https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=DenaDelamothe53 2026-08-06T04:47:55Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parasmani_Debi&diff=524394 2026-05-08T17:23:16Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Made A Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian singer and dancer}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Parasmani Debi<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[British India]]<br /> | death_date ={{death date|2021|07|10|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = Puri District, Odisha, India<br /> | origin = [[Jagannath]] Temple<br /> | genre = [[Odissi music]]<br /> | occupation = Devadasi,Singer,[[Odissi|Odissi dancer]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Parasmani Debi''' (alternatively spelled '''Parasmani''', '''Parasmani Devi'''), was the last [[devadasi]] or mahari of Shri Jagannath Temple and “human consort” of the Lord [[Jagannath]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/entertainment/1646738-jagannath-temples-last-devadasi-parasmani-devi-dies-at-90 |title=Jagannath temple's last 'devadasi' Parasmani Devi dies at 90 |publisher=devdiscourse |access-date=7 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Parasmani came from a poor family and was initiated into service at the temple when she was a young ago. She was an accomplished classical musician and singer who later became a singer on Indian [[radio]]. She passed away on July 10, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://sambadenglish.com/parasmani-last-surviving-devadasi-of-shree-jagannatha-temple-no-more/ |title=Parasmani, last surviving 'Devadasi' of Shree Jagannatha Temple, no more |date=10 July 2021 |publisher=Sambadenglish |access-date=10 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/Jul/11/puri-templeslast-devadasi-parasmani-passes-away-at-92-2328547.html |title=Puri temple's last Devadasi Parasmani passes away at 92 |date=11 July 2021 |publisher=New Indian Express |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> Parasmani does not remember who her parents were, only that she was adopted by devadasi Kundamani Devi when she was very young.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wunrn.com/2012/08/india-last-surviving-elderly-devadasis-of-temple-diety/ |title=India – Last Surviving &amp; Elderly Devadasis of Temple Diety |publisher=Wunrn |access-date=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kundamani Devi was her first teacher, she began learning [[odissi dance]] and playing the [[accordion]] at the age of seven.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jagannath-temple-s-last-devadasi-parasmani-devi-dies-at-90-11625937970064.html |title=Jagannath Temple's last 'devadasi' Parasmani Devi dies at 90 |date=10 July 2021 |publisher=New Indian Express |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, she studied [[odissi]] music with the famous musician and singer [[Singhari Shyamsundar Kar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/Jul/11/puri-templeslast-devadasi-parasmani-passes-away-at-92-2328547.html |title=Puri temple's last Devadasi Parasmani passes away at 92 |date=11 July 2021 |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Parasmani began her artistic career as a devadasi. She joined Gahani Samprada, a singing group centered around devadasi.Parasmani is a bhitar gayani devadasi whose duty is to sing before the idols until late at night, with the aim of putting the gods to sleep. She also participate in sacrificial ceremonies at temples.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://english.janamtv.com/news/india/41797/centuries-old-devdasi-seva-in-sri-jagannath-temple-ends-with-mahari-parasmanis-demise/ |title=Centuries old Devdasi seva in Sri Jagannath temple ends with Mahari Parasmani's demise |date=10 July 2021 |publisher=Janam TV English |access-date=10 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/news/miscellaneous/jagannath-temple-s-last-devadasi-parasmani-devi-dies-at-90-123370 |title=Jagannath Temple's Last 'Devadasi' Parasmani Devi Dies At 90 |publisher=Odisha TV |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;With her sweet voice and excellent skills, she then entered the world of radio in India. She became known for singing mainly odissi songs and [[bhajan]] on Indian radio.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/Jul/11/puri-templeslast-devadasi-parasmani-passes-away-at-92-2328547.html |title=Puri temple's last Devadasi Parasmani passes away at 92 |date=11 July 2021 |publisher=The New Indian Express |access-date=11 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Parasmani spent her later years serving the gods at the temple. She remained unmarried and devout throughout her life. She stated she would not adopt any girls, not wanting them to suffer without marriage and shelter. Parasmani lived in poverty in her later years; she was entitled to a monthly pension of 2,500 rupees, but it was always delayed or arrears were paid. She rented a small house in the Basli Sahi district of Puri for 700 rupees a month.Parasmani continued to sing at the temple in her later years; although the devadasi system had long since disappeared, married women still sought her blessings, hoping not to become widows. Later, due to her advanced age, she was unable to continue reciting the Geeta Govinda. In 2010, she was forced to stop serving at the temple due to health reasons.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1995/10/17/temple-decides-to-continue-banned-devadasi-system-in-eastern-india&amp;post_id=48122 |title=TEMPLE DECIDES TO CONTINUE BANNED ´DEVADASI´ SYSTEM IN EASTERN INDIA |publisher=Ucanews |date=16 October 1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://odishatv.in/news/miscellaneous/jagannath-temple-s-last-devadasi-parasmani-devi-dies-at-90-123370 |title=Last Devadasi of Jagannath temple passes away at 92 |publisher=India TV News |access-date=12 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://wunrn.com/2012/08/india-last-surviving-elderly-devadasis-of-temple-diety/ |title=India – Last Surviving &amp; Elderly Devadasis of Temple Diety |publisher=Wunrn |access-date=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; On July 10, 2021, Parasmani passed away in her sleep; her funeral was arranged by her adopted son, Prasanna Kumar Das.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jagannath-temple-s-last-devadasi-parasmani-devi-dies-at-90-11625937970064.html |title=Jagannath Temple's last 'devadasi' Parasmani Devi dies at 90 |date=10 July 2021 |publisher=Mint |access-date=10 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Jagannath}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Jagannath]]<br /> [[Category:2021 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian courtesans]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women classical singers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]<br /> [[Category:Odissi dancers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]<br /> [[Category:All India Radio people]]<br /> [[Category:All India Radio women]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women classical musicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century women musicians]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puri%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_Weekly_Express&diff=527357 2026-05-06T14:16:56Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Made Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Train in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Puri–Ahmedabad Weekly Express<br /> | image =<br /> | image_width =<br /> | caption =<br /> | type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]<br /> | locale = [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]] &amp; [[Gujarat]]<br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1999|02|17}}<br /> | last =<br /> | operator = [[East Coast Railway zone|East Coast Railway]]<br /> | ridership =<br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Puri}} (PURI)<br /> | stops = 36<br /> | end = {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad}} (ADI)<br /> | distance = {{convert|1996|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 35 hrs 10 mins<br /> | frequency = Weekly <br /> | class = AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved<br /> | seating = No<br /> | sleeping = Yes<br /> | autorack =<br /> | catering = On-board catering, &lt;br&gt; E-catering<br /> | observation = Large windows<br /> | entertainment = <br /> | baggage = Available <br /> | otherfacilities = <br /> | stock = [[LHB coach]]<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}<br /> | electrification =<br /> | trainnumber = 20861 / 20862<br /> | speed = {{convert|57|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts<br /> | map =<br /> | map_state =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 20861 / 20862 '''Puri–Ahmedabad Weekly Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train belonging to [[East Coast Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Puri}} and {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} in India. It is currently being operated with 18405/18406 train numbers on a weekly basis.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.eastcoastrail.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,4,268&amp;dcd=2469&amp;did=149733908439580B5FC3610B3AA5ACE934A30473661A9.web91 Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches in two important Trains]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-railways-will-replace-conventional-coaches-with-lhb-coaches-2469595 Puri-Ahmedabad, Puri-Howrah to get improved LHB coach for passenger safety ]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.orissapost.com/two-express-trains-to-have-lhb-coaches/ Two express trains to have LHB coach]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Service==<br /> <br /> The 18405/Puri–Ahmedabad Express has an average speed of 54&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 1995&amp;nbsp;km in 37h 5m. The 18406/Ahmedabad–Puri Express has an average speed of 52&amp;nbsp;km/h and covers 1995&amp;nbsp;km in 38h 10m.<br /> <br /> ==Route &amp; halts==<br /> <br /> The important halts of the train are:<br /> * '''{{stnlnk|Puri}}'''<br /> * {{stnlnk|Khurda Road Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Bhubaneswar}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Talcher}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Sambalpur Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Balangir}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Titlagarh Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Kantabanji}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Khariar Road}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Raipur Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Durg Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Nagpur Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Akola Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Jalgaon Junction}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Dondaicha}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Nandurbar}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Surat}}<br /> * {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}<br /> * '''{{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}'''<br /> <br /> ==Coach composition==<br /> <br /> The train has standard LHB rakes with a max speed of 110&amp;nbsp;kmph. The train consists of 22 coaches:<br /> * 1 AC II Tier<br /> * 3 AC III Tier<br /> * 9 Sleeper coaches<br /> * 1 Pantry car<br /> * 6 General Unreserved<br /> * 2 End-on Generator<br /> <br /> ==Traction==<br /> <br /> It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.<br /> <br /> == Rake sharing ==<br /> <br /> The train shares its rake with 12887/12888 [[Puri–Howrah Express]].<br /> <br /> ==Direction reversal==<br /> <br /> The train reverses its direction twice at;<br /> * {{stnlnk|Titlagarh Junction}} and<br /> * {{stnlnk|Talcher}}.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Puri railway station]]<br /> * [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station]]<br /> * [[Puri–Howrah Express]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/13 18405/Puri–Ahmedabad Express] India Rail Info<br /> * [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/1298 18406/Ahmedabad–Puri Express] India Rail Info<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Eastern India}}<br /> {{Railways in Western India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Puri-Ahmedabad Weekly Express}}<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Puri]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Express trains in India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-express-train-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Majhauli&diff=515210 2026-05-02T08:31:26Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Added Some Post Basic Info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Majhauli<br /> | settlement_type = [[Town]]<br /> | image_skyline = Parsili Banas River.png<br /> | caption = Parsili Banas River, Majhauli<br /> | pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|24.11|N|81.63|E|display=inline,title}}| subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Sidhi District|Sidhi]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 489<br /> | population_total = 11,892<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN 473335]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code =473335 <br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]<br /> | registration_plate = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|MP-47]] <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Majhauli''' is a Town and a [[Nagar Panchayat]] in [[Sidhi District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Its also a [[Tehsil]] Headquarter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=नगर पालिका {{!}} जिला प्रशासन सीधी, मध्य प्रदेश शासन {{!}} भारत |url=https://sidhi.nic.in/public-utility-category/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE/ |access-date=2024-04-06 |language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=गांव और पंचायत {{!}} जिला प्रशासन सीधी, मध्य प्रदेश शासन {{!}} भारत |url=https://sidhi.nic.in/%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b5-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a4/ |access-date=2024-04-06 |language=hi-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Majhauli is located on {{Coord|24.11|N|81.63|E|}}. It has an average elevation of 483&amp;nbsp;[[metre]]s (1584&amp;nbsp;[[foot (length)|feet]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Majhauli, India |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Majhauli.html |website=www.fallingrain.com |access-date=26 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> Majhauli Town has a population of 11,892 of which 6,121 are males while 5,771 are females as Census India 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Majhauli Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2024 {{!}} Madhya Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802425-majhauli-madhya-pradesh.html |website=www.census2011.co.in |access-date=26 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Places of interest==<br /> * Parsili Resort, Parsili is situated on the banks of the Banas river in the Majhauli.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Parsili Resort, Majhauli, Sidhi {{!}} District Administration Sidhi, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://sidhi.nic.in/en/tourist-place/parsili-rest-house/ |access-date=26 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sanjay National Park|Sanjay Dubri National Park]]<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Majhauli is well connected with roads. a major road connects it from [[Sidhi]] and 50 km away from [[Sidhi]]. [[Madwas]] is 20 km away from here. Daily bus service available here.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Rewa Division}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geography of Madhya Pradesh]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jalal_al-Din_Mangburni&diff=505373 2026-05-01T05:25:29Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new a article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Last shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 1220 to 1231}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> | image = OUZBEKISTAN, 25 Som à l'effigie de Jaloliddin Manguberdi (portrait).jpg<br /> | caption = Uzbek [[Uzbekistani soum|25 soʻm]] coin commemorating Jalal al-Din<br /> | birth_date = 1199<br /> | birth_place = [[Gurganj]]<br /> | death_date = 15 August {{death year and age|1231|1199}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author1=[[Kenneth Setton|Kenneth Meyer Setton]]|author2=[[Robert Lee Wolff]]|author3=[[Harry Williams Hazard]]|title=《A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311》|location=[[United States|United States of America]]|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]]|date=1 January 1969|pages=761|isbn=978-0299048310|accessdate=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dsycrclykIC&amp;dq=Jalal+al-Din++August+1231&amp;pg=PA761|language=en|quote=1231 August 15 Jalal al-Din, last Khorezm - Shah, is slain fleeing from Mongols}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | death_place = [[Silvan, Diyarbakır]]<br /> | father = [[Muhammad II of Khwarazm|Muhammad II]]<br /> | mother = Ay-Chichek<br /> | spouse = {{ubl|Qutlubika Khatun|[[Sulafa Khatun]]}}<br /> [[Tamta Mkhargrdzeli]]<br /> | issue =<br /> | reign = December 1220 – 15 August 1231<br /> | succession = [[Khwarazmshah]]<br /> | predecessor = [[Muhammad II of Khwarazm|Muhammad II]]<br /> | dynasty = [[Anushtegin dynasty]]<br /> | religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Jalal al-Din Mangburni''' ({{langx|fa|جلال الدین مِنکُبِرنی}}), also known as '''Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah''' ({{lang|fa|جلال الدین خوارزمشاه}}), was the last [[Khwarazmshah]] of the [[Anushtegin dynasty]]. The eldest son and successor of [[Ala ad-Din Muhammad II]] of the [[Khwarazmian Empire]], Jalal al-Din was brought up at [[Gurganj]], the wealthy capital of the Khwarazmid homeland. An able general, he served as second-in-command to his father in [[Irghiz River skirmish|at least one battle]]; however, since he was the son of a concubine, he was challenged as successor by a younger brother, whose cause was supported by the powerful Queen Mother, [[Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish)|Terken Khatun]]. Nevertheless, after the [[Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire]] led to his father's flight and death on an island in the [[Caspian Sea]], Jalal-al Din gained the loyalty of the majority of Khwarazmian loyalists.<br /> <br /> The new Shah Jalal al-Din moved to Gurganj, but departed eastwards after Terken Khatun moved against him; evading [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] patrols, he gathered a substantial army at [[Ghazni]]. He managed to inflict an excellent defeat on [[Shigi Qutuqu]] at the [[Battle of Parwan]], but soon lost a good portion of his army in a dispute over spoils. He was defeated by a vengeful [[Genghis Khan]] at the [[Battle of the Indus]], and fled across the river. Now essentially a warlord, Jalal al-Din managed to establish a succession of short-lived states: first in the [[Punjab]] from 1222 to 1224, and then in [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|northwest Iran]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] after 1225. Jalal al-Din did not have the political ability needed to underpin his martial exploits, and he was forced to combat several large revolts and increasing pressure from Mongol forces. Eventually, he was killed in 15 August 1231. The army he had gathered would continue to terrorize the [[Levant]] as the mercenary [[Khwarazmiyya]] until its final defeat in 1246.<br /> <br /> ==Name and early life==<br /> The spelling and meaning of his [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] personal name is obscure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jalāl-Al-Din Kwārazmšāh (I) Mengübirni |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/jalal-al-din-kvarazmsahi-mengbirni |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi|al-Nasawi]]'s work (written in Arabic) his name was written as &quot;Jalal al-Din Mankubirti{{efn|Or Mankibirti, Mankubarti, Mankibarti, Mankuburti etc.}}, son of the Sultan [[Muhammad II of Khwarazm|Muhammad]], son of [[Ala al-Din Tekish|Tekish]], son of [[Il-Arslan]], son of [[Atsiz]], son of [[Muhammad I of Khwarazm|Muhammad]], son of [[Anushtegin Gharchai|Nushtekin]]&quot; ({{Langx|ar|جلال الدين منكبرتي ابن السلطان محمد بن تكش ابن ایل ارسلان بن اتسز ابن محمد ابن نوشتكين|translit=Jalāl al-Dīn Mankubirtī ibn al-Sulṭān Muḥammad bin Tekiš ibn ʾIl Ārslān bin Ātsiz ibn Muḥammad ibn Nūštekīn}}).&lt;ref name=Houdas1&gt;{{cite book |last1=en-Nesawi |first1= Mohammed |editor-last1=Houdas |editor-first1=Octave |title=Histoire du sultan Djelal ed-Din Mankobirti, prince du Kharezm par Mohammed en-Nesawi: Texte arabe, publié d'après le manuscrit de la Bibliothèque nationale |date=1895 |publisher=Ernest Leroux |location=Paris |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoXFIHykHLgC |access-date=9 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Original publisher of the manuscript, {{ill|Octave Houdas|fr}}, rendered his name (in French title) as &quot;Mankobirti&quot; and translated it as &quot;Dieu donné&quot; (Gift of God).&lt;ref name=Houdas2&gt;{{cite book |last1=en-Nesawi |first1= Mohammed |translator-last1=Houdas |translator-first1=Octave |title=Histoire du sultan Djelal-ed-Din Mankobirti, prince du Kharezm par Mohammed-en-Nesawi: traduit de l'arabe par O. Houdas |date=1895 |publisher=Ernest Leroux |location=Paris |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/details/histoiredusultan00nasa |chapter=Avertissement |access-date=9 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p=V}} Due to Arabic rendering, early scholarship spelled it as Manguburti (or similar variants), whilst the most common variant today is Mangburni (&quot;with a birthmark on the nose&quot;) or Mingirini (&quot;valiant fighter worth one thousand men&quot;; cf. Persian {{tlit|fa|[[hazarmard]]}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Jalāl al-Dīn Mangburnī |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Brill |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/jalal-al-din-mangburni-COM_32712 |access-date=8 February 2022 |last=Paul |first=Jürgen |year=2017 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32712|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=142}}<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din was reportedly the eldest son of the Khwarazmshah [[Ala ad-Din Muhammad II]] ({{reign|1200|1220}}),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&amp;pg=PA441 |title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=22 July 2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-337-8 |page=441}}&lt;/ref&gt; while his mother was a concubine of [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Turkmen]] origin, whose name was Ay-Chichek.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nasawi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=An-Nasawi |title=Description of life of Jalal al-Din Mangburni. Chapter 38 |url=https://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus8/Nasawi/frametext3.htm |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=Vostochnaya Literatura (Eastern Literature) |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to the low status of Jalal al-Din's mother, his powerful grandmother and [[Kipchaks|Kipchak]] princess [[Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish)|Terken Khatun]] refused to support him as heir to the throne, and instead favored his half-brother Uzlagh-Shah, whose mother was also a Qipchaq. Jalal al-Din first appears in historical records in 1215, when Muhammad II divided his empire among his sons, giving the southwestern part (part of the former [[Ghurid Empire]]) to Jalal al-Din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=142}}<br /> <br /> ==Mongol campaigns==<br /> ===Mongol invasion and accession===<br /> {{main|Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire}}<br /> [[Genghis Khan]] had chosen to ignore [[Battle near the Irghiz River|a skirmish]] between his son [[Jochi]] Khan and the Shah, in which Jalal al-Din's military acumen had saved the Shah from a humiliating defeat.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mclynn |first=Frank |title=Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-306-82396-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=255}} However, he could not ignore the seizure of a trade caravan in [[Otrar]] and subsequent execution of Mongol envoys in [[Gurganj]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Timothy&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=May |first=Timothy |title=The Mongol Empire |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-7486-4237-3 |pages=58–61 |chapter=The Mongols outside Mongolia |jstor=10.3366/j.ctv1kz4g68.11}}&lt;/ref&gt; War between the two new neighbours was inevitable.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Buniyatov |first=Z. M. |title=Gosudarstvo Khorezmshakhov-Anushteginidov: 1097–1231 |publisher=Nauka |year=2015 |isbn=978-9943-357-21-1 |location=Moscow |translator-last=Mustafayev |translator-first=Shahin |trans-title=A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097–1231 |orig-date=1986 |translator-last2=Welsford |translator-first2=Thomas}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=111}} The Khan commanded a skilled and disciplined army: the precise size of it is disputed, but most agree on around 75,000 to 200,000 soldiers.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Barthold |first=Vasily |title=Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion |publisher=Gibb Memorial Trust |year=1968 |edition=2nd |oclc=4523164 |orig-date=1900}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=404}} The Khwarazmshah, meanwhile, faced many problems.{{efn|As with the Mongol army, there is also debate as to the size and composition of the Shah's forces. Juvaini states that 50,000 were sent to aid Otrar, and gives a total of around 400,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvaini&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Juvaini |first=Ata-Malik |author-link=Ata-Malik Juvayni |title=Tarikh-i Jahangushay |title-link=Tarikh-i Jahangushay |date=c. 1260 |volume=1 |language=fa |translator-last=Andrew Boyle |translator-first=John |script-title=fa:تاریخ جهانگشای |trans-title=History of the World Conqueror |translator-link=John Andrew Boyle}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=82}} Most modern historians, however, prefer figures of between 50,000 and 150,000 effective soldiers.}} His empire was vast and newly formed, with a still-developing administration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=404}} In addition, his mother [[Terken Khatun (wife of Ala ad-Din Tekish)|Terken Khatun]] still wielded substantial power in the realm – one historian termed the relationship between the Shah and his mother as 'an uneasy diarchy', which often acted to Muhammad's disadvantage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Golden&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Golden |first=Peter |year=2009 |title=Inner Asia c.1200 |journal=The Cambridge History of Inner Asia |volume=The Chinggisid Age |pages=9–25 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139056045.004 |isbn=978-1-139-05604-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|pages=14–15}} The Shah also distrusted most of his commanders, with the only exception being Jalal al-Din. If he had sought open battle, as many of his commanders wished, he would certainly have been greatly outmatched in quantity of troops, let alone quality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sverdrup |first=Carl |year=2013 |title=Sübe'etei Ba'atur, Anonymous Strategist |journal=Journal of Asian History |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=37 |doi=10.13173/jasiahist.47.1.0033 |jstor=10.13173/jasiahist.47.1.0033}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Shah thus made the decision to distribute his forces as garrison troops inside his most important towns, such as Samarkand, [[Merv]] and [[Nishapur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Timothy&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rene&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=238}} Meanwhile, the Shah raised taxes to raise a field army, with whom he would harass the besieging Mongol forces.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=113}}<br /> <br /> However, through a combination of excellent manoeuvering and planning, the Mongols managed to carve a path of destruction through Khwarazmia. [[Otrar]] fell, and [[Siege of Bukhara|Bukhara was taken]], as was Samarkand. Genghis Khan then sent an army under his elite generals [[Jebe]] and [[Subutai]] specifically to pursue the Shah; although Muhammad, accompanied by Jalal-al Din and two other sons, managed to escape, he was prevented from gathering any forces as his empire collapsed around him.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=120}} Fleeing to the loyal region of [[Greater Khorasan|Khorasan]], the Shah died destitute on an island in the [[Caspian Sea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=419}} Jalal al-Din would later claim that his father had appointed him as his successor on his deathbed. Meanwhile, the Mongols had occupied all of [[Transoxania]], and had invaded [[Tocharistan]], [[Guzgan]] and [[Gharchistan]] during the latter half of 1220.<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din rode to [[Gurganj]], a city reportedly housing 90,000 soldiers, and found the city in turmoil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=432}} The city's nobility, like Terken Khatun, were not prepared to accept Jalal al-Din as Shah, preferring the more malleable Uzlaq, and planned a coup against Jalal al-Din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=123}}Jalal Al-Din left the capital after being warned of the coup, accompanied by [[Timur Malik]] and 300 cavalry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=432}} Crossing the [[Karakum Desert]], he attacked the garrison of a Mongol detachment at [[Battle of Nisa (1221)|Nesa]], killing most of the force including two brothers of Toghachar, son in law of Genghis Khan.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=295}} The Mongols pursued, past Nishapur and Herat, but lost the trail before Ghazni, where Jalal al-Din found 50,000 loyalists waiting for him. After a few days, he was joined by his maternal uncle Temur Malik, who brought an additional 30,000 veterans – Jalal al-Din now had a sizeable force with which to strike back at the Mongols.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|pages=303–4}} Meanwhile, back in Khwarazm, [[Siege of Gurganj|Gurganj]], [[Siege of Merv (1221)|Merv]], [[Balkh]], and [[Nishapur]] had all been taken by the Mongol forces.&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvaini&quot; /&gt;{{rp|pages=150–2}}<br /> <br /> ===Battles at Parwan and the Indus===<br /> {{Campaignbox Battles involving Jalal ad-Din}}<br /> [[File:Alal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah crossing the rapid Indus river, escaping Chinggis Khan and his army.jpg|thumb|[[Battle of the Indus]]: Jalal al-Din Khwarazm-Shah crossing the rapid [[Indus River]] on horseback, escaping [[Genghis Khan]] and the Mongol army.]]<br /> Jalal al-Din, who had just married Temur Malik's daughter to solidify ties, marched towards [[Kandahar]] which was under siege by a Mongol army and defeated them after a two-day battle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=127}} In autumn 1221, he then moved north to [[Parwan]] and attacked a besieging army north of [[Charikar]] in the [[Battle of Waliyan]]; the numerically inferior Mongols lost 1,000 and retreated across the river, destroying the bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=442}} Genghis sent an army numbering between thirty and forty-five thousand under [[Shigi Qutuqu]] to confront the Shah. The [[Battle of Parwan]] was fought on a rock-strewn, narrow valley which was unsuitable for the Mongol cavalry, and the Muslims fought dismounted until the final charge led by Jalal al-Din, who personally commanded the center, resulting in the repulsion of the Mongols.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Man |first=John |title=Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection |publisher=St. Martin's Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-312-31444-2 |page=181}}&lt;/ref&gt; This battle made Jalal al-Din's reputation; however, he soon lost half of his army through infighting: the sources report a dispute over booty between Temur Malik and Ighrak, commander of the right flank.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din had won several victories against the Mongols in 1221, and after the Battle of Parwan, independent insurgency groups emerged in multiple cities inspired by his deeds. Kushteghin Pahlawan launched a revolt in [[Merv]] and ousted the Mongol administration; he then made a successful attack on [[Bukhara]], while [[Herat]] also rebelled. These revolts would be crushed by the Mongols, and many atrocities perpetuated as retribution.<br /> <br /> Genghis Khan, now at [[Bamiyan]], did not take this defeat lightly. After executing that fortress, he made his way eastwards to confront Jalal al-Din, using his powers of organisation to send detachments out to prevent the disparate Khwarazmid factions from uniting, one of whom al-Din managed to isolate and defeat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvaini&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=132}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Buniyatov&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=128}} Jalal Al-Din knew he had no chance of winning against Genghis in a pitched battle with his diminished army and after attempts to win back Ighrak and his men failed, he marched towards India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=445}}&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=307}} The Khan's army managed to surround Jalal al-Din's army on the banks of the [[River Indus]] and crushed them in the [[Battle of Indus|ensuing battle]] in November 1221.&lt;ref name=&quot;Barthold&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=446}} The Shah escaped the battle by jumping into the river fully armed, and reaching the other shore.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=309}} This act of desperation is said to have drawn the admiration of Genghis Khan, who forbade Mongols to pursue the Shah or shoot him with arrows. The Shah's surviving troops were however slaughtered, along with his harem and children.&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvaini&quot; /&gt;{{rp|pages=133–4}}<br /> <br /> == Later campaigns ==<br /> [[File:Khwarizm Shahs. Jalal al-Din Mangubarni. AH 617-628 AD 1220-1231. AR Double Dirhem (20mm, 5.90 g, 1h). Qal 'a Nay mint.jpg|thumb|Silver coin (AR Double Dirham) of Jalal al-Din Mangubarni, issued from [[Qara Nay]] mint.]]<br /> [[File:UZB-25s.jpg|thumb|Commemorative coin of Jalal al-Din Mangubarni in Gurganj]]<br /> <br /> ===Indian subcontinent===<br /> {{main|Khwarazmian conquest of Punjab and Sindh}}<br /> After the [[Battle of the Indus]], Jalal al-Din crossed the Indus and settled in India. A local prince, who had six thousand men attacked Jalal al-Din's makeshift forces of no more than four thousand, but al-Din still triumphed, greatly enhancing his Indian appeal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nasawi&quot; /&gt;{{rp|at=chapter 38}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Panjab&quot; /&gt; He then sought asylum in the [[Sultanate of Delhi]] but [[Iltutmish]] denied this to him because of al-Din's poor relationship with the [[Abbasid caliphs]]; he did however give one of his daughters to al-Din as a peace offering.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=310}} The Khan sent Dorbei Doqshin with two ''[[tumens]]'' to pursue al-Din, whom he still regarded as a threat, in early 1222; one account has Doqshin fail to secure al-Din, and return to the Khan in [[Samarkand]], who was so infuriated Doqshin was sent out at once on the same task.&lt;ref name=&quot;Juvaini&quot; /&gt;{{rp|pages=141}} Meanwhile, al-Din was quarrelling with local princes, but was mostly victorious when it came to battle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Panjab&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |year=1990 |title=Jalāl Al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind |journal=Iran |publisher=British Institute of Persian Studies |volume=28 |pages=45–54 |doi=10.2307/4299834 |jstor=4299834}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Under Doqshin's leadership, the Mongol army took [[Nandana]] fort of [[Janjua]] tribe from one of the lieutenants of Jalal al-Din, sacked it, then proceeded to besiege the larger [[Multan]]. The Mongol army managed to breach the wall but the city was defended successfully by the Khwarazmians; due to the hot weather, the Mongols were forced to retreat after 42 days. Peter Jackson suggests that Doqshin, having been instructed not to return unsuccessfully, eventually converted to Islam and joined al-Din.&lt;ref name=&quot;Panjab&quot; /&gt; The rest of al-Din's three years in exile in India were spent in taking large parts of [[Lahore]] and the [[Punjab]]; he returned to Persia at the behest of his brother Ghiyath al-Din Pirshah, who still controlled parts of Persia, in late 1223.&lt;ref name=&quot;Panjab&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Persia and Georgia===<br /> [[File:Bataille_de_Bolnisi.jpg|thumb|The [[Georgians]] (left) against the [[Khwarazmian Empire|Khwarazmians]] (right) in the [[Battle of Bolnisi]] in 1227. From the ''[[:Commons:Category:Bibliothèque nationale Supplément persan 206|Tarikh-i Jahangushay]]'' manuscript created in Shiraz, Iran, in 1438.]]<br /> Having gathered an army and entered Persia, Jalal al-Din sought to re-establish the Khwarazm kingdom, but he never fully consolidated his power. In 1224, he confirmed [[Buraq Hajib|Burak Hadjib]], ruler of the [[Qara Khitai]], in [[Kerman]], and received the submission of his brother Ghiyath, who had established himself in Hamadan and Isfahan, and the province of Fars, and clashed with the [[Al-Nasir|Caliph An Nasser]] in Khuzestan, from whom he captured parts of Western Iran. The next year, he dethroned the Uzbek Muzaffar al-Din, ruler of the [[Eldiguzids]], and set himself up in their capital of [[Tabriz]] on 25 July 1225. That same year, he attacked [[Kingdom of Georgia|Georgia]], defeating its forces in the [[battle of Garni]], and captured [[Tbilisi]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Rene&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of the Steppes |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-8135-1304-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=260}} after which a hundred thousand citizens [[Hundred Thousand Martyrs of Tbilisi|were put to death for not renouncing Christianity]].<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din spent the rest of his days struggling against the Mongols, pretenders to the throne and the [[Seljuqs]] of [[Sultanate of Rum|Rûm]]. His dominance in the region required year-after-year campaigning. In 1226, Burak Hadjib, the governor of Kerman and Jalal al-Din's father-in-law, rebelled against him, but after Jalal al-Din marched against him he was subdued. Jalal al-Din then had a brief victory over the Seljuqs and captured the town of [[Akhlat]] in Turkey from the [[Ayyubids]]. In 1227, after the death of Genghis Khan, a new Mongol army commanded by [[Chormagan]] was sent to invade al Din's lands; they were met near [[Dameghan]] and defeated.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 June 2006 |title=Mongol Empire: Chormaquan and the Mongol Conquest of the Middle East |url=https://www.historynet.com/mongol-empire-chormaquan-and-the-mongol-conquest-of-the-middle-east.htm |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=HistoryNet}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 1228, a new Mongol army under the leadership of Taymas Noyan invaded the re-established kingdom. Jalal al-Din met them near Isfahan and the two armies fought. The Mongols scored a [[pyrrhic victory]] in this battle, unable to exploit their victory as they had no power left to advance.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; The same year, his brother Ghiyath al-Din rebelled but was defeated. Ghiyath al-Din fled to Kerman where he and his mother were killed. The revived Khwarazmshah by this time controlled Kerman, Tabriz, Isfahan and [[Fars province|Fars]]. Jalal al-Din moved against [[Ahlat]] again in 1229. However, he was defeated in this campaign by Sultan [[Kayqubad I]] at the [[Battle of Yassıçemen]] in 1230, from whence he escaped to [[Diyarbakır]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Irwin |first=Robert |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1999 |editor-last=Abulafia |editor-first=David |volume=5: c. 1198 – c.1300 |page=611 |chapter=Islam and the Mediterranean: The rise of the Mamluks}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Death ===<br /> Through the ruler of [[Alamut]], the Mongols learned that Jalal al-Din had recently been defeated; the [[Order of Assassins|Nizari Ismaili Assassins]] sent a letter to [[Ögedei Khan]], proposing joint operation against Jalal al-Din.&lt;ref name=&quot;McLynn&quot; /&gt;{{rp|pages=392–3}} Ögedei Khan sent a new army of 30,000 – 50,000 men under the command of Chormagan and the remaining Khwarazmians, whose numbers were in hundreds, were swept away by the new Mongol army, which occupied [[Northern Iran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pelliot |first=P. |year=1923 |title=Les Mongols et la Papauté |url=https://catholicapedia.net/Documents/Revue-de-l.Orient-chretien/23-1922.1923_revue-de-l.orient-ch_paris.pdf#page=9 |url-status=dead |journal=Revue de l'Orient Chrétien |volume=23 |pages=3–30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922224132/http://www.catholicapedia.net/Documents/Revue-de-l.Orient-chretien/23-1922.1923_revue-de-l.orient-ch_paris.pdf#page=9 |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jalal al-Din once again escaped from the Mongols and took refuge in the [[Silvan, Diyarbakır|Silvan]] mountains. In August he was killed by a [[Kurd]] who claimed that he was avenging his brother, who had been killed by Jalal al-Din's forces in [[Ahlat]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Nasawî |last=Khorandezî Zeydârî |title=Sîret-i Celâleddîn-i Mingburnî |publisher=Tehran |page=1344}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://ketabonline.com/ar/books/29536/read?part=27&amp;page=8574&amp;index=3963243/3963280/3963289 |title=موجز حائرة المعارف الإسلامية}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din's kingdom swiftly collapsed after his death; his nobles squabbled over territory and would be overcome easily by the Mongols. Several thousand, however, took up service with the princes of Anatolia and Syria to escape the Mongols. They continued to be a force in Syrian politics until their destruction in 1246.&lt;ref name=&quot;Panjab&quot; /&gt; His daughter, Turkan, would grow up in the court of [[Ögedei Khan]] and then [[Hulagu Khan]], who married her to the governor of Mosul, [[Al-Salih Isma'il ibn Lu'lu']].<br /> <br /> Some pretenders to the name of Jalal al-Din arose after his death. In 1236, the founder and the leader of an insurgency in [[Mazandaran]] claimed he was Jalal al-Din. After he was defeated, the Mongols verified that his claim was false, and he was executed. In the year 1254, a leader of a merchant group claimed he was Jalal al-Din; detained and tortured, he asserted he was truthful until his death.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taneri&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy and assessment ==<br /> [[File:Coin of Jalal al-Din Mangburni.jpg|thumb|[[Dirham]] of Jalal al-Din, citing Abbasid caliph [[Al-Mustansir (Baghdad)|Al-Mustansir Bi'llah]] 623–628 AH (1226–1231 AD).]]<br /> [[File:Jaloliddin Manguberdi haykali 001.jpg|thumb|Equestrian statue of Jalal al-Din in [[Urgench]]]]<br /> Jalal al-Din was considered by many to be a fearless commander and a great warrior. His biographer, [[Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi]], described him as follows:<br /> <br /> &lt;blockquote&gt;He was swarthy (dark-skinned), small in stature, Turkic in &quot;behavior&quot; and speech, but he also spoke Persian. As for his courage, I have mentioned it many times when describing the battles he took part in. He was a lion among lions and the most fearless among his valiant horsemen. He was mild in his temper though, did not get easily provoked and never used bad language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Buniyatov |first=Z. M. |title=Shikhab an-Nasawi. Sirat as-sultan Jalal al-Din Mankburni (Biography of sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni) |publisher=Vostochnaya Literatura, Russian Academy of Sciences |year=1996 |page=288 |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani|Juzjani]] described al-Din as &quot;endowed with great heroism, valour and high talents and accomplishments&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Juzjani |first=Minhaj-i Siraj |title=Tabakat-i Nasiri |page=285 |translator-last=Raverty |translator-first=H. G.}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Yaqut al-Hamawi]] notes that Jalal al-Din was known as a bellicose warrior and Jalal al-Din's passiveness after the [[Battle of Yassıçemen]] was seen as unbelievable. Modern historians are also positive concerning his military talent. Carl Sverdrup described Jalal al-Din as &quot;brave and energetic&quot;;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sverdrup |first=Carl |title=The Mongol Conquests The Military Operations of Genghis Khan and Sübe'etei. |publisher=Helion &amp; Co. |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-910777-71-8 |location=West Midlands}}&lt;/ref&gt; while Timothy May describes him as the most stalwart enemy of the Mongols in West Asia until the time of the Mamluk Sultanate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Timothy&quot; /&gt; Due to his reputation for resisting the Mongols, Jalal al-Din is commonly depicted on artwork resembling that of the Persian epic ''[[Shahnameh]]'', where he is associated with the mythological warrior [[Rostam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=145}} Jalal al-Din's contemporary Ibn Wasil attributed the Mongol triumph over the Muslim countries into Jalal al-Din's fall, which was in turn attributed to Jalal al-Din's treachorus behaviour. Ibn Wasil explicitly stated that Jalal al-Din's army could have been a buffer between the Islamic countries and the Mongols.&lt;ref&gt;Buniyatov, Z. M. (2015) [1986]. ''A History of the Khorezmian State Under the Anushteginids, 1097–1231'' Государство Хорезмшахов-Ануштегинидов: 1097–1231 [A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097–1231]. Page: 152&lt;/ref&gt; Even after defeating Jalal al-Din at the battle of Indus, Genghis Khan was keen on maintaining peace with Jalal al-Din, promising not to cross the demarcation between the Mongol empire and Jalal al-Din's re-established realm after being informed of Jalal al-Din's might.&lt;ref&gt;Buniyatov, Z. M. (2015) [1986]. ''Gosudarstvo Khorezmshakhov-Anushteginidov: 1097–1231'' %5B''A History of the Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids, 1097–1231''%5D. Translated by Mustafayev, Shahin; Welsford, Thomas. Moscow: Nauka. {{ISBN|978-9943-357-21-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|page=146}}<br /> <br /> Though considered a successful warrior and a general, Jalal al-Din is considered a poor ruler and the loss of his re-established empire to Mongols has been attributed to his poor diplomacy and rulership; he was seen as untrustworthy and warmongering.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taneri&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Taneri |first=Aydin |title=Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah and his era |publisher=Publications of the Ministry of Culture |year=1977 |location=Ankara |pages=81–83, 85–91 |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; His enmity with many neighbors resulted in his isolation against the Mongol army of Chormaqan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; [[Vasily Bartold]] believed that Jalal al-Din executed more cruel and irrational brutality than Genghis Khan did. Even al-Nasawi was unable to justify the negative impact Jalal al-Din's rule and conduct of his soldiers had on his subjects.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paul&quot; /&gt;{{rp|page=145}} Jalal al-Din is represented as a hero valianty fighting for &quot;Persian independence&quot; by the Iranian bureaucrat and historian [[Ata-Malik Juvayni]] (died 1283), who, however, was in reality aware that Jalal al-Din was fighting for his own survival and selfish motives.{{sfn|Lane|2012|p=251}}<br /> <br /> === Cultural influence ===<br /> Ottoman patriot [[Namık Kemal]] hailed him as a national and religious hero in his work ''Celâleddin Harzemşâh'' (Khwarazmshah Jalal al-Din). In Kemâl's work he was fighting against Mongols for the national unity and wellbeing of [[Oghuz Turks]], and against Georgians for the spread of Islam. Influenced by the [[Cromwell (play)|''Cromwell'' of Hugo]], Kemâl wrote a preface to it, commonly called as ''Mukaddime-i Celâl'' (Preface to Jalal), and just as what [[Victor Hugo|Hugo]] did with his preface, Kemal too outlined his understanding of a modern play with the preface.<br /> <br /> Jalal al-Din was the subject of the Uzbek-Turkish TV series ''[[Mendirman Jaloliddin]]'', created by [[Mehmet Bozdağ]] in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Culture and Sports (Uzbekistan)|Uzbek Ministry of Culture and Sports]], where he was played by [[Emre Kıvılcım]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Turkish series about Sultan Jalaluddin Khwarazmshah to release in Uzbekistan |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/782982-new-turkish-series-about-sultan-jalaluddin-khwarazmshah-to-release-in-uzbekistan |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=[[The News International]]|location=Pakistan}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sculpture of him by Saragt Babaýew won a national competition in 2015, receiving a prize from the [[president of Turkmenistan]], [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 April 2015 |title=Hormatly Prezidentimiz Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Türkmen bedewiniň baýramyna bagyşlanan dabaralara gatnaşdy |url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/tk/habar/42738/hormatly-prezidentimiz-gurbanguly-berdimuhamedow-turkmen-bedewinin-bayramyna-bagyslanan-dabaralara-gatnasdy |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=turkmenistan.gov.tm |language=tk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Notes===<br /> {{Notelist}}<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Barthold W. |title=Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion |publisher=Messers, Luzac &amp; Co. |year=1968 |edition=third |ref={{sfnRef|Barthold, W.|1968}}}}<br /> * {{Cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |volume=5 |date=1968 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-06936-6 |editor-last=Boyle |editor-first=J. A. |ref={{sfnRef|J.A. Boyle|1968}}}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Bregel |first=Yuri |author-link=Yuri Bregel |title=A Historical Atlas of Central Asia |publisher=Brill |year=2003 |oclc=938109618}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Buniyatov |first=Z. M. |title=A History of The Khorezmian State under the Anushteginids 1097–1231 |publisher=IICAS Samarkand |year=2015 |isbn=978-9943-357-21-1}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Cahen |first=Claude |url=https://archive.org/details/iranislaminmemor0000unse |title=Iran and Islam: In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-85224-200-1 |editor-last=Bosworth |editor-first=Clifford Edmund |pages=149–166 |chapter=ʿAbdallaṭīf al-Baghdādī et les Khwārizmiens}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=Rene |title=The Empire of The Steppes: A History of Central Asia |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8135-0627-1}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Jackson (historian) |title=The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-300-22728-4 |jstor=10.3366/j.ctt1n2tvq0}} {{registration required}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Juvaini |first=Ala-ad-Din Ata-Malik |title=Genghis Khan History of the World Conqurer |publisher=Mancherter University Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-7190-5144-4 |edition=3rd |translator-last=Boyle |translator-first=J. A.}}<br /> * {{Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=14 |fascicle=4 |title=Jalāl-al-Din Mengübirni |last=Bosworth |first=C. Edmund |author-link=lifford Edmund Bosworth |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/jalal-al-din-kvarazmsahi-mengbirni |pages=404–405 }}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Lane |first=George E. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-987575-7 |editor-last=Daryaee |editor-first=Touraj |editor-link=Touraj Daryaee |pages=1–432 |chapter=The Mongols in Iran}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Mclynn |first=Frank |title=Genghis Khan His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy |publisher=Da Capo |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-306-82396-1}}<br /> * {{EI3 |last=Paul |first=Jürgen |year=2017 |title=Jalāl al-Dīn Mangburnī |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/jalal-al-din-mangburni-COM_32712}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Tanner |first=Stephen |title=Afghanistan: A Military History from Alexander The Great to the Fall of The Taliban |publisher=Da Capo |year=2002 |isbn=0-306-81233-9}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=Melville |first=Charles |date=2021 |title=Juvaini's Account of Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah and the Crossing of the Indus: Historiographical and Pictorial Aspects |url=https://www.irannamag.com/en/article/juvainis-account-jalal-al-din-khwarazmshah-crossing-indus-historiographical-pictorial-aspects/ |journal=Iran Namag |volume=6 |issue=3–4}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-bef | before=[[Ala ad-Din Muhammad II|Muhammad II]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl | title=[[Khwarazmian Empire|Sultan of the Khwarazmian Empire]]| years=1220{{snd}}15 August 1231}}<br /> {{s-aft | after=[[Mongol conquest]]}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Anushtiginid Dynasty}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mengubirti, Jalal Ad-Din}}<br /> [[Category:1231 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century murdered monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]<br /> [[Category:1199 births]]<br /> [[Category:13th-century monarchs in Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Sultans]]<br /> [[Category:Anushtegin dynasty]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mir_(surname)&diff=517762 2026-04-27T19:23:41Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Kashmiri tribe of Persian &amp; Central Asian origin}}<br /> {{Distinguish|Mir (title)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> '''Mir''' as a surname. Notable people with the surname include:<br /> <br /> * [[Aasmah Mir]] (born 1971), Scottish-Pakistani journalist<br /> * [[Alam Mir]] (born 1944), Afghan wrestler<br /> * [[Asif Raza Mir]], Pakistani actor and producer <br /> * [[Ahad Raza Mir]] (born 1993), Pakistani-Canadian actor and musician<br /> * [[Bella Mir]] (born 2003), American mixed martial artist<br /> * [[Frank Mir]] (born 1979), American mixed martial artist, former UFC heavyweight champion<br /> * [[Hamid Mir]] (born 1966), Pakistani journalist, columnist and author<br /> * [[Ibrahim Mir]] (1874–1956), Pakistani Islamic scholar <br /> * [[Joan Mir]] (born 1997), Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle rider, 2020 MotoGP world champion<br /> * [[Joaquin Mir Trinxet]] (1873–1940), Spanish modenist painter<br /> * [[Magín Mir]] (born 1970), Spanish footballer<br /> * [[Mir Taqi Mir]] (1723–1810), Urdu poet<br /> * [[Mushaf Ali Mir]] (1947–2003), Pakistani air officer<br /> * [[Pedro Mir]] (1913–2000), Dominican poet and writer<br /> * [[Rafa Mir]] (born 1997), Spanish footballer<br /> * [[Rasul Mir]], Kashmiri poet<br /> * [[Sajid Mir]], Pakistani militant member of Lashkar-e-Taiba<br /> * [[Sajid Mir (politician)|Sajid Mir]], Pakistani politician<br /> * [[Samad Mir]] (1893–1959), Kashmiri poet<br /> * [[Sana Mir]] (born 1986), Pakistani cricketer<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Meer (disambiguation)]]<br /> * [[Mir (given name)]]<br /> * [[Mir Mughal |Mir (tribe)]]<br /> <br /> {{surname}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kashmiri-language surnames]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri tribes]]<br /> [[Category:Surnames of Pakistani origin]]<br /> [[Category:Catalan-language surnames]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Udhampur_West_Assembly_constituency&diff=542356 2026-04-19T19:40:37Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Starting A Entry...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Udhampur West<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 59<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | mla = [[Pawan Kumar Gupta]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> |state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> |district = [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency|Udhampur]]<br /> |established = 2022<br /> |electors = &lt;!-- number of electors at last election. Add a ref --&gt;<br /> |reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Udhampur West Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] a north state of [[India]]. [[Udhampur]] is also part of [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Notification by Delimitation Commission |url=https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017204253/https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2022/235556.pdf |archive-date=17 October 2022 |website=egazette.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Final Delimitation Order |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924222358/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Delimitation/English%20Final%20JK.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2022 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Constituency map |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J%26K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524150644/https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/J%26K%20AC%20map%20new.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 |website=Jammu and Kashmir CEO |access-date=13 August 2024 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Udhampur West&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Udhampur West |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0859.htm |access-date=19 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]]||[[Pawan Kumar Gupta]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Udhampur West&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Election Commission of India|title=J&amp;K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Udhampur East|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0859.htm|access-date=9 July 2025|date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709133353/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0859.htm|archive-date=9 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Pawan Kumar Gupta]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=47,164 |percentage=52.06% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sumeet Magotra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,412 |percentage=29.15% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jasvir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=12,556 |percentage=13.86% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tranter Singh |party=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (Bhim) |votes=637 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,290 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,752 |percentage=22.90% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=90,603 |percentage=78.34% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,15,655 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Udhampur district]]<br /> [[Category:2022 establishments in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2022]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sathanur_Assembly_constituency&diff=533402 2026-04-15T23:51:31Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Starting A Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Sathanur<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> | state = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | district = <br /> | division = <br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency|Kanakapura]]<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | established = 1967<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | abolished = 2008<br /> | mla = <br /> | party = <br /> | alliance = <br /> | latest_election_year = <br /> | electors = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sathanur Assembly constituency''' was one of the constituencies in [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in India. It was part of [[Kanakapura Lok Sabha constituency]]. After the 2008 delimitation of seats, both the assembly and parliament seats became defunct.<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | H. Puttadasa || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || [[K. L. Shivalinge Gowda]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || K. G. Srinivasa Murthy<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 elections in India#Karnataka|1985 By-election]] {{efn|Due to Resignation of [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]}} || [[K. L. Shivalinge Gowda]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | [[D. K. Shivakumar]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 51,603 |percentage = 47.91% |change = {{decrease}}6.73 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vishwanath. D. M |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 37,675 |percentage = 34.98% |change = {{decrease}}5.63 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Muniyappa |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 8,814 |percentage = 8.18% |change = {{increase}}7.26 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Swamy |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,931 |percentage = 6.43% |change = {{increase}}2.60 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Swamy. K. N |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,035 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,928 |percentage = 12.93% |change = {{decrease}}1.09 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 107,709 |percentage = 67.69% |change = {{decrease}}8.27 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 107,708}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,115 |ref = |change = {{increase}}14.86 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}6.73 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 56,050 |percentage = 54.64% |change = {{increase}}51.02 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. D. Kumaraswamy |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 41,663 |percentage = 40.61% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. R. Basavaraju |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 3,934 |percentage = 3.83% |change = {{increase}}2.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Cheluvaiah |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 939 |percentage = 0.92% |change = {{increase}}0.11 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,387 |percentage = 14.02% |change = {{increase}}13.48 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 105,229 |percentage = 75.96% |change = {{decrease}}5.18 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 102,586}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 2,640 |percentage = 2.51% |change = {{increase}}1.41 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 138,535 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.14 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}8.56 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 48,270 |percentage = 46.08% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Swamy |party = Janata Dal |votes = 47,702 |percentage = 45.54% |change = {{increase}}33.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = B. Ramesh |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 3,794 |percentage = 3.62% |change = {{decrease}}46.15 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Krishnappa |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,666 |percentage = 1.59% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ashok |party = Kannada Desha Party |votes = 1,385 |percentage = 1.32% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mellesha |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 847 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 568 |percentage = 0.54% |change = {{decrease}}14.69 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 105,909 |percentage = 81.14% |change = {{increase}}2.14 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 104,743}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,166 |percentage = 1.10% |change = {{decrease}}2.25 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,527 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.21 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.69 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 44,595 |percentage = 49.77% |change = {{increase}}13.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = U. K. Swamy |party = Janata Party |votes = 30,945 |percentage = 34.53% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. S. Sudhakar |party = Janata Dal |votes = 10,957 |percentage = 12.23% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Durgaiah. T. M |party = Kranti Sabha |votes = 2,029 |percentage = 2.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,650 |percentage = 15.23% |change = {{decrease}}10.22 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 92,714 |percentage = 79.00% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 89,608}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 3,106 |percentage = 3.35% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 117,366 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}11.95 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly By-election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 elections in India#Karnataka|1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. L. Shivalinge Gowda]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 45,608 |percentage = 61.72% |change = {{increase}}2.