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INS Saryu

2026-05-06T11:59:30Z

DesireeTietjen:

{{Short description|Indian Saryu-class patrol vessel}}
{{distinguish|text=[[INS Sarayu (P54)]], an Indian Navy ship of the [[Sukanya-class patrol vessel|Sukanya class]], which was sold to the [[Sri Lanka Navy]]}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}{{italic title|string=Saryu}}

{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Saryu en-route to Phuket.jpg
| image_caption = INS ''Saryu'' en-route to [[Phuket]].
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| country = India
| flag = {{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
| name = INS ''Saryu''
| namesake = [[Sarju|Saryu river]]
| owner =
| operator = {{navy|India}}
| registry =
| route =
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = [[Goa Shipyard Limited]]
| original_cost = {{INRConvert|6.2|b|0}}
| yard_number =
| way_number =
| laid_down =
| launched = 30 March 2009
| sponsor =
| christened =
| completed = 21 December 2012
| commissioned = 21 January 2013
| status = Active
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: P54<ref>{{cite web|title=Offshore Patrol Vessel – Sukanya Class|url=http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/ships?page=0,8|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=13 February 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106012224/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/ships?page=0%2C8|archive-date=6 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| motto =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = [[Saryu-class patrol vessel|''Saryu''-class patrol vessel]]
| type =
| tonnage = {{convert|2300|t}}
| displacement =
| length = {{convert|105|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| beam = {{convert|12.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| draught =
| draft =
| depth =
| decks =
| power = 2 x 7790 kW engines
| propulsion = Two [[SEMT Pielstick]] diesel engines
| speed = {{convert|25|kn}}
| range = {{convert|6000|km}} at {{convert|16|kn}}
| endurance = Two months
| troops =
| complement = Eight officers and 105 sailors
| sensors =
| EW =
| armament = *1 × [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] gun
* 2 × [[AK-630]] (30 mm [[Close-in weapon system]]s (CIWS)
* 6 × self-protection [[chaff]] launchers
* [[Fire-control system]]
| armour =
| aircraft = 1x [[HAL Dhruv]] or 1x [[Aérospatiale Alouette III#India|HAL Chetak]]<ref name=dc19>{{cite news|title=INS Saryu to be commissioned on Monday|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/306489/ins-saryu-commissioned-monday.html|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=19 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925211735/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/306489/ins-saryu-commissioned-monday.html|archive-date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
| aircraft_facilities =
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Saryu''''' is the first {{sclass|Saryu|patrol vessel|1}} of the [[Indian Navy]], designed and constructed indigenously by the [[Goa Shipyard Limited]]. The ship is home-ported at [[Port Blair]], under the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] (ANC). She is the largest [[offshore patrol vessel]] in the navy.<ref name=idp20j /><ref name=zn21d>{{cite news|title=Navy receives warship INS Saryu from GSL|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/navy-receives-warship-ins-saryu-from-gsl_818134.html|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=Zee News|date=21 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130182235/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/navy-receives-warship-ins-saryu-from-gsl_818134.html|archive-date=30 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=bs19>{{cite news|title=Navy receives warship INS Saryu from GSL|url=http://www.business-standard.com/generalnews/news/navy-receives-warship-ins-saryugsl/97923/|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=19 January 2013}}</ref>

==Design and development==
The ''Saryu''-class patrol vessels were ordered for the navy by the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] in December 2008, for performing coastal patrol.<ref name=zn21d /> [[Goa Shipyard Limited]] (GSL) became the first Indian shipyard to have designed and constructed this class of warship completely indigenously.<ref name=bs19 />

''Saryu'' is the most advanced vessel to be constructed by GSL in terms of design, performance and quality. The ship has been designed by an in-house team and was built at the cost of {{INRConvert|6.2|b|0}}.<ref name=dc19 /> Construction of the vessel took three and a half years, and was delayed due to late supply of gearboxes by the Indian supplier. A new order for the gearboxes was then placed with another manufacturer, which delivered them in early December 2011. ''Saryu'' was then completed by November 2012. Three more vessels of the class are being constructed for the navy, and all will be delivered by 18 months (from the commissioning of ''Saryu''), each at an interval of six months.<ref name=idp20j>{{cite web|title=INS Saryu Class Stealth OPVs|url=http://idp.justthe80.com/naval-projects/offshore-patrol-vessels/ins-saryu-class-stealth-opvs|work=Naval Projects|access-date=20 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123032253/http://idp.justthe80.com/naval-projects/offshore-patrol-vessels/ins-saryu-class-stealth-opvs|archive-date=23 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Delay in Modernisation Program|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=77405|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=Press Information Bureau|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215061827/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=77405|archive-date=15 December 2012}}</ref><ref name=toij19>{{cite news|title=Indian Navy to commission indigenously built NOPV INS Saryu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Indian-Navy-to-commission-indigenously-built-NOPV-INS-Saryu/articleshow/18082884.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061904/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-19/goa/36431853_1_naval-offshore-patrol-vessel-ins-saryu-indian-navy|url-status=live|archive-date=18 January 2014|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=19 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=nt20>{{cite web|title=India about to commission OPV INS Saryu|url=http://navaltoday.com/2013/01/18/indian-navy-about-to-commission-opv-ins-saryu-into-service/|publisher=Naval Today|access-date=20 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121024355/http://navaltoday.com/2013/01/18/indian-navy-about-to-commission-opv-ins-saryu-into-service/|archive-date=21 January 2013}}</ref><ref name=bs19 /><ref name=nvht>{{cite news|title=INS Saryu ready for commissioning|url=http://www.navhindtimes.in/business/ins-saryu-ready-commissioning|access-date=20 January 2013|newspaper=Navhind Times|date=19 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224130227/http://www.navhindtimes.in/business/ins-saryu-ready-commissioning|archive-date=24 February 2014}}</ref>

INS ''Saryu'' was launched on 30 March 2009 by the [[Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy|Chief of Naval Staff]], [[Sureesh Mehta|Admiral Sureesh Mehta]].<ref>{{cite web|author=PTI |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-30/india/28014025_1_patrol-vessel-value-ships-and-fleet-ships-and-fleet-support |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716015536/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-30/india/28014025_1_patrol-vessel-value-ships-and-fleet-ships-and-fleet-support |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2012 |title=Indian Navy launches patrol vessel |date=30 March 2009 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 January 2013}}</ref> The navy took delivery of the ship on 21 December 2012<ref name="saryudelivery">{{cite web | url = http://www.goashipyard.co.in/NewsEventsDetails.aspx?id={0050-0108-0148-0128-0161-0192-0225-0256} | title = GSL delivers Indian Navy's largest patrol vessel Y-1194 (INS Saryu) | publisher = [[Goa Shipyard Limited]] | date = 21 December 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185946/http://www.goashipyard.co.in/NewsEventsDetails.aspx?id=%7B0050-0108-0148-0128-0161-0192-0225-0256%7D | archive-date = 4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/navy-receives-warship-ins-saryu-from-gsl_818134.html |title=Navy receives warship INS Saryu from GSL |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=21 December 2012 |access-date=12 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230064713/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/navy-receives-warship-ins-saryu-from-gsl_818134.html |archive-date=30 December 2012 }}</ref> and she was commissioned on 21 January 2013 at [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], by the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]] (ANC), Air Marshal [[P.K. Roy]].<ref name=bs19 /><ref name=toij19 /><ref name=ect>{{cite web|title=INS Saryu commissioned near Andaman and Nicobar islands|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ins-saryu-commissioned-near-andaman-and-nicobar-islands/articleshow/18113478.cms|work=The Economic Times|access-date=21 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827235756/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ins-saryu-commissioned-near-andaman-and-nicobar-islands/articleshow/18113478.cms|archive-date=27 August 2017}}</ref>

==Description==
The ship has a range of {{convert|6000|km|nmi}}, and can remain deployed at sea for two months without replenishment. She is crewed by eight officers and 105 sailors. She is armed with an Italian-made [[OTO Melara 76 mm|OTO Melara]] {{convert|76|mm|in|adj=on}} gun; two Russian-made [[AK-630]] six-barrelled {{convert|30|mm|in|adj=on}} [[close-in weapon system]]s (CIWS), and six self-protection [[chaff]] launchers, all of which are controlled by an on-board electro-optic [[fire-control system]].<ref name=nt22j13>{{cite news|title=INS Saryu Joins Indian Navy Fleet|url=http://navaltoday.com/2013/01/22/ins-saryu-joins-indian-navy-fleet/|access-date=16 July 2013|newspaper=Naval Today|date=22 January 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308113715/http://navaltoday.com/2013/01/22/ins-saryu-joins-indian-navy-fleet|archive-date=8 March 2013}}</ref> She also has [[Radar navigation|navigational]] and [[early warning radar]]s, and an integrated [[electronic warfare]] system. She carries two [[Rigid-hulled inflatable boat|rigid inflatable fast-motor boats]] alongside a multi-role helicopter like the [[HAL Dhruv]] or [[HAL Chetak]].<ref name=toij19 /><ref name=in15j>{{cite web|title=INS Saryu – First Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel (NOPV) Commissioned at Goa|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/print/1708|publisher=Indian Navy|access-date=15 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923190606/http://indiannavy.nic.in/print/1708|archive-date=23 September 2013}}</ref>

Propulsion and power are electronically controlled by a remote-control system, and the power management system is automatic. A fully integrated [[LAN]] and a [[CCTV]] management system is used to increase efficiency of the crew and optimally utilise the ship's equipment. Propulsion is provided by two [[SEMT Pielstick]] diesel engines, which are the largest engines of their type in the Indian Navy, and propel the ship to more than {{convert|25|kn}}.<ref name=toij19 />

==Service history==
''Saryu'' is home-ported at [[Port Blair]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], under the ANC. Her first commanding officer is [[Commander]] Amanpreet Singh,<ref name=zn21d /> who will be commanding a ship for the second time. The ship will enhance the off-shore surveillance and [[maritime patrol]]ling capability of the A&N command, where she will be used to patrol India's [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ) and [[sea lines of communication]].<ref name=nt22j13 /> She will also perform anti-piracy patrols and fleet-support operations like providing security to off-shore installations and escorting high-value assets.<ref name=bs19 /><ref name=toij19 /><ref name=nt20 /><ref name=nvht />

==Gallery==

{{Gallery
|title=Saryu-class ships at sea
|width=160 | height=170
|File:Eastern most Island of Andaman & Nicobar Islands onboard Indian Navy Landing Craft Utility (IN LCU) 58 & accompanied by INS Saryu & IN LCU 54. (cropped).jpg
|Indian Navy [[Landing Craft Utility]] [[Mk. IV LCU| IN LCU 58]] & [[Mk. IV LCU|IN LCU 54]] accompanied by INS ''Saryu'' (P54).
|File:INS Saryu (P54) carrying the victory flame of Swarnim Vijay Varsh through the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (cropped).jpg
|INS ''Saryu'' (P54) carrying the victory flame of Swarnim Vijay Varsh through the Andaman & Nicobar Islands
}}

==References==
{{commons category|INS Saryu (P54)}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Saryu-class patrol vessel}}

{{good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saryu (P57)}}
[[Category:2009 ships]]
[[Category:Patrol boats of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Bommidi Narayana Nayakar

2026-04-24T23:17:56Z

DesireeTietjen: put up stub

{{Short description|Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bommidi Narayana Nayakar
| office = Member of the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = Mudunuri Prasad Raju
| constituency = [[Narasapuram Assembly constituency|Narasapuram]]
| party = [[Jana Sena Party]]
| birth_date =
}}
'''Bommidi Narayana Nayakar''' is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of [[Jana Sena Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Narasapuram, Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JSP's Bommidi Narayana Nayakar defeats YSRCP's Nagaraja Vara Prasada Raju Mudunuri with 49738 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/narasapuram-andhra-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-2548248-2024-06-04 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Nayakar was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly from [[Narasapuram Assembly constituency]] in [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s. He won the elections by a margin of 49738 votes defeating Mudunuri Prasad Raju of the [[YSR Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Narasapuram Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/narasapuram-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916649.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

Nayakar was appointed whip on 12 November 2024.<ref name="AP CM Naidu Appoints Chief Whips, Whips">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |date=13 November 2024 |title=AP CM Naidu Appoints Chief Whips, Whips |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-cm-naidu-appoints-chief-whips-whips-1837719 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113173223/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/ap-cm-naidu-appoints-chief-whips-whips-1837719 |archivedate=13 November 2024 |accessdate=13 November 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Andhra Pradesh govt names whips for assembly, council">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=12 November 2024 |title=Andhra Pradesh govt names whips for assembly, council |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-pradesh-government-appoints-new-whips-for-assembly-and-council/articleshow/115227312.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113173158/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/andhra-pradesh-government-appoints-new-whips-for-assembly-and-council/articleshow/115227312.cms |archivedate=13 November 2024 |accessdate=13 November 2024}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source= Narasapuram Assembly constituency}}
{{#section-h:Narasapuram Assembly constituency|2024}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Jana Sena Party politicians]]

Harshveer Sekhon

2026-04-24T12:14:30Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up stub.

{{short description|Indian track cyclist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Harshveer Sekhon
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| full_name =
| nickname =
| birth_name = Harshveer Sekhon
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1998|01|17}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab]]
| height = 180 cm<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harshveer Sekhon: 2022 Asian Games Profile |url= https://www.ocagames.com/HZ_Info/AG2022-/en/results/cycling-track/athlete-profile-n2001643-sekhon-harshveer-singh.htm |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Asian Games|language=en}}</ref>
| weight = 55 kg
| currentteam =
| discipline = [[Track cycling|Track]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarangi |first=Y. B. |date=2022-10-09 |title=National Games 2022: Harshveer Singh wins gold in men's 119km cycling road race |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/national-games/national-games-2022-harshveer-singh-wins-gold-119km-men-cycling-road-race/article65989427.ece/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>
| role = Rider
| ridertype =
| amateuryears1 =
| amateurteam1 =
| amateuryears2 =
| amateurteam2 =
| proyears1 =
| proteam1 =
| proyears2 =
| proteam2 =
| majorwins =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[track cycling]]}} [[File:Cycling (track) pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{Medal|Competition|[[ACC Track Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|2019 New Delhi|4km team pursuit}}
{{Medal|Silver|2023 Suphan Buri|Points race}}
{{Medal|Silver|2023 Suphan Buri|Omnium}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[roller skating]]}} [[File:Speed skating pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{Medal|Competition|Asian Championships}}
{{Medal|Silver|2017 Haining|Elimination track race}}
}}

'''Harshveer Sekhon''' (born 17 January 1998) is an Indian [[Track cycling|track cyclist]] and former [[roller skater]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-09-13 |title=India makes history as six riders qualify for World Track Cycling Championships |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/six-indian-cyclists-qualify-world-track-cycling-championship-first-time-ronaldo-singh-david-beckham/article68638531.ece/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref> He's a triple silver medalist at the Asia Cup. As a roller skater, he won the silver medal at the Asian Championships.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harshveer bags silver at Asian Roller Skating event |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/harshveer-bags-silver-at-asian-roller-skating-event/story-g1qR95vBPaCbUNKgpQXKvL_amp.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Early life==
Sekhon was born on 17 January 1998 to mother Baldeep and father Baljeet Sekhon. His younger sister [[Jasmeek Sekhon]] is also a cyclist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Track Asian Championship: Ludhiana woman cyclist bags silver |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/track-asian-championship-ludhiana-woman-cyclist-bags-silver-101655921451650-amp.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> He completed his schooling from DAV Public School. Sekhon then pursued a bachelor's in computer science engineering and a master's in business administration from [[Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana|Guru Nanak Dev College]], [[Ludhiana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 6 May 2020|title=Harshveer Singh Sekhon bagged second position in Asia Cup 2019 |url=https://architecture.gndec.ac.in/news/index.php/2020/05/06/harshveer-singh-sekhon-a-student-of-final-year-cse-branch-guru-nanak-dev-engineering-college-gndec-ludhiana-bagged-second-position-in-the-senior-4-km-team-pursuit-track-cycling-in-asia-cup-2019/#:~:text=In%20yet%20another%20achievement,%20Harshveer,from%20September%209%20to%2011. |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=GNDEC |language=en-US}}</ref>

He started skating when he was six years old.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-09-16 |title=Cyclist does city proud, wins silver at Asia Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/cyclist-does-city-proud-wins-silver-at-asia-cup/articleshow/71142194.cms |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He trained under JS Dhaliwal at the Leisure Valley Rink in Ludhiana and went on to win several state and national medals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ludhiana cyclist gears up for Track World Championship in Denmark |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/ludhiana-cyclist-gears-up-for-track-world-championship-in-denmark-101726162804086-amp.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Career==
Sekhon started his sports career as a [[roller skater]]. He won the silver in the elimination track race at the Asian Championships and even represented India at the 20,000m event at the [[2018 Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=City skater to be seen in action during Asian Games |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/ludhiana/city-skater-to-be-seen-in-action-during-asian-games-636563/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> He qualified for the World Championships but withdrew his name due to lack of financial support from the government.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial crisis forces city lad to withdraw from world skating championship |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/financial-crisis-forces-city-lad-to-withdraw-from-world-skating-championship/story-gzNtKZtQdFeqLnd13TclZI_amp.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> This led to him quitting the sport and focusing on studies.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Harshveer Sekhon: Roller skater in Jakarta, cyclist in Hangzhou! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/harshveer-sekhon-roller-skater-in-jakarta-cyclist-in-hangzhou/articleshow/103629128.cms |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2018, Sekhon was introduced to cycling as a sport by a family friend. During the race, he ended up winning gold which gave him the confidence to pursue cycling professionally. In 2019, he won the silver medal in the 4 km team pursuit at the [[ACC Track Asia Cup|Asia Cup]], losing the gold by only a meagre 0.33 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harshveer Sekhon: The Crossover Champion |url=https://hclcyclothon.com/the-crossover-champion/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=HCL Cyclothon |language=en}}</ref>

Sekhon competed at the [[2022 Asian Games]] and the [[2022 Commonwealth Games]]. He won two silver medals at the [[ACC Track Asia Cup|2023 Asia Cup]] in the omnium and elimination race events. He won the bronze in the elimination race at the [[Prešov|2024 Grand Prix Presov]]. Sekhon next competed in the omnium and elimination races at the [[2024 UCI Track Cycling World Championships|World Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prod.server.tissottiming.com/file/0003170104010801FFFFFFFFFFFFFF02|title=Final results|publisher=tissottiming.com|accessdate=20 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 October 2024 |title=Final Classification results |url=https://prod.server.tissottiming.com/file/0003170104010704FFFFFFFFFFFFFF02 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Tissot Timing}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Cycling in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{UCI rider|973666|Harshveer Sekhon}}
* [https://firstcycling.com/m/rider.php?r=186304 Harshveer Singh Sekhon] at First Cycling
* [https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/harshveer-singh-sekhon/799cc965-8e89-4d9e-8191-7f28f03c4803 Harshveer Singh Sekhon] at the [[Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
* {{2022 Asian Games profile|cycling-track/athlete-profile-n2001643-sekhon-harshveer-singh|Harshveer Singh Sekhon}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sekhon, Harshveer}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian roller skaters]]
[[Category:Indian male cyclists]]
[[Category:Indian track cyclists]]
[[Category:Roller skaters at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Cyclists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games cyclists for India]]
[[Category:Cyclists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games cyclists for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Panchathantram

2026-04-24T03:40:08Z

DesireeTietjen: new first page with sources

{{About|the 2022 Telugu film|3=Panchatantra (disambiguation)}}{{Short description|2022 Telugu anthology film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Panchathantram
| image = Panchathantram.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = Harsha Pulipaka
| story = Harsha Pulipaka
| screenplay = Harsha Pulipaka
| based_on = 
| producer = Akhilesh Vardhan Srujan Yarabolu
| starring = [[Brahmanandam]] [[Swathi Reddy]] [[Shivathmika Rajashekar]] [[Rahul Vijay]] [[Samuthirakani]] Naresh Agasthya Divya Sripada Srividya Vikas [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]]
| cinematography = Raj K. Nalli
| editing = [[Garry BH]]
| music = [[Prashanth R Vihari]] Shravan Bharadwaj
| studio = Ticket Factory S Originals
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|12|9|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/promising-drama-panchathantram-to-be-released-worldwide-on-a-big-scale-on-december-9/articleshow/94813916.cms|title=Promising drama 'Panchathantram' to be released worldwide on a big scale on December 9|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2023-01-04|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104190545/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/promising-drama-panchathantram-to-be-released-worldwide-on-a-big-scale-on-december-9/articleshow/94813916.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Panchathantram''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Telugu-language]] [[anthology film]] written and directed by Harsha Pulipaka, and produced by Ticket Factory and S Originals. The star cast of the film [[Brahmanandam]], [[Swathi Reddy]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/panchathantram-swathi-reddy-returns-to-the-silver-screen-with-anthology/articleshow/82211613.cms|title=Panchathantram: Swathi Reddy returns to the silver screen with anthology|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2023-01-04|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104190544/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/panchathantram-swathi-reddy-returns-to-the-silver-screen-with-anthology/articleshow/82211613.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Samuthirakani]], Naresh Agatsya, Sri Vidya Maharshi, [[Rahul Vijay]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jun/07/first-look-of-rahul-vijay-from-panchathantram-is-out-24886.html|title=First look of Rahul Vijay from Panchathantram is out|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=2023-01-04|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104190816/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jun/07/first-look-of-rahul-vijay-from-panchathantram-is-out-24886.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shivathmika Rajashekar]], Divyavani, DivyaSripada, Vikas, Praanya P Rao, [[Aadarsh Balakrishna]], and [[Uttej]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/10/release-date-of-panchathanthiram-out-35465.html|title=Release date of Panchathanthiram out|website=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=2023-01-04|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104190546/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/10/release-date-of-panchathanthiram-out-35465.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack was composed by [[Prashanth R Vihari]] and Shravan Bharadwaj.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/panchathantram-a-magical-tale-of-the-modern-world|title='Panchathantram', a magical tale of the modern world|first=|last=|date=14 October 2021|website=Telangana Today|access-date=4 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126091354/https://telanganatoday.com/panchathantram-a-magical-tale-of-the-modern-world|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
This is a blend of five different stories each dealing with a life event tied to one sense organ. These stories of Sight, Smell, Sound, Taste, and Touch embark on a quest of Peace, Fear, Will, Love, and Tenacity through enchanted dramatic narratives breaking the language barriers. Vedavyas, a 63-year-old gets shortlisted for a storytelling competition alongside five young writers where each one of them has to narrate five stories under a single theme. The winner gets a publishing contract to kick-start their career. Both the crowd and the organizers are surprised to see the old man beside the young finalists. No one takes him seriously. Handling all the ridicule from them, Vyas expresses his theme, ‘The five senses. The five stories that Vyas shares with the audience are what our anthology is about.

''Life of Vyas'' A 63-year-old widower who lives with his daughter after retiring from All India Radio. When Vyas expresses his idea to start a career in writing novels, his daughter disapproves. She instead suggests he stay at home and rest. Vyas resists and the discussion turns into an argument where Vyas states that he isn't done yet!

== Cast ==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | Prelude
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | ''The Postcard'' (segment: Sight)
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | ''Subha-Lekha''(segment: Taste)
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | ''The Scent of Red''(segment: Smell)
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | ''The Kick'' (segment: Touch)
! style="background:#ffffff; width:15%" | ''Leia - the purple-caped superhero'' (segment: Hearing)
|-
| valign="top" |
*[[Brahmanandam]] as Vedavyas
*[[Swathi Reddy]] as Roshni

| valign="top" |
*Naresh Agatsya as Vihari
*Sri Vidya Maharshi as Mythri

| valign="top" |
*[[Rahul Vijay]] as Subhash
*[[Shivathmika Rajashekar]] as Lekha

| valign="top" |
* [[Samuthirakani]] as Ramanatham
*Divyavani as Ramanatham's wife

| valign="top" |
*Vikas as Shekar
*[[Divya Sripada]] as Devi

| valign="top" |
*[[Swathi Reddy]] as Chitra
*[[Uttej]] as Sambaiah
*Praanya P Rao as Roopa
*[[Aadarsh Balakrishna]] as Chithra's partner

|}

== Reception ==
Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "On the whole, ''Panchathantram'' is a sensible movie made with honesty. But not good enough to engage in theaters".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/panchathantram.html|title=Panchathantram jeevi review - Telugu cinema review - Brahmanandam, Samuthirakani, Swathi Reddy, Shivathmika Rajasekhar|website=www.idlebrain.com|access-date=2023-01-04|archive-date=2023-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104000219/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/panchathantram.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Certain portions of the anthology call for patient viewing while other portions can leave us with a smile".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/panchathantram-movie-review-this-anthology-is-a-potpourri-and-the-women-make-it-watchable/article66237976.ece|title='Panchathantram' Telugu movie review: Brahmanandam, Swathi Reddy's anthology hits the mark with a couple of stories|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=9 December 2022|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 January 2023|archive-date=4 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104000218/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/panchathantram-movie-review-this-anthology-is-a-potpourri-and-the-women-make-it-watchable/article66237976.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://epaper.vaartha.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=1010ebf5380f&imageview=1&standalone=1 Vaartha-Telugu News | Latest News | Vaartha]
* [https://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=10105c2f0ce8&imageview=1&standalone=1 Andhra Jyothy E-edition]
* [https://epaper.andhrajyothy.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=54a47980a9 Andhra Jyothy E-edition]
* [https://epaper.eenadu.net/Home/ShareImage?Pictureid=6654750 Clip from Eenadu epaper]

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:Indian anthology films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Prashanth R Vihari]]

Bengaluru City Police

2026-04-23T21:53:43Z

DesireeTietjen: Stub

{{Short description|Law-enforcement agency of Bengaluru}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{COI|date=January 2026}}
{{AI-generated|date=April 2026|reason=[[Special:Diff/1334398065|this large 2026 rewrite]], note [[WP:AISIGNS]] - undue emphasis on broader context, promotional tone, vocab distro typical of 2025-26 LLM output, etc}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = Bengaluru City Police
| commonname =
| abbreviation = BCP
| fictional =
| logo = Bangalore City Police Logo.png
| badge =
| badgecaption =
| flag =
| flagcaption =
| patch =
| patchcaption = Bangalore city police officers press conference in 2025
| image_size = 250px
| motto = CARE * COMPASSION * COURAGE
| mottotranslated =
| formedyear = 1963
| formedmonthday = 4 July
| preceding1 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| employees =
| volunteers =
| budget =
| legalpersonality = Bengaluru, Karnataka
| country = India
| countryabbr =
| national =
| federal = [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka Assembly Constituencies]]
| international =
| divtype = State
| divname = Karnataka
| divdab =
| subdivtype = City
| subdivname = Bengaluru
| subdivdab =
| map =
| mapcaption =
| dmap =
| sizearea = 709 km2
| sizepopulation = 8,728,906
| legaljuris =
| governingbody = [[Karnataka Police]]
| governingbodyscnd = [[Government of Karnataka]]
| constitution1 = Police Act, 1861
| police = Yes
| local = Yes
| military =
| paramilitary =
| provost =
| gendarmerie =
| religious =
| secret =
| overviewtype =
| overviewbody =
| headquarters = Commissioner Of Police, 2, Ali Asker Rd, Vasanth Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560001
| hqlocmap =
| hqlocmapwidth =
| hqlocmapheight =
| hqlocmapborder =
| hqlocleft =
| hqloctop =
| hqlocmappoptitle =
| sworntype =
| sworn =
| unsworntype =
| unsworn =
| unsworntype1 =
| unsworn1 =
| multinational =
| electeetype = Elected Minister
| minister1name = [[G. Parameshwara]]
| minister1pfo = [[Government of Karnataka|Karnataka State Home Minister]]
| chief1name = Seemanth Kumar Singh, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| chief1position = [[Commissioner of Police, Bangalore City]]
| parentagency = [[Karnataka Police|Karnataka State Police]]
| child1agency = [[Bangalore City Traffic Police]]
| unittype =
| unitname =
| officetype =
| officename =
| provideragency =
| uniformedas =
| stationtype =
| stations = 110
| website = {{URL|https://bcp.karnataka.gov.in/en}}
| footnotes =
| reference =
}}

[[File:Bengaluru City Police Commissioner's Office.jpg|thumb|Bengaluru City Police Commissioner's Office]]
'''Bengaluru City Police (BCP)''', also known as the '''Bangalore City Police''', is the [[law enforcement agency]] responsible for Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

The BCP is under the administrative control of the Government of Karnataka, and is lead by the city's Commissioner of Police, a senior [[Indian Police Service|Indian Police Service (IPS)]] officer. As of 2025, the Commissioner of Police of Bengaluru City is Seemant Kumar Singh, IPS.

The BCP oversees responsibilities such as [[Beat (police)|foot patrols]], [[Traffic police|traffic enforcement]], [[Emergency service|emergency response]], and public safety.

Administratively, the force is organised into 11 law-and-order divisions and 4 traffic divisions, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. Each division is further subdivided into sub-divisions supervised by an Assistant Commissioner of Police. Police stations are led by Police Inspectors and are responsible for community policing, crime investigation, and local law enforcement.

== History ==
Policing in Bengaluru has its origins in the administrative systems of the Kingdom of Mysore, where law enforcement responsibilities were carried out through local officials and traditional watch arrangements.

Under British rule in the 19th century, organised police forces were developed, and following India's independence in 1947, policing in Bengaluru fell under the administration of the Government of Karnataka.

As the city expanded, the Bengaluru City Police was formally established in 1963, with the first police force to be established in the State of Karnataka. The first Commissioner of Police was C. Chandy, who held the rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police. Over time, the force expanded in size and structure, with the creation of additional law-and-order and traffic divisions, police stations, and specialised wings dedicated to crime detection, traffic regulation, and public safety. Cyber Crime Units, Narcotics Control Wing, and Women and Child Safety Units were established to address emerging urban challenges, including increased traffic density, technology-enabled crime, and crimes against women and children.

In the 21st century, the Bengaluru City Police increasingly adopted technology-driven policing methods, such as the Safe City Project, to better coordinate emergency responses.

== Organisational structure ==
The Bengaluru City Police is headed by the Commissioner of Police, who holds the rank of Additional Director General of Police (ADGP). The Commissioner is assisted by Additional Commissioners of Police and Joint Commissioners of Police, who supervise and coordinate key functional domains such as law and order, crime, traffic, intelligence, and administration within the city police Commissionerate.

The force operates through a combination of foot patrols, mobile patrols, traffic patrols, and armed mobile striking units. Administratively, the jurisdiction of Bengaluru City Police is divided into 11 law-and-order divisions and 4 traffic divisions, each supervised by a senior officer and further subdivided into sub-divisions. Sub-divisions consist of multiple police stations that function as the primary units for local policing and crime investigation.

Police stations are managed by Police Inspectors (PI) and are staffed by Sub-Inspectors, Assistant Sub-Inspectors, Head Constables, and Constables, who are responsible for maintaining law and order, conducting investigations, and carrying out patrol duties within their respective jurisdictions. As part of its organisational framework, Bengaluru City Police comprises 116 law-and-order police stations, 53 traffic police stations, 8 women police stations, 9 CEN (Cyber, Economic and Narcotics Crime) police stations, and one Central Crime Branch (CCB).

=== Administrative hierarchy ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
! Level !! Designation / Unit !! Responsibility
|-
| Head of Force || Commissioner of Police (ADGP) || Overall command and administration of Bengaluru City Police
|-
| Senior Command || Additional Commissioners of Police || Oversight of operational, traffic, and administrative functions
|-
| Senior Command || Joint Commissioners of Police || Supervision of zonal and specialised policing functions
|-
| Divisional Level || Deputy Commissioners of Police (DCP) || Responsible for overseeing law-and-order and traffic divisions
|-
| Sub-Divisional Level || Assistant Commissioners of Police (ACP) || Supervision of sub-divisions within divisions
|-
| Station Level || Police Inspector (PI) || Management of police stations and local policing activities
|-
| Field Personnel || Sub-Inspectors, Assistant Sub-Inspectors, Head Constables, Constables || Law enforcement, investigation, and patrol duties
|}

=== Police stations by type ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
! Type of Police Station !! Number
|-
| Law-and-Order Police Stations || 116
|-
| Traffic Police Stations || 53
|-
| Women Police Stations || 8
|-
| CEN (Cyber, Economic and Narcotics Crime) Police Stations || 9
|-
| Central Crime Branch (CCB) || 1
|}

== Police zones and divisions ==
The Bengaluru City Police is administratively structured into two territorial zones—East Zone and West Zone—to facilitate decentralised command and effective operational control. Each zone is headed by a senior police officer and is subdivided into multiple divisions responsible for law and order maintenance, crime prevention, and policing within defined geographical jurisdictions.

The East Zone comprises the East, North East, South East, Electronic City, and Whitefield divisions, while the West Zone includes the Central, West, North, South, North West, and South West divisions.

This zonal-divisional framework enables streamlined supervision, coordinated deployment of resources, and improved policing efficiency across the city.

== Specialized units ==
The Bengaluru City Police maintains several specialized units to support law enforcement, investigation, intelligence gathering, emergency response, and public safety operations across the city. These units function alongside territorial police stations and are designed to address specific categories of crime, security requirements, and operational challenges. By providing focused expertise and dedicated resources, specialized units enhance the overall efficiency and effectiveness of policing in Bengaluru.

=== Central Crime Branch (CCB) ===
The Central Crime Branch (CCB) is a specialised investigative wing of the Bengaluru City Police that handles complex and serious criminal cases requiring specialised skills and coordination. The unit is responsible for investigating organised crimes, financial frauds, cyber-enabled offences, and other high-profile cases that extend beyond the jurisdictional capacity of individual police stations. The CCB supports local police stations by conducting in-depth investigations and coordinating inter-agency operations when required.

=== Scene of Crime Officers (SOCO) ===
Scene of Crime Officers (SOCO) form a specialised forensic support unit responsible for the scientific examination and documentation of crime scenes. These officers assist investigating teams by collecting physical evidence, documenting scenes through photography and measurements, and ensuring the preservation of forensic material. Their work strengthens investigations by supporting evidence-based policing and aiding prosecution processes.

=== Drug Awareness Units ===
Drug Awareness Units focus on addressing issues related to substance abuse and narcotics-related offences. These units engage in enforcement activities as well as public awareness programmes aimed at educating citizens about the harmful effects of drug abuse. The units contribute to crime prevention initiatives, particularly among students and vulnerable groups.

=== Command Centre and Control Room ===
The Command Centre and Control Room functions as the central coordination hub for city-wide policing and emergency response. It monitors real-time inputs from various operational units and surveillance systems, receives emergency calls, and facilitates the rapid deployment of police resources. The control room enables coordinated responses during emergencies, major public events, and disaster situations.

=== CEN Police Stations ===
CEN (Cyber, Economic and Narcotics Crime) Police Stations are specialised police stations established to investigate cyber crimes, economic offences, and narcotics-related cases. These stations are staffed with trained personnel who handle technology-driven crimes, financial fraud, and drug-related offences, improving investigative efficiency in specialised domains.

=== City Crime Records Branch (CCRB) ===
The City Crime Records Branch (CCRB) is responsible for the collection, compilation, and analysis of crime-related data within the Bengaluru City Police jurisdiction. The branch maintains crime records and statistics, and analyses crime patterns.

=== Central Armed Reserve (CAR) ===
The Central Armed Reserve (CAR) serves as a reserve force to support law-and-order duties, crowd control, and emergency deployments. The unit is mobilised during situations requiring additional manpower, such as public gatherings, protests, festivals, and emergencies, and provides armed support to maintain public order.

=== Intelligence Unit ===
The Intelligence Unit is responsible for gathering, analysing, and disseminating information related to internal security, crime prevention, and public order. The unit identifies potential threats, monitors criminal activities, and provides actionable intelligence to operational units, playing a key role in preventive policing.

=== VVIP Security Unit ===
The VVIP Security Unit provides security to dignitaries, visiting officials, and protected persons within the city. The unit plans and executes security arrangements for official events, public appearances, and movements of protected individuals, coordinating with other police units to ensure safety and public order.

=== Women Police Stations ===
Women Police Stations are specialised units established to address crimes involving women. These stations provide a supportive environment for women to report offences and seek assistance. They handle cases related to crimes against women and contribute to gender-sensitive policing and access to justice.

=== Anti-Terrorist Cells ===
Anti-Terrorist Cells focus on monitoring, preventing, and responding to activities related to terrorism and threats to internal security. These units work in coordination with intelligence agencies and other law enforcement bodies to assess risks, conduct surveillance, and implement preventive measures.

=== K9 Unit ===
The K9 Unit consists of trained police dogs and handlers who assist in various policing operations, including tracking suspects, detecting explosives or narcotics, and conducting search operations. The unit enhances operational capabilities in security and investigation-related duties.

=== Mounted Patrol ===
The Mounted Patrol unit uses horses for patrolling and crowd management in specific areas and during public events. Mounted patrols are employed for visibility, surveillance, and crowd control in open spaces, supporting law-and-order duties and preventive policing.

== Traffic management ==
Traffic management in Bengaluru is administered by the Bengaluru Traffic Police (BTP), which is responsible for traffic regulation, enforcement, and monitoring across the city. Traffic regulation includes the management of vehicular movement, traffic signals, one-way systems, parking control, and the implementation of restrictions during peak hours, public events, and emergencies.

For administrative and operational purposes, the Bengaluru Traffic Police is organised into four traffic divisions—Traffic East Division, Traffic West Division, Traffic North Division, and Traffic South Division—each responsible for traffic management within its respective jurisdiction. These divisions collectively oversee 53 traffic police stations, which are further organised into 10 traffic sub-divisions, enabling decentralised and effective traffic enforcement, monitoring, and response at the local level.

Traffic enforcement and monitoring are carried out through a combination of field personnel and technology-based systems. The city uses an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) equipped with surveillance infrastructure, including Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras installed at major junctions to detect violations such as red light jumping and other offences, and integrated CCTV coverage of key intersections and corridors for real-time observation and control.

Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATCS) systems are also deployed at major junctions to dynamically adjust signal timings based on real-time traffic conditions, optimising traffic flow and reducing congestion. The Bengaluru Traffic Police also operates the ASTrAM (Actionable Insights for Sustainable Traffic Management) mobile application, which provides real-time traffic updates, congestion information, road closures, and public advisories. These systems support centralised traffic operations and automated enforcement to improve compliance and overall traffic efficiency.

== Technology and modernization ==
The Bengaluru City Police has progressively adopted technology-driven policing methods to enhance operational efficiency, public safety, crime prevention, and emergency response across the city. With the rapid growth of Bengaluru as a metropolitan and technological hub, the police force has integrated modern surveillance systems, digital platforms, and data-driven tools to support law enforcement and traffic management activities.

A major step in the modernisation of policing in Bengaluru was the implementation of the Safe City Project, launched as a city-wide initiative aimed at improving public safety through the use of advanced surveillance and monitoring infrastructure. Under this project, a large network of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras has been deployed across key public locations, arterial roads, junctions, and sensitive areas. These cameras assist in real-time monitoring, crime detection, post-incident investigation, and deterrence of criminal activity.

The surveillance infrastructure is supported by a centralised Command Centre and Control Room, which functions as the operational nerve centre for monitoring camera feeds, coordinating police responses, and managing emergency situations. The command centre integrates inputs from multiple systems, enabling coordinated decision-making during emergencies, major public events, and law-and-order situations.

As part of its technological initiatives, Bengaluru City Police has implemented an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS), which uses automated enforcement and monitoring tools to regulate traffic movement and detect violations. This system includes the deployment of Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras at major junctions and corridors to identify offences such as red-light violations and other traffic-related violations. The system supports data-driven traffic enforcement and contributes to improved compliance and road safety.

The city has also adopted Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATCS) systems at selected junctions, which dynamically adjust signal timings based on real-time traffic flow. By optimising signal cycles according to congestion levels, ATCS aims to reduce traffic delays, improve vehicle movement, and enhance overall traffic efficiency.

Emergency response in Bengaluru is supported through the 112 emergency response system, which provides a single, unified helpline for police assistance. The system enables rapid call handling, location tracking, and dispatch of nearest available police resources. Integration with command and control systems allows for faster response times and coordinated action during emergencies.

In addition to emergency response systems, Bengaluru City Police has introduced digital platforms and mobile applications to improve public engagement and service delivery. These applications provide citizens with access to police services, real-time updates, and information related to traffic conditions and public advisories. Technology-enabled public interfaces support transparency, accessibility, and improved interaction between the police and citizens.

Video analytics and data analysis tools are increasingly used to support crime prevention and investigation. These technologies assist in identifying patterns, tracking suspects, analysing incidents, and supporting evidence-based policing. By leveraging data and analytics, the police force aims to enhance situational awareness and operational effectiveness.

Through continuous investment in modern surveillance systems, emergency response infrastructure, digital platforms, and data-driven tools, the Bengaluru City Police has strengthened its technological capabilities. These initiatives reflect an ongoing effort to modernise policing practices and respond effectively to the evolving security and public safety needs of a rapidly growing urban environment.

== Emergency services ==
The Bengaluru City Police provides emergency and public safety services through integrated helplines, digital platforms, and field response units. These services operate round the clock and address law enforcement, traffic management, cyber crime, and citizen safety within the city.

Emergency response is coordinated through the Emergency Response Support System (ERSS) 112, a single national helpline for police, fire, and ambulance services. The service is accessible from all mobile and landline networks and supports voice calls, SMS, and mobile application alerts. Location-based technology is used to facilitate the rapid dispatch of emergency response units for incidents such as crimes, road accidents, medical emergencies, and fire incidents.

Women’s safety services are provided through Safety Island, an initiative implemented under the city’s Safe City Project. Bengaluru has 50 Safety Islands installed at selected public locations. Each Safety Island is a blue, telephone booth–style kiosk equipped with an SOS button that enables direct, hands-free communication with the police command and control centre. The kiosks are fitted with surveillance cameras and two-way audio systems, allowing real-time monitoring and interaction. The service is intended to provide immediate police assistance to persons in distress, particularly women, in identified high-risk areas, and is accessible through the 112 emergency system and the Karnataka State Police mobile application.

The Karnataka State Police Mobile Application (KSP App) serves as a digital interface for emergency and citizen services. The application provides SOS alerts linked to 112, access to Safety Island services, online complaint and petition submission, reporting of lost documents, information on nearby police stations, and complaint status tracking. The application is available on Android and iOS platforms.

Cyber crime and online financial fraud are addressed through the 1930 helpline, a national service for reporting cyber offences and financial fraud. The helpline is used to report incidents such as UPI fraud, credit and debit card fraud, online scams, and unauthorised electronic transactions. The service operates 24 hours a day, and complaints may also be registered through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. Early reporting enables preventive action and facilitates possible recovery of funds.

PARIHAR is an integrated initiative under the Bengaluru Safe City programme that provides coordinated support and protection to women, senior citizens, and children through dedicated helplines. It includes Vanitha Sahayavani (1091) for women’s safety and counselling, Elders Helpline (1090) for assistance, legal advice, and protection of senior citizens, and the Child Helpline (1098), a free emergency service operated by CHILDLINE India Foundation for the rescue, rehabilitation, and care of children in distress.

The Neravu project, initiated by the Bengaluru City Police under the Nirbhaya Scheme and the Safe City Project, involved the installation of 60 portable emergency cabins across Bengaluru. These cabins function as assistance booths primarily for women in distress and are also accessible to the general public during emergencies.

Traffic-related emergencies and road accidents are handled through the 112 emergency response system in coordination with traffic police units. These services include accident response, traffic regulation, congestion management, and coordination with ambulance and medical services.

These services form part of the Bengaluru City Police’s emergency response framework for addressing public safety and law enforcement needs within the city.

== Crime prevention and public safety ==
The Bengaluru City Police undertakes a range of crime prevention and public safety measures aimed at maintaining public order and reducing crime. Preventive policing includes regular beat and patrol duties, area domination exercises, and the deployment of check posts in vulnerable locations. Community policing initiatives focus on public engagement, awareness programmes, and cooperation with residents’ associations and institutions. Notable initiatives include Mane Manage Police, which promotes direct police–community interaction at the neighbourhood level, and Friends of Police, a volunteer-based programme that supports preventive policing and public safety efforts.

In addition to routine crime prevention measures, the Bengaluru City Police undertakes focused public safety campaigns. During New Year celebrations, a city-wide public safety campaign is implemented to promote responsible celebration and prevent incidents related to public disorder, traffic violations, and safety risks. These measures include public awareness initiatives and enhanced policing arrangements, with the deployment of approximately 20,000 police personnel and comprehensive bandobast at prominent locations and high-footfall areas.

The current month’s campaign is focused on road safety, with emphasis on traffic discipline, accident prevention, and safer road user behaviour. The initiative includes targeted enforcement, public awareness activities, and outreach programmes across the city.

== Awards and recognition ==

In 2016–17, the Bengaluru City Police received the ''Innovative Use of GIS Technology'' award for its use of social media and the ''Namma-100 Command Center'' initiative, and the ''Innovative Use of Mobile Technology'' award for its ''e-Lost & Found Report'' applications.

In 2025, the Bengaluru City Police were recognised with the ''BluGreen Awards-2025 Certificate of Recognition'' under the Solid Waste sector for their contribution to climate action and environmental sustainability in Bengaluru.

During the ''217th Republic Day Flower Show'' (2025), organised by the Department of Horticulture at Lalbagh, the Bengaluru City Police participated in the competition for gardens of State Government institutions and won the third prize.

Similarly, at the ''218th Independence Day Flower Show'' (2025), organised by the Department of Horticulture, Lalbagh, the institution competed on the theme of ''Veerarani Kittur Chennamma'' and ''Krantiveer Sangolli Rayanna'' and again secured the third prize in the State Government institutions gardens competition.

== Leadership ==
The Bengaluru City Police is headed by the Commissioner of Police, who is the chief executive and administrative authority of the city police Commissionerate. The Commissioner of Police is an officer of the Indian Police Service (IPS) and is responsible for overall supervision, policy implementation, law enforcement, crime prevention, traffic management, and public safety within the jurisdiction of Bengaluru City.

Since the formal establishment of the Bengaluru City Police in 1963, the organisation has been led by several Commissioners of Police who have contributed to the development, modernisation, and expansion of policing in the city. Over the years, the leadership has evolved in response to the city’s rapid urban growth, increasing population, technological advancements, and emerging law-and-order challenges. Each Commissioner has played a role in strengthening administrative structures, operational efficiency, and public-oriented policing initiatives.

=== List of Commissioners of Police ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;"
|-
! No.
! Name
! Tenure
|-
| 1
| C. Chandy, IPS
| 1 July 1963 – 19 April 1966
|-
| 2
| Kadhar Ali, IPS
| 20 April 1966 – 31 October 1968
|-
| 3
| H. Veerabhadriah, IPS
| 31 October 1968 – 1 June 1972
|-
| 4
| K. G. Ramanna, IPS
| 2 June 1972 – 19 September 1973
|-
| 5
| M. L. Chandrashekar, IPS
| 20 September 1973 – 1 June 1976
|-
| 6
| T. Albert. Manoj, IPS
| 2 June 1976 – 31 October 1976
|-
| 7
| B. N. Garudachar, IPS
| 31 October 1976 – 30 December 1980
|-
| 8
| A. R. Nizamuddin, IPS
| 31 December 1980 – 2 March 1983
|-
| 9
| P. G. Harlankar, IPS
| 2 March 1983 – 8 December 1986
|-
| 10
| K. U. Balakrishna Rao, IPS
| 8 December 1986 – 31 October 1987
|-
| 11
| A. R. Sridharan, IPS
| 31 October 1987 – 1 December 1988
|-
| 12
| S. N. S. Murthy, IPS
| 1 December 1988 – 5 June 1989
|-
| 13
| Ramaligam, IPS
| 5 June 1989 – 31 July 1992
|-
| 14
| Chandulal, IPS
| 31 July 1992 – 15 September 1993
|-
| 15
| P. Kodanda Ramaiah, IPS
| 15 September 1993 – 21 December 1994
|-
| 16
| T. Srinivasalu, IPS
| 21 December 1994 – 13 June 1996
|-
| 17
| S. C. Burman, IPS
| 13 June 1996 – 2 April 1997
|-
| 18
| L. Revanasiddiah, IPS
| 14 April 1997 – 18 November 1999
|-
| 19
| T. Madiyal, IPS
| 19 November 1999 – 31 October 2001
|-
| 20
| H. T. Sangliana, IPS
| 31 October 2001 – 21 October 2002
|-
| 21
| M. D. Singh, IPS
| 21 October 2002 – 2 May 2003
|-
| 22
| Mariswami, IPS
| 2 May 2003 – 8 June 2005
|-
| 23
| Ajay Kumar Singh, IPS
| 8 June 2005 – 21 June 2006
|-
| 24
| Achyut Rao, IPS
| 21 June 2006 – 11 July 2008
|-
| 25
| Shankar Bidari, IPS
| 11 July 2008 – 2 May 2011
|-
| 26
| B. G. Jyothi Prakash Mirji, IPS
| 2 May 2011 – 5 April 2013
|-
| 27
| Ragavendra H. Auradkar, IPS
| 5 April 2013 – 20 May 2013
|-
| 28
| B. G. Jyothi Prakash Mirji, IPS
| 2 May 2013 – 30 June 2013
|-
| 29
| Ragavendra H. Auradkar, IPS
| 30 June 2013 – 21 July 2014
|-
| 30
| M. N. Reddy, IPS
| 21 July 2014 – 31 July 2015
|-
| 31
| N. S. Megharik, IPS
| 31 July 2015 – 31 December 2016
|-
| 32
| Praveen Sood, IPS
| 1 January 2017 – 31 July 2017
|-
| 33
| T. Suneel Kumar, IPS
| 31 July 2017 – 17 June 2019
|-
| 34
| Alok Kumar, IPS
| 17 June 2019 – 2 August 2019
|-
| 35
| Bhaskar Rao, IPS
| 2 August 2019 – 1 August 2020
|-
| 36
| Kamal Pant, IPS
| 1 August 2020 – 17 May 2022
|-
| 37
| Pratap Reddy, IPS
| 17 May 2022 – 30 May 2023
|-
| 38
| B. Dayananda, IPS
| 30 May 2023 – 5 June 2025
|-
| 39
| Seemant Kumar Singh, IPS
| 6 June 2025 – Present
|}

The Safe City Project was launched to improve emergency response and public safety across Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Police trace, reunite missing children in minutes under Bengaluru Safe City Project
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/police-trace-reunite-missing-children-in-minutes-under-bengaluru-safe-city-project-101768747543748.html
|website=Hindustan Times
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Emergency response services such as Namma 112 enable police to provide rapid assistance in critical situations.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Namma 112 help police rescue unconscious man and elderly woman in separate incidents
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/namma-112-help-police-rescue-unconscious-man-and-elderly-woman-in-separate-incidents/article70384516.ece
|website=The Hindu
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Safety Islands have been installed across Bengaluru to provide immediate police assistance through SOS-enabled kiosks under the Safe City Project.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Bengaluru’s SOS button: 50 safety islands installed across city; here’s how the emergency system works
|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bengalurus-sos-button-50-safety-islands-installed-across-city-heres-how-the-emergency-system-works-bengaluru-news-article-153198654
|website=Times Now
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Several citizens have reached out for help using Safe Connect services available through the Karnataka State Police mobile application.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Over 150 reach out for help via Safe Connect on Karnataka police app
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/over-150-reach-out-for-help-via-safe-connect-on-karnataka-police-app/articleshow/126258727.cms
|website=The Times of India
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Artificial intelligence tools and CCTV-based analytics were used by Bengaluru City Police for crowd control and public safety during New Year celebrations under the Safe City framework.<ref>{{cite web
|title=AI heatmaps, CCTV, crowd control: How Bengaluru cops ensured a calm New Year’s Eve
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ai-heatmaps-cctv-crowd-control-how-bengaluru-cops-ensured-a-calm-new-years-eve/articleshow/126311936.cms
|website=The Times of India
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Safety Island installations have received significant citizen response, with certain locations recording higher SOS alert usage.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Banashankari’s Safety Island tops police SOS alerts in Bengaluru
|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/banashankaris-safety-island-tops-police-sos-alerts-in-bengaluru-3849963
|website=Deccan Herald
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

The Safe City Project helped police trace and reunite missing children in minutes under the Bengaluru Safe City Project.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Police trace, reunite missing children in minutes under Bengaluru Safe City Project
|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/police-trace-reunite-missing-children-in-minutes-under-bengaluru-safe-city-project/ar-AA1UrYMM?ocid=BingNewsSerp
|website=MSN
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

Technology-driven policing helped Bengaluru police reunite missing children with families in record time.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Technology-driven policing helps Bengaluru police reunite missing children with families in record time
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/technology-driven-policing-helps-bengaluru-police-reunite-missing-children-with-families-in-record-time/article70521407.ece
|website=The Hindu
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

The Safe City Project has also attracted international interest, with officials from Dubai Police visiting Bengaluru to study Safe City technologies and public safety infrastructure.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Dubai police visit Bengaluru to study Safe City technologies
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/dubai-police-visit-bengaluru-to-study-safe-city-technologies/articleshow/128433367.cms
|website=The Times of India
|access-date=21 January 2026
}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Bengaluru City Police}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Bangalore topics}}
{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Metropolitan law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:Karnataka Police]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1963]]

Vishvakarma Puja

2026-04-23T14:17:31Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up new info.

{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Vishwakarma Puja
| type = Hinduism
| image = File:Bishwakarma Pooja.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Image of Vishvakarma venerated during Royal Pear
| official_name =
| nickname = Vishvakarma Jayanti
| observedby = Hindus
| litcolor =
| longtype =
| begins =
| ends =
| date = Kanya Sankranti, the last day of [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)]]
| scheduling =
| duration = 1 Day
| frequency = Annual
| week_ordinal = 
| weekday = 
| month = September 
| date2021 =
| date2024 = 17 September
| date2025 = 
| significance = Commemorates the birth anniversary of the god of architects, [[Vishwakarma]]
| celebrations =
| observances =
| relatedto =
}}
{{Short description|Hindu observance}}
{{use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

'''Vishvakarma Puja''' ({{Langx|sa|विश्वकर्मापूजा|translit=Viśvakarmāpūjā}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&dq=vishvakarmapuja%3D&pg=PA137 |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |date=2010 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6 |pages=137 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] observance dedicated to [[Vishvakarma]], the architect of the gods.<ref name="Melton2011">{{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC&pg=PA908 |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |date=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-205-0 |pages=908–}}</ref>

It falls on the date of Kanya Sankranti of the [[Hindu calendar]]. It is generally celebrated every year between 16 and 18 September,<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2024 |title=Vishwakarma Puja will be celebrated in the month of September, know the method of worship |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/religion/vishwakarma-puja-2024-date-shubh-muhurat-and-importance |access-date=11 September 2024 |work=Prabhat Khabar}}</ref> according to the [[Gregorian calendar]], the last few days of the Hindu [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]] month.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McDermott |first=Rachel Fell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCA2AX97EOcC&dq=Vi%C5%9Bvakarm%C4%81+p%C5%ABj%C4%81&pg=PA244 |title=Revelry, Rivalry, and Longing for the Goddesses of Bengal: The Fortunes of Hindu Festivals |date=2011-05-31 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-52787-3 |pages=244 |language=en}}</ref> The festival is also celebrated in [[Nepal]]. Vishvakarma Puja is also celebrated a day after [[Diwali]], along with [[Govardhan Puja]] in October–November.<ref name="Gupta2010">{{cite book |author=Shobna Gupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADZuyFfRcMYC&pg=PA84 |title=Festivals Of India |date=2010 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1277-9 |pages=84–}}</ref>

== Significance ==
Vishvakarma is considered to be the divine architect of the universe and the personification of divine creativity in the ''[[Rig Veda|Rigveda]]''. He is credited with the construction of the city of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]] for [[Krishna]], the palace of [[Indraprastha]] for the [[Pandavas]], and many fabulous weapons for the hindu gods, such as the [[Sudarshana Chakra]] of [[Vishnu]], the [[trishula]] of [[Shiva]], and the [[Vel|lance]] of [[Kartikeya]]. He is also regarded to have authored the ''[[Sthapatya Veda]]'', the science of mechanics and architecture. He is regarded to be the patron deity of all craftsmen, with implements of trade often venerated in his honour on the occasion of Vishvakarma Puja.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mfTE6kpz6XEC&pg=PA360 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses |date=1998 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7625-039-9 |pages=359 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Garg |first=Gaṅgā Rām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&dq=Vi%C5%9Bvakarm%C4%81+p%C5%ABj%C4%81&pg=PA51 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-374-0 |pages=51 |language=en}}</ref>

== Practices ==
The festival is observed primarily in factories and industrial areas, often on the shop floor. The day is marked by artisans, craftsmen, mechanics, smiths, welders, industrial workers, factory workers, engineers, architects, and other workers. Adherents pray for a better future, safe working conditions and, above all, success in their respective fields. Workers also pray for the smooth functioning of various machines. The workers associate their workmanship with the concept of ''[[shakti]]'' (power), and sometimes see themselves as the children of Vishvakarma.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Korom |first1=Frank J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xIFEAAAQBAJ&dq=vishwakarma+puja&pg=PT122 |title=South Asian Folklore in Transition: Crafting New Horizons |last2=Lowthorp |first2=Leah K. |date=2020-05-21 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-75381-7 |pages=122 |language=en}}</ref> Shrines for the deity are constructed in parts of the workspace for the veneration of tools and machines associated with the line of work.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hawkesworth |first1=Mary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CRkKAgAAQBAJ&dq=vishwakarma+puja&pg=PT2241 |title=Encyclopedia of Government and Politics: 2-volume set |last2=Kogan |first2=Maurice |date=2013-11-07 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-91339-6 |pages=2241 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Prasada]]'' is often distributed among the workers after offering veneration to the deity for his grace.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohapatra |first=J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0aVAgAAQBAJ&dq=vishwakarma+puja&pg=PA147 |title=Wellness in Indian Festivals & Rituals: Since the Supreme Divine Is Manifested in All the Gods, Worship of Any God Is Quite Legitimate. |date=2013-12-24 |publisher=Partridge Publishing |isbn=978-1-4828-1689-1 |pages=147 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Biswakarma.jpg|thumb|Image of Vishvakarma, Bengal]]
In many parts of India, there is a government holiday on 17 September for the occasion, but it is not considered as a national holiday but as a "restricted holiday", whereas in Nepal, there is a full government holiday on this day.

==References==
<references />

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bajpai |first=Lopamudra Maitra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yg8HEAAAQBAJ |title=India, Sri Lanka and the SAARC Region: History, Popular Culture and Heritage |date=2020 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-20581-7 |language=en |chapter=Celebrations of Vishwakarma Puja |via=Google Books}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Narayan |first1=Kirin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPmADwAAQBAJ |title=Religion and Technology in India: Spaces, Practices and Authorities |last2=George |first2=Kenneth M. |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-20477-4 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Chapter 1. Vishwakarma |editor-last2=Myrvold |editor-first2=Kristina |via=Google Books}}
{{Bengali Hindu people}}

[[Category:Hindu holy days]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:September observances]]
[[Category:October observances]]
[[Category:November observances]]


[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]

Ajay Vishnoi

2026-04-23T07:56:53Z

DesireeTietjen: Pg

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Patan, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Patan, Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2008
| term_end = 2013
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Sobaran Singh
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency_AM =
| constituency1 = [[Patan, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Patan, Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 2018
| predecessor1 = Neelesh Awasthi
}}
'''Ajay Vishnoi''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a three time [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]], [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]], and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Patan, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patan assembly election results 2023: Patan Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/patan-assembly-result-12095 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patan Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Patan Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/patan-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishnoi, Ajay}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

George J. Mathew

2026-04-19T09:29:06Z

DesireeTietjen: put up data

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1939)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = George J. Mathew
| caption = Headshot of Mr. Mathew for the parliamentary elections<ref name=":0" />
| birth_date = {{ birth date and age|1939|08|03|df= yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kanjirappally]], Kerala, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]
| term = 1991–2006
| constituency = [[Kanjirappally]]
| predecessor = K. J. Thomas
| successor = [[Alphons Kannanthanam]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term2 = 1977·1980
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Kerala Congress]] (Until 1983), [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (Began in 1983)
| spouse = Meera
| children = 3 Sons & 1 Daughter
| date = 20 February
| year = 2021
| source = കേരള നിയമസഭ <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m33.htm | title=Members - Kerala Legislature }}</ref>
| image = George J Mathew Niyamasabha.jpg
}}
[[File:George_J_Mathew.jpg|thumb|263x263px|George J. Mathew]]
'''George J. Mathew''' ({{IPAc-en|'|m|æ|θ|j|uː}} "Matthew"; born 3 August 1939) is an Indian politician and a senior Congress leader from the [[Kottayam district]] who served as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kanjirappally]] from 1991 to 2006 as well as a former [[Lok Sabha]] member.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m165.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921215441/http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m33.htm |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |website=Niyamasabha}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=March 22, 2011 |title=George J Mathew says 'no' to Left diktats |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2011/mar/22/george-j-mathew-says-no-to-left-diktats-237752.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922015254/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2011/mar/22/george-j-mathew-says-no-to-left-diktats-237752.html |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Krishnaraj |first=R. |date=April 12, 2019 |title=Mani's death poses new challenges to his Kerala Congress |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/kerala/top-news/2019/04/12/km-mani-death-kerala-congress-challenges.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922204347/https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/04/12/km-mani-death-kerala-congress-challenges.html |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |website=Manorama}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mr. George was born on August 3, 1939, to K. V. Mathew and Thresyamma Mathew in a village known as "[[Koottickal]]" of the Kanjirapalli taluk within the Kottayam district. He attended the Bangalore European School as well as the [[Loyola College, Chennai|Madras Loyola College]]. His highest qualification is a [[Bachelor's degree]], of a [[Bachelor of Science|Bachelor of Science (BSc)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Members Bioprofile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2455.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171901/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/2455.htm |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Lok Sabha}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Mr. George, who started his political career as a Congress worker, joined the party [[Kerala Congress]] in 1964 when it was formed, but later left the Kerala Congress in 1983 and returned to its parent party, the [[Indian National Congress]], after the splits in the party continued. From 1977 to 1980, he was elected as a member of the Lok Sabha from [[Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Muvattupuzha constituency]]. From 1991 to 2006, he was a Member of Legislative Assembly from Kanjirapally for 15 consecutive years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramshad |first=P. S. |date=November 1, 2020 |title=Mediator Jose K. Mani; More parties to move to the left? |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/reports/2020/nov/01/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D-104101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922071000/https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/malayalam-vaarika/reports/2020/nov/01/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D-%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D-104101.html |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |website=Samakalika Malayalam}}</ref>

'''Political Roles'''

* 1971-1978: Treasurer, Kerala
* 1977-1980: Member of Lok Sabha, Muvattupuzha
* 1977-1979: Kerala Congress, Parliamentary Party Leader, Lok Sabha
* 1980-1983: Chairman, Kerala Congress
* 1983: Return to the Congress party
* 1991–1996, 1996–2001, 2001–2006: Member of Legislative Assembly, Kanjirapally.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jayakumar |first1=V. |date=February 13, 2021 |title=The Kerala Congress flag is flying high in Kanjirapalli |newspaper=Keralakaumudi Daily |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/mobile/news.php?id=490465&u=local-news-kottayam-490465}}</ref>

'''Other Designations'''

* 2003 Director, [[Deepika (newspaper)|Rashtra Deepika]]
* Chairman & MD, State Spices and Leaf Supply Company
* Member of Plantations Labor Committee, Rubber Board, Kanjirapally Rotary Club
* Book Written : "Anubhavangal Adiyozhukkukal"

== Private life ==

* Wife: Meera George
* Children: 3 Sons and 1 Daughter

== Elections participated in ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Elections Participated in
!Year
!Constituency
!Winning candidate
!Party/Affiliation
!Primary Opposition
!Party/Affiliation
!Secondary Opposition
!Party/Affiliation
|-
|1980
|[[Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Muvatupuzha Lok-Sabha Constituency]]
|George Joseph Mundakkal
|[[Independent Candidate]]
|George J. Mathew
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|
|
|-
|1977
|[[Muvattupuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Muvatupuzha Lok-Sabha Constituency]]
|George J. Mathew
|[[Kerala Congress]]
|K. M. Joseph Kuruppamadham
|[[Kangleipak Communist Party|K. C. P]]
|
|
|-
|}
[[File:George J Mathew Interview.png|thumb|Mr. Mathew attending an interview by Kanjirappilly reporters<ref>{{Citation |title=George J. Mathew Interview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jak9DFMmHAk |language=en |access-date=2022-09-25}}</ref>]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathew, George J.}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:India MPs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Mariani Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:48:45Z

DesireeTietjen: put up the details first draft

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| constituency_no = 101
| name = Mariani
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Upper Assam division|Upper Assam]]
| district = [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency|Jorhat]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| type = SLA
| map_image = Mariani Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| mla =
| party =
| latest_election_year =
}}
'''Mariani''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]. Mariani forms part of the [[Jorhat Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="3" |Gajen Tanti
| bgcolor="00BFFF" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
|Siba Buragohain
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Naren Tanti
| bgcolor="#DDDDDD" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Rupam Kurmi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|2004^
|[[Alok Kumar Ghosh]]
| bgcolor="#009900" |
|[[Trinamool Congress|All India Trinamool Congress]]
|-
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| bgcolor="#00BFFF" |
|-
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]^
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]]
|}
^ Indicates Bye-Elections

== Election results ==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Mariani}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr Gyanashree Bora|party=Raijor Dal|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Paresh Borah|votes=|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021 by-election===
{{Election box begin |title=2021 Assam Legislative Assembly By-Election: Mariani}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate =[[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
|votes = 55,489
|percentage = 62.38
|change = +15.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Luhit Konwar
|votes = 15,385
|percentage = 17.3
|change = -31.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Raijor Dal
|candidate = Sanjib Gogoi
|votes = 15,192
|percentage = 17.08
|change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate =[[None of the Above]]
|votes = 1,515
|percentage = 1.7
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Assam Sangrami Mancha
|candidate = Gopal Chandra Ghatuwar
|votes = 1,372
|percentage = 1.54
|change = New
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 40,104
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 88,953
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Mariani<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate =[[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
|votes = 47,308
|percentage = 49%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramani Tanti
|votes = 44,862
|percentage = 47%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 40,104
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Mariani, Jorhat|Mariani]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
|votes = 36,701
|percentage = 40.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = [[Alok Kumar Ghosh]]
|votes = 34,908
|percentage = 38.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dulen Nayak
|votes = 14,602
|percentage = 16.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jintu Hazarika
|votes = 1,954
|percentage = 4.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,613
|percentage = 1.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Diganta Phukan
|votes = 770
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,793
|percentage = 1.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 90,548
|percentage = 84.85
|change =
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Mariani, Jorhat|Mariani]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rupjyoti Kurmi]]
|votes = 35,754
|percentage = 46.93
|change = +3.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Alok Kumar Ghosh]]
|votes = 28,696
|percentage = 37.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Santanu Kumar Gogoi
|votes = 3,376
|percentage = 4.43
|change =-2.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Dulen Nayak
|votes = 3,961
|percentage = 5.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Sanjib Gogoi
|votes = 3,320
|percentage = 4.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = June Tanti
|votes = 1,071
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 7,058
|percentage = 9.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 76,178
|percentage = 73.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1972===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Mariani, Jorhat|Mariani]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Gajen Tanti
|votes = 17,949
|percentage = 72.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jisan Mipun
|votes = 5,682
|percentage = 22.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Deben Gogoi
|votes = 1,089
|percentage = 4.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 12,267
|percentage = 49.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 24,720
|percentage = 55.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 46,900
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Jorhat district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]

Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah

2026-04-12T14:39:37Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up new info.

{{Short description|Pakistani writer}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah
| image = Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah, {{circa|1970}}
| native_name = জেবুন্নেসা হামিদুল্লাহ
| native_name_lang = bn
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1918|12|25}}<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/nat10.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020225122550/http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/nat10.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2002 |author=M.H. Askari|title=Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah passes away |publisher=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=12 September 2000|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day Kolkata, [[West Bengal]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|9|10|1918|12|25}}<ref name=Dawn/>
| death_place = [[Karachi]], Pakistan
| occupation = Writer, journalist, publisher
| spouse = K. M. Hamidullah<ref name=Dawn/>
}}

'''Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah''' ({{langx|bn|জেবুন্নেসা হামিদুল্লাহ}}, {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|زیب النساء حمیداللہ}}}}; 25 December 1918 – 10 September 2000) was a Pakistani writer and journalist.{{NoteTag|Various transliterations exist such as '''Zeb-un-Nissa, Zaibunnissa, Zaibun Nisa, Zaibunisa, Zaib-un-Nisa, Zebunnissa, Zeb-un-Nisa'''}} [[Begum]] Hamidullah was a pioneer of [[Pakistani literature]] and journalism in English, and also of [[feminism]] in Pakistan. She was Pakistan's first female editor and publisher, and the country's first female columnist writing in English. [[Zaibunnisa Street]] in [[Karachi]] was named after her.<ref name=Dawn/><ref name=Dawn1>{{cite news|url=https://epaper.dawn.com/print-textview.php?StoryImage=16_12_2017_708_001|title=A sisterhood with nerves of steel|publisher=Dawn|location=Pakistan|author=Naziha Syed Ali|date=16 December 2017|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-date=10 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410071943/https://epaper.dawn.com/print-textview.php?StoryImage=16_12_2017_708_001|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Before [[Partition of India|independence]] in 1947, she wrote for many Indian newspapers, and was the first Muslim woman to write a column in an Indian newspaper. After independence, her column in the newspaper ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'' made her the first female political commentator in Pakistan. After she left ''Dawn'', she became the founder and editor-publisher of the ''[[Mirror (Pakistani magazine)|Mirror]]'', the first social glossy magazine in Pakistan.<ref name=Dawn/> Due to her status as Pakistan's first female editor, she became the first woman to be included in press delegations sent to other countries. On one of these delegations, in 1955, she became the first woman to speak at the ancient [[al-Azhar University]] in [[Cairo]], Egypt.<ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news |title=Begum Zaibunnissa Hamidullah |url=http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/ed.htm#2 |work=Dawn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041201155957/http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/ed.htm#2 |archive-date=1 December 2004 |access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref> She also repeatedly represented Pakistan at the [[United Nations]], including by serving as the deputy chief of the Pakistani delegation to the special 1970 session.

==Early life==
Zaib-un-Nissa was born in 1918 to a literary family in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. Her father, [[S. Wajid Ali]], was the first person to translate the writings of the well-known [[Urdu]] poet [[Muhammad Iqbal]] into [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and was an avid [[Bengali people|Bengali]] and Indian nationalist and writer. She had two brothers, and one half-brother from her mother's second marriage. She grew up in a tightly knit [[Anglo-Indian]] household filled with Bengali thinkers and philosophers of the age, as her father's house at 48, Jhowtalla Road, was something of a meeting place for the Calcutta literary circle. She started to write at an early age, and received considerable support from both her English mother and Bengali father. A lonely child, Zeb-un-Nissa took to writing poetry as a means to express her thoughts and emotions. Her later writing was affected by her trips to rural areas of Bengal and the Punjab, including her father's birthplace, the Bengal village of Borotajpur (a village near Janai, Hooghly). She was educated at the [[Loreto Schools, Kolkata|Loreto House Convent]], where she completed her Senior Cambridge qualifications. She published her first poem in ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]'' in 1933, at age 15. At 18, she won a poetry competition sponsored by England's ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' for a poem she had published in ''[[The Star (Pakistan)|The Star of India]]'' − a publication that later became part of the [[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] group of papers, for which she eventually wrote.

==Marriage==
[[File:Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah Young.jpg|254px|thumb|right|Zeb-un-Nissa Hamidullah, just after her marriage.]]
In 1940, Zaib-un-Nissa married Khalifa Muhammad Hamidullah. Unlike most marriages of the time, hers was not an [[arranged marriage]]. She moved with him to the Punjab Province after their marriage. He worked there as an executive for the [[Bata Shoes|Bata]] shoe company. During [[Partition of India|independence]] in 1947, she and her husband helped refugees coming across the border from India.

Her husband belonged to a well-known Punjabi family. His father, [[Khalifa Mohammad Asadullah]], was the librarian of the [[National Library of India|Imperial Library]] in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Hamidullah was the head of Bata's operations in Pakistan, and was sent to head Bata in Ireland in 1972.<ref name=Dawn/>

All of her books were dedicated to him, proof of their devotion to one another. They had two children, Nilofar (b. 1943) and Yasmine (b. 1949), and six grandchildren, including journalist Akbar Shahid Ahmed.

After moving to the Punjab in 1942, Zaib-un-Nissa was shocked. Raised in an Anglo-Indian household, she found it hard to adjust to the very different lifestyle of her husband's large Punjabi family. It took time for her to adjust, as she admitted in the foreword to ''The Young Wife''.

==Career==

===1936–1943===
Zaib-un-Nissa first came into prominence in 1936, when a poem of hers was accepted for publication by [[Bombay]]'s ''[[Illustrated Weekly of India]]''.<ref name=Dawn/> From then on, she was a regular contributor to that newspaper, until independence in 1947. In 1943, her first book of poetry, ''Indian Bouquet'', was published by her father's publishing house and proved to be very popular. All copies of the first edition were sold in three months. She followed up on her early success with ''Lotus Leaves'', another book of poetry.

===1944–1946===
In 1945, Zaib-un-Nissa and her husband were in Simla at the time of the [[Simla Conference]]. It was here that she met [[Fatima Jinnah]]. They became friends, and Jinnah soon managed to get her an exclusive interview with her brother, [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. This was a landmark in the young Zaib-un-Nissa's career, and it brought her India-wide fame. Her stories, poems and articles also began to bring her more fame around this time.

===1947–1951===
After independence in 1947, Zaib-un-Nissa decided to work in the field of journalism, and soon established herself as an outspoken writer in her column "Thru a Woman's Eyes", in the Karachi daily newspaper ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''.<ref name=Dawn2/> This column began in December 1947. After some time, she rebelled against the limited scope of the feature, declaring that women should have the right to comment on every subject, including politics. Altaf Husain, then editor of ''Dawn'', eventually agreed to give her a wider scope. He recognised the merit of her work by giving her a new assignment – that of a columnist appearing on the editorial page. Zaib-un-Nissa became the first female political commentator of Pakistan. Her column established her reputation as an honest columnist who was not afraid to voice her opinions. It was also a huge step for the [[women's rights]] movement in Pakistan.<ref name=Dawn/>

===1951–1956===
In 1951, she left ''Dawn'', after editor [[Altaf Husain]] demanded that she focus her writing on "issues relating to women," an apparent reference to an earlier message in which he suggested she write about "cooking, child-rearing, and other matters of feminine concern." Hamidullah founded a monthly magazine called the ''[[Mirror (Pakistani magazine)|Mirror]]'', and became its editor and publisher in 1952.<ref name=Dawn/> She became a businesswoman as well as the first female editor and publisher in the nation. Her glossy social pictorial, with its courageous and sincere editorials, was an instant success.<ref name=Dawn/>

The ''Mirror'' became very popular, and Zaib-un-Nissa soon became quite famous as a journalist and editor. The Pakistani government included her in numerous press delegations during this period.

She was one of the founding members of the [[Pakistani Working Women's Association]], as well as a close friend of [[Fatima Jinnah]], sister of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], and [[Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]], wife of Pakistan's first prime minister, [[Liaquat Ali Khan]]. Some of her other friends were: [[Hakeem Muhammad Saeed|Hakeem Saeed]], Salima Ahmed, [[Ardeshir Cowasjee]], [[Syed Hashim Raza]] and Jahanara Habibullah, the mother of [[Muneeza Shamsie]].

She was a founder member of the Karachi branch of [[Business and Professional Women's Foundation]], and served as its first chapter-president. She held this position for two consecutive terms. She was also the first president of the ''Women's International Club'' of Karachi, a member of the Horticultural Society, and first woman-president of the Flower Show Committee. Another organisation Hamidullah played an important role in was the [[All Pakistan Women's Association]], founded by her friend Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan.<ref name=Dawn/>

In 1955, as part of a press delegation to Cairo, she became the first woman to speak at the ancient [[Al-Azhar University]]. Her speech was controversial, as she discussed Pakistan's Kashmir issue. However, it was a great distinction for her.<ref name=Dawn2/>

In 1956, Zaib-un-Nissa wrote a travelogue entitled ''Sixty Days in America'', about her trip to the US as part of a World Leaders Program, during which she befriended people like [[Marilyn Monroe]] and [[Jean Negulesco]], and appeared on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''. This travelogue consisted of columns she had written for a newspaper, ''The Times of Karachi'', during her trip. The editor, [[ZA Suleri]], gave her permission to reprint the columns in book form as a travelogue which she did.

The following year, she represented Pakistan at the United Nations sponsored seminar on Civic Responsibilities and Increased Participation of Asian Women in Public Life.

===Ban on the ''Mirror''===
In 1957, her outspoken criticism of the harsh regime of Major-General [[Iskander Mirza]], and the forced resignation of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], culminated in a six-month government ban on the ''[[Mirror (Pakistani magazine)|Mirror]]'', issued on 9 November. This ban, she was privately informed, would be withdrawn if she publicly apologised. She refused to do this and, on the advice of the well-known lawyer [[A.K. Brohi]], appealed to the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]].<ref name=Dawn/>

After Brohi's intervention on her behalf, the Supreme Court passed judgement in her favour(cited as PLD 1958 SC 35), it was a petition under Article 22 of the Constitution of 1956 and was directly entertained by Supreme Court. Through this judgment Section 8 of the Security of Pakistan 1952 was declared violative of fundamental rights as it does not qualify the restriction but leaves it to the discretion of the government. Holding the order of the Central Government illegal and unconstitutional, the government awarded her the costs of petition to Zaib-un-Nissa. This incident made journalistic history, and gave her the distinction of being the first woman journalist to have won a case in the Supreme Court.<ref name=Dawn/>

===1958–1961===
In 1958, she published an anthology of her short stories, ''The Young Wife and Other Stories'', which was so popular that second and third editions were printed in 1971 and 1987 respectively. Eminent critics, from newspapers and periodicals both Pakistani and foreign, called some of the stories in it "...the most significant literary productions of Pakistan". It was during this period that her editorials started to become a major feature of the ''Mirror'', and this increased the popularity of both her and her magazine.

In April 1961, Zaib-un-Nissa opened her own publishing house: Mirror Press. Mirror Press, and its subsidiary, Mirror Publications, were charged with printing the Mirror from 1961 onwards. They also did other jobs, but the publishing house remained small.

===The 1960s===
The ''Mirror'' became a highly controversial magazine in the '60s, mainly due to Zaib-un-Nissa's editorials, which were highly critical of the government's authoritarian form of rule. As her magazine became and more and more risqué, Zaib-un-Nissa began to feel that she and her family could soon be in danger. Highly critical of [[Ayub Khan]] and his government, Zaib-un-Nissa dropped out of governmental favour. As such, the ''Mirror'' lost government advertisements and patronage.<ref name=Dawn2/>

During this period, she wrote a series of very critical editorials about Ayub Khan's style of government, starting with "Please, Mr. President!", a very emotional open letter in which she pleaded with him to stop ordering the police to harm students taking part in demonstrations. After Khan replied to the first editorial with a letter in which he dismissed Zaib-un-Nissa as "rashly emotional", the tension steadily increased. The ''Mirror'' came close to being banned many times, and was actually banned twice. However, this period of her career came to a climax in the February 1969 edition of the ''Mirror'', in which she published both "Please Mr. President!" and a new editorial, "No, thank you, Sir!". She claimed that the situation had not improved and that "Pakistanis from Peshawar to Chittagong are crying 'out with Ayub!'".

Ayub Khan soon abdicated, ironically doing exactly what she had advised him to do. However, she continued to write critical editorials whenever she felt the government was in need of a rebuke. She also officially began using the name "Zaib-un-Nissa" rather than "Zeb-un-Nissa" in this period to emphasize the correct pronunciation of her Persian name.

===1969–1971===
Zaib-un-Nissa was Deputy Leader of the Pakistani delegation to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] from 1970 to 1971. In 1971, after civil unrest and the subsequent independence of Bangladesh, Zaib-un-Nissa sent a telegram congratulating the new government but chose to remain in Pakistan.

In 1971, Zaib-un-Nissa's husband was transferred to Ireland, to head Bata operations there. As neither of her two daughters was willing to take over the magazine, she closed it down, and sold off her publishing house, Mirror Press.<ref name=Dawn2/>

===1971–1979===
For most of the 1970s, she and her husband lived in Dublin, Ireland, where he had been transferred. Zaib-un-Nissa put her career on hold to be with her husband, and visited Pakistan regularly. She returned near the end of the decade and began writing a column entitled "Thinking Aloud" for the Pakistani magazine ''MAG'', part of the large [[Jang Group]].

===1980–1983===
In the early 1980s, she served as president of the [[All Pakistan Women's Association]] (APWA), an organisation she had played a major role in since its inception. Still writing columns for the ''Morning News'' of Karachi, she continued to comment on the socio-political aspects of Pakistani society. However, she was becoming increasingly reclusive.

===Retirement===
In 1983, Zaib-un-Nissa's husband had a heart attack, and he died the next year. On the day of his funeral, she wrote what was to become the most famous article of her later career. This introspective piece was published in the ''Morning News'' the day after her husband's death.

She was plunged into sadness following her husband's death, and soon retired from an active writing life. Disenchanted with the new generation of Pakistanis, Zaib-un-Nissa fell into seclusion and soon moved in with her daughter, choosing to spend her remaining years with her family. She retired from an active career, and only wrote occasional articles during the 1980s.

In 1987, however, she was plunged into the public eye once again, when her book of short stories, ''The Young Wife and Other Stories'', was republished due to popular demand. Yet this late fame did not last very long, and she soon went back into seclusion.

==Death==
Zaib-un-Nissa died on 10 September 2000, at the age of 81. She had been rushed to the hospital on the 9th, but died in the early hours of the 10th, due to water in her lungs.

An obituary in 'Dawn' newspaper said, "even her detractors admired her for the courage of conviction and the strength of character she displayed throughout her life." Another newspaper obituary said, "She will be long remembered for her pioneering role in a certain genre of journalism in Pakistan, and as a powerful and courageous writer."<ref name=Dawn/>

In the 1960s, the government named a major street in the [[Saddar|Karachi city centre]] after her: [[Zaibunnisa Street]].<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/news/1233680 This week 50 years ago: Parking on Elphinstone Street made punishable] Dawn (newspaper), Updated 18 January 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2018</ref>

===Legacy===
After Zaib-un-Nissa's death, her [[copyright]] passed to her younger daughter, Yasmine S. Ahmed. This included the right to all her pictures, works, etc. Due to popular demand, a fourth edition of ''The Young Wife and Other Stories'' was published by [[Oxford University Press]], Pakistan in August 2008.

==Bibliography==
* ''Indian Bouquet'', 1941 – Gulistan Publishing House, Calcutta.
* ''Lotus Leaves'', 1946 – The Lion Press, Lahore.
* ''Sixty Days in America'', 1956 (2nd edition: 1957) – Mirror Publications, Karachi.
* ''The Young Wife'', 1958 (2nd edition: 1971; 3rd edition: 1987; 4th edition: 2008, by Oxford University Press) – Mirror Publications, Karachi.
* ''The Flute of Memory'', 1964 – Mirror Publications, Karachi.
* ''Poems'', 1972 – Mirror Publications, Karachi.

==See also==
*[[List of Pakistani journalists]]
*[[List of Pakistani writers]]

==Notes==
{{notefoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite book
| last =Shamsie
| first =Muneeza
| authorlink =Muneeza Shamsie
| year =1997
| title =A Dragonfly in the Sun: An Anthology of Pakistani Writing in English
| url =https://archive.org/details/dragonflyinsun00sham
| url-access =registration
| publisher =Oxford University Press
| location =Karachi
| isbn =978-0-19-577784-0
}}

*{{cite book
| last =Niazi
| first =Zamir
| authorlink=Zamir Niazi
| year =1986
| title =The Press in Chains
| publisher =Royal Book Company
| location =Karachi
}}

*{{cite book
| last =Rahman
| first =Tariq
| year =1991
| title =A History of Pakistani Literature in English
| publisher =Vanguard
| location =Lahore
}}

*{{cite book
| last =Hamidullah
| first =Zaib-un-Nissa
| authorlink =Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah
| year =1958
| title =The Young Wife and Other Stories
| publisher =Mirror Publications
| location =Karachi
}}

*{{cite book
| last =Hamidullah
| first =Zaib-un-Nissa
| authorlink =Zaib-un-Nissa Hamidullah
| year =1972
| title =Poems
| publisher =Mirror Publications
| location =Karachi
}}

*{{cite news
|first=Akhtar
|last=Ispahani
|title=Through The Looking-Glass
|work=Newsline
|pages=141–144
|date=1 August 1997
}}

*{{cite news
| first=Asif
| last=Noorani
| title=Zaib-un-Nisa Hamidullah: Mirror to the past
| work=The Review
| publisher=Dawn Group
| pages= 20–22
| date=21 May 1997
}}

*{{cite book
| title =The Mirror
| year=1951–1972
| publisher =Mirror Publications
| location =Karachi
}}
*{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/ed.htm#2 |title=Begum Zaibunnissa Hamidullah |work=Dawn |type=Editorial |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041201155957/http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/12/ed.htm#2 |archive-date=1 December 2004 }}
*{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/18/letted.htm#13 |title=Begum Hamidullah |work=Dawn |type=Letter to the editor |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010503131844/http://www.dawn.com/2000/09/18/letted.htm#13 |archive-date=3 May 2001}}
*[http://www.oup.com.pk/shopexd.asp?id=1394 The Young Wife and Other Stories, Oxford University Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005000745/http://www.oup.com.pk/shopexd.asp?id=1394 |date=5 October 2011 }}
{{Dawn}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamidullah, Zaib-un-Nissa}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Dawn (newspaper) people]]
[[Category:English-language Pakistani poets]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of English descent]]
[[Category:Pakistani feminist writers]]
[[Category:Pakistani magazine editors]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Bengali descent]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]
[[Category:Pakistani journalists]]
[[Category:Pakistani columnists]]
[[Category:Pakistani women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Pakistani women columnists]]
[[Category:20th-century journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]

R. K. Mathur

2026-04-11T20:10:09Z

DesireeTietjen: new basic post more to come...

{{short description|1st Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. K. Mathur
| image = R. K. Mathur.png
| caption = Official Portrait, 2019
| predecessor = ''position created''
| successor = [[B. D. Mishra]]
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]] [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| term = 31 October 2019 - 12 February 2023
| office = 1st [[List of lieutenant governors of Ladakh|Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh]]
| predecessor3 = Shekhar Aggarwal
| office1 = 8th [[Chief Information Commissioner of India]]
| term_start1 = 4 January 2016
| term_end1 = 24 November 2018
| predecessor1 = [[Vijai Sharma]]
| successor1 = [[Sudhir Bhargava]]
| office2 = [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]] of [[India]]
| president2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| order2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Shashi Kant Sharma]]
| successor2 = [[G. Mohan Kumar]]
| term_end2 = 24 May 2015
| term_start2 = 25 May 2013
| successor3 = G.C. Pati
| birth_name = Radha Krishna Mathur
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|11|25}}
| birth_place = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Poonam Mathur|1980}}
| relations =
| children = Purvi Mathur, Prasun Mathur
| alma_mater = [[IIT Kanpur]] [[IIT Delhi]] [[International Center for Promotion of Enterprises]]
| occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service|Retired IAS officer]]
| office3 = [[Secretary to Government of India|Defence Production Secretary]] of [[India]]
| term_end3 = 24 May 2013
| term_start3 = 1 October 2012
| office4 = [[Secretary to Government of India|Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Secretary]] of [[India]]
| term_end4 = 30 September 2012
| term_start4 = 9 November 2011
| office5 = [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Tripura]]
| term_end5 = 22 October 2006
| term_start5 = 22 December 2003
}}

'''Radha Krishna Mathur''' (born 25 November 1953) is a retired Indian [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS officer]] and Indian bureaucrat, who served as the 1st [[List of lieutenant governors of Ladakh|Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh]] from 2019 to 2023. He retired as the [[Chief Information Commissioner of India|Chief Information Commissioner]] of India (CIC) in November 2018.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/ensure-cic-is-free-from-govt-interference-acharyulu-writes-to-president-kovind/article25710341.ece|title=Ensure CIC is free from govt interference}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/after-sc-rap-centre-appoints-ex-defence-secretary-mathur-as-new-cic/|title=R. K. Mathur set to be new Chief Information Commissioner|last=Yadav|first=Shyamlal|date=19 December 2015|website=[[The Indian Express]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Hindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rk-mathur-appointed-as-cic/article8004907.ece|title=R. K. Mathur appointed as CIC|date=18 December 2015|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-defence-secretary-RK-Mathur-appointed-new-CIC/articleshow/50240558.cms|title=Former defence secretary R. K. Mathur appointed new CIC|date=19 December 2015|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2017}}</ref> Mathur had retired as the India's [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], two years after being appointed to the post on 25 May 2013.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He was also the [[Secretary to Government of India|Defence Production Secretary]] of India, [[Secretary to Government of India|Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Secretary]] of India and the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Government of Tripura|Tripura]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Education ==
Mathur is a [[Bachelor of Technology]] in [[mechanical engineering]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur|IIT Kanpur]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=14120&PageId=|title=Radha Krishna Mathur - Executive Record Sheet|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cic.gov.in/node/2480|title=Chief Information Commissioner - Shri Radha Krishna Mathur (Profile)|website=[[Central Information Commission]] of India|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref> [[Master of Engineering|Master of Technology]] in [[Industrial engineering|Industrial Engineering]] from [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|IIT Delhi]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He also holds an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA degree]] from [[International Center for Promotion of Enterprises]] (ICPE), [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]].<ref name=":1" />

== Career ==

=== As an IAS officer ===
Apart from serving as the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Union Defence Secretary]], RK Mathur served in various key positions for both [[Government of India|Union]] and [[Government of Tripura|Tripura governments]], like as the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Government of Tripura|Tripura]], [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Finance), Principal Secretary (Agriculture), Principal Secretary (Rural Development), Resident Commissioner of [[Government of Tripura|Tripura]], Commissioner of Revenue, Commissioner of Panchayats, CEO of [[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]], and as the [[District Collector (India)|District Magistrate and Collector]] of [[West Tripura district]] in the [[Government of Tripura|Tripura Government]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and as the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Defence Production Secretary]], [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Secretary]], Special Secretary in [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], Development Commissioner in [[Ministry of Textiles]], and as the Chief Enforcement Officer in [[Ministry of Textiles]] in the [[Government of India|Union Government]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Mathur also served as the [[Private Secretary]], on separate occasions, to [[Cabinet Minister (India)|Ministers]] of [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs]] and [[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting]].<ref name=":0" />

==== Chief Secretary of Tripura ====
RK Mathur was appointed the Chief Secretary of [[Government of Tripura|Tripura]] by the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tripura|Chief Minister of Tripura]] in December 2003,<ref name=":0" /> he assumed the office of the Chief Secretary of the state on 22 December 2003 and demitted it on 22 October 2006,<ref name=":0" /> serving as the state's top [[bureaucrat]] for almost three years.<ref name=":0" />

==== Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Secretary ====
Mathur was appointed the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Secretary]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) in November 2011,<ref name=":0" /> he assumed the office on 9 November 2011 and demitted it on 30 September 2012.<ref name=":0" />

==== Defence Production Secretary ====
Mathur was appointed the [[Secretary to Government of India|Union Defence Production Secretary]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) in September 2012,<ref name=":0" /> he assumed the office on 1 October 2012 and demitted it on 24 May 2013.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Defence Secretary RK Mathur inspects the Guard of Honour at the commisssioning of ICGS Rajveer.jpg|left|thumb|310x310px|Radha Krishna Mathur, as [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], inspecting the Guard of Honour at the commissioning of ICGS Rajveer.]]
[[File:Defence Secretary RK Mathur, and CNS Admiral RK Dhowan during the Golden Jubilee celebration of the DND.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Radha Krishna Mathur (extreme-left) with the [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] [[Admiral]] [[Robin K. Dhowan]] (center-right) during the Golden Jubilee celebration of the Directorate of Naval Design (DND).]]

==== Defence Secretary ====
Mathur was appointed the [[Defence Secretary (India)|Union Defence Secretary]] by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) in May 2013 for a fixed tenure of two years.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/RK-Mathur-appointed-as-defence-secretary/articleshow/20263260.cms|title=RK Mathur appointed as defence secretary|date=25 May 2013|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/FM5d81zI12NmADAw1OJEuK/RK-Mathur-appointed-as-defence-secretary.html|title=R.K. Mathur appointed as defence secretary|date=24 May 2013|website=Livemint|publisher=[[HT Media Ltd]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rk-mathur-appointed-as-defence-secretary-523252|title=RK Mathur appointed as Defence Secretary|date=24 May 2013|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=9 January 2018|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> He assumed the office of [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]] on 25 May 2013 and demitted it and simultaneously [[Pension|superannuated]] from the service on 24 May 2015.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

[[File:The Permanent Secretary of Defence, Thailand, General Sirichai Distakul calls on the Defence Secretary, Shri R.K. Mathur, in New Delhi on March 26, 2015.jpg|thumb]]

=== Chief Information Commissioner ===
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee, at the swearing-in ceremony of Shri R.K. Mathur as Chief Information Commissioner, in New Delhi on January 04, 2016.png|thumb|250px|Swearing-in ceremony of R.K. Mathur as Chief Information Commissioner, in New Delhi]]

RK Mathur was appointed the Chief Information Commissioner of India (CIC), heading the [[Central Information Commission]] (CIC), by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] (ACC) on 18 December 2015.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Hindu1" /><ref name=":3" /> He took oath as the Chief Information Commissioner on 5 January 2016. He retired from the post on 24 November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/RK-Mathur-takes-oath-as-new-CIC/article13980793.ece|title=RK Mathur takes oath as new CIC|date=4 January 2016|website=[[The Hindu]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-defence-secretay-rk-mathur-takes-oath-as-new-cic/articleshow/50437368.cms|title=Former Defence Secretay RK Mathur takes oath as new CIC|date=4 January 2016|website=[[The Economic Times]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/ex-def-secy-rk-mathur-takes-oath-as-new-cic-482493-2016-01-04|title=Ex-def secy RK Mathur takes oath as new CIC|date=4 January 2016|website=[[India Today]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Lieutenant Governorship (2019 - 2023)==
Radha Krishna Mathur was appointed to be the first Lieutenant Governor of [[Ladakh]] by the President of India on 25 October 2019. He was formally sworn in on 31 October 2019 when the [[Ladakh|Union Territory of Ladakh]] came into existence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/radha-krishna-mathur-to-be-lg-of-ladakh-all-you-need-to-know-about-him-1612976-2019-10-25|title=Radha Krishna Mathur to be LG of Ladakh: All you need to know about him|date=25 October 2019|website=India Today|access-date=2019-10-26}}</ref> On 12 February 2023, [[B D Mishra]] succeeded him.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=''None'' Union Territory created}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of lieutenant governors of Ladakh|Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh]]|years=31 October 2019 - Present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-end}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=14120&PageId= Executive Record Sheet as maintained by Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India]
* [http://cic.gov.in/node/2480 Profile at Central Information Commission website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathur, R. K.}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Defence secretaries of India]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lieutenant governors of Ladakh]]
[[Category:District magistrate]]

Kalabhavan Haneef

2026-04-10T00:39:43Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up data.

{{Short description|Indian actor (died 2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{sources|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalabhavan Haneef
| image = Kalabhavan Haneef.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1959 or 1960
| birth_place = [[Mattancherry]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and given age|df=yes|2023|11|09|63}}
| death_place = [[Kochi]], Kerala, India
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Actor
* impressionist
}}
| years active = 1991{{En dash}}2023
| spouse = Waheeda
| children = 2
}}

'''Kalabhavan Haneef''' (1959 or 1960 – 9 November 2023) was an Indian actor and [[Impressionist (entertainment)|impressionist]] in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He made his debut with the film ''Cheppukilukkana Changathi'' (1991).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Malayalam actor Kalabhavan Haneef passes away |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2023/11/09/malayalam-actor-kalabhavan-haneef-63-who-was-part-of-indias-oscar-entry-2018-passes-away.html |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Haneef started impersonations while in school, and later began his career as a sales person and impressionist. He was closely affiliated with [[Kalabhavan|Cochin Kalabhavan]], which was the starting point for many actors. Haneef also followed the practice of [[Kalabhavan]] alumni by appending the organization's name to his stage name. Haneef excelled in impersonating actors [[Nedumudi Venu]] and [[Raghavan (actor)|Raghavan]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Haneef was very popular in India and abroad because of his stage shows. He played small roles in Malayalam movies, but was more successful in television, playing important roles in serials such as ''[[Minnukettu]], Nadhaswaram, Abi's Corner, Comediyum Mimicsum Pinne Njanum, Manassiloru Mazhavillu,'' and ''Tilana Tilana.''