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Marilingaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,797 |percentage = 36.26% |change = {{decrease}}2.52 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Veerabhadraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 486 |percentage = 0.66% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,811 |percentage = 25.45% |change = {{increase}}4.89 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 73,900}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}2.39 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 45,612 |percentage = 59.33% |change = {{decrease}}2.27 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[D. K. Shivakumar]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 29,809 |percentage = 38.78% |change = {{increase}}3.91 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mallikarjunaiah |party = Lokdal |votes = 893 |percentage = 1.16% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,803 |percentage = 20.56% |change = {{decrease}}6.17 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 77,683 |percentage = 80.88% |change = {{increase}}6.50 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 76,873}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 810 |percentage = 1.04% |change = {{decrease}}0.77 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,043 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.58 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}2.27 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. G. Srinivasa Murthy |party = Janata Party |votes = 38,723 |percentage = 61.60% |change = {{increase}}14.70 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = V. C. Siyaramu |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 21,921 |percentage = 34.87% |change = {{increase}}32.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Ramaiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 798 |percentage = 1.27% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Mallesham |party = Independent politician |votes = 788 |percentage = 1.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. M. Ramaswamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 452 |percentage = 0.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,802 |percentage = 26.73% |change = {{increase}}26.08 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 64,023 |percentage = 74.38% |change = {{decrease}}7.22 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 62,864}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,159 |percentage = 1.81% |change = {{decrease}}0.59 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 86,076 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.94 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}14.70 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[K. L. Shivalinge Gowda]] |party = Janata Party |votes = 29,243 |percentage = 46.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kariappa. S |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 28,840 |percentage = 46.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Govinda Rao. N |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,672 |percentage = 2.68% |change = {{decrease}}67.94 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. P. Mallesham |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,400 |percentage = 2.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. A. Ramachandra Gowda |party = Independent politician |votes = 619 |percentage = 0.99% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Ramaswamy |party = Independent politician |votes = 582 |percentage = 0.93% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 403 |percentage = 0.65% |change = {{decrease}}40.58 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 63,889 |percentage = 81.60% |change = {{increase}}22.84 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 62,356}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,533 |percentage = 2.40% |change = {{increase}}2.40 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,295 |ref = |change = {{increase}}33.54 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}23.72 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. Puttadasa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,740 |percentage = 70.62% |change = {{increase}}28.11 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = G. C. Chandrasekhar |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 9,878 |percentage = 29.38% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,862 |percentage = 41.23% |change = {{increase}}39.56 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 34,451 |percentage = 58.76% |change = {{decrease}}5.17 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 33,618}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,632 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.51 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}26.44 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sathanur &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. Puttadasa |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,199 |percentage = 44.18% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Honnaiah |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,700 |percentage = 42.51% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Madiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,910 |percentage = 9.74% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramaswamiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,064 |percentage = 3.56% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 499 |percentage = 1.67% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 32,173 |percentage = 63.93% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 29,873}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,324 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br /> {{Coords|13.126|77.633|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br /> [[Category:1967 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surathkal_Assembly_constituency&diff=538523 2026-04-15T23:02:27Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Starting New Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former Assembly constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Note: The following pages were redirects to [[Surathkal_Assembly_constituency]] before draftification:<br /> *[[Surathkal (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]<br /> *[[Suratkal Assembly constituency]]<br /> --&gt;<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Surathkal<br /> | state = [[Karnataka]]<br /> | district = [[Dakshina Kannada]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Udupi Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-08-21 |title=General Election, 2004 (Vol I, II, III) |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=Election Commission of India |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | division = [[Mysore division|Mysore]]<br /> | constituency_no = <br /> | type = SLA<br /> | established = 1957<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | abolished = 2008<br /> | map_image = <br /> | mla = <br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Surathkal Assembly constituency''' was one of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka Legislative Assemblies]] or [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in [[Karnataka]]. It was part of [[Udupi Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Surathkal Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/surathkal-karnataka-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=resultuniversity.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Election<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || B. R. Karkera || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1959 elections in India#Mysore|1959 By-election]] {{efn|Died in<br /> 1959}} || K. Doomappa<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || Sanjeevanath Aikal || {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || P. V. Aithala<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#FFF58A&quot; | [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[B. Subbayya Shetty]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || Lokayya Shetty || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || [[N. M. Adyanthaya]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || Vijaya Kumar Shetty<br /> |-<br /> | [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1994]] || [[Kumble Sundara Rao]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || Vijaya Kumar Shetty || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[J. Krishna Palemar]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006204912/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_KT_2004.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[J. Krishna Palemar]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 57,808 |percentage = 48.71% |change = {{increase}}2.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Kumar Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 54,496 |percentage = 45.92% |change = {{decrease}}6.75 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suresh Chandra Shetty |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 4,136 |percentage = 3.48% |change = {{increase}}2.85 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Abubakar |party = Kannada Nadu Party |votes = 1,267 |percentage = 1.07% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suraiah |party = Independent politician |votes = 978 |percentage = 0.82% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,312 |percentage = 2.79% |change = {{decrease}}4.06 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 118,774 |percentage = 68.63% |change = {{increase}}0.36 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 118,685}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,068 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.74 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}3.96 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006053217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-KT99.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Kumar Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,749 |percentage = 52.67% |change = {{increase}}21.96 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kumble Sundara Rao]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 46,760 |percentage = 45.82% |change = {{increase}}10.31 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Aboobakker Kenjar |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 891 |percentage = 0.87% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ibarhim Suratkal |party = Janata Dal (Secular) |votes = 647 |percentage = 0.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,989 |percentage = 6.85% |change = {{increase}}2.05 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 103,872 |percentage = 68.27% |change = {{increase}}5.20 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 102,047}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 1,825 |percentage = 1.76% |change = {{increase}}0.67 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 152,158 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.91 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}17.16 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1994 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1994 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1994 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006211324/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1994/StatisticalReport-KT94.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kumble Sundara Rao]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,589 |percentage = 35.51% |change = {{increase}}13.13 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Kumar Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 25,587 |percentage = 30.71% |change = {{decrease}}14.58 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Antony D'souza |party = Janata Dal |votes = 12,375 |percentage = 14.85% |change = {{decrease}}10.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[N. M. Adyanthaya]] |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,816 |percentage = 10.58% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. V. Ameen |party = Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee |votes = 5,076 |percentage = 6.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Radhakrishna Rai. K |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,530 |percentage = 1.84% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,002 |percentage = 4.80% |change = {{decrease}}14.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 84,250 |percentage = 63.07% |change = {{decrease}}2.73 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 83,329}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 921 |percentage = 1.09% |change = {{decrease}}3.97 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,579 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.29 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.78 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1989 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1989 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1989 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007070737/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report%20karnataka%201989.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Vijaya Kumar Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 35,230 |percentage = 45.29% |change = {{decrease}}9.30 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Subbayya Shetty]] |party = Janata Dal |votes = 20,000 |percentage = 25.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramachander Baikampady |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 17,406 |percentage = 22.38% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madanmohan Naik |party = Janata Party |votes = 4,430 |percentage = 5.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,230 |percentage = 19.58% |change = {{increase}}9.12 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 81,924 |percentage = 65.80% |change = {{decrease}}0.41 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 77,781}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 4,143 |percentage = 5.06% |change = {{increase}}4.38 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 124,500 |ref = |change = {{increase}}40.33 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.30 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006143216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201985.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[N. M. Adyanthaya]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,846 |percentage = 54.59% |change = {{increase}}16.42 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Lokayya Shetty |party = Janata Party |votes = 25,745 |percentage = 44.13% |change = {{decrease}}17.70 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. M. Moidinabba |party = Independent politician |votes = 413 |percentage = 0.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,101 |percentage = 10.46% |change = {{decrease}}13.21 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 58,740 |percentage = 66.21% |change = {{increase}}1.55 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 58,338}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 402 |percentage = 0.68% |change = {{decrease}}0.93 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,719 |ref = |change = {{increase}}20.02 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Janata Party |swing = {{decrease}}7.24 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1983 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1983 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124742/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20Report%201983%20karnatkaa.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Lokayya Shetty |party = Janata Party |votes = 29,082 |percentage = 61.83% |change = {{increase}}31.57 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[N. M. Adyanthaya]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 17,951 |percentage = 38.17% |change = {{increase}}35.33 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,131 |percentage = 23.67% |change = {{decrease}}4.69 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 47,801 |percentage = 64.66% |change = {{decrease}}9.88 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 47,033}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 768 |percentage = 1.61% |change = {{increase}}0.11 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,922 |ref = |change = {{increase}}8.03 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}3.20 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Karnataka |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007164123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%20Karnataka%201978.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Subbayya Shetty]] |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 29,452 |percentage = 58.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = J. R. Pais |party = Janata Party |votes = 15,203 |percentage = 30.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. C. Srinivas Rao Patel |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,635 |percentage = 5.25% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. R. Shetty |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 1,428 |percentage = 2.84% |change = {{decrease}}61.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. Aithala |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,233 |percentage = 2.45% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,249 |percentage = 28.36% |change = {{decrease}}21.68 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 51,002 |percentage = 74.54% |change = {{increase}}7.97 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 50,237}}<br /> {{Election box rejected |votes = 765 |percentage = 1.50% |change = {{increase}}1.50 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,426 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.01 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}5.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006074555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisRep_Mysore_72.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[B. Subbayya Shetty]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,720 |percentage = 64.30% |change = {{increase}}25.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Rathankumar Kattemar |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 6,148 |percentage = 14.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raghunath Kotenkar |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 5,254 |percentage = 12.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Prabhakara Rai |party = Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 3,257 |percentage = 7.55% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Venkat Rao |party = Independent politician |votes = 732 |percentage = 1.70% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,572 |percentage = 50.04% |change = {{increase}}26.67 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 44,216 |percentage = 66.57% |change = {{decrease}}9.34 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 43,111}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,425 |ref = |change = {{increase}}19.68 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{increase}}2.62 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006083645/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Mysore%201967.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = P. V. Aithala |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 25,090 |percentage = 61.68% |change = {{increase}}12.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. N. Alva |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,586 |percentage = 38.32% |change = {{increase}}1.20 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,504 |percentage = 23.37% |change = {{increase}}11.59 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 42,134 |percentage = 75.91% |change = {{increase}}22.61 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 40,676}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,502 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.08 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Praja Socialist Party |swing = {{increase}}12.78 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjeevanath Aikal |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 13,148 |percentage = 48.90% |change = {{increase}}10.95 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = K. Doomappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,981 |percentage = 37.12% |change = {{decrease}}6.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Marian Pais |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,230 |percentage = 12.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sundara. B. Amin |party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 529 |percentage = 1.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,167 |percentage = 11.78% |change = {{increase}}5.78 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 28,423 |percentage = 53.30% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 26,888}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,328 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}4.96 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly By-election 1959 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1959 elections in India#Mysore|1959 Mysore State Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = K. Doomappa |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 10,019 |percentage = 43.94% |change = {{decrease}}13.06 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Aikal |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 8,652 |percentage = 37.95% |change = {{decrease}}5.05 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. H. Krishnappa |party = COM |votes = 4,128 |percentage = 18.11% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,367 |percentage = 6.00% |change = {{decrease}}8.01 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 22,799}}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}13.06 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Surathkal &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = B. R. Karkera |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,629 |percentage = 57.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sanjeevanath Aikal |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 11,789 |percentage = 43.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,840 |percentage = 14.01% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 27,418 |percentage = 51.83% |change = }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 27,418}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,903 |ref = |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Surathkal]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}} <br /> {{coord|12.998390|74.797809|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Dakshina Kannada district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]<br /> [[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Calcutta&diff=522959 2026-04-11T14:16:24Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Made New Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Distinguish|Once Upon a Time in Kolkata}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = Once Upon a Time in Calcutta.jpg<br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = [[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aditya Vikram Sengupta on his film 'Once Upon A Time In Calcutta'|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/aditya-vikram-sengupta-on-his-film-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta/cid/1824152|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | writer = [[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]]<br /> | producer = {{plainlist|<br /> *Anshulika Dubey<br /> *Priyankar Agarwal <br /> *Shashwat Singh<br /> *Aditya Vikram Sengupta &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12381206/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Jonaki Bhattacharya &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12381206/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Priyankar Patra &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12381206/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Vikram Mohanta &lt;ref&gt;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12381206/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Sreelekha Mitra]]|Arindam Ghosh|[[Anirban Chakrabarti]]|Shayak Roy|[[Rikita Nandini Shimu]]|Satrajit Sarkar|[[Bratya Basu]]}}<br /> | cinematography = [[Gökhan Tiryaki]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> | editing = [[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]]<br /> | music = Minco Eggersman<br /> | studio = For Films<br /> | distributor = [[SVF Entertainment]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|2021|09|07|[[Venice]]|df=yes|2025|02|07|India|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Aditya Vikram Sengupta’s ‘Mayanagar’ to release in theatres on February 7; trailer out |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/aditya-vikram-senguptas-film-to-release-in-theatres-on-february-7-trailer-out/cid/2080950 |access-date=6 February 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=1 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> | country = [[India]] &lt;br&gt; [[France]] &lt;br&gt; [[Norway]]<br /> | language = Bengali<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Mayanagar''''' ({{Translation|City Of Illusions}}), released internationally as '''''Once Upon A Time In Calcutta''''' is a 2021 [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; It is the third film by the Indian director and produced by Wishberry Films, in association with [[For Films]], with Catherine Dussart Productions (of France) and DUOfilm As (of Norway). The film had its world premiere at the [[78th Venice International Film Festival]] in September 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-08|title=Biennale Cinema 2021 {{!}} Once Upon a Time in Calcutta|url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/2021/lineup/orizzonti/once-upon-time-calcutta|access-date=2021-09-19|website=La Biennale di Venezia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The film stars [[Sreelekha Mitra]] as the protagonist, along with Arindam Ghosh, [[Bratya Basu]], Satrajit Sarkar, [[Anirban Chakrabarti]], [[Rikita Nandini Shimu]] and debutant Shayak Roy in supporting roles. The film was in development since 2015 and was part of the LÁtleier [[Cinéfondation|Cinefondation]] at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] before it was supported by CNC, Sorfond and NFDC Film Bazaar.<br /> <br /> Sengupta says he got the idea for the film when he took a picture of a dinosaur statue outside Kolkata's [[Science City Kolkata|Science City]], which was fast being overshadowed by the [[Maa Flyover|construction of a new flyover]] – a literal representation of a relic from the past, juxtaposed with a symbol of Kolkata's economic development. To [[Screen International|Screen Daily]], Sengupta mentions, &quot;It looked like the flyover and the dinosaur were about to start a race&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Shackleton |first=Liz |date=2021-09-05 |title=Indian filmmaker Aditya Vikram Sengupta talks Venice premiere 'Once Upon A Time In Calcutta'|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/indian-filmmaker-aditya-vikram-sengupta-talks-venice-premiere-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta/5162984.article|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt; It received two awards at [[New York Indian Film Festival]], 2022, including Best Direction for Sengupta and Best Actress for Mitra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NYIFF 2022: 'Once Upon a Time in Calcutta', 'Shoebox' win top honours |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2022/may/15/nyiff-2022-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-shoebox-win-top-honours-2453853.html |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released theatrically in India on 7 February 2025.<br /> <br /> == Synopsis ==<br /> <br /> Ela ([[Sreelekha Mitra]]), a bereaved mother, wants to leave the house of her husband and start an independent life of her own. She's the daughter of a cabaret dancer, who once had an affair with the owner of an iconic theatre in North Calcutta, called Circarena (the first revolving stage in Asia, owned by Amar Ghosh). Ela's step-brother, Bubu ([[Bratya Basu]]) lives alone in the now abandoned theatre.<br /> <br /> Unable to secure a bank loan to buy a house of her own, Ela uses her boss, owner of [[Saradha Group financial scandal|a ponzi-scheme]] to get what she wants. Soon, however, she realizes that she's not the only scavenger in a city hungry for more.<br /> <br /> The film is inspired by true events.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Once Upon A Time in Calcutta {{!}} Anupama Chopra's Review {{!}} Film Companion|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcgMqJEoJbI|language=en|access-date=2021-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> <br /> * [[Sreelekha Mitra]] as Ela<br /> * [[Bratya Basu]] as Bubu<br /> * Satrajit Sarkar as Shishir<br /> * Arindam Ghosh as Bhaskar<br /> * Shayak Roy as Raja<br /> * [[Rikita Nandini Shimu]] as Pinky<br /> * [[Anirban Chakrabarti]] as Pradipta &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was shot over a period of two and half months in Kolkata, India.{{fact|date=September 2022}}<br /> <br /> Initially, [[Fred Kelemen|Fred Keleman]] was supposed to shoot the film, which was then titled ''Memories and My Mother''. Later, [[Gökhan Tiryaki]], the collaborator of [[Nuri Bilge Ceylan]] came on board as the cinematographer.{{fact|date=September 2022}}<br /> <br /> The shoot was abruptly interrupted because the production refused to play by the rules of the Federation. The conflict arose when the Federation asked Aditya Vikram to hire its members. Generally, a film shot in Kolkata has to have approximately 70 members from the Federation in its crew. Many directors and production houses have complained that sometimes it gets too much for them to abide by this norm. &quot;They wanted us to work with their members. That wasn't possible for me as I have my own team. When I refused, the Federation president said they would not let me work in Kolkata. That is when I realised this was an unfair logic and stopped indulging in it. I found it juvenile,&quot; [[Aditya Vikram Sengupta|Aditya]] told [[The Times of India|Times of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Federation president told me I am doing illegal things and I asked him to file a case against me: Aditya Vikram Sengupta - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-federation-president-told-me-i-am-doing-illegal-things-and-i-asked-him-to-file-a-case-against-me-aditya-vikram-sengupta/articleshow/84816077.cms|access-date=2021-09-19|website=The Times of India|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jonaki Bhattacharya, who previously collaborated with Aditya on ''[[Asha Jaoar Majhe|Labour of Love]]'' and ''[[Jonaki (film)|Jonaki]]'' joined as the executive producer and the production designer. Dutch composer, Minco Eggersman, was the last to creatively come on board and scored the original soundtrack of the film.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ONCE UPON A TIME IN CALCUTTA, by ME|url=https://mincoeggersman.bandcamp.com/album/once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta|access-date=2021-09-19|website=ME}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film premiered at the [[78th Venice International Film Festival]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Sankhayan|date=2021-07-28|title=Aditya Vikram Sengupta On His Venice-Bound Once Upon A Time In Calcutta: 'This Is A Film For Everyone'|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/bengali-features/once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-bengali-movie-aditya-vikram-sengupta-on-his-venice-bound-this-is-a-film-for-everyone/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The premiere was attended by the lead actors Sreelekha Mitra and Arindam Ghosh, along with co-producers Catherine Dussart and Ingrid Lill Høgtun, and For Films producer, Priyankar Patra, who also attended the Venice Production Bridge to pitch Sengupta's next project.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-02|title=Biennale Cinema 2021 {{!}} Selected projects of the Venice Gap-Financing Market / New edition of the Book Adaptation Rights Market|url=https://www.labiennale.org/en/news/selected-projects-venice-gap-financing-market-new-edition-book-adaptation-rights-market|access-date=2021-09-19|website=La Biennale di Venezia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film had its North American premiere at the [[New Directors/New Films Festival|New Directors New Films]] [[Museum of Modern Art|MoMA]] in 2022 before screening and winning awards at other festivals in the US.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shankar's Fairies, Once Upon A Time In Calcutta to be screened at New Directors/New Films |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/30/33856/shankar-s-fairies-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-to-be-screened-at-new-directors-new-films |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609180315/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/mar/30/33856/shankar-s-fairies-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-to-be-screened-at-new-directors-new-films |url-status=live |archive-date=9 June 2022 |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=Cinestaan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews after the Venice screening.<br /> <br /> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of [[NDTV]] gave the film four out of five stars. He writes, &quot;''Once Upon A Time In Calcutta'' is a triumph. It meshes the intimate with the epic with glorious felicity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Once Upon A Time In Calcutta Review: A Portrait Of A City As A Giant Living Organism|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-review-a-portrait-of-a-city-as-a-giant-living-organism-4-stars-2533641|access-date=2021-09-19|website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Giving the film 4.5 out of 5, [[The Quint]] writes, &quot;As we concentrate on the minutiae of everyday life, the film captures with tenderness and brilliance a city in flux.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Stutee|date=2021-09-09|title=Review: 'Once Upon a Time in Calcutta' Tenderly Captures a City in Flux|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-review-aditya-vikram-sengupta-sreelekha-mitra-venice-film-festival|access-date=2021-09-19|website=TheQuint|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[The Hindu]] in its post-Venice coverage added, &quot;save ''[[Dune (2021 film)|Dune]]'' for IMAX, don't miss ''Once Upon a Time in Calcutta''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|date=2021-09-09|title=Notes from Venice Film Festival: save 'Dune' for IMAX, don't miss 'Once Upon a Time in Calcutta'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/venice-film-festival-2021-films-entertainment/article36375094.ece|access-date=2021-09-19|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; David Katz of [[Cineuropa]] gave the film a positive review, calling it &quot;a cinematic poem to contemporary Kolkata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Review: Once Upon a Time in Calcutta|url=https://www.cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/410434/|access-date=2021-09-19|last=Katz|first=David|website=[[Cineuropa]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Anupama Chopra]] praises [[Sreelekha Mitra]] in her review for Film Companion, &quot;Sreelekha plays Ela without a trace of vanity. Her circumstances might be pathetic but she certainly isn't. Instead, Aditya and Gokhan imbue her life with poetry.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Chopra|first=Anupama|date=2021-09-08|title=Once Upon A Time In Calcutta Review: A Heartbreaking Fairytale About A City That Survives|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/bengali-review/once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-movie-review-a-heartbreaking-fairytale-about-a-city-that-survives-anupama-chopra/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Film Companion|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ডাইনোসর, ক্ষুধা ও রবীন্দ্রনাথ |url=https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_82352_35140940_4_71_10-02-2025_10_i_1_sf.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=epaper.anandabazar.com |language=en-US |archive-date=26 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226124842/https://mepaper.anandabazar.com/imageview_82352_35140940_4_71_10-02-2025_10_i_1_sf.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=দিশেহারা কলকাতা শহরের এক বিধ্বস্ত এপিটাফ |url=https://robbar.in/entertainment/a-film-review-of-mayanagar/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Robbar |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Award<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Category<br /> ! Recipient<br /> ! Result<br /> ! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[El Gouna Film Festival]]<br /> |2021<br /> |NETPAC Special Mention<br /> |[[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]]<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-23 |title=Egyptian film 'Feathers' wins best Arab feature at El Gouna Film Festival |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2021/10/23/egyptian-film-feathers-wins-best-arab-feature-at-el-gouna-film-festival/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The National |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !Washington DC International Film Festival<br /> |2022<br /> |Circle Award<br /> |Aditya Vikram Sengupta<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aditya Vikram's film 'Once Upon A Time In Calcutta' bags prestigious Circle Award in US - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aditya-vikrams-film-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-bags-prestigious-circle-award-in-us/articleshow/91263943.cms |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ![[Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles]]<br /> |2022<br /> |Grand Jury Award - Best Feature Film<br /> |Aditya Vikram Sengupta<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-05-03 |title=IFFLA announces winners for 2022 edition, 'Once Upon a Time in Calcutta' bags top honour |url=https://theprint.in/features/iffla-announces-winners-for-2022-edition-once-upon-a-time-in-calcutta-bags-top-honour/941023/ |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[New York Indian Film Festival|New York Indian Film Festival Award]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022<br /> |Best Director<br /> |[[Aditya Vikram Sengupta]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actress in a Leading Role<br /> |[[Sreelekha Mitra]]<br /> |{{won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=নিউইয়র্ক ইন্ডিয়ান ফিল্ম ফেস্টিভ্যালে সেরা অভিনেত্রীর পুরস্কার পেলেন শ্রীলেখা |url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/tollywood-bengali-cinema/story/tollywood-actress-sreelekha-mitra-won-best-actress-award-new-york-indian-film-festival-once-upon-time-calcutta-rjk-374047-2022-05-15 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Aaj Tak বাংলা |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards|WBFJA Award]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2026<br /> |[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Film|Best film]]<br /> |Aditya Vikram Sengupta<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nessa |first=Naikun |title=WBFJA Awards: বাংলা সিনেমা জগতে গর্বের মুহূর্ত তৈরি করল শ্রীলেখা মিত্রের ‘মায়ানগর’ |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/entertainment/wbfja-award-mayanagar-aditya-vikram-sengupta-shrilekha-mitra-10991706 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=bengali.indianexpress.com |language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Director|Best director]]<br /> |Aditya Vikram Sengupta<br /> |{{Nominated}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[West Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Actress|Best actress in a leading role]]<br /> |Sreelekha Mitra<br /> |{{Nominated}}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|tt12381206}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2021 films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:SCUD films]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Bengali-language drama films]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Results_of_the_1996_Indian_general_election&diff=530373 2026-04-10T21:19:43Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Made A Entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> To constitute India's [[11th Lok Sabha]], general elections were held in [[1996 Indian general election|1996]].The main contenders were the Incumbent [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and their allies, the [[BJP]] and their allies and the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] led by [[Janata Dal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/96_Vol_I.pdf|title=<br /> general elections, 1996 - the eleventh lok sabha}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Results by party==<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> | thumb = right<br /> |caption='''Vote share of parties in the election'''|other=yes<br /> |value2=20.29<br /> |label2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br /> |color2={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |value1=28.80<br /> |label1=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]<br /> |color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |value3=8.08<br /> |label3=[[Janata Dal|JD]]<br /> |color3={{party color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |value4=6.12<br /> |label4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]<br /> |color4={{party color| Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |value5=4.02<br /> |label5=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]<br /> |color5={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |value6=3.28|label6=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]<br /> |color6={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |value7=2.97<br /> |label7=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]<br /> |color7={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |value8=2.19<br /> |label8=[[Tamil Maanila Congress|TMC]]<br /> |color8={{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress }}<br /> |value9=2.17<br /> |label9=[[Samata Party|SAP]]<br /> |color9={{party color|Samata Party}}<br /> |value10=2.26<br /> |label10=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]<br /> |color10={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |value11=2.14<br /> |label11=[[Shiv Sena|SHS]]<br /> |color11={{party color|Shiv Sena}} <br /> |value12=1.97<br /> |label12=[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]<br /> |color12={{party color|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |value13=1.46<br /> |label13=[[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIIC(T)]]<br /> |color13={{party color|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Election results<br /> |image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1996.svg|350px]]<br /> |party1=[[Indian National Congress (Indira)]]|votes1=96455493|seats1=140|sc1=<br /> |party2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes2=67950851|seats2=161|sc2=<br /> |party3=[[Janata Dal]]|votes3=27070340|seats3=46|sc3=<br /> |party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=20496810|seats4=32|sc4=<br /> |party5=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes5=13453235|seats5=11|sc5=<br /> |party6=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes6=10989241|seats6=17|sc6=<br /> |party7=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes7=9931826|seats7=16|sc7=<br /> |party8=[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]|votes8=7339982|seats8=20|sc8=<br /> |party9=[[Samata Party]]|votes9=7256086|seats9=8|sc9=<br /> |party10=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes10=7151381|seats10=17|sc10=<br /> |party11=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes11=6582263|seats11=12|sc11=<br /> |party12=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes12=4989994|seats12=15|sc12=<br /> |party13=[[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]]|votes13=4903070|seats13=4|sc13=<br /> |party14=[[NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)]]|votes14=3249267|seats14=0|sc14=<br /> |party15=[[Asom Gana Parishad]]|votes15=2560506|seats15=5|sc15=<br /> |party16=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes16=2534979|seats16=8|sc16=<br /> |party17=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes17=2130286|seats17=0|sc17=<br /> |party18=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes18=2105469|seats18=5|sc18=<br /> |party19=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes19=1454363|seats19=0|sc19=<br /> |party20=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes20=1287072|seats20=1|sc20=<br /> |party21=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes21=1279492|seats21=3|sc21=<br /> |party22=[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes22=1235812|seats22=0|sc22=<br /> |party23=[[Haryana Vikas Party]]|votes23=1156322|seats23=3|sc23=<br /> |party24=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes24=808065|seats24=0|sc24=<br /> |party25=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes25=757316|seats25=2|sc25=<br /> |party26=[[Janata Party]]|votes26=631021|seats26=0|sc26=<br /> |party27=[[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee|Karnataka Congress Party]]|votes27=581868|seats27=1|sc27=<br /> |party28=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes28=571910|seats28=0|sc28=<br /> |party29=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes29=437805|seats29=0|sc29=<br /> |party30=[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]|votes30=404261|seats30=0|sc30=<br /> |party31=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes31=382319|seats31=1|sc31=<br /> |party32=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes32=340070|seats32=1|sc32=<br /> |party33=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes33=339520|seats33=0|sc33=<br /> |party34=[[Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee|Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress]]|votes34=337539|seats34=1|sc34=<br /> |party35=[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]|votes35=329695|seats35=0|sc35=<br /> |party36=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes36=320539|seats36=0|sc36=<br /> |party37=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Mardi)|votes37=299055|seats37=0|sc37=<br /> |party38=[[United Minorities Front, Assam]]|votes38=244571|seats38=0|sc38=<br /> |party39=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]|votes39=222669|seats39=0|sc39=<br /> |party40=[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]|votes40=180112|seats40=1|sc40=<br /> |party41=[[Forward Bloc (Socialist)]]|votes41=172685|seats41=0|sc41=<br /> |party42=Gujarat Adijati Vikash Paksh|votes42=166003|seats42=0|sc42=<br /> |party44=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes44=129220|seats44=1|sc44=<br /> |party45=[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]|votes45=124218|seats45=1|sc45=<br /> |party46=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes46=120557|seats46=0|sc46=<br /> |party47=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes47=114406|seats47=0|sc47=<br /> |party48=Krantikari Samajwadi Manch|votes48=113975|seats48=0|sc48=<br /> |party49=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes49=111710|seats49=0|sc49=<br /> |party50=[[United Goans Democratic Party]]|votes50=109346|seats50=1|sc50=<br /> |party51=Jharkhand Party (Naren)|votes51=102111|seats51=0|sc51=<br /> |party52=Jammu &amp; Kashmir Panthers Party|votes52=99599|seats52=0|sc52=<br /> |party53=Savarn Samaj Party|votes53=84725|seats53=0|sc53=<br /> |party54=[[Jharkhand Party]]|votes54=78907|seats54=0|sc54=<br /> |party55=[[Majlis Bachao Tahreek]]|votes55=78335|seats55=0|sc55=<br /> |party56=[[Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti]]|votes56=66065|seats56=0|sc56=<br /> |party57=[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|votes57=65641|seats57=0|sc57=<br /> |party58=[[Amra Bangali]]|votes58=65595|seats58=0|sc58=<br /> |party59=Mahabharat People's Party|votes59=64266|seats59=0|sc59=<br /> |party60=[[Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha]]|votes60=60361|seats60=0|sc60=<br /> |party61=[[Jharkhand People's Party]]|votes61=58132|seats61=0|sc61=<br /> |party62=[[Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)]]|votes62=52585|seats62=0|sc62=<br /> |party63=[[Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti]]|votes63=52300|seats63=0|sc63=<br /> |party64=[[Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]|votes64=49978|seats64=0|sc64=<br /> |party65=Satya Marg Party|votes65=48056|seats65=0|sc65=<br /> |party66=[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]]|votes66=42175|seats66=0|sc66=<br /> |party67=Lok Hit Party|votes67=37127|seats67=0|sc67=<br /> |party68=[[United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front]]|votes68=34803|seats68=0|sc68=<br /> |party69=Pavitra Hindustan Kaazhagam|votes69=34147|seats69=0|sc69=<br /> |party70=[[Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)]]|votes70=33900|seats70=0|sc70=<br /> |party71=Kannada Chalevali Vatal Paksha|votes71=31136|seats71=0|sc71=<br /> |party72=Akhil Bharatiya Bhrastachar Normoolan Sena|votes72=30970|seats72=0|sc72=<br /> |party73=[[Hul Jharkhand Party]]|votes73=30220|seats73=0|sc73=<br /> |party74=Bhoomijotak Samooh|votes74=29874|seats74=0|sc74=<br /> |party75=Proutist Sarva Samaj Samiti|votes75=26403|seats75=0|sc75=<br /> |party76=Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party|votes76=25131|seats76=0|sc76=<br /> |party77=[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]|votes77=22640|seats77=0|sc77=<br /> |party78=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes78=22515|seats78=0|sc78=<br /> |party79=Anaithinthiya Thamizhaga Munnetra Kazhag|votes79=19394|seats79=0|sc79=<br /> |party80=New India Party|votes80=19135|seats80=0|sc80=<br /> |party81=Bhatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh|votes81=17744|seats81=0|sc81=<br /> |party82=[[Indian National League]]|votes82=15954|seats82=0|sc82=<br /> |party83=Jan Parishad|votes83=15112|seats83=0|sc83=<br /> |party84=Rashtriya Nayay Party|votes84=13160|seats84=0|sc84=<br /> |party85=[[Lokdal]]|votes85=11957|seats85=0|sc85=<br /> |party86=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes86=11937|seats86=0|sc86=<br /> |party87=Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)|votes87=11735|seats87=0|sc87=<br /> |party88=Mahakushal Vikas Party|votes88=11152|seats88=0|sc88=<br /> |party89=Jansatta Party|votes89=10901|seats89=0|sc89=<br /> |party90=[[Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh]]|votes90=10657|seats90=0|sc90=<br /> |party91=[[Republican Party of India (Democratic)]]|votes91=10072|seats91=0|sc91=<br /> |party92=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes92=9985|seats92=0|sc92=<br /> |party93=Pragtisheel Manav Samaj Party|votes93=9974|seats93=0|sc93=<br /> |party94=Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party|votes94=9813|seats94=0|sc94=<br /> |party95=Janhit Morcha|votes95=9404|seats95=0|sc95=<br /> |party96=[[Hindustan Janata Party]]|votes96=9208|seats96=0|sc96=<br /> |party97=Rashtriya Samajwadi Party 'pragatisheel'|votes97=8779|seats97=0|sc97=<br /> |party98=Lok Party|votes98=8758|seats98=0|sc98=<br /> |party99=Pachim Banga Rajya Muslim League|votes99=8624|seats99=0|sc99=<br /> |party100=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes100=8491|seats100=0|sc100=<br /> |party101=Akhil Bhartiya Janata Vikas Party|votes101=7726|seats101=0|sc101=<br /> |party102=Arya Sabha|votes102=7563|seats102=0|sc102=<br /> |party103=Bharatiya Jan Sabha|votes103=7338|seats103=0|sc103=<br /> |party104=Republican Presidium Party of India|votes104=7298|seats104=0|sc104=<br /> |party105=Bahujan Kranti Dal|votes105=6968|seats105=0|sc105=<br /> |party106=Political Party of National Management Service|votes106=6667|seats106=0|sc106=<br /> |party107=Rashtriya Surajya Parishad|votes107=6000|seats107=0|sc107=<br /> |party108=Samajwadi Janata Party (Maharashtra)|votes108=5784|seats108=0|sc108=<br /> |party109=Maharashtra Pradesh Krantikari Party|votes109=5765|seats109=0|sc109=<br /> |party110=Akhil Bartiya Manav Seva Dal|votes110=5673|seats110=0|sc110=<br /> |party111=National Republican Party|votes111=5271|seats111=0|sc111=<br /> |party112=Indian Democratic Party|votes112=5084|seats112=0|sc112=<br /> |party113=Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Mazdoor Dal|votes113=5075|seats113=0|sc113=<br /> |party114=Surajya Party|votes114=4917|seats114=0|sc114=<br /> |party115=[[Hindu Mahasabha]]|votes115=4720|seats115=0|sc115=<br /> |party116=Rashtriya Aikta Manch|votes116=4574|seats116=0|sc116=<br /> |party117=National Democratic Peoples Front|votes117=4462|seats117=0|sc117=<br /> |party118=[[Bolshevik Party of India]]|votes118=4345|seats118=0|sc118=<br /> |party119=Bharatiya Lok Panchayat|votes119=4018|seats119=0|sc119=<br /> |party120=Bharatiya Rashtriya Party|votes120=3724|seats120=0|sc120=<br /> |party121=Rashtriya Kisan Party|votes121=3635|seats121=0|sc121=<br /> |party122=Akhil Bharatiya Mahasand Sarvahara Krantikari Party|votes122=3552|seats122=0|sc122=<br /> |party123=Bharatiya Labour Party|votes123=3550|seats123=0|sc123=<br /> |party124=Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das|votes124=3476|seats124=0|sc124=<br /> |party125=Rashtriya Samdarshi Party|votes125=3360|seats125=0|sc125=<br /> |party126=Vijeta Party|votes126=3328|seats126=0|sc126=<br /> |party127=Satyayug Party|votes127=3319|seats127=0|sc127=<br /> |party128=Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha|votes128=3181|seats128=0|sc128=<br /> |party129=Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party|votes129=3176|seats129=0|sc129=<br /> |party130=Marxist Engelist Leninist Proletariat Health Commune|votes130=3155|seats130=0|sc130=<br /> |party131=Akhil Bharatiya Rashtriya Azad Hind Party|votes131=3152|seats131=0|sc131=<br /> |party132=Bahujan Samaj Party (Raj Bahadur)|votes132=3114|seats132=0|sc132=<br /> |party133=Socialist Party (Lohia)|votes133=3006|seats133=0|sc133=<br /> |party134=Kannada Paksha|votes134=2883|seats134=0|sc134=<br /> |party135=Bharatiya Manav Raksha Dal|votes135=2796|seats135=0|sc135=<br /> |party136=Akhil Bharatiya Dalit Utthan Party|votes136=2654|seats136=0|sc136=<br /> |party137=Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha|votes137=2295|seats137=0|sc137=<br /> |party138=Indian Secular Congress|votes138=2136|seats138=0|sc138=<br /> |party139=Bira Oriya Party|votes139=2088|seats139=0|sc139=<br /> |party140=Republican Party of India (Sivaraj)|votes140=2081|seats140=0|sc140=<br /> |party141=Bharathiya Nethaji Party|votes141=2024|seats141=0|sc141=<br /> |party142=Bharatiya Rajiv Congress|votes142=1967|seats142=0|sc142=<br /> |party143=Bharatiya Jantantrik Parishad|votes143=1867|seats143=0|sc143=<br /> |party144=Ekta Samaj Party|votes144=1852|seats144=0|sc144=<br /> |party145=Congress Of People|votes145=1850|seats145=0|sc145=<br /> |party146=[[Revolutionary Communist Party of India|Revolutionary Communist Party Of India (Rasik Bhatt)]]|votes146=1803|seats146=0|sc146=<br /> |party147=Bhartiya Ekta Party|votes147=1801|seats147=0|sc147=<br /> |party148=Shoshit Samaj Party|votes148=1684|seats148=0|sc148=<br /> |party149=Samajwadi Dal|votes149=1637|seats149=0|sc149=<br /> |party150=Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi|votes150=1477|seats150=0|sc150=<br /> |party151=Bharatiya Kranti Sena|votes151=1439|seats151=0|sc151=<br /> |party152=Indian Democratic People's Party|votes152=1438|seats152=0|sc152=<br /> |party153=Ekta Krandi Dal U.P.|votes153=1409|seats153=0|sc153=<br /> |party154=Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party|votes154=1376|seats154=0|sc154=<br /> |party155=Sarvadharam Party (Madhya Pradesh)|votes155=1327|seats155=0|sc155=<br /> |party156=People's Democratic League of India|votes156=1276|seats156=0|sc156=<br /> |party157=Punjab Vikas Party (Punjab)|votes157=1185|seats157=0|sc157=<br /> |party158=Desh Bhakt Party|votes158=1148|seats158=0|sc158=<br /> |party159=Sabjan Party|votes159=1120|seats159=0|sc159=<br /> |party160=Akhil Bharatiya Lok Tantrik Alp-Sankhyak Jan Morcha|votes160=1111|seats160=0|sc160=<br /> |party161=Kisan Vyawasayee Mazdoor Party|votes161=1056|seats161=0|sc161=<br /> |party162=Pratap Shiv Sena|votes162=1049|seats162=0|sc162=<br /> |party163=Adarsh Lok Dal|votes163=1037|seats163=0|sc163=<br /> |party164=Gareebjan Samaj Party|votes164=962|seats164=0|sc164=<br /> |party165=Akhil Bharatiya Dharmnirpeksh Dal|votes165=894|seats165=0|sc165=<br /> |party166=All India Azad Hind Mazdur &amp; Jan Kalyan Party|votes166=883|seats166=0|sc166=<br /> |party167=Bahujan Loktantrik Party|votes167=857|seats167=0|sc167=<br /> |party168=Socialist Party (Ramakant Pandey)|votes168=848|seats168=0|sc168=<br /> |party169=Manav Sewa Sangh|votes169=841|seats169=0|sc169=<br /> |party170=Bharatiya Samajwadi Vikas Party|votes170=805|seats170=0|sc170=<br /> |party171=Akhil Bhartiya Rajarya Sabha|votes171=787|seats171=0|sc171=<br /> |party172=Indian Union Muslim League (IUML)|votes172=786|seats172=0|sc172=<br /> |party173=[[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]]|votes173=724|seats173=0|sc173=<br /> |party174=Ambedkar Kranti Dal|votes174=667|seats174=0|sc174=<br /> |party175=Bhartiya Jan Kisan Party|votes175=633|seats175=0|sc175=<br /> |party176=Mahabharath Mahajan Sabha|votes176=572|seats176=0|sc176=<br /> |party177=Bharatiya Samaj Sangathan Morcha|votes177=535|seats177=0|sc177=<br /> |party178=Rashtriya Bharat Nav Nirman Sangathan|votes178=528|seats178=0|sc178=<br /> |party179=Samajik Kranti Dal|votes179=522|seats179=0|sc179=<br /> |party180=Rashtriya Krantikari Dal|votes180=520|seats180=0|sc180=<br /> |party181=Bharat Jan Party|votes181=505|seats181=0|sc181=<br /> |party182=Hind National Party|votes182=496|seats182=0|sc182=<br /> |party183=Sachet Bharat Party|votes183=470|seats183=0|sc183=<br /> |party184=Bhartiya Azad Party|votes184=457|seats184=0|sc184=<br /> |party185=Bhrishtachar Virodhi Dal|votes185=434|seats185=0|sc185=<br /> |party186=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Ballabh Vyas)|votes186=428|seats186=0|sc186=<br /> |party187=Tamil Nadu Hindu Vellalar Youth Kazhagam|votes187=422|seats187=0|sc187=<br /> |party188=Pragati Sheel Party|votes188=407|seats188=0|sc188=<br /> |party189=Socialist League of India|votes189=384|seats189=0|sc189=<br /> |party190=United Indian Democratic Council|votes190=374|seats190=0|sc190=<br /> |party191=Rashtriya Samaj Sevak Dal|votes191=348|seats191=0|sc191=<br /> |party192=Akhil Bhartiya Kisan Mazdoor Morcha|votes192=345|seats192=0|sc192=<br /> |party193=Hindu Praja Party|votes193=332|seats193=0|sc193=<br /> |party194=Janata Kranti Congress|votes194=324|seats194=0|sc194=<br /> |party195=Mukt Bharat|votes195=295|seats195=0|sc195=<br /> |party196=Jan Swarajya Party|votes196=278|seats196=0|sc196=<br /> |party197=Gujarat Janta Parishad|votes197=266|seats197=0|sc197=<br /> |party198=Bharat Pensioner's Front|votes198=231|seats198=0|sc198=<br /> |party199=Bharatiya Parivartan Morcha|votes199=231|seats199=0|sc199=<br /> |party200=All India Democratic People Federation|votes200=195|seats200=0|sc200=<br /> |party201=Akhil Bharatiya Jagrook Nagrik Dal|votes201=176|seats201=0|sc201=<br /> |party202=Federation of Sabhas|votes202=142|seats202=0|sc202=<br /> |party203=Hind Kisan Mazdoor Party|votes203=131|seats203=0|sc203=<br /> |party204=Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress|votes204=124|seats204=0|sc204=<br /> |party205=Kranti Dal|votes205=112|seats205=0|sc205=<br /> |party206=Jan Ekata Morcha|votes206=94|seats206=0|sc206=<br /> |party207=Bharatiya Sarvkalyan Krantidal|votes207=89|seats207=0|sc207=<br /> |party208=Manav Samaj Party|votes208=74|seats208=0|sc208=<br /> |party209=Labour Party of India (V.V. Prasad)|votes209=68|seats209=0|sc209=<br /> |party210=Bharatiya Rashtrawadi Dal|votes210=53|seats210=0|sc210=<br /> |party211=Independents|votes211=21041557|seats211=9|sc211=<br /> |row212=Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]|seats212=2<br /> |invalid=8434804<br /> |electorate=592572288<br /> |source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4123-general-election-1996-vol-i-ii/ ECI]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Results by state==<br /> ===Andaman and Nicobar Islands(1) ===<br /> {| style=&quot;width:88%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:10%;&quot; |'''INC (1)'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Name of the Party<br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Seats won<br /> !Vote <br /> !Vote share<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |74642<br /> |58.22%&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ceomadhyapradesh.nic.in/Links/Books/96_Vol_I.pdf|title=<br /> general elections, 1996 - the eleventh lok sabha}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |31097<br /> |24.25%&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Andhra Pradesh(25)===<br /> {| style=&quot;width:88%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:DeepSkyBlue; width:52%;&quot; |'''INC (22)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFFF00;width:37%;color:black;&quot;|'''TDP(16)'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};width:5%;&quot;|'''CPI(2)'''<br /> |style=&quot;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};width:3%;&quot;|'''CPIM(1)''' <br /> |style=&quot;background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};width:3%;&quot;|'''AIMIM(1)'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Name of the party<br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Seats won<br /> !Vote <br /> !Vote share<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |42<br /> |22<br /> |12087596<br /> |39.66%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Telugu Desam Party]]<br /> |36<br /> |16<br /> |9931826<br /> |32.59%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Communist Party of India]]<br /> |3<br /> |2<br /> |728536<br /> |2.39%<br /> |- <br /> |[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |340070<br /> |1.12%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br /> |3<br /> |1<br /> |888036<br /> |2.91%<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Arunachal Pradesh(2)===<br /> {| style=&quot;width:88%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:10%;&quot; |'''IND (2)'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {|class = &quot;wikitable sotable&quot;<br /> !Name of the party<br /> !Seat contested<br /> !Seat won<br /> !Vote<br /> !Vote share <br /> |-<br /> |[[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /> |6<br /> |2<br /> |157738<br /> |53.75%<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Assam(14)===<br /> {| style=&quot;width:88%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:36%;&quot; |'''INC (5)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|[[Asom Gana Parishad]]}}; width:36%;&quot; |'''AGP (5)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''CPIM (1)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|BJP}}; width:10%;&quot; |'''BJP (1)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''INDEPENDENTS (1)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Autonomous State Demand Committee}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''ASDC (1)'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> {|class = wikitable sortable<br /> |-<br /> !Name of the party <br /> !Seats contested<br /> !Seats won <br /> !Vote<br /> !Vote share<br /> |-<br /> |[[Asom Gana Parishad]]<br /> |11<br /> |5<br /> |2560506<br /> |27.17<br /> |-<br /> |[[Indian National Congress]]<br /> |14<br /> |5<br /> |2981700<br /> |31.64<br /> |-<br /> |[[Independent politician|Independents]]<br /> |65<br /> |1<br /> |1103300<br /> |11.71<br /> |-<br /> |[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |180112<br /> |1.91<br /> |-<br /> |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] <br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |371154<br /> |3.94<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br /> |14<br /> |1<br /> |150080<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bihar(54)===<br /> {| style=&quot;width:88%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |+<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:36%;&quot; |'''INC (2)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}; width:36%;&quot; |'''JD (22)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''CPI (3)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|BJP}}; width:10%;&quot; |'''BJP (18)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Samata Party}}; width:10%;&quot; |'''SAP (6)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''INDEPENDENTS (1)'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}; width:7%;&quot; |'''SP (1)'''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Chandigarh(1)===<br /> <br /> ===Dadra And Nagar Haveli===<br /> ===Daman And Diu===<br /> ===Goa===<br /> ===Gujarat===<br /> ===Himachal Pradesh===<br /> <br /> Congress won 3 setas<br /> <br /> ==Results by constituency==<br /> ===Andhra Pradesh===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Srikakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srikakulam]] || GEN || [[Yerrannaidu Kinjarapu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Parvathipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parvathipuram]] || ST || Pradeep Kumar Dev Vyricherla || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Bobbili (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bobbili]] || GEN || [[Kondapalli Pydithalli Naidu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Visakhapatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Visakhapatnam]] || GEN || [[T. Subbarami Reddy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Bhadrachalam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrachalam]] || ST || | [[Sode Ramaiah]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Anakapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anakapalli]] || GEN || [[Chintakayala Ayyanna Patrudu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Kakinada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kakinada]] || GEN || [[Gopal Krishna Thota]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajahmundry]] || GEN || Ravindra Chitturi || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Amalapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amalapuram]] || SC || | [[K. S. R. Murthy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Narasapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasapur]] || GEN || [[Kothapalli Subbarayudu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency)|Eluru]] || GEN || [[Bolla Bulli Ramaiah]] <br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Machilipatnam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machilipatnam]] || GEN || [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]]<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]] || GEN || [[Upendra Parvathaneni]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Tenali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenali]] || GEN || [[Sarada Tadiparthi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guntur]] || GEN || [[Rayapati Sambasiva Rao]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Bapatla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bapatla]] || GEN || [[Ummareddy Venkateswarlu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Narasaraopet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Narasaraopet]] || GEN || [[Sydaiah Kota]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ongole]] || GEN || [[Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nellore]] || SC || [[Panabaka Lakshmi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Tirupathi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirupathi]] || SC || [[Nelavala Subrahmanyam]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittoor]] || GEN || [[Nuthanakalva Ramakrishna Reddy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]] || GEN || | [[Sai Prathap Annayyagari]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Cuddapah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddapah]] || GEN || [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Hindupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hindupur]] || GEN || | [[S. Ramachandra Reddy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Anantapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantapur]] || GEN || [[Anantha Venkatarami Reddy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Kurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurnool]] || GEN || [[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]] || GEN || [[Bhuma Nagi Reddy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]] || SC || [[Manda Jagannath]] <br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Mahabubnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubnagar]] || GEN || [[Mallikarjun Goud]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]] || GEN || [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]] || GEN || | [[P. V. Rajeshwar Rao]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Siddipet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siddipet]] || SC || [[Nandi Yellaiah]] <br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]] || GEN ||| [[M. Baga Reddy]]<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]] || GEN || Atmacharan Reddy <br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]] || GEN || [[Samudrala Venugopal Chary]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]] || SC || [[G. Venkat Swamy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]] || GEN || [[L. Ramana|L. Gandula Ramana]] || {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Hanamkonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hanamkonda]] || GEN || [[Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)|Kamaluddin Ahmed]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]] || GEN || [[Azmeera Chandulal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Telugu Desam Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]] || GEN || [[Veerabhadram Tammineni]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 41 || [[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]] || GEN || [[Bommagani Dharma Bhiksham]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 42 || [[Miryalguda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Miryalguda]] || GEN || Baddam Narsimha Reddy ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Arunachal Pradesh===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Arunachal West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal West]] || GEN || [[Tomo Riba]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Arunachal East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arunachal East]] || GEN || [[Wangcha Rajkumar]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Assam===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]] || SC || [[Dwaraka Nath Das]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janta Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Silchar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Silchar]] || GEN || [[Santosh Mohan Dev]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Autonomous District (Lok Sabha constituency)|Autonomous District]] || ST || [[Jayanta Rongpi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Autonomous State Demand Committee}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhubri]] || GEN || [[Nurul Islam (Assam politician)|Nurul Islam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Kokrajhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kokrajhar]] || ST || [[Louis Islary]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barpeta]] || GEN || [[Uddabh Barman]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]] || GEN || [[Prabin Chandra Sarma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]] || GEN || [[Birendra Prasad Baishya]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Tezpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tezpur]] || GEN || [[Iswar Prasanna Hazarika]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Nowgong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nowgong]] || GEN || [[Muhi Ram Saikia]] || {{Full party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaliabor]] || GEN || [[Keshab Mahanta]] <br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Jorhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jorhat]] || GEN || [[Bijoy Krishna Handique]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Dibrugarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dibrugarh]] || GEN || [[Paban Singh Ghatowar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Lakhimpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakhimpur]] || GEN || [[Arun Kumar Sarma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Asom Gana Parishad}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bihar===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Bagaha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagaha]] || SC || [[Mahendra Baitha]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Bettiah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bettiah]] || GEN || [[Madan Prasad Jaiswal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Motihari (Lok Sabha constituency)|Motihari]] || GEN || [[Radha Mohan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gopalganj]] || GEN || [[Lal Babu Prasad Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Siwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Siwan]] || GEN || [[Mohammad Shahabuddin (Indian politician)|Mohammad Shahabuddin]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Maharajganj (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]] || GEN || [[Ram Bahadur Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|Samajwadi Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Chapra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chapra]] || GEN || [[Rajiv Pratap Rudy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]] || SC || [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (Secular)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]] || GEN || [[Raghuvansh Prasad Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Muzaffarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarpur]] || GEN || [[Jai Narain Prasad Nishad]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal (United)|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitamarhi]] || GEN || [[Nawal Kishore Rai]] <br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Sheohar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sheohar]] || GEN || [[Anand Mohan Singh|Anand Mohan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Madhubani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhubani]] || GEN || [[Chaturanan Mishra]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Jhanjharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhanjharpur]] || GEN || [[Devendra Prasad Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Darbhanga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darbhanga]] || GEN || [[Mohammad Ali Ashraf Fatmi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Rosera (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rosera]] || SC || [[Pitambar Paswan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Samastipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Samastipur]] || GEN || [[Ajit Kumar Mehta]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Barh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barh]] || GEN || [[Nitish Kumar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Balia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balia]] || GEN || [[Shatrughan Prasad Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Saharsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharsa]] || GEN || [[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]] || GEN || [[Sharad Yadav]] <br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Araria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Araria]] || SC || [[Sukdeo Paswan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]] || GEN || [[Mohammed Taslimuddin|Taslimuddin]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Purnea (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnea]] || GEN || [[Pappu Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]] || GEN || [[Tariq Anwar (politician)|Tariq Anwar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Rajmahal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajmahal]] || ST || [[Thomas Hansda]] <br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Dumka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dumka]] || ST || [[Shibu Soren]] || {{Full party name with colour|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]] || GEN || [[Jagadambi Prasad Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Banka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banka]] || GEN || [[Giridhari Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhagalpur]] || GEN || [[Chunchun Prasad Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Khagaria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khagaria]] || GEN || [[Anil Kumar Yadav (politician, born 1956)|Anil Kumar Yadav]] <br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Monghyr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Monghyr]] || GEN || [[Brahmanand Mandal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Begusarai]] || GEN || [[Ramendra Kumar (politician)|Ramendra Kumar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Nalanda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalanda]] || GEN || [[George Fernandes]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Patna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna]] || GEN || [[Ram Kripal Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Arrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arrah]] || GEN || [[Chandradeo Prasad Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Buxar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buxar]] || GEN || [[Lalmuni Chaubey]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sasaram]] || SC || [[Muni Lall]] <br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Bikramganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikramganj]] || GEN || [[Kanti Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Aurangabad (Bihar Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]] || GEN || [[Virendra Kumar Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 41 || [[Jahanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jahanabad]] || GEN || [[Ramashray Prasad Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 42 || [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]] || SC || [[Kameshwar Paswan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 43 || [[Gaya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gaya]] || SC || [[Bhagwati Devi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 44 || [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] || GEN || [[Dhirendra Agarwal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=11}}<br /> |-<br /> | 45 || [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]] || GEN || [[R.L.P. Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 46 || [[Giridih (Lok Sabha constituency)|Giridih]] || GEN || [[Ravindra Kumar Pandey]] <br /> |-<br /> | 47 || [[Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhanbad]] || GEN || [[Rita Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 48 || [[Hazaribagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hazaribagh]] || GEN || |[[M. L. Vishwakarma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 49 || [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]] || GEN || [[Ram Tahal Choudhary]] <br /> |-<br /> | 50 || [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamshedpur]] || GEN || [[Nitish Bharadwaj]] <br /> |-<br /> | 51 || [[Singhbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Singhbhum]] || ST || [[Chitrasen Sinku]] <br /> |-<br /> | 52 || [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]] || ST || [[Kariya Munda]] <br /> |-<br /> | 53 || [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] || ST || [[Lalit Oraon]] <br /> |-<br /> | 54 || [[Palamau (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palamau]] || SC || [[Braj Mohan Ram]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Goa===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Panaji (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panaji]] || GEN || [[Ramakant Khalap]] || {{Full party name with colour|Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Mormugao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mormugao]] || GEN || [[Churchill Alemao]] || {{Full party name with colour|United Goans Democratic Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Gujarat===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Kutch (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kutch]] || GEN || [[Pushpdan Shambhudan Gadhavi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Surendranagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surendranagar]] || GEN || [[Sanat Mehta]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Jamnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jamnagar]] || GEN || [[Chandresh Patel Kordia]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=12}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Rajkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajkot]] || GEN || [[Vallabhbhai Kathiria]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Porbandar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Porbandar]] || GEN || [[Gordhanbhai Javia]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Junagadh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Junagadh]] || GEN || [[Bhavna Chikhalia]] <br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Amreli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amreli]] || GEN || [[Dileep Sanghani]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Bhavnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhavnagar]] || GEN || [[Rajendrasinh Rana]]<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Dhandhuka (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhandhuka]] || SC || [[Ratilal Kalidas Varma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Ahmedabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmedabad]] || GEN || [[Harin Pathak]] <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 11 ||rowspan=2| [[Gandhinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gandhinagar]] ||rowspan=2| GEN || [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[Vijay Patel (politician)|Vijaybhai Patel]] (By Poll)<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Mehsana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mehsana]] || GEN || [[A.K. Patel]] <br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Patan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patan]] || SC || [[Mahesh Kanodia]] <br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Banaskantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banaskantha]] || GEN || [[B.K. Gadhvi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]] || GEN || [[Nisha Chaudhary]] <br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Kapadvanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kapadvanj]] || GEN || [[Jaysinhji Chauhan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Dohad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dohad]] || ST || [[Damor Somjibhai Punjabhai]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Godhra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godhra]] || GEN || [[Shantilal Patel]] <br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Kaira (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaira]] || GEN || [[Dinsha Patel]] <br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Anand (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anand]] || GEN || [[Ishwarbhai Chavda]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Chhota Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhota Udaipur]] || ST || [[Naranbhai Rathwa]] <br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Baroda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baroda]] || GEN || [[Satyajitsinh Gaekwad]] <br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Broach (Lok Sabha constituency)|Broach]] || GEN || [[Chandubhai Deshmukh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]] || GEN || [[Kashiram Rana]] <br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Mandvi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandvi]] || ST || [[Chhitubhai Gamit]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Bulsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulsar]] || ST || [[Manibhai Chaudhary]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Haryana===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Ambala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ambala]] || SC || [[Suraj Bhan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Kurukshetra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kurukshetra]] || GEN || [[O.P. Jindal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Haryana Vikas Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Karnal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karnal]] || GEN || [[Ishwar Dayal Swami]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Sonepat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sonepat]] || GEN || [[Arvind Kumar Sharma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] || GEN || [[Bhupinder Singh Hooda]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Faridabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridabad]] || GEN || [[Chaudhary Ramchandra Baindra]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Mahendragarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahendragarh]] || GEN || [[Rao Ram Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Bhiwani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhiwani]] || GEN || [[Surender Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Haryana Vikas Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Hissar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hissar]] || GEN || [[Jai Prakash]] <br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Sirsa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sirsa]] || SC || [[Selja Kumari]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Himachal Pradesh===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Simla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Simla]] || SC || [[Krishan Dutt Sultanpuri]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Mandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandi]] || GEN || [[Sukh Ram]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]] || GEN || [[Sat Mahajan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]] || GEN || [[Bikram Singh (politician)|Bikram Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Jammu &amp; Kashmir===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Baramulla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramulla]] || GEN || [[Ghulam Rasool Kar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Srinagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Srinagar]] || GEN || [[Ghulam Mohammad Mir (politician)|Ghulam Mohammad Mir]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Anantnag (Lok Sabha constituency)|Anantnag]] || GEN || |[[Maqbool Dar|Mohammad Maqbool Dar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Ladakh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ladakh]] || GEN || [[Phuntsog Namgyal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]] || GEN || [[Chaman Lal Gupta]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Jammu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jammu]] || GEN || [[Mangat Ram Sharma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Karnataka===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Bidar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bidar]] || SC || [[Ramchandra Veerappa]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gulbarga]] || GEN || [[Qamar ul Islam]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Raichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raichur]] || GEN || [[Raja Rangappa Naik]] <br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Koppal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koppal]] || GEN || [[Basavaraj Rayareddy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Bellary (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bellary]] || GEN || [[K.C. Kondaiah]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Davangere (Lok Sabha constituency)|Davangere]] || GEN || [[G. M. Siddeshwara]]||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Chitradurga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chitradurga]] || GEN || Puli Kodandaramaiah ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Tumkur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tumkur]] || GEN || [[C. N. Bhaskarappa]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Chikballapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikballapur]] || GEN || [[R.L. Jalappa]] <br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Kolar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolar]] || SC || [[K.H. Muniyappa]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Kanakapura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanakapura]] || GEN || [[H. D. Kumaraswamy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore North]] || GEN || [[C. Narayanaswamy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bangalore South]] || GEN || [[Ananth Kumar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Mandya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandya]] || GEN || [[Ambareesh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Chamarajanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chamarajanagar]] || SC || [[Siddaraju A.]] <br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Mysore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mysore]] || GEN || [[Srikanta Datta Narsimharaja Wodeyar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangalore]] || GEN || [[Dhananjay Kumar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Udupi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udupi]] || GEN || [[Oscar Fernandes]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Hassan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hassan]] || GEN || [[Rudresh Gowda]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Chikmagalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikmagalur]] || GEN || B. L. Shankar <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Shimoga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimoga]] || GEN || [[S. Bangarappa]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Kanara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanara]] || GEN || [[Ananth Kumar Hegde]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Dharwad South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad South]] || GEN || Imam Sanadi ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Dharwad North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharwad North]] || GEN || [[Vijay Sankeshwar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Belgaum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Belgaum]] || GEN || Shivanand Hemappa Koujalgi ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Chikkodi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chikkodi]] || SC || |[[Ratnamala Savanur|Ratnamala D. Savanoor]] <br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Bagalkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bagalkot]] || GEN || [[H. Y. Meti]] <br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Bijapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijapur]] || GEN || [[Basangouda Patil Yatnal]]||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Kerala===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Kasaragod (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasaragod]] || GEN || [[T. Govindan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Cannanore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cannanore]] || GEN || [[Mullappally Ramachandran]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Vatakara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vatakara]] || GEN || [[O. Bharathan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Calicut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calicut]] || GEN || [[M.P. Veerendra Kumar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Manjeri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Manjeri]] || GEN || [[E. Ahamed]] || {{Full party name with colour|Muslim League Kerala State Committee|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ponnani]] || GEN || [[G. M. Banatwalla]] <br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Palghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palghat]] || GEN || [[N. N. Krishnadas]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Ottapalam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ottapalam]] || SC || [[S. Ajaya Kumar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Trichur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Trichur]] || GEN || [[V.V. Raghavan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Mukundapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mukundapuram]] || GEN || [[P. C. Chacko]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Ernakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ernakulam]] || GEN || [[Xavier Arakkal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Muvattupuzha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muvattupuzha]] || GEN || [[P. C. Thomas]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Kerala Congress (Mani)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Kottayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kottayam]] || GEN || [[P. J. Kurien]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Idukki]] || GEN || [[A.C. Jose]] <br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Alleppey (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alleppey]] || GEN || [[V. M. Sudheeran]]<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Mavelikara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mavelikara]] || GEN || [[Ramesh Chennithala]] <br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Adoor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adoor]] || SC || [[Kodikunnil Suresh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Quilon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Quilon]] || GEN || [[N. K. Premachandran]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Chirayinkil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chirayinkil]] || GEN || [[A. Sampath]]||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Trivandrum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Trivandrum]] || GEN || [[K. V. Surendranath|K.V. Surendra Nath]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Madhya Pradesh===<br /> <br /> &lt;br /&gt;BJP: 28 seats out of 40; Congress: 9 seats.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Morena (Lok Sabha constituency)|Morena]] || SC || [[Ashok Chhaviram Argal|Ashok Chhabiram]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Bhind (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhind]] || GEN || [[Dr. Ramlakhan Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Gwalior (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gwalior]] || GEN || [[Madhavrao Scindia]] || {{Full party name with colour|Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Guna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Guna]] || GEN || [[Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Sagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sagar]] || SC || [[Virendra Kumar Khatik|Virendra Kumar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]] || GEN || [[Uma Bharti]] <br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Damoh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Damoh]] || GEN || [[Ramkrishna Kusmaria|Dr. Ramakrishna Kusmaria]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]] || GEN || [[Sukhlal Kushwaha]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Rewa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rewa]] || GEN || [[Budhsen Patel]] <br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Sidhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sidhi]] || ST || [[Tilak Raj Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Shahdol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahdol]] || ST || [[Gyan Singh (Indian politician)|Gyan Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Surguja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surguja]] || ST || [[Khelsai Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Raigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raigarh]] || ST || [[Nand Kumar Sai]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Janjgir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir]] || GEN || [[Manharan Lal Pandey]] <br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Bilaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilaspur]] || SC || [[Punnulal Mohle]] <br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Sarangarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sarangarh]] || SC || [[Paras Ram Bhardwaj]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Raipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raipur]] || GEN || [[Ramesh Bais]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Mahasamund (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahasamund]] || GEN || [[Pawan Diwan]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Kanker (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanker]] || ST || [[Chhabila Netam]] <br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]] || ST || [[Mahendra Karma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Durg (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durg]] || GEN || [[Tarachand Sahu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Rajnandgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajnandgaon]] || GEN || [[Ashok Sharma (politician)|Ashok Sharma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Balaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balaghat]] || GEN || [[Vishweshar Bhagat]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Mandla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandla]] || ST || [[Faggan Singh Kulaste]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Jabalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jabalpur]] || GEN || [[Baburao Paranjpe]] <br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Seoni (Lok Sabha constituency)|Seoni]] || GEN || [[Prahlad Singh Patel]]<br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Chhindwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chhindwara]] || GEN || [[Alka Nath]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Betul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Betul]] || GEN || [[Vijay Kumar Khandelwal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Hoshangabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshangabad]] || GEN || [[Sartaj Singh (politician)|Sartaj Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]] || GEN || [[Sushil Chandra Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]] || GEN || [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Rajgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajgarh]] || GEN || [[Lakshman Singh (politician)|Lakshman Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Shajapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shajapur]] || SC || [[Thawar Chand Gehlot]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Khandwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khandwa]] || GEN || [[Nand Kumar Singh Chauhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Khargone (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khargone]] || GEN || [[Rameshwar Patidar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Dhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhar]] || ST || [[Chhatar Singh Darbar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Indore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Indore]] || GEN || [[Sumitra Mahajan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujjain]] || SC || [[Satyanarayan Jatiya]] <br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Jhabua (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhabua]] || ST || [[Dileep Singh Bhuria]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Mandsaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mandsaur]] || GEN || [[Dr. Laxminarayan Pandey]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Maharashtra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Rajapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajapur]] || GEN || [[Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Ratnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ratnagiri]] || GEN || [[Anant Geete]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Kolaba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolaba]] || GEN || [[A. R. Antulay]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Mumbai South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South]] || GEN || [[Jayawantiben Mehta]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai South Central]] || GEN || [[Mohan Rawale]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North Central]] || GEN || [[Narayan Athawalay]] <br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North East]] || GEN || [[Pramod Mahajan]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Mumbai North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North West]] || GEN || [[Madhukar Sarpotdar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Mumbai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mumbai North]] || GEN || [[Ram Naik]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Thane (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thane]] || GEN || [[Paranjape Prakash Vishvanath]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Dahanu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dahanu]] || ST || [[Chintaman Navsha Wanaga]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Nashik (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nashik]] || GEN || [[Rajaram Godse]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Malegaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malegaon]] || ST || [[Kachru Raut]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Dhule (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhule]] || ST || [[Sahebrao Bagul]] <br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Nandurbar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandurbar]] || ST || [[Manikrao Hodlya Gavit]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Erandol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Erandol]] || GEN || [[Annasaheb M. K. Patil]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Jalgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalgaon]] || GEN || [[Gunawant Sarode]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Buldhana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Buldhana]] || SC || [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Akola (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akola]] || GEN || [[Bhausaheb Phundkar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Washim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Washim]] || GEN || [[Pundalikrao Ramji Gawali]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amravati]] || GEN || [[Anant Gudhe]] <br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Ramtek (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramtek]] || GEN || [[Datta Meghe]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Nagpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagpur]] || GEN || [[Banwarilal Purohit]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Bhandara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara]] || GEN || [[Praful Patel]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chimur]] || GEN || [[Namdeo Harbaji Diwathe]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Chandrapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandrapur]] || GEN || [[Hansraj Gangaram Ahir]] <br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wardha]] || GEN || [[Vijay Mude]] <br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Yavatmal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Yavatmal]] || GEN || [[Rajabhau Thakre]]<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Hingoli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hingoli]] || GEN || [[Shivaji Mane]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Nanded (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nanded]] || GEN || [[Gangadhar Kunturkar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Parbhani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Parbhani]] || GEN || [[Suresh Jadhav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]] || GEN || [[Uttamsingh Pawar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad]] || GEN || [[Pradeep Jaiswal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Beed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Beed]] || GEN || [[Rajani Patil]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Latur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Latur]] || GEN || [[Shivraj Patil]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Osmanabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Osmanabad]] || SC || [[Shivaji Kamble]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Solapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Solapur]] || GEN || [[Lingraj Valyal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Pandharpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pandharpur]] || SC || [[Sandipan Thorat]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Ahmednagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ahmednagar]] || GEN || [[Maruti Shelke]] <br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Kopargaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kopargaon]] || GEN || [[Bhimrao Badade]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 41 || [[Khed (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khed]] || GEN || [[Nivrutti Sherkar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 42 || [[Pune (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pune]] || GEN || [[Suresh Kalmadi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 43 || [[Baramati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baramati]] || GEN || [[Sharad Pawar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 44 || [[Satara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satara]] || GEN || [[Hindurao Naik-Nimbalkar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiv Sena}}<br /> |-<br /> | 45 || [[Karad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karad]] || GEN || [[Prithviraj Chavan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 46 || [[Sangli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangli]] || GEN || [[Madan Patil]] <br /> |-<br /> | 47 || [[Ichalkaranji (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ichalkaranji]] || GEN || [[Kallappa Awade]] <br /> |-<br /> | 48 || [[Kolhapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolhapur]] || GEN || [[Udaysingrao Gaikwad]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Manipur===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Inner Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Inner Manipur]] || GEN || [[Th. Chaoba Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]] || ST || [[Meijinlung Kamson]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Meghalaya===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Shillong (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shillong]] || GEN || [[G.G. Swell]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]] || GEN || [[Purno Agitok Sangma]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Mizoram===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram]] || ST || [[C. Silvera]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Nagaland===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland]] || GEN || [[Imchalemba]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Odisha===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Mayurbhanj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayurbhanj]] || ST || [[Sushila Tiriya]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balasore]] || GEN || [[Kartik Mohapatra]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Bhadrak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhadrak]] || SC || [[Muralidhar Jena]] <br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Jajpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jajpur]] || SC || [[Anchal Das]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]] || GEN || [[Srikanta Kumar Jena]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Cuttack (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuttack]] || GEN || [[Anadi Charan Sahu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Jagatsinghpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jagatsinghpur]] || GEN || [[Ranjib Biswal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Puri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Puri]] || GEN || [[Pinaki Misra]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhubaneswar]] || GEN || [[Soumya Ranjan Patnaik]]<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]] || GEN || [[Biju Patnaik]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampur]] || GEN || [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Koraput (Lok Sabha constituency)|Koraput]] || ST || [[Giridhar Gamang]] <br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Nowrangpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nowrangpur]] || ST || [[Khagapati Pradhani]] <br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Kalahandi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalahandi]] || GEN || [[Bhakta Charan Das]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Phulbani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulbani]] || SC || [[Mrutyunjaya Nayak]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]] || GEN || [[Sarat Pattanayak]] <br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Sambalpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambalpur]] || GEN || [[Krupasindhu Bhoi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Deogarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deogarh]] || GEN || [[Sriballav Panigrahi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Dhenkanal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dhenkanal]] || GEN || [[Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo]] <br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Sundargarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sundargarh]] || ST || [[Frida Topno]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]] || ST || [[Madhaba Sardar]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Punjab===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Gurdaspur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurdaspur]] || GEN || [[Sukhbuns Kaur]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Amritsar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amritsar]] || GEN || [[Raghunandan Lal Bhatia]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Tarn Taran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tarn Taran]] || GEN || [[Major Singh Uboke]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Jullundur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jullundur]] || GEN || [[Darbara Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Phillaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phillaur]] || SC || [[Harbahjan Lakha]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Hoshiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hoshiarpur]] || GEN || [[Kanshi Ram]] <br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Ropar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ropar]] || SC || [[Basant Singh Khalsa]] || {{Full party name with colour|Shiromani Akali Dal|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]] || GEN || [[Prem Singh Chandumajra]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Ludhiana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ludhiana]] || GEN || [[Amrik Singh Aliwal]]<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Sangrur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sangrur]] || GEN || [[Surjit Singh Barnala]] <br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Bhatinda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhatinda]] || SC || [[Harinder Singh Khalsa]] <br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Faridkot (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faridkot]] || GEN || [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Ferozepur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ferozepur]] || GEN || [[Mohan Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Rajasthan===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Ganganagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ganganagar]] || SC || [[Nihalchand Chauhan]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Bikaner (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bikaner]] || GEN || [[Mahendra Singh Bhati]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Churu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Churu]] || GEN || [[Narendra Budania]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Jhunjhunu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhunjhunu]] || GEN || [[Sis Ram Ola]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIICT}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Sikar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikar]] || GEN || [[Hari Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Jaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaipur]] || GEN || [[Girdhari Lal Bhargava]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Dausa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dausa]] || GEN || [[Rajesh Pilot]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alwar]] || GEN || [[Nawal Kishore Sharma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Bharatpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bharatpur]] || GEN || [[Maharani Divya Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Bayana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bayana]] || SC || [[Ganga Ram Koli]] <br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Sawai Madhopur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sawai Madhopur]] || ST || [[Usha Meena]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ajmer]] || GEN || [[Rasa Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Tonk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tonk]] || SC || [[Shyam Lal Bansiwal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Kota (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kota]] || GEN || [[Dau Dayal Joshi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Jhalawar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhalawar]] || GEN || [[Vasundhara Raje]] <br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Banswara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banswara]] || ST || [[Tarachand Bhagora]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Salumber (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salumber]] || ST || [[Bheru Lal Meena]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Udaipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udaipur]] || GEN || [[Girija Vyas]] <br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chittorgarh]] || GEN || [[Jaswant Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Bhilwara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhilwara]] || GEN || [[Subhash Chandra Baheria]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Pali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pali]] || GEN || [[Guman Mal Lodha]] <br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]] || SC || [[Parsaram Meghwal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]] || GEN || [[Sona Ram]] <br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jodhpur]] || GEN || [[Ashok Gehlot]] <br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Nagaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaur]] || GEN || [[Nathuram Mirdha]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Sikkim===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]] || GEN || [[Bhim Prasad Dahal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Sikkim Democratic Front}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Tamil Nadu===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Madras North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madras North]] || GEN || [[N.V.N. Somu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=5}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Madras Central (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madras Central]] || GEN || [[Murasoli Maran]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Madras South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madras South]] || GEN || [[T. R. Baalu]]<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Sriperumbudur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sriperumbudur]] || SC || [[T. Nagaratnam]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Chengalpattu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chengalpattu]] || GEN || [[Kulasekara Parasuraman]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]] || GEN || [[A.m. Velu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]] || GEN || [[Agaramcheri P. Shanmugam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Tiruppattur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruppattur]] || GEN || [[D. Venugopal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Vandavasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vandavasi]] || GEN || [[L. Balaraman]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Tindivanam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tindivanam]] || GEN || [[Tindivanam G. Venkatraman]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cuddalore]] || GEN || [[P.R.S. Venkatesan]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Chidambaram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chidambaram]] || SC || [[V. Ganesan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Dharmapuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dharmapuri]] || GEN || [[P. Theertharaman]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Krishnagiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagiri]] || GEN || [[C. Narasimhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Rasipuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rasipuram]] || SC || [[K. Kandasamy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Salem (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salem]] || GEN || [[R. Devadass]]<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Tiruchengode (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchengode]] || GEN || [[K.P. Ramalingam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Nilgiris (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nilgiris]] || GEN || [[S. R. Balasubramaniam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Gobichettipalayam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gobichettipalayam]] || GEN || [[V.P. Shanmugasundaram]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Coimbatore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Coimbatore]] || GEN || [[M. Ramanathan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Pollachi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pollachi]] || SC || [[V. Kandasamy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Palani (Lok Sabha constituency)|Palani]] || GEN || [[Salarapatty Kuppusamy Kaarvendhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Dindigul (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindigul]] || GEN || [[N.S.V. Chitthan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madurai]] || GEN || [[A.G.S. Ram Babu]] <br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Periyakulam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Periyakulam]] || GEN || [[R. Gnanagurusamy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Karur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karur]] || GEN || [[K. Natrayan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchirappalli]] || GEN || [[L. Adaikalaraj]] <br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Perambalur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Perambalur]] || SC || [[A. Raja]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Mayiladuthurai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mayiladuthurai]] || GEN || [[P.V. Rajendran]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Nagapattinam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagapattinam]] || SC || [[M. Selvarasu]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Thanjavur]] || GEN || [[S. S. Palanimanickam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Pudukkottai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pudukkottai]] || GEN || [[Tiruchi Siva]] <br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Sivaganga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivaganga]] || GEN || [[P. Chidambaram]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ramanathapuram]] || GEN || [[Subramanian Udayappan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Sivakasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sivakasi]] || GEN || [[V. Alagirisamy]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tirunelveli]] || GEN || [[D.S.A. Sivaprakasam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Tenkasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tenkasi]] || SC || [[M. Arunachalam (politician)|M. Arunachalam]] || {{Full party name with colour|Tamil Maanila Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Tiruchendur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tiruchendur]] || GEN || [[R. Dhanuskodi Athithan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagercoil]] || GEN || [[N. Dennis]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Tripura===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura West]] || GEN || [[Badal Choudhury]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Tripura East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tripura East]] || ST || [[Baju Ban Riyan]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Uttar Pradesh===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Tehri Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tehri Garhwal]] || GEN || [[Manabendra Shah]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal]] || GEN || [[Satpal Maharaj]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIICT}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Almora (Lok Sabha constituency)|Almora]] || GEN || [[Bachi Singh Rawat]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Nainital (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital]] || GEN || [[N. D. Tiwari|Narayan Dutt Tiwari]]|| {{Full party name with colour|All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIICT}}<br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Bijnor (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bijnor]] || SC || [[Mangal Ram Premi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Amroha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amroha]] || GEN || [[Pratap Singh Saini]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Moradabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Moradabad]] || GEN || [[Shafiqur Rahman Barq]] <br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Rampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rampur]] || GEN || [[Begum Noor Bano]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Sambhal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sambhal]] || GEN || [[Dharampal Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Budaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Budaun]] || GEN || [[Saleem Iqbal Shervani]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Aonla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aonla]] || GEN || [[Sarvraj Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Bareilly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bareilly]] || GEN || [[Santosh Gangwar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Pilibhit (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pilibhit]] || GEN || [[Maneka Gandhi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Shahjahanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shahjahanpur]] || GEN || [[Ram Murti Singh Verma]]|| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Kheri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kheri]] || GEN || [[Gendan Lal Kanaujia]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Shahabad, Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Shahabad]] || GEN || [[Iliyas Azmi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Sitapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sitapur]] || GEN || [[Mukhtar Anis]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Misrikh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Misrikh]] || SC || [[Paragi Lal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Hardoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardoi]] || SC || [[Jai Prakash]] <br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]] || GEN || [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] <br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]] || SC || [[Purnima Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Unnao (Lok Sabha constituency)|Unnao]] || GEN || [[Devi Bux Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]] || GEN || [[Ashok Singh (politician, born 1955)|Ashok Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Pratapgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pratapgarh]] || GEN || [[Rajkumari Ratna Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]] || GEN || [[Satish Sharma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Sultanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sultanpur]] || GEN || [[Devendra Bahadur Roy]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Akbarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Akbarpur]] || SC || [[Ghanshyam Chandra Kharvar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Faizabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Faizabad]] || GEN || [[Vinay Katiyar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Bara Banki (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bara Banki]] || SC || [[Ram Sagar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Kaiserganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kaiserganj]] || GEN || [[Beni Prasad Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Bahraich (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bahraich]] || GEN || [[Padamsen Chaudhary]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Balrampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balrampur]] || GEN || [[Satya Deo Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Gonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gonda]] || GEN || [[Ketki Devi Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Basti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basti]] || SC || [[Shriram Chauhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Domariaganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Domariaganj]] || GEN || [[Brij Bhushan Tiwari]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Khalilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khalilabad]] || GEN || [[Surendra Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Janata Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Bansgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bansgaon]] || SC || [[Subhawati Devi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Gorakhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gorakhpur]] || GEN || [[Mahant Avedyanath]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency)|Maharajganj]] || GEN || [[Pankaj Choudhary]] <br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Padrauna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Padrauna]] || GEN || [[Ram Nagina Mishra]]<br /> |-<br /> | 41 || [[Deoria (Lok Sabha constituency)|Deoria]] || GEN || [[Prakash Mani Tripathi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 42 || [[Salempur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Salempur]] || GEN || [[Harivansh Sahai]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 43 || [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]] || GEN || [[Chandra Shekhar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 44 || [[Ghosi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghosi]] || GEN || [[Kalpnath Rai]] || {{Full party name with colour|Independent (politician)|Independent}}<br /> |-<br /> | 45 || [[Azamgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Azamgarh]] || GEN || [[Ramakant Yadav (politician)|Ramakant Yadav]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 46 || [[Lalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]] || SC || [[Bali Ram]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 47 || [[Machhlishahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Machhlishahr]] || GEN || [[Ram Vilas Vedanti]]||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}<br /> |-<br /> | 48 || [[Jaunpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaunpur]] || GEN || [[Rajkeshar Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 49 || [[Saidpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saidpur]] || SC || [[Vidyasagar Sonkar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 50 || [[Ghazipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghazipur]] || GEN || [[Manoj Sinha]] <br /> |-<br /> | 51 || [[Chandauli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandauli]] || GEN || [[Ananda Ratna Maurya]]<br /> |-<br /> | 52 || [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]] || GEN || [[Shankar Prasad Jaiswal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 53 || [[Robertsganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Robertsganj]] || SC || [[Ram Shakal]] <br /> |-<br /> | 54 || [[Mirzapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mirzapur]] || GEN || [[Phoolan Devi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 55 || [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] || GEN || [[Jang Bahadur Singh Patel]] <br /> |-<br /> | 56 || [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]] || GEN || [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 57 || [[Chail (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chail]] || SC || [[Amrit Lal Bharti]]<br /> |-<br /> | 58 || [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]] || GEN || [[Vishambhar Prasad Nishad]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 59 || [[Banda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Banda]] || GEN || [[Ram Sajeevan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 60 || [[Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hamirpur]] || GEN || [[Ganga Charan Rajput]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> | 61 || [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]] || GEN || [[Rajendra Agnihotri]] <br /> |-<br /> | 62 || [[Jalaun (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalaun]] || SC || [[Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 63 || [[Ghatampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatampur]] || SC || [[Kamal Rani]] <br /> |-<br /> | 64 || [[Bilhaur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bilhaur]] || GEN || [[Shyam Bihari Misra]] <br /> |-<br /> | 65 || [[Kanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanpur]] || GEN || [[Jagatvir Singh Drona]] <br /> |-<br /> | 66 || [[Etawah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etawah]] || GEN || [[Ram Singh Shakya]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 67 || [[Kannauj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kannauj]] || GEN || [[Chandra Bhushan Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> | 68 || [[Farrukhabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Farrukhabad]] || GEN || [[Swami Sachidanand Hari Sakshi]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 69 || [[Mainpuri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mainpuri]] || GEN || [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 70 || [[Jalesar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalesar]] || GEN || [[Ompal Singh Nidar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=11}}<br /> |-<br /> | 71 || [[Etah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Etah]] || GEN || [[Mahadeepak Singh Shakya]] <br /> |-<br /> | 72 || [[Firozabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Firozabad]] || SC || [[Prabhu Dayal Katheria]] <br /> |-<br /> | 73 || [[Agra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Agra]] || GEN || [[Bhagwan Shankar Rawat]] <br /> |-<br /> | 74 || [[Mathura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathura]] || GEN || [[Chaudhary Tejveer Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 75 || [[Hathras (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hathras]] || SC || [[Kishan Lal Diler]] <br /> |-<br /> | 76 || [[Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aligarh]] || GEN || [[Sheela Gautam]] <br /> |-<br /> | 77 || [[Khurja (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khurja]] || SC || [[Ashok Kumar Pradhan]] <br /> |-<br /> | 78 || [[Bulandshahr (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bulandshahr]] || GEN || [[Chhatrapal Singh Lodha]]<br /> |-<br /> | 79 || [[Hapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hapur]] || GEN || [[Ramesh Chand Tomar]] <br /> |-<br /> | 80 || [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut]] || GEN || [[Amar Pal Singh]] <br /> |-<br /> | 81 || [[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]] || GEN || [[Chaudhary Ajit Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}<br /> |-<br /> | 82 || [[Muzaffarnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Muzaffarnagar]] || GEN || [[Sohan Veer Singh]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 83 || [[Kairana (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kairana]] || GEN || [[Chaudhary Munawwar Hasan]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 84 || [[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur]] || GEN || [[Nakli Singh]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 85 || [[Hardwar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hardwar]] || SC || [[Harpal Singh Sathi]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Bengal===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Cooch Behar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Cooch Behar]] || SC || [[Amar Roy Pradhan]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[Alipurduars (Lok Sabha constituency)|Alipurduars]] || ST || [[Joachim Baxla]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Jalpaiguri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalpaiguri]] || GEN || [[Jitendra Nath Das]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]] || GEN || [[Ratna Bahadur Rai]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]] || GEN || [[Subrata Mukherjee]] <br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Balurghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Balurghat]] || SC || [[Ranen Barman]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Malda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malda]] || GEN || [[A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 8 || [[Jangipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jangipur]] || GEN || [[Mohammad Idris Ali]] <br /> |-<br /> | 9 || [[Murshidabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Murshidabad]] || GEN || [[Syed Masudal Hossain]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 10 || [[Berhampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Berhampore]] || GEN || [[Promothes Mukherjee]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 11 || [[Krishnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnagar]] || GEN || [[Ajoy Mukhopadhyay]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 12 || [[Nabadwip (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nabadwip]] || SC || [[Asim Bala]]<br /> |-<br /> | 13 || [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]] || GEN || [[Chitta Basu (politician)|Chitta Basu]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | 14 || [[Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Basirhat]] || GEN || [[Ajay Chakraborty]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 15 || [[Jaynagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jaynagar]] || SC || [[Sanat Kumar Mandal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 16 || [[Mathurapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mathurapur]] || SC || [[Radhika Ranjan Pramanik]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 17 || [[Diamond Harbour (Lok Sabha constituency)|Diamond Harbour]] || GEN || [[Samik Lahiri]] <br /> |-<br /> | 18 || [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]] || GEN || [[Krishna Bose]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 19 || [[Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barrackpore]] || GEN || [[Tarit Baran Topdar]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 20 || [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]] || GEN || [[Nirmal Kanti Chatterjee]]<br /> |-<br /> | 21 || [[Calcutta North West (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North West]] || GEN || [[Debi Prasad Pal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 22 || [[Calcutta North East (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta North East]] || GEN || [[Ajit Kumar Panja]] <br /> |-<br /> | 23 || [[Calcutta South (Lok Sabha constituency)|Calcutta South]] || GEN || [[Mamata Banerjee]] <br /> |-<br /> | 24 || [[Howrah (Lok Sabha constituency)|Howrah]] || GEN || [[Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 25 || [[Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Uluberia]] || GEN || [[Hannan Mollah]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 26 || [[Serampore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Serampore]] || GEN || [[Pradip Bhattacharya]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 27 || [[Hooghly (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hooghly]] || GEN || [[Rupchand Pal]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | 28 || [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]] || GEN || [[Anil Basu]] <br /> |-<br /> | 29 || [[Panskura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Panskura]] || GEN || [[Geeta Mukherjee]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 30 || [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]] || GEN || [[Jayanta Bhattacharya]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 31 || [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Contai]] || GEN || [[Sudhir Kumar Giri]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 32 || [[Midnapore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Midnapore]] || GEN || [[Indrajit Gupta]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India}}<br /> |-<br /> | 33 || [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]] || ST || [[Rupchand Murmu]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 34 || [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]] || GEN || [[Bir Singh Mahato]] || {{Full party name with colour|All India Forward Bloc}}<br /> |-<br /> | 35 || [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura]] || GEN || [[Basudeb Acharia]] || {{Full party name with colour|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=8}}<br /> |-<br /> | 36 || [[Vishnupur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vishnupur]] || SC || [[Sandhya Bauri]] <br /> |-<br /> | 37 || [[Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Durgapur]] || SC || [[Sunil Khan]]<br /> |-<br /> | 38 || [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]] || GEN || [[Haradhan Roy]] <br /> |-<br /> | 39 || [[Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency)|Burdwan]] || GEN || [[Balai Ray]] <br /> |-<br /> | 40 || [[Katwa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katwa]] || GEN || [[Mahboob Zahedi]] <br /> |-<br /> | 41 || [[Bolpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolpur]] || GEN || [[Somnath Chatterjee]] <br /> |-<br /> | 42 || [[Birbhum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Birbhum]] || SC || [[Ram Chandra Dome]] <br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Lok Sabha constituency)|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] || GEN|| [[Manoranjan Bhakta]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Chandigarh===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Chandigarh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandigarh]] || GEN || [[Satya Pal Jain]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Dadra &amp; Nagar Haveli===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dadra &amp; Nagar Haveli]] || ST || [[Delkar Mohanbhai Sanjibhai]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Daman &amp; Diu===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)|Daman and Diu]] || GEN || [[Tandel Gopal Kalan]]||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===National Capital Territory of Delhi===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|New Delhi]] || GEN || [[Jagmohan]] || {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2 || [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi]] || GEN || [[Sushma Swaraj]] <br /> |-<br /> | 3 || [[Outer Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Delhi]] || GEN || [[Krishan Lal Sharma]] <br /> |-<br /> | 4 || [[East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|East Delhi]] || GEN || [[Lal Bihari Tiwari]] <br /> |-<br /> | 5 || [[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]] || GEN || [[Jai Prakash Agarwal]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | 6 || [[Delhi Sadar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Delhi Sadar]] || GEN || [[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | 7 || [[Karol Bagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karol Bagh]] || SC || [[Meira Kumar]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lakshadweep===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Lakshadweep (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lakshadweep]] || ST || [[P. M. Sayeed]] || {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Puducherry===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> ! No.<br /> ! Constituency<br /> ! Type<br /> ! Winner<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:18em&quot;| Party <br /> |-<br /> | 1 || [[Puducherry (Lok Sabha constituency)|Pondicherry]] || GEN || [[M. O. H. Farook]] ||{{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1996 Indian general election]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kashmir&diff=469239 2026-03-29T20:17:06Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: slightly refined structure and added references to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Literature originating in the Kashmir region}}<br /> {{Redirect|Kashmiri literature|other uses|Culture of Kashmir#Language and literature}}<br /> '''Literature of Kashmir''' has a long history, the oldest texts having been composed in the [[Sanskrit]] language. Early names include [[Patanjali]], the author of the ''[[Mahābhāṣya]]'' commentary on [[Pāṇini]]'s grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the [[Hindu]] treatise known as the ''[[Yogasutra]]'', and Dridhbala, who revised the ''[[Charaka Samhita]]'' of ''[[Ayurveda]]''.<br /> <br /> In medieval times, philosophers of [[Kashmir Shaivism]] include [[Vasugupta]] (c. 800), [[Utpaladeva|Utpala]] (c. 925), [[Abhinavagupta]], [[Kshemaraja]], and [[Anandavardhana]]. Within contemporary Kashmir literature there are many poets, including Asif Tariq Bhat&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-15|title=The new face of contemporary poetry. Meet Asif Tariq Bhat|url=https://kashmiranalyser.com/2021/02/15/the-new-face-of-contemporary-poetry-meet-asif-tariq-bhat/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=Kashmir Analyser|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Nabi|first1=Humaira|date=2020-12-19|title=Promoting mother tongue with poetry|url=http://risingkashmir.com/index.php/home/news_description/370845/Promoting-mother-tongue-with-poetry|url-status=dead|work=[[Rising Kashmir]]|location=[[Srinagar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108083201/http://risingkashmir.com/index.php/home/news_description/370845/Promoting-mother-tongue-with-poetry|archive-date=2021-01-08|access-date=2021-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashi Shah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Poetry Helped Bring a Piece of Kashmir to Delhi|url=https://thewire.in/culture/how-poetry-helped-bring-a-piece-of-kashmir-to-delhi|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akeel Mohiuddin Bhat,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=India Education Diary Bureau|date=2020-11-17|title=Literary function, Mushaira held at Bandipora|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/literary-function-mushaira-held-at-bandipora/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=India Education, Education News India, Education News {{!}} India Education Diary|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omair Bhat [https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003602712-3/cryptopolitics-sahana-mukherjee] [https://scroll.in/article/951662/i-gift-you-a-rugged-map-carved-from-cracks-between-divorced-nations-five-poems-from-kashmir] and Zeeshan Jaipuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Saffudin|first=Ali|date=2018-06-05|title=For the love of language: Kashmir's new age Urdu poets—Part I {{!}} Free Press Kashmir|url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2018/06/05/for-the-love-of-language-kashmirs-new-age-urdu-poets-part-i/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=freepresskashmir.news|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Kashmiri language literature ==<br /> &lt;!-- Please respect the chronological order --&gt;<br /> The below listed table marks [[Kashmiri language]] poets in chronological order as per the book— ''A History of Kashmiri literature'' by Trilokinath Raina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Raina|first=Trilokinath|url=https://archive.org/details/a-history-of-kashmiri-literature-triloki-nath-raina/page/n3/mode/2up|title=A History of Kashmiri literature|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=2002 |isbn=9788126013661 |location=New Delhi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;font-size:75%;&quot;|<br /> ! Name<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;min-width: 7em;&quot; | Years <br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Birthplace<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;min-width: 11em;&quot; | Period<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Remarks<br /> |-<br /> |[[Lalleshwari|Lal Ded]]<br /> ||1320–1392<br /> |[[Pandrethan]], or Padmanpore (modern Sempore, [[Pampore]])<br /> ||[[Kashmir Shaivism]] <br /> || She was the Kashmiri [[Mysticism|mystic]] poet credited with pioneering the [[Vatsun|Vaakh]]/Vatsun genre of Kashmiri literature.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nund Rishi|Nund Reshi]]<br /> ||1377–1438<br /> |[[Qaimoh]], [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]<br /> ||[[Sufism]]<br /> |[[Nund Rishi|Nund Reshi]] was among the founders of the [[Rishi order]], a [[Sufism|Sufi]] tradition of the region. He mainly wrote Shrukhs. His well-known disciples from this order include- [[Dehat Bibi|Dehat Ded]], [[Behat Bibi|Behat Ded]], [[Yawan Mats|Shanga Bibi]], Sham Ded and Ganga Bibi.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri|Hazrat Shaikh Yaqub Sarfi]]<br /> ||1521–1595<br /> |[[Zaina Kadal|Zainkadal]], [[Srinagar]]<br /> ||Sufism <br /> |Popularly known as &quot;''Ishan sa'eb''&quot;, Sarfi was a Kashmiri Sufi Shaikh of the [[Kubrawiya|Kubrawi Hamadani order]]. He became a [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz Quran]] at the age of seven. He has many [[Vatsun|Vaakhs]] to his credit. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Habba Khatoon]]<br /> ||1554–1609<br /> |[[Chandhara|Chandhur]], [[Pampore]]<br /> ||Lyricism<br /> |She is known to lyricize her wailing cries for lost time. The [[Chak dynasty|queen]] poet was popularly known as the &quot;Nightingale of [[Kashmir]]&quot;.<br /> |-<br /> |Jumma Bibi<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Nowhatta]], Srinagar<br /> |Sufism and Lyricism<br /> |She was the daughter of a ''Kandur'' (baker), and was quite close to Mirza Akmal ud Din Badakshi. Her [[Vatsun|Vaakhs]] are mostly inspired by mystical subjects. She had also composed a [[Kashmiri Marsiya|Kashir marsiya]] (Kashmiri elegy) on the death of Mirza Kamal.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri|Khawaja Habibullah Ganai Nowshehri]]<br /> |1555–1617<br /> |[[Nowshera, Srinagar|Nowshera]], Srinagar<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He was the main ''Khulafa'' (successor) to [[Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri|Hazrat Shaikh Yaqub Sarfi]] and was [[Hafiz (Quran)|Hafiz Quran]], and very much fond of singing. He had written some notable [[Vatsun|Vaakhs]] too. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Rupa Bhawani]]<br /> ||1621–1721<br /> |Khanqah-i-Shokta, Nawakadal ([[Srinagar]] at present)<br /> ||[[Kashmir Shaivism]] and [[Sufism|Islamic Sufism]]<br /> ||Her [[Vatsun|Vaakhs]] reveal the influence of both [[Kashmir Shaivism]] and [[Sufism|Islamic Sufism]].<br /> |-<br /> |Sahab Kaul<br /> |b. 1629<br /> |[[Habba Kadal]], Srinagar<br /> |[[Kashmir Shaivism]]<br /> |His '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Krishna Avtaar Charit''' is the first [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] poem of [[Lila (Hinduism)|Leela]] (Divine play) genre.<br /> |-<br /> |Nunda Dar<br /> |d. 1774<br /> |Village Kaathyul<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He and [[Saadullah Shahabadi|Mir Syed Ullah Shahabadi]] are the only two poets who attempted the [[Ghazal]] writing successfully before [[Mahmud Gami]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Arnimal]]<br /> ||1738–1778 <br /> |Palhalan, [[Pattan]] <br /> ||Lyricism<br /> |She is the second poet after [[Habba Khatoon]] in the field of lyricism.<br /> |-<br /> |Mir Abdulla Behaqi<br /> |d. 1798<br /> |N/A<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He is the first Kashmiri poet to adopt ''[[Mathnawi|Mathnavi]]'' (rhyming couplets) as his medium in poetry.<br /> |-<br /> |Shah Gafoor<br /> |N/A<br /> |Village Choon, [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |His well-known works include {{'}}''Rosh Paan Havtam Kashvaniye''{{'}}, {{'}}''Sorui Chu Panai Be Vanai Kya''{{'}}, and {{'}}''Kya Gov Malaal tes Yarsei''{{'}} among others.<br /> |-<br /> |Momin Shah sa'eb <br /> |d. 1800<br /> |Buried at [[Chandgam, Pulwama|Babgom]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |To him belongs the honour of writing the first well-received ''[[Mathnawi|Mathnavi]]'' in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], titled '[[The Conference of the Birds|''Mantaq-al-tayyar'']]' based on [[Persian language|Persian]] mathnavi of the same title by [[Attar of Nishapur|Attar]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Soch Kral|Swocha Kral]]<br /> |1774–1854<br /> |Village Koil, [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]] (buried at Yendregam, Pulwama)<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He was known to be the ''mureed'' (disciple) of Momin sa'eb. His poetry is an exposition of the philosophy of [[Sufi metaphysics|''Wahdat-al-Wajood'']].<br /> |-<br /> |Khwaja Hussain Mir<br /> |d. 1826<br /> |Habak, [[Magam]], buried at Gund Khawja Qasim<br /> |Devotional<br /> |Hussain Mir is regarded as the founder of the Classical Age in [[Kashmiri Marsiya|Kashir Marsiya]], known as {{'}}''Muqam Band''{{'}}.<br /> |-<br /> |Parmananda<br /> ||1791–1864<br /> |Village Seer, Martand ([[Mattan, Jammu and Kashmir|Mattan]] at present)<br /> ||Mysticism<br /> ||His most notable works include {{'}}''Radha Swayamvara''{{'}}.<br /> |-<br /> |Pandit Mirza Kak<br /> |N/A<br /> |Hangulgund, [[Kokernag]], [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |He had authored {{'}}''Shiv Puraan''{{'}} in [[Kashmiri language]].<br /> |-<br /> |Shah Qalandar<br /> |d. 1850<br /> |Haigam ([[Sopore]]), or Wahthora, [[Chadoora]] dist. [[Budgam district|Budgam]] <br /> |Lyricism<br /> |Known for his popular [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] {{'}}''Adam ta Guljaan''{{'}} (love-story of faqir Adam and Princess Guljaan). <br /> |-<br /> |[[Mahmud Gami]]<br /> ||1765–1855<br /> |Village Aravaer (modern Mahmudabad), [[Doru Shahabad|Dooru Shahabad]], [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> ||Lyricism<br /> ||Popularly known as [[Jami]] of Kashmir, he had also translated [[Nizami Ganjavi|Nizami]]'s ''[[Layla and Majnun|Layla Majnun]]'' into Kashmiri titled '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Lael Majnun'''. <br /> |-<br /> |Rahim Sa'eb<br /> |1775–1850<br /> |Telwaen mohallà, [[Sopore]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He belonged to the [[Qadiriyya|Qadri]] order of Sufism and was significantly influenced by [[Lalleshwari|Lal Ded]] and [[Nund Rishi|Nund Reshi]]. He is specifically known for using [[Sanskrit]] [[Shastra]] words in his poetry. <br /> |-<br /> |Mulla Munshi Mohammad Yusuf Baba<br /> |1798-1885<br /> |Babapora, Habba Kadal, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Devotional <br /> |He is best known for his portal of human loss and grief in [[Kashmiri Marsiya]]. Munshi Yusuf remains one of the most popular [[Kashmiri Marsiya]] writers.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mulla Hakim Muhammad Azim]]<br /> |1803-1852<br /> |Babapora, Habba Kadal, Srinagar <br /> |Devotional <br /> |He is known for introducing visual imagery in [[Kashmiri Marsiya]] and repositioning it in the urban, Persianate high culture associated with [[Srinagar]] city.<br /> |-<br /> |Mirza Aboul Qasim<br /> |d. 1853 <br /> |Gund Khawja Qasim, buried [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]<br /> |Devotional<br /> |The most prolific and popular [[Marsiya]] writer of [[Kashmiri Marsiya|Kashmir Marsiyas]], his works reflects deep understanding of traditional Muslim knowledge both literary as well as religious.<br /> |-<br /> |Munshi Safdar Khan<br /> |d. 1850s<br /> |Awadh, [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |Devotional<br /> |He worked in the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah and is said to have been poisoned in his late 20's. He is the first poet who introduced the genre of writing {{'}}''bey-nuqta''{{'}} (verses withouts any diacritical marks) in [[Kashmiri Marsiya]], in a marsiya of bearing the same name.<br /> |-<br /> |Wali Ullah Motoo<br /> |d. 1858<br /> |Wuhan, [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]] dist. [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He has written a ''[[Mathnawi|Mathnavi]]'' based on the legend of [[Himal and Nagaray|Hemal and Nagrai]].<br /> |-<br /> |Nyam sa'eb<br /> |1805–1865<br /> |Agh hamaam [[Habba Kadal]], Srinagar<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He is best known for his lyrical [[ghazal]]s that have been sung by generation of Kashmiris. His ''Taelib'' (tutee) named Rasul Shah Haaqsa was the ''murshid'' (spiritual guide) to [[Shamas Faqir]].<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Ahad Nazim<br /> |1807–1865<br /> |N/A<br /> |Sufism and Lyricism<br /> |He was also known as 'Waiz Shah Nur-ud-din', considered the finest [[Naʽat|Na'at]] writer of Kashmir. He had penned the famous Sufi song- ''Yim Zaar Vanahas Bardar''.<br /> |-<br /> |Lakshman Joo Raina Bulbul<br /> |1812–1898<br /> |Malapora, [[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]] <br /> |Lyricism<br /> |Wrote the well-known razmia [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] ''Saamnaama'', translation of [[Ferdowsi|Firdausi]]'s Classic [[Shahnameh|''Shahnaama'']].<br /> |-<br /> |Karam Buland<br /> |d. 1899<br /> |Haanz Gund, Wahthora [[Budgam]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He had great love of music, theatre and organizing musical sessions. The NGO- Karam Buland Folk Theatre Group in Budgam is also named after him.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Maqbool Shah Kralawari|Maqbool Shah Kralwaer]]<br /> |1820–1877<br /> |Kralwara, Nagam [[Budgam]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He is best known for his ''[[Mathnawi|mathnavi]]'' '''Gulrez''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. A mathnavi, many claim as finest descriptive poetry of the 19th-century Kashmiri literature. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Ahmad Batwaer]]<br /> |1838–1918<br /> |Batawara, Soura, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |His well known works include {{'}}''Az Boaz Saeni Mudda''{{'}}, '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Yendraaz Zyeni Darbaar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '''Bedaar Cheshmov Dedaar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' and many others. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Rasul Mir]]<br /> ||1840–1870<br /> |[[Doru Shahabad|Dooru Shahabad]], [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> ||Romanticism<br /> ||He is popularly known as the [[John Keats]] of Kashmir. Rasul Mir formally inaugurated [[Ghazal]] into Kashmiri poetry. Gazals with rivers, valleys, birds, fruits and imagery of Kashmir are his forte.<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Ahad Nadim<br /> |1842–1911<br /> |[[Bandipore|Bandipora]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |Had written the social satire ''Shahar'ashob''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Wahab Khar]]<br /> |1842–1912<br /> |[[Khrew]], [[Pampore]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He came from a lineage of poets: his father and grandfather, both blacksmiths by profession, were also venerated [[Sufism|Sufi]] poets.<br /> |-<br /> |Wahab Parray<br /> |1845–1914<br /> |Khos mohallà, [[Hajan|Hajin]], [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He had translated [[Ferdowsi|Firdausi]]'s '[[Shahnameh|''Shahnaama'']]' from [[Persian language|Persian]] to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] in the year 1900.<br /> |-<br /> |Pandit Govind Kaul<br /> |1846–1899<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |As a profound Kashmiri scholar he had helped [[Aurel Stein]] in translating [[Kalhana]]'s [[Rajatarangini]]. <br /> |-<br /> |Rahman Dar<br /> |d. 1897<br /> |[[Safa Kadal]], Srinagar<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He is best known for his [[Mathnawi|Mathnavi]] ''Sheeshrang''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shamas Faqir]]<br /> |1849–1904<br /> |Zaindar, Srinagar<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He belonged to the [[Qadiriyya|Qadriya]] silsila of [[Sufism]] and had also written the mathnavi ''Mehrajnaama'', recounting the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]]'s [[Isra and Mi'raj|Mehraj]] (spiritual journey) to Allah.<br /> |-<br /> |Aga Sayyid Muhammad Safvi<br /> |d. 1932<br /> |Mirgund, [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Religious Prose<br /> |A religious scholar by training he wrote '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Minhaj ul Salah wa Miraj al Falah''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', popularly known as '''Kashir Kitab''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (c.1888), one of the first works in Kashmiri prose.<br /> |-<br /> |Pir Ghulam Mohammad Hanfi<br /> |1849–1937<br /> |N/A<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He is said to have translated [[Quran]] into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. Some scholars believe that the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] translation of [[Quran]] which was published under the name of Maulvi Yusuf Shah was actually done by Hanfi.<br /> |-<br /> |Krishan Joo Razdan<br /> |1850–1925<br /> |Wanpoh, [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |[[Kashmir Shaivism]]<br /> |He is known for his ''Shiv Puraan'' and ''Shiv Lagan.''<br /> |-<br /> |Mulla Hakim Habib ul Lah<br /> |1852-1904<br /> |Babapora, Habba Kadal, [[Srinagar]]<br /> <br /> |Devotional Mysticism<br /> <br /> |In addition to his Persian poetry is known for his [[Kashmiri Marsiya]], especially ''Yusuf''. His ''Sahlab Nama'' is devoted to the tragic floods of 1903 which devastated Kashmir.<br /> |-<br /> |Aziz Ullah Haqqani<br /> |1854–1919<br /> |Narparistan, Srinagar<br /> |Sufism and Romanticism<br /> |He is remembered as a prominent [[Naʽat|Na'at]] writer. His best known [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] is {{'}}''Mumtaaz Benazir''{{'}}, which had attained the same popularity as [[Maqbool Shah Kralawari|Maqbool Shah Kralwari]]'s ''Gulrez''.<br /> |-<br /> |Saif-ud-din Ariz<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Pulwama]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |His [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] titled ''Nav Bahaar'', had been translated into Persian. Though, the manuscript remains undiscovered so far.<br /> |-<br /> |Asad Parray<br /> |1862–1930<br /> |Hajin, [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |He was highly influenced by [[Hindu mythology]] and had written works in praise of Lord [[Rama]] and Lord [[Shiva]].<br /> |-<br /> |Hakim Hassan Ali <br /> |1870–1915<br /> |Babapora, Habba Kadal, [[Srinagar]] <br /> |Devotional <br /> |A respected [[Kashmiri Marsiya|Marsiya]] writer, his Bey-Nuqta (Dotless) is considered a literary feat because in 25 verses it avoids the use of letters with any diacritical markings (nuqta).<br /> |-<br /> |Haji Mohammad Alyaas<br /> |1881–1941<br /> |[[Charari Sharief|Tsrar Sharief]], Budgam<br /> |Romanticism<br /> |He had been inspired by Aziz Ullah Haqqani, and wrote his rendering of the [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] ''Mumtaaz Benazir''.<br /> |-<br /> |Mohammad Ismail Nami<br /> |1884–1940<br /> |Kavador, Srinagar<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He was an extensive traveller of [[Tibet]] and had written ''Tibet Safarnama'' and [[Nizami Ganjavi|Nizami]]'s [[Khosrow and Shirin|Sheeren ''Farhad'']] in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |Prakash Ram Bhat<br /> |d. 1885<br /> |[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir|Devsar]] dist. [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |He is the author of the first ''Razmia'' (war) [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] literature, 'Ramavtaar Charit', based on [[Ramayana]].<br /> |-<br /> |Akbar Bhat<br /> |d. 1910<br /> |Anantnag<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He roamed as a ''[[fakir]]'' all over the valley for two years and after this peregrination wrote the poem &quot;''Saalgah&quot;''.<br /> |-<br /> |Kaefi Shah<br /> |d. 1910<br /> |Kothar dist. [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]]<br /> |Romanticism<br /> |Wrote a romantic [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]], '''Qissa Behraam Shah''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Rahim Aima<br /> |d. 1911<br /> |Nagam, [[Banihal]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |His mathnavi '''Gulbadan''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' is a translation of Muhammad Ali Murad's [[Urdu]] [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] of the same title.<br /> |-<br /> |Pir Mohi-u-din Miskeen<br /> |d. 1915<br /> |[[Kulgam]] <br /> |Sufism<br /> |Had written 6 masnavis, including Yusuf Zuleikha, Zeba Nigaar and Laal Majnoon. He had also translated the popular tragic romance of [[Punjab, Pakistan]]- [[Sohni Mahiwal]] into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |Prakash Kurgami<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Kurigam]], [[Qazigund]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |He had translated Ramayana to Kashmiri language.<br /> |-<br /> |Vishna Kaul<br /> |d. 1917<br /> |[[Kulgam]]<br /> |Mysticism<br /> |He had translated [[Valmiki]]'s [[Ramayana]] into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Haji Mohi-ud-din Miskin]]<br /> |d. 1921<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |His [[Mathnawi|mathnavi]] 'Zeba Nigaar' has been credited to [[Rasul Mir]] by [[Abdul Ahad Azad]] in ''Kashmiri zuban aur shairi'' vol.II<br /> |-<br /> |Asad Mir <br /> |d. 1930<br /> |[[Hakura Badas Gam|Hakura Badasgam]], [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Lyricism <br /> |He had written the popular [[ghazal]] ''Yeli Janaan Ralem''. He has numerous ghazals to his credit that have been sung by generations of Kashmiris. <br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Qaadir Faarig<br /> |N/A<br /> |N/A<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He was the father of ex-chief minister, [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq|Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ahad Zargar]]<br /> |1882–1984<br /> |Narvara, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |His well known masnavis including- {{'}}''Kaefir Sapdith Korum Iqraar''{{'}}, expressing the philosophy [[Sufi metaphysics|Wahadat-al-Wajood]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Zinda Kaul]]<br /> |1884–1965<br /> |Madanyar, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He was the first Kashmiri writer who had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi]] award, 1956 for his volume ''Sumaran'' (The Rosary).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mahjoor]]<br /> |1887–1952<br /> |Mitrigam, [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |Being a revolutionary poet, he is famously known as ''Shair-e-Kashmir''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Samad Mir]]<br /> |1892–1959<br /> |Haar Nambal, Narwara [[Srinagar]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |His {{'}}''Aka Nandun''{{'}} is the Kashmiri rendering of the legend of prophet [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]] and his son [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismael]].<br /> |-<br /> |Lassa Khan Fida<br /> |1898–1965<br /> |Qazi mohallà, [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |At the age of 21, he wrote his first book '''Gulbakwal''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' which was later adapted into a TV serial.<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Qadoos Rasa Javidani<br /> |1901-1980<br /> |[[Bhaderwah]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He had published his [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] poems under the title '''Nairang-e-Gazal''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. He had also represented [[Kashmir]] at the National Mushaira in 1961. He had also penned the famous song- ''Mashravthas Janaan'' sung by Faheem Abdullah.<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Ahad Zargar<br /> |b. 1908<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Sufism<br /> |Being a disciple of Samad Mir, his expression was also multi-lingual that assimilated [[Arabic]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] languages and brewed them with [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] language.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Dina Nath Walli|Dina Nath Wali Almast]]<br /> |1908–2006<br /> |Badyar Bala, Srinagar<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His collection of poetry include ''Bala Yapair'' (This side of Mountains, 1955) and ''Sahaavukh Posh'' (Desert Flowers, 1981).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Abdul Ahad Azad]]<br /> |1909–1948<br /> |Rangar, [[Chadoora]], [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Lyricism<br /> |He had written the essay ''Kashmiri zuban aur shairi''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ghulam Rasool Nazki|Mir Ghulam Rasool Nazki]]<br /> |1910–1998<br /> |Mader, [[Bandipore|Bandipora]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |His well known works include ''Namrodnama'', a collection of 200 quatrains published in 1964.<br /> |-<br /> |Ali Mohammad Gilkar<br /> |d. 1976<br /> |[[Nowhatta]], Srinagar<br /> |Sufism<br /> |He was a great spiritual leader and a great [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint, and popular among masses as ''Woast bab'' or ''Dassil bab''. He is best known for his book '''Kaleed Ludni'.''<br /> |-<br /> |Mirza Ghulam Hassan Beg Arif<br /> |1910–2005<br /> |[[Anantnag]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |Known for his satirical piece ''Aawaaz-i-dost''. He had also translated 100 quatrains of [[Omar Khayyam]], and [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s 'Cycle of Spring' into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Dinanath Nadim|Dina Nath Nadim]]<br /> |1916–1988<br /> |[[Habba Kadal]], Srinagar<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He had penned the famous folksong '''Bumbro Bumbro''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. He had also written the anti-war poem {{'}}''Mae Chhum aash paghich''{{'}}.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Fazil Kashmiri]]<br /> |1916–2004<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |As a versatile poet he had proven his command or mastery in all genres of poetry – [[Ghazal]], [[Nazm]], [[Rubai (poetry)|Rubai]], Qata, [[Marsiya]], Munajat, [[Naʽat|Na'at]], Manqabat, [[Lila (Hinduism)|Leela]] etc.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mohiuddin Hajni]]<br /> |1917–1993<br /> |Hajin, [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His play {{'}}''Grees Sund Ghar''{{'}} is the first play in [[Kashmiri language]]. He had translated '[[One Thousand and One Nights|''Alif Layla'']]' (One Thousand and One Nights) in Kashmiri. During his career, he criticised the political doctrine of [[Sheikh Abdullah]], 3rd chief ministers and 2nd prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir.<br /> |-<br /> |Noor Mohammad Roshan<br /> |b. 1919<br /> |[[Khanyar]], [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He had translated [[Premchand|Munshi Premchand]]'s [[Godaan]] in Kashmiri.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Lala Aragami|Lal Aragami]]<br /> |1923–1988<br /> |Chattibanday [[Aragam]], [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Sufism<br /> |His well known works include ''Sareth Rahbar Lobum Moula''.<br /> |-<br /> |Abdul Khaliq Tak Zainageri<br /> |1924–1989<br /> |Hardishiva, [[Zaingair|Zaingeer]] [[Sopore]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |It was in 1972 that he laid the foundation of the J &amp; K Yateem Trust. He has also written poems for children, depicting his love for the orphans and the weak.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sarwanand Koul Premi|Sarwananda Koul Premi]]<br /> |1924–1990<br /> |Soaf Shalli, [[Kokernag]] [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |[[Mahjoor]] gave him the name &quot;Premi&quot; (meaning Lover) because his poetry was full of love for Kashmir.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amin Kamil]]<br /> |1924–2014<br /> |Kaprin, [[Shopian district|Shopian]] <br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His notable works include the collections ''Beyi Sui Paan'' and ''Padis Pod Tshaayi''.<br /> |-<br /> |Arjan Dev Majboor<br /> |1924–2015<br /> |[[Zainapora|Zainpora]], [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He had translated [[Kalidasa|Kalidas]]'s ''Meghadootam'' into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |Janbaz Kishtwari<br /> |1925-1990<br /> |Dool Hasti, [[Chenab Valley]], [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He is known for his collection of poetry '''Phalwin Sangar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. He is also known for pioneering the &quot;''Chalant''&quot; style of music in Kashmiri poetry.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rehman Rahi]]<br /> |1925–2023<br /> |Wazpora, [[Downtown, Srinagar|Downtown]] [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Navroz-e-Saba'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi]] award, 1961. His other notable work is a poetic collection titled '''Siyah Rood Jaeren Manz'.''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pran Kishore Kaul]]<br /> |1925–present<br /> |Srinagar <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had written the screenplay for the popular [[Doordarshan]] Television series '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Gul Gulshan Gulfaam'''.<br /> |-<br /> |Vasudev Reh<br /> |b. 1926<br /> |[[Sopore]]<br /> |Progressive movement <br /> |He is known for his collection of poetry '''Shab Gardun''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (The Night Watchman).<br /> |-<br /> |Vishwanath Vishwas<br /> |b. 1926<br /> |[[Sopore]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His well known poems include '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Anaady Haanz''' (The Foolish Boatman).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Pushkar Bhan]]<br /> |1926–2008<br /> |N/A<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |As a playwright he had collaborated 3 times with [[Som Nath Sadhu]]. <br /> |-<br /> |Ali Mohammed Lone<br /> |1927–1987<br /> |Drogjan, [[Dal Lake|Dal Gate]] Srinagar<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He was a prominent dramatist of [[Kashmiri language]] and had written the plays ''Te Vyeth Rooz Pakaan'', and ''Suyya''.<br /> |-<br /> |Ghulam Nabi Nazir<br /> |1927–2015<br /> |Yaripora, [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |His well known works include '''Kashir Lukh Baath''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. He had also translated [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s [[Othello]] to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ghulam Nabi Firaq]]<br /> |1927–2016<br /> |[[Nowshera, Srinagar|Naushera, Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |Adapted play [[Doctor Faustus (play)|Doctor Faustus]] by [[Christopher Marlowe]] into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] language.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Akhtar Mohiuddin (writer)|Akhtar Mohiuddin]]<br /> |1928–2001<br /> |Battamalyun, Srinagar <br /> |Progressive movement <br /> |He had written the first novel in [[Kashmiri language]], titled Dod ''Dag'' (1957), and was a prominent short story writer in Kashmiri.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ghulam Rasool Santosh]]<br /> |1929–1997 <br /> |Chinkral, [[Habba Kadal]] Srinagar<br /> |[[Kashmir Shaivism]]<br /> |As a poet he had been the recipient of [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his poem ''Be Soakh Rooh'' (1978).<br /> |-<br /> |Bansi Nirdosh<br /> |1930-2001<br /> |Badyar Bala, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He was a prolific writer who wrote in [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], and [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. He had written over 100 plays including '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Daenther'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' (Branch of pomegranate tree) and '''Vaav, Naav te Dariyaav''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. As a short story writer, his well-known short stories include- ''Yutamat Naal Votum Damanas Tal.''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rashid Nazki]]<br /> |1931–2016<br /> |[[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He was the founding president of [[Adbee Markaz Kamraz]]. He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for '''Vahraat''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 1999. He had written the biography of [[Muhammad]] in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. He had also translated Sir [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]]'s [[The Secrets of the Self|Asrar-i-Khudi]] to Kashmiri.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hamidi Kashmiri]]<br /> |1932–2018<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for '''Yath Miani Joye''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2005. He had also won the [[Padma Shri]] in 2010.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Moti Lal Kemmu]]<br /> |1933–2018<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Progressive movement<br /> |Being a multi-faceted artist, he had worked as a choreographer for [[Dinanath Nadim|Dina Nath Nadim]]'s ''Bombur Yembarzal'', and ''Himal Nagrai''.<br /> |-<br /> |Naji Munawar <br /> |1933–2021<br /> |Kaprin, [[Shopian district|Shopian]] <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Best known for his collection ''Mwokhta lar'', a book of stories for children. Alongside Shafi Shauq, he had compiled the history of Kashmiri literature in a book in the [[Kashmiri language]]. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Autar Krishen Rahbar]]<br /> |1934–2020<br /> |Fatehkadal, [[Downtown Srinagar|Downtown]] Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He was a dramatist, and had written the famous play ''Badshah''. <br /> |-<br /> |Zeba Zeenat<br /> |1934–present<br /> |Nadihal, [[Bandipora]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |She is a mystic poet whose work is based on self-exploration.<br /> |-<br /> |Hari Kishan Kaul<br /> |1934–2009<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is a well-known playwright and short story writer in Kashmiri. He is best known for his play ''Yeli Watan Khur Chu Yevan''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ghulam Nabi Gowhar|Ghulam Nabi Gauhar]]<br /> |1934–present<br /> |[[Charari Sharief|Charar-e-Sharief]], [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had written the second novel in [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] language, titled ''Mujrim'' (1971).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Muzaffar Aazim]]<br /> |1934–2022<br /> |Gotlipora, [[Tangmarg]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |His notable works include three poetry books in Kashmiri and one in Urdu in addition to plays ''Havas ta Haasil'' and ''Nai Mout''. He created the first ''Kashmiri Narqalam'' font and ''Gulmarg Nastaliq'' font.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Som Nath Sadhu]]<br /> |1935–1982<br /> |N/A<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Apart from being a significant playwright, he had also won the [[Padma Shri]] (fourth highest Indian civilian award) in 1974.<br /> |-<br /> |Taj Begum Renzu<br /> |1935–2015<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |She is the first Kashmiri female fiction writer and journalist.<br /> |-<br /> |Ghulam Nabi Tak Naazir<br /> |1935-2015<br /> |Yaripora, [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for '''Achhre Tsange''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 1991.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bashir Bhadarwahi|Bashir Bhaderwahi]]<br /> |1935–present<br /> |[[Bhaderwah]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for his literary criticism '''Jamis Ta Kasheeri Manz Kashir Natia Adbuk Tawareekh''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2015.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mohammad Yousuf Taing]]<br /> |1935–present<br /> |[[Shopian district|Shopian]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |His work, ''Mahjoor Shinasi'' (A criticism on [[Mahjoor]]) won him the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1998.<br /> |-<br /> |Makhan Lal Kanwal<br /> |1936-2016<br /> |Sangrama, [[Sopore]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for '''Yath Aangnas Manz''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2012.<br /> |-<br /> |Mushtaq Kashmiri<br /> |1936-2022<br /> |Kav mohallà, Khanyar, Srinagar<br /> |Resistance literature<br /> |His book '''Tohfa-e-Shaheed''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' is written in the memory of his son, Ahmad ul Islam, who was a [[Kashmir conflict|militant]].<br /> |-<br /> |Moti Lal Saqi<br /> |1936–1999<br /> |Mehnoor, Chadora, [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] in 1981 for ''Mansar''.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sajood Sailani]]<br /> |1936–2020<br /> |Nowgam, Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He served as a member of [[Sahitya Akademi]]'s advisory board from 1973 to 1977 and in 1990.<br /> |-<br /> |Chaman Lal Chaman<br /> |1937–1999<br /> |N/A<br /> |Romanticism<br /> |He had represented Kashmir at the National Conference of poets in 1960.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hakeem Manzoor]]<br /> |1937-2006<br /> |Akhoon Sahib, Gojwara, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Though a prominent [[Urdu]] writer, he had written some works in [[Kashmiri language]] including ''Mea Chu Vartav Tai'' (1998) and ''Dopmai Baale Yaaras'' (1998).<br /> |-<br /> |Ayoub Sabir<br /> |1937–present<br /> |Bugam, [[Kulgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is a well known Satirist. For his famed book ''Gulalan Shaadmani'', Sabir was awarded children's best literature award by Sahitya Academy New Delhi in 2013.<br /> |-<br /> |Ali Mohammad Sheerazi<br /> |1950–present<br /> |Kralwari, Chadora, [[Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is a well known poet. His known books include ''Tamseel Aadam, Wouth Sangar Fulli, and Yaddi Vitur.'' Sheerazi is a Sarparstay Aala of Aazad Cultural forum Chadora which was founded by Moti Laal Saqi.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mashal Sultanpuri|Mishal Sultanpuri]]<br /> |1937–2020<br /> |Sultanpur, [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |In 2009 he got the Sahitya Akademi award for his book ''Vont'' on literary criticism.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Marghoob Banihali]]<br /> |1937–2021<br /> |Bankoot, [[Banihal]] <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had returned his [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi]] award in 2015, for his ''Partavistan'' (1979), a collection of poetry. <br /> |-<br /> |Hriday Kaul Bharti<br /> |1937–2020<br /> |[[Sopore]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is best known for his contemporary short stories including- ''Doan athan hinz dastaan''.<br /> |-<br /> |Rattan Lal Shant<br /> |1938–present<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for his short story '''Tshen''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2007. He is also the recipient of President's Gold medal and Nehru award.<br /> |-<br /> |Bashar Bashir <br /> |N/A<br /> |N/A<br /> |Moden-age<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for {{'}}''Yiman Padan Mye Yetsaar Gotshuy''{{'}} in 2010.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ghulam Nabi Khayal]]<br /> |1938–present<br /> |Shal mohallà, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age <br /> |He became the first Kashmiri writer to return the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] in 2015, for his ''Gashik Minaar'' (Luminaries), 1975. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Ali Mohammad Shahbaz]]<br /> |1939–1996<br /> |Shathgund, [[Handwara]]<br /> |Resistance literature<br /> |His literary work pictured and voiced the agony of [[Kashmir conflict]].<br /> |-<br /> |Rasool Pampur<br /> |1940–2015<br /> |Hassenpora, [[Bijbehara]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |He was very much inspired by the Sufi compositions of [[Lalleshwari|Lal Ded]] and [[Nund Rishi|Sheikh-Ul-Alam]]. <br /> |-<br /> |[[Farooq Nazki]]<br /> |1940–present<br /> |[[Bandipore|Bandipora]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is the son of [[Ghulam Rasool Nazki]].<br /> |-<br /> |Pyarelal Handoo<br /> |1941-2014<br /> |Chandapora, [[Habba Kadal]], [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |As a prominent theatre actor he is regarded as the 'Father of Monologues' in Kashmiri theatre. He has directed and produced around 3000 programmes which include a number of short films and documentaries.<br /> |-<br /> |Shafi Shaida<br /> |1941–2015<br /> |Akilmir Khanyar, Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |As a prominent dramatist, he scripted 26 episodes of Habba Khatoon- the first [[Urdu]] drama from Kashmir which was broadcast on [[DD Kashir|DD Kaeshur]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Omkar Nath Koul]]<br /> |1941–2018<br /> |[[Kulgam]] <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He was a prominent linguist of [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] language.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Zareef Ahmad Zareef]]<br /> |1943–present<br /> |Aali kadal, [[Downtown Srinagar|Downtown]] Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is best known for his [[satirical poetry]] and efforts to highlight various social and political problems. He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his work {{'}}''Tchoonch poot''{{'}} (a compilation of poems and prose for children).<br /> |-<br /> |Somnath Zutshi<br /> |1944-2014<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his short story '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Yeli Fol Gaash''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2003. He had also written a Kashmiri drama for [[AIR Srinagar|Radio Kashmir]] titled '''Viji Vaav''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. As a translator he had translated [[Franz Kafka]]'s [[The Trial]] and [[Nikolai Gogol]]'s [[The Government Inspector|The Inspector General]] to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]. He was awarded the Soviet Land Nehru award for Gogol's translation in 1974.<br /> |-<br /> |Anis Hamadani<br /> |N/A<br /> |N/A<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is particularly known for his short stories- '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Wajood te Chhai''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (Existence and Shadow), '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Radio Aelaana Petha Az Taam''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Wajoodas Nakha Chhaai''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Su Yeli Wuchhan Oas''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Po'z S'ad'ar te Akh Kath''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' and '''Buth te Zaath''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'.<br /> |-<br /> |Gulshan Majeed <br /> |1947–present<br /> |[[Ganderbal]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had written the literary criticism on Wahab Parray, Lassa Khan Fida and Lakhimanjoo Bulbul titled ''Na'gdi Shqar''. He had also translated [[Albert Camus]]' '[[The Fall (Camus novel)|The Fall]]' to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |Shahnaz Rasheed<br /> |1947–present<br /> |Nowpora, [[Sopore]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He released his first book ''Doad Khatith Guldanan Manz'' (Pain concealed in flower vases) in 2006, and was highly acclaimed by critics.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Abdul Ahad Hajini]]<br /> |1948–present<br /> |Hajin, [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his collection of short stories '''Akh Yaad Akh Qayamat''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2019.<br /> |-<br /> |M. K. Raina <br /> |1948-present<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |M. K. Raina has contributed to the Kashmiri language as a lexicographer, editor, writer and translator since 1989. He has written short story collections like ''Patsch'' (2004), ''Pentachord'' (2005) and ''Tsók Módúr'' (2014).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rafiq Raaz]]<br /> |1950–present<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is the author of ''Arooz Kashir Zaban'' (Prosody of [[Kashmiri language]]).<br /> |-<br /> |Shafi Shauq<br /> |1950–present<br /> |Harwan, [[Srinagar]] <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Shauq received the [[Padma Shri]] award in 2026. He is the author of ''Kaesher Lugaat'' (Dictionary of [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] language). He translated [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s short novel '[[The Death of Ivan Ilyich|The Death of Ivan Ilych]]' to Kashmiri.<br /> |-<br /> |Mohi-ud-Din Reshi<br /> |1951–present<br /> |Srinagar<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He won the Sahitya Akademi award for his collection of short stories '''Aina Aatash''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2013.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Naseem Shafaie]]<br /> |1952–present<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |She is the first Kashmiri women to win the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for her work {{'}}''Na Thsay Na Aks''{{'}} (Neither Shadow Nor Reflection) in 2009. She also won the Tagore literature award in 2009 for this work.<br /> |-<br /> |Basheer Asrar<br /> |1953–2021<br /> |Malaknag, [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is the founder of {{'}}''The District Cultural Association Anantnag''{{'}} <br /> |-<br /> |Bashir Dada<br /> |1953–present<br /> |[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is a prominent theatre actor, screenwriter and poet. His notable literary works in [[Kashmiri language]] include '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Zarum Na Doorer''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' and '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Kar Mokli Safar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'. He had also represented Kashmir in National Symposium of Poets 2009, Bhubaneshwar with his Kashmiri poem titled '''Yath Varee Andar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'.&lt;nowiki/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Wali Mohd Aseer Kashtawari<br /> |1954–present<br /> |Berwar, [[Kishtwar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his literary criticism {{'}}''Tawazun''{{'}} in 2021.<br /> |-<br /> |Yaqoob Dilkash <br /> |1954–2023<br /> |Shishgari Mohalla, Khanyar, [[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He was an eminent Radio playwright, director and actor. His notable works include '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Mallekhush watte zaroor''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Band Makanas Manz''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Ratte Mongul''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '''Zulmaat''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' etc. <br /> |-<br /> |Ghulam Ahmad Najar<br /> |1954–present<br /> |Najar Mohalla, Tekipora, [[Lolab Valley]], [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]]<br /> |Sufism <br /> |He has many Sufism books to his credit, but notably his book &quot;''Jaam-i-Arifayan''&quot; is the most comprehensive collection. <br /> |-<br /> |Sohan Lal Kaul<br /> |1955-present<br /> |Parnewan, [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is one of the most significant authors of [[Kashmiri language]] and literature. Essentially a novelist, a playwright, short story writer and a critic. His noteworthy novels are &quot;''Panien Panien Gunah''&quot;, &quot;''Ded''&quot;, &quot;''Pasiek Dar''&quot;, and &quot;''Yotam Sarie Paeth Gow''&quot;. In 2026, he authored Kashmir's first [[queer]] novel titled &quot;The American Dream&quot;.<br /> |-<br /> |Piarey Hatash<br /> |N/A<br /> |Anantnag<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is particularly known for his [[Nazm]] '''Aes Bayo Naeb Nishanay Rov''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' that had featured in the documentary [[Jashn-e-Azadi: How We Celebrate Freedom]] (2007) by [[Sanjay Kak]]. He has also translated many short stories from [[Dogri language]] to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shad Ramzan]]<br /> |1956–present<br /> |[[Kulgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi award for '''Kore Kaakud Gome Pushrith''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (2014).<br /> |-<br /> |Aadil Mohi-ud-din<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Sumbal, Jammu and Kashmir|Sumbal]], Bandipora<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had received the Sahitya Akademi award for his literary criticism titled- ''Zol Dith Sadras'' (2016).<br /> |-<br /> |[[Aziz Hajini]]<br /> |1957–2021<br /> |Hajin, [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He was the former Secretary of [[Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages|Jammu Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and languages]] (JAACL).<br /> |-<br /> |Shamshad Kralwari <br /> |N/A<br /> |Kralwara, Nagam, [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age <br /> |He is a distinguished Kashmiri poet, broadcaster, and translator. He had served as the former director of [[AIR Srinagar|Radio Kashmir Srinagar]]. As a translator, he had done the translation of [[Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky's]] '[[Crime and Punishment]]' in Kashmiri titled— ''Jurm te Saza'' (2015).<br /> |-<br /> |Majrooh Rashid<br /> |1958–present<br /> |Arwani, [[Bijbehara|Vejibror]] [[Anantnag district|Anantnag]] <br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Being a poet, he also a critic and translator. He has authored the books- '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Asri Kashir Shairi''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (1995), '''Zaban Te Adab''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (2007), '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Kashiri Shairi Hund Intikhab''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (2010) etc. He is also the author of the monographs on Asad Mir and Lassa Khan Fida published by the [[Sahitya Akademi]]. As a translator he had translated [[Franz Kafka]]'s '[[The Judgment|The Judgement]]' into [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mushtaq Ahmad Mushtaq]]<br /> |1961–present<br /> |[[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his collection of short stories '''Aakh''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2018.<br /> |-<br /> |Farooq Fayaz<br /> |N/A<br /> |N/A<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He had won the [[Sahitya Akademi Award|Sahitya Akademi award]] for his literary criticism '''Zael Dab''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in 2022.<br /> |-<br /> |Sajad Inquilabi<br /> |1964–present<br /> |Khudwani, [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |His debut collection of poetry was '''Poushgound''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (Bucket of Flowers). When he wrote this, he was just 14.<br /> |-<br /> |[[Madhosh Balhami]]<br /> |1965–present<br /> |Balhama, [[Pampore]] [[Pulwama district|Pulwama]]<br /> |Resistance literature <br /> |He is particularly known for his recitation of elegies composed for the funerals of [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|militants in Kashmir]]. On 15 March 2018, he lost his house and thirty years of written poetry to a fire in the middle of a gun battle between [[Indian Army]] and Militants. <br /> |-<br /> |Gulab Saify<br /> |1966–present<br /> |[[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]]<br /> |''Triyout literature''<br /> |Being a poet, he is also a critic. He is particularly known as the ''takhleeqkaar'' (pioneer) of ''Triyout'' genre of literature from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and the only writer who writes in this genre from the state. His well known works from this genre include '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Lal Chowk''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Haar''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' etc. The well known Kashmiri song '''Taqdeer''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' sung by Ishfaq Kawa has also been penned by him.<br /> |-<br /> |Zareefa Jan<br /> |1966–present<br /> |Poshwari, Sonawari [[Bandipore district|Bandipora]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |Her poetic world is as fascinating as her mystifying appearance. Her poetry treasure includes a few of her notebooks filled with circles. Those circles or codes can be read by her only.<br /> |-<br /> |Riyaz Anzoo<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Bijbehara]], Anantnag<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |His notable [[ghazal]]s include- '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Myon Dill Wadnovthan''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' and '''Watan Waalyo Watan Wapas Tarakhna''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'.<br /> |-<br /> |Sunita Raina Pandit<br /> |1967–present<br /> |[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Her well known works include &quot;''T'chhopi Hindi Aalaw''&quot; (The Call of Silence). Her other published [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] books are '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Rihij Yaad''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Suanzal''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Pott Zooni Vathith''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Mann Sar Tsyunum''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''Lalli Hindi Maaline Zaayun Lob''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' and '''Shuri Lyye''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'.<br /> |-<br /> |Haleema Qadri<br /> |1972–present<br /> |Churmujur, [[Budgam]]<br /> |[[Sufism]]<br /> |In 2015, she had self-published her collection of poetry, titled ''Ishq-e-Nabi''.<br /> |-<br /> |Arshad Mushtaq<br /> |1974–present<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is considered as a prominent director in [[Kashmiri language]] theatre. His well known adaptations of foreign plays or literary works include- ''Su Yee''; based on [[Samuel Beckett]]'s [[Waiting for Godot]], and ''Aalav''; based on [[John Millington Synge]]'s [[Riders to the Sea]]. He wrote his first original play- ''Be'chus Shahid'' (I am witness) in remembrance of [[Agha Shahid Ali]].<br /> |- <br /> |Shabir Hussain Shabir <br /> |1975—present<br /> |Khairkoot, Nowgam, [[Banihal]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |His collection of poetry include- ''Gash Paghuk'', ''Warqan Chikhrith Gaash,'' and ''Wadi-e-Chenab tehzeeb-o-saqafat''.<br /> |-<br /> |Nisar Azam<br /> |1977–present<br /> |Dangiwotsh, [[Rafiabad, India|Rafiabad]] [[Baramulla district|Baramulla]]<br /> |Modern-age <br /> |He released his first book ''Patti Leji Zoon Daras'' (Then the Moon's eyes froze), for which he bagged his first Sahitya Akademi Award in 2011. He has also translated many books and his works have been highly acclaimed by critics.<br /> |-<br /> |Nighat Sahiba<br /> |1983–present<br /> |[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |She had won the Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar for her ''Zard Paniek Daer'' (2017).<br /> |-<br /> |Shabir Magami<br /> |1984–present<br /> |[[Magam]], [[Budgam district|Budgam]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |Being a poet, he is also a translator and critic. Some of his well known [[Ghazal]]s that have been sung by [[Grammy Awards|Grammy award]] nominee Qaiser Nizami include- {{'}}''Maani Sir Saev Preth Isharan Manz''{{'}}, {{'}}''Mae Chu Phairan Choan''{{'}}, {{'}}''Phyur Loag Soacha Siparan''{{'}} etc.<br /> |-<br /> |Sofi Ghulam Mohd<br /> |1986–present<br /> |[[Charari Sharief]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |A critic, short-story writer, translator. He is also the author of {{'}}''Sadre Tchakis tal''{{'}}, {{'}}''Wande Bavath''{{'}}, {{'}}''Sari Harf''{{'}}, {{'}}''Pragash''{{'}} etc.<br /> |-<br /> |Rumuz-e-Bekhudi<br /> |N/A<br /> |[[Srinagar]]<br /> |Modern-age <br /> |As soon as she devoted herself to poetry writing, her verses reflected self-reliance, empowerment, and struggle amidst the valley's strife backdrop.