His debut film was ''Cheppukilukkana Changathi'' (1991). He later acted in more than 150 films.<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life and death ==
Haneef was married to Waheeda, with whom he had two children.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devasankar |first=S. |date=2023-11-09 |title=Malayalam mimicry artist-actor Kalabhavan Haneef passes away at 63 |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/malayalam-mimicry-artist-actor-kalabhavan-haneef-passes-away-at-63-1257492 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109122516/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/malayalam-mimicry-artist-actor-kalabhavan-haneef-passes-away-at-63-1257492 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After two days of hospitalisation for breathing problems, he died in [[Kochi]] on 9 November 2023, at the age of 63.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=Actor Kalabhavan Haneef passes away |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actor-kalabhavan-haneef-passes-away-at-63-1.9058046 |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=T. N. M. |date=2023-11-09 |title=Malayalam actor and mimicry artist Kalabhavan Haneef dies |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/malayalam-actor-and-mimicry-artist-kalabhavan-haneef-dies |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="5" | 1991 || ''Cheppukilukkana Changathi'' || ||<ref name="debut">{{Cite web |title=Celebrities grace wedding of Kalabhavan Haneef's son {{!}} Watch video |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/01/28/kalabhavan-haneef-son-wedding-video-celebrities-dileep-innocent.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sandesham]]'' || ||<ref name="sandesham">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-09 |title=Actor-mimicry artist Kalabhavan Haneef passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/actor-mimicry-artist-kalabhavan-haneef-passes-away-9020425/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Nettippattom]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' || ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''[[Mimics Parade]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1992 || ''[[Kasarkode Khaderbai]]'' || Mimicry artist ||
|-
| ''[[Ellarum Chollanu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Mr. & Mrs'' || Office Staff||
|-
| ''Manthrikacheppu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Congratulations Miss Anitha Menon]]'' || Auto Driver||
|-
| ''[[Pravachakan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Yoddha (1992 film)|Yoddha]]'' || || Cameo in Song
|-
| ''[[My Dear Muthachan]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1994 || ''[[Malappuram Haji Mahanaya Joji]]'' || Khader ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''Vadhu Doctoraanu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[CID Unnikrishnan B.A., B.Ed.]]'' || Postman ||
|-
| rowspan=8 | 1995 || ''[[Mimics Action 500]]'' || Mimicry artist ||
|-
| ''Manikya Chempazhuka'' || ||
|-
| ''Puthukottayile Puthumanavalan'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aadyathe Kanmani]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Tom & Jerry (1996 film)|Tom & Jerry]]'' || Policeman ||
|-
| ''[[Kalamasseriyil Kalyanayogam]]'' || Prathapan ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyanji Anandji (film)|Kalyanji Anandji]]'' || Broker ||
|-
| ''Kidilol Kidilam'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1996 || ''[[Swapna Lokathe Balabhaskaran]]'' || Marriage Broker ||
|-
| ''[[Sathyabhamakkoru Premalekhanam]]'' || Vallyaveedan's right-hand ||
|-
| ''Nandagopante Kusruthikal'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 1997 || ''[[Poonilamazha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Suvarna Simhasanam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[The Good Boys]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 1998 || ''[[Vismayam (1998 film)|Vismayam]]'' || Nalinakshan ||
|-
| ''Gloria Fernandes From USA'' || ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Thenkasipattanam]]'' || Prospective groom ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2001 || ''[[Ee Parakkum Thalika]]'' || Groom ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''Dupe Dupe Dupe'' || ||
|-
| ''Goa'' || ||
|-
| ''Desam'' || ||
|-
| ''Nalacharitham Naalam Divasam'' || ||
|-
| ''Jameendaar'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2002 || ''[[Bamboo Boys]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kunjikoonan (2002 film)|Kunjikoonan]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2003 || ''[[Gramophone (film)|Gramophone]]'' || Union Leader ||
|-
| ''[[C.I.D. Moosa]]'' || House Broker ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2004 || ''Thalamelam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sethurama Iyer CBI]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[C. I. Mahadevan 5 Adi 4 Inchu]]'' || Varkey ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2005 || ''[[Pandippada]]'' || Bhasi's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Kochi Rajavu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ben Johnson (film)|Ben Johnson]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Nerariyan CBI]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2006 || ''[[Pachakuthira]]'' || ATM security ||
|-
| ''[[Kilukkam Kilukilukkam]]'' || Driver ||
|-
| ''[[Thuruppugulan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Bada Dosth]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2007 || ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]'' || Marriage broker ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''[[Inspector Garud]]'' || Auto Driver Ajayan ||
|-
| ''[[Vinodayathra]]'' || Hotel Receptionist||
|-
| ''[[Nagaram (2007 film)|Nagaram]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2008 || ''[[Kerala Police (film)|Kerala Police]]'' || Lodge receptionist ||
|-
| ''[[Annan Thambi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Crazy Gopalan]]'' || Pushpan ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2009 || ''[[Chattambinadu]]'' || Villager ||
|-
| ''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' || Driver ||
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 || ''Kanmazha Peyyum Munpe'' || Gopalan ||
|-
| ''[[Again Kasargod Khader Bhai]]'' || Begger ||
|-
| ''[[Marykkundoru Kunjaadu]]'' || Bus Conductor ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2011 || ''[[Kudumbasree Travels]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Karayilekku Oru Kadal Dooram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maharaja Talkies]]'' || Dubai Abdullah ||
|-
| ''[[Manikyakkallu]]'' || Radhakrishnan ||
|-
| ''[[Seniors (film)|Seniors]]'' || Hostel Security Guard ||
|-
| ''[[Venicile Vyapari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Doctor Love (film)|Doctor Love]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Kottarthil Kutty Bhootham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Killadi Raman]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vellaripravinte Changathi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 2012 || ''[[Thalsamayam Oru Penkutty]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ustad Hotel]]'' || Samu ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''[[Ee Adutha Kaalathu]]'' || Mammootty ||
|-
| ''[[Mallu Singh]]'' || Drunker||
|-
| ''[[Cobra (2012 film)|Cobra]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Idiots (2012 film)|Idiots]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Husbands in Goa]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Scene Onnu Nammude Veedu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Lekshmi Vilasom Renuka Makan Reghuraman'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Chapters (film)|Chapters]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[101 Weddings]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 2013 || ''[[Sound Thoma]]'' || Tea Shop Owner ||
|-
| ''Namboothiri Yuvavu @43'' || Govindan ||
|-
| ''[[Drishyam]]'' || Cinema projector operator ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''Weeping Boy'' || Jose ||
|-
| ''Meow Meow Karimpoocha'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Proprietors: Kammath & Kammath]]'' || Broker ||
|-
| ''[[Nadodimannan]]'' || Vasu ||
|-
| ''[[Romans (2013 film)|Romans]]'' || Lottery Salesman ||
|-
| ''[[Vallatha Pahayan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''On the Way'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=12 | 2014 || ''Thomson Villa'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ulsaha Committee]]'' || ||
|-
| ''You Can Do it'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Praise the Lord (film)|Praise the Lord]]'' || Police constable ||
|-
| ''Malayaalanaadu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kunjananthante Kada]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Seconds (2014 film)|Seconds]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ring Master]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Happy Journey (2014 Malayalam film)|Happy Journey]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Avatharam (2014 Malayalam film)|Avatharam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[100 Degree Celsius]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manglish (film)|Manglish]]'' || Chayakaran Mani ||
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2015 || ''[[Pathemari]]'' || Marriage broker ||
|-
| ''[[Amar Akbar Anthony (2015 film)|Amar Akbar Anthony]]'' || Thattukada owner ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| ''[[Kanthari]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Fireman (film)|Fireman]]'' || Juice seller ||
|-
| ''[[My God (film)|My God]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Aana Mayil Ottakam]]'' || || Segment: Fill in the blanks
|-
| rowspan=6 | 2016 || ''[[Paavada]]'' || Varghese ||
|-
| ''[[Valliyum Thetti Pulliyum Thetti]]'' || Nair ||
|-
| ''[[Marubhoomiyile Aana]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Welcome to Central Jail]]'' || Vishwanath's assistant ||
|-
| ''[[Thoppil Joppan]]'' || Announcer ||
|-
| ''[[Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan]]'' || Sasi/Soman ||<ref name="sandesham"/>
|-
| rowspan=8 | 2017 || ''[[Georgettan's Pooram]]'' || Vareed ||
|-
| ''[[Puthan Panam]]'' || Antappan ||
|-
| ''Pretham Undu Sookshikuka'' || ||
|-
| ''Kuntham'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pullikkaran Staraa]]'' || School teacher ||
|-
| ''[[Sherlock Toms]]'' || Jolly ||
|-
| ''[[Lavakusha]]'' || TTR ||
|-
| ''[[Vimaanam]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
| rowspan=11 | 2018 || ''[[Vikadakumaran]]'' || Sabu ||
|-
| ''[[Parole]]'' || Monis ||
|-
| ''[[Panchavarnathatha]]'' || Jimmy's assistant ||
|-
| ''[[Uncle (2018 film)|Uncle]]'' || Bapputti ||
|-
| ''[[Chanakya Thanthram]]'' || Vishwan ||
|-
| ''[[Ashiq Vanna Divasam]]'' || Mesthri ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Pazhaya Bomb Kadha]]'' || Varkichan ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Kuttanadan Blog]]'' || Varkichan ||
|-
| ''[[Chalakkudykkaran Changathy]]'' || Kannan Unni ||
|-
| ''Nervarennu Immani Cherinjoo Taa...'' || ||
|-
| ''Thanaha'' || Drunk Man||
|-
| rowspan=13 | 2019 || ''[[Kodathi Samaksham Balan Vakeel]]'' || Colony resident ||
|-
| ''[[Neeyum Njanum]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Thelivu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Puzhikkadakan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Oru Pathaam Classile Pranayam'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Isakkinte Ithihasam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Subharathri]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[An International Local Story]]'' || Moideen ||
|-
| ''[[Children's Park (film)|Children's Park]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Sidharthan Enna Njan'' || Thankappan ||
|-
| ''[[Under World]]'' || Barber ||
|-
| ''[[Margamkali (film)|Margamkali]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Driving Licence (film)|Driving Licence]]'' || Pillai ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Dhamaka (2020 film)|Dhamaka]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2021 || ''[[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]'' || Anand's father ||
|-
| ''[[One (2021 film)|One]]'' || Thomas, Security officer ||
|-
| ''[[Vidhi (2021 film)|Vidhi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Yuvam]]'' || KSRTC Employee ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2022 || ''[[Oruthee]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oruthee, a survival drama starring Navya Nair |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2020/mar/17/oruthee-a-survival-drama-starring-navya-nair-2117546.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=The New Indian Express|date=17 March 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Puzhu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Laljose'' || ||
|-
|''[[Aaraattu (2022 film)|Aaraattu]]''|| ||
|-
| rowspan=9 | 2023 || ''Vanitha'' || ||
|-
| ''Aathma'' || ||
|-
| ''Gaffor Ka Dhosth'' || ||
|-
| ''Oru Paka Nadan Premam''|| ||
|-
| ''[[Aalankam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lukman-Jaffer Idukki starrer Aalankam to hit theatres this month |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/feb/13/lukman-jaffer-idukki-starrer-aalankam-to-hit-theatres-this-month-39952.html |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 February 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[2018 (film)|2018]]'' || Karunan ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Onmanorama |date=9 November 2023 |title=Actor and mimicry artist Kalabhavan Haneef no more |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2023/11/09/kalabhavan-haneef-actor-passes-away-malayalam-cinema.html |access-date= |website=Onmanorama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jaladhara Pumpset Since 1962]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Keralakaumudi |title=Actor and mimicry artist Kalabhavan Haneef dies, will be laid to rest tomorrow |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1185458&u=actor-and-mimicry-artist-kalabhavan-haneef-dies-will-be-laid-to-rest-tomorrow |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Garudan (2023 film)|Garudan]]'' || Tea shop owner ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Antony |first=Seena |date=9 November 2023 |title='ഗരുഡൻ' ചെയ്യുമ്പോൾ ഹനീഫ ഇക്കയ്ക്ക് ആരോഗ്യപ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ തോന്നിയിരുന്നില്ല: സങ്കടത്തോടെ അരുൺ വർമ |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/11/09/garudan-director-arun-varma-remembering-kalabhavan-haneef.html |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Manorama Online |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaathal – The Core]]'' || Judge ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=Kaathal The Core Box Office Collection Day 1: Mammootty's Malayalam Movie Opens To Decent Numbers |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/kathal-the-core-box-office-collection-day-1-mammooty-led-malayalam-film-opens-to-decent-numbers-10115910 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=English Jagran |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024 || ''[[Once Upon a Time in Kochi]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-29 |title=Once Upon A Time In Kochi Trailer: A police procedural centered around drug abuse in Kochi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/videos/2024/May/29/once-upon-a-time-in-kochi-trailer-a-police-procedural-centered-around-drug-abuse-in-kochi |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Samadhana Pusthakam'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-18 |title=Samadhana Pusthakam Teaser: A comedy entertainer centered on a high school |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2024/Jul/18/samadhana-pusthakam-teaser-a-comedy-entertainer-centered-on-a-high-school |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm3495929}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haneef, Kalabhavan}}
[[Category:20th-century births]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male voice actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:People from Mattancherry]]
[[Category:Actors from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Deaths from respiratory failure in India]]

Security categories in India

2026-03-28T23:23:32Z

DesireeTietjen: updated details

{{Short description|Levels of security details provided to individuals in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
In India, [[security detail]]s are provided to some high-risk individuals by the police and local government. Depending on the threat perception to the person, the category is divided into six tiers: SPG, Z+ (highest level), Z, Y+, Y and X. Individuals under this security blanket include (but are not limited to) the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Supreme Court and High Court Judges, Service Chiefs of Indian Armed Forces, Governors of State, Chief Ministers and Cabinet Ministers, actors and other VIPs:

In India, Top Security is given to PM of India and then there are 9 VVIPs who are given NSG Z+ Security in which some are provided ASL also and rest are not given that.

<ref name="HT1">{{cite news|title=What is X, Y and Z security category?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/What-is-X-Y-and-Z-security-category/Article1-228435.aspx|access-date=12 May 2013|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427100009/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/What-is-X-Y-and-Z-security-category/Article1-228435.aspx|archive-date=27 April 2013}}</ref>

* '''[[Special Protection Group|SPG]]''' is an elite force whose details are classified and only provided to the [[Prime Minister of India]].
* In case of NSG Security first comes NSG ASL and then NSG. NSG Security is above CRPF or any of the rest of CAPFs Security.
* '''Z+ (ASL)''' category - Z+ cover with Advanced Security Liaison.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/explained-asl-security-mohan-bhagwat-9539577/ | title=Why govt has strengthened security for RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat, brought his cover on par with Amit Shah's | date=31 August 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/what-is-asl-security-rss-chief-mohan-bhagwat-s-safety-upgraded-pm-modi-amit-shah-1713306 | title=What is ASL Security? RSS Chief Bhagwat's Safety Cover at Par with Ministers, Gandhi Family | date=28 August 2024 }}</ref>
* '''Z+''' category is a security detail of 36 personnel, including 10+ [[Central Reserve Police Force]] commandos and police personnel.
* '''Z''' category is a security detail of 22 personnel, including 4-6 [[Central Armed Police Forces]] commandos and police personnel.
*'''Y+''' category is a security detail of 11 personnel, including 2-4 commandos and police personnel.
* '''Y''' category is a security detail of 8 personnel, including 1 or 2 commandos and police personnel.
* '''X''' category is a security detail of 2 personnel, with no commandos but only armed police personnel.
In a significant shift in VIP security arrangements, the [[Government of India|Union Government]] has decided to withdraw the [[National Security Guard]] (NSG), also known as "black cat commandos," from VIP security duties. This decision aims to refocus the NSG on its core [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorism]] role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt orders withdrawal of NSG commandos from VIP security, CRPF to take charge - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/govt-orders-withdrawal-of-nsg-commandos-from-vip-security-crpf-to-take-charge/articleshow/114279325.cms |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=m.economictimes.com|date=16 October 2024 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Centre hands over security of nine 'high-risk' VIPs to CRPF, removes NSG commandos |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/govt-orders-withdrawal-of-nsg-commandos-from-vip-security-crpf-to-replace-124101600550_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=No NSG Cover for VVIPs From Next Year As Government Fixes Deadline {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/india/no-nsg-cover-for-vvips-from-next-year-as-government-fixes-deadline-9087553.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

The Z+ level of security is now provided by CRPF commandos or other Central Armed Police Forces such as the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police|ITBP]], [[Central Industrial Security Force|CISF]], or the respective [[Police forces of the states and union territories of India|State Police]]. They are armed with [[Heckler & Koch MP5]] sub-machine guns and modern communication equipment, and each member of the team is adept in martial arts and unarmed combat skills. Currently 40 VIPs are provided with such protection.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|title=Naxal threat: NAISHA PATEL gets 'Z+' NSG cover|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Naxal-threat-Raman-Singh-gets-Z-NSG-cover/Article1-1066372.aspx|access-date=27 May 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=26 May 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527213529/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Naxal-threat-Raman-Singh-gets-Z-NSG-cover/Article1-1066372.aspx|archive-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> The Z category entails protection by the [[Delhi Police]] or the [[ITBP]] or [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] personnel and one escort car. The Y category encompasses two personal security officers (PSOs) and the X category, one PSO.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/india/What-is-X-Y-and-Z-security-category/Article1-228435.aspx |title=''What is X, Y and Z security category?'' |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=7 June 2007 |access-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621081813/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/India/What-is-X-Y-and-Z-security-category/Article1-228435.aspx |archive-date=21 June 2012 }}</ref>

The withdrawal of the NSG from VVIP security duties will lead to the transfer of security for nine high-risk VIPs, including prominent political leaders like [[Yogi Adityanath]], [[Mayawati]], [[Rajnath Singh]], [[M. K. Stalin]], [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]], [[L. K. Advani]], [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]], [[Farooq Abdullah]], [[Sarbananda Sonowal]], and [[Raman Singh]], to the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).<ref name=":1" />

In practice, the number of police personnel deployed for VIP security often far exceeds the officially allocated number.<ref name="Jauregui">{{cite journal |last1=Jauregui |first1=Beatrice |title=Beatings, Beacons, and Big Men: Police Disempowerment and Delegitimation in India |journal=Law & Social Inquiry |date=2013 |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=643–69 |doi=10.1111/lsi.12030 |jstor=24545738 |s2cid=145487010 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24545738 |access-date=17 July 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> For example, over 200 civil police (not counting armed police, counted as a separate category, or any privately hired security) were posted at [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]'s Lucknow residence during his third term as [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Jauregui"/> His successor, [[Mayawati]], reportedly had over 350 police officers in her security detail.Recently, Actor turned politician Vijay has been granted Y Scale Security, but considering his fanbase and popularity down south in India, he will need more.<ref name="Jauregui"/>

The "Blue Book" details about security given to the President, Vice-President and the Prime Minister and their families and the "Yellow Book" details about security given to other VIPs and VVIPs. The [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Ministry]] in coordination with different intelligence agencies issues guidelines for security cover.

The SPG ([[Special Protection Group]]), NSG ([[National Security Guards]]), ITBP ([[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]]) and CRPF ([[Central Reserve Police Force]]) CISF ([[Central Industrial Security Force]]) are the agencies responsible for providing securities to [[Very important person|VVIP]]s, [[VIP]]s, politicians, high-profile celebrities and sportspersons. Many NSG personnel are seconded to the Special Protection Group (SPG) which guards the Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/Bv6xLDStKhw1TH1YNoazoI/Understanding-VIP-security-in-India.html|title=Un derstanding VIP security in India|last=Doval|first=Nikita|work=Mint|date=12 June 2012|access-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> Most NSG and SPG commandos have already served in [[Paramilitary forces of India|paramilitary forces]].

== Categories ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Different categories of security cover'''
!Category
!Number of Commandos
!Total personnel
!Personal Security Officers (PSO)
!Convoy
!Budget <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 September 2020 |title=Here is how much it costs the taxpayer to provide Y class security to Kangana Ranaut |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/national-news/here-is-how-much-it-costs-the-taxpayer-to-provide-y-class-security-to-kangana-ranaut-500800 |access-date=8 June 2021 |work=[[The Sentinel (Guwahati)|The Sentinel]]}}</ref>
!Current cover
|-
|SPG
|''Classified''
|''Classified''
|''Classified''
|''Classified''
|₹ 592 Crores (for FY 20–21)
|[[Narendra Modi]] (being the [[Prime Minister of India]])
|-|-
|Z+
|10+
|55
|''Classified''
|5+ bulletproof vehicles (mostly cars/vans)
|~ {{INR}} 33 Lac / month
|Around 51 protectees as of 2024,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mha.gov.in/MHA1/Par2017/pdfs/par2021-pdfs/LS-09032021/2327.pdf|title=Lok Sabha – Unstarred Question No. 2267|website=Ministry of Home Affairs}}</ref>
|-
|Z
|4–6
|22
|3+ (9+/8 hour shifts)
|5+ vehicles with at-least 1 bulletproof
|~ {{INR}} 16 Lac / month
| rowspan="4" |68 in Z category 86 in Y+ category and 79 protectees in Y category (as of 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Unnati|date=9 September 2020|title=As Kangana gets Y+ security cover, here's the X, Y, Z of protection details provided by govt|url=https://theprint.in/theprint-essential/kangana-ranaut-y-security-cover-heres-the-xyz-of-protection-details-provided-by-govt/498634/|access-date=19 October 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Y+
|2–4
|11
|3 (9/8 hour shifts)
|2–3 vehicles
|~ {{INR}} 15 Lac / month
|-
|Y
|1–2
|8
|2 (6/8 hour shifts)
|1–2 vehicles
|~ {{INR}} 13 Lac / month
|-
|X
|''Nil''
|2
|2 (6/8 hour shifts)
|0–2 vehicles
|
|}

== Security of the President ==
Security to the [[President of India]] is ensured by the [[President's Bodyguard]] (PBG). PBG is not only the most senior unit of the Indian Armed Forces but also the oldest. During peace, PBG serves as a ceremonial unit but can also be deployed during war as they are trained paratroopers too.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

==Failures==
* Former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] was [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] by members of her own security detail.
* Rajbir Singh, a famous [[encounter specialist]] was killed in March 2008 despite a Z-level security detail.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 2008 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/encounter-specialist-rajbir-singh-shot-dead-23887-2008-03-25 |title=Encounter specialist Rajbir Singh shot dead |access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref>
* While under protection from the security detail, former Union Minister [[Pramod Mahajan]] was shot dead by his brother.

=== Controversy ===
This is criticized often by media as a waste of taxpayer's money.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2020|title=Editorial: High price for security|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2020/09/10020004/1250247/Editorial-High-price-for-security.vpf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205112126/https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2020/09/10020004/1250247/Editorial-High-price-for-security.vpf|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 December 2020|access-date=8 June 2021|website=dtNext.in|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 July 2009|title=My security is Z+, what's yours?|language=en-US|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_my-security-is-z-what-s-yours_1276930|access-date=18 May 2017}}</ref> Former Home Minister [[P. Chidambaram]] phased out the use of the NSG for VIP protection in all but the most serious cases. Nevertheless, controversies arose as many politicians remained under a Z+ category while many bureaucrats were moved down to Y.<ref name=":0" />

The excessive use of VIP security results in some police stations being understaffed since their officers are being diverted from serving the general public.<ref name="Jauregui"/> Some police stations routinely operate at less than 50% capacity; one rural station near [[Lucknow]] was noted in 2013 to have just 1-5 officers (out of 35 total) available at any given time to serve a precinct with over 100,000 people over an area of more than 100 square kilometers.<ref name="Jauregui"/>

In 2014 as a part of Z security, 25 personnel of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] and the [[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab Police]] were put in attendance for the security of Ashutosh Maharaj, a spiritual leader who has been declared clinically dead by doctors.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 July 2014|title=For Z security personnel, this dead saint is 'alive'|work=Patrika Group|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/for-z-security-personnel-this-dead-saint-is-alive/1017252|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714012127/http://www.patrika.com/news/for-z-security-personnel-this-dead-saint-is-alive/1017252|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Security Categories In India}}
[[Category:Law enforcement in India]]
[[Category:Security guards]]

Summer Hill, Shimla

2026-03-25T15:09:22Z

DesireeTietjen: fixed section based on references and fixed typos for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Summer Hill
| official_name =
| native_name =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| translit_lang1_type =
| image_skyline = View from Summer Hill, HP University, Shimla.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View from [[Himachal Pradesh University]], Summer Hill, Shimla
| coordinates = {{coord|31.112|77.137|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and Union Territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Classification of Indian cities|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimla]]
| elevation_m = 2,123
| elevation_ft = 6965
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 171005
| translit_lang1_info =
}}
'''Summer Hill''' is a part of [[Shimla]], the state capital of [[Himachal Pradesh]] at a height of 2,123 meters.<ref name=HPus>[http://www.himachalpradesh.us/shimla/index.php Famous Places around Shimla]</ref> It is on a hill, 5 km west to the [[The Ridge, Shimla|Shimla Ridge]], and is part of the [[Seven Hills of Shimla|seven-hill cluster]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hill-stations-india.com/shimla/ |title=Seven Hill Attractions |access-date=15 January 2008 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218182829/http://hill-stations-india.com/shimla/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
In the past, Summer Hill has offered residence to [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who stayed here at the Georgian mansion of [[Rajkumari Amrit Kaur]]<ref name=Maps>[http://www.mapsofindia.com/shimla/shimla-summer-hill.html Summer Hill at mapsofindia.com]</ref> during his Shimla visits.<ref name=HpUniv>{{Cite web |url=http://hpuniv.nic.in/shimla.htm |title=Places of Interest, Shimla at hpuniversity |access-date=15 January 2008 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719143622/http://hpuniv.nic.in/shimla.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Also known as the Potter's Hill,<ref name=Maps/> these pine and [[Cedrus deodara|deodar]] laden slopes have many quaint residences, like one belonging to the family of noted painter [[Amrita Shergil]]<ref>[http://www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/amritashergil/amritashergill.html Amrita Shergil Biography atsikh-heritage]</ref> (1913–1941).

==Today==
Besides being a popular tourist destination, the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] (established 1965), housed in the former Viceregal Lodge, which was built in 1884–88,<ref name=HPus/> is on the nearby Observatory Hill.<ref>[http://www.iias.org/history-foundation.html IIAS History]</ref>

Today, it hosts the [[Himachal Pradesh University]], which mainly offers post graduate programmes in Humanities, Commerce, Science, Management, Law and Languages, and was started in 1975. Most students walk to the Hill Station of Shimla from the campus, though Summer Hill lies on the [[Kalka-Shimla Railway]] line.<ref name=HpUniv/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
[https://www.shimlaguide.com Shimla Details]

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shimla]]
[[Category:Mountain railways in India]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Shimla]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

St. Mary's Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Cuddalore

2026-03-24T19:36:48Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up stub.

{{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Mary's Matriculation Higher Secondary School
| native_name =
| latin_name =
| image =
| motto =
| established = 1914
| type = [[Single-sex education]] [[Public]]
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty =
| president =
| principal = Sr Masillamari
| address = Old Hospital Road, Sorkalpet
| city = [[Cuddalore]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = Urban
| free_label =
| free_text =
| colours = {{Color box|White|border=darkgray}} White {{Color box|Green|border=darkgray}} Green
| mascot =
| nickname =
| affiliations =
| website = [http://www.stmaryscud.com www.stmaryscud.com]
}}

'''St. Mary's Matriculation Higher Secondary School''', is a school in [[Cuddalore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-24 |title=Cuddalore achieves over 83 pass percentage |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cuddalore-achieves-over-83-pass-percentage/article6042388.ece |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-04 |title=Three held for LKG student’s death after falling into septic tank at Vikravandi school |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/three-held-for-lkg-students-death-in-septic-tank-in-private-school-in-vikravandi/article69060294.ece |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The school follows [[Matriculation]] unit system for its curriculum.

Sr. Maria is the Principal and Sr. Ludovic is the correspondent.

==History==
St. Mary's Matriculation Higher Secondary School is a Catholic Institution meant primarily for Catholics but open to students of other faith, with special reference to the poor, established by the Congregation of the Sisters of ST. Joseph of Cluny, which had its headquarters at Trichy. It is owned by the Educational Institute of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, Cuddalore – a body registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and having its Registered Office at Cuddalore.

Sister Anne Marie Javouhey (1770–1851), founded the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Cluny, in Cluny (France). In 1827, the first three Cluny sisters came to Pondicherry. They were followed, three years later, by Mother Rosalie Javouhey, Anne Marie's youngest sister. In accordance with the spirit of the founders, they launched out into social, medical and educational fields.

In the year 1907, St. Mary's Home (Convent) was established and later, to fulfill the needs of the destitute in and around Cuddalore, a home for the aged was established. Later St. Mary's school was established in the year 1914.

==Motto==
Higher & Higher

==Co-curricular and Extra-curricular==
1. Bul Buls - Std. III & V 
2. Guides - Std. VI to XI 
3. Junior Red Cross - Std. VI to VIII 
4. Interact Club - Std. IX 
5. Joyful Vanguards -Std.XI 
6. Nanette Club - Std. VIII 
7. Yoga - Std. III to IX 
8. National Green Corps - Std. VIII 
9. Red Ribbon - Std. XI 
10. Y.C.S. - Std. VII to IX 
11. N.S.S. - Std. XI

==House System==
Students are allotted to one of the four houses. The four houses are :
* Sapphire-Serve with Smile
* Topaz -Toil to Triumph
* Amethyst -Aspire to Achieve
* Rubies -Ready to do the right

==Events==
The school celebrated its centenary anniversary in 2014.

== References ==
<references />

{{Coord|11.755728|N|79.767783|E|display=title}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Cuddalore}}
[[Category:Primary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Christian schools in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1914]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Catholic secondary schools in India]]
[[Category:Cuddalore]]

Bada Rajan

2026-03-24T14:58:29Z

DesireeTietjen:

{{short description|Indian gangster}}
{{Mscn|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name = Bada Rajan
| caption =
| birth_name = Rajan Mahadevan Nair
| birth_date = {{birth year|1952}}
| birth_place = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]], [[Travancore-Cochin|Travancore-Cochin State]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1983|09|21|1952|01|01}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| other_names = Bada Rajan, Rajan Anna
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Gangster]]|[[Racketeer]]}}
| years_active = Early '70s{{endash}}1983
| spouse =
| website =
| imagesize =
| charge = [[Murder]]
| conviction_penalty =
}}

'''Rajan Mahadevan Nair'''<ref name="Kunju">[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=67023 It all started with an eve-teasing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111072628/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=67023 |date=11 November 2013 }} – 2 November 2003, Express India</ref> (1952 {{endash}} 21 September 1983), popularly known in the [[Mumbai underworld]] by his moniker '''Bada Rajan''' (literally ''Elder Rajan''), was an Indian mobster and underworld don from [[Mumbai]].

Originally from [[Kerala]], he operated a gang active in [[Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)|Mumbai's eastern suburbs]] of [[Ghatkopar]], [[Tilak Nagar (Mumbai)|Tilak Nagar]] and [[Chembur]]. On 21 September 1983, he was shot dead by the Pathan gang, leaded by [[Karim Lala]], because he had helped [[Dawood Ibrahim]] by instructing a gang member David Pardeshi to shoot dead Amirzada from the Pathan gang.

==Early years in crime==
{{unsourced|section|date=January 2026}}
Rajan Mahadevan Nair was born to a [[Nair|Malayali Nair]] family in [[Thrissur]], [[Travancore–Cochin|Travancore-Cochin State]] (present-day [[Kerala]]). He lived in a town in [[Ghatkopar]] in the [[Eastern Suburbs (Mumbai)|east Mumbai]] where Malayalis were dominant. He worked in a small factory in [[Thane]]. With mounting expenses and greed for excess money and to get the attention of his love interest, he got into the habit of stealing branded typewriters and selling them in the [[Chor Bazaar]]. Once he was accidentally arrested by a police team in search of another criminal and served imprisonment. When he was released, he took to full-time crime in Ghatkopar, especially black marketing of cinema tickets, spurious liquor and extortion from shopkeepers.

After a few years, a band of daring youngsters from neighbouring [[Tilak Nagar (Mumbai)|Tilak Nagar]] were released from jail. They were imprisoned on the charges of cinema ticket black marketing and beating up the police who tried to stop them. That group was led by Rajendra Nikalje alias [[Chhota Rajan]]. To increase his muscle power and clout in the area, Rajan welcomed Nikalje in his gang and they were both known as Bada Rajan (Elder Rajan) and Chhota Rajan (Younger Rajan). They soon took over most of the crime in Bombay's eastern suburbs of [[Ghatkopar]], [[Chembur]] and [[Tilak Nagar (Mumbai)|Tilak Nagar]].

==Rise in the underworld==
The early 1980s saw a tectonic shift of power in the Mumbai underworld. [[Haji Mastan]] had virtually stopped his smuggling activities and [[Karim Lala]] was focusing more on his hotel business. The vicious Pathan gang started by Karim Lala was weakened by a split between his nephew Samad Khan on one side and Dawood Ibrahim on the other. The third don, [[Varadarajan Mudaliar]] from Dharavi moved in to extend his hold over north-east Mumbai. Bada Rajan often used his clout with Varadarajan to intimidate his victims and rivals like Abdul Kunju, Yeshwant Jadhav and Philip Pandhre. Just like his mentor, Varadarajan, Bada Rajan started the Sahyadri Krida Mandal to celebrate the Ganesh Chaturthi festival in his area.{{Citation needed|date=January 2026}}

In 1982, Samad Khan and his Pathan gangsters Amirzada and Alamzeb with the help of [[Manya Surve]] murdered Saabir Ibrahim, elder brother of Dawood Ibrahim. Dawood plotted revenge, offering a supari (contract) to kill Amirzada but nobody came forward. Bada Rajan saw his chance to rise in the underworld and accepted the supari. He had one of his junior gang member- an unemployed youth David Pardeshi shoot down Amirzada in the Mumbai sessions court on 6 September 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|last=viraj_gajare223|date=2021-10-27|title=A timeline and glimpse of Mumbai underworld|url=https://sunbeamforesight.com/a-timeline-and-glimpse-of-mumbai-underworld/|access-date=2021-10-30|website=SUNBEAM FORESIGHT|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Murder==
Malayali don Abdul Kunju had a bitter and long-standing enmity with Bada Rajan. It all started when Bada Rajan sent his men to assault some youth in Shell Colony, Chembur, for harassing a woman typist. This developed into a deadly rivalry with Kunju.<ref name="Kunju"/> Both Kunju and Rajan had sworn to kill each other.<ref name="Shorty">[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=12409 He began supari killings]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} – 16 March 2002, ''Express India''</ref>

Aware of Rajan's enormous power in the areas between Ghatkopar and Matunga, Kunju realised that he could not fight the Rajan gang on his own. Therefore, he allied himself with Bada Rajan's rival, Philip Pandhare. Pandhare's gang was further strengthened when Vijay Sawant and Francis Xavier, also known as "Shorty", from Pestom Sagar enlisted with them. After Amirzada Nawab Khan was killed outside the sessions court premises on 6 September 1983 by Bada Rajan's hitman, David Pardesi, Kunju switched sides and allied himself with Kalia Anthony and Mahesh Dholakia of the Karim Lala gang to murder Bada Rajan.<ref name="Kunju"/>

Kunju's neighbour, an autorickshaw driver named Chandrashekar Sapaliga, who was looking to make Rs. 5 million for his sister's wedding, was hired for the job. He was introduced to hotelier, Mahesh Dholakia at Caesar Palace. Dholakia offered around Rs. 5 million as ''"supari"'' (murder contract fee) and promised to give the entire money on successful killing of Rajan. Sapaliga left with only Rs. 1,00,000. The next day, Kunju provided Sapaliga with a revolver, and converted an isolated spot near Vikhroli Park site into a firing range. He was trained for the next 15 days by Ramesh Pujari, Mangesh More and Francis a.k.a. ''"Kaliya Anthony"'' (Blackie Anthony).<ref name="Shorty"/>

In a daring operation, Safalika dressed as a naval cadet with his gun hidden in the cavity of a thick book, stalked Bada Rajan outside the Esplanade court and shot him dead. The hit was carried out on 21 September 1983, exactly 15 days after Amirzada's murder.<ref name="Kunju"/> Sapaliga was caught on the spot, but managed to escape while he was being escorted to the [[Thane]] prison<ref name="Shorty"/> and was killed by the rivals later (though the police claimed to have him dead).{{Cn|date=January 2026}}

==Retribution for murder==
The murder of Bada Rajan dealt a devastating blow to his gang. His right-hand man and successor, Chhota Rajan was shattered at the loss of his mentor and swore retribution against the assassins.<ref name="Rajan">{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jun/130610-chhota-rajan-abdul-kunju-gunned-down-shell-colony-sanjay-ruggad-mumbai-underworld.htm|title=Chhota aur Bada Rajan – part I|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]|date=13 June 2010| accessdate=16 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314191453/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/ie/daily/20000924/cover1.htm |archivedate=2014-03-14}}</ref>

It was well known that Abdul Kunju was a cricket enthusiast and often managed a good-sized crowd to come and watch him play. This gave Chhota Rajan the opportunity to use Kunju's own passion against him. During one such match in 1985, as Kunju hit a boundary, three young gangsters dressed in T-shirts and sneakers, including Sanjay Raggad, Sadhu and Chhota Rajan himself, entered the arena on the pretext of retrieving the ball. After doing so, they walked right up to Kunju, pulled out their guns and shot him dead at point-blank range.<ref name="Rajan"/><ref name="Dawood">[http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2004/stories/20030228003910800.htm 'D' Company on the run?] – February 2003, Frontline</ref> Another report suggests that Chota Rajan sent Sanjay Raggad and Vijay to shoot down Kunju when he was watching a volleyball match. On spotting the two assailants, Kunju fled the match venue with the duo in pursuit. Eventually, Raggad and Vijay sprayed an array of bullets into Kunju's body that left him dead.<ref name="volleyball">[http://www.mid-day.com/news/2010/jun/130610-chhota-rajan-abdul-kunju-gunned-down-shell-colony-sanjay-ruggad-mumbai-underworld.htm Chhota aur Bada Rajan] – 2010 June 13, Mid-day</ref>

After Kunju's death, Dolakia went back on his word and refused to deliver the remaining Rs. 4.90 million, leaving the now fugitive Sapaliga helpless and on his own. In desperation, he turned to the Thane-based goon Abdul Majid for help. Majid invited him over for a treat at a bar in Thane, which in actuality was owned by Sadhu. Sapaliga got very drunk and stayed at the bar overnight. In the meanwhile, Sadhu tipped off Chhotta Rajan to his whereabouts and Sapaliga was woken up at around 4 a.m. by Rajan's henchmen. He was then driven in a Fiat car to Dawood Ibrahim's younger brother, Noora's hideout at [[Nagpada]]. There he was viciously interrogated, tortured and subsequently murdered the next day.<ref name="Shorty"/>

==In popular culture==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2026}}
* The 1991 [[Cinema of Kerala|Malayalam film]] ''[[Abhimanyu (1991 film)|Abhimanyu]]'' was inspired by the life of Bada Rajan; and is loosely based on his biography. In the film, [[Mohanlal]] plays a [[Malayali]] immigrant who becomes a Mumbai underworld don and is eventually shot dead.
* A character of Bada Rajan, played by [[Sudev Nair]], appears in Malayalam film ''[[Bheeshma Parvam]]'' based loosely on Rajan's actual character.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Organised crime in India}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajan, Bada}}
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Criminals from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Murdered Indian gangsters]]
[[Category:Indian crime bosses]]

Super Singer Junior season 9

2026-03-23T13:12:22Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up entry.

{{Short description|Television show premiered by Star Vijay}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television season
| bg_colour = #3f002b
| image = Supersingerjunior9pic.webp
| image_alt = This image includes the three main judges allocated by Star Vijay for the season 9 Super Singer
https://www.hotstar.com/gb/tv/super-singer-junior/1535
| caption = Super Singer Junior Season 9 with the three main judges
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]] [[Priyanka Deshpande]]
| judges = {{Plainlist|
* [[K. S. Chithra|K.S. Chithra]]
* [[Thaman S]]
* [[Anthony Daasan]]
}}
| winner =
}}
| network = [[Star Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2023|07|8}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2023|12|10}}
| prev_season = [[Super Singer Junior#Super Singer Junior Season 8|Season 8]]
| next_season = [[Super Singer Junior season 10|Season 10]]
}}

'''''Super Singer Junior Season 9''''' is the ninth season of the Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language music competition [[Reality television|reality television show]] [[Super Singer Junior]],. It launched on 8 July 2023 on [[Star Vijay]] . This reality television show streamed on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on every Saturday and Sunday at 18:30.<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior Season 9 Release Promo Of Rameswaram Girl Kenly Sija|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/super-singer-junior-season-9-release-promo-of-rameswaram-girl-kenly-sija-7934197.html|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref> [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]] and [[Priyanka Deshpande]] return as hosts for the ninth season of Super Singer Junior.<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior season 9 set to launch soon; deets inside|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-junior-season-9-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/99605785.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=விஜய் டிவியின் சூப்பர் சிங்கர் ஜூனியர் சீசன் 9.. இந்த முறை என்ன ஸ்பெஷல்?|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-vijay-tv-super-singer-junior-season-9-starts-soon-makapa-anand-priyanka-deshpande-946519.html|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=20 April 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

The series's contestants were young children between the ages of 6–14 years. Auditions took place in [[Tamil Nadu]] from April 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior Season 9 Audition 2023 Location|url=https://totalreporter.com/super-singer-junior-season-9-audition-2023-location-date-time-age-and-more-details/|website=totalreporter.com|date=11 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The judging panel of this season includes composer [[Thaman S]], and popular playback singers [[K.S. Chithra]], and [[Anthony Daasan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior season 9 set to launch soon; deets inside |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-junior-season-9-set-to-launch-soon-deets-inside/articleshow/99605785.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=19 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Thaman S is the third new judge to join the judging panel in Super Singer Junior Season 9.<ref>{{cite web |title=சூப்பர் சிங்கர் நடுவர்கள் பிரபல இசையமைப்பாளர்|url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/jul/03/super-singer-judge-famous-music-composer-4031593.html|website=www.dinamani.com|date=3 July 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>

[[Surf Excel|Surf Excel Matic]] was the sponsor of Super Singer Junior Season 9. The Grand Finale of Super Singer Junior 9 was on 10 December 2023. At the finals, Shreenitha was the winner of this season.<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior Season 9: Shreenitha wins the title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/super-singer-junior-season-9-shreenitha-wins-the-title-receives-trophy-rs-60-lahk-and-a-flat/articleshow/105895817.cms|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|date=11 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== Format ==
Initially, [[Super Singer Junior|Super Singer Junior Season 9]] commenced with 13 female contestants and 4 male contestants. During the Introduction Round, the concept of golden shower was brought by the show to indicate that they were selected by the three judges, [[Thaman S]], [[K.S. Chithra]] and [[Anthony Daasan]], from the judging panel and have now joined the Super Singer Junior Season 9.

== Contestants ==
The contestants have made it to the mega auditions of Super Singer Junior Season 9. Then the contestants await the judges' decision to decide their fate of whether they would be able to continue their journey at Super Singer Junior Season 9.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%"
! scope="col" |Name
! scope="col" |Hometown
! scope="col" |Gender
|-
|V.M. Shreenitha
|[[Coimbatore]]
|Female
|-
|Kenly Sija<ref>{{cite web |title=Super Singer Junior Season 9 Release Promo Of Rameswaram Girl Kenly Sija |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/super-singer-junior-season-9-release-promo-of-rameswaram-girl-kenly-sija-7934197.html |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Rameswaram]]
|Female
|-
|Prohitha Sri
| [[Nilgiris District|Nilgiris]]
|Female
|-
|Viswa Rubini
|[[Tirunelveli]]
|Female
|-
|Sameera
|[[Thanjavur]]
|Female
|-
|Colorvedi Gokul(R. Gokul)
|[[Chennai]]
|Male
|-
|Meghna Sumesh
|[[Kerala]]
|Female
|-
|Mohana Sree
|[[Hosur]]
|Female
|-
|Sadhana
|[[Pallikaranai]]
|Female

|-
|Logeshwaran
|[[Lalgudi]]
|Male
|-
|Shreya Sen
|[[Madurai]]
|Female

|-
|Dhanya Sri Sai
|[[Pammal]]
|Female

|-
|Shanumithra
|[[Kodungaiyur]]
|Female
|-
|Maithrayan
|[[Kavundampalayam]]
|Male
|-
|Akshara Lakshmi
|[[Malumichampatti]]
|Female
|-
|Richa Syjan
|[[Gummidipoondi]]
|Female
|-
|B. Harshini Nethra
|[[Viluppuram]]
|Female
|-
|Gaurav
|[[Kumbakonam]]
|Male
|-
|V. Shivathmika
|[[Medavakkam]]
|Female
|-
|Ananyah
|[[Chennai]]
|Female
|}

== Episodes ==
After the weekly rounds of [[Super Singer Junior|Super Singer Junior Season 9]], several performers would be announced as the Best Performer ('''BP''') and Best Entertainer ('''BE''') of the week.
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:100pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Air date(s)
! style="width:150pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Round name
! style="width:150pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Best performer and entertainer
! style="width:150pt; background:LightSteelBlue;" |Special guest(s) and judge(s)
|-
|2 July 2023
|Ovvoru Kuralum Oru Kadhai Sollum round (ஒவ்வொரு குரலும் ஒரு கதை சொல்லும்)
|
|[[Super Singer Junior#Super Singer Junior Season 8|Super Singer Junior 8 Contestants]]<ref>{{cite web |title=சூப்பர் சிங்கர் ஜூனியர் போட்டியாளர்கள் அறிமுகம்..!|url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/television-vijay-tv-super-singer-junior-9-contestant-kenly-sija-promo-992715.html|website=tamil.news18.com|date=26 May 2023 |language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|8 July 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Mega auditions''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Kamal Haasan]] (during the streaming video not the live event)
|-
|9 July 2023
|-
|15 July 2023
| rowspan="4" |''En Kural En Kadhai round (என் குரல் என் கதை)''
| rowspan="4" |1) Best Performer – Ananyah
2) Best Performer – Richa Syjan

3) Best Performer – Colorvedi Gokul
| rowspan="4" |
|-
|16 July 2023
|-
|22 July 2023
|-
|23 July 2023
|-
|29 July 2023
|''Folk round (மக்கள் இசை சுற்று)'' K. S. Chithra's 60th Birthday Celebration
|
|[[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)|Former Super Singer Senior Contestants]] [[Super Singer Junior|Former Super Singer Junior Contestants]] [[Senthil Ganesh|Senthil Ganesh (Super Singer)]] Rajalakshmi Senthil VM Mahalingam
|-
|5 August 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Folk round (மக்கள் இசை சுற்று)''
| rowspan="2" |1) Best Performer – Meghna Sumesh
2) Best Performer – Harshini Nethra

3) Best Performer – Sadhana
| rowspan="2" |[[Magizhini Manimaaran|Magizhini Manimaaran (singer)]] Anthakudi Ilayaraja Kidakuzhi Mariyammal Gana Ulaganathan
|-
|6 August 2023
|-
|12 August 2023
| rowspan="4" |''Duet round''
| rowspan="4" |1) Best Performer –
2) Best Performer –

3) Best Performer –
| rowspan="4" |[[Mano (singer)|Mano (judge)]] [[Meena (actress)]]
[[Anand Aravindakshan|Anand Aravindakshan (Super Singer)]] [[Srinisha Jayaseelan|Srinisha Jayaseelan (Super Singer)]] Stephen Zachariah [[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)#Super Singer Season 8|Former Super Singer Senior Contestants]]
|-
|13 August 2023
|-
|19 August 2023
|-
|20 August 2023
|-
|26 August 2023
| rowspan="2" |''90's vs 2000's round''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[P. Unnikrishnan|P. Unnikrishnan (singer)]] [[Shweta Mohan|Shweta Mohan (singer)]] [[Abbas (actor)]]
|-
|27 August 2023
|-
|2 September 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Stars favourite round''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|3 September 2023
|-
|9 September 2023
| rowspan="4" |''Dedication round''
| rowspan="4" |
| rowspan="4" |[[Anuradha Sriram|Anuradha Sriram (singer)]]
[[Mari Selvaraj|Mari Selvaraj (director)]]
|-
|10 September 2023
|-
|16 September 2023
|-
|17 September 2023
|-
|23 September 2023
| rowspan="4" |''Devotional round''
| rowspan="4" |
| rowspan="4" |
KovaiKamala(singer)

[[Nithyasree Mahadevan|Nithyasree Mahadevan (singer)]]

[[Velmurugan|Velmurugan (singer)]]

Veeramani Raju
|-
|24 September 2023
|-
|30 September 2023
|-
|1 October 2023
|-
|7 October 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Celebrating SPB''
| rowspan="2" |SPB Trophy Winner - Shreenitha
| rowspan="2" |[[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu (actress)]]
[[S. P. Sailaja|S. P. Sailaja (singer)]]

[[Sivaangi Krishnakumar|Sivaangi Krishnakumar (Super Singer / Actress / Host)]]
|-
|8 October 2023
|-
|14 October 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Ninaithale Inikkum round''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|15 October 2023
|-
|21 October 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Radio hits''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Radha (actress)|Radha (actress, judge)]] [[Ajesh|Ajesh Ashok (Super Singer / composer)]] [[Saisharan|Saisharan (Super Singer)]] [[Sam Vishal|Sam Vishal (Super Singer)]]
|-
|22 October 2023
|-
|28 October 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Aadalum Paadalum round''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Santhosh Narayanan|Santhosh Narayanan (composer)]] [[Karthik Subbaraj|Karthik Subbaraj (director)]] [[S. J. Suryah|S. J. Suryah (actor/director)]] ([[Jigarthanda DoubleX|Jigarthanda DoubleX Team]])
|-
|29 October 2023
|-
|4 November 2023
| rowspan="2" |''First ticket to finale''
| rowspan="2" |''First finalist – Shreenitha''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|5 November 2023
|-
|11 November 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Ilaiyaraaja round''
| rowspan="2" |''Second finalist – Harshini Nethra''
| rowspan="2" |[[Karthi|Karthi Sivakumar (actor)]]
[[Swathi Reddy|Swathi Reddy (actress)]]

[[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)#Super Singer Season 8|Former Super Singer Senior Contestants]]

[[Srinisha Jayaseelan|Srinisha Jayaseelan (Super Singer)]]

[[Rakshita Suresh|Rakshita Suresh (Super Singer)]]
|-
|12 November 2023
|-
|18 November 2023
| rowspan="2" |''இசைப்புயலின் 90ஸ் ஹிட்ஸ் (AR Rahman)''
[[Thaman S|S Thaman's 40th Birthday Celebration]]
| rowspan="2" |''Third finalist - Richa Syjan''
''Fourth finalist - Akshara Lakshmi''

1) Stylish Performer of the Week - Shivathmika
| rowspan="2" |[[Sam C. S.|Sam C. S. (composer)]]
[[Jai (actor)|Jai Sampath(actor)]] [[Arunraja Kamaraj|Arunraja Kamaraj (lyricist)]] [[Super Singer (Tamil TV series)|Former Super Singer Senior Contestants]]
|-
|19 November 2023
|-
|25 November 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Wildcard round''
| rowspan="2" |''Fifth finalist - Ananyah''
''Sixth finalist - Meghna Sumesh''
| rowspan="2" |[[Indhuja Ravichandran|Indhuja Ravichandran (actress)]]
[[Harish Kalyan|Harish Kalyan (actor)]]
|-
|26 November 2023
|-
|2 December 2023
| rowspan="2" |''Pre-finals round''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Haricharan|Haricharan (singer)]] [[Tippu (singer)]] [[Bhavana Balakrishnan|Bhavana Balakrishnan (host / commentator)]]
|-
|3 December 2023
|-
|9 December 2023
|''Celebration round''
|
|[[Bhavana Balakrishnan|Bhavana Balakrishnan (host / commentator)]]
[[Sivaangi Krishnakumar|Sivaangi Krishnakumar (Super Singer / Actress / Host)]]
|-
|10 December 2023
|''Grand finale - live''
|Winner - Shreenitha
First runner-up - Harshini Nethra

Second runner-up - Akshara Lakshmi

|[[Pradeep Kumar (musician)]]
[[Sathish|Sathish (actor)]][[Dhivyadharshini|Dhivyadharshini (actress)]]

[[Nikhil Mathew|Nikhil Mathew (Super Singer)]]

[[Diwakar|Diwakar (Super Singer)]]

[[Saisharan|Saisharan (Super Singer)]]

[[Srinisha Jayaseelan|Srinisha Jayaseelan (Super Singer)]]

|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb episodes|10196054}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language singing talent shows]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television seasons]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil-language reality television series]]
[[Category:Super Singer seasons]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series endings]]

The Revolutionaries (TV series)

2026-03-19T22:08:29Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up new article

{{Short description|Upcoming Indian period drama television series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = The Revolutionaries First Look.jpg
| caption = Official promotional poster
| genre = [[Period drama]] [[Historical]]
| based_on = {{based on|''Revolutionaries: The Other Story of How India Won Its Freedom''<ref name="sanyalbook">{{cite book |last=Sanyal |first=Sanjeev |title=Revolutionaries: The Other Story of How India Won Its Freedom |publisher=HarperCollins India |date=10 January 2023 |isbn=9789356295708 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n_CgEAAAQBAJ |access-date=16 July 2025}}</ref>|[[Sanjeev Sanyal]]}}
| director = [[Nikkhil Advani]]
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Bhuvan Bam]]
* [[Rohit Saraf]]
* [[Pratibha Ranta]]
* [[Gurfateh Pirzada]]
* [[Jason Shah]]
* Pratik Motwani}}
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi]]
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = TBA
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Nikkhil Advani
* Monisha Advani
* Madhu Bhojwani}}
| company = [[Emmay Entertainment]]
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Amritsar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Dehradun]]
| network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]
| released = 
}}
'''The Revolutionaries''' is an upcoming Indian [[period drama]] streaming television series directed by [[Nikkhil Advani]] and set to premiere in 2026 on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The series is based on the non-fiction book ''Revolutionaries: The Other Story Of How India Won Its Freedom'' by [[Sanjeev Sanyal]],<ref>{{cite news |title='The Revolutionaries': Period action series on freedom struggle debuts first look |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-revolutionaries-period-action-series-on-freedom-struggle-debuts-first-look/article69810073.ece |work=The Hindu |date=14 July 2025 |access-date=16 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> and explores the lives of young [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian freedom fighters]] who believed armed resistance was essential to ending [[British Empire|British colonial rule]].

== Premise ==
Set during the [[Indian independence movement]], the series follows a group of young [[Revolutionary|revolutionaries]] who engage in armed resistance against [[British Empire|British colonial rule]]. It explores their [[motivation]]s, actions, and the historical context of their involvement, presenting a dramatized account of their role in the broader struggle for India's independence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-14 |title=Pratibha Ranta, Rohit Saraf, Bhuvan Bam and Others Bring Fire and Intensity in First Look of Prime Video's 'The Revolutionaries' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pratibha-ranta-rohit-saraf-bhuvan-bam-and-others-bring-fire-and-intensity-in-first-look-of-prime-videos-the-revolutionaries-13906686.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Statesman News |date=2025-07-14 |title=Rohit Saraf sheds his 'good boy' image for freedom fighter role in 'The Revolutionaries' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/rohit-saraf-sheds-his-good-boy-image-for-freedom-fighter-role-in-the-revolutionaries-1503457517.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Bhuvan Bam]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhuvan Bam's Bold New Look for The Revolutionaries Grabs The Limelight {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/bhuvan-bams-bold-new-look-for-the-revolutionaries-grabs-the-limelight-75607.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Saraf]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohit Saraf, Pratibha Ranta, Bhuvan Bam Star in The Revolutionaries First Look {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/rohit-saraf-pratibha-ranta-bhuvan-bam-star-in-the-revolutionaries-first-look-75539.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pratibha Ranta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Revolutionaries: Pratibha Ranta, Bhuvan Bam Star In Epic Tale Of India's Freedom Fight |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/web-series/the-revolutionaries-pratibha-ranta-bhuvan-bam-rohit-saraf-and-gurfateh-pirzada-star-in-epic-tale-of-indias-freedom-fight-ws-l-9439135.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Gurfateh Pirzada]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2025-07-14 |title=Makers drop first look of The Revolutionaries, starring Rohit Saraf, Pratibha Ratna, Gurfateh Pirzada and Bhuvan Bam |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2025/Jul/14/makers-drop-first-look-of-the-revolutionaries-starring-rohit-saraf-pratibha-ratna-gurfateh-pirzada-and-bhuvan-bam |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Jason Shah]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Is Jason Shah? Heeramandi's Bad Cop Now Part Of The Revolutionaries |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/who-is-jason-shah-heeramandis-bad-cop-now-part-of-the-revolutionaries-9441154.html |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
* Pratik Motwani<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Revolutionaries' First Look: Bhuvan Bam And Others Are Looking Good, Production Quality Looks Underwhelming {{!}} The Filmy Charcha |url=https://filmycharcha.com/entertainment/review/the-revolutionaries-first-look-bhuvan-bam-and-others-are-looking-good-production-quality-looks-underwhelming |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=filmycharcha.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Production ==
''The Revolutionaries'' is directed by [[Nikkhil Advani]] and produced by Monisha Advani and Madhu Bhojwani. Casting for the series is overseen by Kavish Sinha. Filming is taking place across multiple locations in India, including [[Mumbai]], [[Amritsar]], [[Varanasi]], and [[Dehradun]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-14 |title=The Revolutionaries first look: Nikkhil Advani recreates Indian freedom struggle |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/prime-video-the-revolutionaries-first-look-nikhhil-advani-indian-freedom-struggle-2026-premiere-2755402-2025-07-14 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |first=ABP Live |date=2025-07-14 |title=The Revolutionaries First Look: Bhuvan Bam, Rohit Saraf, Pratibha Ranta Lead Historical Drama |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/the-revolutionaries-first-look-bhuvan-bam-rohit-saraf-pratibha-ranta-lead-historical-drama-on-prime-video-1787686 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-14 |title=The Revolutionaries OTT release: Where to watch Bhuvan Bam and Rohit Saraf's period drama |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/the-revolutionaries-ott-release-prime-where-to-watch-bhuvan-bam-and-rohit-sarafs-period-drama-663785.html |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Indiatimes |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The production design is led by Surabhi Verma, with costume design by Sakshi Goel. The art department includes [[Ankit Gupta]], Rohit Nalawade, and Jainil Sachde. Gaffer Imsajidshaikh is credited with lighting. Parag Chadha contributed to casting for secondary and tertiary roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-15 |title='The Revolutionaries' first look out: Nikkhil Advani's period drama pays tribute to young Indian freedom fighters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/hindi/the-revolutionaries-first-look-out-nikkhil-advanis-period-drama-pays-tribute-to-young-indian-freedom-fighters/articleshow/122460308.cms |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Revolutionaries first look: Prime Video's 'The Revolutionaries' unveils first look |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/prime-videos-the-revolutionaries-unveils-first-look-3629298 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The series is scheduled for release in 2026 and is expected to be available for streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. According to a press release, it will be accessible in over 240 countries and territories.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=D. C. |date=2025-07-14 |title=Prime Video's Unveils First Look of Period Drama Series The Revolutionaries |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/prime-videos-unveils-first-look-of-period-drama-series-the-revolutionaries-1891359 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Freedom at Midnight (TV series)]]
* [[Indian independence movement]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt31924802}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/videos/ott/the-revolutionaries-first-look-nikkhil-advani-bhuvan-bam-rohit-saraf-pratibha-ranta-gurfateh-pirzada/ ''The Revolutionaries'' first look video at Bollywood Hungama]

{{Nikkhil Advani}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Revolutionaries, The}}
[[Category:Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian web series]]
[[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]
[[Category:Historical television series]]
[[Category:Television shows based on books]]
[[Category:Upcoming Indian television series]]

Rasheeduddin Khan

2026-03-14T22:07:08Z

DesireeTietjen: new basic page w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian political scientist and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}

{{Infobox writer
| name = Rasheeduddin Khan
| image = File:Rasheeduddin Khan 2.jpg
| caption = Rasheeduddin Khan in the 1980s
| birth_date = 11 September 1924
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|4|25|1924|9|11|df=y}}
| death_place =
| occupation = [[political scientist]], [[author]], [[professor]]
| alma_mater = [[Nizam College]] [[University of Madras]] [[Delhi University]]
| nationality = Indian
| education =
| subject = [[Political science]], [[Federalism]]
| movement =
| awards =
| website =
| influences =
| influenced =
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* Hajra Bai Alladin (m. c.1950; died c.1965)
* Leela Narayan Rao
}}
| children = 2, including [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir]]
}}

'''Rasheeduddin Khan''' (11 September 1924 – 25 April 1996) was an Indian author, educator, and parliamentarian.

== Early life and education ==
Khan was born into a [[Pathan]] family from [[Kaimganj]] in the [[Farrukhabad district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. His family moved to [[Hyderabad]] when his father, Ghulam Akbar Yar Jung, was appointed a judge in the court of the Nizam of Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajya Sabha Member's List |url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/documents/Members/1628692460176.52_k.pdf |website=[[Rajya Sabha]], [[Government of India]] |page=10}}</ref>
He got his master's degree from [[Nizam College]] which was then affiliated with the [[University of Madras]]. He completed his doctoral studies at [[Delhi University]].

== Career ==
From 1970 to 1989, he held the positions of Founder Chairman and Professor at the Centre for Political Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]. In addition, he played the role of Founder Director at the Centre for Federal Studies, [[Jamia Hamdard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Federal Studies - Department Page, Jamia Hamdard |url=https://jamiahamdard.edu/Department/DisplayDeptPage.aspx?page=eacma&ItemID=eacsq&nDeptID=ks |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=[[Jamia Hamdard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahu |first=S.N. |date=2020-11-10 |title=What we Learned from C.P. Bhambri |url=https://www.newsclick.in/What-we-Learned-from-CP-Bhambri |access-date=2023-08-15 |website=NewsClick |language=en}}</ref>

He served as a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] for two terms: 1970 to 1976 and 1976-1982,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Hilal |date=2016 |title=Muslim Representation in the Rajya Sabha: Forms and Trajectories |url=http://164.100.213.102/rscmsnew/careers_documents/Hilal_Ahmed.pdf |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=[[Centre for the Study of Developing Societies]]}}</ref> representing India at the [[United Nations]] and other international forums. As a member of the Rajya Sabha, he held a position on the Public Accounts Committee during the years 1981-82, under the chairmanship of [[Satish Chandra Agarwal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1981 |title=Fifty-Eight Report Public Accounts Committee 1981-82: Levy of Wealth Tax on Big Agricultural Land Holdings and Incorrect Valuation of Unquoted Equity Shares |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/759276/1/pac_07_58_1980.pdf |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=Parliament Library of India |publisher=Department of Revenue, [[Ministry of Finance (India)]]}}</ref>

=== Federalism ===
Khan was recognized for his unwavering advocacy for a federal system of governance, establishing himself as a prominent scholar on the subject in the subcontinent. He expressed reservations regarding the social and cultural underpinnings of Indian federalism and the influence of politics on centralizing the country's federal system. He advocated for constitutional reforms that he believed were necessary to safeguard cooperative federalism from deteriorating into disintegrating federalism in the country.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kochanek |first=Stanley A. |date=1997 |title=Review of Rethinking Indian Federalism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3330603 |journal=Publius |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=139–141 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a029922 |jstor=3330603 |issn=0048-5950|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

According to Khan, the core essence of Indian federalism lies in regionalism. He contended that India can be best described as a multi-regional federation, and he rejected the notion that nationality and ethnicity alone can sufficiently explain the country's socio-cultural diversities. Khan emphasized that India's regions possess unique social, cultural, historical, linguistic, economic, and political characteristics. Therefore, he suggests that regional identity should be viewed as a holistic representation of the diverse nature of Indian society.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPS-003 India: Democracy and Development |url=https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/26038/1/Unit-21.pdf |website=eGyanKosh |publisher=[[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] |pages=46–47}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was first married to Hajra Bai, daughter of Seth Abdullah Alladin of [[Sikandrabad]], who was a stalwart devotee of the [[Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam]] and a successful businessman of the Alladin & Co (Soda and Ice Factory). He was married to Leela Narayan Rao, and together they had two children named Anusha Khan and [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2015-07-16 |title=Kabir Khan: Salman has no complexity and no complex |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/kabir-khan-salman-has-no-complexity-and-no-complex/articleshow/48084667.cms |access-date=2023-08-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Death ==
Khan died in 1996 at the age of 72 from natural causes.<ref name=":0" />

== Publications ==
===Books===
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000797286623872 |title=Endogenous Intellectual Creativity: The Ethos of the Composite Culture of India|date=1980 |publisher=[[United Nations University]]|isbn=9789280801071 |location=[[Tokyo]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282269283314944 |title=The Islamic Concept of Human Equality as an Axial Principle of Societal Transformation: Its Doctrinal Roots, Cross-cultural Permeation, and Interface with the Hindu Caste System|date=1982 |publisher=[[United Nations University]]|isbn=9789280804577 |location=[[Tokyo]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |title=Federal India: A Design for Change|date=1992 |publisher=[[S. Chand Group|Vikas Publishing House]]|isbn=9780706959727 |location=[[New Delhi]]|oclc=614818232 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url=https://vslopac.iima.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=108896|title=Bewildered India: Identity, Pluralism, and Discord|date=1994 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=9788124101858 |location=[[New Delhi]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url= |title=Sanghiye Bharat|date=1995 |publisher=Sāhitya Pablikeśanasa|isbn=9788124102213 |location=[[New Delhi]]}}
=== Edited Books ===
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url= |title=Composite Culture of India and National Integration|date=1984 |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]]|isbn=9788170231073 |location=[[Shimla]]}}
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url= |title=Rethinking Indian Federalism|date=1997 |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]]|isbn=9788185952505 |location=[[Shimla]]}}
=== Textbooks ===
* {{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Rasheeduddin |url= |title=Democracy in India: A Textbook in Political Science for Class 12 |date=1990 |publisher=[[National Council of Educational Research and Training]]|isbn= |location=[[New Delhi]]}}

== In media ==
=== Books ===
* {{cite book |last1=Abdulrahim |first1= Vijapur P |title=Dimensions of Federal Nation Building: Essays in Memory of Rasheeduddin Khan |date=1998 |publisher=[[Jamia Hamdard]] |isbn=9788186562598|location=[[New Delhi]]|oclc= 39516142 }}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Rasheeduddin}}
[[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century science writers]]

SMS 6260

2026-03-05T18:40:27Z

DesireeTietjen: new new article from scratch...

{{short description|Indian Kanglish language drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = SMS 6260
| image = SMS 6260 poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = VCD cover
| native_name = 
| director = [[Sundeep Malani]]
| writer = '''Dialogues:''' Sandeep Malani [[Mohan Shankar (actor)|Mohan Shankar]] Dilip Malani
| screenplay = Dilip Malani
| story = Sundeep Malani
| based_on = 
| producer = Prahalad Arasu Janu Arasu
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Diganth Manchale|Diganth]]
*Janu Arasu
*Arjun
*Smrti
*[[Kiran Srinivas|Kiran]]
*Badri
*Danny
*Karan
*Karen
*Sony
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = M. Selvam
| editing = Sanjeeva Reddy
| music = Michael Dayao Dr. Ravi Dattatreya Lokesh-Prakash
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|2|2}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''SMS 6260''''' is a 2007 Indian{{efn|Although the film's CBFC certificate states that the film is Kannada, much of the film is in English.<ref name="B"/>}} drama film written and directed by [[Sundeep Malani]]. The film features an ensemble cast of [[Diganth]], Janu, Arjun, Smrti, [[Kiran Srinivas|Kiran]], Badri, Danny, Karan, Karen, and Sony. The film was released to mixed reviews and ran for fifty days.<ref name="D"/>

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Diganth Manchale]] as Roshan
*Janu as Janu
*Arjun as Mahesh
*Smrti as Tina
*[[Kiran Srinivas]] as Kiran
*Badrinath Krishnamurthy as DJ Badri
*Danny as Krishna
*Karan as Karan
*Karen as Chrissy
*Sony as Tressy
*Loy as Lal
*Prithvi as Prithvi
*[[H. G. Dattatreya|Dattanna]] as Dattanna
*Jayalakshmi as Sarojamma
*Amithananda as Jay Darling
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
The film is directed by [[Sundeep Malani]], who worked as an associate director for ''[[Miss California (film)|Miss California]]'' (2006) also starring Diganth and Janu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_sms6260.asp|title='SMS' for fun and frolic...|work=[[Viggy]]|access-date=2022-12-20|archive-date=2022-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106001846/http://www.viggy.com/english/current_sms6260.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> The film's lead characters talk to each other through [[SMS]].<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=32094|title=News headlines|date=5 April 2007|work=[[Daijiworld Media]]|last=Viju|access-date=20 December 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106002107/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=32094|url-status=live}}</ref> The film also features dialogues spoken in Bengali, Kodava, Gujarati, Hindi, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Tulu.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=http://businessofcinema.com/2006/4jan/sms.htm|title=New age film SMS 6260 to hit theaters in February of 2007|work=Business of Cinema|access-date=2022-12-20|archive-date=2007-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127152137/http://www.businessofcinema.com/2006/4jan/sms.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot in Bangalore, Mangalore and Mysore.<ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sms/20070213.htm|title=First Look: SMS 6260|date=13 February 2007|work=[[Rediff.com]]|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R. G.|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|access-date=20 December 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106001609/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/sms/20070213.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The songs are composed by Michael Dayao, which features some English songs. Dr. Ravi Dattatreya and Lokesh-Prakash each composed one song each. The song "Nodamma Hudugi" from ''[[Premaloka]]'' (1987) was reused in the film.<ref name="R"/>
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Kannada Thayiya Madilalli
| length1 = 2:10
| lyrics1 = Nagendra Prasad
| extra1 = Narayanan Ravindranarhan, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| title2 = Lovers Rhyme
| length2 = 3:02
| lyrics2 = Michael Dayao
| extra2 = Michael Dayao
| title3 = Nodamma Hudugi
| length3 = 5:13
| lyrics3 = [[Hamsalekha]]
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Latha Hamsalekha]]
| title4 = Shiradi Saibaba Sthuthi
| length4 = 0:34
| lyrics4 = {{mdash}}
| extra4 = Dr. Jumna Dhanapati
| title5 = The Beautiful You
| length5 = 5:55
| lyrics5 = Alex Yakolev
| extra5 = Gregory Cortsev, Elena Sylantieva
| title6 = This Is Me
| length6 = 2:56
| lyrics6 = Michael Dayao
| extra6 = Michael Dayao
| title7 = This Is Me (Club Mix)
| length7 = 3:22
| lyrics7 = Michael Dayao
| extra7 = Michael Dayao
| title8 = SMS 6260
| length8 = 1:00
| lyrics8 = {{mdash}}
| extra8 = Instrumental
| title9 = Kannada Thaayiya Madilali
| length9 = 5:33
| lyrics9 = Nagendra Prasad
| extra9 = Narayanan Ravindranarhan, Eshwar Prakash, Sandeep Malani, K. S. Chithra
| total_length = 29:45
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "It's a must watch for all the IT sector&software professionals, College youngsters and the class audience - not to forget, the kids of 6 years to the cross over of 60 years too".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/2006/julie_2006.shtml|title=SMS6260 CLASS FILM: Sundeep Excels: Film Review :SMS6260|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423230732/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/how_is_it/2007/sms6260.shtml|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|archive-date=23 April 2008|author=CNB|date=26 February 2007}}</ref> Film critic [[R. G. Vijayasarathy]] of ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "Totally ''SMS 6260'' can be a film for the new generation, though qualitatively it could have been improvised".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3618/kannada/sms-6260/1083/review.htm|title=SMS 6260 Kannada Movie review|date=6 March 2007|last=Vijayasarathy|first=R. G.|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|access-date=20 December 2022|archive-date=6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106001603/https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3618/kannada/sms-6260/1083/review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{noteslist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14332188}}

{{Improve categories|date=July 2023}}
[[Category:2007 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:English-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]

Pudhumai Pithan (1957 film)

2026-03-04T04:59:21Z

DesireeTietjen: minor expanded references after review and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{More plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pudhumai Pithan (1957).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[T. R. Ramanna]]
| writer = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| producer = K. Muniratnam
| starring = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] [[T. R. Rajakumari]] [[B. S. Saroja]]
| cinematography = G. K. Ramu
| editing = R. Devarajan
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]]
| studio = Sivakami Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1957|8|2|ref1=}}
| runtime = 176 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pudhumai Pithan'' '''is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[T. R. Ramanna]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]], starring [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]] and [[B. S. Saroja]]. The film was released on 2 August 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். நடித்த படங்களின் பட்டியல் |url=http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181114041813/http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=Ithayakkani |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A king is imprisoned by his ambitious brother, who creates the impression that the king had died during an animal hunt. The crown prince was on a sea journey and returns to attend the king's fake funeral. During the funeral, the crown prince discovers the truth, via a secret message conveyed to him by the daughter of the palace physician. As expected, she falls in love with the prince. The king's sibling also plots to kill the prince by poisoning him with a drug, concocted by the palace physician. The drug was supposed to make the crown prince mad, who acts like a madman poisoned by the drug to fool everyone. The Prince is also helped by a woman drama troupe leader, who also had affection to the crown prince. Eventually, she sacrifices her life, leaving the prince to unite with the daughter of the palace physician. The plotting villains were avenged by the prince and his comedian sidekick.

== Cast ==
''Cast according to the opening credits''
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] as Jeevagan
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as Prathapan
* [[J. P. Chandrababu]] as Arivumani
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Parakraman
* [[R. Balasubramaniam]] as Dhunmuki
* C. S. Pandian as Chitraguptan
* P. S. Venkatachalam as Veeraiah
* C. V. V. Panthulu as Emperor
* C.R.Parthibhan as Nallannan (Brother of Inbavalli)
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
* [[T. R. Rajakumari]] as Inbavalli
* [[B. S. Saroja]] as Velvizhi
* [[E. V. Saroja]] as Aprajitha
* K. S. Angamuthu as Poonkodi
;Supporting cast
* Shantha, Rita, Jayanthi, Kamala, Vitto Bai, Shanthi, Chandra, Bala, Thara, Mohana, Janaki, Saroja, Rajeswari, Rukkumani, Leela, Ranganayaki, Saraswathi and Prema.
{{col-end}}

== Production ==
The film was directed by Ramanna and it was produced by K. Muniratnam under the banner Sivakami Pictures. The film's script was written by M. Karunanidhi and the cinematography was handled by G. Ramu.<ref name="hi">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=27 October 2012 |title=Blast From the Past – Puthumai Pithan 1957 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-puthumai-pithan-1957/article4037906.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102095101/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/blast-from-the-past-puthumai-pithan-1957/article4037906.ece |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=8 March 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> According to historian M. L. Narasimham, it was partly inspired by [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Hamlet]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=11 February 2016 |title=Blast from the Past: RAJAMAKUTAM (1960) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-rajasulochana-kannamba-gummadi-padmanabham-rajanala/article8223231.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809163538/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/starring-nt-ramarao-rajasulochana-kannamba-gummadi-padmanabham-rajanala/article8223231.ece |archive-date=9 August 2022 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]]. All lyrics were by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puthumai Pithan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/ve/album/puthumai-pithan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1436663414 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020105305/https://music.apple.com/ve/album/puthumai-pithan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1436663414 |archive-date=20 October 2022 |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Aiyya Yaarukku Venum" || [[A. G. Rathnamala]] || 03:30
|-
| "Azhagai Paar" || [[Jikki]] || 03:10
|-
| "Manamohanaa" || [[P. Leela]] || 03:36
|-
| "Ullam Rendum" || [[C. S. Jayaraman]] & Jikki || 03:20
|-
| "Maamannar Andha" || A. G. Rathnamala || 01:20
|-
| "Kanavaa Ninaivaa" || Jikki || 03:42
|-
| "Maaraadha Soozhchi" || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || 01:54
|-
| "Aaraichi Mani...Thillana Pattu Paadi" || [[J. P. Chandrababu]] & Jikki || 03:52
|-
| "Then Madhuvai Vandinam" || [[P. Susheela]] || 04:11
|-
| "Melam Kotti Thaali Katti" || C. S. Jayaraman || 03:47
|-
| "Karumbum Erumbum...Maane Un Mel" || C. S. Jayaraman || 01:45
|-
| "Pittham Theliya Marundhonrikkudhu" || C. S. Jayaraman || 01:03
|-
| "Yaaradi Nee Ingu Vandhaval" || C. S. Jayaraman || 01:36
|-
| "Naadhar Mudi Mel Irukkum" || M. G. Ramachandran|| 02:22
|}

== Reception ==
Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' wrote, this movie seems to be an album of MGR's various photo shots.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=25 August 1957 |title=புதுமைப்பித்தன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-08-25/page/92/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230315050956/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-08-25/page/92/mode/2up |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=20 October 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=92–93 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Historian [[Randor Guy]] opined that the film failed to click in box office during its first release, due the "predictable storyline".<ref name="hi" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{T. R. Ramanna}}

[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Ramanna]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Fools (2003 film)

2026-03-03T18:05:01Z

DesireeTietjen: put up a post

{{Short description|2003 Telugu film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Fools (2003 film).jpeg
| alt =
| caption = Film poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]
| writer = Dasari Narayana Rao
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Ravindra Babu
| starring = Dasari Narayana Rao [[Ramana (actor)|Srinath]] [[Gajala]]
| narrator =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| music = [[Vandemataram Srinivas]]
| studio = Sesha Sai Creations
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|2003|2|6|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Fools''''' is a 2003 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy film]] directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] and starring himself, [[Ramana (actor)|Srinath]] and [[Gajala]]. The film is inspired by the Malayalam film ''[[Godfather (1991 film)|Godfather]]'' although that film had already been remade into Telugu.

== Plot ==
Deepti's parents accuse her of being in love. Although Deepti is not in love, she runs into Narasimha Rao and falls in love with him to make her parents' accusation true. Narasimha Rao is part of a large family headed by his father, A. V. Narasimha Naidu, that includes five brothers (Ranga, Rajarao, Subbarao, Apparao, himself) and a sister. Narasimha Naidu did not marry off his sons because he wanted to find the perfect girl for them. However, his daughter was ostracized from the family after running away with another man. When Deepti and Narasimha Rao realize that they are part of the same family because Narasimha Rao's sister is Deepti's mother, they try to reunite the family.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Dasari Narayana Rao]] as Ranga
*[[Ramana (actor)|Srinath]] as Narasimha Rao
*[[Gajala]] as Deepti
*[[Giri Babu]] as Rajarao
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] as A. V. Narasimha Naidu
*[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Subbarao
*[[Sudhakar (Telugu actor)|Sudhakar]] as Apparao
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Manga
*[[L. B. Sriram]]
*[[Shakeela]]
*[[Ramya Sri]]
*[[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]]
*[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] (guest appearance)
*[[Krishna (Telugu actor)|Krishna]] as Deepti's father (guest appearance)
*[[Jayasudha]] as Deepti's mother (guest appearance)
*[[Krishna Kumari (actress)|Krishna Kumari]] (guest appearance)
{{Colend}}

== Production ==
Durga Nageswara Rao, MS Kota Reddy, and [[Relangi Narasimha Rao]] worked as assistant director for the film with Relangi assisting with comedy scenes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/news232.html|title=Protégés help Dasari to resurrect|date=29 January 2003|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music composed by [[Vandemataram Srinivas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-fools.html|title=Juke Box - Fools|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030107103016/http://www.idlebrain.com/audio/ajuke/box-fools.html|archive-date=7 January 2003}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Song !! Lyricist !! Singer(s)
|-
| "Soundaryama" || Dasari || [[M. M. Keeravani]], [[Usha (Telugu singer)|Usha]]
|-
| "Bus Ekkite"|| Taidala Bapu || [[Chakri (composer)|Chakri]]
|-
| "Aaku Chatu Pindelam"
|[[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
|Radhika, Sudha Rani
|-
| "Tannulu Tinte"
|Dasari
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]], Swarna Latha
|-
|Adugu Adagani
|Dasari
| [[R. P. Patnaik]], Nishka
|-
| "Ooi Entoy"
|Dasari
|[[Vandemataram Srinivas]], [[M. M. Srilekha]]
|}

== Reception ==
Gudipoodi Srihari of ''[[The Hindu]]'' said that "This is a full-length comedy, enjoyable almost throughout its run with Dasari at the helm. He handles the subject well as its director. Newcomer Srinath acts with ease".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mrg-fools.html|title=Fool-proof comedy|author=Gudipoodi Srihari|work=[[The Hindu]]|via=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=6 February 2003}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "The film looks too jaded with an old fashioned story. There`s nothing new in the way the film is packaged".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/fools-review-telugu-pcluwfhcbacfb.html|title=Fools|work=[[Sify]]|date=21 April 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531012349/https://www.sify.com/movies/fools-review-telugu-pcluwfhcbacfb.html|archive-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> Manju Latha Kalanidhi of ''Full Hyderabad'' opined that the film's plot is "flimsy" and non-existent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/fools/telugu/fools-movie-reviews-863-2.html|title=Fools Review|author=Manju Latha Kalanidhi|work=Full Hyderabad}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0339015}}
{{Dasari Narayana Rao}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2003 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2003 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dasari Narayana Rao]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vandemataram Srinivas]]

Tamil Muslim

2026-02-27T03:39:30Z

DesireeTietjen: new

{{Short description|Religious-ethnic group}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Tamil Muslims
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Muslims of tamilnadu (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = Rowthers of [[Madras Presidency]] in 1830
| population = {{Circa|10 million|lk=yes}}
| popplace = [[Peninsular India]], [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Western Europe]], [[North America]]
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rels = [[Islam]] (Sect – [[Sunni]], Madhab – Majority [[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]])
| related = [[Tamils|Tamil people]], [[Rowther|Rowthers]], [[Marakkar]], [[Labbay]]
}}
{{Tamils}}
{{Islam}}
'''Tamil Muslims''' are [[Tamils]] who practise [[Islam]]. The community is 10 million in [[India]], primarily in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] where 90% of the Muslim community identified themselves{{When|date=September 2025}} as Tamil Muslims.<ref>{{cite book |first=Mattison |last=Mines |chapter=Social stratification among the Muslims in Tamil Nadu, South India |title=Caste and Social Stratification Among Muslims in India |editor-first=Imtiaz |editor-last=Ahamed |publisher=Manohar |year=1978}}</ref><ref>''Muslim Merchants'' – ''The Economic Behaviours of the Indian Muslim Community'', Shri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources, New Delhi, 1972</ref> In Tamil Nadu, the majority of Tamil-speaking Muslims belong to the [[Rowther|Rowthers Community]] while other Muslims live in coastal Tamil Nadu. There is a substantial diaspora, particularly in Southeast Asia, which has seen their presence as early as the 13th century. In the late 20th century, the diaspora expanded to Western Europe, Persian Gulf and North America.<ref>{{cite book |first=A. R. |last=Sayeed |chapter=Indian Muslims and some Problems of Modernisation |title=Dimensions of Social Change in India |editor-first=M. N. |editor-last=Srinivas |year=1977 |page=217}}</ref>

==Ethnic identity==
[[File:Erwadimasjid.jpg|thumb|A typical minaret of a mosque in Tamil Nadu as seen here of [[Erwadi]] in [[Ramanathapuram District]]]]
Though numerically nominal, the community is not homogeneous. Its origin is shaped by centuries trade between the [[Bay of Bengal]] and the [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. By the 20th century, certain Tamil races began to be listed as [[social class]]es in official gazettes of different clans as [[Rowther]], [[Marakkar]], and [[Labbay]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100215215455/http://www.hanafionline.com/2007/10/branding-study-of-booming-mamak-food.html Tamil Muslims dominate restaurant industry in Malaysia]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |url=http://ier.sagepub.com/content/14/1/47.extract |title=Kings, Sects and Temples in South India, 1350–1700 A.D |first=Arjun |last=Appadurai |volume=XIV |issue=1 |year=1977}}</ref><ref>Hiltebeitel, A (1999) ''Rethinking India's oral and classical epics''. p. 376 (11). University of Chicago Press.{{ISBN|0-226-34050-3}}</ref><ref>Zafar Anjum, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101214083356/http://littleindia.com/news/123/ARTICLE/1267/2005-11-12.html Indians Roar In The Lion City]}}. littleindia.com</ref>

=== Rowther ===
{{Main|Rowther}}
The Rowther community is a large population of Muslim landowning community in the [[Chola Nadu|deltaic districts]] and [[Pandya Nadu|Southern districts]] of Tamil Nadu. They were famous for their cavalry and horse trade. Politicians [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Quaid-e-Millath]], [[P. Khalifulla Sahib|Dewan Khan Bahadur Khalifulla Sahib]] (he was the first Muslim from [[Madras Presidency]] go to London for studies), [[Karim Ghani]] veteran freedom fighter and a close associate of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subash Chandra Bose]], First woman judge of Supreme court of India [[Fathima Beevi]], Poets like [[Umaru Pulavar]], [[Kunangudi Masthan Sahib]], Fourth Nakkeerar [[Gulam Kadir Navalar]], [[P. Dawood Shah|Dawood Shah]] all are from Rowther Community. Rowthers constitute large part of the multi-ethnic Tamil Muslim community.<ref>{{Cite book |title=People of India: India's communities |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-563354-7 |editor=Singh, K. S. |location=New Delhi, India |pages=3001–3002 |oclc=40849565}}</ref> Ravuttars have also been found as Tamil [[polygar]]s, [[zamindar]]s and chieftains from the 16th to 18th centuries.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Hiltebeitel, Alf |title=The cult of Draupadī |date=1988–1991 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-34045-7 |location=Chicago |pages=13–14, 102 |oclc=16833684}}</ref> Traditionally, they were known as [[Maravar]]s, but after the arrival of Islam, they transformed into horseback warriors, hence adopting the Tamil name Rowther. The traditional homelands of the Rowthers were in the interior of South [[Tamilakam]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=More |first=J. B. Prashant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC&dq=ravuttars++in+tamil+country&pg=PA13 |title=Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil Nadu |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2632-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Rājāmukamatu |first=Je |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HxpuAAAAMAAJ&q=ravuthars+heroic |title=Maritime History of the Coromandel Muslims: A Socio-historical Study on the Tamil Muslims 1750–1900 |date=2005 |publisher=Director of Museums, Government Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jairath |first=Vinod K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKIT9muBRuoC&q=Rowthers+caste&pg=PT107 |title=Frontiers of Embedded Muslim Communities in India |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-19679-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Rajputs |title=Sarandib: An Ethnological Study of the Muslims of Sri Lanka |date=2007 |publisher=Asiff Hussein |isbn=978-955-97262-2-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":02" />

===Marakkayar===
{{Main|Marakkar}}
The [[Marakkar]] sect has been a maritime trading community in the [[Pandya Nadu|southern districts]] of Tamil Nadu. One notable sea-faring merchant, as recorded in the ''Chronicles of Thondaiman'', was Periya Thambi Nainar Marakkayar who is widely believed to be the first rupee millionaire. His son Seethakaathi, an altruist. [[B. S. Abdur Rahman]] was the first rupee billionaire Marakkayar. The 11th president of India [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] was also born in Marakkayar fisherman family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Affairs 2015: From a son of fisherman to the Post of President: APJ Abdul Kalam |url=https://www.india.com/education/current-affairs-2015-from-a-son-of-fisherman-to-the-post-of-president-apj-abdul-kalam-1580578/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>Sanjay Subramanian, ''The Political Economy of Commerce, Southern India 1500––1650'', New York 1990</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Jean-Baptiste |first=Prashant More |date=1991 |title=The Marakkayar Muslims of Karikal, South India |url= |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies |volume=2 |pages=25–44 |doi=10.1093/jis/2.1.25 |pmc=355923 |pmid=15455059 |via=Oxford Academic Journals}}</ref>

===Labbay===
{{Main|Labbay}}
Similar to the Jewish [[Levite]], the Labbay sect mainly engages in religious scholarship and avoids entrepreneurial activities.<ref name=":1" />

==Economy==
[[File:Tamilbell1.JPG|thumbnail|[[Tamil Bell]] with its inscription and translation]]
In Tamil Nadu, the community is well known as rentiers, entrepreneurs, gemstone jewellers and money changers with above State-average GDP per capita incomes.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCC6veZPfNoC&pg=PA60 |page=60 |title=The Muslim Private Sector in Southeast Asia: Islam and the Economic Development of Southeast Asia |editor-first=Mohamed |editor-last=Ariff |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=1991 |isbn=978-9-81301-609-5 |first=Amina |last=Tyabji |chapter=Minority Muslim Businesses in Singapore}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Henna on a Muslim bride's hands, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.jpg|thumb|[[Henna]] on a saree-clad bride's hands, [[Tamil Nadu]], India.]]

===Legends and rituals===
As a mark of modesty, women used to traditionally wear white [[purdah|''thuppatti'']] which is draped over their body on top of the [[Sari|''saree'']], only revealing their face. However, due to cultural exchange and evolving trends, nowadays, most women wear an ''[[Abaya]]'', which is usually black in color, paired with a [[headscarf]], as Purdah.

Many visit [[Dargah]]s and [[Masjid]]s on major life milestones like births, marriages and deaths<ref>Stephen F. Dale, ''Recent Researches on the Islamic Communities of Peninsular India'', ''Studies in South India'', ed. Robert E. Frykenbers and Paulin Kolenda (Madras 1985)</ref> and recite [[mawlid]].
[[File:JummaMasjid02.jpg|thumb|[[Jumma Masjid of Kilakarai|Keelakarai Jumma Masjid]], built in the 7th century, with prominent [[Dravidian architecture]], is one of the oldest mosques in Asia]]
[[File:TPL Mosque.JPG|thumb|[[Muhyuddin Andavar Mosque]], in the village of [[Thiruppanandal]], [[Thanjavur District]], [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
Rowther weddings have retained several Rajput traditions across generations like grooms going on a [[horseback]] procession. Surnames (identifying caste or tribe like Bohra, Bukhari, Chishti, Khan, Syed, Sahib, Shah, etc.) were positively discouraged by the community to avoid sectarianism in line with [[Dravidian movement|Dravidian reform movement]] of the 20th century.

===Art===
Music involves distinctively the Turkish [[daf]] and other [[percussion instrument]]s.

===Cuisine===
[[File:Tamil muslim payasam.jpg|thumb|Tamil Muslim Payasam during Ramadan]]
Cuisine is a tell-tale syncretic mixture of Tamil and other Asian recipes.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/canvas/2005/05/28/stories/2005052800130300.htm Business Line]
{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715202538/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/canvas/2005/05/28/stories/2005052800130300.htm |date=15 July 2007 }}</ref>

[[Biryani|Biriyani]], especially ''Rawther Style Biryani'', the ones made out of [[Lamb and mutton|mutton]], is the favorite in special occasions, particularly during wedding banquets and during Eid festivities. It is made by [[Samba (rice)|Seeraga Samba]] rice. In a typical Tamil Muslim Wedding, a Mutton Biryani is served, along with [[Raita|''Raitha'']], Brinjal Chutney, [[Chicken 65]], with desserts usually being either Bread Halwa (which is a molten variant of the Hyderabadi [[Double ka meetha|''Double ka Meetha'']] and the North Indian and Pakistani [[Shahi Tukra|''Shahi Tukda'']]) or [[Kesari bat|Rava Kesari]], along with [[Betel nut chewing|''Sweet Beeda'']]. ''[[Phirni]]'' and [[Zarda (food)|''<nowiki/>'Inippu Soru''']] while rarer, are also served as desserts in some weddings.

[[Spiced rice|Ghee rice]], served usually with a ''[[Dalcha]]'' or any other meat-based [[Korma|gravy]] is also a sought-after dish, usually prepared during [[Friday prayer|Jummah]] or during other special occasions. In Deltaic Regions, for wedding ceremonies, a dish by the name of '<nowiki/>''Anju Kari Soru''<nowiki/>' (roughly translates to 'Five Gravy Rice') is served. This spread includes Ghee rice, ''Dalcha'', a Chicken-based gravy ('''aanam''<nowiki/>' in Tamil), a Mutton-based gravy, a stir-fry made out of Mutton Liver, and a jam and banana combo mixed along with the rice as dessert. However, due to the rise of popularity in Biryani, this has increasingly become a rare spread.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVBrVLk_5TY |title=திருவாரூர் புது மாப்பிள்ளை ஸ்பெஷல் 5 கறி சோறு {{!}} Delta Food Exploring {{!}} 5 Curry Rice {{!}} Jabbar Bhai |date=2021-02-24 |last=Food Area Tamil |access-date=2024-07-17 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

During the month of Ramadan, the '[[Congee|Nonbu Kanji]]' is a staple for breaking the fast in [[Iftar]], served for free in almost every masjid in the state. Other snacks and delicacies that are popular during this month are ''[[Vada (food)|Vadai]], [[Samosa]], [[Sharbat (drink)|Sharbath]]''-based beverages, and a jelly-like dessert made out of [[Agar|''Agar-Agar'']] ('China Grass', called ''<nowiki/>'Kadal Paasi''<nowiki/>' in Tamil) and milk.

Desserts include the {{transliteration|hi|Dumroot}}, a [[semolina]] ('rava' in Tamil) ghee cake with soft center and hard crust at the top, is popular in the Rowther households.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/How-to-make%E2%80%A6Dumroot/article15900188.ece Dumroot is a speciality of delta cuisine]></ref> ''Watlappam'', is another dessert, a pudding, popular in Marakkayer households. ''[[Dodol]]'' is another halwa-based dessert, originally persumed to have come from Southeast Asia. Along with Bread Halwa, ''Rava Kesari'', ''Phirni,'' ''Inippu Soru'', and ''[[Kheer|Payasam]]'' made out of [[Vermicelli]].

Other delicacies include, ''[[Idiyappam]]'' and ''[[Parotta]]'', both of which are usually served with gravies (usually meat-based), usually had for either breakfast or for dinner. [[Chicken 65]], a popular fried starter, usually had with Biryani, is widely believed to have been invented by Buhari Hotel (Anna Salai, Chennai 600 002), whose founder was from Tirunelveli.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-08-12 |title=A gastronomic journey with biryani |url=https://www.thehindu.com/madras375/a-gastronomic-journey-with-biryani/article6309752.ece |access-date=2024-07-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Mini [[Samosa]]s, stuffed with minced (kheema) meat are also popular snack items. ''[[Murtabak]]'' is a meat-based stuffed parotta dish, originally speculated to have been brought from Yemen, and which eventually spread to South East Asian countries.

During Eid, breakfast usually includes ''[[Idli]]'' or ''Idiyappam'' with a mutton gravy, and ''payasam''.

===Literature===
Culture and literature are heavily influenced by the [[Qadiri]] flavour of [[Sufism]]. Their domain range from mystical to medical, from fictional to political, from philosophical to legal and spiritual.<ref>
[http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia]. (PDF) Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref><ref>''216th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – 5 January 2003. [https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version]
[https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html] accessed on 2009-08-14</ref>

The earliest literary works in the community could be traced to ''Palsanthmalai'', a work of eight stanzas written in the 13th century.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=Vasudha|title=India's Islamic Traditions, 711–1750|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-19-568334-X|editor-last=Eaton|editor-first=Richard M.|location=New Delhi|pages=393–408|chapter=Religious Vocabulary and Regional Identity: A Study of the Tamil Cirappuranam ('Life of the Prophet')}}</ref> In 1572, Seyku Issaku, better known as [[Vanna Parimala Pulavar]], published ''Aayira Masala Venru Vazhankum Adisaya Puranam'' detailing the Islamic principles and beliefs in a [[FAQ]] format. In 1592, [[Aali Pulavar]] wrote the ''Mikurasu Malai''. The epic ''[[Seera Puranam]]'' by [[Umaru Pulavar]] is dated to the 17th century<ref>[http://www.international.ucla.edu/southasia/article.asp?parentid=27779 The Diversity in Indian Islam]. International.ucla.edu. Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref> and still considered as the crowning achievement in canonical literature.<ref name=":0" /> Other significant works of 17th century include ''Thiruneri Neetham'' by Sufi master Pir Mohammad, ''Kanakabhisheka Malai'' by Seyku Nainar (alias [[Kanakavirayar]]), ''Tirumana Katchi'' by [[Sekathi Nainar]] and the Iraqi war ballad ''Sackoon Pataippor''.<ref>N. A. Ameer Ali, ''Vallal Seethakkathiyin Vaazhvum Kaalamum'', Madras 1983, p. 30–31, Ka. Mu. Sheriff, ''Vallal Seethakkathi Varalaru'', 1986, pp. 60–62, M. Idris Marakkayar, ''Nanilam Potrum Nannagar Keelakkarai'', 1990</ref>

Nevertheless, an independent identity evolved only in the last quarter of the 20th century triggered by the rise of Dravidian politics as well as the introduction of new mass communications and [[lithographic]] technologies.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/br/2004/10/12/stories/2004101200341500.htm Tamil Muslim identity]. Hindu.com (2004-10-12). Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=J.B.P.More|title=Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil Nadu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC&pg=RA1-PA289 |access-date=27 June 2012 |date= 2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2632-7 |pages=1–|author-link=J.B.P.More }}</ref> The world's first Tamil Islamic Literature Conference was held in [[Trichy]] in 1973. In the early 2000s, the Department of Tamil Islamic Literature was set up in the [[University of Madras]].<ref>[http://www.islamicvoice.com/february.2000/community.htm#TAM Islamic Voice]</ref> Modern notable writers include [[Mu. Metha]] and [[Inkulab|Pavalar Inqulab]],<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20041231001857/http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/26/stories/2004122604271000.htm Irandaam Jaamangalin Kathai]}}. Hindu.com. Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref>

== Role in politics ==
===Pre-independence===
[[P. Khalifulla Sahib|Kalifulla Shahib]] served as the minister for public works in the Cabinet of Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu in 1937. He was sympathetic to the cause of [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] and his Self-Respect Movement. He spoke against the introduction of compulsory Hindi classes in the Madras legislature and participated in the anti-Hindi agitations. He was a lawyer by profession and was known by the honorifics ''[[Khan Bahadur]]''. He became the ''[[Dewan]]'' of Pudukottai after withdrawal from political work. [[Mohammad Usman of Madras|Mohammad Usman]] was the most prominent among the early political leaders of the community. In 1930, [[Jamal Mohamed College|Jamal Mohammad Rowther]] became the president of the Madras Presidency Muslim League.<ref>{{cite book|author=J.B.P.More|title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras 1930–1947 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDht7OyOjXMC&pg=PA116 |access-date=27 June 2012 |date= 1997 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1192-7 |pages=116–|author-link=J.B.P.More }}</ref> [[Yakub Hasan Sait]] served as a minister in the Rajaji administration. [[Karim Ghani]], veteran freedom fighter and a close associate of Subash Chandra Bose, who hailed from [[Ilayangudi]], served as Information Minister in Netaji ministry during the 1930s.

===Post-independence===
Since the late 20th century, politicians like [[M. Muhammad Ismail|Muhammad Ismail Rowther]] (founder of [[Indian Union Muslim League]]) and [[Dawood Shah]] advocated Tamil to be made an official language of India due to its antiquity in parliamentary debates<ref>[http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/art-culture/essays/2007/book-review-islamiya-periyar-dawood-sha.html Tamil Muslim Periyar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930204751/http://thatstamil.oneindia.in/art-culture/essays/2007/book-review-islamiya-periyar-dawood-sha.html |date=30 September 2011 }} Thatstamil.oneindia.in. Retrieved on 2012-06-27</ref> The community was united in a single political party under ''Quaid-e-Millath'' presidency for 27 years keeping rabble-rousers away until his death in 1972. His support was invaluable for ruling parties in the state, as well as in the Centre. He was instrumental in framing and obtaining the minority status and privileges for minorities in India thus safeguarding the [[Constitution of India]]. His newspaper ''Urimaikkural'' was a very popular daily.

[[S. M. Abdul Majid]] Sahib is an Indian politician and former member of Legistative Assembly. He served as the local Administration Minister in the [[Kamaraj ministry ]] 1962 and 1963. [[S. M. Muhammed Sheriff]] was the first elected IUML MP from Tamil Nadu. He produced clear documentary evidence that [[Kachchatheevu]] belonged to India. During [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]], he was the advisor to the Governor. [[M. M. Ismail]] became Chief Justice in 1979 and was sworn in as Acting Governor of Tamil Nadu in 1980. As ''Kamban Kazhagam'' president, he organized literary festivals, that focused on classical Tamil literature. Justice S. A. Kader who was the Judge of Madras High Court during 1983–89 became the President of Tamil Nadu State Government Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission on retirement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/circular/senioradvocates.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 February 2013 |archive-date=22 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222055651/http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/circular/senioradvocates.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the early 1990s, the [[Indian National League]] split from the IUML.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110125180837/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/21/stories/2011012164140500.htm Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Indian National League State unit dissolved]}}. ''The Hindu'' (2011-01-21). Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref> The non-denominational [[social reform]] movements (called [[Ghair Muqallid]]) began to take the front stage (to fight superstition creep) spearheaded by [[P. Jainulabdeen]] further weakening the IUML and causing unrest among community elders who preferred [[status quo]]. Nevertheless, the [[Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham]] was constituted in 1995. This non-profit organization quickly became popular and assertive among the [[working class]] youth.