<br /> |-<br /> |Asif Tariq Bhat<br /> |2000–present<br /> |Duderhama, [[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]]<br /> |Modern-age<br /> |He is the author of [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] novel '''Khawaban Khayalan Manz''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (2022).<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The use of the [[Kashmiri language]] began with the work ''Mahānaya-Prakāsha''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book<br /> | author = Shiti Kanta<br /> | editor = Pandit Mukunda Rama Shastri<br /> | title = The Mahanaya-Prakasha of Rajanaka Shiti Kanta<br /> | url = https://archive.org/details/mahanayaprakasha015696mbp/page/n1<br /> | publisher = The Research Department, Jammu &amp; Kashmir State<br /> | year = 1918 }}&lt;/ref&gt; by Rājānaka Shiti Kantha (c.1250),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book<br /> | author = Sisir Kumar Das<br /> | author-link = Sisir Kumar Das<br /> | title = A history of Indian literature, AD.500–1399: from courtly to the popular.<br /> | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&amp;pg=PA193<br /> | page = 193<br /> | publisher = Sahitya Akademi<br /> | year = 2006<br /> | quote = Scholars consider _Mahanayakaprakash_ (Light of the supreme lord) by Shitikantha (c.1250) as the earliest work in Kashmiri language.<br /> | isbn = 9788126021710<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; and was followed by the poet [[Lalleshvari]] or Lal Ded (14th century), who wrote mystical verses in the ''vaakh'' or four-line couplet style.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book<br /> | author = Lal Ded<br /> | author-link = Lal Ded<br /> | translator = Ranjit Hoskote<br /> | translator-link = Ranjit Hoskote<br /> | title = I, Lalla : Poems of Lal Ded<br /> | publisher = Penguin 2011<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Another mystic of her time equally revered in Kashmir and popularly known as [[Nund Rishi|Nund Reshi]] wrote powerful poetry. Later came [[Habba Khatun]] (16th century) with her own style. Other major names are [[Rupa Bhavani]] (1621–1721), Paramananda (1791–1864), [[Arnimal]] (d. 1800), [[Mahmud Gami]] (1765–1855), [[Rasul Mir]] (d. 1870), [[Maqbool Shah Kralawari]] (1820–1877). Also, the [[Sufi]] poets like [[Shamas Faqir]], [[Wahab Khar]], [[Soch Kral]], [[Samad Mir]], and Ahad Zargar. Among modern poets are [[Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur|Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor]] (1885–1952), [[Abdul Ahad Azad]] (1903–1948), and [[Zinda Kaul]] (1884–1965).<br /> <br /> During the 1950s, a number of well educated youth turned to Kashmiri writing, both poetry and prose, and enriched modern Kashmiri writing by leaps and bounds. Among these writers are [[Dinanath Nadim]] (1916–1988), [[Amin Kamil]] (1923–2014),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://kamil.neabinternational.org |title=Amin Kamil - Kashmiri literature, Kashmiri poetry |publisher=Kamil.neabinternational.org |access-date =2013-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sarwanand Koul Premi|Sarwanand Kaol Premi]] (1924–1990), [[Rehman Rahi]] (born 1925), [[Ghulam Nabi Firaq]] (1927–2016), Ali Mohammed Lone&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ali Mohammed Lone|first=A fearless dramatist|date=|title=Ali Mohammed Lone, Greater Kashmir|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/ali-mohammed-lone-a-fearless-dramatist/|access-date=18 January 2021|website=Greater Kashmir}}&lt;/ref&gt; (1928–1987), [[Akhtar Mohiuddin (writer)|Akhtar Mohiuddin]] (1928–2001), [[Ali Mohammad Shahbaz]], Avtar Krishen Rahbar (born 1933), [[Sajood Sailani]], Som Nath Zutshi, [[Muzaffar Aazim]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://kashmirilanguage.com|title=Kashmiri Language}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some later day writers are Hari Kishan Kaul, Majrooh Rashid, Rattanlal Shant, Hirdhey Kaul Bharti, [[Omkar Nath Koul|Omkar N Koul]], Roop Krishen Bhat, [[Rafiq Raaz]], Tariq Shehraz, Shafi Shauq, Showkat Shehri, M.H Zaffar, G.M Azad, Anis Hamdani, Barkat Nida, Shafi Sumbli, Bashar Bashir, Shenaz Rashid, Shabir Ahmad Shabir, Shabir Magami, Tariq Ahmad Tariq,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://lalded.8k.com |title=Welcome To the Homepage of LALDED |publisher=Lalded.8k.com |access-date=2013-03-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Moti Lal Kemmu]].<br /> <br /> Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in such magazines as &quot;''Sheeraza&quot;'' published by the Jammu &amp; Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, &quot;''Anhar&quot;'' published by the Kashmiri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazines/portals like &quot;The Kashmir Tales&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How young poets from Kashmir are creating a parallel poets' society with online mushairas|url=https://theprint.in/india/how-young-poets-from-kashmir-are-creating-a-parallel-poets-society-with-online-mushairas/448372/|website=The Print|date=27 June 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;[[Mountain Ink]]&quot;, Inverse Journal ''Neab International Kashmiri Magazine''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kashmiri Language and Literature - Kashmiri Magazine of Kashmiri Poetry, Kashmiri Fiction|url=http://www.neabinternational.org/|access-date=2021-01-18|website=www.neabinternational.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; published from Boston, ''Vaakh'' (published by All India Kashmiri Samaj, Delhi) and ''Koshur Samachar'' (published by Kashmiri Sahayak Sammiti, Delhi).<br /> <br /> ==Ancient writers in Sanskrit==<br /> <br /> *[[Charaka]],&lt;ref&gt;Martin Levey, ''Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources'', Brill Archive (1973), p. 10&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai|P. N. K. Bamzai]], ''Culture and Political History of Kashmir'' - Volume 1, M D Publications (1994), p.268&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;S.K. Sopory, ''Glimpses Of Kashmir'', APH Publishing Corporation (2004), p. 62&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Krishan Lal Kalla, ''The Literary Heritage of Kashmir'', Mittal Publications (1985), p.65&lt;/ref&gt; c. 300 BC. One of the most important authors in [[Ayurveda]].<br /> *[[Nagasena]],&lt;ref&gt;Guang Xing, ''The Concept of the Buddha'', RoutledgeCurzon (2005), p. 26&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Phyllis G. Jestice, ''Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO Ltd (2004), p. 621&lt;/ref&gt; c. 2nd century BC. One of the major figures of [[Buddhism]], his answers to questions about the religion posed by [[Menander I]] ([[Pāli|Pali]]: Milinda), the [[Indo-Greek]] king of northwestern [[India]] (now [[Pakistan]]), are recorded in the ''[[Milinda Panha|Milinda Pañha]]''.<br /> *Tisata, c. 500 AD. A medical writer.&lt;ref&gt;''Encyclopaedia of Indian Medicine: Historical perspective'', Popular Prakashan (1985), p. 100&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Jaijjata, 5th century, a medical writer and probably the earliest commentator (known) on the [[Sushruta Samhita]], later quoted by [[Dalhana]].&lt;ref&gt;Ramachandra S.K. Rao, Encyclopaedia of Indian medicine : volume 1, Popular Prakashan (2005), p. 63&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vagbhata]],&lt;ref&gt;[[:de:Claus Vogel|Claus Vogel]], ''Vāgbhaṭa Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā. The First Five Chapters of Its Tibetan Version'', Franz Steiner (1965), p.13&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Anna Akasoy &amp; co., ''Islam and Tibet: Interactions Along the Musk Routes'', Ashgate Publishing Limited (2011), p.76&lt;/ref&gt; c. 7th century. Considered one of the 'trinity' (with [[Charaka]] and [[Sushruta]]) of [[Ayurveda]].<br /> *[[Bhamaha]],&lt;ref&gt;[[Richard Pischel]], ''A Grammar of the Prakrit Languages'', Motilal Banarsidass (1999), p. 43&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Satya Ranjan Banerjee, ''The Eastern School of Prakrit Grammarians: A Linguistic Study'', Vidyasagar Pustak Mandir (1977), p. 31&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kamaleswar Bhattacharya, ''India &amp; Beyond'', [[Routledge]] (2009), p. 2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;John E. Cort, ''Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History'', [[State University of New York Press]] (1998), p.57&lt;/ref&gt; c. 7th century<br /> * Ravigupta, 700–725. &quot;Ravigupta is, perhaps, the earliest among the Buddhist philosophers of Kashmir...&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Kolar Sesha Iyer Nagarajan, ''Contribution of Kashmir to Sanskrit literature'', V.B. Soobbiah (1970), p. 426&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Anandavardhana]], 820–890<br /> *[[Vasugupta]], 860–925<br /> *[[Somananda]], 875–925<br /> *[[Vatesvara]],&lt;ref&gt;R.N. Rai, ''Karanasara Of Vatesvara'', Indian National Science Academy (1970), vol. 6, n. I, [http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b63_27.pdf p. 34] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609213439/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b63_27.pdf |date=2015-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Vaṭeśvara, ''Vaṭeśvara-siddhānta and Gola of Vaṭeśvara: English translation and commentary'', National Commission for the Compilation of History of Sciences in India (1985), p. xxvii&lt;/ref&gt; b. 880, author of [[Vaṭeśvara-siddhānta]].<br /> *[[Rudrata]], c. 9th century<br /> *[[Jayanta Bhatta]], c. 9th century<br /> *Bhatta Nayaka, c. 9th-10th century, considered by [[Sheldon Pollock]] to be the greatest author on [[aesthetics]] in the pre-modern period<br /> * [[Medhātithi]], c. 9th-10th century, one of the most influential commentators of the [[Manusmriti]] <br /> *[[Utpaladeva]], 900–950<br /> *[[Abhinavagupta]], c. 950–1020<br /> *Vallabhadeva,&lt;ref&gt;P. N. K. Bamzai, ''Culture and Political History of Kashmir'' - Volume 1, M D Publications (1994), p.269&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Sheldon Pollock]], ''Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia'', [[University of California Press]] (2003), p. 112&lt;/ref&gt; c. 10th century. Wrote, amongst other works, ''Raghupanchika'', the earliest commentary on the ''[[Raghuvamsa]]'' of [[Kalidasa]].<br /> *[[Utpala (astronomer)|Utpala]],&lt;ref&gt;Bina Chatterjee (introduction by), ''The Khandakhadyaka of Brahmagupta'', Motilal Banarsidass (1970), p. 13&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lallanji Gopal, ''History of Agriculture in India, Up to C. 1200 A.D.'', Concept Publishing Company (2008), p. 603&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kosla Vepa, ''Astronomical Dating of Events &amp; Select Vignettes from Indian History'', Indic Studies Foundation (2008), p. 372&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Dwijendra Narayan Jha]] (edited by), ''The feudal order: state, society, and ideology in early medieval India'', Manohar Publishers &amp; Distributors (2000), p. 276&lt;/ref&gt; c. 10th century. An important mathematician. <br /> *[[Kshemendra]], c. 990–1070<br /> *[[Kshemaraja]], c. late 10th century/early 11th century<br /> *[[Kathasaritsagara]], c. 11th century<br /> *[[Bilhana]], c. 11th century<br /> *[[Kalhana]], c. 12th century<br /> *Jalhana,&lt;ref&gt;P. N. K. Bamzai, ''Culture and Political History of Kashmir'' - Volume 1, M D Publications (1994), p.269&lt;/ref&gt; c. 12th century, the author of ''Mugdhopadesa'' (not to be confused with Jalhana who commissioned the ''[[Suktimuktavali]]'')<br /> *[[Sarangadeva]], c. 13th century. A [[musicologist]], he wrote [[Sangita Ratnakara]], one of the most important text when it comes to Indian music.<br /> <br /> ==Writers in Persian==<br /> {{See also|Persian language in the Indian subcontinent}}<br /> After Sanskrit and before the coming Urdu, because of the adoration and patronising policy of Persian culture by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], Persian became the literary language also of the region. Kashmir was very richly represented in that tradition, as already before the end of the 18th century &quot;Muhammad Aslah's tazkira of the Persian-writing poets of Kashmir, written during the reign of the Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] (1131-61/1719-48), alone lists 303 poets&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Collective, ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', Volume 6, p. 980&lt;/ref&gt; Late scholar from [[Pakistan]], [[Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi|Pir Hassam-ud-Din Rashidi]], edited, translated, and enlarged this work later, and had it published by the [[Iqbal Academy Pakistan|Iqbal Academy]].<br /> <br /> The most famous of them was Muhammad Tahir Ghani (d. 1669), better known as [[Gani Kashmiri]], whose poetry was recently translated into English, for the first time, by Mufti Mudasir Farooqi and Nusrat Bazaz as 'The Captured Gazelle' in the world-renowned [[Penguin Classics]] list. Ghani influenced many generations of Persian-and Urdu writing poets in South Asia including Mir Taqi Mir, Ghalib and most importantly, [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]]. Ghani's &quot;forte&quot; lies in creating delightful poetic images, usually by stating an abstract idea in the first hemistich and following it up with a concrete exemplification in the other. He also stands out for his multi-layered poems, which exploit the double meaning of words.<br /> <br /> Another name in the field of Persian-language writers from Kashmir is [[Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri]] (1521–1595), a 16th-century [[Sufi poet]]-[[philosopher]] who was internationally acknowledged and who had for students, amongst others, well-known religious scholar [[Ahmad Sirhindi]] (more particularly, he taught him [[Hadith studies|hadith]])&lt;ref&gt;Anna Zelkina, ''In Quest for God and Freedom: The Sufi Response to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus'', C. Hurst &amp; Co. Publishers (200), p. 88&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Irshad Alam, ''Faith Practice and Piety: An Excerpt from the Maktūbāt'', Sufi Peace Mission (2006), p. 20&lt;/ref&gt; and Persian-language poet Mohsin Fani Kashmiri (d. 1671 or 1672) (himself the teacher of Ghani Kashmiri and author of the pivotal work of [[comparative religion]], the [[Dabestan-e Mazaheb]]).<br /> <br /> Other of the well-known and influential Persian-language poets of Kashmir would include<br /> <br /> * [[Khawaja Habibullah Nowshehri|Habibullah Nowshehri]] (1556–1617)<br /> *Mirza Dirab Big Juya (d. 1707)<br /> *[[Gani Kashmiri]] (1630–1669)<br /> *Mirza Beg Akmal Kamil (1645–1719)<br /> *Muhammad Aslam Salim (d. 1718)<br /> *Mulla Muhammad Taufiq (1765)<br /> *[[Muhammed Azam Didamari]] (d. 1765)<br /> *Mulla Muhammad Hamid (1848)<br /> *Birbal Kachru Varasta (d. 1865)<br /> *[[Pandit Taba Ram Turki]] (1776–1847), who was a celebrity as far as Central Asia.<br /> <br /> ==Writers in Urdu==<br /> <br /> Despite being a numerically small community, the [[Kashmiri Pandits]] are influential in their contribution to Urdu literature. One important early example is [[Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim]] (1811–1845), a renowned Urdu poet of the 19th century, and hundreds of others followed his path.&lt;ref&gt;Shri Ram Bakshi, ''Kashmir: Valley and Its Culture'', Sarun &amp; Son (1997), p. 165&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some eminent Urdu literary personalities of Kashmiri origins (from both the Valley and the diaspora) include (in [[chronological]] order):<br /> &lt;!-- PLEASE RESPECT CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER --&gt;<br /> *Mir Tafazzul Hussain Khan Kashmiri (1727–1800), originally from [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]],&lt;ref&gt;Hamid Afaq Qureshi, ''The Mughals, the English &amp; the rulers of Awadh, from 1722 A.D. to 1856 A.D.'', New Royal Book Co (2003), p.79&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Amaresh Misra, ''Lucknow, fire of grace: the story of its revolution, renaissance and the aftermath'', HarperCollins Publishers India (1998), p. 57&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Purnendu Basu, ''Oudh and the East India Company, 1785-1801'', Maxwell Company (1943), p. 22&lt;/ref&gt; born in [[Sialkot]]&lt;ref&gt;[[Simon Schaffer]], ''The Brokered World: Go-Betweens and Global Intelligence, 1770-1820'', Science History Publications (2009), p. 53&lt;/ref&gt; where his parents moved and himself based in [[Lucknow]] where he served as [[Prime Minister]] (or ''diwan'') to the [[Nawab of Oudh]] [[Asaf-ud-Daula]] thanks his erudition. He was called &quot;khan-e-allama&quot; (the Scholarly Khan)&lt;ref&gt;Surendra Mohan, ''Awadh Under the Nawabs: Politics, Culture, and Communal Relations, 1722-1856'', Manohar Publishers &amp; Distributors (1997), p.80&lt;/ref&gt; due to his deep scholarship on many subjects but is best known today for having translated [[Sir Isaac Newton]]'s [[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]] from [[Latin]] into [[Arabic]].&lt;ref&gt;Edited by Bernard Lightman, ''The Circulation of Knowledge Between Britain, India and China'', [[Brill Publishers|BRILL]] (2013), p.67&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Mufti Sadruddin Khan 'Azurda',&lt;ref&gt;Abida Samiuddin, ''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature'', Global Vision Publishing House (2008), p. 94&lt;/ref&gt; 1789–1868, apart from being the [[Grand Mufti]] of [[Delhi]], he was also a personal friend to [[Ghalib]] (whose own mother was from Kashmir)&lt;ref&gt;Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, ''Persian poetry of Mirza Ghalib'', Pen Productions (2000), p. 7&lt;/ref&gt; and himself a poet of note in Urdu as well as in Arabic and Persian. He also wrote a ''tazkira'' (biographical [[anthology]] of poets).<br /> *[[Momin Khan Momin]], 1801–1852, considered one of the three pillars of the [[Delhi]] school of Urdu poetry, with [[Ghalib]] and [[Zauq]].&lt;ref&gt;K.C. Kanda, ''Masterpieces of Urdu Ghazal from the 17th to the 20th Century'', Sterling (1992), p. 182&lt;/ref&gt; Other fields where he was competent included [[mathematics]], [[geomancy]], [[astrology]], [[chess]] or [[music]].&lt;ref&gt;K.C. Kanda, ''Masterpieces of Urdu Ghazal from the 17th to the 20th Century'', Sterling (1992), p. 182&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ali Jawad Zaidi, ''A History of Urdu literature'', Sahitya Akademi (1993), p. 181&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;D.J. Matthews, ''Urdu Literature'', South Asia Books (1985), p. 86&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Daya Shankar Kaul Nasim]], 1811–1845<br /> *[[Ratan Nath Dhar Sarshar]], 1846–1903<br /> *[[Muhammad Iqbal]], 1877–1938<br /> *[[Agha Hashar Kashmiri]], 1879–1935 (called &quot;the Shakespeare of Urdu&quot; for his works as playwright)<br /> *[[Brij Narayan Chakbast]], 1882–1926<br /> *Aziz Lucknawi, 1882–1935<br /> *[[Khalifa Abdul Hakim]], 1896-1959 (a philosopher who has the honour of writing the only book on the [[metaphysics]] of Persian mystical poet [[Jalaluddin Rumi]])&lt;ref&gt;[http://khalifaabdulhakim.com/ A website on Dr Khalifa Abdul Hakim maintained by a relative and with a lot of bibliographical resources]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Patras Bokhari]], 1898–1958<br /> *[[Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum]], 1899–1978<br /> *Muhammad Din Taseer, 1902-1950 (short-story writer, literary critic and Iqbal scholar. Father of slain Pakistan's [[Governor of Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab governor]] [[Salman Taseer]] and first individual from the Sub-continent to get a PhD in English Literature from [[Cambridge University]])&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.kashmirlife.net/punjabs-kashmir-connection/ Punjab's Kashmir connection]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Shaikh Abdullah]], 1905–1982<br /> *[[Meeraji]], 1912–1949<br /> *[[Saadat Hasan Manto]], 1912–1955<br /> *[[Agha Shorish Kashmiri]], 1917–1975<br /> *[[Syed Akbar Jaipuri|Syed Akbar Jaipuri (Mujahid-E-Urdu)]], 1923–1998<br /> *[[Razia Butt]], 1924–2012<br /> *[[Anwar Shemza]], 1928–1985<br /> *[[Hakeem Manzoor]], 1937–2006, prominent [[urdu]] writer, poet and administrator.<br /> *[[Obaidullah Aleem]], 1939–2008<br /> *[[Muhammed Amin Andrabi]], 1940–2001, a scholar who belonged to the [[Traditionalist School]] of [[metaphysics]], inspired by authors like [[Ibn Arabi]], [[Muhammad Iqbal]], [[Frithjof Schuon]], [[Seyyed Hossein Nasr]] and [[Henry Corbin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/story/193515.html A Scholar-Intellectual]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *[[Allama Mustafa Hussain Ansari]], 1945–2006<br /> *[[Abid Hassan Minto]]<br /> *[[Muhammad Asim Butt]], novelist, translator and critic. <br /> *[[Muhammad Younis Butt]], writer of the most popular political satire show in Pakistan, ''[[Hum Sub Umeed Se Hain]]''<br /> *[[Rasheed Amjad]]<br /> *[[Shahid Nadeem]]<br /> <br /> ==Writers in Hindi==<br /> *[[Amar Nath Kak]]<br /> *[[Chandrakanta (author)]]<br /> *[[Omkar N. Koul]]<br /> <br /> ==Writers in English==<br /> <br /> *[[I. K. Taimni]]<br /> *[[M. P. Pandit]], prolific writer who authored some 150 books and as many articles exposing in English the thought of [[Sri Aurobindo]].<br /> *[[Chiragh Ali]], reformist Islamic scholar <br /> *[[Taufiq Rafat]], called the '[[Ezra Pound]] of Pakistan'&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://kamil.neabinternational.org |title=Taufiq Rafat - the Ezra Pound of Pakistan |publisher=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |date=2009-11-09 |access-date =2014-04-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; for both his innovative writings and his position as one of - if not the - greatest [[Pakistani English literature|English-language poets of Pakistan]].<br /> *[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br /> *[[Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]]<br /> *[[Krishna Hutheesing]]<br /> *[[Gopi Krishna (yogi)|Gopi Krishna]]<br /> *[[Subhash Kak]]<br /> *[[Nayantara Sahgal]]<br /> *[[M.J. Akbar]]<br /> *[[Hari Kunzru]]<br /> *[[Kailas Nath Kaul]]<br /> *[[Salman Rushdie]]<br /> *[[Agha Shahid Ali]]<br /> *[[Mirza Waheed]]<br /> *[[Nitasha Kaul]]<br /> *[[Basharat Peer]]<br /> *[[Adeeba Riyaz]]<br /> *[[Khalid Bashir Ahmad]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[List of Indian poets#Kashmiri|List of Kashmiri poets]]<br /> * [[List of topics on the land and the people of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> * [[Kashmir Shaivism]]<br /> * [[Kashmiriyat]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * {{cite book |last=Kaul |first=J. L. |title=Kashmiri Literature (Three Special Lectures) |location=Mysore |publisher=[[University of Mysore]] |series=Special Lecture Series |volume=31 |date=1970}}<br /> * {{cite book |first=Braj B. |last=Kachru |title=Kashmiri literature |series=A History of Indian Literature |volume=VIII, Fasc. 4 |location=Wiesbaden |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |date=1981 |editor=Jan Gonda |editor-link=Jan Gonda}}<br /> * {{Cite book |editor-last=Raina |editor-first=Trilokinath |title=A History of Kashmiri Literature |location=New Delhi |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |date=2002}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Zutshi |first=Chitralekha |chapter=The Kashmiri Narrative Public: Textuality, Orality, and Performance |title=Kashmir's Contested Pasts: Narratives, Sacred Geographies, and the Historical Imagination |location=Delhi |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2014 |pages=240–297 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199450671.003.0006}} Accessed 17 Dec. 2024.<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kashmiri Literature}}<br /> [[Category:Culture of Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Indian literature by language]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri literature]]<br /> [[Category:Literature by language]]<br /> [[Category:Pakistani literature]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=I-League_2&diff=463849 2026-03-29T08:32:44Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{pp|small=yes}}<br /> {{Short description|Third division men's association football league in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox football league<br /> | name = I-League 2<br /> | image = I-League 2.svg<br /> | pixels = 200<br /> | organiser = [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]]<br /> | founded = {{Start date and age|2008}} {{small| (as ''I-League 2nd Division'', succeeding ''[[National Football League Second Division (India)|NFL 2nd Division]]'')}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2023}} (as ''I-League 2'')<br /> | country = India<br /> |league_cup = [[Durand Cup]]{{efn|Participation via an invitation}}<br /> | confed = [[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]<br /> | teams = [[#Clubs|10]]&lt;ref&gt;https://indianfootballleague.in/i-league-2-2025-26-to-begin-on-march-27/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | levels = [[Indian football league system#Men's|3]]<br /> | promotion = [[Indian Football League]]<br /> | relegation = [[I-League 3]]<br /> | champions = [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] (1st title)<br /> | most_successful_club = [[ONGC FC|ONGC]] (2 titles)<br /> | tv = SportsKPI &lt;br&gt; AIFF ([[YouTube]])<br /> | website = [https://indianfootballleague.in/ indianfootballleague.in]<br /> | current = [[2026 I-League 2|2026]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''I-League 2''' is an Indian men's professional [[association football|football]] league.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hero I-League Qualifiers|url=https://the-aiff.com/competitions/hero-i-league-qualifiers|access-date=2021-09-04|website=www.the-aiff.com|archive-date=6 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006160908/https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/hero-i-league-qualifiers|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the 3rd tier of the [[Indian football league system]], behind the [[Indian Super League]] and the [[Indian Football League]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=27 September 2022|first=Marcus|last=Mergulhao|title=AIFF set to ban foreign players from lower leagues|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/aiff-set-to-ban-foreign-players-from-lower-leagues/articleshow/94490651.cms|agency=TNN|location=Panaji, Goa|access-date=27 September 2022|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927185737/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/aiff-set-to-ban-foreign-players-from-lower-leagues/articleshow/94490651.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Shillong Lajong return to Hero I-League after four years |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/shillong-lajong-return-to-hero-i-league-after-four-years |location=New Delhi |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522180522/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/shillong-lajong-return-to-hero-i-league-after-four-years |archive-date=22 May 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Shillong Lajong Promoted to I-League After Four Years With 2–1 Win Over Bengaluru United |url=https://www.news18.com/football/shillong-lajong-promoted-to-i-league-after-four-years-with-2-1-win-over-bengaluru-united-7880203.html |agency=Press Trust of India |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=news18.com|publisher=News18 Sports |date=21 May 2022 |location=New Delhi |first=Vivek |last=Ganapathy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522180246/https://www.news18.com/football/shillong-lajong-promoted-to-i-league-after-four-years-with-2-1-win-over-bengaluru-united-7880203.html |archive-date=22 May 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It operates as a system of [[promotion and relegation]] with the Indian Football League and the [[I-League 3]]. In 2026 it was temporarily merged with the [[I-League 3]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> I-League 2nd Division was introduced during the 2008 season, with first game played on 25 March between [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]] and [[Amity United]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ileague_2nd_division_2016-17/news.html I-League 2nd Division 2016-17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806152853/https://www.kolkatafootball.com/ileague_2nd_division_2016-17/news.html |date=6 August 2021 }} ''kolkatafootball.com''. Retrieved 6 August 2021&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> That season saw Mohammedan Sporting, [[Mumbai FC]], [[Vasco SC]] and [[Prayag United S.C.|Chirag United]] promoted to the I-League. The next season saw [[Pune FC]], [[Shillong Lajong]], [[Viva Kerala]] and [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] getting promoted.<br /> <br /> Since 2010, only top 2 teams were promoted to the I-League. [[ONGC FC]] and [[HAL SC]] in that year, in 2011 Shillong Lajong and [[Sporting Clube de Goa]], with Lajong being promoted for the second time. In 2012, ONGC and [[United Sikkim]] were promoted for the upcoming season. The 2013 saw [[Rangdajied United FC]] and Mohammedan qualifying for the I-League.<br /> <br /> In 2014, only one team got promoted from the 2nd Division, and similarly only one team got relegated from 2013–14 season.<br /> <br /> In 2016, again only one team was promoted from the 2nd division ([[Aizawl F.C.]]), and only one was relegated from the I-League ([[Dempo]]).<br /> <br /> Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the traditional final round format was scrapped in 2020. It was decided that the league will be rescheduled into a new format and all non-reserve teams from the preliminary stage will automatically progress to this round. It was officially named as I-League Qualifiers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hero I-League Qualifier 2020 to get underway on October 8 {{!}} Hero I-League|url=https://i-league.org/hero-i-league-qualifier-2020-to-get-underway-on-october-8/|access-date=2020-10-08|language=en-US|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512151951/https://i-league.org/hero-i-league-qualifier-2020-to-get-underway-on-october-8/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> After making of I-League as second division of Indian football, the AIFF decided to rename 2nd Division to I-league 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=AIFF League Committee meeting chaired online by Lalnghinglova Hmar |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-league-committee-meeting-chaired-online-by-lalnghinglova-hmar |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.the-aiff.com |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216165348/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-league-committee-meeting-chaired-online-by-lalnghinglova-hmar |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Competition format ==<br /> === 2008–2015 ===<br /> Previously, the league was formatted as a neutral venue competition with teams split into groups in which all the groups play in one stadium each. The final round is contested in a [[Round-robin tournament|double round-robin]] format, after which the top two teams get promoted to the I-League.<br /> <br /> === 2015–2017 ===<br /> The I-League core committee approved the plans for the 2015–2016 I-League 2nd division matches to be played on a home and away basis. The preliminary rounds will be played as the ''conference'' system with the teams being divided into Eastern and Western conferences. Top 3 teams from each conference will qualify for the final round of the 2015–2016 season of 2nd division I-League.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/change-format-i-league-2nd-division |title=Change in format for I-League 2nd division |author=Abhishek Jain |date=26 August 2015 |access-date=4 September 2015 |archive-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827202341/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/change-format-i-league-2nd-division |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To widen the football map of the country and to bolster the football structure, I-League committee decide to launch the 2nd division qualifier for 2016–2017 season. Participants from all the state associations would be invited to take part in 2nd division 2016–17 qualifiers. The state associations need to nominate two teams with best results, apart from the teams who would compete in Hero I-League and 2nd division league, from the state leagues to compete in the 2nd division qualifiers. The teams will fight it out amongst themselves in the zonal round followed by the final round. Eventually top two teams from the final round will get a nod to the 2nd division, provided that they fulfill the club licensing requirements in the due time.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://i-league.org/football-calendar-will-be-bolstered-with-second-division-league-qualifiers/ |title=Hero I-League &amp;#124; Football Calendar Will be Bolstered with Second Division League Qualifiers |access-date=4 September 2015 |archive-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921215137/http://i-league.org/football-calendar-will-be-bolstered-with-second-division-league-qualifiers/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2017–2018 ===<br /> The format was further altered from 2017–2018 season, the league was divided in two stages: the Preliminary and the Final. The tournament will also feature reserve teams of Indian Super League clubs. In the preliminary stage, 18 teams are divided into three groups where all matches would be played on a home and away basis. The winners of each group plus the best second-placed team would qualify for the final round. However, if reserve teams of ISL clubs finishes as winners or runners-up in any group, the position is passed on onto the next non-ISL team. The final round will be played at a central venue, the winners of which would be promoted to the next tier of Indian Football.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8773 |title=AIFF LEAGUE COMMITTEE MEETS AT FOOTBALL HOUSE |date=19 February 2018 |access-date=19 February 2018 |archive-date=19 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219212322/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8773 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2018–2019 ===<br /> Sixteen teams were allowed to participate in this season by the league committee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=LEAGUE COMMITTEE MEETS AT AIFF HQ IN NEW DELHI|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9352|work=AIFF|date=7 December 2018|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124743/https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=9352|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> A new format was introduced named as '''I-league qualifiers'''. 10 teams promoted from state leagues battled for I-league qualification.<br /> <br /> === 2022–2023 ===<br /> In a meeting held on 16 December 2022, the AIFF league committee has recommended that states that have conducted their regional leagues in previous season nominate clubs for the Hero I-League 2, with six reserve teams of the Hero ISL also joining them. A pre-tournament qualifier was held for the teams from states that have not conducted their leagues in 2021–22, from which the top two teams gained entry into the Hero I-League 2, bringing the total number of clubs to 20.<br /> <br /> These 20 teams are divided into the four groups of five and play each other in a round-robin home and away format. The group winners, along with the best second-placed team, play in the final round, a single-leg round robin format competition.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AIFF League Committee meeting chaired online by Lalnghinglova Hmar |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-league-committee-meeting-chaired-online-by-lalnghinglova-hmar |access-date=17 December 2022 |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216165348/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-league-committee-meeting-chaired-online-by-lalnghinglova-hmar |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Clubs == <br /> {{Location map+ <br /> |India3 <br /> |width=400 <br /> |caption='''2026 Indian Football league 2''' group stage clubs <br /> |places=<br /> <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=28.61 |long=77.23 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); padding:1px;&quot; class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]&lt;/span&gt; |position=bottom}}<br /> <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=28.61 |long=77.23 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); padding:1px;&quot; class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]&lt;/span&gt; |position=top}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- United SC --&gt; <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=22.975 |long=88.434444 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); border-radius:6px; padding:2px 4px;&quot;&gt;{{nowrap|[[United SC|United]]}}&lt;/span&gt; |position=left}} <br /> <br /> &lt;!-- KAMS FC --&gt; <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=25.83 |long=93.43 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); border-radius:6px; padding:2px 4px;&quot;&gt;{{nowrap|[[Karbi Anglong Morning Star FC|Morning Star]]}}&lt;/span&gt; |position=top}} <br /> <br /> &lt;!-- MYJ–GMSC --&gt; <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=19.076111 |long=72.8775 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); border-radius:6px; padding:2px 4px;&quot;&gt;{{nowrap|[[Mighty Young Joe–Goalorious Mothers SC|MYJ–GMSC]]}}&lt;/span&gt; |position=right}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- NEROCA FC --&gt; <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=24.81 |long=93.94 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); border-radius:6px; padding:2px 4px;&quot;&gt;{{nowrap|[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]}}&lt;/span&gt; |position=left}} <br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Sporting Clube de Goa --&gt; <br /> {{Location map~ |India3 |lat=15.498889 |long=73.827778 |label_size=80 |label=&lt;span style=&quot;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.6); border-radius:6px; padding:2px 4px;&quot;&gt;{{nowrap|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting&lt;br /&gt;Goa]]}}&lt;/span&gt; |position=left}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Bengaluru main marker --&gt;<br /> {{Location map~ | India3<br /> | lat = 12.978889 | long = 77.591667 |label_size=80<br /> | label = &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Bengaluru&lt;/span&gt;<br /> | mark = Blue pog.svg<br /> | position = left<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Bengaluru clubs placeholder --&gt;<br /> {{Location map~ | India3<br /> | lat = 13.00 | long = 87.00 |label_size=80<br /> | mark = TransparentPlaceholder.png<br /> | marksize = 1<br /> | label =<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[Bengaluru]] teams:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;<br /> &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | position = right<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Club<br /> !City<br /> !State<br /> !Stadium<br /> !Capacity<br /> |-<br /> |[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> |[[Bengaluru]] <br /> |[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]<br /> |8,400<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mighty Young Joe–Goalorious Mothers SC|MYJ–GMSC]]<br /> |[[Maharashtra]]<br /> |[[Mumbai]]<br /> |[[Cooperage Ground]] <br /> |5,000<br /> |-<br /> |[[Karbi Anglong Morning Star FC|Morning Star]]<br /> |[[Assam]]<br /> |[[Diphu]]<br /> |[[KASA Stadium]]<br /> |9,000<br /> |-<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> |[[Manipur]]<br /> |[[Imphal]]<br /> |[[Khuman Lampak Main Stadium|Khuman Lampak Stadium]]<br /> |35,285<br /> |-<br /> |[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |[[Panaji]]<br /> |[[Goa]]<br /> |[[GMC Athletic Stadium|Bambolim Stadium]]<br /> |3,000<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br /> |[[New Delhi]]<br /> |[[Delhi]]<br /> |TBA<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[United SC|United]]<br /> |[[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] <br /> |[[West Bengal]]<br /> |[[Kalyani Stadium]]<br /> |20,000<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sporting Club Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br /> |[[Bengaluru]] <br /> |[[Karnataka]]<br /> |[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]<br /> |8,400<br /> |-<br /> |[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> |[[New Delhi]] <br /> |[[Delhi]]<br /> |TBA<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == All-time clubs ==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left; font-size:95%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:8px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;| ||'''I-League 2'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:8px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;| ||[[Indian Super League]] / [[I-League]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:8px; background:#ffffff;&quot;| ||[[I-League 3]] / [[Indian State Leagues|State leagues]]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;width:8px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot; | ||Reserve sides (Indian Super League)<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:8px; background:#bbb;&quot;| ||Defunct clubs<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ''{{As of|2025}}''<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left; font-size:90%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Pos.<br /> !Club<br /> !City<br /> !{{Abbr|S|Season}}<br /> !{{Abbr|P|Matches played}}<br /> !{{Abbr|W|Won}}<br /> !{{Abbr|D|Draw}}<br /> !{{Abbr|L|Lost}}<br /> !{{Abbr|GF|Goal for}}<br /> !{{Abbr|GA|Goal against}}<br /> !{{Abbr|GD|Goal difference}}<br /> !{{Abbr|Pts|Total points}}<br /> !1st<br /> !2nd<br /> !3rd<br /> !Appearances<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''1''' || [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] || [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || '''11''' || '''135''' || '''72''' || '''27''' || 34 || '''205''' || 125 || '''80''' || '''239''' || 1 || '''2''' || 1 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], '''[[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''2''' || [[Vasco SC|Vasco]] || [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], [[Goa]] || 5 || 56 || 31 || 10 || 15 || 110 || 65 || 45 || 103 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''3''' || [[Royal Wahingdoh F.C.|Royal Wahingdoh]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 4 || 53 || 30 || 11 || 12 || 108 || 49 || 59 || 101 || 1 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], '''[[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''4''' || [[Lonestar Kashmir FC]]<br /> || [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 6 || 92 || 24 || 24 || 44 || 97 || 138 || -41 || 96 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;<br /> | '''5''' || '''[[United SC]]''' || [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || 5 || 64 || 26 || 15 || 23 || 89 || 87 || 2 || 93 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]], [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;<br /> | '''6''' || [[FC Bengaluru United|'''Bengaluru United''']] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 5 || 57 || 24 || 15 || 18 || 84 || 53 || 31 || 87 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]], [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;<br /> | '''7''' || '''[[NEROCA FC]]''' || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || 3 || 50 || 25 || 10 || 15 || 67 || 52 || 15 || 85 || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]], '''[[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]''', [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''8''' || [[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 9 || 84 || 22 || 17 || '''45''' || 107 || '''161''' || -54 || 83 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''9''' || [[Bhawanipore FC]] || [[Bhawanipore]], [[West Bengal]] || 4 || 45 || 22 || 14 || 9 || 78 || 52 || 26 || 80 || 0 || '''2''' || 1 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''10''' || [[Dempo SC|Dempo]] || [[Panaji]], [[Goa]] || 3 || 40 || 24 || 7 || 9 || 62 || 29 || 33 || 79 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''[[2015-16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]''', [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''11''' || [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 4 || 43 || 23 || 8 || 12 || 86 || 56 || 30 || 77 || 1 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], '''[[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''12''' || [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 4 || 39 || 22 || 10 || 7 || 66 || 29 || 37 || 76 || '''2''' || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], '''[[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]''', '''[[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''13''' || [[Southern Samity]] || [[Lake Gardens]], [[West Bengal]] || 4 || 52 || 21 || 11 || 20 || 67 || 74 || -7 || 74 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''14''' || [[Langsning SC]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 4 || 41 || 20 || 11 || 10 || 77 || 46 || 31 || 71 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''15''' || [[Aizawl FC]] || [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] || 4 || 44 || 21 || 7 || 16 || 91 || 72 || 19 || 70 || 1 || 0 || 0 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], '''[[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''16''' || [[TRAU FC]] || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || 3 || 45 || 20 || 9 || 16 || 72 || 67 || 5 || 69 || 1 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], '''[[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]''', [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''17''' || [[Hindustan FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 7 || 66 || 18 || 12 || 36 || 71 || 127 || -56 || 66 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''18''' || [[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]] || [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]] || 3 || 39 || 18 || 11 || 10 || 73 || 56 || 17 || 65 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''19''' || [[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat Milan Sangha]] || [[Kalighat]], [[West Bengal]] || 3 || 39 || 18 || 9 || 12 || 69 || 43 || 36 || 63 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''20''' || [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 3 || 29 || 18 || 6 || 5 || 53 || 27 || 26 || 60 || 1 || 1 || 1 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], '''[[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]''', [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;<br /> | '''21''' || '''[[SC de Goa|Sporting Goa]]''' || [[Panaji]], [[Goa]] || 3 || 37 || 17 || 8 || 12 || 47 || 36 || 11 || 59 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]], [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''22''' || [[Chanmari FC]] || [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] || 2 || 30 || 17 || 7 || 6 || 71 || 34 || 37 || 58 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''23''' || [[Fateh Hyderabad AFC|Fateh Hyderabad]] || [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] || 4 || 42 || 15 || 12 || 15 || 56 || 52 || 4 || 57 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''24''' || [[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Bengaluru FC (R)]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 4 || 42 || 17 || 5 || 10 || 63 || 38 || 25 || 56 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''25''' || [[Ozone FC]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 3 || 32 || 15 || 9 || 8 || 59 || 28 || 31 || 54 || 0 || 0 || '''2''' || [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''26''' || [[Sesa Football Academy]] || [[Sanquelim]], [[Goa]] || 4 || 35 || 13 || 7 || 15 || 57 || 53 || 4 || 46 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''27''' || [[Aryan FC|Techno Aryan]]|| [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || 3 || 21 || 10 || 4 || 7 || 43 || 21 || 22 || 44 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''28''' || [[ARA FC]] || [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]] || 4 || 31 || 12 || 8 || 11 || 44 || 42 || 2 || 44 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''29''' || [[KGF Academy|KGF Academy (BEML FC)]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 4 || 27 || 8 || 7 || 12 || 42 || 50 || -8 || 41 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:8px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''30''' || [[Delhi FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 2 || 19 || 12 || 3 || 4 || 44 || 13 || 31 || 39 || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]], '''[[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''31''' || [[Delhi United FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 3 || 33 || 8 || 15 || 10 || 35 || 42 || -7 || 39 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''32''' || [[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]] || [[Diamond Harbour]], [[West Bengal]] || 1 || 16 || 11 || 5 || 0 || 28 || 10 || 18 || 38 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''[[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''33''' || [[Real Kashmir FC]] || [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 2 || 19 || 11 || 5 || 3 || 30 || 22 || 8 || 38 || 1 || 0 || 0 || [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], '''[[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''34''' || [[Minerva Academy FC|Minerva Punjab]]|| [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 18 || 11 || 4 || 3 || 30 || 14 || 16 || 37 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''35''' || [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa (R)]] || [[Margao]], [[Goa]] || 4 || 32 || 10 || 7 || 15 || 42 || 45 || -3 || 37 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''36''' || [[Kerala Blasters FC Reserves|Kerala Blasters (R)]] || [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] || 3 || 25 || 10 || 4 || 11 || 41 || 44 || -3 || 34 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:8px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''37''' || [[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 1 || 14 || 11 || 0 || 3 || 28 || 12 || 16 || 33 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''[[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''38''' || [[Chhinga Veng FC]] || [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] || 1 || 16 || 10 || 3 || 3 || 30 || 17 || 13 || 33 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''39''' || [[Malabar United FC]] || [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] || 3 || 23 || 8 || 9 || 6 || 28 || 27 || 1 || 33 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''40''' || [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC|HAL]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 2 || 17 || 9 || 4 || 4 || 36 || 19 || 17 || 31 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''41''' || [[Golden Threads FC]] || [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] || 4 || 27 || 7 || 8 || 11 || 35 || 50 || -15 || 29 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''42''' || [[Chennaiyin FC Reserves and Academy|Chennaiyin FC (R)]] || [[Chennai]], [[Tamilnadu]] || 4 || 35 || 8 || 5 || 20 || 31 || 68 || -37 || 29 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''43''' || [[FC Kerala]] || [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 17 || 8 || 4 || 5 || 28 || 19 || 9 || 28 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''44''' || [[ATK Reserves And Academy|ATK (R)]] || [[Barasat]], [[West Bengal]] || 2 || 18 || 8 || 4 || 6 || 25 || 23 || 2 || 28 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''45''' || [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]] || [[Delhi]] || 2 || 20 || 8 || 4 || 8 || 23 || 28 || -5 || 28 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]], [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''46''' || [[Pune FC|Pune]] || [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] || 2 || 19 || 8 || 3 || 8 || 26 || 24 || 2 || 27 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''47''' || [[North Imphal Sporting Association|North Imphal SA]] || [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]] || 2 || 19 || 8 || 2 || 9 || 26 || 23 || 3 || 26 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''48''' || [[Mumbai FC|Mumbai]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 10 || 8 || 1 || 1 || 18 || 5 || 13 || 25 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''[[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''49''' || [[Mumbai Tigers FC]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 17 || 8 || 1 || 8 || 27 || 26 || 1 || 25 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''50''' || [[Jamshedpur FC Reserves|Jamshedpur (R)]] || [[Jamshedpur]], [[Jharkhand]] || 3 || 28 || 6 || 7 || 15 || 28 || 55 || -27 || 25 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''51''' || [[PIFA Sports FC|PIFA Sports]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 6 || 48 || 5 || 9 || 34 || 41 || 117 || -76 || 25 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]], [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''52''' || [[Garhwal FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 2 || 16 || 7 || 3 || 6 || 27 || 29 || -2 || 24 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]], [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''53''' || [[Ambernath United Atlanta FC|Ambernath United Atlanta]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 12 || 7 || 2 || 3 || 27 || 17 || 10 || 23 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''54''' || [[Oil India FC]] || [[Duliajan]], [[Assam]] || 3 || 22 || 5 || 8 || 9 || 29 || 34 || -5 || 23 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''55''' || [[Eagles FC]] || [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] || 4 || 23 || 6 || 4 || 13 || 28 || 52 || -24 || 22 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''56''' || [[Downtown Heroes FC]] || [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] || 1 || 11 || 6 || 3 || 2 || 15 || 8 || 7 || 21 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''57''' || [[Simla Youngs FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 5 || 31 || 4 || 9 || 18 || 33 || 78 || -45 || 21 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''58''' || [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] || [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]], [[Goa]] || 1 || 9 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 12 || 5 || 7 || 20 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''[[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''59''' || [[Josco FC]] || [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 14 || 6 || 2 || 6 || 21 || 21 || 0 || 20 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''60''' || [[Gangtok Himalayan S.C.]] || [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]] || 1 || 18 || 4 || 7 || 7 || 16 || 20 || -4 || 19 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2015-16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D0F0C0;&quot;<br /> | '''61''' || '''[[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT]]''' || [[Tirur]], [[Kerala]] || 1 || 16 || 6 || 4 || 6 || 21 || 23 || -2 || 22 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''62''' || [[FC Green Valley|Green Valley]] || [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]] || 3 || 19 || 4 || 7 || 8 || 23 || 32 || -9 || 19 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''63''' || [[Viva Kerala]] || [[Kochi]], [[Kerala]] || 1 || 9 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 21 || 10 || 11 || 17 || 0 || 1 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''64''' || [[DSK Shivajians FC|DSK Shivajians]] || [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 8 || 5 || 2 || 1 || 15 || 7 || 8 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''65''' || [[Amity United FC]] || [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]] || 3 || 15 || 5 || 2 || 8 || 20 || 29 || -9 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''66''' || [[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 14 || 4 || 3 || 7 || 20 || 25 || -5 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2023-24 I-League 2|2023-24]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''67''' || [[Gauhati Town Club]] || [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]] || 3 || 19 || 4 || 3 || 12 || 20 || 34 || -14 || 15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]], [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''68''' || [[South United FC]] || [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]] || 2 || 15 || 3 || 5 || 7 || 22 || 28 || -6 || 14 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]], [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''69''' || [[Rainbow AC]] || [[New Barrackpore]], [[West Bengal]] || 1 || 10 || 3 || 4 || 3 || 17 || 16 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''70''' || Jagat Singh Palahi || [[Phagwara]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 8 || 4 || 1 || 3 || 10 || 9 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''71''' || [[FC Pune City Reserves and Academy|FC Pune City (R)]] || [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 10 || 2 || 7 || 1 || 10 || 9 || 1 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017-18]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''72''' || [[New Delhi Heroes FC|New Delhi Heroes]] || [[Delhi]] || 3 || 15 || 3 || 4 || 8 || 25 || 27 || -2 || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#c1ddfd;&quot;<br /> | '''73''' || [[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]] || [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] || 1 || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 8 || 4 || 4 || 12 || 1 || 0 || 0 || '''[[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]'''<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''74''' || [[Techtro Swades United FC]] || [[Una, Himachal Pradesh]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] || 1 || 8 || 4 || 0 || 4 || 9 || 8 || 1 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''75''' || [[Hyderabad FC Reserves and Academy|Hyderabad FC (R)]] || [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]] || 2 || 14 || 3 || 3 || 8 || 10 || 16 || -6 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''76''' || [[Samaleswari SC]] || [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]] || 2 || 15 || 3 || 3 || 9 || 17 || 27 || -10 || 12 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''77''' || [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]] || [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || 2 || 12 || 3 || 1 || 8 || 17 || 18 || -1 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''78''' || [[Chandni FC]] || [[Calicut]], [[Kerala]] || 3 || 16 || 2 || 4 || 10 || 9 || 37 || -28 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''79''' || [[JCB Bhilai Brothers FC]] || [[Bhilai]], [[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 10 || 6 || 4 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''80''' || [[Punjab FC Reserves and Academy|Punjab FC (R)]] || [[Mohali]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 1 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''81''' || [[Guwahati FC]] || [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]] || 1 || 8 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 9 || 8 || 1 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015-16]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''82''' || [[Indian Bank Recreational Club]] || [[Chennai]], [[Tamilnadu]] || 1 || 10 || 3 || 0 || 7 || 9 || 17 || -8 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''83''' || [[Luangmual FC]] || [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]] || 2 || 14 || 2 || 3 || 9 || 16 || 40 || -24 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''84''' || [[Odisha FC Reserves and Academy|Delhi Dynamos (R)]] || [[Delhi]] || 1 || 9 || 2 || 2 || 5 || 5 || 9 || -4 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''85''' || [[East Bengal FC Reserves and Academy|East Bengal (R)]] || [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] || 1 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 8 || 8 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''86''' || Mumbai United AC || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 8 || 9 || -1 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''87''' || [[RKM Football Academy|RKM FA]] || [[Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh|Narayananpur]], [[Chhattisgarh]] || 1 || 8 || 2 || 1 || 5 || 8 || 15 || -7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''88''' || [[Titanium FC]] || [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 10 || 1 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 14 || -8 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''89''' || [[Kerala United FC]] || [[Malappuram]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 11 || 2 || 1 || 8 || 11 || 34 || -23 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]], [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#D7BDE2;&quot;<br /> | '''90''' || [[Mumbai City FC Reserves and Academy|Mumbai City (R)]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 2 || 15 || 1 || 4 || 10 || 8 || 40 || -32 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2020 I-League qualifiers|2020]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''91''' || [[KLASA FC|KLASA]] || [[Bishnupur, Manipur|Bishnupur]], [[Manipur]] || 1 || 16 || 2 || 1 || 13 || 8 || 38 || -30 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''92''' || [[SBI Kerala (football team)|SBI Kerala]] || [[Trivandrum]], [[Kerala]] || 2 || 10 || 2 || 0 || 8 || 10 || 19 || -9 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]], [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''93''' || [[Rajasthan Perfect FC|AU Rajasthan FC]] || [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] || 1 || 6 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 7 || -3 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''94''' || [[Madan Maharaj FC]] || [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 || 6 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 13 || -8 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''95''' || [[Kohima Komets]] || [[Kohima]], [[Nagaland]] || 1 || 8 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 4 || 25 || -21 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''96''' || [[Ryntih FC]] || [[Shillong]], [[Meghalaya]] || 1 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 4 || 4 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''97''' || [[United Chirang Duar FC|United Chirang Duar]] || [[Chirang district]], [[Assam]] || 1 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 4 || 12 || -8 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''98''' || [[Indian National FC]] || [[Delhi]] || 1 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 5 || 3 || 15 || -12 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''99''' || [[Denzong Boys FC|Denzong Boys]] || [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]] || 2 || 12 || 0 || 3 || 9 || 10 || 35 || -25 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]], [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''100''' || [[Corbett Football Club|Corbett FC]] || [[Rudrapur, Uttarakhand|Rudrapur]], [[Uttarakhand]] || 2 || 7 || 0 || 2 || 5 || 4 || 14 || -10 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]], [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''101''' || [[Bengal Mumbai FC]] || [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]] || 1 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 4 || 12 || -8 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''102''' || [[Pride Sports FC]] || [[Jabalpur]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 2 || 16 || -14 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#ffffff;&quot;<br /> | '''103''' || BLG Diamond Rock || [[Balaghat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 6 || 3 || 18 || -15 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022–23 I-League 2|2022-23]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''104''' || [[MP United FC (India)|MP United FC]] || [[Indore]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 2 || 18 || -16 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> <br /> |- style=&quot;width:10px; background:#bbb;&quot;<br /> | '''105''' || [[Madhya Bharat SC]] || [[Bhopal]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 1 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 10 || 3 || 39 || -36 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Clubs promoted/relegated to I-League 2 ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |+Promoted clubs from [[I-League 3]] to I-League 2<br /> !Season<br /> !Clubs<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br /> |[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]], [[Dempo SC|Dempo]], [[Sporting Club Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2024–25 I-League 2|2024–25]]<br /> |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]], [[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]], [[Sports Academy Tirur|SAT]], [[KLASA FC|KLASA]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2025–26 I-League 2|2025–26]]<br /> |[[Karbi Anglong Morning Star FC|Karbi Anglong Morning Star]], [[MYJ–GMSC]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |+Relegated clubs from [[I-League]] to I-League 2<br /> !Season<br /> !Clubs<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2007–08 I-League|2007–08]]<br /> |[[Viva Kerala F.C.