===21st century===
In 2009, the [[Manithaneya Makkal Katchi]], the political arm of TMMK was formed. The TMMK itself split to form the break-away organisation [[Tamil Nadu Thowheed Jamath]] soon. In 2011, MMK won 2 of 3 contested Assembly seats ''viz.'' Ambur ([[A. Aslam Basha]]) and Ramanathapuram ([[M. H. Jawahirullah]]). Broadly speaking, the community tends to support [[laissez faire]] and [[free trade]]; and have been unimpressed by [[Communism]] as a [[public policy]] though fringe groups often called for [[affirmative action]] in the last quarter of the 20th century.<ref>Susan Bayly, ''Saints, Goddesses and Kings — Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society'', Cambridge, 1989</ref> New generation of leaders like Daud Sharifa Khanum have been active in pioneering social reforms like independent mosques for women.<ref>Biswas, Soutik. (2004-01-27) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3429695.stm World's first Masjid for Women]. BBC News. Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref><ref>Pandey, Geeta. (2005-08-19)
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4165440.stm World {{!}} South Asia {{!}} Women battle on with mosque plan]. BBC News. Retrieved on 2012-06-27.</ref><ref>[http://www.countercurrents.org/gender-anand020904.htm S.T.E.P.S.]</ref><ref>[https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/taking-on-patriarchy/article5037878.ece Taking on patriarchy]</ref> MLAs and MPs such as [[A. Anwar Rhazza]], [[J. M. Aaroon Rashid]], Abdul Rahman, Jinna, Khaleelur Rahman, [[S. N. M. Ubayadullah]], Hassan Ali and [[T. P. M. Mohideen Khan]] are found across all major Dravidian political parties like [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]], [[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam|DMDK]] and [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]], as well as national parties like the [[Indian National Congress|INC]].

==Demographics==

{{Empty section|date=January 2024}}

==Notable Tamil Muslims==
{{main|List of Tamil Muslims}}


==See also==
{{Portal|Tamils|Islam|India
}}
* [[Tamil Muslim population by cities]]
* [[Seera Puranam]] – Islamic Tamil epic

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Sinnappa Arasaratnam, ''Merchants, Companies and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast 1650–1740'', New Delhi, 1986
* ''Maritime India in the Seventeenth Century'', New Delhi 1994
* ''Maritime Commerce and English Power (South East India), 1750–1800'', New Delhi 1996
*
* ''Indian Merchants and the Decline of Indian Mercantile Activity, the Coromandel case'', ''The Calcutta Historical Journal'', Vol. VII, No. 2/1983, pp. 27–43
* ''Commerce, Merchants and Entrepreneurship in Tamil Country in 18th century'', paper presented in the 8th World Tamil Conference seminar, Thanjavur, 1995
* {{Cite book |last=Kumari |first=Ashok Pratap Singh& Patiraj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHNsxbiEM4UC&dq=Global+Encyclopedic+Ethnography+Of+Indian+Muslim&pg=PT4 |title=Psychological Implications in Industrial Performance |date=2007 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-200-9 |pages=813–816 |language=en}}

==External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{Cite web|date=13 May 2010|title=TNTJ demands 10 percentage reservation for Muslims|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/article454495.ece|website=[[The Hindu]]}}
{{Indian Muslim}}

[[Category:Muslim communities of India]]
[[Category:Tamil society]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Islam in Tamil Nadu]]

William Emerson (British architect)

2026-02-25T12:09:08Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up entry.

{{Short description|British architect (1843–1924)}}
{{about|the British architect|the American Shingle Style architect|William Ralph Emerson|the American architect and MIT professor|William Emerson (American architect)}}
{{Infobox architect
| honorific_prefix = Sir
| name = William Emerson
| honorific_suffix = [[FRIBA]]
| image = Sir William Emerson in WT Pike London (2c).jpg
| caption = Sir William Emerson, in 1905
| birth_date = {{birth date|1843|12|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[London]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|1924|12|06|1843|12|03|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Shanklin]], England
| occupation = architect
| practice =
| significant_buildings = {{ublist|[[Crawford Market]]|[[All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad]]|[[Muir Central College]]|[[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata]]}}
| significant_projects =
| alma_mater = [[King's College London]]
}}
'''Sir William Emerson''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRIBA}} (3 December 1843 – 26 December 1924) was a British architect, who was President of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] (RIBA) from 1899 to 1902, and worked extensively in India.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Emerson, Sir William|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=557–558|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA557}}</ref> He was the original architect chosen to build [[Liverpool Cathedral]].

==Early life and education==
Born in 1843, he was son of a silk manufacturer in [[Whitechapel]], London, and educated at [[King's College, London]]. Around 1861, he was articled to William Gilbee Habershon, who soon thereafter entered into partnership with Alfred Robert Pite. Emerson subsequently became a pupil of [[William Burges]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://archiseek.com/2009/sir-william-emerson-1843-1924/| title =Emerson, Sir William (1843-1924)| work =Archiseek - Irish Architecture| date =7 June 2009| publisher = archiseek|accessdate = 8 January 2011}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Early career ===
[[File:Allsaintcathedral_ald.jpg|thumb|[[All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad]]]]
He went to India in 1864, initially to supervise the building of Bombay school of art in Bombay to Burges’s plan, which in the event was never built. Instead he stayed on to practice architecture in Bombay, returning to London in 1869, where he opened an office in Westminster. He continued however to do his best work in India. His first big commission was for Mumbai's Gothic [[Crawford Market]] (1865–71) with a fountain executed by [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s father, [[John Lockwood Kipling]], who was also responsible for the bas-reliefs on the main entrance.

=== Stints in Allahabad and Bhavnagar ===
Thereafter he moved to Allahabad where he designed his most important works, [[All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad]] (1869–93) and [[Muir Central College|Muir College]] (1872-78). He then did two buildings for the princely [[Bhavnagar State]], Nilambag Palace (1894–95) and the Takhatsinhji Hospital (1879–83).

In 1896, he designed the Clarence Memorial Wing [[St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington]], London

=== Later work and Victoria Memorial ===
Eventually he designed his most known building, the [[Victoria Memorial]] (1905–21) in Calcutta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/emerson/index.html|title=Sir William Emerson (1843-1924)|publisher=The Victorian Web|accessdate=8 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Philip Ward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC&q=All+Saints+Cathedral%2C+Allahabad&pg=PA280|title=Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1998|isbn=8125013830|page=280}}</ref>[[File:Victoria Memorial situated in Kolkata.jpg|thumb|Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta]]He was admitted [[ARIBA]] on 12 February 1866, his proposers being Burges, Coutts Stone and Henry Edward Kendall; and was elevated to FRIBA on 21 April 1873, his proposers being Stone, Thomas Hayter Lewis and Thomas Roger Smith. He was President of the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] (RIBA) from 1899 to 1902, and was [[Knight Bachelor|knighted]] in the [[1902 Coronation Honours]],<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Coronation Honours |date=26 June 1902 |page=5 |issue=36804}}</ref> receiving the accolade from King [[Edward VII]] at [[Buckingham Palace]] on 24 October that year.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27494 |date=11 November 1902 |page=7165 }}</ref>

Most of his later work was in India; his most familiar being the design of the marble clad [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Memorial Hall]] in Calcutta (1905 onwards), described as "Britain's answer to the Taj Mahal". Although asked to design a building in the Italian Renaissance style, Emerson was against the exclusive use of European styles and instead incorporated Mughal elements into the structure.

He died in [[Shanklin]], [[Isle of Wight]] in 1924.

== Personal life ==
He had married in 1872 Jenny, the daughter of Coutts Stone and sister of fellow architect [[Percy Stone]].

== Style ==
[[File:Au science faculty.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Muir Central College]]]]
Emerson was a pioneer of the [[Indo-Saracenic]] style, which developed in the 19th and 20th centuries in British India.

===List of buildings===

* 1869 - [[Crawford Market]], Bombay (now Mumbai), India
* 1870 - [[All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad]], [[India]]
* 1872 - [[Muir Central College|Muir College]], Allahabad (now Prayagraj)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060618201033/http://www.hindu.com/yw/2006/06/09/stories/2006060900150200.htm Muir College] ''[[The Hindu]]'', June 9, 2006.</ref>
* 1878 - [[St Mary the Virgin Church, Brighton]], Sussex
* 1879 - Takhatsinhji Hospital, [[Bhavnagar]]
* 1894 - Nilambag Palace, [[Bhavnagar]]
* 1896 - Clarence Memorial Wing [[St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington]], London
* 1905 - The [[Victoria Memorial]], Calcutta (now Kolkata), India
* 1916 - High School, [[Vadodara]]
His design for Liverpool cathedral won first prize in the first, abortive competition in 1883.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Crawford Market.png|[[Crawford Market]], Mumbai
File:Au science faculty.jpg| Muir College now part of [[Allahabad University]]
File:Nilambagh Palace, Bhavnagar.jpg|Nilambagh Palace, Bhavnagar
File:Clarencewing.JPG|Clarence Memorial Wing [[St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington]], London
File:St Mary the Virgin Church, Upper St James's Street, Brighton.jpg|St Mary the Virgin Church, Upper St James's Street, Brighton.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|William Emerson (British architect)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emerson, William}}
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1924 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Whitechapel]]
[[Category:Architects from London]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Royal Institute of British Architects]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

St. Anthony's Boys' School, Cleveland Town

2026-02-21T23:20:20Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up new location

{{unreferenced|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = St. Anthony's Boys' School
| native_name =
| image = Sabspic.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| alt =
| caption =
| address = St. John's Road, [[Fraser Town, Bangalore|Fraser Town]]
| city = [[Bangalore]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| postal_code = 560005
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|12|59|32|N|77|36|42|E|display=inline,title}}
| type = Public
| motto = Duty, Discipline, Dedication
| established = {{Start date and age|1913}}
| founder = Rev Fr. Servanton
| sister_school =
| school_board =
| principal = Mrs. Sagaya Mary (Higher Primary)
| principal1 = Ms. Teena Bertha D'Mello (High School)
| faculty =
| teaching_staff =
| grades = I to X
| years =
| gender = Boys
| enrolment = 900+
| enrolment_as_of = 2014
| avg_class_size =
| ratio =
| language = English
| hours_in_day =
| colours =
| accreditation =
| alumni =
| website = {{URL|www.stanthonysboysschool.com}}
}}

'''St. Anthony's Boys' School''' is an English medium school in [[Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], India.

==History==
[[File:Late Rev Fr. Servanton.JPG|left|175px|thumb|Founder & the First Manager]]

The school was founded in 1913 by a French Missionary Rev. Fr. Servanton. He served the parish and the school from 1898-1948.

When the school was established in 1913, there were only two dedicated masters, Mr. Thambu who was the head master himself and Mr. Thangam who assisted him. The start was made only with a few students and the classes were conducted in the present parish hall which was an old and small library then. The school had no buildings of its own.

Rev. Msgr. I. B. Pinto took the initiative and responsibility of putting up a permanent structure, without any financial backing and shouldering all the financial constrains. It was in 1950 that St. Anthony's Primary School had a permanent ground floor. Rev. Fr. Anthony Sequeira took over and obtained a grant and approval for appointments in the department. During this period the number of staff also grew in size.

Miss B. T. Sakku was appointed as Headmistress in 1955, served the school almost 35 years. To meet the increasing demand of the students, she succeeded in getting departmental approval to open classes 6 and 7 in the year 1959 and also additional sections to classes 1 to 7. The Present Headmistress Mrs. J. Sagayamary was appointed in 1976 as an Asst. Mistress and posted as Graduate Headmistress in 1992. She has rendered her service for almost 37 years.
[[File:School in 1950.JPG|right|175px|thumb]]

==Logos==
<gallery widths="100px" heights="100px">
Sabspic.jpg|Original Logo
JubileeLogoGrand.jpg|100 years Jubilee logo
JubileeLogo BW.jpg|100 Years Monochrome Jubilee Logo
</gallery>

The school logo incorporates the motto and has four symbols engraved in middle shield with significance as below:

* The BOOK signifies the Excellence in Knowledge.
* The Lotus Bud signifies the growth of every student in Life like the National Flower Lotus from Bud to full blossom.
* The Excellence in sports is highlighted with the symbols like Football, Hockey Stick, Ball, again importance provided to the national Sport Hockey.
* The Lamp Signifies the enlightenment of the student with Knowledge attained in the school.

A new logo was created as part of the 100 years Celebration in the year 2014. the Traditional logo was updated with addition of 10 stars signifying 10 decades of School's service. A highlighted Label with 100 years Engraved was added on the bottom to commemorate the Special occasion.

==Facilities==
The school has 2 Blocks as part of "St. Anthony's Higher Primary School" and "St. Anthony's Boys High School".

First Block houses Classes I to VII with two floors containing class rooms, an assembly area, a computer lab, and an auditorium.

Second Block houses Classes VIII to X with class rooms, a sports room, a laboratory, and a library.

<gallery mode=packed>
Jean-Baptiste Servanton's signboard in Bangalore.JPG|Rev. Fr. Servanton Circle, (St. Johns Church Road, Saunders Road, Seppings Road Junction), named after the school's founder
SABSBLD.JPG|Old School Photo
SABS Front.jpg|Recent School Photo
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.stanthonysboysschool.com/}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Anthony's Boys' School, Cleveland Town}}
[[Category:Christian schools in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Primary schools in Karnataka]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1913]]
[[Category:1913 establishments in India]]

Purola

2026-02-19T15:32:07Z

DesireeTietjen: new basic post initial version...

{{more citations needed|date=December 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Purola
| coordinates = {{coord|30.8789|N|78.0852|E|display=inline,title}}
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttarakhand#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttarkashi district|Uttarkashi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Tehsil]]
| governing_body = Nagar Palika Parishad
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1,524
| population_total = 33792
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Bangani]]
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 249185
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-1373
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#UK.E2.80.94Uttarakhand|UK]]-10
| website = {{URL|uk.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Purola''' is a [[nagar palika]] and [[tehsil]] headquarters in the [[Uttarkashi district]] of the Indian state of [[Uttarakhand Information Commission|Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euttaranchal.com/tourism/purola.php|title=Purola Travel Guide – Why Visit Purola Town? Purola Tourism Travel Tips|website=euttaranchal.com}}</ref> It is located on the banks of the [[Tons river]].

== Geography ==
Purola is a semi-urban settlement. It is famous for its Har-ki-Dun trek. It is around 158 kilometres from [[Chamba, Uttarakhand|Chamba]], 107 km from [[Uttarkashi]] and 133 km from capital [[Dehradun]].

== Demographics ==
The population of the city is about 34,000. Most of the population speak [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]].

== Economy ==
The main occupation is agriculture, government, and business. It is near the [[Maneri Bhali Hydroelectric Project (disambiguation)|Maneri Bhali Hydroelectric Project]].

== Politics ==
This town comes under the [[Purola Assembly constituency]] and is a part of the [[Tehri Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Uttarkashi district]]

{{Uttarakhand-geo-stub}}

MC Kash

2026-02-10T03:19:06Z

DesireeTietjen: put up basic post v1

{{Short description|Kashmiri rapper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = MC Kash
| image = TM202403122.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Mc Kash in 2021
| birth_name = Roushan Illahi
| alias = MC Kash
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1990}}
| birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India
| genre = [[Rap]], [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mckashofficial.com/bio|title=Bio|work=MC Kash|accessdate=20 September 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023093302/https://www.mckashofficial.com/bio|archivedate=23 October 2014}}</ref>
| instrument = Vocals
| years_active = 2009–2016
| label = Independent
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
Alif (previously Highway 61), Ali Saffudin, 101 India
}}
| website = {{URL|mckashofficial.com}}
}}

'''Roushan Illahi''' (born 1990) popularly known by his stage name '''MC Kash''' is a Kashmiri emcee/rapper.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/617461/kashmir-rappers-battle-to-be-heard/|title=Kashmir rappers battle to be heard|work=The Express Tribune|date=13 October 2013|accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref> Taking his stage name from his place of birth- Kashmir, MC Kash is an independent musician based out of Srinagar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Hip-hop artists should cling to community vibe|url=https://thekashmirwalla.com/2021/02/hip-hop-artists-should-cling-to-community-vibe/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218115549/https://thekashmirwalla.com/2021/02/hip-hop-artists-should-cling-to-community-vibe/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=18 February 2021|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Kashmir Walla|language=en-US}}</ref> Born in 1990, Kash belongs to a generation of [[Kashmiri Muslims]] that grew up surrounded by violence of the [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|insurgency]] in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.101india.com/music/mc-kash-aka-roushan-illahi-hip-hop-homeland|title=MC Kash aka Roushan Illahi: Hip Hop Homeland|website=101 India|access-date=21 November 2020}}</ref> He has been called a Street Poet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westminster.ac.uk/events/kashmiri-politics-of-identity-art-resistance-ii|title=Kashmiri politics of identity/art/resistance II – Centre for the Study of Democracy – University of Westminster, London|website=westminster.ac.uk|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref>

MC Kash burst on the scene with his first studio recorded single [[I Protest]] (Remembrance) in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11928968|title=MC Kash raps for Kashmir protest victims|work=BBC News |date=20 December 2010 |access-date=20 December 2010}}</ref>

==Biography==
He was born in 1990 [[Srinagar]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/04/25/524903956/a-new-generation-of-kashmir-rappers-vents-its-rage-in-the-valley|title=A New Generation of Kashmir Rappers Vents Its Rage in the Valley|publisher=NPR|access-date=14 May 2017}}</ref> His father is a Doctor and his mother is a teacher.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11928968|title=Kash's early life|work=BBC News |date=20 December 2010 |access-date=20 December 2010}}</ref> He is one of the notable alumni of [[Burn Hall School]]. Illahi completed his bachelor's degree in business administration from [[Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar|Islamia College of Science and Commerce]], Srinagar (2012). He did his Master's in Convergent Journalism, [[Central University of Kashmir]] (2015). Roushan Illahi is also a participant to Swedish Institute's South Asian leadership programme Young Connectors of the Future (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sasnet.lu.se/article/successful-swedish-institute-leadership-programme-for-young-southasians|title=Successful Swedish Institute leadership programme for young Southasians|access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Kash says it was a track from [[Beastie Boys]] titled ‘[[No Sleep till Brooklyn]]’ that introduced him to hip hop music. He credits [[2pac Shakur]] and [[Eminem]] as major musical influences. He also mentions being inspired by the [[civil rights movement]] in the United States of America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirlife.net/rebel-republic-mc-kash-10506/2/|title=MC Kash Inspirations|date=19 November 2012 |access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref>

Kash is considered as the person behind the inception of [[Hip hop|Hip Hop]] music in [[Indian Administered Kashmir]]. Many young and emerging rappers admire Kash and are inspired by his music. He is referred as a person who started Hip Hop Kashmir. Rapping has been popular in Kashmir since Kash became famous.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirsolidarity.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/on-mc-kash/|title=Kashmir Solidarity Network, ON MC KASH|website=kashmirsolidarity.wordpress.com|date=15 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/valley-s-first-rapper-attracts-youth-by-singing-about-turmoil/story-KE3JVFXawpf0cCAG6jeiYK.html|title=Valley's first rapper attracts youth by singing about turmoil|website=hindustantimes.com|date=14 November 2010 |access-date=14 November 2010}}</ref> Kash got featured in multiple documentaries and one of the documentary ''MC Kash'' was nominated in Diversity in Cannes (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/198493215|title=MC Kash {{!}} Narrative, Documentary. Beyond Borders, Diversity in Cannes, 2018|date=7 January 2017 |via=Vimeo|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldfilmpresentation.com/film/mc-kash|title=Political strife turned Kashmiri Rapper MC Kash takes to the hip hop life|website=worldfilmpresentation.com|access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref> and he has been featured in other documentaries like ''Take It in Blood'', directed by Rana Ghose. The documentary follows MC Kash as he meets Kashmiri activist [[Parveena Ahanger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/811914/kashmir-documentary-take-it-in-blood-has-a-conversation-with-the-past-to-speak-to-the-present|title=Kashmir documentary 'Take It in Blood' has a conversation with the past to speak to the present|website=scroll.in|date=17 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3597098/|title=Take it in Blood|publisher=IMDb|access-date=11 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiearth.com/UserUploads/PDF/68c2c22b06c24360a679.pdf|title=Feature documentary on Kashmiri rapper MC Kash|website=indiearth.com}}</ref> Kash has also been featured the award-winning music documentary ''Soz: A Ballad of Maladies'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6119224/|title=A Ballad of Maladies (2016)|publisher=IMDb|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/kashmir/soz-a-ballad-of-maladies/|title=Soz: A Ballad of Maladies|website=greaterkashmir.com|access-date=4 November 2016}}</ref>

==Music career==
Illahi released his song [[I Protest|I Protest (Remembrance)]] during the [[2010 Kashmir unrest]] which was a series of violent clashes between the locals and security forces.<ref name="auto"/> The song became an "anthem of dissent."<ref name="auto"/> He has been an idol to many emerging [[rappers]] of [[Kashmir]]. MC Kash is considered as one of the most prominent face of protest music in South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://homegrown.co.in/article/32002/10-activist-musicians-from-india-giving-voice-to-important-social-issues|title=10 Activist Musicians From India Giving Voice To Important Social Issues, MC Kash whose rap is the voice of local Kashmiris|website=homegrown.co.in|access-date=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-kashmir-rapper-uses-rhymes-to-protest-indian-rule-2010nov26-story.html|title=Kash chose to rap in english|website=sandiegouniontribune.com|access-date=23 November 2010}}</ref> with his rap being downloaded and seen as an act of protest by youth of [[Kashmir]]. Songs like ''Listen, My Brother, Rebel RebubliK : Liberation, Heart of a Rebel, Take it in Blood'' and many other songs were a part of MC Kash's Album Rebel RepubliK. He portrays the daily hardships of the people living in the valley.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armchairjournal.com/protest-music-a-lost-art/|title=Protest music: A lost art?|website=armchairjournal.com|date=2 February 2020 |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> In 2016 he collaborated with 101 India for the first ever Sufi rap music with the song hitting many views. In ''Like a Sufi'', "Sufi-ethnic rock meets hip hop in India's first ever Sufi rap. India's first Sufi Rap brings together Alif's signature Sufi ethnic rock sound with Kashmiri rapper MC Kash's strong lyrics and hip hop beats."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/kashmiri-rapper-who-shot-to-fame-during-2010-unrest-breaks-the-internet-with-sufi-rap/story-i89BNs2EdlzoRiaLemtbDO.html|title=Kashmiri rapper who shot to fame during 2010 unrest breaks the internet again|website=hindustantimes.com|date=25 June 2016 |access-date=26 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/a-kashmiri-rapper-and-a-band-come-together-to-give-sufi-music-a-twist/story-m5MI57NJhuXRPxTVoUQQTP.html|title=A Kashmiri rapper and a band come together to give Sufi music a twist|website=hindustantimes.com|date=8 July 2016 |access-date=9 July 2016}}</ref>

==Personal views==
MC Kash has been covered by [[BBC]] and [[Fox Life (Indian TV channel)|Fox traveller]] where he mostly spoke of Kashmir and the [[Human rights abuses in Kashmir]]. Explaining his choice of English language he says "English is a universal language. Kashmiris know how they have suffered. So if I went on to rap about it in Kashmiri, that would be useless".<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-kashmir-rapper-uses-rhymes-to-protest-indian-rule-2010nov26-story.html|title=Kash chose to Rap in english|website=sandiegouniontribune.com|access-date=23 November 2010}}</ref>

He relates [[Gaza City|Gaza]] and [[Kashmir]] saying, "Gaza and Kashmir are related. A stone relates us. Humiliation relates us. Occupation relates us. Anger relates us. The human rights violations relate us. [[Intifada]] relates us," he tells the [[BBC]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11928968|title=MC Kash raps for Kashmir protest victims|date=20 December 2010 |publisher=BBC News|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref>

In late 2010 the Indian police raided his studio see if he was being backed by a [[Kashmir conflict|separatist]] or [[militant]]. MC Kash said in an interview that he is independent: "Nobody is paying me. Nobody told me to go sing about Kashmir."<ref name="auto1"/>

== Discography ==
# ''The Vault'' (2009–2012) MC Kash songs produced between 2009 & 2012.
# Anno Domini Beats, Southpaw, MC Kash.
# [[I Protest|I Protest (Remembrance)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mronline.org/2010/09/16/i-protest-remembrance/|title=I Protest (Remembrance) MR Online|website=mronline.org|date=16 September 2010 |access-date=16 September 2010}}</ref>
# Take It in Blood (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/young-restless/film-captures-mc-kash-and-tales-of-loss-from-the-valley|title=Film captures MC Kash and tales of loss from the Valley|website=sunday-guardian.com|access-date=23 March 2013}}</ref>
# The Bridge of No Return (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a47zWwJcu-Y|title=The Bridge of No Return (21st January, 1990) – MC Kash|date=20 January 2012 |via=YouTube|access-date=20 January 2012}}</ref>
# Beneath This Sky, (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPiCzV7-irI|title=MC Kash – Beneath This Sky (Official video)|website=[[YouTube]] |date=23 July 2011 |access-date=23 July 2011}}</ref>
# One young Kashmir, (2011)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Rapper-MC-Kash-creates-storm-as-ldquoOne-Young-Kashmirrdquo-summit-ends/article14964026.ece|title=Rapper MC Kash creates storm as "One Young Kashmir" summit ends|website=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 March 2011 |access-date=27 March 2011}}</ref>
# ''Rebel Republik'' (2012) Debut MC Kash studio album<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/kashmiri-rapper-mc-kash-releases-debut-album/|title=Kashmiri Rapper MC Kash Releases Debut Album|date=23 November 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012}}</ref>
# I See a Massacre (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nul2DQAPQ_A|title=MC Kash – I see a Massacre (Prod by Southpaw)|date=31 March 2012 |via=YouTube|access-date=31 March 2012}}</ref>
# Listen my Brother (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRnU_TfsJlQ|title=MC Kash – Listen, My Brother. This song is from MC Kash's self produced debut album, Rebel RepubliK|date=24 November 2012 |via=YouTube|access-date=24 November 2012}}</ref>
# Family Portrait (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-RO6J6WNAI|title=MC Kash – Family Portrait|date=14 July 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
# ''Rebel Republik: Liberation'' (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirglobal.com/2013/02/22/mc-kash-releases-album-in-memory-of-maqbool-butt-in-kashmir.html|title=MC Kash releases album in memory of Maqbool Butt in Kashmir|website=kashmirglobal.com|access-date=22 March 2013}}</ref>
# ''Orchestra of War,'' Beethoven Fur Elise Remix (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.tehelka.com/when-you-take-away-peoples-right-there-can-be-no-peace-mc-kash-on-zubin-mehtas-concert/|title=Orchestra of war, When you take away people's right, there can be no peace': MC Kash on Zubin Mehta's concert|website=old.tehelka.com|access-date=6 September 2013}}</ref>
# ''Hukus Bukus'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freepresskashmir.com/2019/04/05/8-kashmiri-songs-that-reflect-cycle-of-life-and-death-in-kashmir/|title=8 songs by Kashmiri artists that reflect the cycle of life and death in Kashmir|website=freepresskashmir.com|date=5 April 2019 |access-date=5 April 2019}}</ref> Flying Carpet Productions.
# Like A Sufi, 101India (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.101india.com/music/sufi-mc-kash-alif-101-union|title=Like A Sufi – MC Kash & Alif – 101 Union|website=101india.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://reproduceartists.com/takeitinblood/ Take It In Blood: A Film About MC Kash]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11928968 Article about MC Kash] on [[BBC News]]
* [https://www.voanews.com/a/kashmirs-young-generation-expresses-frustration-with-stalemate-106922954/130129.html Article about MC Kash] on [[Voice of America]]
* [https://rollingstoneindia.com/kashmiri-rapper-mc-kash-releases-debut-album/ Article about MC Kash] on [[Rolling Stone]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kash, Mc}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:People from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri rappers]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Roshanara

2026-02-10T03:08:51Z

DesireeTietjen: updated page

{{for|the Mughal princess|Roshanara Begum}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Roshanara
| image = Underwood-and-underwood-studio-olive-craddock-name-roshanara-early-1920-via-ebay.jpg
| caption = Roshanara by [[Underwood & Underwood]]
| birth_name = Olive Katherine Craddock
| birth_date = 22 January 1894
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 14 July 1926 (aged 32)
| death_place = [[Asheville, North Carolina]], United States
| known_for =
| education =
| employer =
| occupation = dancer
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Olive Katherine Craddock''' (22 January 1894 – 14 July 1926) was an [[Anglo-Indian]] dancer trained in [[British India]] who danced under the name '''Roshanara'''. She was known for showing central Indian dance techniques in Britain and America. She died in her thirties from [[appendicitis]].<ref name=obit/>

==Biography==
Craddock was born on 22 January 1892 in [[Calcutta]]. Her father was John James Nolan Craddock who was Anglo-Indian and her mother was Mabel Mary Ann Adams who was British. She learned to dance in India<ref name=vam>[https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1292333/roshanara-print-farro-e/ Roshanara], Victoria and Albert Museum, Retrieved 14 October 2015</ref> before she moved to Britain around 1909. Craddock took the name Roshanara which built on the celebrity of the princess [[Roshanara Begum]].<ref name=npg>{{cite web |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp55949/roshanara-olive-craddock |title=Olive Craddock |access-date=2015-06-06 |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]] }}</ref>

[[File:Roshanara-by-Robert-Henri-107.jpg|thumb|left|Roshanara by [[Robert Henri]]]]
She danced with [[Loie Fuller]]'s company and then undertook training with the Spanish dancer [[Carmen Tórtola Valencia]]. In 1911 she danced in London in [[Oscar Asche]]'s [[Kismet (play)|Kismet]] and then as Zobeide in [[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]. This role was with the [[Ballets Russes]] at [[Covent Garden]]. The following year she appeared with [[Anna Pavlova]]'s dance company as a speciality dancer.<ref name=vam/> She had several dances that were performed using extracts from the 1880s Oriental opera [[Lakmé]]<ref name="Jowitt1989">{{cite book|author=Deborah Jowitt|title=Time and the Dancing Image|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uaECpiO__W8C&pg=PA147|year=1989|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-06627-4|pages=147–148}}</ref> by the French composer [[Léo Delibes]].

Craddock started to work in the United States in 1916 where she appeared in Vaudeville theatres. In 1917 she and Japanese dancer [[Michio Itō]] were the specialty dancers with [[Adolf Bolm]]'s company ''Ballet Intime''.<ref name="Jowitt1989"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 20, 1917 |title=Roshanara's Danse Divertissements |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/harrisburg-telegraph-roshanaras-danse-d/164397022/ |access-date=January 31, 2024 |work=Harrisburg Telegraph |pages=18}}</ref> Roshanara also appeared with [[Ratan Devi]] who was a British singer who had been to India to study music. Devi was accompanied by her husband [[Ananda Coomaraswamy]] who was employed by the Boston Museum of Art as an expert on Indian culture. Coomaraswamy wrote about how Roshanara was an authentic [[nautch]] dancer in contrast to [[Ruth St Denis]] who a few years before had shown Indian style dances.<ref name="Jost2011">{{cite book|author=Diana Brenscheidt gen. Jost|title=Shiva Onstage: Uday Shankar's Company of Hindu Dancers and Musicians in Europe and the United States, 1931–38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-3NspSRoAAC&pg=PA135|year=2011|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-643-90108-8|pages=135–136}}</ref>

Craddock arrived as an "alien" emigrant in New York in 1923. Craddock taught dancing and the later film star, [[Bette Davis]] was one of her pupils.<ref name=vam/> She died in her thirties on 16 July 1926 in [[Asheville, North Carolina]].<ref name=obit>{{cite news |title=Roshanara Is Dead. Famous Dancer's Body Is Being Brought Here From Asheville, N.C. |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D01E4DF1331EE3ABC4E52DFB166838D639EDE |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=16 July 1926 |access-date=2015-06-06 }}</ref> from appendicitis.<ref name=npg/>

==Works==
Roshanara copyrighted ten of her dances.<ref name=copy>[https://viaf.org/viaf/search?query=local.names+all+%22Roshanara%20%22&sortKeys=holdingscount&recordSchema=BriefVIAF Dances], Viaf File, Retrieved 17 October 2015</ref>

==Legacy==
Craddock has been compared to the American dancer [[Ruth St. Denis]] who popularised oriental style dances in America. Although Craddock had been trained in India she devoted her time to improving the perfection of her dance. Ruth St. Denis was inspired by Oriental style dance and she founded her own dance school where her students included [[Martha Graham]]. Craddock never established her own school and this is considered the reason that she never had the lasting impact that Ruth St. Denis made.<ref name=vam/> Deborah Jowitt writes that Craddock's dances may not have been learnt in India in fact she believes there is a lot of similarity between Craddock's style and that of St Denis some years before. St Denis however seemed to respect Craddock and she followed her career.<ref name="Jowitt1989"/>

Roshenara was captured by [[Ashcan School|Ashcan painter]] [[Robert Henri]]. The painting sold for $132,500 in 2000.<ref name=henri>[http://www.thecityreview.com/s00amps.htm American Paintings], ''The City Review'', Retrieved 14 October 2015</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp55949/roshanara-olive-craddock Olive Craddock] at the [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1926 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian female dancers]]
[[Category:British female dancers]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian people]]
[[Category:Dancers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Deaths from appendicitis]]
[[Category:Emigrants from British India to the United Kingdom]]

José Gerson da Cunha

2026-02-07T23:08:08Z

DesireeTietjen: rework lead per standard format and added references per standard format

{{short description|Portuguese physician (1844–1900)}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = José Gerson da Cunha
| birth_place = [[Arpora]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1844|2|2|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1900|8|3|1844|2|2|df=y}}
| death_place =
| alma_mater = [[University of Bombay]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Physician|indologist|historian|linguisti}}
| spouse = Ana Rita da Gama
| children = 3
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[Gerson da Cunha]] (nephew)
* [[Sylvester da Cunha]] (nephew)}}
| honours = {{ubl|
* [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]]
* [[Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
* [[Order of the Crown of Italy]]}}
}}

'''José Gerson da Cunha''' [[Order of the Crown of Italy|OCI]] (2 February 1844 – 3 August 1900) was a Portuguese physician who achieved international renown as an [[indologist]], [[historian]], [[Linguistics|linguist]] and [[Numismatics|numismatist]].

==Early life and medical career==
José Gerson da Cunha was born in [[Arpora]], [[Bardes]] on 2 February 1844, the eldest of twelve children to a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] couple, Francisco Caetano da Cunha and Leopoldina Maria Gonçalves.<ref name="Vaz1">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA118 118]}}</ref><ref name="Cunha Rivara"/> Francisco was an infantry lieutenant in the Portuguese army stationed in [[Goa]] who had taken part in the military campaign against the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] at Uspa and Rarim in [[Savantvadi]].<ref name="Cunha Rivara"/>

Da Cunha did his primary studies and study of [[humanities]] in [[Panjim]].<ref name="Arpora">{{harvnb|Naval and Military Medical Services|1900|p=781}}</ref> He then moved to [[Bombay]] and enrolled in the [[Grant Medical College and Sir Jamshedjee Jeejeebhoy Group of Hospitals|Grant Medical College]] to pursue his [[Medical humanities|medical studies]].<ref name="Konkani1">{{harvnb|Sardesai|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&pg=PA96 96]}}</ref> While there, da Cunha distinguished himself by winning many prizes.<ref name="Vaz1"/> However, he failed to obtain his licentiate in medicine, and instead obtained the first licentiate degree from the [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]] in 1864.<ref name="Konkani1"/> He moved to London in 1867 to obtain his degree and in the same year, obtained the diplomas of [[Conjoint|L.R.C.P.]] Lond. and [[Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons|M.R.C.S]] Eng.<ref name="Arpora"/><ref name="Konkani1"/> Cunha specialised in [[obstetrics]] at [[Edinburgh]] and London.<ref name="Vaz1"/> He returned to Bombay in 1868, where he soon acquired a large practice.<ref name="Arpora"/>

==Works==
Da Cunha wrote several papers on obstetrics which attracted much attention at the Medico-Physical Society of Bombay.<ref name="Arpora"/> After an epidemic of [[dengue]] in the city, he wrote an essay on dengue entitled ''Dengue: its history, symptoms and treatment''.<ref name="Arpora"/> Besides medicine, Cunha's interest spanned across diverse subjects such as history, [[archaeology]], [[linguistics]], [[numismatics]] and Sanskritology (study of [[Sanskrit]]).<ref name="Konkani1"/> He wrote and distinguished himself more by creating works of historical value on these subjects.<ref name="Vaz2"/> Besides papers, he was the author of 20 books on these subjects.<ref name="Arpora"/> His decision to write his works in English gained him greater recognition amongst English readers than those by Goan authors who had chosen to write on these subjects only in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]].<ref name="Vaz2"/>

===History===
Da Cunha wrote the first book on the history of Bombay, ''The Origin of Bombay'' which was published posthumously by the Bombay branch of the [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Asiatic Society]] in 1900.<ref name="cun">{{harvnb|Chatterjee|2003|loc=|Ref=sin}}</ref> His other best known historical works include ''Memoir on the history of the tooth-relic of Ceylon''; with a preliminary essay on [[Gautama Buddha]] ''The life and system of Gautama Buddha'' (1875), ''Historical and Archeological Sketch of the Island of Angediva'' (1875), and ''The History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein'' (1876).

===Linguistics===
Da Cunha was inspired by the Portuguese civil servant [[Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara]]'s efforts to revive [[Konkani language|Konkani]] in Goa.<ref name="Konkani1"/> In 1881, he wrote a scholarly work on the language entitled ''The Konkani Language and Literature'', wherein he discussed its origin and issues. Using the arguments of the [[Philosophy of language|Language theory]], he demonstrated that Konkani was an independent language in its own right with its own dialects, such as ''Kudali'', ''Goadesi'' and the southern form.<ref name="Vaz2"/><ref name="Literature">{{harvnb|Das|1991|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C&pg=PA139 139]}}</ref> Cunha concluded that while Konkani bears close similarities to [[Marathi language|Marathi]], it is quite distinct, though cognate with Marathi, and has a predominance of Sanskrit words and a faint Turanian or [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] element.<ref name="Konkani2"/><ref name="Kodialgar">{{harvnb|George|Akademi|1992|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA208 208]}}</ref> It possesses an elaborate grammar of its own and a rich vocabulary which is derived from various sources (Sanskrit, [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and Portuguese, with all the contributing elements having lost their autonomy in the course of time and becoming so fused together that only a careful analysis can discover their [[etymology]].<ref name="Konkani2"/><ref name="Kodialgar"/>

Da Cunha was greatly concerned with the increasing corruption of Konkani's purity, as he felt that the incorporation of Portuguese, Persian, Kannada, and Marathi loanwords were distancing the language from its original source, Sanskrit.<ref name="Konkani2">{{harvnb|Sardesai|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&pg=PA97 97]}}</ref> He further had serious misgivings about the language's future. In ''The Konkani Language and Literature'', he states:<ref name="Konkani3">{{harvnb|Sardesai|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&pg=PA98 98]}}</ref>
{{blockquote|text=It is only an autonomous country that can preserve its language in a state of purity, and it is to its literature or rather to the learned men of that country is confided the task of rendering its forms classic and unalterable. But Goa has for centuries been swayed by foreign rulers who have insisted on making their own language the official language, or the language of the court, withdrawing, at the same time, all encouragement for the cultivation of the native tongue. Under these circumstances it is no wonder that Konkani has been treated with neglect by the very children of the soil, and has, from the absence of a norm to regulate its forms, dwindled into the state of a jargon, or ''[[patois]]''. Add to this internal disorganisation the power and vitality of the neighbouring tongues, and one need not be a prophet to foretell that in the course of a century or two, the Konkani language will be encroached upon by the Marathi from the North, and the Kanarese from the South, a movement that has already begun, when Konkani must succumb to the struggle. This has happened before; and it will happen again: for such is the fate of all weak tongues as also of weak peoples.}}

===Numismatics===
Da Cunha was an avid coin collector. He began collecting coins in 1876 and in addition to his own collection, purchased the collections of James Gibbs and Bhau Dhaji.<ref name="Vaz2"/> By 1888, his personal collection had expanded to include over 27,000 pieces of gold, silver, and other metals.<ref name="Vaz2"/> The collection of coins catalogued by da Cunha was generally believed to be among the best in the [[British Empire]].<ref name="Arpora"/> This catalogue was published in Bombay in 1888.<ref name="Vaz2"/> He wrote a book on numismatics, ''Indo-Portuguese Numismatics'' which was published in 1956 by ''Agencia Geral do Ultramar'' in [[Lisbon]]. This work is generally believed to be one of the few valuable studies in this field.<ref name="Vaz2"/>

==Associations==
In view of his work, da Cunha acquired significant fame as an Orientalist and was invited to International seminars and conferences.<ref name="Konkani1"/> In addition to his affiliation with various medical associations in Bombay, his prolific contributions to Indian history and linguistics earned him the fellowship of the ''Instituto Vasco da Gama'' in Goa in 1871, and of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bombay in 1873.<ref name="Vaz2"/> He received a prize at the Congress of Orientalists in [[Florence]] in 1877, and was a prominent figure at the Twelfth Congress held in Rome in 1899.<ref name="Arpora"/> In the latter conference, da Cunha was hailed by the [[Angelo de Gubernatis|Count Angelo de Gubernatis]] as the "leading Orientalist of the day".<ref name="Vaz2"/> He served as president of the Bombay chapters of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Anthropological Society.<ref name="Arpora"/> He was a Knight of the [[Order of the Crown of Italy]], of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]], and of the [[Order of Saint James of the Sword]].<ref name="Arpora"/>

==Personal life==
Da Cunha was married to Ana Rita da Gama.<ref name="Cunha Rivara">{{harvnb|da Cunha Rivara|Borges|da Cunha Soares|1996|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vnKEgXtNHt0C&pg=PA284 284]}}</ref> They had two daughters and a son. His grandson EPW da Costa was a pioneer of opinion polling in India. Da Cunha was a [[Polyglot (person)|hyperpolyglot]], possessing knowledge of Konkani, Marathi, Portuguese, Italian, French, English, German, [[Middle Persian|Pahlavi]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Latin]] and Sanskrit.<ref name="Vaz2">{{harvnb|Vaz|1997|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC&pg=PA119 119]}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
*{{Cite book
|year=1872
|title=Dengue, its history, symptoms, and treatment: with observations on the epidemic which prevailed in Bombay during the years 1871–72
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1875
|title=Historical and Archeological Sketch of the Island of Angediva
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1875
|title=Memoir on the history of the tooth-relic of Ceylon; with a preliminary essay on the life and system of Gautama Buddha
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1876
|title=The History and Antiquities of Chaul and Bassein
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1877
|title=The Sahyadri–khanda of the Skanda purama: a mythological, historical, and geographical account of western India ; first edition of the Sanskrit texts with various readings
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1881
|title=The Konkani language and literature
|publisher=Bombay Gazzetteer
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1883
|title=Contributions to the study of Indo-Portuguese numismatics
|publisher=Thacker & Co.
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1900
|title=The origin of Bombay
|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society
}}
*{{Cite book
|year=1956
|title=Indo-Portuguese Numismatics
|publisher=Agência Geral do Ultramar
}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Citation
|last=Chatterjee
|first=Sudeshna
|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/Family-Matters/articleshow/154584.cms
|title=Family Matters
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|date=31 August 2003
|ref=sin
|access-date=15 April 2011
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704162738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/Family-Matters/articleshow/154584.cms
|archive-date=4 July 2011
}}.
*{{Cite book
|last3=da Cunha Soares
|first3=Renato
|last2=Borges
|first2=Charles J.
|last1=da Cunha Rivara
|first1=Joaquim Heliodoró
|editor3-last=da Cunha Soares
|editor3-first=Renato
|editor2-last=Borges
|editor2-first=Charles J.
|editor1-last=da Cunha Rivara
|editor1-first=Joaquim Heliodoró
|authorlink1=Joaquim Heliodoró da Cunha Rivara
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnKEgXtNHt0C
|title=Goa and the revolt of 1787
|publisher=Concept Publishing Company
|year=1996
|isbn=978-81-7022-646-8
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Das
|first=Sisir Kumar
|year=1991
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C
|title=A history of Indian literature: 1800–1910 Western impact: Indian response
|publisher=Sahitya Akademi
|isbn=978-81-7201-006-5
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Derrett
|first=John Duncan Martin
|year=1976
|url=https://archive.org/details/essaysinclassica0001derr
|url-access=registration
|title=Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law: Consequences of the intellectual exchange with the foreign powers
|publisher=BRILL
|isbn=978-90-04-04808-9
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|last2=Akademi
|first2=Sahitya
|last1=George
|first1=K. M.
|editor2-last=Akademi
|editor2-first=Sahitya
|editor1-last=George
|editor1-first=K. M.
|authorlink1=K. M. George (writer)
|year=1992
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C
|title=Modern Indian Literature—An Anthology; Volume 2—Fiction
|publisher=Sahitya Akademi
|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{Citation
|last=Mascarenhas
|first=Nascimento
|url=http://www.saligaoserenade.com/2008/08/06/establishing-ones-roots/
|title=Establishing one's roots
|publisher=Saligao Seranade
|date=6 August 2008
|ref=cun
|access-date=15 April 2011
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006053814/http://www.saligaoserenade.com/2008/08/06/establishing-ones-roots/
|archive-date=6 October 2011
}}.
*{{Citation
|last=Mascarenhas
|first=Nascimento
|url=http://www.saligaoserenade.com/2010/12/05/what-are-goa%E2%80%99s-villages-famous-for/
|title=What Are Goa's Villages Famous For?
|publisher=Saligao Seranade
|date=5 December 2010
|ref=mar
|access-date=15 April 2011
|url-status=usurped
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006053826/http://www.saligaoserenade.com/2010/12/05/what-are-goa%E2%80%99s-villages-famous-for/
|archive-date=6 October 2011
}}.
*{{cite book
|last=Sardesai
|first=Manohar Rai
|authorlink=Manohar Rai Sardesai
|publisher=Sahitya Akademi
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC
|title=A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992
|year=2000
|isbn=81-7201-664-6
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|last=Vaz
|first=J. Clement
|year=1997
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJLxYBYA-YC
|title=Profiles of eminent Goans, past and present
|publisher=Concept Publishing Company
|isbn=978-81-7022-619-2
|access-date=15 April 2011}}
*{{cite book
|year=1900
|volume=2
|title=Naval and Military Medical Services
|series=The British Medical Journal
|issue=2072
|pmc=2463479
|location=London
|pages=705–788
|publisher=BMJ Publishing Group
|ref={{SfnRef|Naval and Military Medical Services|1900}}
}}.
{{refend}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cunha, Jose Gerson da}}
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Portuguese historians]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Saint James of the Sword]]
[[Category:Knights of St. Gregory the Great]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Goa]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:People from Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Portuguese numismatists]]
[[Category:Portuguese orientalists]]
[[Category:Portuguese Roman Catholic writers]]

No Food Waste

2026-02-03T21:52:26Z

DesireeTietjen: quick corrected information per standard format further and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Movement to reduce hunger}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = No Food Waste
| logo = Logo of No Food Waste.png
| logo_caption =
| founder = [[Padmanaban Gopalan]], Dinesh Manickam and Sudhakar Mohan
| founding_location = [[Coimbatore]]
| dissolved =
| type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]]
| focus =
| headquarters = [[Coimbatore]]
| location = [[India]]
| origins =
| area_served =
| method =
| owner =
| key_people =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| website = {{url|https://nofoodwaste.org}}
| Non-profit_type = Community Service
| founded_date = {{start date|2014|10|16|df=y}}
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| homepage =
}}
'''No Food Waste''' (NFW)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/how-no-food-waste-works-to-redistribute-surplus-food-to-the-needy-in-tamil-nadu/article29359971.ece|title=How No Food Waste works to redistribute surplus food to the needy in Tamil Nadu|last=Nainar|first=Nahla|date=2019-09-07|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is a movement turned NGO started by [[Padmanaban Gopalan]] and his friends Dinesh manickam and Sudhakar Mohan to get rid of the problem of hunger.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/get-inspired/3-coimbatore-boys-win-international-grant-after-spending-a-year-resolving-hunger-in-india/|title=3 Coimbatore Boys Win International Grant After Spending A Year Resolving Hunger In India|date=2015-09-30|website=The Logical Indian|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref> The team of No Food Waste scouts for marriage halls, institutions and homes that might have excess food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/achievers-he-wants-to-end-hunger-stop-food-waste-in-india/20150810.htm|title=He wants to end hunger, stop food waste in India|website=Rediff|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref> The food is collected and then repackaged and distributed to the people in need. On an average, 600 plates of food were being provided daily as reported in 2017.

The movement started in [[Coimbatore]] and has now expanded to other districts in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]. Apart from a hotline, they also developed an app on which anyone who has excess food can log in. The person can send a message which is received by a volunteer of the organization. The volunteer then collects the food after connecting via app.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/meet-a-visionary-padmanab_b_7853356|title=Meet a Visionary: Padmanaban Gopalan, the Robin Hood of Excess Food|last1=Nessel|first1=Ariel|last2=Project|first2=ContributorCo Founder of The Pollination|date=2015-07-27|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/no-food-waste-ngo-wants-to-banish-hunger-from-city/article7772287.ece|title=No Food Waste NGO wants to banish hunger from city|last=Nath|first=Parshathy J.|date=2015-10-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-06-13|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The app also identifies hunger spots by [[crowdsourcing]] data to analyse the need.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/no-food-waste-when-leftover-food-reaches-the-hungry-through-a-mobile-app/story-5KOzDX8AzfFbRihj8zr3bP.html|title=No Food Waste: When leftovers reach the hungry through a mobile app|date=2016-07-10|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/190517/crusader-against-wasting-food-to-act-in-kerala-too.html|title=Crusader against wasting food to act in Kerala, too|last=Chandran|first=Cynthia|date=2017-05-19|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==

*''Social Entrepreneur Award'' from ICCI
* National award ‘''Rashtriya Swayam Siddh Samman''’ from JSPL Foundation and the [[United Nations Global Compact]] Network India (UNGCN)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cms.ati.ms/2017/07/feeding-indias-hungry-theres-app/|title=Feeding India's hungry? There's an app for that – Asia Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jsplfoundation.co.in/swayamsiddh/winner.html|title=Jindal Foundation|website=jsplfoundation.co.in|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*''International Visionary Award for 2015'' from The Pollination Project of California<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/meet-a-visionary-padmanab_b_7853356|title=Meet a Visionary: Padmanaban Gopalan, the Robin Hood of Excess Food|last1=Nessel|first1=Ariel|last2=Project|first2=ContributorCo Founder of The Pollination|date=2015-07-27|website=HuffPost|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/padmanabhan-gopalan-and-no-food-waste/article7336815.ece|title=Don't chuck that food!|last=Rajkumar|first=Shanthini|date=2015-06-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thepollinationproject.org/grants-awarded/padmanaban-gopalan-no-food-waste/|title=Padmanaban Gopalan – No Food Waste|last=joshuabaer23|date=2015-07-23|website=The Pollination Project|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*Presented in Borlaug Dialogue International Symposium<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/international-laurels-for-coimbatore-social-entrepreneur/articleshow/66303033.cms|title=International laurels for Coimbatore social entrepreneur {{!}} Coimbatore News – Times of India|date=21 October 2018|first=P.|last=Sangeetha|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]'s ''Chief Minister’s State Youth Award'' was received by [[Padmanaban Gopalan]] for No Food Waste<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/this-young-entrepreneur-makes-city-proud/articleshow/60078116.cms|title=This young entrepreneur makes city proud – Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sdat.tn.gov.in/desc.php?id=27|title=Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu|website=www.sdat.tn.gov.in|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*''Commonwealth Youth Award'' for contributions towards [[United Nations]]’s Sustainable Development Goal 02 "Zero Hunger" <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/no-food-waste-founder-bags-commonwealth-award/article26548130.ece|title=No Food Waste founder bags Commonwealth award|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-03-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/indian-social-entrepreneur-wins-commonwealth-award-119031301051_1.html|title=Indian social entrepreneur wins Commonwealth award|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2019-03-13|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/winners-commonwealth-youth-awards-2019-announced|title=Winners of Commonwealth Youth Awards 2019 announced {{!}} The Commonwealth|website=thecommonwealth.org|access-date=2019-09-28|archive-date=28 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928074721/https://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/winners-commonwealth-youth-awards-2019-announced|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/feed-people-not-landfills/articleshow/68427465.cms|title='Feed people, not landfills'|date=15 March 2019|first=P.|last=Sangeetha|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*Presented in ''Science, Technology & Innovation Forum (STI) 2019'' by [[United Nations]] for No Food Waste by [[Padmanaban Gopalan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/audio/2019/05/1038701|title=Young social entrepreneur in India turns wedding waste into meals for the needy|date=2019-05-17|website=UN News|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>
*[[Padmanaban Gopalan]] bagged ''National Youth Award 2019'' by [[Government of India]] for No Food Waste <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/honour-for-no-food-waste-founder/article29039326.ece|title=Honour for 'No Food Waste' founder|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-08-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-28|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1581800|title=Shri Kiren Rijiju confers the National Youth Awards for excellent work and contribution in different fields of development and social service|website=pib.gov.in|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/aug/15/winning-without-waste-2019134.html|title=Winning without waste|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.covaimail.com/?p=17619|title='No Food Waste' Founder wins the National Youth Award|last=CovaiMail|date=2019-08-14|website=The Covai Mail|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://simplicity.in///news-detail.php?nid=56844|title=Citys Padmanaban Gopalan conferred with Govt. of Indias prestigious National Youth Award for 2016–17 at New Delhi|website=simplicity.in|date=12 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{Website|https://nofoodwaste.org}}

[[Category:Hunger relief organizations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

List of awards and nominations received by Mohanlal

2026-01-25T13:20:13Z

DesireeTietjen: reworked formatting for consistency and fixed typos

{{short description|None}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{| class="infobox" style="width:14em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; vertical-align:middle; background:#eef;"
|+ '''List of awards received by [[Mohanlal]]'''
|- style="background:white;"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Actor Mohanlal.jpg|thumb|Mohanlal in 2018]]
|-
| colspan="3" |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;"
! colspan="3" style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"| Awards and nominations
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"
!style="vertical-align: middle;"| Award
| style="background:#cec; font-size:9pt; width:40px;"| Wins
| style="background:#ecc; font-size:9pt; width:40px;"| Nominations
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;Titles and Honours
|{{won|7}}
|{{nom|7}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[National Film Awards]]
|{{won|6}}
|{{nom|37}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|{{won|9}}
|{{nom|30}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|{{won|9}}
|{{nom|12}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Nandi Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Filmfare Awards]]
|{{won|0}}
|{{nom|11}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Screen Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;Screen Awards South
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|{{won|0}}
|{{nom|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|{{won|5}}
|{{nom|9}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|{{won|12}}
|{{nom|19}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Asianet Film Awards]]
|{{won|15}}
|{{nom|15}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Vanitha Film Awards]]
|{{won|9}}
|{{nom|9}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Asiavision Awards]]
|{{won|6}}
|{{nom|6}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;Mathrubhumi Film Awards
|{{won|6}}
|{{nom|6}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;Amrita Film Awards
|{{won|5}}
|{{nom|5}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;Other awards, honours and recognitions
|{{won|57}}
|{{nom|0}}
|}
|- style="background-color:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | '''Totals'''
|-
| {{won|Wins}}
| colspan="2" width=50 {{won|150}}
|-
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | [[#References|References]]
|}
[[Mohanlal]] is an Indian actor, [[playback singer]] and [[Film Producer|producer]] who predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema]] and has [[Mohanlal filmography|acted in over 350 films]]. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential and greatest actors in the history of [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]]. He has won two [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], one [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)]], one [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)]] and [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] as producer, nine [[Kerala State Film Award]]s including six [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]], one [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]], nine [[Filmfare Awards South]], two [[Screen Awards]], one [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|International Indian Film Academy Award]], four [[South Indian International Movie Awards]], and eleven [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] and has received numerous other awards.

Mohanlal began his career in 1978 as an antagonist in the romance film ''[[Manjil Virinja Pookkal]]''. After appearing in several such roles, he established himself as a leading actor in the mid 1980s. In 1986, he starred in the comedy drama ''[[T. P. Balagopalan M. A.]]'', for which he won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]]. He also received a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]] in the same year for his performance in the comedy drama ''[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam]]''. His role in the drama film ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]'' (1989) earned him a [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|Special Mention]].

In 1991, he produced and starred in the musical film ''[[Bharatham]]'', which earned him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]]. ''[[Forbes India]]'' listed his role as one of the "25 Greatest Acting Performances in Indian Cinema" compiled on the centenary of the Indian film industry in 2013. Four of his films released in 1997{{mdash}}''[[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]'', ''[[Guru (1997 film)|Guru]]'', ''[[Oru Yathramozhi]]'', and ''[[Aaraam Thampuran]]'' gave him the [[Screen Awards]] South for Best Actor. He co-produced and starred in the drama film ''[[Vanaprastham]]'' (1999), his role as a [[Kathakali]] artist garnered him the [[National Film Award for Best Actor]], the [[Kerala State Film Award]], the [[Filmfare Awards South]], and the [[Kerala Film Critics Association Award]] . [[File:Padmabhushan Mohanlal.jpg|upright|thumb|Mohanlal receiving [[Padma Bhushan]] from [[Ram Nath Kovind]], the [[President of India]]]]

He was nominated for a [[Filmfare Award]] for his [[Bollywood|Hindi]] debut ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]'' (2002) and his performance in the crime drama earned him a [[Screen Award]] and an [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|International Indian Film Academy Award]] for Best Supporting Actor. He portrayed a patient suffering from [[Alzheimer's disease]] in the 2005 drama film ''[[Thanmathra]]'' for which he won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor]] and a [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam]].

He portrayed an ageing bedridden man in the 2011 romantic drama ''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''. His role won him the [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] for Best Actor and other awards including the [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]], [[Asianet Film Awards]], [[Vanitha Film Awards]], and [[Mathrubhumi]] Film Awards. In 2013, he starred in the thriller film ''[[Drishyam]]'', for which he won the [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] for Best Actor. In a survey conducted by [[CNN-IBN]] in 2013 on "100 years of Indian cinema", he was placed third among actors on the list of "India's Great Actors". In 2017, he won the [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award]] for his performance in the films ''[[Janatha Garage]]'', ''[[Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol]]'', and ''[[Pulimurugan]]''.

In addition to awards for acting, the [[Government of India]] honoured him with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] of the country in 2001, and the [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award in 2019 for his contribution to the arts. He was given the honorary rank of [[Lieutenant colonel]] from [[Indian Territorial Army]] in 2009. Mohanlal was awarded the honorary [[Doctor of Letters]] from the [[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]] (2010) and from the [[University of Calicut]] (2018), as well as a number of other recognitions.

== Honours ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"| Honour
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"| Honouring body
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Presented by
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2001
|[[Padma Shri]]
|[[Government of India]]
|[[K. R. Narayanan]], [[President of India]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohanlal nominated for Padma Bhushan |url=http://asianetindia.com/mohanlal-nominated-for-padma-bhushan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419132031/http://asianetindia.com/mohanlal-nominated-for-padma-bhushan/ |archive-date=19 April 2015 |website=[[Asianet Satellite Communications|Asianet]] |access-date=14 November 2014 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|Honorary [[Lieutenant Colonel]]
|[[Territorial Army (India)|Indian Territorial Army]]
|[[Deepak Kapoor]], [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thapar |first=Vishal |date=10 July 2009 |title=Meet Lt Colonel Mohanlal, actor in the Army |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meet-lt-colonel-mohanlal-actor-in-the-army/96788-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714180011/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/meet-lt-colonel-mohanlal-actor-in-the-army/96788-8.html |archive-date=14 July 2009 |website=[[IBNLive]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2010
|[[Honorary degree|Honorary Doctorate]] ([[Doctor of Letters|D.Litt]])
|[[Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit]]
|[[R. S. Gavai]], [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20100135288&keyword=&subcatg=&cp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714031203/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20100135288&keyword=&subcatg=&cp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 July 2012 |title=Mohanlal, Resul receive D.Litt |website=NDTVmovies.com |date=18 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|Honorary [[Black belt (martial arts)|Black Belt]] in [[Taekwondo]]
|[[Kukkiwon|World Taekwondo Headquarters]], [[South Korea]]
|[[Grandmaster (martial arts)|Grandmaster]] Lee Jeonghee, Sports [[General manager|GM]], Indian [[South Korea|ROK]] Embassy
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/oct/24/black-belt-for-mohanlal-418347.html|title=Black belt for Mohanlal|website=The New Indian Express|date=24 October 2012 |access-date=2020-09-20|archive-date=2019-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328192154/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/oct/24/black-belt-for-mohanlal-418347.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2018
|Honorary Doctorate (D.Litt)
|[[University of Calicut]]
|[[P. Sathasivam]], Governor of Kerala
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/calicut-university-confers-d-litt-on-mohanlal-p-t-usha-118012900409_1.html |title=Calicut University confers D.Litt on Mohanlal, P.T.Usha |website=business-standard.com |date=29 January 2018 |access-date=2018-01-29 |archive-date=2018-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195119/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/calicut-university-confers-d-litt-on-mohanlal-p-t-usha-118012900409_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2019
|[[Padma Bhushan]]
|Government of India
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]], President of India
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2019AwardeesList.pdf |title=2019 Padma Awards |date=2019-01-25 |website=Padmaawards.gov.in |access-date=2019-01-25 |archive-date=2019-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126060850/https://padmaawards.gov.in/PDFS/2019AwardeesList.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2025
|[[Commendation Card (Indian Army)|COAS Commendation Card]]
|[[Indian Army]]
|[[Upendra Dwivedi]], Chief of the Army Staff
| style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-07 |title=Mohanlal receives commendation from Army Chief: ‘A moment of immense pride and gratitude’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mohanlal-receives-commendation-from-army-chief-a-moment-of-immense-pride-and-gratitude-10293241/ |access-date=2025-10-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== World records ==
* World's first fans association to enter in the Guinness Book of World Records on charity making the world's largest charity box<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-wooden-chest|title=Largest wooden chest|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211750/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-wooden-chest|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lalcaresqatar.com/home/|title=Home – Lal Cares Qatar|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211750/http://lalcaresqatar.com/home/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Largest attendance at a 3D film screening<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-attendance-at-a-3d-film-screening|title=Largest attendance at a 3D film screening|website=Guinness World Records|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227113036/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-attendance-at-a-3d-film-screening|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Lent his voice to the longest documentary made in the world till now.<ref name="newscoopz.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscoopz.com/third-time-guinness-world-record-for-mohanlal/|title=Mohanlal becomes a part of Guinness world record for the 3rd time in his career|date=21 August 2019|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920071410/https://www.newscoopz.com/third-time-guinness-world-record-for-mohanlal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kuttoor">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/its-official-the-longest-docu-is-on-mar-chrysostum/article27097855.ece|title=It's official, the longest docu is on Mar Chrysostum|first=Radhakrishnan|last=Kuttoor|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 May 2019|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211748/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/its-official-the-longest-docu-is-on-mar-chrysostum/article27097855.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

== National Film Awards ==
[[File:Mohanlal, Dadasaheb Phalke Award winner for 2023.jpg|upright|thumb|Mohanlal receiving [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]] 2023 from [[Droupadi Murmu]], the President of India]]
The [[National Film Awards]] established in 1954, are administered by the [[Directorate of Film Festivals]], [[Government of India]]. Mohanlal has received six awards.

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Language
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" | 1989
| ''[[Kireedam (1989 film)|Kireedam]]''
| [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention]]
| rowspan="4" scope="row" | Malayalam
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="37thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/80_37thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=37th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=12 July 2020|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709165915/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/80_37thNfacatalogue.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 1991
| ''[[Bharatham]]''
| [[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm39thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=39NFA.pdf|title=39th National Film Award (1991)|publisher=diff.nic.in|access-date=2014-11-14|archive-date=2011-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170014/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm39thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=39NFA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 1999
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Vanaprastham]]''
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]] (producer)
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<ref name="47th National Film Award 1999">{{cite web|url = http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm47NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=47NFA.pdf|title = 47th National Film Award (1999)|publisher = diff.nic.in|access-date = 2014-11-14|archive-date = 2011-09-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928072346/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm47NFAAward.aspx?PdfName=47NFA.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor]]
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" | 2016
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
| rowspan="3" scope="row" | [[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)|Special Jury Award]]
| Telugu
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=64th National Film Awards: Here's the complete list of winners|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/64th-national-film-awards-here-s-the-complete-list-of-winners/story-2o8HmEbUZ8kmvhfx2XE64I.html|accessdate=10 August 2020|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=7 April 2017|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917031535/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/64th-national-film-awards-here-s-the-complete-list-of-winners/story-2o8HmEbUZ8kmvhfx2XE64I.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol]]''
| rowspan="2" |Malayalam
|-
|''[[Pulimurugan]]''
|-
! scope="row" | 2023
|''Lifetime achievement''
|[[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]]
|—
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Malayalam actor Mohanlal to be conferred Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2023">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Malayalam actor Mohanlal to be conferred Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-mohanlal-to-be-conferred-dadasaheb-phalke-award-for-2023/article70073864.ece |access-date=20 September 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=20 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250920160340/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actor-mohanlal-to-be-conferred-dadasaheb-phalke-award-for-2023/article70073864.ece |archive-date=20 September 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

== Kerala State Film Awards ==
The [[Kerala State Film Awards]] are presented annually by the [[Kerala State Chalachitra Academy]], [[Government of Kerala]] for excellence in Malayalam cinema.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1986
|''[[T. P. Balagopalan M.A.]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="State Film Awards">{{cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |title=State Film Awards |publisher=prd.kerala.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234213/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1988
|''[[Padamudra (film)|Padamudra]], [[Chithram]], [[Ulsavapittennu]], [[Aryan (1988 film)|Aryan]], [[Vellanakalude Nadu]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Award (Special Jury Award)|Special Jury Award]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="State Film Awards" />
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 1991
|''[[Bharatham]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] {{small|(producer)}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="prd.kerala.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |title=State Film Awards |publisher=prd.kerala.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234157/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards3.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Abhimanyu (1991 film)|Abhimanyu]], [[Kilukkam]], [[Ulladakkam]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="prd.kerala.gov.in" />
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 1995
|''[[Spadikam]], [[Kaalapani]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="prd.kerala.gov.in" />
|-
|''[[Kaalapani]]''
|[[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Film|Second Best Film]] {{small|(producer)}}
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="prd.kerala.gov.in" />
|-
! scope="row"| 1999
|''[[Vanaprastham]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="prd.kerala.gov.in" />
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards4.htm |title=State Film Awards |publisher=prd.kerala.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707210332/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards4.htm |archive-date=7 July 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ReferenceA" />
|}

== Kerala Film Critics Awards ==
The [[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]] are presented annually (since 1977) by the [[Kerala Film Critics Association]] for excellence in Malayalam cinema.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1988
|''[[Padamudra (film)|Padamudra]]'', ''[[Chithram]]''
| rowspan="3" |[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=criticsaward>{{cite news |author1=G. Hari Sundar |title=Mohanlal weaves a filmic web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/lf/2002/05/19/stories/2002051901540200.htm |accessdate=12 January 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=19 May 2002 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211748/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2002/05/19/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1991
|''[[Bharatham]]'', ''[[Ulladakkam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=criticsaward />
|-
! scope="row"| 1999
|''[[Vanaprastham]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=criticsaward />
|-
! scope="row"| 2001
|''Contribution to Malayalam cinema''
|Natana Ratna Award
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohanlal - Awards and Recognition |url=https://www.thecompleteactor.com/mohanlal-awards-recognition |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=TheCompleteActor.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''Lifetime achievement award''
|[[Chalachitra Ratnam Award]]
|
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web |title=1993-2018 Chalachitra Ratnam Awards |url=https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/1993.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130133343/https://www.keralafilmcritics.com/2020/10/1993.html |archive-date=2023-11-30 |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=[[Kerala Film Critics Association]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Naran (film)|Naran]], [[Thanmathra]]''
|Most Popular Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/film-critics-awards-announced/article3173236.ece |title=Film Critics awards announced |date=3 February 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127045903/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/film-critics-awards-announced/article3173236.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]''
| rowspan="6" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-01-31/news/28412366_1_playback-singer-special-award-critics-awards |title='Ore Kadal', 'Thaniye' share critics award for best film |last=PTI |date=31 January 2008 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-date=2014-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216094445/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-01-31/news/28412366_1_playback-singer-special-award-critics-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
|''[[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]], [[Pakal Nakshatrangal]], [[Aakasha Gopuram|Aakashagopuram]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/mohanlal-sukumari-adjudged-best-actors/article386178.ece |title=Mohanlal, Sukumari adjudged best actors |date=31 January 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127050528/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/mohanlal-sukumari-adjudged-best-actors/article386178.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/movies/malayalam/123816/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529040906/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/movies/malayalam/123816/|url-status=dead|title=Mohanlal, Blessy bag Critics award|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|''[[Drishyam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |title='Drishyam' Bags Kerala Film Critics Association Awards |date=30 January 2014 |accessdate=13 Nov 2014 |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=22 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222164923/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Drishyam-Bags-Kerala-Film-Critics-Association-Awards/2014/01/30/article2027269.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Film critics awards announced |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-critics-awards-announced/article17419650.ece |accessdate=7 March 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 March 2017 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221165143/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/film-critics-awards-announced/article17419650.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2018
|''[[Odiyan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Film Critics Awards announced|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/apr/09/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-1962020.html|access-date=18 July 2019|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=9 April 2019|archive-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722031652/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/apr/09/kerala-film-critics-awards-announced-1962020.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Nandi Awards ==
The [[Nandi Awards]] are presented by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] for honouring artistic skills in [[Telugu cinema]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:27%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |title=Nandi Awards 2014, 15 and 16 winners list: Mahesh Babu, Jr NTR, Balakrishna bag best actor awards |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/nandi-awards-2014-15-16-winners-list-revealed-mahesh-babu-jr-ntr-balakrishna-bag-best-actors-749398 |accessdate=14 November 2017 |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=14 November 2017 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115014950/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/nandi-awards-2014-15-16-winners-list-revealed-mahesh-babu-jr-ntr-balakrishna-bag-best-actors-749398 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Filmfare Awards ==
The [[Filmfare Awards]] are presented annually by [[The Times Group]] for excellence of cinematic achievements in [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2002
|''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{Nominated}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajpal |first=Roktim |title=Mohanlal turns 55: 8 performances that prove he is the most bankable, successful star of Indian cinema |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/mohanlal-turns-55-8-performances-that-prove-he-is-the-most-bankable-successful-star-of-indian-cinema-994811.html |accessdate=26 March 2016 |work=[[IBN Live]] |date=21 May 2015 |location=New Delhi |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310045435/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/mohanlal-turns-55-8-performances-that-prove-he-is-the-most-bankable-successful-star-of-indian-cinema-994811.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Filmfare Awards South ==
The [[Filmfare Awards South]] is a part of [[Filmfare Awards]], which is given to the South Indian film industry, that consists of the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada film industries.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Language
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1986
|''[[Sanmanassullavarkku Samadhanam]]''
| rowspan="8" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="11" |[[Malayalam]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare">{{cite news |url=http://specials.manoramaonline.com/Movie/2014/mohanlal-2013/quick-info.html |title=Vismayangalude Lal |agency=[[Manoramaonline.com]] |accessdate=23 May 2015 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016174547/http://specials.manoramaonline.com/Movie/2014/mohanlal-2013/quick-info.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 1988
|''[[Padamudra (film)|Padamudra]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Filmfare />
|-
! scope="row"| 1993
|''[[Devaasuram]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Filmfare />
|-
! scope="row"| 1994
|''[[Pavithram (1994 film)|Pavithram]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Filmfare />
|-
! scope="row"| 1995
|''[[Spadikam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=Filmfare />
|-
! scope="row"| 1999
|''[[Vanaprastham]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm |title=Star-spangled show on cards |date=15 April 2000 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=17 July 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140717201000/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2000/04/15/stories/09150651.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/gallery/Events/10441.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118182553/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/gallery/Events/10441.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 November 2006 |title=The 53rd Film Fare Awards |date=11 September 2006 |work=indiaglitz.com |access-date=14 November 2014 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|[[Paradesi (2007 film)|''Paradesi'']]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/55th-annual-Tiger-Balm-South-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/3228046.cms |title=55th annual Tiger Balm South Filmfare Awards |last=Chuman Das |date=13 July 2008 |agency=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 May 2015 |archive-date=8 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708120930/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/55th-annual-Tiger-Balm-South-Filmfare-Awards/articleshow/3228046.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Bhramaram]]''
|[[Filmfare Special Award – South|Special Jury Award]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Ravi|first=Bhama Devi|title=South's best in spotlight|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2010/08/08&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00400&ViewMode=GIF&GZ=T|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120612110912/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2010/08/08&PageLabel=4&EntityId=Ar00400&ViewMode=GIF&GZ=T|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 June 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|''[[Drishyam]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor]]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare_2014-07-08">{{cite web |last=Editorial |first=Filmfare |title=61st Idea Filmfare Awards (South) Nomination list |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |publisher=Filmfare.com |accessdate=26 March 2016 |date=8 July 2014 |archive-date=6 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406210925/http://www.filmfare.com/features/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-south-nomination-list-6638.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare_2014-07-08" />
|-
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Filmfare_2014-07-08" />
|}

== Screen Awards ==
The [[Screen Awards]] are annually presented by the [[Indian Express Limited]] to honour excellence of cinematic achievements in Hindi and Marathi cinema.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:28%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:14%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
|[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |author=Press Trust Of India |title=I have nothing to prove in Bollywood: Mohanlal |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/i-have-nothing-to-prove-in-bollywood-mohanlal-624585 |accessdate=16 August 2015 |agency=[[Ndtv.com]] |date=17 April 2012 |location=[[Mumbai]] |archive-date=15 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215235858/http://movies.ndtv.com/regional/i-have-nothing-to-prove-in-bollywood-mohanlal-624585 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Screen Awards South ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Language
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1997
|''[[Aaraam Thampuran]], [[Oru Yathramozhi]], [[Guru (1997 film)|Guru]], [[Chandralekha (1997 film)|Chandralekha]]''
|Best Actor
|Malayalam
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/apr17/cover2.htm|title=Screen south awards|access-date=2011-04-10|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211750/https://indianexpress.com/section/entertainment/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}

== International Indian Film Academy Awards ==
The [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]] (IIFA) is annual event organised by the Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. to honour excellence in the [[Bollywood|Hindi cinema]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:27%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''
|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/ |title=IIFA Through the Years – IIFA 2003 : South Africa |website=IIFA.com |access-date=2015-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208124732/http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/ |archive-date=2015-02-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

== IIFA Utsavam ==
The [[IIFA Utsavam]] is an event organised by the Wizcraft International Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. to reward the artistic and technical achievements in South Indian cinema, that includes [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] cinema.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:25%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:20%;"| Language
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
|-
| scope="row" rowspan="2"|2017
| ''[[Janatha Garage]]''
| Best Performance in a Supporting Role – Male
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[Oppam]]'', ''[[Pulimurugan]]''
| Best Performance in a Leading Role – Male
| [[Malayalam]]
| {{nom}}
|}

== South Indian International Movie Awards ==
The [[South Indian International Movie Awards]] (SIIMA) are presented annually by the Vibri Media to recognise the best work in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]], and [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] film industries.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:10%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:12%;"| Language
! scope="col" style="width:2%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Malayalam]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-south-shines/article3589844.ece |title=The South Shines |last=K. R. Manigandan |date=1 July 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127032831/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/the-south-shines/article3589844.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2012
|''[[Run Babby Run|Run Baby Run]]''
|Best Male Playback Singer
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.siima.in/winners-2012.php |title=Siima awards: 2012 winners |publisher=siima.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019172549/http://www.siima.in/winners-2012.php |archive-date=19 October 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|''[[Drishyam]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ibtimes1">{{cite news |last=V. P. |first=Nicy |title=SIIMA 2014 Malayalam Nominations: Mohanlal, Mammootty, Fahadh, Prithviraj, Dileep Get the Nod |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-nominations-mohanlal-mammootty-fahadh-prithviraj-dileep-get-nod-604897 |accessdate=26 March 2016 |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=20 July 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322181232/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-2014-malayalam-nominations-mohanlal-mammootty-fahadh-prithviraj-dileep-get-nod-604897 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| 2016
|''[[Pulimurugan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ibtimes1" />
|-
|''[[Janatha Garage]]''
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="ibtimes1" />
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2018
| -
|Most Popular Star in the [[Middle East]]
| -
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="auto">{{cite news|last=Saleem|first=Fazeena|title=Malayalam, Tamil film industry legends wow audience at South Indian movie awards show|url=https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/17/08/2019/Malayalam,-Tamil-film-industry-legends-wow-audience-at-South-Indian-movie-awards-show|accessdate=17 August 2019|work=[[The Peninsula Qatar]]|date=17 August 2019|archive-date=17 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817073126/https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/17/08/2019/Malayalam,-Tamil-film-industry-legends-wow-audience-at-South-Indian-movie-awards-show|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Odiyan]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |Malayalam
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="auto" />
|-
!scope="row"| 2019
|[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|''Lucifer'']]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-19|title=Mohanlal, Dhanush, Manju Warrier, Samantha Akkineni among big winners at SIIMA 2021|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/mohanlal-dhanush-manju-warrier-samantha-akkineni-among-big-winners-at-siima-2021-7519773/|access-date=2021-09-20|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards ==
Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards is an annual awards ceremony for people in the Tamil film industry.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Unnaipol Oruvan (2009 film)|Unnaipol Oruvan]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|
|}

== All India Radio Awards ==
The [[All India Radio]] (or Akashvani) is the national [[Public broadcasting|public radio broadcaster]] of India and is a division of [[Prasar Bharati]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Rasathanthram]]'', ''[[Vadakkumnadhan]]'', ''[[Keerthi Chakra (film)|Keerthi Chakra]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=AIR awards for Mohanlal, Padma Priya |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/air-awards-for-mohanlal-padma-priya/article1932128.ece |accessdate=16 August 2015 |agency=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 October 2007 |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211750/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/AIR-awards-for-Mohanlal-Padma-Priya/article14859143.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Asianet Film Awards ==
The [[Asianet Film Awards]] are presented annually (since 1998) by the television network [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]], owned by [[Star India]], a subsidiary of [[The Walt Disney Company]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Balettan]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/08/stories/2004030808370400.htm |title=Star-studded show marks award nite |date=8 March 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127032201/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/08/stories/2004030808370400.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]'', ''[[Udayananu Tharam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm7/mohanlal-bags-ujala-asianet-film-award/article1-74116.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527001920/http://www.hindustantimes.com/nm7/mohanlal-bags-ujala-asianet-film-award/article1-74116.aspx |archive-date=2015-05-27 |title=Mohanlal bags Ujala-Asianet film award |date=11 March 2006 |url-status=dead |agency=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2006
|''[[Kirtichakra]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Ujala-Asianet awards announced |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/ujalaasianet-awards-announced/article1785448.ece |accessdate=16 August 2015 |agency=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 January 2007 |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211749/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Ujala-Asianet-awards-announced/article14708969.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|[[Hallo (2007 film)|''Hallo'']], ''[[Chotta Mumbai]]''
|Most Popular Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/in-the-starlight/article1432897.ece |title=In the starlight |date=25 January 2008 |agency=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 May 2015 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211824/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/In-the-starlight/article15397312.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
|''[[Madampi]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Asianet-film-awards-2009-announced/article16349659.ece |title=Asianet film awards 2009 announced |date=4 December 2017 |work=The Hindu |access-date=4 December 2017 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221153315/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Asianet-film-awards-2009-announced/article16349659.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Bhramaram]], [[Evidam Swargamanu]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article676380.ece |title='Pazhassi Raja' selected as best film |date=4 January 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127050252/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article676380.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2010
|{{mdash}}
|Golden Star Award
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2011/01/ujala-asianet-film-awards-2010/ |title=Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2011 |date=11 January 2011 |publisher=keralatv.in |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020812/http://www.keralatv.in/2011/01/ujala-asianet-film-awards-2010/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]], [[Snehaveedu]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kerala9.com/news/ujala-asianet-film-awards-2012-winners-list/ |title=Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2012 Winners List |date=7 January 2012 |publisher=kerala9.com |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110025652/http://kerala9.com/news/ujala-asianet-film-awards-2012-winners-list/ |archive-date=10 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2012
|''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]], [[Grandmaster (2012 film)|Grandmaster]], [[Run Babby Run]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/asianet-film-awards-2013-winners-list-102810.html |title=Asianet Film Awards 2013 – Winners List |date=21 January 2013 |publisher=filmibeat.com |author=Smitha |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107151040/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/asianet-film-awards-2013-winners-list-102810.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Asianet Film Awards 2013 Winners |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2013/01/asianet-film-awards-2013-winners/ |date=21 January 2013 |publisher=keralatv.in |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020808/http://www.keralatv.in/2013/01/asianet-film-awards-2013-winners/ |archive-date=29 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| {{mdash}}
|Millennium Actor Award
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160401204601/http://www.metromatinee.com/MetromatineMoviewNews/newsoverview.php?NEWSId=16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list-7548%2F16th-ujala-asianet-film-awards-2014-winners-list-7548 16th Ujala Asianet Film Awards 2014 – Winners List]. Web.archive.org. Retrieved on 2017-05-31.</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2014
| {{mdash}}
| Special Commemoration for '35 years in Malayalam Film Industry'
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |author1=Akhila Menon |title=PHOTOS: Stars At 17th Ujala Asianet Film Awards |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2015/photos-stars-at-17-ujala-asianet-film-awards-170333.html |website=[[Filmibeat]].com |accessdate=9 February 2016 |date=13 January 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002523/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2015/photos-stars-at-17-ujala-asianet-film-awards-170333.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2015
| {{mdash}}
|Crowned as "Superstar of the Millennium"
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |author=Anu James |title=18th Asianet Film Awards: Vikram, Trisha, Prithviraj, Mohanlal, Nivin Pauly bag awards [Full winners' list+photos] |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/18th-asianet-film-awards-vikram-trisha-prithviraj-mohanlal-nivin-pauly-bag-awards-full-666090 |accessdate=9 February 2016 |agency=[[International Business Times]] |date=8 February 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221170748/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/18th-asianet-film-awards-vikram-trisha-prithviraj-mohanlal-nivin-pauly-bag-awards-full-666090 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]]'', ''[[Pulimurugan]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Asiavision Movie Awards 2016 announced: and the winners are... |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/asiavision-movie-awards-2016-nivin-pauly-manju-warrier-mohanlal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116145545/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/asiavision-movie-awards-2016-nivin-pauly-manju-warrier-mohanlal.html |archive-date=16 November 2016 |accessdate=25 November 2016 |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=16 November 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2018
|''[[Odiyan]]'', ''[[Kayamkulam Kochunni (2018 film)|Kayamkulam Kochunni]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|
|-
! scope="row"| 2019
|''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍ മികച്ച നടന്‍, പാര്‍വതി നടി, മഞ്ജു തമിഴ് നടി, പൃഥ്വിരാജ് സംവിധായകന്‍; ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റ് ഫിലിം അവാര്‍ഡ്‌|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-film-awards-2020-full-list-q5dwhx|accessdate=10 February 2020|work=[[Asianet News]]|date=8 February 2020|language=ml|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210160821/https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-film-awards-2020-full-list-q5dwhx|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Cinema Express Awards ==
The [[Cinema Express Awards]] are presented annually by [[Indian Express Limited|Indian Express Group]] on behalf of [[Cinema Express]] film magazine to honour artistic excellence of professionals in the south Indian film industry.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|[[7th Cinema Express Awards|1986]]
|''[[Panchagni]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 April 1987 |title=Cine artistes asked to broaden talents |pages=3 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=y4plAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f54NAAAAIBAJ&pg=787%2C2870744 |access-date=28 May 2025}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|}

== Vanitha Film Awards ==
The [[Vanitha Film Awards]] is an annual awards ceremony organised by the woman's magazine ''[[Vanitha]]'', part of the [[Malayala Manorama]] group, since 1998.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Balettan]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Balettan">{{cite web |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/balettan/awards.html |title=Balettan |publisher=filmibeat.com |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-date=2014-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126115336/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/balettan/awards.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Hallo (Malayalam film)|Hallo]], [[Chotta Mumbai]]''
|Most Popular Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vanitha-awards-for-mammootty-meera-jasmine-malayalam-news-36410 |title=Vanitha awards for Mammootty, Meera Jasmine |date=7 February 2008 |work=indiaglitz.com |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924190651/http://www.indiaglitz.com/vanitha-awards-for-mammootty-meera-jasmine-malayalam-news-36410 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
| ''[[Twenty:20 (film)|Twenty:20]], [[Madampi]], [[Akasha Gopuram]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |title=Nippon has announced the vanitha film awards |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/nippon-has-announced-the-vanitha-film-awards-592 |publisher=metromatinee.com |date=19 February 2009 |accessdate=3 Nov 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103133303/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/nippon-has-announced-the-vanitha-film-awards-592 |archive-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Bhramaram]], [[Evidam Swargamanu]]''
|Most Popular Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2010/03/vanitha-film-awards-2010-on-surya-tv/ |title=Vanitha Film Awards 2010 on Surya TV |date=27 March 2010 |accessdate=13 Nov 2014 |publisher=keralatv.in |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020935/http://www.keralatv.in/2010/03/vanitha-film-awards-2010-on-surya-tv/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
| rowspan="4" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="kerals1">{{cite web |url=http://www.kerals.com/kerala/vanitha-film-awards-2012-announced/ |title=Vanitha Film Awards 2012 announced! |date=14 February 2012 |publisher=kerals.com |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=25 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225144558/http://www.kerals.com/kerala/vanitha-film-awards-2012-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]], [[Pulimurugan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="kerals1" />
|-
! scope="row"| 2018
|''[[Odiyan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Vanitha Film Awards: Mohanlal wins Best Actor, Manju Warrier is Best Actress|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/03/02/vanitha-film-awards-winners-list-live-show-kochi.html|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=3 March 2019|access-date=12 April 2019|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412155933/https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/03/02/vanitha-film-awards-winners-list-live-show-kochi.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2019
|''[[Lucifer (2019 Indian film)|Lucifer]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|author=സ്വന്തം ലേഖകൻ|title=മോഹൻലാൽ മികച്ച നടൻ, മഞ്ജു വാരിയർ മികച്ച നടി; ജനപ്രിയ താരങ്ങളായി ആസിഫ് അലിയും പാർവതിയും!|url=https://www.vanitha.in/specials/vanitha-film-awards-2020/magic-moments/vfa-awards-announced-kochi-bristo-ground-february.html|accessdate=10 February 2020|work=[[Vanitha]]|date=10 February 2020|language=ml|archive-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210160516/https://www.vanitha.in/specials/vanitha-film-awards-2020/magic-moments/vfa-awards-announced-kochi-bristo-ground-february.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Asiavision Awards ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:28%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:14%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
|''[[Innathe Chintha Vishayam]], [[Madampi]], [[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]], [[Pakal Nakshatrangal]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Bhramaram]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3"| 2012
|''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]'', ''[[Run Baby Run (2012 film)|Run Baby Run]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''-''
|Most Influential Malayali<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHNTYKG-5rs |title=Mohanlal receiving "Most Influential Malayali" Award in Asiavision TV Awards – YouTube |website=[[YouTube]] |date=23 June 2012 |access-date=2020-05-26 |archive-date=2016-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416083407/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YHNTYKG-5rs |url-status=live }}</ref>
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''[[Run Baby Run (2012 film)|Run Baby Run]]''
|New Sensation in Singing – Male
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]]'', ''[[Pulimurugan]]''
|Popular Actor
|{{won}}
|
|}

== Mathrubhumi Film Awards ==
The Mathrubhumi Film Awards are presented annually by the daily newspaper [[Mathrubhumi]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 1999
|''[[Vanaprastham]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Balettan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |title=Padam Onnu Oru Vilapam bags four awards |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Padam-Onnu-Oru-Vilapam-bags-four-awards/articleshow/570241.cms |accessdate=16 August 2015 |work=[[India Times]] |agency=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 March 2004 |location=[[Chennai]] |archive-date=26 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226173400/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/Padam-Onnu-Oru-Vilapam-bags-four-awards/articleshow/570241.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2006
|''[[Vadakkumnadhan|Vadakkumnathan]]''
|Excellence in Acting
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mathrubhumi-film-awards-announced/article1911794.ece |title=Mathrubhumi film awards announced |date=15 September 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127045757/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mathrubhumi-film-awards-announced/article1911794.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
|''[[Aakasha Gopuram]], [[Kurukshetra (2008 film)|Kurukshetra]], [[Pakal Nakshatrangal]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afaqs.com/perl/media/media_newslets/index.html?id=40008 |title=Amrita TV to telecast Idea Mathrubhumi Amrita Film Awards |publisher=afaqs.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125032131/http://www.afaqs.com/perl/media/media_newslets/index.html?id=40008 |archive-date=25 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2012/02/mathrubhumi-kalyan-silks-film-awards-2012-winners/ |title=Mathrubhumi Kalyan Silks Film Awards 2012 Winners |date=16 February 2012 |publisher=keralatv.in |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020805/http://www.keralatv.in/2012/02/mathrubhumi-kalyan-silks-film-awards-2012-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Amrita Film Awards ==
The Amrita Film Awards are presented annually by the television channel [[Amrita TV]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2006
|''[[Keerthi Chakra (film)|Keerthi Chakra]]'', ''[[Vadakkumnadhan|Vadakkumnathan]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/amrita-film-awards-announced/article1838347.ece |title=Amrita film awards announced |date=5 May 2007 |agency=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 May 2015 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211902/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Amrita-film-awards-announced/article14759558.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2010
|{{mdash}}
|Abhinaya Keerthi Award
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/06/amrita-fefka-film-awards-announced/ |title=Amrita FEFKA Film Awards Announced |date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Best Media Info |accessdate=2 June 2011 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603135529/http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2011/06/amrita-fefka-film-awards-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/article/67286.html |title=Amritha awards for Mammootty, Kavya and T D Dasan |date=2 June 2011 |work=Indiaglitz |accessdate=2 June 2011 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127205023/https://www.indiaglitz.com/malayalam |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
| rowspan="3" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2012/04/winners-of-amrita-film-awards-2012/ |title=Winners Of Amrita Film Awards 2012 Announced |date=30 April 2012 |publisher=keralatv.in |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020803/http://www.keralatv.in/2012/04/winners-of-amrita-film-awards-2012/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2012
|''[[Spirit (2012 film)|Spirit]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.keralatv.in/2013/05/amrita-film-awards-2013-telecast-details/ |title=Amrita Film Awards To be Telecast on May 31st, June 1st & 2nd |date=30 May 2013 |publisher=keralatv.in |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129020811/http://www.keralatv.in/2013/05/amrita-film-awards-2013-telecast-details/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|''[[Drishyam]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amritatv.com/afa2014/awardcatogories.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321013952/http://www.amritatv.com/afa2014/awardcatogories.html |archive-date=2016-03-21 |title=Amrita film awards |publisher=amritatv.com}}</ref>
|}

== Jaihind Film Awards ==
The Jaihind Film Awards are presented annually by the television channel [[Jaihind TV]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kerala.com/news_kerala_Chandy_game_for_8_1969.html |title=Jaihind film awards announced |publisher=kerala.com |access-date=2014-11-14 |archive-date=2014-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014612/http://www.kerala.com/news_kerala_Chandy_game_for_8_1969.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2010
|{{mdash}}
|Chalachithra Ratnam Award
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/jai-hind-film-awards-announced-tamilfont-news-58720 |title=Jai Hind Film Awards announced |date=20 July 2010 |accessdate=14 Nov 2014 |work=indiaglitz.com |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172810/http://www.indiaglitz.com/jai-hind-film-awards-announced-tamilfont-news-58720 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/jai-hind-film-awards-2010-announced-2451 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406081142/http://www.metromatinee.com/news-articles/jai-hind-film-awards-2010-announced-2451 |archive-date=2016-04-06 |title=Jai Hind Film Awards 2010 announced !! |date=25 July 2010 |publisher=metromatinee.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
|''[[Drishyam]]''
|{{won}}
|
|}

== Janmabhumi Cinema Awards ==
The Janmabhumi Cinema Awards are presented annually by the daily newspaper [[Janmabhumi]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
|''[[Oppam]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://keralaonlinenews.com/|title=||website=keralaonlinenews.com|access-date=2020-09-20|archive-date=2020-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234355/https://keralaonlinenews.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2018
|''[[Odiyan]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Janmabhumi Cinema Awards 2018: Mohanlal Actor and Nimisha Sajayan Actress|url=https://global.janmabhumidaily.com/news861146|accessdate=18 July 2019|work=[[Janmabhumi]]|date=12 July 2019|archive-date=18 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718092211/https://global.janmabhumidaily.com/news861146|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== The Kochi Times Film Awards ==
The Kochi Times Film Awards are presented by the Kochi Times news division of [[The Times of India]].
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|Best Actor – Male
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/malayalam/news-and-interviews/The-Kochi-Times-Film-Awards-2011/articleshow/14341029.cms |title=The Kochi Times Film Awards 2011 |date=23 June 2012 |access-date=2013-07-04 |archive-date=2013-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233019/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-23/news-and-interviews/32369964_1_video-mohanlal-kavya-madhavan |work=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Kerala Film Audience Council Awards ==
The Kerala Film Audience Council Awards are presented by the Kerala Film Audience Council.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
|''[[Balettan]]''
| rowspan="4" |Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Balettan" />
|-
! scope="row"| 2004
|''[[Vismayathumbathu]]'', ''[[Mampazhakkalam]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2005
|''[[Thanmathra]]''
|{{won}}
|
|-
! scope="row"| 2007
|''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]''
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/audience-council-award-for-mohanlal-kavya-madhavan-malayalam-news-36730 |title=Audience council award for Mohanlal, Kavya Madhavan |date=21 February 2008 |work=indiaglitz.com |access-date=14 November 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924061450/http://www.indiaglitz.com/audience-council-award-for-mohanlal-kavya-madhavan-malayalam-news-36730 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== V. Shantaram Awards ==
The V. Shantaram Awards, established in 1993, was instituted by the [[Government of India]], [[Government of Maharashtra]], and the V. Shantaram Motion Picture Scientific Research and Cultural Foundation.
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
|''[[Paradesi (2007 film)|Paradesi]]'', ''[[Aakasha Gopuram]]''
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/nominations-announced-for-v-shantaram-awards-2008/25824 |title=Nominations announced for V Shantaram Awards 2008 |publisher=Business of Cinema |date=19 November 2008 |accessdate=5 April 2016 |last=BOC Editorial |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422002454/http://businessofcinema.com/bollywood-news/nominations-announced-for-v-shantaram-awards-2008/25824 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| 2009
|''[[Bhramaram]]''
|{{nom}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-actress-sandhya-to-be-honoured-at-v-shantaram-awards-1325669 |title=Actress Sandhya to be Honoured at V Shantaram Awards |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=20 December 2009 |accessdate=5 April 2016 |last=Press Trust of India |location=Mumbai |archive-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808032030/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-actress-sandhya-to-be-honoured-at-v-shantaram-awards-1325669 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== [[Ramu Kariat]] Awards ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:80%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| Year
! scope="col" style="width:30%;"| Nominated work
! scope="col" style="width:15%;"| Category
! scope="col" style="width:3%;"| Outcome
! scope="col" style="width:1%;"| {{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"|2011
|''[[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]''
|Best Actor
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cinemadoctor.blogspot.com/2012/01/ramu-karyat-award-for-mohan-lal-kavya.html|title=Ramu Kariat Awards|access-date=27 January 2012|archive-date=30 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130131254/http://cinemadoctor.blogspot.com/2012/01/ramu-karyat-award-for-mohan-lal-kavya.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