|Viva Kerala]], [[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2008–09 I-League|2008–09]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]], [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2009–10 I-League|2009–10]]<br /> |[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]], [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2010–11 I-League|2010–11]]<br /> |[[JCT FC|JCT]], [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2011–12 I-League|2011–12]]<br /> |[[Viva Kerala]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]<br /> |[[Air India (football club)|Air India]], [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2014–15 I-League|2014–15]]<br /> |[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]<br /> |None{{efn|name=fn1|Aizawl FC were relegated, but reinstated to [[2016–17 I-League|I-League]] due to withdrawal of 3 Goan clubs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/indian-football/i-league-2016-17-aizawl-fc-reinstated-after-relegated-last-season-salgaocar-fc-opt-out |title=I-League 2016/17: Aizawl FC reinstated after getting relegated last season, Salgaocar FC opt out |date=26 September 2016 |work=sportskeeda.com |access-date=15 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817055844/https://m.sportskeeda.com/amp/football/i-league-2016-17-aizawl-fc-reinstated-after-relegated-last-season-salgaocar-fc-opt-out |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]]<br /> |[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2017–18 I-League|2017–18]]<br /> |None{{efn|name=fn2|Churchill Brothers S.C. were relegated, but reinstated to [[2018–19 I-League|I-League]] after the appeal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aiff-reinstates-churchill-brothers-in-i-league/articleshow/65882043.cms|title=AIFF reinstates Churchill Brothers in I-League|website=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 September 2018|access-date=21 September 2018|archive-date=18 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118202531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/aiff-reinstates-churchill-brothers-in-i-league/articleshow/65882043.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2018–19 I-League|2018–19]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019–20 I-League|2019–20]]<br /> |None{{efn|name=fn3|[[Aizawl FC]] were relegated, but reinstated to [[2020–21 I-League|I-League]] after inclusion of two I-League clubs to [[Indian Super League]]}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2020–21 I-League|2020–21]]<br /> |None{{efn|name=fn4|[[NEROCA FC]] were relegated but were reinstated by AIFF after viewing the situation of [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/aiff-likely-to-keep-relegation-on-hold-in-i-league/articleshow/82306931.cms|title=AIFF likely to keep relegation on hold in I-League|date=29 April 2021|website=The Times of India|access-date=20 July 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430193943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/aiff-likely-to-keep-relegation-on-hold-in-i-league/articleshow/82306931.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]<br /> |None{{efn|name=fn5|[[Mumbai Kenkre FC]] were relegated but were reinstated after the closure of the [[Indian Arrows]] project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 September 2022 |title=AIFF set to ban foreign players from lower leagues |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/aiff-set-to-ban-foreign-players-from-lower-leagues/articleshow/94490651.cms |access-date=27 September 2022 |website=twitter.com |language=en |archive-date=22 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222172303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/aiff-set-to-ban-foreign-players-from-lower-leagues/articleshow/94490651.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022–23 I-League|2022–23]]<br /> |[[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]], [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2023–24 I-League|2023–24]]<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]], [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024–25 I-League|2024–25]]<br /> |None{{efn|After being relegated at the end of the [[2024–25 I-League]] season, [[Delhi FC|Delhi]] and [[Sporting Club Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]] were reinstated.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=AIFF appeal committee issues stay order on relegation in I-League |url=https://www.news9live.com/sports/football/aiff-appeal-committee-issues-stay-order-on-relegation-in-i-league-2859059 |access-date=2025-05-27 |website=News9live |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> |}<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> === Clubs promoted/relegated from I-League 2 ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |+Promoted clubs from I-League 2 to [[I-League]]<br /> !Season<br /> !Clubs<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[I-League 2nd Division 2008|2008]]<br /> |[[Mumbai FC|Mumbai]], [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]], [[United SC|United]], [[Vasco SC|Vasco]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> |[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]], [[Viva Kerala]], [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]], [[Pune FC|Pune]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> |[[ONGC FC|ONGC]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC|HAL]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]], [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2012 I-League 2nd Division final round|2012]]<br /> |[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]], [[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2013 I-League 2nd Division final round|2013]]<br /> |[[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]], [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2014 I-League 2nd Division final round|2014]]<br /> |[[Royal Wahingdoh FC|Royal Wahingdoh]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]]<br /> |[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division final round|2015–16]]<br /> |[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division final round|2016–17]]<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> |[[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> |[[TRAU FC|TRAU]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]<br /> |[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]], [[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]], [[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br /> |[[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]], [[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |-<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]], [[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |+Relegated clubs from I-League 2 to [[I-League 3]]<br /> !Season<br /> !Clubs<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br /> |[[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]], [[Maharashtra Oranje FC|Maharashtra Oranje]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024–25 I-League 2|2024–25]]<br /> |[[KLASA FC|KLASA]], [[TRAU FC|TRAU]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Champions ==<br /> {{Col-begin}}<br /> {{Col-3}}<br /> {{Col-3}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;margin-left:1em;font-size:100%;float:right&quot;<br /> |+ '''I-League 2nd Division/I-League Qualifiers/I-League 2 champions'''<br /> !Season<br /> !style=&quot;background:gold&quot;|Champions<br /> !style=&quot;background:silver&quot;|Runners-up<br /> !style=&quot;background:#c96&quot;|Third place<br /> !Teams<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2008 I-League 2nd Division|2008]]<br /> |[[Mumbai FC|Mumbai]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |[[United SC|United]]<br /> | 6+6<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> |[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]<br /> |[[Viva Kerala]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> | 5+5+5<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> |[[ONGC FC|ONGC]]<br /> |[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC|HAL]]<br /> |[[Vasco SC|Vasco]]<br /> | 7+7+7<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]<br /> | 7+7+7<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]]<br /> |[[ONGC FC|ONGC]] (2)<br /> |[[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> | 8+8+7<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> |[[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]<br /> | 9+9+8<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> |[[Royal Wahingdoh FC|Royal Wahingdoh]]<br /> |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]<br /> |[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]<br /> | 6+5<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]]<br /> |[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]<br /> |[[Lonestar Kashmir FC|Lonestar Kashmir]]<br /> |[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]<br /> |[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |[[Minerva Academy FC|Minerva Punjab]]<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> | 5+5<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> |[[Southern Samity]]<br /> |[[Delhi United FC|Delhi United]]<br /> | 4+4<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> |[[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]<br /> |[[Hindustan FC|Hindustan]]<br /> |[[Ozone FC|Ozone]]<br /> | 6+6+6<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> |[[TRAU FC|TRAU]]<br /> |[[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]]<br /> |[[Ozone FC|Ozone]]<br /> | 5+5+6<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2020 I-League qualifiers|2020]]<br /> |[[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]<br /> |[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> | 6+5+6<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2021 I-League qualifiers|2021]]<br /> |[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]<br /> |[[Kenkre FC|Kenkre]]<br /> |[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> | 4+5<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | {{nowrap|[[2022–23 I-League 2nd Division|2022–23]]}}<br /> |[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |[[Ambernath United Atlanta FC|Ambernath United Atlanta]]<br /> | 17+4<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]<br /> |[[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br /> |[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; | [[2024–25 I-League 2|2024–25]]<br /> |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br /> |[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]<br /> |[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | {{Further-text|&lt;br /&gt;[[List of Indian football champions|Indian football champions]]}}<br /> |}<br /> {{Col-3}}<br /> {{Col-3}}<br /> {{Col-end}}<br /> <br /> === Performance by clubs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> ! Club !! Titles !! Runners-up !! Third place !! Winning seasons !! Runners-up seasons !! Third place seasons<br /> |-<br /> |[[ONGC FC|ONGC]]<br /> |2<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2010, 2012<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |1<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |2020<br /> |2008, 2013<br /> |2012<br /> |-<br /> |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |2011<br /> |2022–23<br /> |2009<br /> |-<br /> |[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |2015–16<br /> |2023-24<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |2016–17<br /> |<br /> |2015–16<br /> |-<br /> |[[Delhi FC|Delhi]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |2022–23<br /> |<br /> |2021<br /> |-<br /> |[[Mumbai FC|Mumbai]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2008<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2009<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2013<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Royal Wahingdoh FC|Royal Wahingdoh]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2014<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2015<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2017–18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[TRAU FC|TRAU]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2018–19<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2021<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2023–24<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Diamond Harbour FC|Diamond Harbour]]<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2024–25<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]<br /> |0<br /> |2<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |2014, 2020<br /> |2013<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<br /> |0<br /> |1 <br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |2011<br /> |2024–25<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chanmari FC|Chanmari]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |2024–25<br /> |2015<br /> |-<br /> |[[Viva Kerala Football Club|Viva Kerala]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2009<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited SC|HAL]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2010<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[United Sikkim FC|United Sikkim]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2012<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Lonestar Kashmir FC|Lonestar Kashmir]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2015<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Minerva Academy FC|Minerva Punjab]]<br /> |0<br /> |1 <br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2015–16<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Southern Samity]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2016–17<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Hindustan FC|Hindustan]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2017–18<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]]<br /> |0<br /> |1 <br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2018–19<br /> |<br /> |- <br /> |[[Mumbai Kenkre FC|Mumbai Kenkre]]<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |0<br /> |<br /> |2021<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Vasco SC|Vasco]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2010, 2011<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ozone FC|Ozone]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |2<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2017–18, 2018–19<br /> |-<br /> |[[United SC|United]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2008<br /> |-<br /> |[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat MS]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2014<br /> |-<br /> |[[Delhi United FC|Delhi United]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2016–17<br /> |-<br /> |[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2020<br /> |-<br /> |[[Ambernath United Atlanta FC|Ambernath United Atlanta]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2022–23<br /> |-<br /> |[[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]<br /> |0<br /> |0<br /> |1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |2023–24<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Sponsorship and media coverage ==<br /> === Sponsorship ===<br /> From 2008 to 2011 the league was sponsored by [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] (ONGC) and was named the '''ONGC I-League 2nd Division'''. ONGC was also the title sponsor of the I-League. In October 2011 ONGC was dropped as a sponsor.<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Period<br /> ! Title Sponsor<br /> ! Tournament<br /> |-<br /> | 2008–2011<br /> | [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]]<br /> | ONGC I-League 2nd Division<br /> |-<br /> | 2011–2017<br /> | ''none''<br /> | I-League 2nd Division<br /> |-<br /> | 2017–2023<br /> | [[Hero MotoCorp]] <br /> | Hero I-League 2nd Division / I-League Qualifiers (2020)<br /> |-<br /> | 2023–present <br /> | ''none''<br /> | I-League 2<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Broadcasters ===<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Period<br /> ! TV telecast<br /> ! Online streaming<br /> |-<br /> | 2007–2010<br /> | [[Sony Ten|Zee Sports]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | 2010–2017<br /> | [[Sony Ten|Ten Action]], [[Ten Sports]]<br /> | [[DittoTV]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2017–2019<br /> | [[JioTV]]<br /> |<br /> |- <br /> | 2019–2022<br /> | [[1Sports]] <br /> | [[Facebook]], [[JioTV]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2022–2024<br /> |<br /> | [[YouTube]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2024–present<br /> | [[Sony Sports]]<br /> | SSEN<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Winning coaches ==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> |-<br /> !Head coach<br /> !Club<br /> !Wins<br /> !Winning years<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[L. Nandakumar Singh]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Royal Wahingdoh, TRAU<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|2<br /> |2014, 2018–19<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Dave Booth]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Mumbai <br /> |rowspan=&quot;15&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|1<br /> |2008<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} Peter Vales<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Salgaocar<br /> |2009<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Caetano Pinho]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|ONGC<br /> |2010<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Pradhyum Reddy]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Shillong Lajong<br /> |2011<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Philippe De Ridder]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|United Sikkim<br /> |2012–13<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} Karsing Kurbah<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Rangdajied United <br /> |2013–14<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} Hmingthana Zadeng<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Aizawl<br /> |2014–15<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mauricio Afonso]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Dempo<br /> |2015–16<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gift Raikhan]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|NEROCA<br /> |2016–17<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|SCO}} [[David Robertson (footballer, born 1968)|David Robertson]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Real Kashmir<br /> |2017–18<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Yan Law]] &lt;br/&gt; ''(sacked midway)''<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Mohammedan SC<br /> |2020<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} Vikrant Sharma<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Rajasthan United<br /> |2021<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Surinder Singh (footballer)|Surinder Singh]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Delhi FC<br /> |2022-23<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chinta Chandrashekar Rao]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|SC Bengaluru <br /> |2023-24<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Kibu Vicuña]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Diamond Harbour<br /> |2024-25<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Top scorers ==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Season<br /> !Top scorer<br /> !Club<br /> !Goals<br /> |-&lt;!--2008--&gt;<br /> ||[[2008 I-League 2nd Division|2008]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} Fredrick Okwagbe<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]<br /> |6<br /> |-&lt;!--2009--&gt;<br /> ||[[2009 I-League 2nd Division|2009]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Badmus Babatunde]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Viva Kerala F.C.|Viva Kerala]]<br /> |6<br /> |-&lt;!--2010--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2010 I-League 2nd Division|2010]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} Badmus Babatunde<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]<br /> |rowspan=2|4<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Joy Ferrao]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]<br /> |-&lt;!--2011--&gt;<br /> ||[[2011 I-League 2nd Division|2011]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} Stanley Okoroigwe<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Aryan FC|Techno Aryan]]<br /> |6<br /> |-&lt;!--2012--&gt;<br /> ||[[2012 I-League 2nd Division|2012]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Daniel Bedemi]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]<br /> |11<br /> <br /> |-&lt;!--2013--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2013 I-League 2nd Division|2013]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} Badmus Babatunde<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Rangdajied United F.C.|Rangdajied United]]<br /> |rowspan=2|8<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Hudson Lima Da Silva]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bhawanipore FC|Bhawanipore]]<br /> |-&lt;!--2014--&gt;<br /> ||[[2014 I-League 2nd Division|2014]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} Daniel Bedemi<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]<br /> |8<br /> |-&lt;!--2015--&gt;<br /> ||[[2015 I-League 2nd Division|2015]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Singh (footballer)|Ajay Singh]] <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |11<br /> |-&lt;!--2016--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2015–16 I-League 2nd Division|2015–16]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Felix Chidi Odili]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]<br /> |rowspan=2|7<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|IND}} Atinder Mani<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Lonestar Kashmir F.C.|Lonestar Kashmir]]<br /> |-&lt;!--2017--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2016–17 I-League 2nd Division|2016–17]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Odafa Okolie]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Southern Samity]]<br /> |rowspan=2|9<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|Nigeria}} Felix Chidi Odili<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[NEROCA FC|NEROCA]]<br /> |-&lt;!--2017-18--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=1|[[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|Brazil}} Robert de Souza Ribiero<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Ozone FC|Ozone]]<br /> |rowspan=1|10<br /> |-&lt;!--2018–19--&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2|[[2018–19 I-League 2nd Division|2018–19]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|GHA}} Phillip Adjah<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]<br /> |rowspan=2|10<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{flagicon|NGA}} [[Princewill Emeka]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[TRAU F.C.|TRAU]]<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[2020 I-League Qualifiers|2020]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Syed Shoaib Ahmed]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |[[ARA FC|ARA]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |7<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|NGA}} Ekombong Victor Philip<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Garhwal FC|Garhwal]]<br /> |-<br /> ||[[2021 I-League Qualifiers|2021]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali Jr.]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; |[[Delhi FC]]<br /> |rowspan=1|4<br /> |-<br /> |[[2022–23 I-League 2|2022–23]]<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{Flagicon|IND}} Irfan Yadwad<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]<br /> |13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|{{nowrap|[[2023–24 I-League 2|2023–24]]}}<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{Flagicon|IND}} Thomyo L Shimray<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[SC Bengaluru|Sporting Bengaluru]]<br /> |rowspan=2|11<br /> |-<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|{{Flagicon|IND}}Sahil Harijan<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[United SC]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024-25 I-League 2|2024-25]]<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | {{flagicon|IND}} Akshunna Tyagi<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Bengaluru United]]<br /> |8<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> === Prize money ===<br /> &lt;small&gt;As updated on 19 May 2023:&lt;/small&gt;{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Champions || {{INR}} 70 lakhs<br /> |-<br /> | Runners-up || {{INR}} 50 lakhs<br /> |-<br /> | Match winner || {{INR}} 50,000<br /> |-<br /> | Hero of the match ||{{INR}} 20,000<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Football in India]]<br /> * [[History of Indian football]]<br /> * [[List of football clubs in India]]<br /> * [[National Football League Third Division (India)|NFL Second Division]]<br /> * [[National Football League Third Division (India)|NFL Third Division]]<br /> * [[Santosh Trophy]]<br /> * [[Hero MotoCorp]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;!-- This reference is not used in text &lt;ref&gt;Hero iLeague. [http://www.kolkatasports.com/ileague-2nd-division-2015.php &quot;iLeague 2nd Division&quot;], Retrieved on November 14, 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{I-League 2}}<br /> {{I-League seasons}}<br /> {{Football in India}}<br /> {{National sports leagues of India}}<br /> {{AFC third leagues}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:I-League 2| ]]<br /> [[Category:Professional sports leagues in India]]<br /> [[Category:Football leagues in India]]<br /> [[Category:I-League|2]]<br /> [[Category:All India Football Federation competitions]]<br /> [[Category:Sports leagues established in 2008]]<br /> [[Category:Third-level association football leagues in Asia]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandraharam&diff=458385 2026-03-27T02:54:16Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: minor edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Sources exist|date=February 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Chandraharam<br /> | image = Chandraharam.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]&lt;br /&gt;[[L. V. Prasad]] {{small|(Supervision)}}<br /> | producer = [[B. Nagi Reddy|Nagi Reddy]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Aluri Chakrapani|Chakrapani]]<br /> | writer = [[Pingali Nagendra Rao]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(story / dialogues / songs)}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] {{small|(Tamil)}}<br /> | starring = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Sriranjani (junior)|Sriranjani]]<br /> | music = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]<br /> | cinematography = [[Marcus Bartley]]<br /> | editing = Jambulingam<br /> | studio = [[Vijaya Productions]]<br /> | released = {{film date|df=yes|1954|1|6|}}<br /> | runtime = 174 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu&lt;br /&gt;Tamil<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Chandraharam''''' is a 1954 Indian [[swashbuckler film]] directed by [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]] in his debut. It was produced by [[B. Nagi Reddy|Nagi Reddy]]-[[Aluri Chakrapani|Chakrapani]] under the [[Vijaya Productions]] banner. The film, a [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] bilingual, stars [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] and [[Sriranjani Jr.]], with music composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]].&lt;ref name=&quot;encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=330–331 |orig-date=1994}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was not commercially successful.&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srihari |first=Gudipoodi |title=Telugu Cinema – Past and Present |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-tc4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006211806/http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-tc4.html |archive-date=6 October 2022 |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema (Part 13) |url=http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema13.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207113115/http://www.cinegoer.com/telugucinema13.htm |archive-date=7 February 2012 |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=CineGoer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The film begins in the kingdom of Chandana Desam, a baby boy, Chandanraju, is born to its king by the boon of Chandra with a necklace ''Chandraharam'' which preserves his life. At the age of five, Maali Chandan's mentor starts turning him into a jack of all trades with ethical and royal moralities. Years roll by, and Chandan must get nuptial lest his life is in danger; hence, his parents procure portraits of neighboring princesses. All the while, Chandan has a dream girl and affirms to knit her. The king edicts Maali to quest for the girl and sends Chandan to tour the country. Chandan's sly brother-in-law, Dhoomekatu, wants to usurp the kingdom and ploys to break Chandan's intention and sends his sidekick, Niksheparayudu, behind him. Niksheparayudu detects the girl Gauri and tricky hides her. Besides, Chanchala is an angel who entices Chandan, which he denies. So, she snatches his Chadraharam and says he will be alive only in the night. Meanwhile, Gauri absconds and collapses when Chanchala's sister Achala aids her land at Chandan, whom Maali splices. Dhoomketu threatens the king to crown him, and as inevitable, he agrees. During this time, Niksheparayudu detects Gauri's presence at Maali's residence, whom he put out of sight in a temple. Consequently, infuriated Chanchala kills Chandan when Dhoomketu incriminates and sentences Gauri to the funeral pyre. At last, Gauri's adoration retrieves Chandan to life. Chanchala is cursed by [[Indra]] by stripping her divinity. Dhoomekatu and Niksheparayudu also plead pardon. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the crowning ceremony of Chadanraju.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[N.T. Rama Rao]] as Prince Chandan<br /> *[[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]] as Chanchala<br /> *[[Sriranjani Jr.]] as Gauri<br /> *[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Mali<br /> *[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Dhumaketu<br /> *[[R. Nageswara Rao]]<br /> *[[Padmanabham]]<br /> *[[Valluri Balakrishna|Balakrishna]]<br /> *K. V. S. Sarma<br /> *Joga Rao<br /> *[[Suryakantham (actress)|Suryakantham]]<br /> *[[Rushyendramani]] as Maridamma<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> The film was produced by [[B. Nagi Reddy|Nagi Reddy]] and [[Chakrapani (director)|Chakrapani]] under the banner [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios|Vijaya Pictures]] simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil. This is the directorial debut for [[Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]. The cinematography was by Marcus Bartley. [[Aluri Chakrapani|Chakrapani]] wrote the story while [[Pingali Nagendra Rao]] wrote the dialogues and lyrics for the Telugu version.&lt;ref name=&quot;encyclopedia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]] wrote the dialogues and lyrics for the Tamil version.&lt;ref name=&quot;neelamegam&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> <br /> === Telugu songs ===<br /> Music was composed by [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]. Lyrics were written by [[Pingali Nagendra Rao]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Chandraharam (1954) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=A0001325 |website=[[Raaga.com]] |access-date=3 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531210202/http://www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/moviedetail.asp?mid=A0001325 |archive-date=31 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Song title !!Singers !!Length<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Idi Naa Cheli&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |2:38<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Enchesthe Adhi Ghanakaryam&quot;<br /> |[[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao|Pithapuram]]<br /> |2:34<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Vignana Deepamunu&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |3:30<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Laali Jaya Laali&quot;<br /> |N. Lalitha<br /> |3:36<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Yemi Siksha Kaavalo&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |2:38<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Ye Saadhuvvlu&quot;<br /> |[[P. Leela]]<br /> | 6:03<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Neeku Neeve Thodugaa&quot;<br /> |[[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]<br /> |3:20<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Yevarivo Yechatanundivo&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala, [[A. P. Komala]]<br /> |5:28<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Yevare Yevare&quot;<br /> |[[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]]<br /> |4:48<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Yenadu Modalidithivo&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |2:43<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Krupa Ganavaa Naa&quot;<br /> |P. Leela<br /> |3:28<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Jaya Jaya&quot;<br /> |Ghantasala<br /> |3:19<br /> |-<br /> |&quot;Daya Ganave Thalli&quot;<br /> |P. Leela<br /> |3:14<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil songs ===<br /> Lyrics by [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]].&lt;ref name=&quot;neelamegam&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam&amp;nbsp;— Part 2 |date=November 2016 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=70–71 |language=Tamil}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Arut Jyothi Devam&quot; || [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]|| [[Ramalinga Swamigal]]|| 02:38<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Laali Jaya Laali&quot; || [[N. Lalitha Bhanu|N. Lalitha]]|| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |[[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]]|| 03:36<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Enadhaaruyir Vanithamani&quot; || rowspan=3|Ghantasala || 3:30<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Enna Sidshai Unakku Vendum&quot; || 02:38<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Vidhiye Un Leelai Idhuvo&quot; || 02:43<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Arul Purivai Amma&quot; || rowspan=3|[[P. Leela]]||06:03<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Thayavillaiyo En Kurai Kelaayo&quot; ||<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Jagam Meedhil Alai Modhum&quot; ||<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Edhu Seidhaal Adhu&quot; || [[Madhavapeddi Satyam|M. Sathyam]] &amp; Group || 03:30<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Vaazhivile Kanavu Palikkumo&quot; || Ghantasala &amp; [[A. P. Komala]]|| 05:28<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Alaigal Sayanamael&quot; || [[K. Rani (singer)|K. Rani]]|| 04:48<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Unakku Neeye Thunai Enre&quot; || M. Sathyam || 03:28<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Kamalakara Kameswara Rao}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1954 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 multilingual films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:1954 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Ghantasala (musician)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian multilingual films]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oli_Ahmad&diff=475487 2026-03-26T04:53:46Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: cleanup page further and cleaned formatting per standard format</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}<br /> {{redirect|Oli Ahmed|another politician|Oli Ahmed (Comilla politician)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Oli Ahmad<br /> | native_name = অলি আহমদ<br /> | native_name_lang = bn<br /> | honorific_suffix = [[Bir Bikrom|BB]]<br /> | honorific_prefix = [[Colonel]]<br /> | image = Oli Ahmed , President - LDP.jpg<br /> | caption = Ahmad in 2004<br /> | office = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)|President of Liberal Democratic Party]]<br /> | term_start = 26 October 2006<br /> | 1blankname = Secretary-General<br /> | 1namedata = [[Redwan Ahmed]]<br /> | predecessor = ''office established''<br /> | office1 = <br /> | term_start1 = <br /> | term_end1 = <br /> | primeminister1 = <br /> | office2 = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Chittagong-13]]<br /> | parliament2 = Bangladesh<br /> | predecessor2 = [[Afsar Uddin Ahmed]]<br /> | successor2 = [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury]]<br /> | term_start2 = 28 February 1991<br /> | term_end2 = 5 December 2014<br /> | constituency3 = [[Chittagong-14]]<br /> | parliament3 = Bangladesh<br /> | term_start3 = 10 June 1996<br /> | term_end3 = 25 December 2001<br /> | predecessor3 = [[Shajahan Chowdhury (Chittagong politician)|Shajahan Chowdhury]]<br /> | successor3 = Shajahan Chowdhury<br /> | office4 = [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|Minister of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources]]<br /> | term_start4 = 19 March 1996<br /> | term_end4 = 30 March 1996<br /> | primeminister4 = [[Khaleda Zia]]<br /> | predecessor4 = [[Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain (born 1946)|Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain]]<br /> | successor4 = [[Jamilur Reza Choudhury]]<br /> | office5 = [[Minister of Road Transport and Bridges|Minister of Communications]]<br /> | primeminister5 = [[Khaleda Zia]]<br /> | term_start5 = 20 March 1991<br /> | term_end5 = 19 March 1996<br /> | predecessor5 = [[Anwar Hossain Manju]]<br /> | successor5 = [[Abdul Matin Chowdhury (politician)|Abdul Matin Chowdhury]]<br /> | office6 = <br /> | term_start6 = <br /> | term_end6 = <br /> | office7 = <br /> | term_start7 = <br /> | term_end7 = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|09|30|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Chittagong]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br /> | otherparty = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] &lt;small&gt;(1988–2006)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | party = [[Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)|Liberal Democratic Party]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2006–present)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | spouse = Mumtaza Begum<br /> | children = 4<br /> | allegiance = {{PAK}} (Before 1971)&lt;br&gt;{{BAN}}<br /> | branch = {{army|Pakistan}}&lt;br&gt;{{army|Bangladesh}}<br /> | serviceyears = 1967-1980<br /> | unit = [[East Bengal Regiment]]<br /> | rank = [[File:Bangladesh-army-OF-5.svg|20px]] [[Colonel (Bangladesh)|Colonel]]<br /> | commands = *Sub-Commander of [[List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War|Sector - I]]<br /> *BM of [[Z Force (Bangladesh)|Z Force]]<br /> *CO of 24th [[East Bengal Regiment]]<br /> | battles = [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]<br /> | awards = [[File:Bir Bikrom Ribbon.svg|30px]] [[Bir Bikrom]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Colonel Oli Ahmad''' (born 30 September 1941)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Profile - Oli Ahmad |url=https://tritiyomatra.com/profile/25|access-date=2023-09-30 |website=tritiyomatra.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029183829/https://tritiyomatra.com/profile/25 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a Bangladeshi politician. He is a former minister and a member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]]. He is a former [[Bangladesh Army]] officer. He is a former [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] politician and currently president of the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)|Liberal Democratic Party]] of Bangladesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;oli&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military career==<br /> ===Pakistan Army===<br /> He was commissioned in the Pakistani Army in 1967.He was posted to 4th East Bengal Regiment in 1967.On 24 September 1970 he was posted to 8th East Bengal Regiment.<br /> <br /> ===Liberation War of Bangladesh===<br /> Ahmad was one of the Bengali Military officers to revolt against the Pakistani army on 25 March 1971 before the start of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].<br /> He was the first officer to be awarded the [[Bir Bikrom]] for his bravery during that war. He fought under [[Major (rank)|Major]] [[Ziaur Rahman]] in Sector No. 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;oli&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bangladesh Army===<br /> After the independence of Bangladesh, he was promoted to the rank of Major in October 1972. Later, he served as the 2nd-in-Command of 19,9,10 and 6 East Bengal Regiment. In September 1975, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and was appointed as the commanding officer of 24 East Bengal Regiment in [[Saidpur, Bangladesh|Saidpur]]. In November 1975, he was posted to Army Headquarters as General Staff Officer-1 (Operations).Later, he served in the office of Army Chief, DCMLA, CMLA and the [[President of Bangladesh]]. In January 1980, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel. On 10 January 1980, he resigned from the Army.&lt;ref name=&quot;oli&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Bio Data, English {{!}} Dr. Oli Ahmad, Bir Bikram |url=https://dr-oliahmad.com/bio-dataenglish/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008073209/https://dr-oliahmad.com/bio-dataenglish/ |access-date=19 October 2024|archive-date=8 October 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political career==<br /> Ahmad is highly regarded as one of the key founding members of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP). On 26 October 2006, Ahmad and several other senior leaders of the BNP defected to form the Liberal Democratic Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dissidents quit Bangladesh's ruling party, alleging corruption |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/26/asia/AS_POL_Bangladesh_Dissidents.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=26 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310153712/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/26/asia/AS_POL_Bangladesh_Dissidents.php |archive-date=10 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Badruddoza, Oli form new political party |url=http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_31773.shtml |newspaper=The New Nation |date=27 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105210137/http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_31773.shtml |archive-date=5 November 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; At present he is serving as the president of Liberal Democratic Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecs.gov.bd/page/politacal-party-new|title=Bangladesh Election Commission|website=www.ecs.gov.bd}}&lt;/ref&gt; While performing as Chief Coordinator for 20 Party Alliance, Ahmad launched a new movement called &quot;Jatiya Mukti Mancha&quot; on 27 June 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.daily-sun.com/amp/post/402742|title = Oli declares new political alliance with aim to 'free Khaleda'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/oli-ahmed-announces-new-alliance-aim-free-khaleda-zia-1763215|title=Oli announces new alliance with aim to 'free Khaleda'|date=27 June 2019|work=The Daily Star}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Elections ==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !colspan=1|General Election<br /> !colspan=1|Parliamentary Seat<br /> !colspan=1|Vote<br /> !colspan=1|Percentage of total vote<br /> !colspan=1|Political Party<br /> !colspan=1|Result<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008||[[Chittagong-13]]||82,036||45.8|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Liberal Democratic Party || Won<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chittagong-14]]||63,412||26.9|| 2nd<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001||[[Chittagong-13]]||70,016||53.8|| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]|| Won<br /> |-<br /> |[[Chittagong-14]]||64,184||29.1|| 2nd<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996||[[Chittagong-13]]||62,323||61.8|| Won <br /> |-<br /> |[[Chittagong-14]]||75,855||48.2|| Won<br /> |-<br /> |1991||[[Chittagong-13]]||52,072||59.5|| Won<br /> |}<br /> <br /> In 1996, there was 2 election (6th &amp; 7th Parliament), Dr. Oli Ahmad was elected MP both times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-6th-parliament-members-bangla|title=List of 6th Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043043/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-6th-parliament-members-bangla|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-7th-parliament-members-bangla#|title=List of 7th Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> He was first elected from Chandanaish, in March 1980 by-election &amp; was in the 2nd Parliament.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-2nd-parliament-members-bangla|title=List of 2nd Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bangladesh Football Federation==<br /> Ahmad served as the president of the [[Bangladesh Football Federation]] (BFF) from 1992 until he resigned in late 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dr-oliahmad.com/190-2/|title=Dr. Oli Ahmad, Bir Bikram|website=dr-oliahmad.com|access-date=29 January 2025|archive-date=29 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129123524/https://dr-oliahmad.com/190-2/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/ক্লাবই-যখন-খেলেছে-‘বাংলাদেশ’-নামে |script-title=bn:ক্লাবই যখন খেলেছে 'বাংলাদেশ' নামে|first=Nair |last=Iqbal |work=Prothom Alo |date=25 September 2017 |language=bn |access-date=26 July 2022 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603101410/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/k64dpp83ja|language=bn|title='বাংলাদেশ' নাম নিয়ে মুক্তিযোদ্ধার ইয়েমেনকে হারানোর সেই গল্প|first=Niar|last=Iqbal|date=July 17, 2023|access-date=March 17, 2024|website=Prothomalo}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Publications==<br /> Books published by Oli Ahmad include:<br /> * ''Revolution, Military Personnel and the War of Liberation in Bangladesh''. Dhaka: Dizzy Publications, 2004.<br /> * ''Battles That I Fought and Interviews of Liberation War Heroes''. Dhaka: Annesha Prokashon, 2009.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * &quot;Statesmen's Who's Who&quot; – book published in 1992<br /> * &quot;Asia Pacific Who's Who&quot; published in 2009 – Vol. IX from New Delhi, India<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{commons-inline}}<br /> * [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/23/world/accord-will-allow-refugees-return-to-bangladesh.html, &quot;Accord Will Allow Refugees' Return to Bangladesh&quot;]<br /> * {{cite magazine |title=Campaign of violence |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2006/11/02/campaign-of-violence |magazine=The Economist |date=2 November 2006}}{{Relevance inline|reason=Doesn't mention Oli Ahmad|date=August 2016}}<br /> * [http://news.priyo.com/politics/2011/07/31/oli-ahmed-agrees-launching-uni-33238.html, &quot;Oli Ahmed agrees on launching united anti-govt movement with Khaleda&quot;]<br /> *[http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=32e8e6c03f3fa46eb672dc5680bff7da&amp;nttl=2012012922743, &quot;Col Oli Supports BNP's anti-government movement&quot;]<br /> * [http://www.bdinn.com/news/ugly-faces-of-ruling-party-oli-comes-under-attack/, &quot;Ugly faces of ruling party, Oli comes under attack&quot;]<br /> * [http://www.banglanews24.com/English/detailsnews.php?nssl=93eb9cfb64391c4ee20ac49e72216fa4&amp;nttl=2012092430942, &quot;Col Oli gets bail in 2 cases&quot;]<br /> * [http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=234543, &quot;Off to Jail&quot;]<br /> * [http://www.dr-oliahmad.com personal website]<br /> * [http://ldp-bangladesh.com ldp website]<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmad, Oli}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1939 births]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladesh Army colonels]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladesh Army officers]]<br /> [[Category:Ministers of road transport and bridges of Bangladesh]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi political party founders]]<br /> [[Category:Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh) politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Bir Bikrom]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Chittagong]]<br /> [[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:2nd Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:5th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:6th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:7th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br /> [[Category:Mukti Bahini personnel]]<br /> [[Category:Presidents of the Bangladesh Football Federation]]<br /> [[Category:Bangladeshi football administrators]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi military personnel]]<br /> [[Category:People from Chandanaish]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Coogan&diff=541079 2026-03-15T05:21:44Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Starting A Article...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian composer and actor (1907–1957)}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Thomas Coogan<br /> | image = Thomas Coogan.jpg<br /> | caption = Portrait of Fernandes during his youth <br /> | birth_name = João Thomas Fernandes<br /> | birth_place = [[Karachi]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] (now Karachi, [[Sindh]], Pakistan)<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1907|4|25|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Bombay, Bombay State]] (now Mumbai, [[Maharashtra]]), India<br /> | death_date = {{death year and given age|1957|50}}<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Composer|singer|theatre actor|theatre director|playwright}}<br /> | years_active = 1940s–1950s<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''João Thomas Fernandes''' (25 April 1907 – {{circa|1957}}), known professionally as '''Thomas Coogan''', was an Indian composer, singer, theatre actor, [[theatre director]], and playwright known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions from the 1940s to 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Comedians of tiatr stage |url=https://www.thegoan.net//comedians-of-tiatr-stage/1557.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203182754/https://www.thegoan.net//comedians-of-tiatr-stage/1557.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Fernandes was a versatile performer in the domain of [[Tiatr|Goan entertainment]], showcasing his talent as both a singer and an actor. His [[repertoire]] included a wide range of songs, encompassing both [[Comedy music|comic]] and serious compositions. In addition, he demonstrated his acting prowess by transitioning between decent and comic roles. Fernandes gained acclaim for his portrayal of a villainous character, a wicked ''[[negro]]'' in J. P. Souzalin's production of ''Conde de Monte Cruzo'' (Count of Monte Cruzo),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=138 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-03 |archive-date=2023-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045216/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; a role that resonated with audiences and left a lasting impression.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art &amp; Culture |pages=23, 85–93 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-03 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; One significant event in Fernandes's career occurred during an [[Francis Xavier#Veneration|exposition of the holy relics]] of [[St. Francis Xavier]] in [[Goa]]. A concert was organized at the Princess Theatre Bhangwadi in [[Bombay]], where Fernandes's performance of his own composition, the song &quot;Sant Francis Xavier&quot;, made an impact on the audience. This display of talent caught the attention of commercial directors at the time, further elevating Fernandes's reputation as a musician.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Dog Talliar Noure, a tiatr by Kid Boxer.jpg|thumb|A [[handbill]] for ''Dog Talliar Noure'', a ''tiatr'' written by the Konkani singer [[Kid Boxer]], featuring Fernandes in the cast]]<br /> Fernandes's creative contributions extended beyond his performances. As a composer, he crafted an extensive catalogue of songs and even ventured into writing and producing his own ''[[tiatr]]s''. His ability to compose music relieved the burden on ''tiatr'' writers, as he often took on the responsibility of creating the majority, if not all, of the songs. Over the course of his lifetime, Fernandes composed numerous memorable pieces.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Collaborating with his fellow villager, Jose Mendes, who was commonly known as [[Miss Ida]] on the ''tiatr'' stage, Fernandes formed a [[Musical duo|duo]]. Their performances together in approximately 20–25 ''tiatrs'' garnered widespread attention. These [[duet]]s were recorded with [[Gramophone Company India]] and broadcast on [[All India Radio]]. Writer Michael Gracias writes, Fernandes's versatility as an actor was evident in his ability to portray a wide array of characters. From initially playing [[cameo role]]s, he gradually rose to become one of the leading and most versatile actors in the industry. Directors were eager to cast him in any role, be it as a romantic lead, a comedian, a hero, or even a villain. Fernandes also showcased his versatility through his portrayal of characters from various backgrounds, including [[Hindu]]s and even wicked [[vampires]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Gracias further writes, during the golden era of ''tiatr'', Fernandes's talent shone brightly. In those days, ''tiatr'' scripts were concise, often incorporating up to 25 songs. Fernandes lightened the load on writers by composing the majority, if not all, of the songs. Moreover, he directed and presented ''tiatrs'' that conveyed meaningful messages to audiences. During the inaugural performance of the ''tiatr'' ''Kombekar'' (Poultryman) by Jose Mendes, Fernandes collaborated with Selvyn and Konkani singer [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]]. This marked Rose's debut in ''tiatr''. Their rendition of the popular ''cantar'' (song) “Kiteak Jiv Khatai&quot; was well-received by the audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Fernandes's influence extended beyond his own career. He generously provided songs to [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer and playwright [[Master Vaz]], contributing to the latter's early success. As one of the prominent figures in Konkani ''tiatr'' during the first half of the 20th century, Fernandes played a pivotal role in upholding the rich tradition of [[Goan]] theater.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; His performances captivated audiences in both Bombay (now Mumbai) and Goa, leaving a mark on the history of ''tiatr''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-04-22 |title=When the tiatr had its season in the sun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/when-the-tiatr-had-its-season-in-the-sun/articleshow/51936832.cms |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2023-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220135833/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/when-the-tiatr-had-its-season-in-the-sun/articleshow/51936832.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> João Thomas Fernandes, originally hailed from [[Calvim]], [[Aldona]], [[Goa]], he was born on 25 April 1907 in [[Karachi]], then a part of the [[Bombay Presidency]] in [[British India]] (now located in [[Sindh]], Pakistan). During his early years, Fernandes had the opportunity to witness the [[silent film]]s of [[Charlie Chaplin]], featuring the American actor [[Jackie Coogan]]. Fernandes held a deep admiration for Coogan, leading him to adopt the [[stage name]] Thomas Coogan. Writer Michael Gracias attests that Fernandes exhibited talent early in his life. He excelled in the composition of songs, a skill he diligently refined with each passing day. Whether it was for festive occasions such as Christmas, New Year, [[Easter]], or local celebrations, Fernandes consistently took part in concerts, captivating audiences with his [[repertoire]] of songs, encompassing both comedic and serious themes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Fernandes composed the majority of these songs and generously shared his musical expertise with his fellow villagers. As he reached adulthood, he, like many others, left his hometown and journeyed to [[Bombay]] in search of better prospects. Gracias further writes, while engaged in various occupations to sustain himself, Fernandes remained unwavering in his commitment to the artistic passion that had been nurtured since his childhood. He died in 1957 at the age of 50, at his residence in [[Wadala]], Bombay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Selected stage works==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> !Notes<br /> !Ref<br /> |-<br /> |1949<br /> |''Dog Talliar Noure''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |''Conde de Monte Cruzo''<br /> |Wicked ''[[negro]]''<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Coogan, Thomas}}<br /> [[Category:1907 births]]<br /> [[Category:1957 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Tiatrists]]<br /> [[Category:Entertainers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:Actors from North Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from North Goa district]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raja_Ka_Tal&diff=453806 2026-03-14T06:01:55Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: updated page</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{rewrite|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=March 2026}}<br /> {{Infobox lake<br /> | name = Raja Ka Tal<br /> | image = Raja_ka_tal.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> |pushpin_map=Uttar Pradesh<br /> | image_bathymetry = <br /> | caption_bathymetry = <br /> | location = <br /> | coords = {{Coord|25.17|N|79.52|E|type:waterbody_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | type = [[reservoir]]<br /> | inflow = <br /> | outflow = <br /> | catchment = <br /> | basin_countries = India<br /> | length = <br /> | width = <br /> | area = <br /> | depth = <br /> | max-depth = <br /> | volume = <br /> | residence_time = <br /> | shore = <br /> | elevation = <br /> | islands = <br /> | cities = 1<br /> }}<br /> '''Raja Ka Tal''' or '''Raja Ka Taal''', known locally as '''Bara Tal''', is a reservoir&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 2001 |title=National Highways Authority of India - Grand Trunk Road Project - Consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/641281468034816723/pdf/multi-page.pdf |access-date=13 March 2026 |website=World Bank |page=2-4, 5-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; near the city of [[Kulpahar]] in the [[Mahoba district]] of the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Diya |date=2019-03-14 |title=The Surreal Mahoba, An Offbeat Gem In Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/places-visit-mahoba-things-do-how-reach-005446.html |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Native Planet |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was built by [[Senapati]], the grandson of [[Maharaja Chhatrasal]], in 1707.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> There is also a town called '''Raja Ka Tal''', which is on [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|National Highway 19]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; near the city of [[Firozabad]] in Uttar Pradesh. The population of the town is over 10,000. It connects to the Indian railway's [[Howrah–Delhi main line]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Public Interest Litigation (PIL) No. - 33184 of 2017 |url=https://elegalix.allahabadhighcourt.in/elegalix/WebShowJudgment.do |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=eLegalix - Allahabad High Court Judgment Information System}}&lt;/ref&gt; The town has a large [[glass production]] industry,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-09-04 |title=High concentration of harmful pollutants found in Firozabad: NEERI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/high-concentration-of-harmful-pollutants-found-in-firozabad-neeri/articleshow/54007617.cms |access-date=2026-03-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; which exports internationally. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> [[Category:Firozabad]]<br /> [[Category:Lakes of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> {{India-struct-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurangzeb%27s_Sheesh_Mahal&diff=488360 2026-03-11T19:20:10Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new first data basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Mughal garden in Delhi}}<br /> {{For|other gardens of the same name|Shalimar Gardens (disambiguation){{!}}Shalimar Gardens}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox park<br /> | name = Shalimar Bagh, Delhi<br /> | native_name = Aurangzeb's Sheesh Mahal Garden<br /> | photo = Shalimar Gardens, Delhi, 1814-15.jpg<br /> | image_alt = Shalimar Gardens, Delhi, showing the majestic [[Parterre]] and Diwan Khana (visitors pavilion) in the background.<br /> | photo_caption = Shalimar Gardens, Delhi in 1814, showing the majestic [[Parterre]] and Diwan Khana (visitors pavilion) in the background.<br /> | type = [[Mughal garden]]<br /> | location = [[Delhi]], [[India]]<br /> | coords = {{coord|28|43|14|N|77|09|15|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | area = {{convert|6|ha|acre}}<br /> | plants = <br /> | species = <br /> | collections = <br /> | opened = {{Start date|1653}}<br /> | owner = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]<br /> | operator = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | visitors = <br /> | founder = [[Izz-un-Nissa]] wife of [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]]<br /> | status = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Aurangzeb's Sheesh Mahal Garden'''&lt;ref name=&quot;dda.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 August 2025 |title=Delhi Development Authority, Shalimar Bagh |url=https://dda.gov.in/land-/shalimar?utm_source=chatgpt.com |website=Delhi Development Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-02-13 |title=Aurangzeb's 'coronation site' to get facelift in Delhi's Shalimar Bagh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/aurangzebs-coronation-site-to-get-facelift-in-delhis-shalimar-bagh/articleshow/74108163.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-08-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mondal |first=Manisha |date=2025-07-03 |title=BJP CM reopens Aurangzeb's coronation site Sheesh Mahal. 'Irony, hypocrisy,' says Congress |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/sheesh-mahal-restoration-bjp-aurangzeb-mughal-history/2678112/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sheesh Mahal, Location, History, Significance, Architectural Style, Latest News |url=https://vajiramandravi.com/current-affairs/sheesh-mahal/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mughal‑Era Sheesh Mahal in Delhi Restored &amp; Reopened to Public |url=https://www.clubmahindra.com/blog/travel-guide/sheesh-mahal-at-shalimar-bagh-restored-to-mughal-era-glory |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=www.clubmahindra.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[Mughal garden]] located in '''Shalimar Bagh,''' [[Delhi]], [[India]]. It was named as '''Aizzabad Bagh''' when the garden was laid by [[Izz-un-Nissa]] wife of [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] in 1653 as a tribute and replica of [[Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar|Shalimar Bagh, Kashmir]], laid by erstwhile Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]] in 1619, the Shalimar Bagh of Delhi is now abandoned but still houses [[shade tree]]s, majestic [[parterre]] and structure such as the ''Sheesh Mahal'' and the garden pavilion. The imposing palace known as Sheesh Mahal served as the site where emperor Aurangzeb's coronation ceremony took place in 1658,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-19 |title=Garden where Aurangzeb was crowned |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/garden-where-aurangzeb-was-crowned-101695062078153.html |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dda.gov.in&quot;/&gt; giving it the current name owing to the emperor's fame and his exceptional reign. As there are other Sheesh Mahal's throughout India this one is distinguished by Aurangzeb's name used as a prefix with it as his coronation ceremony marked a significant event there.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> In 1653, [[Izz-un-Nissa]] popularly known by the title &quot;Akbarabadi Mahal&quot; the third wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan commissioned the '''Aizzabad Bagh''' (&quot;later renamed as Shalimar Bagh&quot;) in the then vicinity of [[Shahjahanabad]] (present-day [[Old Delhi]]). Within the Shalimar Bagh, Shah Jahan constructed &quot;Sheesh Mahal&quot; (crystal palace).&lt;ref name=&quot;IGNCA photo gallery&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sheesh Mahal|url=http://ignca.gov.in/online-digital-resources/archaeological-sites/delhi/sheesh-mahal/|work=[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]|year=2021|access-date=16 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Shalimar Bagh had witnessed events of historical significance such as in 1658 the coronation ceremony of [[Aurangzeb]] took place at the ''Sheesh Mahal''. In 1738, [[Nadir Shah]] and his army encamped there on his route to Delhi. In 1803 [[David Ochterlony|Sir David Ochterlony]] a [[Resident (title)#Residents in Asia|British Resident]] to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] court at [[Delhi]], selected Shalimar Bagh as his summer residence. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] a battle was fought in very place when [[Siege of Delhi|Delhi was sieged]] by the troops of [[East India Company]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=New life to old baghs|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/New-life-to-old-baghs/article14253676.ece|first=R.V|last=Smith|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 April 2016|access-date=14 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Annual Progress Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Panjab and United Provinces, for the Year Ending|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_M2AQAAMAAJ|work=Archaeological Survey of India. Panjab and United Provinces Circle|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]] (19 December 2012)|year=1903|access-date=14 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Aurangzeb's 'coronation site' to get facelift in Delhi's Shalimar Bagh|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/74108163.cms|first=Rohan|last=Dua|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 February 2020|access-date=14 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Messengers mausoleum|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/messengers-mausoleum/|first=Alokparan|last=Das|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=25 April 2010|access-date=14 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=The rise and fall of the crazy star|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-crazy-star/article25991879.ece|first=R.V|last=Smith|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 January 2016|access-date=20 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the Third [[Third Battle of Panipat|Battle of Panipat]], [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] stayed there.