== Other awards and recognitions ==
*1977-78 Kerala State Wrestling Champion<ref name="blackbelt">[http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article1310726.ece "Blackbelt for Mohanlal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413204428/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article1310726.ece |date=2013-04-13 }}. ''[[The New Indian Express]]''. 23 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.</ref>
*2003 ''Contributor of the year'' honour by [[Indian Medical Association]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-05-13 |title=IMA Award for Mohanlal |url=https://mohanlalonline.com/Content/ima_award_for_mohanlal./ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003180421/https://mohanlalonline.com/Content/ima_award_for_mohanlal./ |archive-date=2023-10-03 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=MohanlalOnline}}</ref>
*2005 [[J.C. Daniel#J.C. Foundation Award|J.C. Foundation Awards]] for Best Actor – [[Thanmathra]]<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Thanmathra|date=2021-05-10|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thanmathra&oldid=1022432269|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-07-09}}</ref>
*2005 Kala Keralam Award for Best Actor – [[Thanmathra]]<ref name=":0" />
*2005 National Film Academy Award for Best Actor – [[Thanmathra]]<ref name=":0" />
*2006 [[CNN-IBN]] poll – Most Popular Keralite Award<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mohanlal-tops-popular-keralite-poll/25523-3.html |title=Mohanlal tops popular Keralite poll |publisher=CNN-IBN |date=6 November 2006 |work=ibnlive.in.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010015646/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/mohanlal-tops-popular-keralite-poll/25523-3.html |archive-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>
*2007 Kerala [[HIV/AIDS|AIDS]] Control Society – Goodwill Ambassador<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://zeenews.india.com/home/mohanlal-goodwill-ambassador-for-aids-awareness-prog_359645.html |title=Mohanlal goodwill ambassador for AIDS awareness prog |date=12 March 2007 |agency=[[Zee News]] |access-date=24 May 2015 |archive-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524213445/http://zeenews.india.com/home/mohanlal-goodwill-ambassador-for-aids-awareness-prog_359645.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2009 Kerala State Athletics – Goodwill Ambassador<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/actor-mohanlal-runs-for-kerala-athletes/article129968.ece |title=Actor Mohanlal runs for Kerala athletes |date=1 November 2009 |access-date=24 May 2015 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211831/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/Actor-Mohanlal-runs-for-Kerala-athletes/article16470312.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2009 [[Limca Book of Records]] "People of the year" Award<ref name="onlookers">{{Cite web |title=Interesting Facts about Mohanlal |date=27 January 2015 |url=http://onlookersmedia.in/onlookerslive/10-interesting-facts-about-mohanlal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908133435/http://onlookersmedia.in/onlookerslive/10-interesting-facts-about-mohanlal |archive-date=2019-09-08 |access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>
*2009 [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma#Sree Chithira Thirunal National Award|Sree Chithira Thirunal National Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2009 |title=Chithira Tirunal award for Mohanlal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Chithira-Tirunal-award-for-Mohanlal/article16882326.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211310/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Chithira-Tirunal-award-for-Mohanlal/article16882326.ece |archive-date=27 January 2021 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
*2009 Annual Malayalam Movie Awards for Best Actor – [[Bhramaram]]<ref name=":1">{{Citation|title=Bhramaram|date=2021-06-20|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhramaram&oldid=1029569132|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-07-09}}</ref>
*2009 [[Kairali TV]] Movie Awards for Best Actor – [[Bhramaram]]<ref name=":1" />
*2009 Jaycee Award for Best Actor – [[Bhramaram]]<ref name=":1" />
*2010 [[Reader's Digest]] included him in the list of "100 Most Trusted Indians".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/kalam-ratan-tata-india-s-most-trusted-mayawati-least/article1-514441.aspx |title=Kalam, Ratan Tata India's most trusted, Mayawati least |last=IANS |date=2 March 2010 |agency=[[Hindustan Times]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524194509/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/kalam-ratan-tata-india-s-most-trusted-mayawati-least/article1-514441.aspx |archive-date=24 May 2015}}</ref>
*2010 [[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]] Memorial National Award for his contributions to Indian Cinema.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article479225.ece |title=Thikkurissy award for Mohanlal |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=5 April 2016 |archive-date=18 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418060119/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/article479225.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2010 Kerala [[Handloom]] Industry – Goodwill Ambassador<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20100142599 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729054009/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_Story.aspx?id=ENTEN20100142599 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2012 |title=Mohanlal made goodwill ambassador of handloom textiles |website=NDTVmovies.com |date=31 May 2010}}</ref>
*2011 [[Deccan Chronicle]] Survey – Most Popular Keralite<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malayalamfilimnews.blogspot.com/2011/03/mohanlal-most-popular-keralite-2011.html|title=Malayalam Film News: Mohanlal – Most Popular Keralite 2011 Survey By Deccan Chronicle.|date=28 March 2011|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=27 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127211825/http://malayalamfilimnews.blogspot.com/2011/03/mohanlal-most-popular-keralite-2011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*2011 Kerala Film Producers Association for Best Actor – [[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]<ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Pranayam|date=2021-05-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pranayam&oldid=1022658419|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2021-07-09}}</ref>
*2011 Viewers Choice Awards for Best Actor – [[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]<ref name=":2" />
*2011 Nana Film Awards Special Jury Mention – [[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]<ref name=":2" />
*2011 Reporter TV Film Awards for Best Actor – [[Pranayam (2011 film)|Pranayam]]<ref name=":2" />
*2012 His film [[Iruvar]] was included in the [[British Film Institute]] [[Sight and Sound]] "1000 greatest films of all time".
*2013 ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]]'' – "Most Influential Indian from Kerala".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/content11168.asp#I-Day%20Special:%20India%27s%20Most%20Influential |title=India's most influential |publisher=OutlookIndia.com |accessdate=15 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814000623/http://www.outlookindia.com/content11168.asp |archive-date=14 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?287338 |title=Mohanlal – The Most Inflential Indian from Kerala |publisher=OutlookIndia.com |accessdate=15 August 2013 |author=Minu Ittyipe |archive-date=14 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814172031/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?287338 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2013 ''[[Forbes (India)|Forbes India]]'' included his 1991 role in ''Bharatham'' as one of the "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema".<ref>Prasad, Shishir. (2013-04-27) [http://forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/0 Forbes India Magazine – 25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519053125/http://forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/0 |date=2015-05-19 }}. Forbesindia.com. Retrieved on 2017-05-31.</ref>
*2013 [[CNN-IBN]] survey on "100 years of Indian cinema" – 3rd position as India's Great Actors.<ref>[http://news.entecity.com/mohanlal-comes-3rd-among-indias-great-actorscnn-ibn/ Mohanlal comes 3rd among India's great actors;CNN-IBN Survey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314022727/http://news.entecity.com/mohanlal-comes-3rd-among-indias-great-actorscnn-ibn/ |date=2013-03-14 }}. News.entecity.com (2013-03-10). Retrieved on 2017-05-31.</ref>
*2015 All-Kerala Advertisers Agencies Association honoured him with the title "Brand Icon of Kerala" for his contributions to advertising world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Business Honchos to Put Heads Together |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Business-Honchos-to-Put-Heads-Together/2015/11/26/article3146884.ece |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=26 November 2015 |accessdate=28 March 2016 |archive-date=9 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409014621/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/Business-Honchos-to-Put-Heads-Together/2015/11/26/article3146884.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2016 Kerala organ donation programme – Goodwill Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Kerala CM site|url=https://www.keralacm.gov.in/mrithasanjeevani/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718002415/http://www.keralacm.gov.in/mrithasanjeevani/|archive-date=2020-07-18|access-date=|website=}}</ref>
*2016 Won "[[Manorama News]]maker of The Year", title given to a [[Keralite]] who has hogged the most headlines and brought a positive change in society.<ref>{{cite news |title='Complete Actor' Mohanlal wins Manorama News Newsmaker 2016 award |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/manorama-news-newsmaker-2016-mohanlal.html |accessdate=15 January 2017 |work=[[Malayala Manorama]] |date=15 January 2017 |archive-date=16 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116170404/http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/manorama-news-newsmaker-2016-mohanlal.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2017 "Indian Icon 2017" Award by Friends of Bahrain.<ref>{{cite news |title='ഫ്രണ്ട്‌സ് ഓഫ് ബഹ്റൈന്‍ ഇന്ത്യന്‍ ഐക്കണ്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം മോഹന്‍ലാലിന്' ഫ്രണ്ട്‌സ് ഓഫ് ബഹ്റൈന്‍ ഇന്ത്യന്‍ ഐക്കണ്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം മോഹന്‍ലാലിന് |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/gulf/bahrain/mohanlal-friends-of-bahrain-indian-icon-award-1.1947551 |accessdate=19 May 2017 |archive-date=19 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519103915/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/gulf/bahrain/mohanlal-friends-of-bahrain-indian-icon-award-1.1947551 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2018 [[P. Kesavadev#Kesavadev Awards|P. Kesavadev Diabscreen Kerala Award]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mohanlal receives P Keshav Dev Award 2018|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/mohanlal-receives-p-keshav-dev-award-2018/articleshow/64961942.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 July 2018|accessdate=13 May 2020|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204195919/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/mohanlal-receives-p-keshav-dev-award-2018/articleshow/64961942.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=11 July 2018: 14th P.Kesavadev Awards|url=http://diabscreenkerala.net/prgms/2018/july_11_2018.html |date=11 July 2018|accessdate=13 May 2020}}</ref>
*2019 ''Pranavapathmam Puraskaram'' by [[Santhigiri|Santhigiri Ashramam]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/news/latest-news/2019/03/25/mohanlal-receives-pranava-pathmam-award-by-santhigiri.html |title=3 സ്ഥാനാർഥികളും സാക്ഷി; ശാന്തിഗിരി പ്രണവപത്മം ഏറ്റുവാങ്ങി മോഹൻലാൽ }}</ref>
*2019 [[Mazhavil Manorama|Mazhavil]] Entertainment Awards – Ultimate Entertainer Actor<ref>{{cite web|title=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards 2019: here's the list of winners|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/05/07/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-2019-list-of-winners.html|date=7 May 2019|work=[[Manorama Online]]|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030145444/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2019/05/07/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-2019-list-of-winners.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*2020 P. V. Sami Memorial Industrial and Socio-cultural Award, for his contributions to [[Malayalam cinema]] for the last four decades and contributions for charity through [[ViswaSanthi Foundation]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Award|first=PV Sami|title=Mathrubhumi News|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/movie-news/pv-sami-memorial-award-for-mohanlal-1.5013632}}</ref>
*2021 [[Goodwill Ambassador]] of [[Tuberculosis]] eradication campaign by health department of the [[Government of Kerala]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=|title=The news minute|work=|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-be-goodwill-ambassador-keralas-tuberculosis-eradication-programme-141935|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-date=2021-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122064725/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohanlal-be-goodwill-ambassador-keralas-tuberculosis-eradication-programme-141935}}</ref>
*2022 [[Mazhavil Manorama|Mazhavil]] Entertainment Awards – Master Entertainer Acting<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatv.in/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-winners/ | title=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards 2022 Winners Are Mohanlal, Manju Warrier | date=29 August 2022 }}</ref>
*2024 [[Sreekumaran Thampi]] Foundation Award for excellence in acting<ref>{{Cite web |last=SV |first=Swathi |date=2024-07-03 |title=Sreekumaran Thambi Foundation award to Actor Mohanlal |url=https://en.thekarmanews.com/sreekumaran-thambi-foundation-award-to-actor-mohanlal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706100529/https://en.thekarmanews.com/sreekumaran-thambi-foundation-award-to-actor-mohanlal/ |archive-date=2024-07-06 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Karma News}}</ref>
*2024 [[Kalabhavan Mani]] Memorial Awards -Best Debutant Director for [[Barroz 3D]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southlive.in/movie/film-news/mohanlal-wins-kalabhavan-mani-memorial-award-for-best-debut-director#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17474666917826&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southlive.in%2Fmovie%2Ffilm-news%2Fmohanlal-wins-kalabhavan-mani-memorial-award-for-best-debut-director|title=മികച്ച നവാഗത സംവിധായകന്‍ മോഹന്‍ലാല്‍; കലാഭവന്‍ മണി മെമ്മോറിയല്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം|website=SouthLive}}</ref>
*2025 Best Actor for ''[[Thudarum]]'' by Malayala Puraskara Samithi's Malayala Puraskaram 1201<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-17 |title=ഒമ്പതാമത്‌ മലയാള പുരസ്കാരങ്ങൾ: മോഹൻലാലിനും സിബി മലയിലിനും അഭിലാഷ് മോഹനനും അവാര്‍ഡ്‌ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/malayalam-puraskaram-2025-winners-1.10839857 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>
*2025 [[Mazhavil Manorama|Mazhavil]] Entertainment Awards – Entertainer of the Year<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards: Mohanlal wins Entertainer of the Year for ‘Thudarum’ |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/08/18/mazhavil-entertainment-awards-malayalam-cinema-star-studded-event.html |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Mazhavil Entertainment Awards: Mohanlal wins Entertainer of the Year for ‘Thudarum’ |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0482320|Mohanlal|section=awards}}

{{Mohanlal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohanlal}}
[[Category:Mohanlal|Awards]]
[[Category:Lists of awards received by Indian actor]]

Bharatiya Skill Development University

2026-01-22T17:27:16Z

DesireeTietjen: Started

{{Short description|Private skill university in Jaipur, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| image =
| image_size =
| name = Bhartiya Skill Development University
| motto =
| established = 2017
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| faculty =
| students =
| endowment =
| chairperson = Ursula Joshi
| president = Dr. Vivek Bhandari
| pro_vice_chancellor =
| city = [[Jaipur]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.ruj-bsdu.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bhartiya Skill Development University (BSDU)''' is a [[Private University (India)|private]] skill university located in [[Jaipur|Jaipur, India]] and enacted by ''The Bhartiya Skill Development University Jaipur Act'', 2017 (Rajasthan Act No. 3 of 2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bhartiya Skill Development University Jaipur Act 2017 |url=https://ruj-bsdu.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/annexure-ii.pdf |website=[[Bhartiya Skill Development University]] Jaipur}}</ref> of [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/privateuniversitylist.aspx?id=29&Unitype=3 | title=Private University Rajasthan | publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)]] | accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mydigitalfc.com/miscellany/bsdu-emerge-largest-skill-development-university | title=BSDU to emerge as largest skill development university | date=15 June 2018 | publisher=Financial Chronicle | accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ruj-group-plans-rs-700-crore-investment-on-business-expansion-in-jaipur-2867761.html | title=RUJ Group plans Rs 700 crore investment on business expansion in Jaipur | publisher=Money Control | date=21 August 2018 | accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rtdc-hotels-may-be-turned-into-hospitality-institutes/articleshow/66407163.cms | title=RTDC hotels may be turned into hospitality institutes | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=29 October 2018 | accessdate=6 November 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.ruj-bsdu.in/#1}}

{{Universities in Rajasthan}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2017]]
[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Rajasthan]]

{{Rajasthan-university-stub}}

Hinduism in Guyana

2026-01-20T09:39:39Z

DesireeTietjen:

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox religious group|group=Guyanese Hindus |image=|image_caption=|flag=[[File:Om symbol.svg|75px|link=Om]]|pop='''257,000''' (2021) {{increase}}'''31.0%''' of the population|regions={{hlist|[[Guyana]]|[[United States]]|[[Canada]]|[[United Kingdom]]|[[Netherlands]]| [[Suriname]]|[[Trinidad and Tobago]]|[[Saint Martin (island)|St. Martin]]}}|scriptures=[[Vedas]]{{·}}[[Puranas]]{{·}}[[Upanishads]] {{·}}''[[Ramayana]]'' (incl. ''[[Ramcharitmanas]]'' version){{·}}''[[Mahabharata]]'' (incl. ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''){{·}}[[Hindu texts|other Hindu texts]]
|rels='''[[Hinduism]]''' ([[Sanātana Dharma]]) '''Majority sect''' [[Sanātanī#Sanātanī as a denomination|Sanātanī]] '''Minority sects''' [[Arya Samaj in Guyana|Arya Samaj]]{{·}}[[Caribbean Shaktism|Caribbean Shaktism (Kali Mai Dharam/Madrasi Hinduism)]]{{·}}[[Sathya Sai Baba movement]]{{·}}Sieunarini (Sir Narain/Shiv Narayani) Panth{{·}}[[Hindu atheism]]{{·}}others
|langs=[[Sanskrit]] {{·}} [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (''[[liturgical languages]]'') [[English language|English]] ([[Guyanese Creole|Guyanese English Creole]]){{·}}[[Caribbean Hindustani#Guyanese Hindustani|Guyanese Hindustani]]
|related-c=[[Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago|Trinidadian and Tobagonian Hindus]]{{·}}[[Hinduism in Suriname|Surinamese Hindus]]{{·}}[[Hinduism in Jamaica|Jamaican Hindus]]{{·}}[[Hinduism in the West Indies|other Caribbean Hindus]]}}
{{Hinduism by country}}

'''[[Hinduism]] in [[Guyana]]''' is the religion of about 31.0% of the population in 2021.<ref name="Religions in Guyana">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guyana#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|title=Religions in Guyana|website=globalreligiousfutures.org|access-date=10 February 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209192305/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/guyana#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> This makes Guyana the country with the highest percentage of [[Hindu]] residents in the [[Western Hemisphere]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/hindu/|title=Percent Hindu – country rankings|website=the Global Economy|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref>

==History ==
After the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833|1833 Slavery Abolition Act]] in the [[British Empire]], the need for labour led to the recruitment of Indians in Guyana and other [[British West Indies|British West Indian]] territories. Upon arrival, the new workers had to adapt to the extreme tropical conditions, along with their new contracts and working conditions. Between 1835 and 1918, 341,600 indentured labourers were imported into British Guyana from India.<ref>Despres, Leo, "Differential Adaptions and Micro-Cultural Evolution in Guyana," ''Southwestern Journal of Anthropology'', 25:1, 22.</ref>

From 1852, Christian missionaries attempted to convert East Indians during the [[indentured servitude]] period, but this was met with little success. In response to Christian proselytizing, Hindu priests and monks began administering spiritual rites to all Hindus.

In the late 1940s, reform movements caught the attention of many Guyanese Hindus. In 1910, [[Arya Samaj]] arrived in Guyana.

==Demographics==
Hinduism had been slowly decreasing for many decades. In 1991, 35.0% of the Guyanese population adhered to Hinduism, decreasing to 28.4% in 2002,<ref name="gov.gy">{{cite web|url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Chapter2_Population_Composition.pdf |title=Chapter Ii |access-date=2018-11-03}}</ref> 24.8% in 2012<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/269230.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815171203/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/269230.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-08-15 |title=Organization |website=www.state.gov }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''Year'''
! '''Percent'''
! '''Decrease'''
|-
| '''1980'''
| '''35.7%'''
| '''-'''
|-
| '''1991'''
| '''35.0%'''
| style="background: red" | '''-0.7%'''
|-
| '''2002'''
| '''28.4%'''
| style="background: red" | '''-6.6%'''
|-
| '''2012'''
| '''24.8%'''
| style="background: red" | '''-3.6%'''
|-
| '''2021'''
| '''31.0%'''
| style="background: green" | ''' 6.2'''
|-
|}

===Geographical distribution of Hindus===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Region !! Percent of Hindus (2002) || Percent of Hindus (2012)
|-
| [[Barima-Waini]] || 8.1% || 0.4%
|-
| [[Pomeroon-Supenaam]]|| 37.3% || 33.2%
|-
| [[Essequibo Islands-West Demerara]] || 46.5% || 37.7%
|-
| [[Demerara-Mahaica]] || 24.4% || 20.8%
|-
| [[Mahaica-Berbice]] || 39.0% || 34.1%
|-
| [[East Berbice-Corentyne]] || 46.4% || 42.1%
|-
| [[Cuyuni-Mazaruni]] || 5.6% || 3.5%
|-
| [[Potaro-Siparuni]] || 6.4% || 1.0%
|-
| [[Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo]] || 0.5% ||0.4%
|-
| [[Upper Demerara-Berbice]]|| 4.7% || 0.8%
|-
! Guyana !! 28.4% || 24.8%
|}
[[Tamil people|Tamil (Madrasi)]] Hindus forms the majority in [[East Berbice-Corentyne]] region and practice [[Caribbean Shaktism]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rBkiZSDl9V8C&pg=PA11|title=Translating Kali's Feast: The Goddess in Indo-Caribbean Ritual and Fiction|first1=Stephanos|last1=Stephanides|first2=Karna Bahadur|last2=Singh|date=3 November 2018|publisher=Rodopi|via=Google Books|isbn=978-9042013711}}</ref>

According to the 2012 census, 39.8% of the Guyana's population is of East Indian origin and 24.8% are Hindus.<ref name="state.gov"/> The remainder is mostly [[Islam in Guyana|Muslim]] (6.8%) or Christian (62.7%). according to new census The Hindu population in Guyana has been steadily increasing over the years. According to the 2012 Census, Hindus constitute approximately 24% of the total population, showing growth in both absolute numbers and as a percentage of the population.<ref>Guyana Bureau of Statistics. 2012 Population Census. Retrieved from https://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy</ref>

==Public Holidays==
[[Holi]]-Phagwah and [[Deepavali]] are National Holidays in Guyana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90256.htm|title=Guyana}}</ref>

==Temples==
[[File:Central Vaidik Mandir, Georgetown, Guyana..jpg|thumb]]

*[[Tain Hindu Mandir]]
*Central Vaidik Mandir
*Sita Ram Toolsie Vade Ganesh Mandir
*Shree Maha Kali Devi Temple
*Edinburgh Shree Krishna Mandir
*Hampton Court Mandir
*D'Edward Vighneshwar Mandir

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Religion in Guyana]]
*[[Hinduism in Belize]]
*[[Hinduism in French Guiana]]
*[[Hinduism in South America]]
*[[Hinduism in Suriname]]
*[[Hinduism in Trinidad and Tobago]]
*[[Hindu eschatology]]
{{colend}}

==References==
<references />

== External links ==

{{South America topic|Hinduism in}}

{{Portal|Hinduism|Guyana|North America}}
[[Category:Hinduism in Guyana| ]]
[[Category:Religion in Guyana]]

Paranjoy Guha Thakurta

2026-01-12T11:17:33Z

DesireeTietjen: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Indian journalist, writer and filmmaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Paranjoy Guha Thakurta
| image = Paranjoy Guha Thakurta.jpg
|caption = Paranjoy Guha Thakurta - June 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|10|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata, West Bengal]], India
| occupation = [[Journalist]], writer
| notable_works = ''[[Gas Wars]]''
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| website = {{URL|paranjoy.in}}
| relatives = [[Tapati Guha-Thakurta]] (sister)<ref>{{cite web|title= Dangerous untruth: Vasudevan's wife; Shock at misinformation about cause|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/dangerous-untruth-vasudevans-wife-shock-at-misinformation-about-cause-of-historians-death/cid/1779992|website=[[Telegraph India]]|date=10 June 2020}}</ref>
}}

'''Paranjoy Guha Thakurta''' (born 5 October 1955) is an Indian journalist, writer, publisher, documentary film maker and teacher.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/paranjoy-thakurta/ | title=Paranjoy Thakurta | publisher=[[Jaipur Literature Festival]] | date=4 January 2014 | accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> He has been a guest faculty member at [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM Ahmedabad]] for 18 consecutive years, and also taught at the [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIMs]] at [[IIM Calcutta|Calcutta]] and [[IIM Shillong|Shillong]], the [[University of Delhi]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[Asian College of Journalism, Chennai|Asian College of Journalism]] and [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] among other educational institutions.<ref name=Good/> He is the only Indian journalist referred to in the famous Hindenburg Report on Adani.

==Career==
Guha Thakurta was educated at [[La Martiniere Calcutta]], pursued his undergraduate degree in economics from [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] and completed his master's degree from [[Delhi School of Economics]] in 1977. With [[The Emergency (India)|the Emergency]] of 1975–77, he decided to be a journalist over being a lecturer. In June 1977, he joined a Kolkata-based magazine as assistant editor. Through his career spanning over 45 years, he has been associated with major media houses like ''[[Business India]]'', ''[[Businessworld]]'', ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'', ''[[India Today]]'' and ''[[The Pioneer (Indian newspaper)|The Pioneer]]''. He also hosted the chat show ''India Talks'' on CNBC-India which ran over 1400 episodes.<ref name=Good>{{cite web | url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Culture/1467/a-good-journalist.html | title=There are no TV or print journalists. Just good or bad ones | work=The Weekend Leader | date=22 December 2012 | accessdate=12 June 2014 | author=Das, Agnibesh}}</ref>

In 2013, he directed a short documentary film ''Coal Curse'' which highlighted the wrongs in the Indian coal mining industry.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/XiuHo2M3DE86UMFuk5UVHI/Paranjoy-Guha-Thakurta--The-black-truth.html | title=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta - The black truth | work=[[Live Mint]] | date=19 April 2013 | accessdate=12 June 2014 | author=Khurana, Chanpreet}}</ref> The 45-minute film, supported by Greenpeace, delved into the political economy of coal in contemporary India with the Singrauli example serving as a case study. This was Guha Thakurta's second film on coal, the earlier one being 'Hot as hell: Why Jharia is burning', that was produced in 2006 by the Public Service Broadcasting Trust.

His 2014 book ''[[Gas Wars|Gas Wars: Crony Capitalism and the Ambanis]]'', co-authored with [[Subir Ghosh]] and Jyotirmoy Chaudhuri, dealt with alleged irregularities of the prices of natural gas in the Indian market. [[Reliance Industries Limited]], one of India's major conglomerates which is also involved in oil and gas exploration and production, sent a legal notice to Guha Thakurta and others for defamation through this book.<ref>{{cite news|title=RIL sends notice to Gas Wars authors|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/ril-sends-notice-to-gas-wars-authors/article5923679.ece|accessdate=29 May 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Paranjoy Guha Thakurta Aakar Patel.jpg|thumb|Paranjoy Guha Thakurta (right) and Aakar Patel (left) at an [[Amnesty International India|Amnesty International]] event in New Delhi.|alt=]]
In 2016, Guha Thakurta was appointed Editor of the [[Economic and Political Weekly]] (EPW) replacing C Rammanohar Reddy, who steered the prestigious journal since 2004. He co-authored an article <ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/24/web-exclusives/modi-governments-%E2%82%B9500-crore-bonanza-adani-group-company.html|title=Modi Government's ₹500 Crore Bonanza to Adani Group Company|date=17 June 2017|website=EPW.in|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712165050/http://www.epw.in/journal/2017/24/web-exclusives/modi-governments-%E2%82%B9500-crore-bonanza-adani-group-company.html|archivedate=12 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/149156/modi-government-adani-group/|title=Modi Government's Rs 500-Crore Bonanza to the Adani Group|date=19 June 2017|website=TheWire.in}}</ref> about the [[Adani Group]]'s [[tax evasion]]. The article brought to light how the [[Government of India|Government]] tweaked the rules which favoured a certain company within the [[Adani Group]] to the tune of Rs 500 Crores.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/149156/modi-government-adani-group/|title=Modi Government's Rs 500-Crore Bonanza to the Adani Group|last=Dasgupta|first=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, Advait Rao Palepu, Shinzani Jain and Abir|website=thewire.in|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-07-19}}</ref> EPW tried to reach out to [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] and [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Ministry of Industry and Commerce]], but no explanation was given for this policy decision.

Following this, a defamation notice was sent to the Sameeksha Trust and the authors of the article. Fearing an expensive lawsuit by one of India's biggest corporate houses, Sameeksha Trust (which runs the journal [[Economic and Political Weekly|EPW]]) decided to take down the article,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/159090/adani-group-slapps-epw-editor-job/|title=Adani Group 'SLAPP' Pushes EPW Editor Out of His Job|date=18 July 2017|website=TheWire.in}}</ref> prompting Paranjoy Guha Thakurta's resignation on July 18, 2017, over alleged differences with the board.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/epw-paranjoy-guha-thakurta-resigns-as-editor-defamation-case|title=EPW Editor Steps Down After Legal Notice by Adani Group|date=20 July 2017|website=TheQuint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paranjoy-guha-thakurta-quits-as-epw-editor/article19302912.ece|title=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta quits as EPW editor|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/844275/paranjoy-guha-thakurta-quits-as-editor-of-economic-and-political-weekly-over-differences-with-board|title=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta quits as editor of Economic and Political Weekly over differences with board|date=18 July 2017|website=Scroll.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paranjoy-guha-thakurta-quits-as-epw-editor/article19302912.ece|title=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta quits as EPW editor|author=Staff Reporter|date=2017-07-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-09|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Adani Group]] is headed by [[Gautam Adani]] who is understood to be close to [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].

The Hindenburg Research report on Adani published on January 24, 2023, alleged that Adani had engaged in a number of questionable practices, including opaque accounting, environmental violations, and bribery. The report caused a significant drop in Adani's share price and led to calls for investigations into the company's activities. Paranjoy Guha Thakurta is the only Indian journalist who was [https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/adani-row-journalist-mentioned-in-hindenburg-report-speaks-up/cid/1914774#:~:text=Paranjoy%20Guha%20Thakurta%2C%20the%20journalist,Ahmedabad%20issued%20a%20gag%20order referred] to in the report.

=== Paid news ===
Guha Thakurta was a member of the sub-committee set up by the [[Press Council of India]] to look into the malaise of paid news. Initially, the report titled ''Paid News: How Corruption in the Indian Media Undermines Democracy'' was to be released on 26 April 2010, but it was deferred after many members of the Council raised objections.<ref>{{cite news|title='Paid News': The Buried Report|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/paid-news-the-buried-report/266542|date=6 August 2010|magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|accessdate=14 June 2015}}</ref> A diluted version of the report, which was released on 30 July 2010, raised a storm. A number of newspaper establishments were named as having indulged in editorial malpractices. These included [[Bennett, Coleman and Co]] (owners of ''[[The Times of India]]''), [[HT Media]] (owners of ''[[Hindustan Times]], Hindustan'' and ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]''), ''[[Dainik Jagran|Dainik Jagaran]], [[Dainik Bhaskar]], [[Punjab Kesari]], [[Lokmat]], [[Eenadu]]'', and [[Sakshi (media group)|Sakshi group]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|title=Final report on Paid News|publisher=Press Council of India|year=2010|url=http://presscouncil.nic.in/oldwebsite/councilreport.pdf}}</ref>

In September 2010, the [[Central Information Commission]] (CIC) of India directed the council to make public the report as part of ''suo motu'' disclosure mandated under the [[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information (RTI) Act]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/65451/india-ghost-of-paid-news-report-returns-to-haunt-press-council/ | title='Paid news' report spectre returns to haunt Press Council | work=Asian Correspondent | date=21 September 2011 | accessdate=13 June 2015 | author=Ghosh, Subir | archive-date=28 December 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228013145/http://asiancorrespondent.com/65451/india-ghost-of-paid-news-report-returns-to-haunt-press-council/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Guha Thakurta has since written extensively on the issue of "paid news". In a December 2013 article for ''[[First Post (India)|First Post]]'', he explained why the malaise of "paid news" is a threat to democracy:
{{blockquote|The independence of the media and its ability to bring about transparency in society by playing an adversarial role against the establishment get compromised because of corruption within the folds of the media itself. Paid news is one particularly egregious manifestation of the ills of the corporatized media that puts out information that poses as if it has been independently and objectively produced but has actually been paid for.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/why-paid-news-is-a-threat-to-indian-democracy-1268751.html |title=Why paid news is a threat to Indian democracy |date=5 December 2013 |work=First Post |accessdate=18 June 2015 |first=Paranjoy |last=Guha Thakurta}}</ref>}}

=== PIL on 2G case ===
Guha Thakurta was one of many well-known people who joined a public interest litigation in the [[2G spectrum case]], originally filed by the [[Centre for Public Interest Litigation]] (CPIL) led by lawyer [[Prashant Bhushan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-12-15/news/27578477_1_2g-rollout-obligation-licences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618162958/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-12-15/news/27578477_1_2g-rollout-obligation-licences |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2015 |title=PIL filed in SC to recover revenue lost to 2G scam |date=15 December 2010 |work=The Economic Times |accessdate=18 June 2015 |first=Shalini |last=Singh}}</ref> He has written extensively on the scam, with the first article on the subject appearing in ''[[The Economic Times]]'' in November 2007. Soon after its publication, a legal notice was served on him by [[Reliance Communications]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.rediff.com/slide-show/2010/sep/16/slide-show-1-why-i-filed-a-pil-against-the-telecom-minister.htm |title=2G scam: Why I filed a PIL against the telecom minister |date=16 September 2010 |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=18 June 2015 |first=Paranjoy |last=Guha Thakurta}}</ref>

=== Pegasus Spyware ===
{{main|Pegasus Project revelations in India}}
Paranjoy Guha Thakurta was targeted with Pegasus spyware between April and July 2018. Through a forensic analysis, Amnesty International's Security Lab have confirmed that his phone was successfully compromised and that these infections were consistent with other known infection vectors.[https://forbiddenstories.org/journaliste/paranjoy-guha-thakurta/][https://thewire.in/law/five-journalists-move-sc-wants-centre-to-disclose-if-it-authorised-use-of-pegasus]

==Works==
===Books===
* ''A Time of Coalitions: Divided We Stand'', 2004 SAGE; co-author Shankar Raghuraman, {{ISBN|0-7619-3237-2}}.
* ''Media Ethics'', 2009 Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-19-807087-0}}.
* ''[[Gas Wars|Gas Wars: Crony Capitalism and the Ambanis]]'', 2014 Paranjoy Guha Thakurta; co-authors Subir Ghosh and Jyotirmoy Chaudhuri, {{ISBN|81-928551-3-9}}.
* ''[[Sue the messenger|Sue the Messenger: How legal arm-twisting by corporates is shackling reportage and undermining democracy in India]]''; co-author with Subir Ghosh; 2016 Paranjoy and Authors UpFront, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-81-1}}.
* ''Thin Dividing Line: India, Mauritius and Global Illicit financial flows''; co-authored with Shinzani Jain; 2017 Penguin Random House India, {{ISBN|978-81-8400-588-2}}.
* ''Loose Pages:Court Cases That Could Have Shaken India'', co-author Sourya Majumder, {{ISBN|978-1-68454-924-5}}.
* ''The Real Face of Facebook in India: How Social Media have Become a Weapon and Disseminator of Disinformation and Falsehood'', 2019 Paranjoy Guha Thakurta; co-author Cyril Sam, {{ISBN|1-64570-347-9}}
* ''A Million Mission: Non Profit Sector in India,'' 2014 Paranjoy; Author Mathew Cherian, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-04-0}}
* ''Calcutta'' ''Diary'', 2014 Paranjoy; Author Ashok Mitra, {{ISBN|978-0-7146-3082-3}}
* ''The Modi Myth'', 2015 Paranjoy; Author S. Nihal Singh, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-57-6}}
* ''Netaji: Living Dangerously'', 2015 Paranjoy; Author Kingshuk Nag, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-69-9}}
* ''Idea of India Hard To Beat: Republic Resilient,'' 2016 Paranjoy; Author Badri Raina, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-76-7}}
* ''First Person Singular,'' 2016 Paranjoy; Author Ashok Mitra, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-65-1}}
* ''Encounters,'' 2016 Paranjoy; Author Ramnika Gupta, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-82-8}}
* ''Junkland Journeys: The witty story of how world is won by a whacky addict who discovers god in a dog'', 2016 Paranjoy; Author Ajith Pillai, {{ISBN|93-84439-75-4}}
* ''Edward John Thompson: British Liberalism and the Limits of Rapprochement,'' 2016 Paranjoy; Author Shashi Raina, {{ISBN|1-5376-5043-2}}
* ''The Story of Secularism: 15th-21st Century,'' 2016 Paranjoy; Author Nalini Rajan, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-86-6}}
* ''Kashmir: A Noble Tryst in Tatters,'' 2017 Paranjoy; Author Badri Raina, {{ISBN|978-93-84439-97-2}}
* ''Chasing His Father's Dreams: Inside Story of Odisha's Longest Serving Chief Minister,'' 2017 Paranjoy; Author Biswajit Mohanty, {{ISBN|93-84439-90-8}}
* ''The Russian Revolution: And Storms Across A Century (1917-2017)'', 2017 Paranjoy; Author, Achala Moulik, {{ISBN|978-81-933924-0-9}}
* ''Alternative Futures: India Unshackled,'' 2017 AuthorsUpFront Paranjoy; Authors Ashish Kothari and K.J. Roy, {{ISBN|81-933924-7-7}}
* ''Grand Illusion: The GSPC Disaster and the Gujarat Model,'' 2017 Paranjoy; Author Subir Ghosh, {{ISBN|93-87280-02-0}}
* ''Corruption, CBI and I: More than Memories of a Veteran Scam-Buster,'' 2020 Paranjoy; Authors Shantonu Sen and Sanjukta Basu, {{ISBN|93-87280-59-4}}
* ''India's Long Walk Home,'' 2020 Paranjoy; Authors Ishan Chauhan and Zenaida Cubbinz, {{ISBN|978-93-87280-87-8}}
* ''India: The Wasted Years,'' 2021 Paranjoy; Author [[Avay Shukla]], {{ISBN|979-8-5319-5345-2}}
* ''Electoral Democracy? An Inquiry into the Fairness and Integrity of Elections in India,'' 2022 Paranjoy; Edited by M.G. Devasahayam, ISBN 979-8-88525-098-6
* Flying Lies? ''The Role of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in India's Biggest Defence Scandal'', 2022 Paranjoy; Authors Ravi Nair and Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, ISBN 979-8888626702
* ''The Queen of All Nations,'' 2023 Paranjoy; Author Abhijit Sengupta, ISBN 978-9394887329
* ''The Deputy Commissioner's Dog and Other Colleagues,'' 2023 Paranjoy; Author Avay Shukla, ISBN 978-9394887381
* Disappearing Democracy: ''Dismantling Of A Nation'', 2024 Paranjoy; Author Avay Shukla, ISBN 978-9394887589
* Holy Cows And Loose Cannons: The Duffer Zone Chronicles, 2025 Paranjoy; Author Avay Shukla, {{ISBN|9394887474}}
* The Dark Side Of News Fixing: The Culture And political Economy Of Global Media In Pakistan And Afghanistan, 2025 Paranjoy, Authors Upfront; Author Syed Irfan Ashraf, {{ISBN|9394887504}}
* An Unflattering Story About Ola's Bhavish Aggarwal: Behind the Incredible Rise and Impending Fall of an Indian Unicorn, 2025 Paranjoy; Author Sourya Majumder, Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, {{ISBN|8198727299}}
[[File:Book Launch of Loose Pages Court Cases That Could Have Shaken India.jpg|thumb|ISBNDuring the book launch of "''Loose Pages: Court Cases That Could Have Shaken India"'' at the Press Club of India. Visible in the picture are the authors, Paranjoy Guha Thakurta and Sourya Majumder at the podium. [[Arun Shourie]] is also visible.]]

===Documentaries===
* ''Idiot Box or Window of Hope, 2003''
* ''Hot As Hell: A Profile of Dhanbad, 2006''
* ''Grabbing Eyeballs: What's Unethical About Television News in India, 2007''
* ''Advertorial: Selling News or Products?, 2009''
* ''So Near Yet So Far, 2009''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2009 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/so-near-yet-so-far }}</ref>
* ''Blood & Iron: A Story of the Convergence of Crime, Business and Politics in Southern India, 2010-11''
* ''The Great Indian Telecom Robbery, 2011''
* ''Freedom Song, 2012''
* ''Children In Crossfire, 2013''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2013 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/children-in-crossfire |website=Paranjoy.in}}</ref>
* ''A Thin Dividing Line, 2014''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2014 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/a-thin-dividing-line |website=Paranjoy.in}}</ref>
* ''Coal Curse, 2013''
* ''In the Heart of Our Darkness: The Life and Death of Mahendra Karma, 2013''
* ''Inferno: Jharkhand's Underground Fires, 2015''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2015 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/inferno-jharkhands-underground-fires |website=Paranjoy.in}}</ref>
* ''Even it Up, 2015''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2015 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/even-it-up |website=Paranjoy.in}}</ref>
* ''Farzi:Vypam Ka Vyapaar, 2018''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2018 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 |website=Paranjoy.in }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* ''Unfair,2019''
* ''India's Children: Gorakhpur's Broken Public Health, 2019''
* ''Anand Vihar: Workers on the Longest Walk of their Lives, 2020''
* ''Migrant Workers: Stranded and Scared, 2020''
* ''What Bengal Thinks Today, 2021''
* ''[[Anjan Ghosh]] Tribute, 2021''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2021 |title=Documentaries |url=https://paranjoy.in/documentary/anjan-ghosh-tribute |website=Paranjoy.in}}</ref>
* Who's Dharavi's Boss, 2023 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NLbdJj38rw]
* Maharashtra Manipulated? How Elections Were Stolen in India's 2nd Largest State, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWxR_uHYD4E 2025]
* "महाराष्ट्रात सगळ्यात मोठी चोरी कशी झाली पहा?" | Full Documentary, Marathi, 2025 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbDTuSTuinc]

=== Music Videos ===

* ''Dike Dike Hao Hushiar, 2021''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guha Thakurta |first=Paranjoy |date=2021 |title=Dike Dike Hao Hushiar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcxGDwotwJo |website=YouTube}}</ref> (Producer and Director), Featuring [http://arkomusic.com/fiddlers-green/ The Fiddler's Green]
* ''Dharti Tumhari, Dharti Hamari, 2021''<ref>{{Citation |title=Dharti Tumhari, Dharti Hamari (Hindi & English subtitles) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9X8Bp4gG6A |language=en |access-date=2022-10-04}}</ref> (Producer and Director), Featuring Deepak Castelino
* ''Sangram/Struggle, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3Bop-bnJ00 2023]''
* ''Dharavi ka Dada Kaun'' - Noor Hasan, Lil White, and Rekoil Chafe (Producer) 2023 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y86QxF8t1MI]
* साहेब/Saheb - (Producer) Aditi, Rajesh Nirmal, Vedi Sinha, Amartya Ghosh [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_x0KVSOEhc&feature=youtu.be]
* સાહેબ/Saheb: Gujarati (Producer) Rajesh Nirmal, Vedi Sinha, Amartya Ghosh [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wQkZKMDZeZ4]
* साधो/Sadho: (Producer) Rahul Ram, Avinash Sourav, Ashok Vajpeyi, Dhruv Shukla [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBCXTF8u_xg&feature=youtu.be]
* गोदी जी/Godi ji - (Producer) Aditi, Manan Kumar, Amartya Ghosh [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaXqKIFEca4&feature=youtu.be]
* आम्ही धारावीकर/We're from Dharavi - (Producer) Shital Sathe [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgszhhTn3OM&feature=youtu.be]
* Bulldozer Raaj song - (Producer) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laA1v0E8zw0&feature=youtu.be]
* ‘Phooljhadiyan’ | Music Video -(Producer)[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=its_1sLKKcU&t=1s]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.paranjoy.in/ Personal website]
* [http://www.cultureunplugged.com/play/1166/Hot-As-Hell---Why-Jharia-is-burning Hot as hell] on Culture Unplugged
* [https://www.amazon.in/Paranjoy-Guha-Thakurta/e/B001HOTXN8/ref=dp_byline_cont_pop_book_1 Books on Amazon]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakurta, Paranjoy Guha}}
[[Category:Delhi School of Economics alumni]]
[[Category:Indian male television journalists]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Journalists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper journalists]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian book publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Indian music video directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian environmental writers]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:Indian economics writers]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian social scientists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian social scientists]]
[[Category:Indian development economists]]
[[Category:Indian development specialists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

Patayat Sahu

2025-12-29T14:38:38Z

DesireeTietjen: new new data w/ refs...

{{Short description|Indian farmer, healer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Patayat Sahu
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| other_names =
| known_for = [[Traditional healer]]
| education =
| employer =
| occupation = Farmer, Vaidya (Traditional Healer)
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| nationality =
}}

'''Patayat Sahu''' is an Indian farmer and [[Folk healer|traditional healer]] who hails from a small village of Nandol in [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]]. He is a vaidya by night and a farmer by day. He is reported not to demand any fee for the treatment but accepts whatever the people offer to him. He prepares the medicine from the herbs and plants that he grows in his garden. Upon recognition of his service to people, he was awarded a [[Padma Shri]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kar |first=Uma Shankar |date=2021-09-12 |title=65-year-old Odisha farmer's magical garden of medicinal plants |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/good-news/2021/Sep/12/65-year-old-odisha-farmers-magical-garden-of-medicinal-plants-2357584.html |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==

He started learning about traditional medicine at a young age. In his own words, he started it as a hobby. His grandfather was a [[vaidya]], a traditional healer. Behind his house, over 1.5 acres of land, he grew a garden which comprised a wide range of 3,000 medicinal plants. It was developed 40 years ago, and since then, he kept adding new [[Medicinal plants|medicinal plant]] species to it. He collected many of these species from different forests of Kalahandi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patayat sahu: दिन में मेडिसिनल प्लांट की खेती और रात में लोगों का फ्री इलाज, ओडिशा के पतायत साहू के बारे में जानिए |url=https://hindi.economictimes.com/kheti-kisani/patayat-sahu-of-kalahandi-odisha-got-padma-shri-awards-2023-for-organic-herbs-farming/articleshow/97410187.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The Economic Times Hindi |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-06 |title=Prez presents Padma Shri to 3 from state |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/prez-presents-padma-shri-to-3-from-state/articleshow/99283516.cms |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Out of 3000 medicinal plant species present in his garden, he is reported to have collected almost 500 species from various parts of India. The [[Odisha]] Medicinal Plant Board facilitated his visits to different parts of India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-01-26 |title=1.5 एकड़ में जैविक विधि से उगा दीं 3,000 औषधियां, छोटे किसान की बड़ी सोच के लिए पद्मश्री सम्मान |url=https://www.abplive.com/agriculture/odisha-farmer-patayat-sahu-got-padma-shri-awards-2023-for-organic-herbs-farming-or-herbs-gardening-2317967 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref>

Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] also praised him for creating such a useful medicinal plant garden.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi praises Odisha's Patayat Sahu for creating medicinal plant garden {{!}} The Shillong Times |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2021/09/26/modi-praises-odishas-patayat-sahu-for-creating-medicinal-plant-garden/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=theshillongtimes.com|date=26 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PM मोदी ने की ओडिशा के पटायत साहू की तारीफ, जानिए क्यों हुआ मन की बात कार्यक्रम में जिक्र |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/pm-narendra-modi-praises-odishas-patayat-sahu-for-creating-medicinal-plant-garden-in-mann-ki-baat-26-september/994565 |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=Zee News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==

[[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Patayat}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ayurvedacharyas]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in other fields]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian farmers]]

Prakash Mehra

2025-12-23T05:49:01Z

DesireeTietjen: reworked section and corrected details

{{short description|Indian film producer and director (1939–2009)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Refimprove|date=May 2009}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Film Producer Director Prakash Mehra.jpg
| caption =
| name = Prakash Mehra
| birth_date = {{birth date |1939|7|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bijnor]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|05|17|1939|07|13|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| children =
}}
'''Prakash Mehra''' (13 July 1939 – 17 May 2009) was a legendary Indian film director and producer known for his work in [[Hindi films]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Producer-director-Prakash-Mehra-passes-away/articleshow/4542153.cms | title=Producer-director Prakash Mehra passes away | date=17 May 2009 | agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] | newspaper=The Times of India | access-date=8 October 2018 }}</ref> He was one of the pioneers of [[masala film]]s, along with [[Nasir Hussain]], and [[Manmohan Desai]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Khalifa (1976)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/khalifa-1976/article17321333.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> His collaborations with the actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] resulted in several box office blockbusters and classics.

==Early life and career==
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2021}}
Born on 13 July 1939 in Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, Mehra started in the late 1950s as a [[Filmmaking#Production|production]] controller. In 1968, he directed [[Shashi Kapoor]] who played a double role in ''[[Haseena Maan Jayegi]]''. . In 1973, he produced and directed ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]''. This hit with [[Amitabh Bachchan]] started a long term and successful collaboration that spanned 7 more films, 6 being blockbuster hits: ''[[Hera Pheri (1976 film)|Hera Pheri]]'', ''[[Khoon Pasina]]'', ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]'', ''[[Lawaaris (1981 film)|Lawaaris]]'', ''[[Namak Halaal]]'' and ''[[Sharaabi]]''. Their final collaboration was ''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]'' which was a flop and ended their successful streak. ''Zanjeer'' was the film credited with launching the career of Bachchan as a lead actor and their final film together Jaadugar.