<br /> <br /> ==Design==<br /> This pavilion was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Like most Mughal gardens, it had channels of water culminating in ornate tanks and several fountains. The layout is designed in the mughal style of ''chaharbagh'' style. The pavilion has patches of wall-paintings that survived till date.&lt;ref name=&quot;IGNCA photo gallery&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The '''Sheesh Mahal''' (crystal palace) is built on a high plinth facing the parterre with 25 fountains and the surrounding garden consisted of fruit orchards. The archways are circular, the central hall consists with a compartment at either end and an arched hall at the rear. Attached to the main building are vaulted rooms. Painting marks exist on the ceiling.&lt;ref name=&quot;IGNCA photo gallery&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGNCA Report&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Sheesh Mahal|url=http://ignca.gov.in/asi_reports/sd164sm0001.pdf|work=[[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts]]|year=2021|access-date=16 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=शीशमहल की बदहाल स्थिति पर हाई कोर्ट ने मांगा जवाब|url=https://www.jagran.com/delhi/new-delhi-city-new-delhi-sheesh-mahal-16955427.html|language=hi|publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]]|date=1 November 2017|access-date=16 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> *[[File:Sheesh Mahal, Shalimar Bagh.jpg|thumb|Remains of the water channel leading to the fountain area]][https://tribune.com.pk/story/327000/the-meaning-of-shalimar The meaning of &quot;Shalimar&quot;], [[The Express Tribune]], Khaled Ahmed, 25 January 2012<br /> *[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/travel/-/articleshow/6910271.cms इतिहास की कहानी सुनाता शीशमहल], (in [[Hindi]]) [[Navbharat Times]], 13 November 2010<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> <br /> {{Gallery<br /> |title=Shalimar Bagh gallery<br /> |width=200<br /> |height=200<br /> |align=center<br /> |File:Shalimar Bagh - Sheesh Mahal (7987890692).jpg|The Sheesh Mahal at Shalimar Bagh, Delhi.<br /> |File:Park around Sheesh Mahal, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi 03.jpg|The [[Parterre]] and [[shade tree]]s.<br /> |File:Shalimar Bagh - Garden Pavilion (7987891344).jpg|The garden pavilion.<br /> |File:Badli Sarai (7987889382).jpg|The Badli Sarai were [[Caravanserai]] in the vicinity of Shalimar Bagh a kilometre away at Badli-ki-Serai.<br /> |File:Maqbara Paik (7987886607).jpg|A tomb Maqbara-E-Paik (messenger's mausoleum) 2.5 kilometres away in the vicinity of Shalimar Bagh.<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of parks in Delhi]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mughal gardens in India]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Delhi]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonam_Wangyal&diff=454687 2026-03-06T15:57:18Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: fix article to improve readability</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian mountaineer}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | honorific_prefix = <br /> | name = '''Sonam Wangyal'''<br /> | honorific_suffix = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1942}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Ladakh]], [[India]]<br /> | death_place = <br /> | placeofburial = <br /> | placeofburial_label = <br /> | image = Shri Sonam Wangyal for Mountaineer (Life Time), in 2017 (cropped).JPG<br /> | caption = Wangyal in 2017<br /> | nickname = <br /> | allegiance = India<br /> | serviceyears = <br /> | rank = <br /> | branch = <br /> | commands = <br /> | unit = <br /> | battles = <br /> | awards = {{ubl|[[Padma Shri]]|[[Arjuna Award]]}}<br /> | children =<br /> | laterwork = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meets the members of 1965 Everest Expedition on the golden jubilee of the occasion, in New Delhi on May 20, 2015.jpg|thumb|250px| Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meets the members of Indian Everest Expedition 1965 on the occasion of the expedition's Golden Jubilee on 20 May 2015]]<br /> [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meets the members of 1965 Everest Expedition on the golden jubilee of the occasion, in New Delhi on May 20, 2015 (2).jpg|thumb|250px |Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meets the members of Indian Everest Expedition 1965 on the occasion of the expedition's Golden Jubilee on 20 May 2015]]<br /> [[File:Everest Expedition 1965 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|1965 Indian stamp dedicated to the 1965 Everest Expedition]]<br /> <br /> '''Sonam Wangyal''' (born 1942) is a former [[India]]n paramilitary personnel and mountaineer who climbed [[Mount Everest]] in 1965 at the age 23, making him the youngest summiter. He was one of the nine summiters of the first successful [[Indian Everest Expedition 1965|Indian Everest Expeditions]] that climbed [[Mount Everest]] in May 1965 led by [[Mohan Singh Kohli|Captain M S Kohli]]. He is the 3rd Indian man, and 18th man in world, to have climbed [[Mount Everest]]. On 22 May 1965, the first time that the oldest ([[Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)|Sonam Gyatso]] at age 42) and the youngest (Sonam Wangyal at age 23) climbed Everest together. Kohli, who had led the 1965 Everest expedition, recruited Wangyal to join a team on a [[Nanda Devi Plutonium Mission|secretive mission]] to [[Nanda Devi]]. The joint [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] / [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Indian Intelligence Bureau]] mission involved placing a nuclear listening device on the mountain in 1965 with subsequent visits in 1966 and 1967. <br /> <br /> He was politically active and was elected as MLA. In 1975 he also served as a minister of Jammu and Kashmir government. He received the [[Padma Shri]] and the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1965 and later the [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] in 2017.<br /> <br /> Currently, he is serving as a principal at [[Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute]].<br /> <br /> ==Honours and awards ==<br /> He was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] in 1965,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&amp;Award=Padma%20Shri&amp;Field=Sports|title= Padma Shree for The first Indians on Everest on 1965-|website= www.dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2013)|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; followed by the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1965 and then [[Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]] 2017 in lifetime achievement category.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/showfile.asp?link_temp_id=560|title= Arjuna Award for The first Indians on Everest on 1965-|website= www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; He served as the Principal of the [[Sonam Gyatso Mountaineering Institute]] in [[Gangtok]] (Sikkim) from 1976 to 1990. He retired as Assistant Director of the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] in 1993, and now lives in [[Leh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =He has lived a hero's life|author=M.P. Nathanael |publisher=The Sunday Tribune| url = http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020707/spectrum/main2.htm |date=7 July 2002| access-date = 19 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Indian summiters of Mount Everest - Year wise]]<br /> *[[List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit]]<br /> *[[List of Mount Everest records of India]]<br /> *[[List of Mount Everest records]]<br /> <br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}<br /> {{Indian mountaineers}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Wangyal, Sonam}}<br /> [[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]<br /> [[Category:Indian military personnel]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Ladakh]]<br /> [[Category:People from Leh district]]<br /> [[Category:1942 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award]]<br /> [[Category:Youth record holders]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{climbing-bio-stub}}<br /> {{india-sport-bio-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Purakkad&diff=490172 2026-03-03T21:43:45Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new the pg w/ sources</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1746 battle between Travancore and Odanad}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox military conflict|<br /> | conflict = Battle of Purakkad<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | partof =<br /> | date = {{start date and age|1746}}<br /> | place = [[Purakkad]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]<br /> | result = <br /> | combatant1 = <br /> | combatant2 =<br /> | commander1 = <br /> | commander2 = <br /> | strength1 = <br /> | strength2 = <br /> | casualties1 = <br /> | casualties2 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The first '''Battle of Purakkad''' was fought in 1746 between the Indian Kingdom of [[Travancore]] and combined forces of the feudal state [[Odanad]].<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> With the defeat of the [[Battle of Colachel|Kulachal battle]] in 1741, the Dutch captured [[Vamanapuram]] with the help of the King of [[Kollam]]. Following this, the [[Nair Brigade|Travancore army]] led by Ramayan Dalava besieged the Kollam fort of the Dutch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Koshy |first=M. O. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC&amp;q=purakkad+battle |title=The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758 |date=1989 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-136-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; But the [[Odanad]] ([[Kayamkulam]]) army helped the Dutch army for the defense of this fort. The Kayamkulam army was led by Achyutawaryar who was the minister of the King of Kayamkulam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nāyar |first=Ke Śivaśaṅkaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmBQAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82 |title=വേണാടിന്റെ പരിണാമം |date=1993 |publisher=Sāmskārika Pr̲asiddhīkaraṇa Vakupp, Kēraḷa Sarkkār |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this, the Travancore army retreated. In 1742, the combined forces of the Dutch and Kayamkulam captured [[Kilimanoor]]. For this reason [[Marthanda Varma|Marthandavarma]] brought cavalry from [[Tirunelveli]] and led the army towards Kilimanoor and captured Kilimanoor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Kerala (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wci1AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=battle+of+purakkad |title=Kerala District Gazetteers: Palghat |last2=Menon |first2=A. Sreedhara |date=1962 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Presses |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Then Marthandavarma's army moved towards Kayamkulam. The King of Kayamkulam resisted at first but finally begged for peace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kusuman |first=K. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbNuyHswr1cC&amp;dq=battle+of+purakkad&amp;pg=PA123 |title=A History of Trade &amp; Commerce in Travancore, 1600-1805 |date=1987 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-026-0 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following this, Marthanda Varma and King of Kayamkulam signed the [[Treaty of Mannar]]. But the King of Kayamkulam later violated the terms of this [[Ceasefire|truce]]. This led to the Travancore army conquering the Kayamkulam in 1746.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=A. Sreedhara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC&amp;dq=battle+of+purakkad&amp;pg=PA139 |title=Kerala History and its Makers |date=2011-03-04 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=978-81-264-3782-5 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This battle came to be known as the Battle of Purakkad. Marthandavarma captured the small feudal state Odanad and annexed it to Travancore for helping Kayamkulam in the war with Travancore. Present [[Ambalappuzha|Ambalapuzha]] and [[Kuttanad]] taluks were included in this.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=V |first=Nidheesh C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XE4EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82&amp;pg=PA17 |title=ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂർ - മാർത്താണ്ഡ വർമ്മ മുതൽ ശ്രീ ചിത്തിര തിരുനാൾ വരെ |publisher=Nidheesh C V |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Battle of Colachel]]<br /> * [[Odanad]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Purakkad 1746}}<br /> [[Category:Conflicts in 1746|Battle of Purakkad]]<br /> [[Category:Battles involving Travancore]]<br /> [[Category:1746 in India]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kiyapadu,_Rayagada&diff=510148 2026-03-01T09:17:44Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new details!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{refimprove|date=January 2015}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Kiyapadu<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = or<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Hamlet<br /> | image_skyline = File:Kiapadu, Rayagada.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Kiapadu village in Rayagada district<br /> | pushpin_map = India Odisha#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|19|35|00|N|83|22|00|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Odisha]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Democracy|Democratic]]<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 229<br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Oriya language|Oriya]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 765002<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = 06855<br /> | registration_plate = OD<br /> | website = {{URL|odisha.gov.in}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Kiyapadu''' is a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] in [[Rayagada]] Tahasil of Gumma Panchayat in the state of [[Odisha]], [[India]] dominated by Dongaria Tribe. The village was in lime light when the local people opposed the establishment of the Alumina Refinery by RSB.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://orissadiary.com/printStory.asp?id=40867 |title=&quot; Odishadiary&quot; |access-date=29 January 2015 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818155749/http://orissadiary.com/printStory.asp?id=40867 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/public-hearing-disrupted-for-rsb-project-113042400560_1.html &quot;Business standard&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailypioneer.com/print.php?printFOR=storydetail&amp;story_url_key=armed-tribals-protest-rgada-rsb-public-hearing&amp;section_url_key=state-editions &quot;Dailypioneer&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Kiyapadu is situated about 329&amp;nbsp;km from the district headquarters i.e. Rayagada. Kiyapadu is situated at {{coord|19|35|N|83|22|E}}.<br /> <br /> ==Demography==<br /> Majority of the population at and nearby Kiyapadu are primitive tribal. {{As of|2011}} census available in the [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Population_Finder.aspx/ &quot;Official website of census india&quot;] the population of the village was 297, of which 144 were males and 153 were females as per Population Census 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/426307-kiyapadu-orissa.html &quot;Census2011&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Tourist attractions==<br /> The village is surrounded by hillocks. The nearest place of tourist interest is [[Chatikona]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://rayagada.nic.in/ Official website of Rayagada district]<br /> <br /> {{Rayagada district |state=expanded}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Rayagada district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Rayagada-geo-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shantipur,_Purba_Medinipur&diff=469682 2026-02-27T03:56:59Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: improved layout and updated info</p> <hr /> <div>{{other uses|Shantipur (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Shantipur<br /> | native_name = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy --&gt;<br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Census Town<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3 <br /> | pushpin_label_position = right <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|22.403581|N|87.868619|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country <br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} <br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 2.1332<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 9,746<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 721134 (Kolaghat)<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code<br /> | area_code = 03228<br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Tamluk (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Tamluk]]<br /> | website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Shantipur''' is a [[census town]] in [[Sahid Matangini (community development block)|Sahid Matangini]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Tamluk subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> {{OSM Location map<br /> | width=320| height=350| zoom=10<br /> | coord={{coord|22|17|0|N|87|47|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district'''&lt;br/&gt;M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre&lt;br/&gt;Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly<br /> |mark-coord1={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|55|12|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Tamluk | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Tamluk]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2<br /> |mark-coord2={{coord|22|24|35|N|87|42|0|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Panskura| numbered2=M| mark-title2= [[Panskura]] (M)<br /> |mark-coord3={{coord|22|26|5|N|87|52|12|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Kolaghat | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Kolaghat]] (CT)|shape-color3=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord4={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|53|35|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Amalhara | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Amalhara]] (CT)|shape-color4=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord5={{coord|22|26|20|N|87|50|37|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Mihitikri | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Mihitikri]] (CT)|shape-color5=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord6={{coord|22|25|20|N|87|51|4|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Kharisha | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Kharisha]] (CT)|shape-color6=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord7={{coord|22|24|30|N|87|52|42|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Kakdihi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Kakdihi]] (CT)|shape-color7=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord8={{coord|22|23|40|N|87|52|7|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Shantipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= Shantipur, Purba Medinipur (CT)|shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;<br /> |mark-coord9={{coord|22|19|30|N|87|48|50|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Anantapur | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Anantapur, Purba Medinipur]] (CT)|shape-color9=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord10={{coord|22|19|12|N|87|49|48|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Dakshin Baguan | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Dakshin Baguan]] (CT)|shape-color10=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord11={{coord|22|14|57|N|87|47|43|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=Goasafat | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Goasafat]] (CT)|shape-color11=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord12={{coord|22|7|30|N|87|48|43|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Kotbar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Kotbar]] (CT)|shape-color12=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord13={{coord|22|5|10|N|87|52|19|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Erashal | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Erashal]] (CT)|shape-color13=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord14={{coord|22|22|45|N|87|52|41|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Chatara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Chatara]] (R)|shape-color14=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord15={{coord|22|28|5|N|87|41|14|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Shyamsundarpur Patna| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Shyamsundarpur Patna]] (R)|shape-color15=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord16={{coord|22|25|28|N|87|44|21|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Uttar Mechogram| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Uttar Mechogram]] (R)|shape-color16=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord17={{coord|22|21|38|N|87|53|30|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Janu Basan| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Janu Basan]] (R)|shape-color17=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord18={{coord|22|14|0|N|87|47|0|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Moyna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Moyna, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color18=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord19={{coord|22|11|19|N|87|55|8|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Nandakumar| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color19=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord20={{coord|22|5|31|N|87|51|22|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Chandipur| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Chandipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color20=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord21={{coord|22|16|42|N|87|54|11|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Chak Srikrishnapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= [[Chak Srikrishnapur]] (R)|shape-color21=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord22={{coord|22|10|30|N|87|53|47|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Bhabanipur| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Bhabanipur, Purba Medinipur]] (R)|shape-color22=#C40000<br /> |mark-coord23={{coord|22.3923|N|87.9426|E}}| label23=Rupnarayan| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=80| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none<br /> |mark-coord24={{coord|22|27|5|N|87|44|10|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Dakshin Maynadal| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Dakshin Maynadal]] (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666<br /> |mark-coord25={{coord|22|26|15|N|87|44|49|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Purbba Gopalpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Purbba Gopalpur]] (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666}}<br /> <br /> ===Location===<br /> Shantipur is located at {{coord|22.403581|N|87.868619|E|display=inline}}.<br /> <br /> ===Urbanisation===<br /> 94.08% of the population of Tamluk subdivision live in the rural areas. Only 5.92% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the second lowest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Medinipur district, just above Egra subdivision.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Table 2.2 | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 20 April 2019 | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As per [[2011 Census of India]] Shantipur had a total population of 9,746 of which 4,979 (51%) were males and 4,767 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,017. The total number of literates in Shantipur was 7,677 (87.95% of the population over 6 years).&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 2 April 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Infrastructure==<br /> As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Shantipur covered an area of 2.1332&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It had the facility of a railway station at [[Mecheda]] nearby and bus routes in the town. Amongst the civic amenities it had 1,500 domestic electric connections. Amongst the medical facilities it had a hospital 1&amp;nbsp;km away and 23 medicine shops in the town. Amongst the educational facilities it had were 8 primary schools. The nearest secondary school and senior secondary school were at Hakola 1.5&amp;nbsp;km away. The nearest degree college was 30&amp;nbsp;km away at [[Midnapore]]. Amongst the recreational and cultural facilities a cinema theatre was there in the town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Statement I: Growth History, Pages 1207-1209; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1210; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 1211-1212; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 1212-1213; Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Pages 1213-1215 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 7 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Shantipur is on the Haldia-Tamluk-Mecheda Road.&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Purba Medinipur District}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Medinipur district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{PurbaMedinipur-geo-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hina_Khan&diff=450213 2026-02-26T03:41:17Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Revised and enhanced article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{about|the Indian actress|the American actress|Hina X. Khan}}<br /> {{short description|Indian actress (born 1987)}}<br /> {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Hina Khan<br /> | image = Hina Khan walk the ramp at Lakme Fashion Week 2023 (cropped) 2.jpg<br /> | caption = Khan at an event in 2023<br /> | image_size = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|10|02}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu &amp; Kashmir]], India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | education = <br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years active = 2009–present<br /> | spouse = {{Marriage|Rocky Jaiswal|2025}} <br /> | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Hina Khan|Full list]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Hina Khan''' ({{IPA|hns|ˈɦiːnaː kʰaːn|pron}}; born 2 October 1987)&lt;ref name=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-who-is-hina-khan-profile-biography-photos-and-video-4880516/ |title=Bigg Boss 11: Who is Hina Khan? Profile, Biography, Photos and Video |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=8 October 2017 |access-date=17 February 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101010/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-who-is-hina-khan-profile-biography-photos-and-video-4880516/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian actress who appears in [[Hindi]] and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] films and television. Khan is noted for her versatility across genres—from family dramas and reality shows to psychological thrillers. One of the highest-paid television actresses in India,&lt;ref name=&quot;highest-paid:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-television-actors-salary-per-month-3037560/ |title=11 television stars who earn more than Bollywood actors per month! |date=18 September 2016 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=10 February 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925114453/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/indian-television-actors-salary-per-month-3037560/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highest-paid:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/kapil-sharma-to-ram-kapoor-10-highest-paid-indian-tv-actors-who-charge-a-hefty-amount-per-episode |title=Kapil Sharma to Hina Khan, 10 highest-paid Indian TV actors who charge a hefty amount per episode |date=30 June 2022 |work=GQ India |access-date=10 January 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921114453/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/kapil-sharma-to-ram-kapoor-10-highest-paid-indian-tv-actors-who-charge-a-hefty-amount-per-episode |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; she is a recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Hina Khan|several accolades]] including three [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Awards]], three [[Indian Telly Awards]] and seven [[Gold Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actors-question-the-curious-case-of-missing-end-credit-rolls/articleshow/68393149.cms |title=TV actors question the curious case of missing end credit rolls |date=14 March 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=27 August 2019 |archive-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316003917/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-actors-question-the-curious-case-of-missing-end-credit-rolls/articleshow/68393149.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Khan is widely recognised for portraying [[Akshara Maheshwari Singhania]] in ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' (2009–2016), her performances earned her two [[ITA Award for Best Actress - Popular]]. Khan emerged as the runner-up in the [[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8|eighth]] and the [[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|eleventh seasons]] of the reality shows ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi ]]'' (2017) and ''[[Bigg Boss]]'' (2017–2018).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-11-hina-khan-aka-akshara-of-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-to-be-a-part-of-the-show-844982 |title=Bigg Boss 11: Hina Khan aka Akshara of 'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai' to be a part of the show? |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085930/https://www.abplive.in/television/bigg-boss-11-hina-khan-aka-akshara-of-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-to-be-a-part-of-the-show-844982 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She then played the critically acclaimed negative character in the romantic television series ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2]]'' from 2018 to 2019,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-komolika-first-look-5401336/ |title=Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2: Ekta Kapoor reveals Hina Khan's look as Komolika |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en-US |access-date=2 March 2019 |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235505/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-komolika-first-look-5401336/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; which earned her the [[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Negative Role]].<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Khan was born on 2 October 1987 in [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, into an [[Indian Muslim]] family from [[Uttar Pradesh]], to father Aslam Khan who runs a travel agency in [[Srinagar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; She belongs to a family of 4 - her parents, herself and her younger brother, Aamir Khan, who is the owner of a travel agency company.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-11-hina-khans-father-breaks-his-silence-for-the-first-time/articleshow/62470650.cms |title=Bigg Boss 11: Hina Khan's father breaks his silence for the first time |date=12 January 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101037/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-11-hina-khans-father-breaks-his-silence-for-the-first-time/articleshow/62470650.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She completed her [[Master of Business Administration]] (MBA) in 2009 from the CCA School of Management in Gurgaon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hina-khans-birthday-special/photostory/49183497.cms |title=Hina Khan facts |work=The Times of India |date=October 2015 |access-date=12 August 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101041/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hina-khans-birthday-special/photostory/49183497.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> ===Early work and rise to stardom (2008-2019)===<br /> Khan auditioned for Sony TV's singing reality show ''[[Indian Idol]]'' where she managed to be in the top 30 in 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;indianidol&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/did-you-know-hina-khan-auditioned-for-indian-idol-with-rahul-vaidya-as-special-guest-1731535-2020-10-14 |title=Did you know Hina Khan auditioned for Indian Idol with Rahul Vaidya as special guest? |date=14 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later, during her college studies in [[Delhi]], Khan auditioned for ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' when her friends forced her and was selected for it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=First of Many: Hina Khan revisits Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-akshara-6477445/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715171411/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-akshara-6477445/ |archive-date=15 July 2020 |website=The Indian Express |date=15 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; She moved to Mumbai and made her television debut in 2009, when she starred in one of the longest running Indian soap operas as [[Akshara Maheshwari Singhania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Hina Khan: It is difficult for me to make friends because of my nature |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-i-have-a-special-connection-with-delhi-it-has-been-very-lucky-for-me/articleshow/65038883.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921153317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-i-have-a-special-connection-with-delhi-it-has-been-very-lucky-for-me/articleshow/65038883.cms |archive-date=21 September 2018 |website=The Times of India |date=19 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hina-Khan-has-no-qualms-ageing-on-screen/articleshow/52375728.cms |title=Hina Khan has no qualms ageing on screen |website=The Times of India |date=21 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005526/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Hina-Khan-has-no-qualms-ageing-on-screen/articleshow/52375728.cms |archive-date=13 February 2019 |access-date=30 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; After eight years, she quit the show in November 2016 to pursue other projects.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/i-wanted-to-move-on-tv-actor-hina-khan-on-leaving-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai/story-2PnGINigiL9YMoihvgpHYI.html |title=I wanted to move on: TV actor Hina Khan on leaving Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai |date=23 November 2016 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101115/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/i-wanted-to-move-on-tv-actor-hina-khan-on-leaving-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai/story-2PnGINigiL9YMoihvgpHYI.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her performance in the series earned her positive critical reviews and also won her multiple awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Serial winners |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/serial-winners/cid/492762 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615131144/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/serial-winners/cid/492762 |archive-date=15 June 2020 |website=The Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, she joined [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi|Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]'' as a contestant, where she finished as the 1st runner up.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-shantanu-maheshwari-i-never-expected-to-make-it-to-the-finale-says-hina-khan-lifetv-1055326-2017-09-30 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 8: I never expected to make it to the finale, says Hina Khan |website=India Today|date=30 September 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, she participated in Colors TV's reality show, ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]'' as a celebrity contestant&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-11-hina-bandgi-benafsha-turn-up-the-heat-as-they-dance-inside-the-pool/story-hS4gySA8eM5ZrrFUUAtpKL.html |title=Bigg Boss 11: Hina, Bandgi, Benafsha turn up the heat as they dance inside the pool |website=Hindustan Times |date=17 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101049/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-11-hina-bandgi-benafsha-turn-up-the-heat-as-they-dance-inside-the-pool/story-hS4gySA8eM5ZrrFUUAtpKL.html |archive-date=25 December 2018 |access-date=18 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; where she emerged as the first runner up.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-finale-shilpa-shinde-winner-5024486/ |title=Shilpa Shinde wins Bigg Boss 11, Hina Khan becomes first runner-up |date=14 January 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=14 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101019/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-finale-shilpa-shinde-winner-5024486/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In late February 2018, she wrapped up the shooting of a Punjabi music video with Sonu Thukral, which released in March 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-picks-up-a-new-project-will-star-in-a-punjabi-music-video/articleshow/63110561.cms |title=Hina Khan picks up a new project; will star in a Punjabi music video |date=28 February 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 February 2018 |archive-date=28 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228214256/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-picks-up-a-new-project-will-star-in-a-punjabi-music-video/articleshow/63110561.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 31 March, it was announced that she had signed in to make her digital debut with Ankoosh Bhatt's short film, 'SmartPhone', opposite actor [[Kunaal Roy Kapur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/hina-khan-make-digital-debut-short-film/ |title=Hina Khan to make digital debut with short film |date=31 March 2018 |work=Biz Asia |access-date=23 April 2018 |archive-date=23 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423232729/https://www.bizasialive.com/hina-khan-make-digital-debut-short-film/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2018, Hina appeared in a Sonu Thukral's Punjabi music video &quot;Bhasoodi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/bigg-boss-hina-khan-returns-with-bhasoodi-teaser-and-it-s-quite-a-transformation-watch-video/story-EKxXysZ5qDIcpiKpX4zGaP.html |title=Bigg Boss' Hina Khan returns with Bhasoodi teaser and it's quite a transformation. Watch video |website=Hindustan Times |date=13 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718024416/https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/bigg-boss-hina-khan-returns-with-bhasoodi-teaser-and-it-s-quite-a-transformation-watch-video/story-EKxXysZ5qDIcpiKpX4zGaP.html |archive-date=18 July 2018 |access-date=18 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2018, she bagged the role of Komolika, an antagonist in ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''. She left the show in April 2019 and was replaced by [[Aamna Sharif]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hina-khan-is-new-komolika-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-confirms-urvashi-dholakia/story-fAC1HI6GSumzGST34McC7K.html |title=Hina Khan is new Komolika in Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2, confirms Urvashi Dholakia |date=26 September 2018 |website=Hindustan Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927005549/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hina-khan-is-new-komolika-in-kasautii-zindagii-kay-2-confirms-urvashi-dholakia/story-fAC1HI6GSumzGST34McC7K.html |archive-date=27 September 2018 |access-date=28 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/hina-khan-aka-komolika-to-quit-kasauti-zindagi-kay-for-her-film-career-1446217-2019-02-04 |title=Hina Khan aka Komolika to quit Kasauti Zindagi Kay for her film career? |date=4 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/hina-khan-confirms-shes-quitting-kasautii-zindagii-kay-as-komolika-ekta-kapoor-hunts-for-a-new-actress-1080406 |title=Hina Khan CONFIRMS She's QUITTING Kasautii Zindagii Kay As Komolika; Ekta Kapoor Hunts For A New Actress! |date=25 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/confirmed-aamna-sharif-to-replace-hina-khan-as-komolika-1603106-2019-09-25 |title=Confirmed! Aamna Sharif to replace Hina Khan as Komolika |date=25 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same year, she signed her debut film ''Lines'', opposite actress [[Farida Jalal]], which is directed by Hussain Khan and written by Rahat Kazmi and Shakti Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-to-make-her-bollywood-debut/articleshow/66783567.cms |title=Hina Khan to make her Bollywood debut |date=25 November 2018 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126041410/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-to-make-her-bollywood-debut/articleshow/66783567.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Expansion and further career (2019-present)===<br /> On 2 January 2019, she signed another short film ''Soulmate'', opposite actor [[Vivan Bhatena]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.abplive.in/videos/hina-khan-starts-shooting-with-vivan-bhathena-888861/amp |title=Hina Khan starts shooting with Vivan Bhathena |date=3 January 2019 |work=[[ABP Live]] |publisher=ABP News |access-date=3 January 2019 |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329112856/https://www.abplive.in/videos/hina-khan-starts-shooting-with-vivan-bhathena-888861/amp |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was directed by Pawwan Sharma. In May 2019, she shot for Rahat Kazmi's short film &quot;Wish List&quot; opposite actor Jitendra Rai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hina-khan-begins-shooting-for-her-second-film-wish-list-in-europe-boyfriend-rocky-jaiswal-brings-in-some-romance/story-NE4G2a9jsuHOYiaPn65qAN.html |title=Hina Khan begins shooting for her second film Wish List in Europe, boyfriend Rocky Jaiswal brings in some romance |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=30 May 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; In September, she began shooting for Rahat Kazmi's third film, the Indo-Hollywood' movie called 'The Country of the Blind' as Gosha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/hina-khan-shares-first-look-as-blind-woman-from-new-indo-hollywood-film-the-country-of-the-blind-see-here/story-p8lTaUKq8FDpCPrRXGjJeI.html |title=Hina Khan shares first look as blind woman from new 'Indo-Hollywood' film, The Country of the Blind. See here |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 September 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; In the same month, she signed a psychological crime drama, digital series called [[Damaged (TV series)|''Damaged 2'']].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hina-khan-makes-her-digital-debut-alongside-adhyayan-suman-with-damaged-i-consider-myself-blessed/story-dtlmQMI09mLmpiqViWUaqK.html |title=Hina Khan makes her digital debut alongside Adhyayan Suman with Damaged: 'I consider myself blessed |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=22 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923045732/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/hina-khan-makes-her-digital-debut-alongside-adhyayan-suman-with-damaged-i-consider-myself-blessed/story-dtlmQMI09mLmpiqViWUaqK.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2020, she signed a [[ZEE5]] horror film opposite actor [[Kushal Tandon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/after-parth-samthaan-hina-khan-teams-up-with-beyhadh-actor-kushal-tandon-for-zee5s-horror-film-1145087 |title=Hina Khan Teams Up With 'Beyhadh' Actor Kushal Tandon For ZEE5's Horror Film |work=[[ABP Live]] |date=19 January 2020 |access-date=21 January 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012025029/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/after-parth-samthaan-hina-khan-teams-up-with-beyhadh-actor-kushal-tandon-for-zee5s-horror-film-1145087 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan played the main lead in a cameo appearance in the fifth season of [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin]]'' along with [[Dheeraj Dhoopar]] and [[Mohit Malhotra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;naagin&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Farzeen |first1=Sana |title=Hina Khan back on television, to play the lead role in Naagin 5 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-naagin-5-tv-comeback-6530769/ |access-date=3 August 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=30 July 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803173331/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-naagin-5-tv-comeback-6530769/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2020, Khan made her Bollywood entry with the film ''[[Hacked (film)|Hacked]]'', with director [[Vikram Bhatt]], alongside [[Sid Makkar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=Hina Khan bags a Vikram Bhatt film, says she'd like return to return to Kasautii Zindagii Kay later |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/tv/hina-khan-bags-a-vikram-bhatt-film-says-she-d-like-return-to-return-to-kasautii-zindagii-kay-later/story-VUYbPrDFiEC3NPEWAo3DuO.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt; In October 2020, Khan returned to ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss]]'' in its fourteenth season as a toofani senior along with [[Gauahar Khan]] and [[Sidharth Shukla]] for the first two weeks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-14-hina-khan-gauahar-khan-and-sidharth-shukla-promise-an-interesting-season-6603087/ |title=Bigg Boss 14: Hina Khan, Gauahar and Sidharth Shukla promise an interesting season |date=20 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2021, Khan appeared in the music video song for [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] song 'Patthar Wargi' alongside [[Tanmay Ssingh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/hina-khan-s-new-music-video-patthar-wargi-releases-on-eid-may-14-1798803-2021-05-04 |title=Hina Khan's new music video Patthar Wargi releases on Eid, May 14 |date=5 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2021, Khan appeared in her next song 'Baarish Ban Jana' along with [[Shaheer Sheikh]], which was shot in Kashmir.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hina-khan-shaheer-sheikh-to-feature-in-romantic-number-baarish-ban-jaana-see-poster-7335253/ |title=Hina Khan and Shaheer Sheikh to feature in romantic number Baarish Ban Jaana, see poster |date=30 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song was sung by [[Stebin Ben]] and [[Payal Dev]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-song-videobaarish-ban-jaana-sung-by-payal-dev-and-stebin-ben-featuring-hina-khan-and-shaheer-sheikh/videoshow/83199000.cms |title=Watch Latest Hindi Song Video'Baarish Ban Jaana' Sung By Payal Dev And Stebin Ben Featuring Hina Khan And Shaheer Sheikh |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In September 2021, her Music Video 'Main bhi Barbaad' was released, opposite [[Angad Bedi]] sung by [[Yasser Desai]]. In March 2022, she announced her next web series titled ''Seven One'' where she's playing a cop. In 2024, she made her [[Punjabi cinema|Pollywood]] debut in ''[[Shinda Shinda No Papa]]'' on [[Chaupal (streaming service)|Chaupal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/binge/when-to-watch-hina-khan-gippy-grewal-punjabi-film-shinda-shinda-no-papa-online-ott-chaupal-release-date-644372.html | title=Shinda Shinda No Papa OTT release date Chaupal: When to watch Hina Khan &amp; Gippy Grewal's comedy | date=22 October 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; opposite [[Gippy Grewal]]. Since August 2025, she participated in Colors TV's reality show, ''[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check|Pati Patni Aur Panga]]'' as a Contestant along with her husband.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 June 2025|title=Newlyweds Hina Khan and Rocky Jaiswal to be a part of Pati Patni Aur Panga|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/newlyweds-hina-khan-and-rocky-jaiswal-to-be-a-part-of-pati-patni-aur-panga/articleshow/121626073.cms|access-date=31 July 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Khan is multilingual and speaks several languages, including [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]], and [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], having been brought up in Kashmir.{{cn|date=December 2025}} <br /> <br /> ===Marriage===<br /> In 2014, Khan started dating ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''{{'}}s supervising producer Rocky Jaiswal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bigg-boss-11s-hina-khan-and-rocky-jaiswals-love-story-in-pics/photostory/61981677.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=Bigg Boss 11's Hina Khan and Rocky Jaiswal's love story in pics |access-date=20 December 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-11s-hina-khan-and-rocky-jaiswals-love-story-in-pics/photostory/61981677.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khans-beau-rocky-shares-herd-mentality-can-be-changed-by-the-audience-urges-people-to-think/articleshow/76397460.cms |title=Hina Khan's beau Rocky shares herd mentality can be changed by the audience; urges people to think |website=The Times of India |date=16 June 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=19 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719235902/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khans-beau-rocky-shares-herd-mentality-can-be-changed-by-the-audience-urges-people-to-think/articleshow/76397460.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-twins-in-ponytail-with-beau-rocky-jaiswal-you-cant-miss-their-adorable-pic/articleshow/76366514.cms |title=Hina Khan twins in ponytail with beau Rocky Jaiswal; you can't miss their adorable pic |website=The Times of India |date=14 June 2020 |access-date=4 August 2020 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720000134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-twins-in-ponytail-with-beau-rocky-jaiswal-you-cant-miss-their-adorable-pic/articleshow/76366514.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 June 2020 |title=Fan asks Hina Khan who proposed first in the relationship; the actress gives an honest reply |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/fan-asks-hina-khan-who-proposed-first-in-the-relationship-the-actress-gives-an-honest-reply/articleshow/76304661.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620222649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/fan-asks-hina-khan-who-proposed-first-in-the-relationship-the-actress-gives-an-honest-reply/articleshow/76304661.cms |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=4 August 2020 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The couple got married in June 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/hina-khan-gets-married-to-longtime-beau-rocky-jaiswal-forever-sealed-in-love-and-law-8587008| title= Hina Khan Gets Married to Longtime Beau Rocky Jaiswal Forever Sealed in Love and Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Health===<br /> She revealed that she has [[asthma]] on the sets of the reality show ''Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi'' in 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-episode-12-14-october-2017-hina-khan-arshi-sapna-are-sent-to-jail-4141267.html |title=Bigg Boss 11, Episode 12, 14 October, 2017: Hina Khan, Arshi, Sapna are sent to jail |website=Firstpost |date=13 October 2017 |access-date=5 November 2017 |archive-date=28 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028003430/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-episode-12-14-october-2017-hina-khan-arshi-sapna-are-sent-to-jail-4141267.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In June 2024, she revealed that she is suffering from Stage-3 [[Breast cancer]] and confirmed that she is undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Hina Khan Gets Diagnosed With Stage Three Of Breast Cancer; Says, &quot;My Treatment Has Already Begun And I'm Ready To Do Everything Necessary&quot;|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-gets-diagnosed-with-stage-three-of-breast-cancer-says-my-treatment-has-already-begun-and-im-ready-to-do-everything-necessary/articleshow/111334190.cms|access-date=2024-06-28|website=The Times of India|date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hina Khan diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer: I am determined to overcome this disease|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/hina-khan-diagnosed-with-breast-cancer-i-am-strong-and-determined-to-overcome-this-disease-101719557915203-amp.html|access-date=2024-06-28|website=The Hindustan Times|date=28 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Other work and public image ==<br /> Khan has established herself as one of the leading and highest-paid actresses of the Hindi television, with her acting performances in the series - ''Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'' and ''Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2''.&lt;ref name=&quot;highest-paid:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;highest-paid:2&quot; /&gt; She was placed fourth in ''[[Rediff]]'''s &quot;Top 10 television actresses&quot; list.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-televisions-top-10-actresses/20140702.htm |title=Television's Top 10 Actresses |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=3 May 2017 |publisher=Rediff |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101022/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-televisions-top-10-actresses/20140702.htm |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan earned the title of Sher Khan in ''Bigg Boss 11''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-january-12-clash-between-dictator-vikas-and-sherkhan-hina-1799384 |title=Clash Between 'Dictator' Vikas And 'Sherkhan' Hina |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101102/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-january-12-clash-between-dictator-vikas-and-sherkhan-hina-1799384 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-11-preview-shilpa-smashes-hina-s-sher-khan-mug-puneesh-to-get-his-body-waxed-in-the-meanest-task-2574368 |title=Shilpa smashes Hina's 'Sher Khan' mug, Puneesh to get his body waxed in the meanest task |date=10 January 2018 |publisher=[[DNA India]] |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101047/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-bigg-boss-11-preview-shilpa-smashes-hina-s-sher-khan-mug-puneesh-to-get-his-body-waxed-in-the-meanest-task-2574368 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-january-13-hina-khan-shilpa-shinde-5023254/ |title=Contestants get the chance to see their journey in the house |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101054/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-11-january-13-hina-khan-shilpa-shinde-5023254/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Khan was named in the Top 50 Sexiest Asian Women List by ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' in 2013,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/katrina-kaif-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-for-the-fourth-time-219742-2013-12-04 |title=Katrina Kaif named world's sexiest Asian woman for the 4th time |date=5 December 2013 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917184656/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/katrina-kaif-named-worlds-sexiest-asian-woman-for-the-fourth-time/1/327937.html |archive-date=17 September 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=18 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2014,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/priyanka-chopra-regains-sexiest-asian-crown-in-uk-229726-2014-12-04 |title=Priyanka Chopra regains sexiest Asian crown in UK |date=4 December 2014 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917203654/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/priyanka-chopra-regains-sexiest-asian-crown-in-uk/1/405080.html |archive-date=17 September 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2015,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/priyanka-chopra-tops-eastern-eyes-sexy-list-2015/ |title=Priyanka Chopra tops Eastern Eye's Sexy List 2015 |date=10 December 2015 |website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music |access-date=8 June 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101024/https://www.bizasialive.com/priyanka-chopra-tops-eastern-eyes-sexy-list-2015/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2016,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/deepika-padukone-tops-sexy-list-2016-uk-poll/ |title=Deepika Padukone tops 'Sexy List 2016' UK poll |date=8 December 2016 |website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Events and Music |access-date=8 June 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101123/https://www.bizasialive.com/deepika-padukone-tops-sexy-list-2016-uk-poll/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://m.mid-day.com/photos/photos-bigg-boss-11-contestant-hina-khan-is-one-of-asias-sexiest-women/14852 |title='Bigg Boss 11' contestant Hina Khan is one of Asia's sexiest women |date=4 October 2017 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225101013/https://www.mid-day.com/photos/photos-bigg-boss-11-contestant-hina-khan-is-one-of-asias-sexiest-women/14852 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2014, she was listed nineteenth among the &quot;35 Hottest Actresses in Indian Television&quot; by ''[[Times Internet|MensXP.com]]'', an Indian lifestyle website for men.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.mensxp.com/entertainment/celebrity-photos/23861-35-hottest-actresses-in-indian-television-p19.html |title=35 Hottest Actresses in Indian Television |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502202708/http://m.mensxp.com/entertainment/celebrity-photos/23861-35-hottest-actresses-in-indian-television-p19.html |archive-date=2 May 2017 |publisher=MensXP.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, Khan became the victim of [[Internet troll|trolling]] for posting the image of her teddy bear named Pooh, when saving her co-contestant [[Luv Tyagi]] during a task in ''Bigg Boss''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/bigg-boss-11-s-hina-khan-gets-trolled-on-social-media-you-will-be-surprised-to-know-the-reason-1152336-2018-01-23 |title=Bigg Boss 11's Hina Khan gets trolled on social media; you will be surprised to know the reason |work=[[India Today]] |date=23 January 2018 |access-date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003018/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/bigg-boss-11-s-hina-khan-gets-trolled-on-social-media-you-will-be-surprised-to-know-the-reason-1152336-2018-01-23 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/hina-khan-dolly-sohi-anita-hassanandani-tv-actresses-who-underwent-a-drastic-image-makeover-1162089-2018-02-05 |title=Hina Khan: TV actress who underwent a drastic image makeover |work=[[India Today]] |date=5 February 2018 |access-date=19 February 2018 |archive-date=19 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219210654/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/hina-khan-dolly-sohi-anita-hassanandani-tv-actresses-who-underwent-a-drastic-image-makeover-1162089-2018-02-05 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 2 April, Khan walked the ramp for Streax Professional in Mumbai for marigold collection.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/hina-khan-walks-the-ramp-for-streak-professional-announcing-their-summer-collection/1249745 |title=Hina Khan walks the ramp for Streak professional, announces their summer collection |date=3 April 2018 |work=[[Free Press Journal]] |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403135913/http://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/hina-khan-walks-the-ramp-for-streak-professional-announcing-their-summer-collection/1249745 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was awarded &quot;Style Diva of Television Industry&quot; at 11th [[Gold Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/gold-awards-2018-jennifer-winget-hina-khan-are-big-winners-1870228 |title=Gold Awards 2018: Jennifer Winget, Hina Khan Are Big Winners |website=NDTV.com |date=19 June 2018 |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620094917/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/gold-awards-2018-jennifer-winget-hina-khan-are-big-winners-1870228 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan appeared on the cover of ''[[FHM|FHM India]]'' December 2018 edition.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-pics-hina-khan-s-latest-photoshoot-has-left-the-fashion-police-gawking-in-awe-and-fans-gasping-for-breath-2700201 |title=PICS: Hina Khan's latest photoshoot has left the fashion police gawking in awe and fans gasping for breath |first=Soumyata |last=Chauhan |website=DNA India |access-date=26 December 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133700/https://www.dnaindia.com/television/photo-gallery-pics-hina-khan-s-latest-photoshoot-has-left-the-fashion-police-gawking-in-awe-and-fans-gasping-for-breath-2700201 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khan was named the ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]''{{'}}s &quot;Most Desirable Women on Television&quot; in 2018 and 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-tops-the-times-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2018/articleshow/69281775.cms |title=Meet TV's most desirable actresses |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-to-shehnaz-gill-meet-the-times-top-20-most-desirable-women-on-tv-2019/photostory/77943901.cms?picid=77944022 |title=Hina Khan to Shehnaz Gill: Meet the Times Top 20 Most Desirable Women on TV 2019 |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subsequently, she was also placed in the &quot;Times 50 Most Desirable Women&quot; list, at 19th in 2018 and at 29th in 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Meet India's most desirable divas ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/69468095.cms |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=MEET THE TIMES 50 MOST DESIRABLE WOMEN 2019 ► |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/meet-indias-most-desirable-divas/articleshow/77805527.cms |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2018, ''[[The Times of India|Times]]'' ranked her 2nd in the ''Top 10 Popular Actress'' in Television.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/top-10-indian-tv-actresses-who-are-more-famous-than-their-bollywood-counterparts/articleshow/62754988.cms|title=Top 10 TV Actress|newspaper=The Times of India |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=17 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was also ranked 18th in ''BizAsia''{{'}}s list of top 30 TV Personalities in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/tv-personality-2020-live-updates/ |title=TV Personality 2020: Live updates |website=BizAsia |date=19 December 2020 |language=en-GB |access-date=9 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2023, she ranked 2nd in ''[[Times Now]]'' &quot;Popular Television Actresses&quot; list.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/web-stories/entertainment/9-indian-tv-actresses-who-are-more-famous-than-bollywood-stars/photostory/100432740.cms|title=9 Indian TV actresses who are more famous than Bollywood Stars|newspaper=[[Times Now]] |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=5 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In addition to her roles on television, Khan has also appeared as a guest in many other series. Her first guest appearance was in ''[[Kayamath]]'' in 2009 followed by ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'' and ''[[Sabki Laadli Bebo]]''. After that she appeared as a guest in ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]'', ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' and ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]'' in 2010. In 2011 she appeared as a guest in ''[[MasterChef India|Chef Pankaj Ka Zayka]]'', a cooking show. In December 2016, Khan made an appearance on ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]'', as a panellist to support her friend [[Rohan Mehra (born 1990)|Rohan Mehra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;hkbb10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Its-confirmed-Hina-Khan-to-be-finally-seen-on-the-show/articleshow/55841572.cms |title=Bigg Boss 10: It's confirmed Hina Khan to be finally seen on the show |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-date=16 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816124506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Bigg-Boss-10-Its-confirmed-Hina-Khan-to-be-finally-seen-on-the-show/articleshow/55841572.