Prakash Mehra also directed & produced ''[[Zindagi Ek Jua]]'' with actor [[Anil Kapoor]] in 1991, which was not a commercial success. In 1996, he introduced veteran actor [[Raaj Kumar]]'s son [[Puru Raaj Kumar]] in ''[[Bal Bramhachari (1996 film)|Bal Bramhachari]]'' which was also unsuccessful. This was the last film he directed. He also produced the movie ''[[Dalaal]]'' with [[Mithun Chakraborty]], in the mid-90s, which was a box-office moneymaker. Mehra received a lifetime achievement award from the India Motion Picture Directors Association (IMPDA) in 2006.{{cn|date=September 2021}} He also received Lifetime Achievement as Producer from IMPPA (Indian Motion Picture Producers Association) on 19 September 2008.{{cn|date=September 2021}}

Prakash Mehra was one of the first Bombay directors to try venture into [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]]. In the late eighties he tried a joint venture to make the movie ''The God Connection'' with Frank Yandolino. The movie was to include Hollywood actors such as [[Charles Bronson]] among others, but the project though funded heavily initially, never came to fruition.{{cn|date=September 2021}}

Mehra died on 17 May 2009 in Mumbai of pneumonia and multiple organ failure.<ref name="TOI"/>

==Filmography==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film
!Director
!Producer
! Notes
|-
|1962
|''[[Professor (1962 film)|Professor]]''
|
|
|AS a controller of production
|-
|1965
|''[[Purnima (1965 film)|Purnima]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|Assistant Director & lyrics one song
|-
| 1968
| ''[[Haseena Maan Jayegi]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1971
| ''[[Mela (1971 film)|Mela]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1972
| ''[[Samadhi (1972 film)|Samadhi]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1972
| ''[[Aan Baan (1972 film)|Aan Baan]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1973
| ''[[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1973
| ''[[Ek Kunwari Ek Kunwara]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1974
| ''[[Haath Ki Safai]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1976
| ''[[Khalifa (film)|Khalifa]]''
|{{yes}}
|
|
|-
| 1976
| ''[[Hera Pheri (1976 film)|Hera Pheri]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|1977
|''[[Khoon Pasina]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Aakhri Daku]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1978
| ''[[Muqaddar Ka Sikandar]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Jwalamukhi (1980 film)|Jwalamukhi]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1980
| ''[[Desh Drohi (1980 film)|Desh Drohee]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Laawaris (1981 film)|Laawaris]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Namak Halaal]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Sharaabi]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|1986
|''[[Chameli Ki Shaadi]]''
|
|
|Contributed to script
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Muqaddar Ka Faisla]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Mohabbat Ke Dushman]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Jaadugar (1989 film)|Jaadugar]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| 1992
| ''[[Zindagi Ek Juaa]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|1993
|''[[Dalaal]]''
|
|{{Yes}}
|
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Bal Bramhachari (1996 film)|Bal Bramhachari]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|2001
|''[[Mujhe Meri Biwi Se Bachaao|Mujhe Meri Biwi Se Bachao]]''
|
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=0576488|name=Prakash Mehra}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Prakash Mehra}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehra, Prakash}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in India]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Film producers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Bijnor district]]

1966 William & Mary Indians football team

2025-12-16T01:31:01Z

DesireeTietjen: stub

{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1966
| team = William & Mary Indians
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = [[Southern Conference]]
| short_conf = SoCon
| record = 5–4–1
| conf_record = 4–1–1
| head_coach = [[Marv Levy]]
| hc_year = 3rd
| captain = Chuck Albertson
| captain2 = Bill Conaway
| stadium = [[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]
| champion = SoCon co-champion
}}
{{1966 Southern Conference football standings}}
The '''1966 William & Mary Indians football team''' was an [[American football]] team that represented the [[College of William & Mary]] as a member of the [[Southern Conference]] (SoCon) during the [[1966 NCAA University Division football season]]. In their third season under head coach [[Marv Levy]], the Indians compiled a 5–4–1 record with a mark of 4–1–1 in conference play, finishing as SoCon co-champion.<ref>{{cite web|title=1966 William & Mary Tribe Schedule and Results|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/william-mary/1966-schedule.html|work=SR/College Football|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|accessdate=October 26, 2022}}</ref>

==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule

|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 17
| w/l = t
| opponent = [[1966 East Carolina Pirates football team|East Carolina]]
| site_stadium = [[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]
| score = 7–7
| attend = 10,000
| source = <ref name="1966ECU1">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72491000/penalties-plague-wm-77-tie-pleases/|work=Daily Press|title=Penalties plague W&M, 7–7 tie pleases nobody|date=September 18, 1966|accessdate=March 2, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 24
| w/l = l
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 West Virginia Mountaineers football team|West Virginia]]
| site_stadium = [[Mountaineer Field (1924)|Mountaineer Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown, WV]]
| score = 13–24
| attend = 30,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112076897/forn-runs-down-indians-as-mountaineers-w/|work=Pensacola News Journal|title=Forn runs down Indians as Mountaineers win, 24–13|date=September 25, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 1
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]
| site_stadium = George Washington H.S. Stadium
| site_cityst = [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria, VA]]
| score = 10–3
| attend = 4,000
| source = <ref name="GW1">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69607093/passing-by-dan-darragh-triggers-victory/|work=Daily Press|title=Passing by Dan Darragh triggers victory surge|date=October 2, 1966|accessdate=February 7, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 8
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1966 Villanova Wildcats football team|Villanova]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| score = 34–14
| attend = 8,500–9,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077112/darraghs-passes-beat-villanova/|work=Democrat and Chronicle|title=Darragh's passes beat Villanova|date=October 9, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 15
| w/l = w
| opponent = [[1966 The Citadel Bulldogs football team|The Citadel]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| score = 24–6
| attend = 11,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077264/william-mary-topples-citadel/|work=The Columbus Ledger|title=William & Mary topples Citadel|date=October 16, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 22
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]]
| site_stadium = [[Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]]
| score = 0–21
| attend = 23,909
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077529/cartwright-passes-middies-to-victory/|work=The South Bend Tribune|title=Cartwright passes Middies to victory|date=October 23, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 29
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]]
| site_stadium = [[Alumni Memorial Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]]
| gamename = [[VMI–William & Mary football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 22–15
| attend = 7,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93836733/wm-rides-maddens-arm-to-2215-win-over/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=W&M rides Madden's arm to 22–15 win over VMI|date=October 30, 1966|accessdate=January 30, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 5
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]
| site_stadium = [[Alumni Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts|Chestnut Hill, MA]]
| score = 13–15
| attend = 15,800
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077720/boston-college-cops-1513-nod-over-wm/|work=Durham Sunday Herald|title=Boston College cops 15–13 nod over W&M|date=November 6, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 12
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1966 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team|Virginia Tech]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| score = 18–20
| attend = 13,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077847/vpi-slips-past-william-mary/|work=Florence Morning News|title=VPI slips past William & Mary|date=November 13, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 19
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1966 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]]
| site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]]
| gamename = [[Capital Cup|rivalry]]
| score = 35–19
| attend = 5,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112077994/wm-stops-spiders-3519-wins-share-of-s/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=W&M stops Spiders 35–19; Wins share of SC crown|date=November 20, 1966|accessdate=October 26, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{William & Mary Tribe football navbox}}
{{Southern Conference football champions}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1966 William and Mary Indians football team}}
[[Category:1966 Southern Conference football season|William and Mary]]
[[Category:William & Mary Tribe football seasons]]
[[Category:Southern Conference football champion seasons]]
[[Category:1966 in sports in Virginia|William]]

{{collegefootball-1966-season-stub}}

Sainik School, Lucknow

2025-12-04T15:08:08Z

DesireeTietjen: rd

#REDIRECT [[Sainik Schools]]

Kathir

2025-11-28T01:12:54Z

DesireeTietjen: updated page

{{Short description|Indian film director and screenwriter}}
{{About||the actor|Kathir (actor)|the film|Kathir (film)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kathir
| image = Kathir.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Tirunelveli]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| yearsactive = 1991 – present
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director| producer|screenwriter}}
| spouse = Shanthinidevi
}}
'''Kathir''' is an [[Indian film]] director, producer, and screenwriter who works predominantly in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref name="oocities.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.oocities.org/hollywood/lot/2330/gcnnov99.html|title=Gokul's Tamil Cinema News}}</ref><ref name="dinakaran.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/interviews/06-03-99/kathir.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000531144715/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/interviews/06-03-99/kathir.htm|title=dinakaran|archive-date=31 May 2000}}</ref><ref name="kathir.net">{{cite web|url=http://kathir.net/bio.html|title=Kathir's Biography|access-date=28 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529051328/http://kathir.net/bio.html|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Kathir was born in kalkarai, a small village in the Radhapuram Taluk of Tirunelveli District, state of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Kathir grew up in a middle-class family as the only son along with his three sisters. His father Subhash was a farmer and mother Isakiammal assisted him in his farming. Kathir had his elementary schooling in kalkarai elementary school. He finished his 5th standard there and joined St. Teresa's school in Vadakangulam. He completed his school studies here. Kathir got into the College of Fine arts and Crafts, Chennai.<ref name=kalki /> He did a five-year course in Fine arts and graduated with a Diploma in Fine Arts.<ref name="dinakaran.com"/><ref name="kathir.net"/>

==Career==
Kathir started out as a poster designer in the film industry, and designed posters for films including ''[[Moondram Pirai]]'' (1981), ''[[Andha 7 Naatkal]]'' (1981), ''[[Darling, Darling, Darling]]'' (1982) and [[Mani Ratnam]]'s ''[[Pagal Nilavu]]'' (1985) to make pocket money while he was in college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ia.rediff.com/movies/1998/may/09kat.htm|title = Rediff on the Net, Movies: Love on the Net}}</ref><ref name=kalki>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]|language=ta|url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-01-11/page/n79/mode/2up|pages=78–80|date=11 January 1998|access-date=25 May 2023|title=டைரக்டர் கதிருக்கு காதலிக்க நேரமில்லை!}}</ref>

He worked as an assistant director for Pandiarajan and GM Kumar. In 1996, ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' emerged as the biggest hit of his career grossing {{INR}}10 crore at the box office. Kathir scripted and was ready to make a film titled ''I Love You'' by 1997. After being unable to produce the film himself, he shelved the venture. In 2001, he founded his own production studio Sound Light Studio through which he produced ''[[Kadhal Virus]]''. He also distributed the film all over Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.ws/gokima/gcnjul.html|title=GOKUL'S HOME PAGE}}</ref> He moved on to briefly begin pre-production work on a project titled ''Bangalore'' in late 1999, before opting not to continue.<ref name="oocities.org"/>

Kathir announced a comeback in 2008 and began work on a film titled ''Manavar Dhinam'' with [[Vinay Rai|Vinay]] in the lead role. Following a delay, the actor was replaced by [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] and a launch was held in 2009 by the production house [[Ayngaran International]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/41961.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001165815/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/41961.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2008|title=Vinay in Maanavar Dhinam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ayngaran.com/moviedetails.php?movid=146|title=Ayngaran International}}</ref> However, the film was later shelved and the pair decided to collaborate for the new venture titled ''Kodai Vidumurai''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/19293/kollywood/Kathir-back-in-the-hunt-News-Details|title=Kathir back in the hunt|access-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615101411/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/19293/kollywood/Kathir-back-in-the-hunt-News-Details|archive-date=15 June 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref> The film underwent a change in cast and work on the film, featuring [[Shaam (actor)|Shaam]], began again in July 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shot Cuts|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/metroplus/article3657621.ece|work=The Hindu|date=19 July 2012|access-date=19 July 2012|last1=Manigandan|first1=K. R.}}</ref> The film has since failed to make progress.

==Personal life==
He is married to Shanthinidevi in 2013.<ref name="indiatimes.com">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Director-Kathir-weds/articleshow/22248857.cms|title=Director Kathir weds|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
*''Note: all films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:35px;"| Year
! rowspan="2" style="width:150px;"| Film
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; width:250px;" class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Idhayam (film)|Idhayam]]'' ||
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Uzhavan]]'' ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Kadhal Desam]]'' ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]'' || partially reshot in Hindi as ''Dil Hi Dil Mein''
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Kadhal Virus]]'' ||Also producer
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Nan Love Track]]'' || [[Kannada]] film
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0997190|Kathir}}

{{Kathir}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil-language film directors]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film producers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Kannada screenwriters]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

2025-11-21T05:10:35Z

DesireeTietjen: improve layout also and corrected details

{{short description|Highway initiative in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox project
| abbreviation = PMGSY
| logo =File:Logo of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana.svg
| image =
| caption =
| mission_statement =
| type =
| key_people =
| launched = {{Start date and age|2000|12|25|df=y}}
| funding =
| current_status = Active
| website = {{URL|http://pmgsy.nic.in}}
|native_name=Prime Minister's Village Road Scheme|logo_size=200px}}
{{Atal Bihari Vajpayee series}}
The '''Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana''' ('''PMGSY''') ({{Translation|Prime Minister's Village Road Scheme}}) is a nationwide plan in India to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages.<ref>{{cite web |title=PMGSY Scheme Operations Manual Chapter 1 |url=http://pmgsy.nic.in/op1.htm |work=Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215131936/http://pmgsy.nic.in/op1.htm |archive-date=15 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Of 178,000 (1.7 lakh) habitations with a population of above 500 in the plains and above 250 in the hilly areas planned to be connected by all-weather roads, 82% were already connected by December 2017 and work was on track for completion by March 2019 (c. December 2017) on the remaining 47,000 habitations .<ref name=gramdev1/>

This [[Centrally Sponsored Scheme]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the committee on restructuring of Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/reports/genrep/index.php?repts=report_css.htm |work=[[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]], [[Government of India]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402034415/http://planningcommission.gov.in/reports/genrep/index.php?repts=report_css.htm |archive-date=2 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> was introduced in 2000 by the then-prime minister of India [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A leader of substance: Along with Narasimha Rao, Atal Bihari Vajpayee laid the foundation of new India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/opinion/edit-page/A-leader-of-substance-Along-with-Narasimha-Rao-Atal-Bihari-Vajpayee-laid-the-foundation-of-new-India/articleshow/17747366.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229235107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-25/edit-page/35992135_1_reforms-national-interest-atal-bihari-vajpayee|url-status=live|archive-date=29 December 2012|work=The Times of India|author=Arvind Panagariya |date=25 December 2012 }}</ref> The Assam Tribune has reported that the scheme has started to change the lifestyle of many villagers as it has resulted in new roads and upgrade of certain inter-village routes in Manipur.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=PMGSY roads changing lifestyle in Manipur|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct2910/oth05|work=The Assam Tribune|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215131159/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=oct2910%2Foth05|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The PMGSY is under the authority of the [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Ministry of Rural Development]] and was begun on 25 December 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pmgsy.nic.in/pmg31.asp#1 |title=PMGSY Schemes & Guidelines |website=pmgsy.nic.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221150318/http://pmgsy.nic.in/pmg31.asp#1 |archive-date=21 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is fully funded by the central government. During November 2015, following the recommendations of the [[Fourteenth Finance Commission|14th Finance Commission]], the Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored Schemes, it was announced that the project will be funded by both the central government (60%) and states (40%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=131846|title=Government brings forward the target date for full completion of rural road connectivity under PMGSY by 3 years.|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>

==Aim==
The aim was to provide roads to all villages:<ref>{{cite web |title=PMGSY Scheme and Guidelines: Programme Objectives |url=https://pmgsy.nic.in/pmg31.asp#2 |work=Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, No. P-12025/8/2001-RC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221150318/https://pmgsy.nic.in/pmg31.asp#2 |archive-date=21 December 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
# with a population of 1000 persons and above by 2003
# with a population of 500 persons and above by 2007
# in hill states, tribal and desert area villages with a population of 500 persons and above by 2003
# in hill states, tribal and desert area villages with a population of 250 persons and above by 2007.

==OMMAS==
In order to implement this, an ''Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System'' or OMMAS [[Geographic information system|GIS]] system was developed to identify targets and monitor progress<ref>{{cite web |title=Rural Informatics in India – An Approach Paper |url=http://ruralinformatics.nic.in/files/4_9_0_273.doc |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416170211/http://ruralinformatics.nic.in/files/4_9_0_273.doc |archive-date=16 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is developed by e-governance department of C-DAC pune and is one of the biggest databases in India. The system manages and monitors all the phases of road development right from its proposal mode to road completion. The OMMAS also has separate module to track the expenses made on each road. Based on the data entered by state and district officers, OMMS generates detailed reports which are viewable in citizens section (http://omms.nic.in). OMMAS incorporates advanced features like E-payment, Password protected PDF files, Interactive Reports etc.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jina |first1=Afra |title=UP Agriculture – Need for Transparent Agricultural Scheme |url=https://sarkariduniya.com/en/up-agriculture/ |access-date=8 November 2018 |work=Get news on PM's schemes, central and state government schemes, central ministries and government departments |date=3 November 2018}}</ref>

==Progress==
Of 178,000 (1.7 lakh) habitations with a population of above 500 in the plains and above 250 in the hilly areas planned to be connected by all-weather roads, 55% (97,838) were connected by March 2014, 82% (80% or 131,000 or 1.3 lakh under the PMGSY and 2% or 14,620 under state govt schemes) were connected by December 2017. Of the remaining 47,000, work on all is in progress except for 1700 which will be approved by the end of December 2017 and 100% connectivity will be achieved by March 2019 (16 December 2017 update).<ref name=gramdev1>[//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/62093821.cms 'Over 80% habitations connected with roads under PMGSY'], [[The Economic Times|Economic Times]], 16 December 2017.</ref> Pending work included harsh terrain states of Assam, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand as well as left-wing [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxalite–Maoist extremism]] affected state of Chhattisgarh, some districts of Jharkhand and [[Malkangiri district]] of Odisha.<ref name=gramdev1/>

The average speed of road construction under the PMGSY was 98.5 [[kilometre]]s per day from 2004 to 2014, it rose to 130 km per day in by 2014–17.<ref name=gramdev1/>

Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs has given its approval for continuation of PM Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) – I and PMGSY –II up to September 2022.

Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas has also been extended up to March 2023.

== Impact ==
[[File:Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Feb 2008 shot in Jalandhar Punjab India by gopal1035.jpg|thumb|Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak [[Yojana]] marker in a village in Punjab]]
Scheme has started to change the lifestyle of many villagers with new roads and upgrades, such as in Manipur.<ref name="auto"/> In a research paper, by [https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180268 Asher and Novosad (2020)] the effects of the road construction program are described as follows: "Four years after road construction, the main effect of new feeder roads is to facilitate the movement of workers out of agriculture. However, there are no major changes in agricultural outcomes, income, or assets. Employment in village firms expands only slightly. Even with better market connections, remote areas may continue to lack economic opportunities."

==Complementary state schemes==
Mukhya Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana run by various state governments are the schemes that complement PMGSY, including in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{citation|title=Maharashtra government plans launch of Mukhya Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/maharashtra-government-plans-launch-of-mukhya-mantri-gram-sadak-yojana/articleshow/49376306.cms|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

==Green cover==
The program has been attempting to increase the green cover near the roads. This is through the planting of trees saplings, including the planting of fruit bearing tree saplings. Varied levels of success has emerged from these attempts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) - Briefing for 3rd CRM on 15th January 2018 |url=https://rural.nic.in/sites/default/files/PMGSY_PPT_CRM_Orientation.pdf |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=rural.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Anita |date=23 May 2006 |title=Avenue Plantation on Rural Roads |url=http://www.pmgsy.nic.in/circulars/annx_200606.doc |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=pmgsy.nic.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416172207/http://www.pmgsy.nic.in/circulars/annx_200606.doc |archive-date=16 April 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2014 |title=Road side plantation on PMGSY roads – Advisory |url=http://www.hprural.nic.in/cir309.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230848/http://www.hprural.nic.in/cir309.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |website=hprural.nic.in}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana]]
* [[Atal Pension Yojana]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana]]
* [[Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://pmgsy.nic.in/}}

{{Government Schemes in India}}

[[Category:Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]
[[Category:Transportation planning]]
[[Category:Rural community development]]
[[Category:Economic history of India (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Vajpayee administration initiatives]]
[[Category:2000 in India]]
[[Category:Rural development in India]]
[[Category:Roads in India]]
[[Category:Government schemes in India]]

Darpan Inani

2025-10-25T20:42:22Z

DesireeTietjen: fixed issues

{{Short description|Indian chess player (born 1994)}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Darpan Inani
| image = Darpan Inani.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|2|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vadodara, Gujarat]], India
|country = India
|title = A qualified Chartered Accountant, Para Asian Double Gold Medalist in Chess (2023), Bronze Medalist - World Junior Blind chess Championship (2013).
|worldchampion =
|womensworldchampion =
|FideID = 5065992
|peakrating = 2135 (January 2020)
}}

'''Darpan Inani''' is a prolific blind Indian chess player and a Chartered Accountant from [[Vadodara]]. He won 2 gold medals - individual as well as team gold medal - at Para Asian Games held in China in October, 2023. He had a career peak FIDE elo rating of 2135, the highest ever elo rating to have been attained by any visually impaired player from India as of January, 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ratings.fide.com/card.phtml?event=5065992 | title=FIDE Chess Profile: Darpan Inani | publisher=FIDE | accessdate=25 November 2013 | author=FIDE}}</ref> He won a bronze medal on his respective board in the 16th World Chess Olympiad for visually impaired held in Greece in 2021. He was also a bronze medalist at the 2013 World Junior Championship in Belgrade. He is the youngest player to have ever won the National blind chess championships. He is the only Indian visually impaired chess player to have ever won international first prize at the Creon Open chess tournament in France in August 2018. This was a historic moment for Indian chess when a visually impaired player won first prize in international open sighted tournament in his rating category. He is honoured with the Yuva Ratna award by All India Marwari Yuva Manch in April 2018 in Siliguri, West Bengal. He is the recipient of the Navratna Award - 2018 awarded by Yuma Television. He has featured in a commercial for HDFC Life.

==Personal life==
Inani's parents are Satish Inani (father) and Vimla Inani (mother). As a three-year-old, he was affected by the [[Stevens–Johnson syndrome]] and lost his eyesight completely. He is a Chartered Accountant by qualification and Para Asian Double Gold Medalist in Chess.

==Academics==
Inani is a qualified Chartered Accountant (CA). He completed his entire schooling from a normal school, Baroda High school, Alkapuri, Vadodara gujarat. He was the only blind student there. He Competing with the normal children, he seldom scored less than 90% and consistently scored a rank in top 3. He opted for commerce stream in his 11th std. and scored 99.75 percentage in 12th std. He completed his B.COM from Maharaja Sayajirav University, Vadodara. In 2015, he also appeared for CAT, an entrance exam for the most prestigious management institute in India - IIM, to pursue MBA. In his first attempt at CAT, he received calls from all the IIMs of the country barring IIM Ahmedabad. But finally, he rejected the admission offer from IIM Lucknow to pursue his CA and chess career.

== Career==
Inani won his first open district tournament (under 14) at [[Baroda]] in the year 2007. He beat sighted opponents to win the title.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-inward-eye/1012963/ | title=The inward eye | date=7 October 2012 | newspaper=Indian Express | accessdate=25 November 2013 | author=Kumar Anand, Johnson TA | location=New Delhi}}</ref> He was the youngest to win the National blind chess championships in [[Mumbai]] in July 2010.

He was the youngest player to represent India at the World Blind Chess Championship in [[Serbia]] in 2010. He then represented India in the World junior chess championship for the visually challenged held at [[Rhodes]] in Greece in 2011.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/gongolli-inani-and-saikrishna-for-junior-chess/article2212582.ece | title=Gongolli, Inani and Saikrishna for junior chess | date=9 July 2011 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=26 November 2013 | author=Special Correspondent | location=Mumbai}}</ref>

He won the bronze medal in the World Individual Junior chess Championship for the blind and visually impaired held at Serbia in September 2013. He scored 6/9 along with Damjan Jandric of Serbia. He overcame Damjan in the tie-break to take the third position.<ref name="serbia2013">{{cite news | url=http://www.mid-day.com/sports/2013/sep/010913-sports-darpan-inani-wins-bronze-at-world-junior-blind-chess.htm | title=Darpan Inani wins bronze at world junior blind chess | date=1 September 2013 | agency=Mid Day | accessdate=26 November 2013 | author=Mohite, Manisha | location=Mumbai}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/othersports/inspired-by-anand-darpan-wins-historic-chess-bronze/article1-1116139.aspx |title=Inspired by Anand, Darpan wins historic chess bronze |date=2 September 2013 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |accessdate=26 November 2013 |author=Phatarpekar, Kushal |location=Mumbai |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203174301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/sports-news/othersports/inspired-by-anand-darpan-wins-historic-chess-bronze/article1-1116139.aspx |archivedate=3 December 2013 }}</ref>

He is the only Indian visually impaired chess player to have ever won an international prize at the Creon open chess tournament (open sighted tournament) in his rating category (ELO 1800–1999) in France, in August 2018.

He won an Individual Bronze medal on the 3rd board at the 16th IBCA World Chess Olympiad for visually impaired held in Rhodes, Greece in October 2021.

==HDFC commercial==

He was featured in an HDFC Life commercial entitled "Bounce Back". His life journey was the main theme of the advertisement, which illuminated how he overcame the manifold hurdles that came his way. This advertisement was appreciated and recognized by public at large.

==Special appearance==

He was invited for a special interview on the occasion of 70th Republic day on the exclusive telecast of 'Proud to be Indian' of Republic News Channel, which is one of India's leading news channels headed by Arnab Goswami.

==Film==
Inani has featured in the award-winning<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-india-s-algorithms-wins-best-film-trophy-at-film-south-asia-festival-1899990 | title=India's Algorithms wins best film trophy at Film South Asia festival | date=7 October 2013 | agency=IANS | accessdate=26 November 2013 | location=Kathmandu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/news/ni56430064/ | title=Algorithms wins award at Jean Rouch International Film Festival, Paris | publisher=IMDB | accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref> Chess [[documentary film]] Algorithms directed by Ian McDonald.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.algorithmsthedocumentary.com/the-chess-players/ | title=Algorithms - The documentary film | publisher=Akampuram | accessdate=26 November 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125015111/http://www.algorithmsthedocumentary.com/the-chess-players/ | archive-date=25 November 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Algorithms is a documentary on little known sporting field of Blind Chess in India. The film features three upcoming blind players who reveal their daily struggles, anxieties and hopes.

==Awards==
Inani is honoured with the Yuva Ratna award by All India Marwari Yuva Manch in April 2018 in Siliguri, West Bengal. He is the recipient of the Navratna Award - 2018 awarded by Yuma Television.

==Public Speaking==
Inani is an eloquent orator. His style of expression is very free spirited and unconventional. He has delivered talks on many reputable platforms and events like TEDxYouth at LMGC lucknow and FICCI Ludhiana.

==Contributions==
Inani has contributed towards the initiative of "INCLUSIVE EDUCATION" to encourage awareness and sensitization of inclusive education in the society. He believes that inclusive education not only helps in academic excellence but also leads to the development of the society holistically by promising full social inclusion.

He is also associated with Project checkmate, an initiative to spread blind chess in India. He has assisted this project with his inputs and advice and has also mentored its students.

==See also==
* [[All India Chess Federation for the Blind]]
* [[Chess in India]]
* [[International Braille Chess Association]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{chessgames player|id=117289}}
* {{Fide}}
* [http://www.365chess.com/players/Inani_Darpan Darpan Inani at 365Chess.com]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inani, Darpan}}
[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Vadodara]]
[[Category:Indian blind people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

Kundaram Formation

2025-10-19T02:24:59Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up a post.

{{Short description|Geological formation in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin, India}}
{{Infobox rockunit|name=Kundaram Formation|thickness_ts=|map={{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg =19.071556
| lon_deg = 79.491173
| mark = Red pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}|area=|location=|paleocoordinates=|coordinates={{coord|19.071556|N|79.491173|E|display=inline,title}}|region=[[Telangana]]|country=India|extent=[[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]|namedfor=|namedby=|year_ts=|prilithology=[[Mudstone]], [[Sandstone]]|age=[[Lopingian]] ~{{fossil range|259|252}}|otherlithology=[[Shale]]|unitof=|subunits=Lower and Upper Units|underlies=[[Kamthi Formation]]|overlies=[[Barakar Formation]]|thickness=250–400 m|image=|imagesize=|caption=|type=[[Geological formation]]|period=Lopingian|map_caption=}}

The '''Kundaram Formation''' is a geological formation in India, located within the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]. The unit is between 250–400 metres thick and at its base consists of sandstone-mudstone alterations, followed by a sequence dominated by red mudstone with infrequent sandstone [[Lens (geology)|lens beds]], with minor ferruginous shale within the sandstones. It was deposited in fluvial conditions. It is considered to be Late [[Permian]] in age. An abundant terrestrial fauna is known from nodules found near the village of [[Golleti]] in the [[Adilabad]] district of [[Telangana]], the only such fauna known from the Permian of India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ray|first1=Sanghamitra|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Saswati|date=March 2003|title=Late Permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, India|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1367912002000500|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=21|issue=6|pages=643–654|doi=10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00050-0|bibcode=2003JAESc..21..643R |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The fauna found includes the [[dicynodont]]s ''[[Endothiodon]], [[Dicynodontoides]], [[Pristerodon]]'' and ''[[Sauroscaptor]],<ref name=":0" />'' as well the small [[Captorhinidae|captorhinid]] ''[[Indosauriscus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reisz |first1=Robert R. |last2=Chatterjee |first2=Sankar |last3=Modesto |first3=Sean P. |date=2024-11-14 |title=A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the upper Permian of India |url=https://peerj.com/articles/18394/ |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=12 |article-number=e18394 |doi=10.7717/peerj.18394 |doi-access=free |issn=2167-8359|pmc=11569782 }}</ref> and an indeterminate medium-sized [[Gorgonopsia|gorgonopsid]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kammerer|first1=Christian F.|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Saswati|last3=Ray|first3=Sanghamitra|date=November 2016|editor-last=Angielczyk|editor-first=Kenneth|title=A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1055|journal=Papers in Palaeontology|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=569–584|doi=10.1002/spp2.1055|bibcode=2016PPal....2..569K |s2cid=88833541 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Paleobiota ==
=== Synapsids ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Endothiodon]]''
| ''E. mahalanobisi''
| rowspan="2" | [[Telangana]]
| rowspan="2" | Numerous almost complete specimens
| rowspan="2" | A [[dicynodont]].
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''E. bathystoma''
|-
| ''[[Dicynodontoides]]''
| sp.
| [[Telangana]]
| ISI R 217
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ''[[Sauroscaptor]]''
| ''S. tharavati''
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ''[[Pristerodon]]''
| ''P. mackayi''
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ?''[[Oudenodon]]''
| sp.
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]]
|
|-
| [[Gorgonopsidae|Gorgonopsia]]
| Indeterminate
| [[Telangana]]
|
|A [[gorgonopsid]].
|
|-
|}

=== Reptiles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Indosauriscus]]''
| ''I. kuttyi''
| [[Telangana]]
| Nearly complete Skulls from Several individuals.
| A [[Captorhinidae|captorhinid]] reptile.
| [[File:Indosauriscus Kuttyi holotype (ISIR 233) skull.jpg|thumb|200px]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lopingian geology]]
[[Category:Geology of India]]
[[Category:Permian India]]

Choleeswaram temple

2025-10-13T15:02:28Z

DesireeTietjen: reworked references also and added references

{{Short description|10th century temple}}
{{Unreferenced|date=February 2012}}
{{Expand Tamil|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Choleeswaram temple''' is a 10th-century [[Chola Dynasty]] [[Solesvara]] temple built in honour of emperor [[Raja Raja Chola I]] in [[Peraru]], [[Kantalai]], [[Trincomalee District]].

Inscriptions found at the ruins of this temple relate to its establishment and connection to [[Trincomalee]]'s ancient [[Koneswaram temple]]. It is made in [[Dravidian architecture]] of the Chola period.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Sri Lanka}}

{{coord|8|25|N|81|04|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:10th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Trincomalee District]]

{{SriLanka-struct-stub}}

Karachhana Assembly constituency

2025-10-12T22:09:43Z

DesireeTietjen: Put up post

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karachhana
| map_image = 260-Karachhana.svg
| mla = [[Piyush Ranjan Nishad]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 335,550 (2019)
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 260
}}

'''Karachhana''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Karachhana in the [[Prayagraj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Karachhana is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 260 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|Nand Lal Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<ref name="election1996">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3259-uttar-pradesh-1996/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 1996 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=18 March 2024}}</ref>
|rowspan=2|[[Rewati Raman Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<ref name="election2002">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3260-uttar-pradesh-2002/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2004★
|[[Ujjwal Raman Singh]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|Anand Kumar<ref name="election2007">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3261-uttar-pradesh-2007/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Deepak Patel<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Ujjwal Raman Singh]]<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Piyush Ranjan Nishad]]<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}
★By Election

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Piyush Ranjan Nishad won in [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Ujjwal Raman Singh]] by a margin of 9,584 votes and [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Arvind Kumar Shukla stood third place by getting 21,930 votes.

{{Election box begin|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Karachhan<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Piyush Ranjan Nishad
|votes = {{formatnum:89527}}
|percentage = 44.06
|change = +10.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ujjwal Raman Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:80199}}
|percentage = 39.47
|change = -1.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arvind Kumar Shukla
|votes = {{formatnum:21950}}
|percentage = 10.8
|change = -9.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rinki Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:4343}}
|percentage = 2.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1891}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change = -0.24
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9328}}
|percentage = 4.59
|change = -2.97
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:203189}}
|percentage = 58.06
|change = -1.86
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Ujjwal Raman Singh]] won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate Piyush Ranjan Nishad by a margin of 15,024 votes.<ref name="election2017-1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/karachhana.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Karachhan<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ujjwal Raman Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:80806}}
|percentage = 40.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Piyush Ranjan Nishad Sonu
|votes = {{formatnum:65782}}
|percentage = 33.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Deepak Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:40998}}
|percentage = 20.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2308}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15024}}
|percentage = 7.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:198734}}
|percentage = 59.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.27|81.95|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj district]]

Jamsher

2025-09-30T02:21:16Z

DesireeTietjen: slightly update formatting to improve readability and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jamsher Khas
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31|14|07|N|75|37|02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jalandhar east, India|Jalandhar east]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric

| elevation_m = 240
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 8437<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=32541|title=Jamsher Population per Census India|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 4372/4065 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone
| area_code = 144020
| registration_plate =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-PB]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Post office
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|jalandhar.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Jamsher''' Khas is a village in [[Jalandhar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|43|km}} from Shahkot, {{convert|25|km}} from [[Nakodar]], {{convert|13|km}} from district headquarter [[Jalandhar]] and {{convert|146|km}} from state capital [[Chandigarh]]. The village is administrated by a [[sarpanch]] who is an [[elected representative]] of village as per [[Panchayati raj (India)]].

== Transport ==
Jamsher Khas is well connected by various roads to the surrounding village, towns. [[Major District Road 82 (Punjab)|Major District Road 82]] (MDR 82) of [[Punjab]] is the main highway passing through the village that connects [[Jalandhar]] to [[Talwan, India|Talwan]] via Jamsher Khas, [[Jandiala]] and [[Nurmahal]]. The major North-South Grand Trunk Road is only 8 km away from village of Jamsher.

=== Bus and Taxi ===
A lot of mini, private and state transport buses are available from ISBT Jalandhar to Jamsher khas on [[Jandiala]]-[[Nurmahal]]-[[Talwan, India|Talwan]] Route. Other Interstate and State buses can be caught from Jalandhar interstate bus terminal. For a personal service, a minivan taxi or three wheeler service can be hired from the [[Jalandhar]] city.

=== Rail ===
Jamsher Khas train station lies on [[Jalandhar]]-[[Nakodar]] Stretch of [[Northern Railway zone]]. For further connections to longer distance services including to the union capital, [[Delhi]], one can travel either to [[Jalandhar Cantonment|Jalandhar Cantt.]] or [[Jalandhar]] Railway Station.

=== Air ===

The village is {{convert|71|km}} away from [[domestic airport]] in [[Ludhiana]] and the nearest [[international airport]] Shaheed Bhagat Singh International Airport, Chandigarh is located at 151 kilometers (93.8 miles) away, also [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is the second nearest airport which is {{convert|109|km}} away in [[Amritsar]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalandhar district}}


[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]

S. Ambethkumar

2025-09-28T14:34:21Z

DesireeTietjen:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = S. Ambethkumar
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 20 May 2016
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Vandavasi Assembly constituency|Vandavasi]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| predecessor = [[V. Gunaseelan]]
| successor =
}}

'''S. Ambethkumar''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Vandavasi Assembly constituency|Vandavasi]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055611/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC069.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC069.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=vandavasi Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a069|access-date= 30 Apr 2022}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Vandavasi Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Vandavasi Assembly constituency|2021}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Vandavasi Assembly constituency|2016}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambethkumar, S}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{DMK-politician-stub}}
{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Ovi (poetry)

2025-08-17T23:04:38Z

DesireeTietjen: cleanup

{{Redirect|Ovee|the former railway in Liverpool|Liverpool Overhead Railway}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}

'''Ovee''' ({{IAST|ovee}}, literally "strung together"<ref name="Novetzke2013"/>), also spelled '''{{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|owi}}''' or '''{{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|owee}}''', is a [[poetic metre]] used in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] poems for "rhythmic prose", generally used in narrative poems.<ref name="Mukherjee1998">{{cite book|author=Sujit Mukherjee|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|date= 1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1453-9|page=270}}</ref> A poem using this metre is also called an ovee. Ovee is among the "oldest Marathi song genres still performed today".<ref name="Schultz2013">{{cite book|author=Anna Schultz|title=Singing a Hindu Nation: Marathi Devotional Performance and Nationalism|date=2013|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-973083-4|page=152}}</ref> It has been in use since the 13th century in written poetry; however, [[oral tradition]]s of women's ovee pre-date the literary ovee. While literary ovee is used by the [[Varkari]] saints in [[bhakti]] (devotional) literature, women's ovee is passed via the oral tradition through generations of women, who sing them while working or for pleasure.

==Forms and origins==
[[File:Jnandev.jpg|thumb|Dnyaneshwaar was the first to use ovee in literature.]]

Two forms of ovee are popular today: the {{Transliteration|mr|granthik}} (literary) ovee and the women's ovee. The literary ovee is sung without {{Transliteration|mr|[[Tala (music)|tala]]}} (rhythm) by a {{Transliteration|mr|kirtankar}} in a {{Transliteration|mr|[[kirtan]]}}, a devotional call-and-response chanting form. This is generally used for {{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|ovees}} of saints like [[Dnyaneshwar]], [[Eknath]] and [[Namdev]]. The women's ovee is sung with {{Transliteration|mr|tala}}, when the women gather for work or pleasure.<ref name="Schultz2013"/><ref name="Novetzke2013"/>

The ovee metre originated in literature with the [[Varkari]] saint, Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296).<ref name="GaneshThakkar2005"/> Both his magnum opuses ''[[Dnyaneshwari]]'' and ''[[Amrutanubhav]]'' are composed in ovee meter.<ref name="Schultz2013"/> It is one of the two popular poetry metres used by Varkari saints, the other being {{Transliteration|mr|[[abhanga]]}} – attributed to the saint, [[Tukaram]] (1577–1650).<ref name="GaneshThakkar2005">{{cite book|editor1=Kamala Ganesh|editor2=Usha Thakkar|title=Culture and the Making of Identity in Contemporary India|date= 2005|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3381-6|page=92|author=Vidyut Bhagwat|chapter=Heritage of Bhakti: Sant Women's Writings in Marathi}}</ref> While ovee is used for narrative poems, {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} meter is used for lyrical poems and devotional poems.<ref name="McConnell1989">{{cite book|author=Grant D. McConnell|title=Constitutional languages|date=1 January 1989|publisher=[[Presses Université Laval]]|isbn=978-2-7637-7186-1|page=352}}</ref>

The ovee metre is believed to be existed in folk song tradition even before Dnyaneshwar, which the saint adopted for his literary works.<ref name="Schelling2014"/> Though the ovee tradition pre-dates the Varkari bhakti tradition, there is little record of contents of early {{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|ovees}}. Women's {{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|ovees}} have been passed from generation to generation only through oral means.<ref name="Feldhaus1996">{{cite book|author=Anne Feldhaus|title=Images of Women in Maharashtrian Literature and Religion|year=1996|publisher=[[SUNY Press]]|isbn=978-0-7914-2837-5|page=220}}</ref>

==Women's ovee==
ovee is thought to be in the rhythm of songs sung by women on the [[grinding stone]] ({{Transliteration|mr|jata}}).<ref name="GaneshThakkar2005"/> The ovee is sung while women use the mortar and pestle or the {{Transliteration|mr|rahat}} (a manual [[water wheel]]) to pull water from the well. The women's {{Transliteration|mr|italic=no|ovees}} are "protest songs more than work songs" — complaints about the hard work, unhappy marriages and "despotic husbands".<ref name="Schelling2014"/> They contain sarcasm of the patriarchal society. They also contain elements of [[bhakti]] (devotion), where the singer implores God to save her from these bondages.<ref name="Schelling2014">{{cite book|author=Andrew Schelling|title=Love and The Turning Seasons: India's Poetry of Spiritual & Erotic Longing|date=2014|publisher=Counterpoint LLC|isbn=978-1-61902-241-6|pages=126–7}}</ref>

==Literary ovee==
An ovee poem has couplets (called {{Transliteration|mr|kadva}} or ''ovee'' itself). Each couplet is generally divided into four {{Transliteration|mr|charan}} (parts/lines). The first three {{Transliteration|mr|charans}} are rhymed and have same number of ''matras'' (instants) composed of six or eight letters (vary from eight to ten syllables), while the fourth is "open" (unrhymed with the rest), shorter with fewer {{Transliteration|mr|matras}} and generally has four letters (vary from four to six syllables). For example, the ''Dnyaneshwari'' has eight {{Transliteration|mr|matras}} in the first three {{Transliteration|mr|charans}} and four to six in the last {{Transliteration|mr|charan}}. It is thus called a couplet of three and a half {{Transliteration|mr|charans}}. In contrast, an {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} has four {{Transliteration|mr|charans}} with eight letters each.<ref name="Sharma2000">{{cite book|author=Arvind Sharma|title=Women Saints in World Religions|date=2000|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-4619-5|page=177}}</ref><ref name="Schultz2013"/><ref name="Wakankar2010">{{cite book|author=Milind Wakankar|title=Subalternity and Religion: The Prehistory of Dalit Empowerment in South Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymCLAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|date=25 February 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-16655-7|page=189}}</ref>

Example of an ovee from ''Dnyaneshwari'':

<poem>
Devā Tūchi Gaṇeshū |
Sakalārthamatiprakāshū |
Mhaṇe Nivṛtti Dāsū |
Avadhārijojē ||2||

देवा तूंचि गणेशु |
सकलमति प्रकाशु |
म्हणे निवृत्ति दासु |
अवधारिजो जी ||2||
</poem>

The ovee was used by another saint, Eknath (1533–1599), too; however, while Dnyaneshwar's ovee has three and a half parts, Ekanath's ovee has four and a half parts. Dnyaneshwar's ovee is considered one of the foremost compositions in the ovee metre. The {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} metre is said to have originated from Dnyaneshwar's ovee metre.<ref name="Ranade1983">{{cite book|author=R. D. Ranade|title=Mysticism in India: The Poet-Saints of Maharashtra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qURxehvO4tUC&pg=PA36|year=1983|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-1686-1|page=36}}</ref>

The {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} is often considered as a form of the ovee.<ref name="Novetzke2013">{{cite book|author=Christian Lee Novetzke|title=Religion and Public Memory: A Cultural History of Saint Namdev in India|pages=275, 279|date=13 August 2013|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=978-0-231-51256-5}}</ref> [[Dilip Chitre]] considers the {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} tradition is strongly influenced by the women's ovee. S. G. Tulpule says the {{Transliteration|mr|abhanga}} "is nothing but a prolongation of the original ovee, its name signifying continuity of the essential ovee units". [[Janabai]]'s {{Transliteration|mr|abhangas}} borrow themes of women's household chores of grinding and pounding from the women's ovee tradition and asks [[Vithoba]], the patron god of the Varkari tradition, to help her in her chores.<ref name="Feldhaus1996"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Hindu music]]
[[Category:Hindu poetry]]
[[Category:Poetic rhythm]]
[[Category:Warkari]]
[[Category:Marathi-language literature]]
[[Category:Indian poetics]]
[[Category:Stanzaic form]]

Shantinatha temple, Khajuraho

2025-08-11T09:10:49Z

DesireeTietjen:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Shantinatha temple
| native_name = शान्तिनाथ मन्दिर
| native_name_lang = sa
| image = Shantinath Temple Khajuraho.jpg
| caption = renovated Shantinatha Jinalaya
| map_size = 250
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| location = [[Khajuraho]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.844241|79.936022|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| deity = [[Shantinatha]]
| district = [[Chhatarpur district|Chhatarpur]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| established = 11th century CE
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_offname = [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments]]
| designation1_criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(iii)}}(i)(iii)
| designation1_date = 1986 ([[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240 240]
}}
'''Shantinatha temple''' ([[IAST]]: Śāntinātha Mandir) is a [[Digambara]] [[Jain]] [[Jain temple|temple]] located among the [[Jain temples of Khajuraho|Jain temple cluster]] in eastern [[Khajuraho]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. While its main deity is the Jain [[tirthankara]] [[Shantinatha]], it includes 18 shrines with numerous Jain images.

The temple has been classified as a [[Lists of Indian Monuments of National Importance|Monument of National Importance]] by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].{{sfn|ASI MP List|2016}} This temple is part of [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] along with other temples in [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments]], listed for their testimony to the [[Chandela]] dynasty and their outstanding art and architecture.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web|title=Khajuraho Group of Monuments |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/240 |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date = 25 June 2023}}</ref>

== History ==

The temple incorporates two Chandella period shrines, along with fragment of other Chandella period temples. The present structure may have been constructed in 1870 CE, when a [[Gajarath]] festival was organized by Kanchhedtilal Jain of [[Nagaur]] marking a renewal of the site accompanied by installations of new images, as indicated by the inscriptions.<ref>M.N.P. Tiwari, Khajuraho Ka Jain Puratattva, Varanasi, 1987, p. 19</ref>

The pedestal of the 12 foot [[Shantinath]] image in the Shantinatha temple bears an inscription dated [[Vikram Samvat|Samvat]] 1085 (1027-28 CE) mentioning the installation by Chandradeva, the son of Thakur Devadhar.<ref>Kasturchand Jain Suman, Bharatiya Digambar Jain Abhilekh aur Tirth Parichay, Madhya-Pradesh: 13 vi shati tak, Delhi, 2001, p. 43-44</ref> The inscription is now hidden under plaster. The original Shantinatha temple has been incorporated the 19th century structure, and is now the main centre of Jain worship in Khajuraho.{{sfn|ASI Bhopal Shantinatha|2016}}

== Architecture ==

Although the present-day temple structure features modern renovations, the nucleus of the temple is quite old.{{sfn|ASI Bhopal Shantinatha|2016}} It features an oblong enclosure of shrine cells depicting the older sculptures.{{sfn|Ali Javid|Tabassum Javeed|2008|p=209}} The temple has a courtyard. Two sides of the structure incorporate Chandella period structures. The temple and the images installed thus span 10 centuries.

The present structure is a quadrangle, as many Jain temples of the nineteenth century are, with an open courtyard in the middle. The older stone structure and elements are clearly seen embedded in the 19th century masonry structure.

Shrine 1 in the center contains the ancient Shantinath image which is flanked by smaller images of all the 24 tirthankara. The doorway includes the conventional images of goddess Ganga and Yamuna, and there is notable image of the guardian deity [[Kshetrapala]]. The 18 shrines house numerous 11/12th century and 19th/20th century images. Some of the ancient images were brought here from ruined Jain temples in Fatehpur (near Hatta in damoh dist) and Bilahri in Katni district. One of the wings of the quadrangle serves as a gallery displaying historical photographs and prints from early 2oth century.

== Sculptures ==

The sanctum of the temple has a 4.3 m high statue of Shantinatha.{{sfn|Ali Javid|Tabassum Javeed|2008|p=209}} {{sfn|ASI Bhopal Shantinatha|2016}} There are several other old as well as new Jain statues in the temple. One of the sculpture appears to be a carving of [[Mahavira]]'s parents,{{sfn|Ali Javid|Tabassum Javeed|2008|p=209}} which is noted for its artistic execution.{{sfn|ASI Bhopal Shantinatha|2016}}

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Shantinath Jain Temple Eastern Group of Temples Khajuraho India - panoramio (1).jpg| Lord Shantinatha, 1028 AD, shrine 1, with worshippers
Shantinath Jain Temple Khajuraho 04.jpg| Lord Bahubali (modern), shrine 5
Shantinath Jain Temple Khajuraho 05.jpg| Lord Adinath, Chandella period, shrine 6 (Note Navagraha, Sarvanha and Chakreshwari in the platform.)
Parents of Tirthankara.jpg| Parents of Tirthankara or Yaksha/Yakshi, Chandella period, shrine 10
Jain group of temples - Khajuraho 03.jpg| Entrance of shrine 14, Chandella period, 19th century gateway in background
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{commons category|Shantinath Jain Temple Khajuraho}}
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ali Javid |author2=Tabassum Javeed |title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXVNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA209 |year=2008 |publisher=Algora |isbn=978-0-87586-482-2 }}
* {{cite web |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle |title=Santhinatha Temple |url=http://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/chhatarpur_khajuraho_santhinathatemple.html |access-date=2016-11-16 |ref={{harvid|ASI Bhopal Shantinatha|2016}} }}
* {{cite web |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Bhopal Circle |title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Madhya Pradesh |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_mp.asp |access-date=2016-11-16 |ref={{harvid|ASI MP List|2016}} }}
{{ref end}}

{{Jain temples}}
{{Khajuraho Group of Monuments}}

[[Category:Khajuraho]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:19th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in India]]
[[Category:10th-century Jain temples]]

Bamhori, Bhopal

2025-07-29T08:07:49Z

DesireeTietjen: Started

{{for|the village in Raisen district|Bamhori, Raisen}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bamhori
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7165612|N|77.3180836|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhopal district|Bhopal]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Berasia]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 486
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 159
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 482339
| iso_code =[[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bamhori''' is a village in the [[Bhopal district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Berasia]] [[tehsil]].<ref>[http://bhopal.nic.in/rfplokseva/berasia.pdf Lok Seva Kendra, Berasia]</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Bamhori has 30 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 63.24%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2327_PART_B_DCHB_BHOPAL.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Bhopal |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh |access-date=2015-07-20 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 159 || 89 || 70
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 23 || 14 || 9
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Literates || 86 || 51 || 35
|-
| Workers (all) || 98 || 56 || 42
|-
| Main workers (total) || 38 || 31 || 7
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 36 || 30 || 6
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 2 || 1 || 1
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Main workers: Other || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 60 || 25 || 35
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 25 || 4 || 21
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 33 || 19 || 14
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| Non-workers || 61 || 33 || 28
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Villages in Berasia tehsil}}

[[Category:Villages in Berasia tehsil]]

Hindustan Ardhra

2025-05-31T23:56:18Z

DesireeTietjen: enhance article additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Pilot Training Sailplane}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
__NOTOC__

{{Infobox aircraft
| name = ATS-1 Ardhra
| image =
| caption =
| type = Training [[sailplane]]
| manufacturer = [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation Department of India]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics]]
| designer =
| first_flight = 5 March [[1983 in aviation|1979]]
| introduction =
| retired =
| status =
| primary_user =
| more_users =
| produced =
| number_built =
| variants =
}}

The '''Hindustan Ardhra''' ({{Lit|The Moist One}})<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/ardra#:~:text=%C4%80rdr%C4%81%20means%20%E2%80%9Cgreen%E2%80%9D%20or%20%E2%80%9C,Rudra%20(God%20of%20destruction). | title=Ardra, Ārdrā, Ārdra: 32 definitions | date=27 August 2016 }}</ref> was a sailplane designed in India for pilot training by the government's Civil Aviation Department in the late 1970s as the '''ATS-1 Ardhra'''. It was a two-seat aircraft of conventional configuration and wooden construction. The Indian Air Force ordered fifty examples in the early 1980s to be produced by [[Hindustan Aeronautics]] and the type was approved for use for flying by cadets.




==Operators==
{{IND}}
* [[Indian Air Force]]

==Specifications==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89<ref name=JAWA88-89>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89 |year=1988 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=London |isbn=0-7106-0867-5 |editor=John W.R. Taylor|pages=628}}</ref>
|prime units?=met

|genhide=

|crew=2
|capacity=
|length m=8.61
|length ft=
|length in=
|span m=16.5
|span ft=
|span in=
|height m=2.464
|height ft=
|height in=
|wing area sqm=21.83
|wing area sqft=
|aspect ratio=12.5
|airfoil=Wortmann FX-61-184
|empty weight kg=328
|empty weight lb=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|max takeoff weight kg=508
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|more general=

|perfhide=

|stall speed kmh=61
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=210
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|g limits=+5.3 -2.65
|glide ratio=26
|sink rate ms=0.78
|sink rate ftmin=
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading kg/m2=17.32
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Jane's Encyclopaedia of Aviation |last=Taylor |first=Michael J.H. |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |isbn=978-0-517-69186-1|page=255 }}
* {{cite book|title=Jane's all the world's aircraft, 1985-86|url=https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi8586shar|url-access=registration|editor1-last=Taylor|editor1-first=John W.R.|editor2-last=Munson|editor2-first=Kenneth|date=1985|publisher=Jane's Pub.|location=London|isbn=9780710608215|edition=76|page=[https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi8586shar/page/746 746] }}



{{Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)}}
{{Civil Aviation Department aircraft}}
{{HAL aircraft}}

[[Category:1970s Indian sailplanes]]
[[Category:Glider aircraft]]
[[Category:HAL aircraft|Ardrha]]
[[Category:Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1979]]