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/priyanka-jagga-gets-evicted-from-the-house-stays-in-secret-room-4422387/ |title=Bigg Boss 10, 11th December 2016 written update: Hina Khan joins Salman Khan to support Rohan Mehra. |date=11 December 2016 |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140447/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bigg-boss-season-10/priyanka-jagga-gets-evicted-from-the-house-stays-in-secret-room-4422387/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Films===<br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4 | 2020<br /> |''Smartphone''<br /> | Suman<br /> | Short film<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/hina-khan-reveals-her-biggest-challenge-in-short-film-smartphone-1670054-2020-04-23 |title=Hina Khan reveals her biggest challenge in short film Smartphone |date=23 April 2020 |access-date=17 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Hacked (film)|Hacked]]''<br /> | Sameera Khanna<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/vikram-bhatts-hacked-to-release-on-february-7-792407.html |title=Vikram Bhatt's 'Hacked' to release on February 7 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=8 January 2020 |access-date=8 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Unlock''<br /> | Suhani<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/unlock-the-haunted-app-teaser-out-hina-khan-takes-to-dark-web-to-fulfill-her-sinister-wishes-1691780-2020-06-23 |title=Unlock teaser out: Hina Khan takes to dark web to fulfill her sinister wishes |website=Indian Today |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |date=30 June 2020 |access-date=11 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Wishlist''<br /> | Shalini<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Also co-producer<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/980660/wishlist-trailer-hina-khan-leads-film-about-terminal-illness-and-a-bucket-list |title='Wishlist' trailer: Hina Khan leads film about terminal illness and a bucket list |first=Scroll |last=World |website=Scroll.in |date=8 December 2020 |access-date=17 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2021<br /> | ''Lines''<br /> | Nazia<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hina Khan co-produces her upcoming film 'Lines', soon to release on OTT platform |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/hina-khan-is-a-portrait-of-resilience-hope-in-lines-trailer-7409478/lite |access-date=17 July 2021 |website=The Indian Express |date=17 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''[[Shinda Shinda No Papa]]''<br /> | Nikki<br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] film<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Gippy Grewal, Hina Khan unveil first look poster of 'Shinda Shinda No Papa'; film to release on this date |url=https://theprint.in/feature/gippy-grewal-hina-khan-unveil-first-look-poster-of-shinda-shinda-no-papa-film-to-release-on-this-date/2021102/?amp |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=The Print |date=30 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | TBA<br /> | {{Pending film|Country of Blind}}<br /> | {{TableTBA}}<br /> | Hindi–[[English language|English]] bilingual; also co-producer<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cannes 2022: Hina Khan launches poster of second film, Country Of Blind |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/cannes-2022-hina-khan-country-of-blind-poster-7930014/lite/ |access-date=23 June 2022 |website=The Indian Express |date=22 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2008<br /> | {{nowrap|''[[Indian Idol]]''}}<br /> | Contestant<br /> | Auditioned / Top 30<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;indianidol&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2009–2016<br /> | ''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''<br /> | [[Akshara Maheshwari Singhania]]<br /> | Main role<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/heena-khan-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-4413043/ |title=This is the real reason why Akshara aka Hina Khan left Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai |date=7 December 2016 |access-date=12 March 2019 |archive-date=31 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131221218/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/heena-khan-yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-4413043/ |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2017<br /> | ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 8]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Contestant<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1st runner-up<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-shantanu-maheshwari-i-never-expected-to-make-it-to-the-finale-says-hina-khan-lifetv-1055326-2017-09-30 |title=Khatron Ke Khiladi 8: I never expected to make it to the finale, says Hina Khan |date=30 September 2017 |access-date=12 March 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012025029/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/khatron-ke-khiladi-8-shantanu-maheshwari-i-never-expected-to-make-it-to-the-finale-says-hina-khan-lifetv-1055326-2017-09-30 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2017–2018<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 11)|Bigg Boss 11]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-runner-up-hina-khan-on-losing-to-shilpa-shinde-salman-said-difference-was-of-few-thousand-votes-4304737.html |title=Bigg Boss 11 runner up Hina Khan on losing to Shilpa Shinde: Salman said difference was of few thousand votes |date=15 January 2018 |access-date=12 March 2019 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616003818/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-11-runner-up-hina-khan-on-losing-to-shilpa-shinde-salman-said-difference-was-of-few-thousand-votes-4304737.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2018–2019<br /> | ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''<br /> | Komolika Chaubey Basu<br /> | Main role<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-as-komolika-is-the-best-cast-in-kasautii-zindagi-kay-2-vikas-gupta/articleshow/66134717.cms |title=Hina Khan as Komolika is the best cast in Kasautii Zindagi Kay 2: Vikas Gupta |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=12 March 2019 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030225340/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-as-komolika-is-the-best-cast-in-kasautii-zindagi-kay-2-vikas-gupta/articleshow/66134717.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2020<br /> | ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]''<br /> | Nageshvari aka Sarvashreshtha Adi Naagin<br /> | Extended cameo<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title='Don't Want to do Television', Says Hina Khan About Her Short 'Naagin 5' Role |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dont-want-to-do-television-says-hina-khan-about-her-short-naagin-5-role-2800055.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820214240/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dont-want-to-do-television-says-hina-khan-about-her-short-naagin-5-role-2800055.html |archive-date=20 August 2020 |access-date=19 August 2020 |website=[[News18 India]] |date=19 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | {{no wrap|''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14)|Bigg Boss 14]]''}}<br /> | Senior<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-fans-are-loving-seniors-sidharth-shukla-and-hina-khan-bonding-in-the-show/articleshow/78494001.cms |title=Bigg Boss 14 fans are loving seniors Sidharth Shukla and Hina Khan's bonding in the show |website=The Times of India |date=5 October 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |archive-date=6 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006010813/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-14-fans-are-loving-seniors-sidharth-shukla-and-hina-khan-bonding-in-the-show/articleshow/78494001.cms |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2022<br /> | ''Shadyantra''<br /> | Natasha<br /> | Teleplay on [[Zee Theatre]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hina Khan 'Delighted' To Make Her Theatre Debut With Thriller Teleplay Shadyantra |url=https://www.www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/hina-khan-delighted-to-mark-her-theatre-debut-with-thriller-teleplay-shadyanta-6575113.html |access-date=17 December 2022 |website=News18 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13]]''<br /> |Challenger<br /> |<br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/mr-faisu-to-join-divyanka-tripathi-and-hina-khan-as-a-new-addition-in-khatron-ke-khiladi-13-exclusive/articleshow/100944663.cms | title=Mr Faisu to join Divyanka Tripathi and Hina Khan as a new addition in 'Khatron Ke Khiladi 13'- Exclusive | newspaper=The Times of India |accessdate=21 September 2023 | date=12 June 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Pati Patni Aur Panga – Jodiyon Ka Reality Check|Pati Patni Aur Panga]]''<br /> |Contestant<br /> | 4th Runner-up <br /> |style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=22 June 2025|title=Pati, Patni, Aur Panga: Hina Khan and her husband Rocky make their first on-screen appearance post marriage. Watch|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/pati-patni-aur-panga-hina-khan-and-her-husband-make-first-screen-apperance-10081003/|access-date=31 July 2025|work=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Special appearances ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; | 2009<br /> | ''[[Kayamath]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |[[Akshara Maheshwari Singhania]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Karam Apnaa Apnaa]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kumkum – Ek Pyara Sa Bandhan]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sabki Laadli Bebo]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna (2008 TV series)|Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kasturi (2007 TV series)|Kasturi]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat (TV series)|Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Perfect Bride]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2010<br /> | ''[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sasural Genda Phool]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2011<br /> | ''[[Chand Chupa Badal Mein]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''Chef Pankaj Ka Zayka''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Akshara loves Chef Pankaj! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Akshara-loves-Chef-Pankaj/articleshow/9924348.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812132736/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Akshara-loves-Chef-Pankaj/articleshow/9924348.cms |archive-date=12 August 2017 |access-date=13 May 2017 |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2012<br /> | ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Teri Meri Love Stories]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2013<br /> | ''[[MasterChef India|Masterchef - Kitchen Ke Superstars]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Herself<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sanaya Irani, Hina Khan &amp; Rupal Patel to have fun at MasterChef 3 |url=http://www.metromasti.com/tv/gossip/Sanaya-Irani-Hina-Khan-Rupal-Patel-to-have-fun-at-MasterChef/26140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711024212/http://www.metromasti.com/tv/gossip/Sanaya-Irani-Hina-Khan-Rupal-Patel-to-have-fun-at-MasterChef/26140 |archive-date=11 July 2017 |access-date=13 May 2017 |website=[[Metro Masti]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 6|Nach Baliye 6]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | 2014<br /> | ''[[Yeh Hai Mohabbatein]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Akshara Maheshwari Singhania<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2015<br /> | ''[[Tere Sheher Mein]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Diya Aur Baati Hum]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Comedy Classes]]''<br /> |Herself<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2016<br /> | ''[[Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant]]''<br /> |Neha Khanna<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 10)|Bigg Boss 10]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |Herself<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;hkbb10&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Box Cricket League 2'' <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=200 Actors, 10 Teams, and 1 Winner... Let The Game Begin |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224202348/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/200-Actors-10-Teams-and-1-Winner-Let-The-Game-Begin/articleshow/50219718.cms |archive-date=24 December 2018 |access-date=4 March 2016 |work=The Times of India |date=18 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2017<br /> | ''[[Waaris (2016 TV series)|Waaris]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Hina Khan's 'full swag performance' on TV show 'Waaris' |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khans-full-swag-performance-on-tv-show-waaris/articleshow/57561542.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314014157/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khans-full-swag-performance-on-tv-show-waaris/articleshow/57561542.cms |archive-date=14 March 2017 |access-date=13 May 2017 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[India Banega Manch]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bhaag Bakool Bhaag]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2018<br /> | ''[[Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bepannah]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 September 2018 |title=Bigg Boss 12: Hina Khan and Hiten Tejwani to enter Bigg Boss house again |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-12-hina-khan-and-hiten-tejwani-to-enter-bigg-boss-house-again-bigg-boss-12-news/articleshow/65829969.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=25 December 2018 |title=Bigg Boss 12: Hina Khan ENTERS BB hotel, gives INTERESTING tasks to Karanvir &amp; Deepak (WATCH VIDEO) |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-12-kasautii-actress-hina-khan-enters-bb-hotel-gives-interesting-tasks-to-karanvir-bohra-deepak-thakur-watch-video-883596/amp}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Kanpur Wale Khuranas]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=21 December 2018 |title=Divyanka Tripathi, Vivek Dahiya and Hina Khan visit the sets of Kanpur Wale Khuranas |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/divyanka-tripathi-vivek-dahiya-and-hina-khan-visit-the-sets-of-kanpur-wale-khuranas/articleshow/67188253.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420125800/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/divyanka-tripathi-vivek-dahiya-and-hina-khan-visit-the-sets-of-kanpur-wale-khuranas/articleshow/67188253.cms |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=25 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2019<br /> | ''[[Khatra Khatra Khatra]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=हिना खान 'खतरा खतरा खतरा' के दिवाली स्पेशल एपिसोड में आएंगी |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=25 October 2019 |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/bollywood/tv/news/tv-hina-khan-to-be-appeared-in-special-episode-of-khatra-khatra-khatra-01673257.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 13)|Bigg Boss 13]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=Bigg Boss 13: Hina Khan makes contestants emotional; tells them to choose between groceries or their loved ones messages |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13-hina-khan-makes-contestants-emotional-tells-them-to-choose-between-groceries-or-their-loved-ones-messages/articleshow/71459363.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007062700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13-hina-khan-makes-contestants-emotional-tells-them-to-choose-between-groceries-or-their-loved-ones-messages/articleshow/71459363.cms |archive-date=7 October 2019 |access-date=7 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=16 December 2019 |title=Bigg Boss 13: Hina Khan whispers into Rashami's ear 'You have made enough mistakes, don't repeat them |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-13-hina-khan-whispers-into-rashamis-ear-you-have-made-enough-mistakes-dont-repeat-them/articleshow/72701550.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=Bigg Boss 13 Episode 112 highlights: Hina Khan adds major twist to Elite Club task |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-13-episode-112-highlights-hina-khan-adds-major-twist-in-the-elite-club-task-1639035-2020-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 February 2020 |title=Bigg Boss 13 Weekend Ka Vaar: Hina Khan shares selfie with Salman Khan as she promotes hacked on the show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bigg-boss-13-weekend-ka-vaar-hina-khan-shares-selfie-salman-khan-she-promotes-hacked-show-504581 |access-date=2 February 2020 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124801/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/bigg-boss-13-weekend-ka-vaar-hina-khan-shares-selfie-salman-khan-she-promotes-hacked-show-504581 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''Kitchen Champion''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 March 2019 |title=After Bigg Boss 11, Hina Khan and Priyank Sharma reunite for this TV show |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/after-bigg-boss-11-hina-khan-and-priyank-sharma-reunite-for-this-tv-show-1476524-2019-03-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312175840/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/after-bigg-boss-11-hina-khan-and-priyank-sharma-reunite-for-this-tv-show-1476524-2019-03-12 |archive-date=12 March 2019 |access-date=12 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2021<br /> | ''[[Pandya Store]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=23 February 2020 |title=Hina Khan shoots for 'something special' with Ragini Khanna and Neelu Waghela; see photos |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/hina-khan-shoots-for-something-special-with-ragini-khanna-and-neelu-waghela-see-photos/articleshow/81171769.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | ''MTV Forbidden Angels''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss OTT (Hindi TV series)|Bigg Boss OTT]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Bigg Boss OTT: Hina Khan visits the show in a gorgeous saree; says, 'I don't have any favourite contestant' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-ott-hina-khan-visits-the-show-in-a-gorgeous-saree-says-i-dont-have-any-favourite-contestant/articleshow/85535973.cms |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=22 August 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 15)|Bigg Boss 15]]''<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=Bigg Boss 15 Weekend Ka Vaar: Hina Khan brings pain, Salman Khan scolds Jay Bhanushali, watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-15-weekend-ka-vaar-hina-khan-salman-khan-jay-bhanushali-watch-video-7586623/ |access-date=24 October 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''[[Swayamvar – Mika Di Vohti]]''<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Web series===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Notes<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Damaged (TV series)|''Damaged'']]<br /> | Gauri Batra<br /> | Season 2<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.abplive.in/television/damaged-2-kasautii-zindagii-kay-actress-hina-khan-to-make-her-digital-debut-alongside-ahdyayan-suman-with-hungama-plays-series-see-pictures-1078435 |title=PICS: Hina Khan Bags Another Project; To Make Her Digital Debut With Adhyayan Summan In 'Damaged 2'! |work=[[ABP Live]] |date=22 September 2019 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922180850/https://www.abplive.in/television/damaged-2-kasautii-zindagii-kay-actress-hina-khan-to-make-her-digital-debut-alongside-ahdyayan-suman-with-hungama-plays-series-see-pictures-1078435 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2024<br /> | ''Namacool''<br /> | Rubiya<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/feature/teaser-of-hina-khan-starrer-namacool-out/2060024/ |title=Teaser of Hina Khan-starrer 'Namacool' out |work=The Print |date=27 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | TBA<br /> | ''Seven One''<br /> | Radhika Shroff<br /> | <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/hina-khan-to-portray-police-inspector-without-an-ounce-of-glamour-in-adeeb-rais-new-series-seven-one-4954946.html |title=Hina Khan to Portray Police Inspector Without an 'Ounce of Glamour' In Adeeb Rais' New Series Seven One |work=News18 |date=18 April 2022 |access-date=7 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Music video appearances===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Singer(s)<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> | &quot;Bhasoodi&quot;<br /> | Sonu Thukral<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2019<br /> | &quot;Raanjhana&quot;<br /> | [[Arijit Singh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/music/story/hina-khan-and-priyank-sharma-s-chemistry-is-unmissable-in-raanjhana-teaser-1626994-2019-12-10 |title=Hina Khan and Priyank Sharma's chemistry is unmissable in Raanjhana teaser |date=10 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 2020<br /> | &quot;Humko Tum Mil Gaye&quot;<br /> | Naresh Sharma and [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/hina-khan-on-humko-tum-mil-gaye-besides-being-a-romantic-number-it-also-has-a-strong-message-6596597/ |title=Hina Khan on Humko Tum Mil Gaye: Besides being a romantic number, it also has a strong message |date=15 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2021<br /> | &quot;Bedard&quot;<br /> | [[Stebin Ben]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/bedard-song-out-hina-khan-s-new-music-video-will-leave-you-heartbroken-1791667-2021-04-16 |title=Bedard song out. Hina Khan's new music video will leave you heartbroken |website=India Today |first=Grace |last=Cyril |date=8 December 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Patthar Wargi&quot;<br /> | Ranveer<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/patthar-wargi-song-hina-khan-narrates-the-story-of-love-and-heartbreak-in-this-soulful-b-praak-composition-watch-7314677/lite |title=Patthar Wargi song: Hina Khan narrates the story of love and heartbreak in this soulful B Praak composition, watch |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=16 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/patthar-wargi-hina-khan-looks-stunning-in-bts-pictures-from-latest-b-praak-song-101620899338641-amp.html |title=Hina Khan looks stunning in BTS pictures from latest B Praak song |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=13 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Baarish Ban Jaana&quot;<br /> | [[Payal Dev]] and [[Stebin Ben]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/hina-khan-shares-new-bts-video-from-baarish-ban-jaana-sets-with-shaheer-sheikh-1809016-2021-05-31 |title=Hina Khan shares new BTS video from Baarish Ban Jaana sets with Shaheer Sheikh |date=31 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Main Bhi Barbaad&quot;<br /> | [[Yasser Desai]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hina Khan, Angad Bedi look fierce in Main Bhi Barbaad music video teaser. Song out tomorrow |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/hina-khan-angad-bedi-look-fierce-in-main-bhi-barbaad-music-video-teaser-song-out-tomorrow-1855742-2021-09-22 |access-date=23 September 2021 |website=India Today |date=22 September 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | &quot;Mohabbat Hai&quot;<br /> | [[Stebin Ben]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/hina-khan-to-romance-shaheer-sheikh-in-new-music-video-mohabbat-hai-teaser-out-1885707-2021-12-08 |title=Hina Khan to romance Shaheer Sheikh in new music video Mohabbat Hai. Teaser out |website=India Today |first=Grace |last=Cyril |date=8 December 2021 |access-date=11 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |&quot;Runjhun&quot;<br /> |[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Runjhun song out now: Shaheer Sheikh is smitten by Hina Khan's beauty in this sizzling romantic number |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/runjhun-song-out-now-shaheer-sheikh-smitten-hina-khans-beauty-sizzling-romantic-number-1182087 |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=21 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221170710/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/runjhun-song-out-now-shaheer-sheikh-smitten-hina-khans-beauty-sizzling-romantic-number-1182087 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |&quot;Barsaat Aa Gayi&quot;<br /> |[[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Stebin Ben]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 June 2023 |title=Barsaat Aa Gayi's Hina Khan and Shaheer Sheikh talk about their off-screen equation |work=PINKVILLA |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-video-barsaat-aa-gayis-hina-khan-and-shaheer-sheikh-talk-about-their-off-screen-equation-1225859 |access-date=17 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2024<br /> |&quot;Halki Halki Si&quot;<br /> |[[Asees Kaur]], Saaj Bhatt<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cyril |first=Grace |date=2024-02-23 |title=Halki Halki Si Out: Hina Khan Wooes Munawar Faruqui In This Melodious Love Story |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/halki-halki-si-out-hina-khan-wooes-munawar-faruqui-in-this-melodious-love-story-article-107932557 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=[[TimesNow]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {{main|List of awards and nominations received by Hina Khan}}<br /> <br /> For ''Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'', Khan has won two [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Drama - Popular|ITA Award for Best Actress - Popular]], among three nominations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ITA_2010.pdf |title=The Chosen Ones |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109031114/http://www.indiantelevisionacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ITA_2010.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2016 |access-date=22 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[List of Hindi television actresses]]<br /> * [[List of Indian television actresses]]<br /> * [[List of Hindi film actresses]]&lt;!-- Notice: Please do not remove above lists as they are different. ---&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==&lt;!-- According to Wikipedia, social networking links like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube etc are not allowed. Please do not add these types of links.---&gt;<br /> <br /> * {{Bollywood Hungama person|hina-khan}}<br /> * {{IMDb name|5876095}}<br /> {{Navboxes|title=Shows for Hina Khan<br /> |list=<br /> {{Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi}}<br /> {{Bigg Boss}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Navboxes|title=Awards for Hina Khan<br /> |list=<br /> {{Indian Telly Award Fresh New Face Female}}<br /> {{Indian Television Academy Award Best Lead Actress}}<br /> {{Indian Telly Award Best Negative Actress}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Subject bar<br /> |commons = yes<br /> |commons-search = Category:Hina Khan<br /> |d = yes<br /> |d-search = Q10948640<br /> |portal1 = Biography<br /> |portal2 = Bollywood<br /> |portal3 = Films<br /> |portal4 = Television<br /> }}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Hina}}<br /> [[Category:1987 births]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri actors]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Srinagar]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Misrikh_Lok_Sabha_constituency&diff=477793 2026-02-22T16:14:20Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = LS<br /> | name = Misrikh &lt;Br&gt;{{Small|UP-32}}<br /> |established = 1962<br /> |reservation =SC<br /> |party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] <br /> |mp =[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]] <br /> |map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Misrikh.map}}<br /> |map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Misrikh Lok Sabha constituency<br /> |latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]<br /> |state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> |assembly_cons =[[Misrikh Assembly constituency|Misrikh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bilgram-Mallanwan Assembly constituency|Bilgram-Mallanwan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Balamau Assembly constituency|Balamau]]&lt;br&gt;[[Sandila Assembly constituency|Sandila]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bilhaur Assembly constituency|Bilhaur]]<br /> }}<br /> '''[[Misrikh Neemsar|Misrikh]] Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Assembly segments==<br /> Presently, Misrikh Lok Sabha constituency comprises five [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/043_PC_Statistics_English.aspx|title=Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-43-Kanpur|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; <br /> !No<br /> !Name<br /> !District<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Party<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2024 Lead<br /> |-<br /> |153<br /> |[[Misrikh Assembly constituency|Misrikh]] (SC) <br /> |[[Sitapur district|Sitapur]]<br /> |[[Ram Krishna Bhargava]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}<br /> |{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |159<br /> |[[Bilgram-Mallanwan Assembly constituency|Bilgram-Mallanwan]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]<br /> |[[Ashish Kumar Singh]]<br /> |{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |-<br /> |160<br /> |[[Balamau Assembly constituency|Balamau]] (SC)<br /> |[[Ram Pal Verma]]<br /> |-<br /> |161<br /> |[[Sandila Assembly constituency|Sandila]]<br /> |[[Alka Singh Arkvanshi]]<br /> |-<br /> |209<br /> |[[Bilhaur Assembly constituency|Bilhaur]] (SC)<br /> |[[Kanpur Nagar district|Kanpur Nagar]]<br /> |[[Rahul Bachha Sonkar]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Members of Parliament ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Member<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<br /> |[[Gokaran Prasad]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Sankta Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ram Lal Rahi]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br /> |[[Sankta Prasad]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ram Lal Rahi]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br /> |[[Paragi Lal]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br /> |Ram Shankar Bhargava<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br /> |[[Sushila Saroj]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]&lt;ref name=election2009&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/98-general-election-2009/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br /> |[[Anju Bala]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> ===2024===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Misrikh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Misrikh&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Misrikh |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2432.htm |access-date=25 February 2025 |work= |agency=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225162649/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2432.htm |archive-date=25 February 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Misrikh Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Misrikh Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/misrikh |access-date=25 February 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225162611/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/misrikh |archive-date=25 February 2025 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Misrikh Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/misrikh-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends &amp; Results June-2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2432.htm |website=eci.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party =Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate =[[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> |votes =4,75,016<br /> |percentage = 45.15 <br /> |change ={{down}}6.90<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party =Samajwadi Party <br /> |candidate =Sangita Rajwanshi <br /> |votes =4,41,610 <br /> |percentage =41.98 <br /> |change ={{up}}41.98<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = B. R. Ahirwar <br /> |votes =1,11,945<br /> |percentage = 10.64 <br /> |change ={{down}}31.61<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = NOTA<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |votes =8,029<br /> |percentage = 0.76<br /> |change ={{down}}0.23<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes =33,406<br /> |percentage =3.18<br /> |change ={{down}}6.62<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes =10,51,983 <br /> |percentage =56.01<br /> |change ={{down}}1.16<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner =BJP <br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2019===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Misrikh]]&lt;ref name=election2019&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> |votes = 5,34,429<br /> |percentage = 52.05<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Neelu Satyarthi<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |votes = 4,33,757<br /> |percentage = 42.25<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |candidate = Manjari Rahi<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = 26,505<br /> |percentage= 2.58<br /> |change =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party =Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)<br /> |candidate = [[Arun Kumari Kori]]<br /> |votes = 2,442<br /> |percentage = 0.24<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 10,181<br /> |percentage = 0.99<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 1,00,642<br /> |percentage = 9.80<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 10,27,382<br /> |percentage = 57.17<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing =<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Misrikh]]&lt;ref name=election2014&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Anju Bala]]<br /> |votes = 4,12,575<br /> |percentage = 41.33<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = [[Ashok Kumar Rawat]]<br /> |votes = 3,25,212<br /> |percentage = 32.58<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Samajwadi Party<br /> |candidate = [[Jai Prakash]]<br /> |votes = 1,94,759<br /> |percentage = 19.51<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Om Prakash<br /> |votes = 33,075<br /> |percentage = 3.31<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = Independent (politician)<br /> |candidate = Hans Mukhi Katheria<br /> |votes = 8,635<br /> |percentage = 0.86<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the Above]]<br /> |votes = 9,633<br /> |percentage = 0.96<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority|<br /> |votes = 87,363<br /> |percentage = 8.75<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout|<br /> |votes = 9,98,314<br /> |percentage = 57.85<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link|<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Sitapur district]]<br /> * [[Hardoi district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}<br /> <br /> {{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br /> {{Lucknow division topics}}<br /> <br /> {{Coord|27.43|80.52|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Hardoi district]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Aurangabad&diff=497223 2026-02-07T09:40:45Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: added data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Maharashtra, India}}<br /> {{For|the Church of North India diocese based in Aurangabad|Diocese of Marathwada}}<br /> {{No footnotes|date=November 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox diocese<br /> |jurisdiction = Diocese <br /> |name = Aurangabad <br /> |latin = Dioecesis Aurangabadensis<br /> |local = औरंगाबाद बिशपच्या अधिकारातील प्रदेश<br /> |country = {{flag|India}}<br /> |metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nagpur|Nagpur]] <br /> |province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nagpur|Nagpur]] <br /> |rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]] or [[Roman rite]]<br /> |cathedral = Cathedral of St Francis de Sales in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]<br /> |cocathedral = <br /> |parishes = 23<br /> |patron = <br /> |established = 17 December 1977<br /> |area_km2 = 64,525 <br /> |population = 10,258,000<br /> |population_as_of = 2012 <br /> |catholics = 15,623<br /> |catholics_percent= 0.2 <br /> |pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<br /> |bishop = [[Bernard Lancy Pinto]] <br /> |metro_archbishop = [[Elias Joseph Gonsalves]]<br /> |denomination=|emeritus_bishops=[[Ambrose Rebello]]}}<br /> <br /> The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Aurangabad''' ({{langx|la| Aurangabaden(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nagpur|Nagpur]] in India.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> On 17 December 1977, [[Pope Paul VI|Paul VI]] promulgated the [[papal bull]] ''Qui arcano'', establishing the Diocese of Aurangabad from the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Amravati|Diocese of Amravati]] and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad|Archdiocese of Hyderabad]].<br /> <br /> According to local sources, the Roman Catholic community numbers around {{formatnum:50000}}.<br /> <br /> ==Bishops==<br /> * [[Bernard Lancy Pinto]] (6 April 2024 - Present)<br /> * [[Ambrose Rebello]] (13 May 2015 – 2024)<br /> * [[Edwin Colaço]] (20 October 2006 –13 May 2015)<br /> * [[Sylvester Monteiro]] (9 February 1999 – 14 August 2005)<br /> * [[Ignatius D'Cunha]] (6 February 1989 – 20 January 1998)<br /> * [[Dominic Joseph Abreo]] (17 December 1977 – 1 May 1987)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; tags which will then appear here automatically --&gt;<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/aura0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/daura.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]<br /> <br /> {{coord|19.8857|N|75.3086|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aurangabad}}<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]<br /> [[Category:Christian organizations established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Christianity in Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-RC-diocese-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuzhimanna_Gramapanchayat&diff=472850 2026-01-25T04:17:20Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: update section based on references as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Kuzhimanna Gramapanchayat<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|11.176218|N|76.005381|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]<br /> | mapframe = yes<br /> | mapframe-point = none<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 34413<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 673641<br /> | registration_plate = KL- 84 Kondotty<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kuzhimanna Gramapanchayat''' is a Gramapanchayat located in Areecode Block Panchayat in Kondotty Taluk, The area of Kuzhimanna Gramapanchayat is 20.05 square kilometer. There is 18 wards in this panchayat. This panchayat was formed in 1961. Kuzhimanna Gramapanchayat is a town near Kondotty in [[Malappuram district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 &amp; above |publisher=Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India |accessdate=2008-12-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208044522/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archivedate=2008-12-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Location==<br /> The town of Kizhisseri is located in the middle of the main road from [[Kondotty]] to [[Areacode]]. '''Kuzhimanna''' is the formal name of the village.<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{As of|2011}} India [[census]], Kuzhimanna had a population of 34413 with 16879 males and 17534 females.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kuzhimanna Village Population - Ernad - Malappuram, Kerala |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/627453-kuzhimanna-kerala.html |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Suburbs and Villages==<br /> * Kaloth Hills<br /> * Onnam Mile<br /> * Ekkaparamba<br /> * Valappan Kundu<br /> * Alinchuvadu<br /> * Balathil Puraya<br /> * Neeruttikkal<br /> * Munduparamba Hills<br /> * Kanchiramoochy Hills<br /> * Hajiyapadi<br /> * Muthuvalloor<br /> * Kadungalloor<br /> * [[Kalathingal]]para<br /> * Velleri<br /> * Chemrakkattoor<br /> * Pookkattuchola<br /> * Alattippara<br /> * Kozhakkottoor<br /> * Kannarath<br /> * Chullikkode<br /> <br /> ==Important Landmarks==<br /> * Alabeer Hospital, Kizhisseri<br /> * Bukhari Madrassa, Kaloth<br /> * Sabihul Hudha Madrassa, Onnam Mile<br /> * Irshadu SAbyan Masjidh, Ekkaparamba<br /> * Markkasussalam Madrassa, Ekkaparamba<br /> * Hidayath Madrassa, Valappan Kundu<br /> * Ganapath School, Kizhisseri<br /> * Ragam Cinema, Kizhisseri<br /> * Chinese Chantha, Kizhisseri<br /> * Nellikkunnu Harijan Colony<br /> * Harithagiri Regional College<br /> * Old metal bridge, Kadungalloor<br /> * Shankara Narayana Temple, Kadungalloor<br /> * MMH Melmury <br /> * Friends Arts and Sports Club<br /> * Kizhisseri Development Society, KDS<br /> * Kuzhimanna Youth Club, KYC<br /> * Badar Masjid<br /> * Manshaussaada Madrassa<br /> * Gov:Higher Secondary School Kuzhimanna<br /> * Gov:Higher Secondary School Chullikkode<br /> * Al Ansar Orphanage<br /> * Izzath Izlamic Complex<br /> * Secure steel doors and windows, Cheruparambu<br /> * Melepurakkal Hospital, Kadungallur<br /> * Govt.UP School, Kadungallur<br /> * Kadungallur Youth Cultural Club (KYCC)<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> Kuzhimanna village connects to other parts of India through [[Feroke]] town on the west and [[Nilambur]] town on the east. National highway No.66 passes through [[Pulikkal]] and the northern stretch connects to [[Goa]] and [[Mumbai]]. The southern stretch connects to [[Cochin]] and [[Trivandrum]]. State Highway No.28 starts from Nilambur and connects to [[Ooty]], [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]] through Highways.12,29 and 181. The nearest airport is at [[Kozhikode Airport|Kozhikode]]. The nearest major railway station is at [[Feroke]].<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Malappuram district}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]<br /> [[Category:Kondotty area]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Malappuram-geo-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juang_people&diff=473626 2026-01-18T17:12:29Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: cleaned up references to improve readability based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Ethnic group}}<br /> {{Infobox ethnic group<br /> | group = Juang<br /> | image = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | population = 47,095 (2011)<br /> | total_ref = &lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Government of India|access-date=23 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | total_source = <br /> | popplace = India&lt;br/&gt;[[Odisha]]<br /> | languages = [[Juang language|Juang]], [[Odia language|Odia]]<br /> | religions = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sarnaism]]<br /> | related = [[Munda people|Munda]] • [[Ho people|Ho]] • [[Santhal people|Santhal]] • [[Austroasiatic languages|Mon-Khmer people]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Juang''' are an [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] ethnic group found only in the Gonsaika hills of [[Keonjhar district]] of [[Odisha]]. Some ''Juangs'', however migrated to neighbouring plains of [[Dhenkanal district]] of Odisha during the Bhuiyan revolt in the late 19th century. The [[Juang language]] belongs to the [[Munda languages|Munda family]]{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} of the [[Austroasiatic languages]]. They are classified as a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribe]] by the Indian government.&lt;ref name=&quot;census&quot;/&gt; The 2011 census showed their population to be around 50,000.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Juang.jpg|thumb|A sketch of Juang people in 1872]]<br /> The Juang tradition claims that the place where the tribe originated is the Gonasika Hills, near Keonjhar, at the source of the [[Baitarani River]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.panoramio.com/photo/39117421 Gonasika Hill, near Keonjhar, origin of River Baitarani]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> After the British declared their forests as reserves, the Juangs were forced to look for an alternative way of sustenance. They were skilled at basket-weaving, which was in demand in nearby caste villages. The Juangs would exchange their baskets for salt, oil, food, money from the village traders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Forest tribes of Orissa : lifestyle and social conditions of selected Orissan tribes|last1=Naveen|first1=Patnaik|last2=Choudhury|first2=B.P.|last3=Seeland|first3=K.|last4=Rath|first4=A.|last5=Biswal|first5=A.K.|last6=Giri|first6=D.B.|publisher=D.K. Printworld|year=2007|isbn=9788124604151|location=New Delhi|oclc=49332310}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> [[File:OpenSpeaks-Jun-Opino Gomango-Kshetrabasi Juanga-Short Introduction.webm|thumb|A native Juang speaker introducing himself in [[Juang language|Juang]] in 2025]]<br /> Their traditional folk dance included vigorous dances mimicking birds and other animals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/307013/Juang|title=Juang {{!}} people|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-23|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They celebrate festival such as Pusha Purnima, Amba Nuakhia, Pirha Puja, Akhaya Trutiya, Asarhi, Gahma etc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/tribes/91-tribes/171-juang|title=Juang|publisher=[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute|SCSTRTI]]|access-date=22 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Formerly the Juang used to be also known as ''Patuas'', literally &quot;leaf-wearers&quot;. Traditionally the women wore girdles of leaves,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064530/http://www.swan.ac.uk/visualanthropology/projects/003_Dalton/images/photo_33.jpg Colonel Edward Tuite Dalton - Lithographs &amp; Plates - Juang girls]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.swansea.ac.uk/visualanthropology/projects/003_Dalton/images/photo_33.jpg|title=Lithographs and Plates - Juang girls|last=Dalton|first=Edward Tuite|website=University of Swansea|access-date=2017-10-23|archive-date=2016-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308063020/http://www.swansea.ac.uk/visualanthropology/projects/003_Dalton/images/photo_33.jpg|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; while the men wore a small loincloth.<br /> <br /> ===Language===<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |label1= [[Juang language|Juang]]<br /> |value1= 63.17<br /> |label2=[[Odia language|Odia]]<br /> |value2=35.45<br /> |label3=[[Santali language|Santali]]<br /> |value3=0.89<br /> |other=yes<br /> |caption=Mother tongue of Juang people (2011 census)}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Acharya |first1=Sabita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YFVutAEACAAJ |title=Ethnography of Juang Tribe Odisha |last2=Mohanty |first2=S. K. |date=2015 |publisher=Gyanajuga Publication |isbn=978-93-85798-44-3 |language=en}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Dāśa |first=Rabinārāẏaṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94DWAAAAMAAJ |title=Art and Culture of the Juang |date=1992 |publisher=Orissa Lalit Kala Akademi |language=en}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Patnaik |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQM9AAAAMAAJ |title=The Juang |date=1989 |publisher=Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute, H. &amp; T.W. Department |language=en}}<br /> *{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o6gpzwEACAAJ |title=Forest Tribes of Orissa: The Juang |date=2002 |publisher=D.K. Printworld |language=en}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Sahoo |first1=Madhusmita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z-ToAEACAAJ|title=A Heritage of Tribes in India: Ethnic Diversity of the Juang Tribes |last2=Naidu |first2=T. Subramanyam |date=2017 |publisher=SSDN Publishers &amp; Distributors |isbn=978-93-83575-07-7 |language=en}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]<br /> [[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Indian castes]]<br /> [[Category:Weaving communities of South Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravi_Shankar%27s_Music_Festival_from_India&diff=529995 2026-01-14T04:07:55Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Made New Details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1976 album by Ravi Shankar}}<br /> &lt;!-- Please leave this line alone! --&gt;<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox concert<br /> |concert_tour_name = Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India&lt;br /&gt;tour of Europe<br /> |image = RaviShankar'sMusicFestivalFromIndia poster.jpg<br /> |image_size = 215px<br /> |artist = [[Ravi Shankar]]<br /> |start_date = 23 September 1974<br /> |end_date = mid October 1974<br /> |number_of_shows =<br /> |album=<br /> | last_tour = <br /> | this_tour = '''Music Festival from India tour of Europe'''<br /> | next_tour = [[George Harrison and Ravi Shankar's 1974 North American tour]]<br /> | Misc = <br /> }}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India<br /> | type = [[Album]]<br /> | artist = [[Ravi Shankar]]<br /> | cover = RaviShankar'sMusicFestivalFromIndia_album_cover.jpg<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 6 February 1976<br /> | recorded = August−September 1974<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio = [[FPSHOT]], Oxfordshire<br /> | genre = [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani classical]]<br /> | length = 47:23<br /> | label = [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]]<br /> | producer = [[George Harrison]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Shankar Family &amp; Friends]]<br /> | prev_year = 1974<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> '''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India''' was an [[Indian classical music]] revue led by [[sitar]]ist and composer [[Ravi Shankar]] intended for Western concert audiences and performed in 1974. Its presentation was the first project undertaken by the [[Material World Charitable Foundation]], set up the previous year by ex-[[The Beatles|Beatle]] [[George Harrison]]. Long a champion of Indian music, Harrison also produced an eponymous studio album by the Music Festival orchestra, which was released in 1976 on his [[Dark Horse Records|Dark Horse]] record label. Both the CD format of the '''''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India''''' album and a DVD of their performance at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London were issued for the first time on the 2010 Shankar–Harrison box set ''[[Collaborations (Ravi Shankar and George Harrison album)|Collaborations]]''.<br /> <br /> The sixteen members of Shankar's Music Festival from India included [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], [[Shivkumar Sharma]], [[Alla Rakha]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan|T.V. Gopalkrishnan]], [[L. Subramaniam]], [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]] and [[Lakshmi Shankar]]. Several of the musicians began successful international careers as a result of their participation, and all are recognised as being among the late twentieth century's finest exponents of Indian classical music. The ensemble played in Europe in September and October 1974 before [[George Harrison and Ravi Shankar's 1974 North American tour|touring North America with Harrison and his band]] during the final two months of the year.<br /> <br /> ==Background and concept==<br /> [[File:Subah-e-Banaras.jpg|thumb|260px|left|Present-day Benares (Varanasi). The plan for the Music Festival from India came about when George Harrison visited Shankar at his riverfront house in Benares in January 1974.]]<br /> Although he had composed and performed orchestral works in India, as [[All India Radio]]'s music director between 1949 and 1956,&lt;ref&gt;Lavezzoli, p. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ravi Shankar]]'s only similar project for Western audiences had been when he toured America with his [[Ravi Shankar's Festival from India|Festival from India]] orchestra in 1968.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 203–04, 324.&lt;/ref&gt; The tour featured musicians such as [[Shivkumar Sharma]], [[Jitendra Abhisheki]] and [[Palghat R. Raghu|Palghat Raghu]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ravishankar.org/reflections.html &quot;Excerpts from a conversation between Raviji and Satish and Shashi Vyas, June 2007&quot;], The Ravi Shankar Foundation (retrieved 9 February 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; with Shankar's regular [[jugalbandi]] partner, [[sarod]]ya [[Ali Akbar Khan]], joining the ensemble for their concerts in California.&lt;ref name=&quot;Braitman/VN News&quot;&gt;Stephen M.H. Braitman, &quot;Pop Sounds from India Rock Greek: Ravi Shankar, Greek Theatre, Los Angeles&quot;, ''[[Los Angeles Daily News#History|Van Nuys News]]'', 30 June 1968; available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/pop-sounds-from-india-rock-greek-ravi-shankar-greek-theatre-los-angeles Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Staff writer, [http://stanforddailyarchive.com/cgi-bin/stanford?a=d&amp;d=stanford19680705-01.2.16&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-student+army+training+corps------# &quot;Shankar, Indians To Play In Festival&quot;], ''[[The Stanford Daily]]'', 5 July 1968, p. 6 (retrieved 25 August 2015).&lt;/ref&gt; The plan for the larger Music Festival from India took shape in January 1974,&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivia p 302&quot; /&gt; when his friend [[George Harrison]] visited Shankar in his home town of [[Benares]].&lt;ref&gt;Leng, pp. 148, 165.&lt;/ref&gt; Harrison attended a religious ceremony in honour of Shankar's new home, Hemangana, beside the [[River Ganges]] at Benares, after which he suggested that Shankar assemble an orchestra for concert tours of Europe and the United States.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, p. 223.&lt;/ref&gt; According to Harrison, the Music Festival was something that he himself had been wanting to stage &quot;since about '67&quot;.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3&gt;''Collaborations'', p. 15.&lt;/ref&gt; He was particularly inspired after hearing Shankar's orchestral piece ''Nava Rasa Ranga'' while in Bombay, where Harrison had recorded part of his 1968 solo album ''[[Wonderwall Music]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivia p 302&quot;&gt;Olivia Harrison, p. 302.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Unlike the Harrison-produced ''[[Shankar Family &amp; Friends]]'', a cross-cultural project recorded in 1973,&lt;ref&gt;Rodriguez, p. 237.&lt;/ref&gt; the focus behind the new collaboration was to celebrate the traditional aspects of [[Indian classical music]], both in concerts performed by the sixteen-piece Music Festival orchestra and in the studio.&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;Lavezzoli, p. 195.&lt;/ref&gt; Shankar would act as composer and conductor, rather than musician, and only play sitar on his famed [[ragas]] during the live performances. The presentation of the Music Festival was the first project undertaken by Harrison under the auspices of his [[Material World Charitable Foundation]], one of the aims of which was to &quot;sponsor diverse forms of artistic expression and to encourage the exploration of alternative life views and philosophies&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;''Collaborations'', p. 32.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Musicians==<br /> Shankar gathered an impressive array of contributors for the project, whom he would describe decades later as &quot;these wonderful musicians who are now superstars&quot;.&lt;ref name=autogenerated3 /&gt; Many of the players he had a musical history with already.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 113, 222–23.&lt;/ref&gt; Almost all of them are among the finest exponents of Indian classical music&lt;ref&gt;Rodriguez, p. 238.&lt;/ref&gt; – flautist [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]], [[tabla]] legend [[Alla Rakha]], the multi-talented [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan|T.V. Gopalkrishnan]] on [[mridangam]] and vocals, South Indian violin virtuoso [[L. Subramaniam]], [[sarangi]] master [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]], [[santoor]] pioneer [[Shivkumar Sharma]], and [[Gopal Krishan]], credited with the emergence of the [[vichitra veena]] in that musical genre. A sitarist and percussion player, [[Harihar Rao]] had been a student of Shankar's during the 1950s before winning a [[Fulbright scholarship]] and taking a position in the [[ethnomusicology]] department of the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA).&lt;ref name=&quot;Lavezzoli, pp. 294–95&quot;&gt;Lavezzoli, pp. 294–95.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The featured singer was once more [[Lakshmi Shankar]],&lt;ref&gt;Leng, p. 138.&lt;/ref&gt; Shankar's sister-in-law and a noted [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] vocalist.&lt;ref&gt;Manjari Sinha, [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article3217603.ece &quot;Ageless artiste, timeless charm …&quot;], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 24 March 2006 (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; Like Sharma, Rakha and Lakshmi had been among the members of Shankar's 1968 revue.&lt;ref name=&quot;Braitman/VN News&quot; /&gt; For the first time in one of his projects, Shankar invited his niece [[Viji Shankar|Viji]] (Lakshmi's daughter), who joined her aunt, [[Kamala Chakravarty]], as second vocalists to Lakshmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shankar p 224&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rehearsals and recording==<br /> Shankar and Harrison met again during the summer of 1974, in England, where Harrison arranged a house in London's [[Belgravia]] area for Shankar and the latter's partner, Chakravarty, while the other musicians were accommodated at the Imperial Hotel in [[Henley-on-Thames]], west of London.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 224, 268–69.&lt;/ref&gt; Harrison had the orchestra personnel picked up from the hotel each day in a Mercedes [[stretch limousine]] previously owned by [[John Lennon]] and [[Yoko Ono]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Shankar p 224&quot;&gt;Shankar, p. 224.&lt;/ref&gt; He later recalled the amusing sight of Rakha and the other traditionally dressed Indian musicians as they exited the vehicle on arrival at his Henley home, [[Friar Park]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivia p 302&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Shankar composed new material specifically for the Music Festival and recorded it using Harrison's 16-track home studio facility, [[FPSHOT]].&lt;ref&gt;Madinger &amp; Easter, pp. 442, 443.&lt;/ref&gt; Describing himself as &quot;an improviser by nature&quot;, every day for three weeks Shankar would leave London and head west on the [[M4 motorway|M4]],&lt;ref name=autogenerated3 /&gt; during which he would write the music to be run through with the musicians that day in Friar Park's grand drawing room.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 224, 305.&lt;/ref&gt; Harrison remarked of the process: &quot;It was amazing, because he'd sit there and say to one person, 'This is where you play,' and the next one, 'And you do this,' and 'You do that,' and they're all going, What? 'OK, one, two, three ...' And you'd think, 'This is going to be a catastrophe' – and it would be the most amazing thing.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivia p 302&quot; /&gt; The principal sound engineer on the sessions, and Harrison's regular engineer at FPSHOT during this period, was Shankar's nephew Kumar,&lt;ref&gt;Leng, p. 146.&lt;/ref&gt; with [[Phil McDonald]] assisting on &quot;Raga Jait&quot; and &quot;Naderdani&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP sleeve credits&quot;&gt;Sleeve credits, ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'' LP ([[Dark Horse Records]], 1976; produced by George Harrison).&lt;/ref&gt; Kumar Shankar joined the cast for publicity photos taken by [[Clive Arrowsmith]] in the house and grounds.&lt;ref&gt;Olivia Harrison, pp. 304–07, 397.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;George Harrison, plate XXXIX.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The orchestra rehearsed for their upcoming live performances at Friar Park also.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madinger &amp; Easter p 442&quot;&gt;Madinger &amp; Easter, p. 442.&lt;/ref&gt; Midway through the proceedings, on 6 September, Harrison held a press conference in London and announced plans for the Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India tour of Europe, lasting through into October.&lt;ref&gt;Badman, p. 131.&lt;/ref&gt; A co-headlining North American tour would follow,&lt;ref&gt;Leng, pp. 147–48.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 223, 225.&lt;/ref&gt; for which Harrison, as the main attraction, was growing increasingly unprepared, such was his dedication to this project, and after having already lavished months of his time on ''[[The Place I Love]]'' by [[Splinter (band)|Splinter]], another Dark Horse act.&lt;ref&gt;Olivia Harrison, p. 335.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Performance history==<br /> [[File:Plucked string instruments (5) Indian string instruments, Sarod, Sitar, Iktara - Soinuenea.jpg|thumb|left|135px|Examples of three of the string instruments used in the Music Festival from India – [[sarod]], [[sitar]] and [[ektara]]]]<br /> The programme for the concert performances was divided into two distinct parts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Collaborations p 25&quot; /&gt; Shankar explained at the time:&lt;blockquote&gt;The first part is in the form of a panorama, depicting major stages in the evolution of classical and traditional Indian music, starting with the [[Vedas|Vedic hymns]] and the music of the medieval period, and ending with the present day, touching briefly on all the intermediate forms such as [[alap]], [[dhrupad]], [[dhamar (music)|dhamar]], [[khyal]], [[tappa]], [[tarana]] and [[chaturanga]] ... The second part begins with the semi-classical forms such as the devotional [[bhajan]] and the romantic and erotic [[thumri]], [[ghazal]], [[dadra]], etc. and ends with the very lively and earthy folk style.&lt;ref name=&quot;Collaborations p 25&quot;&gt;''Collaborations'', p. 25.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;<br /> <br /> True to the festival's title, the folk traditions of all the various regions of India were represented,&lt;ref name=&quot;Collaborations p 25&quot; /&gt; in what was the first appearance by an Indian orchestra in Europe.&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;Leng, p. 148.&lt;/ref&gt; Similarly all-encompassing and educational were [[Naseem Khan (activist)|Naseem Khan]]'s [[liner notes]] for the ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'' studio album, serving as an introductory guide to the wide variety of [[Indian musical instruments]] on display. The album would be issued long after the European tour, however, due to the release of ''Shankar Family &amp; Friends'' in September 1974.&lt;ref name=autogenerated2 /&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Royal Albert Hall]] performance on 23 September was the Music Festival's opening night,&lt;ref name=&quot;Staunton/RecCollect&quot;&gt;Terry Staunton, [http://recordcollectormag.com/reviews/collaborations &quot;Ravi Shankar &amp; George Harrison – Collaborations&quot;], ''[[Record Collector]]'', December 2010, p. 82 (retrieved 16 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; after which the tour moved on to Paris, Brussels, Frankfurt, Munich and Copenhagen.&lt;ref&gt;Badman, p. 133.&lt;/ref&gt; Harrison took to the stage in London and admitted to &quot;feeling very nervous ... we're behind schedule&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;Concert Film, &quot;Introduction by George Harrison&quot;, ''Music Festival from India – Live at the Royal Albert Hall'' DVD ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; directed by Stuart Cooper).&lt;/ref&gt; before introducing Shankar to the audience.&lt;ref name=&quot;PopMatters&quot; /&gt; The Royal Albert Hall concert was filmed by [[Stuart Cooper]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Pieper p 171&quot;&gt;Pieper, p. 171.&lt;/ref&gt; who had recently directed Harrison's [[Apple Films]] production ''[[Little Malcolm]]''.&lt;ref&gt;Michael Simmons, &quot;Cry for a Shadow&quot;, ''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'', November 2011, pp. 84, 85.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The brief European tour ended in October. The orchestra was then pared down to a sixteen-piece – omitting [[shehnai]] veteran [[Anant Lal]] and Kamala Chakravarty – for [[George Harrison and Ravi Shankar's 1974 North American tour|Shankar and Harrison's high-profile tour of the United States and Canada]], which began at [[Vancouver]]'s [[Pacific Coliseum]] on 2 November.&lt;ref&gt;Madinger &amp; Easter, pp. 445, 447.&lt;/ref&gt; Four days later, the tour played in San Francisco,&lt;ref&gt;Badman, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; where some of the Indian musicians were also invited to perform at the Stone House, a historic building in Fairfax in [[Marin County, California|Marin County]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SKhanSarangi&quot;&gt;Liner notes, ''Sarangi: The Music of India'' CD ([[Rykodisc]], 1988; produced by Mickey Hart &amp; Zakir Hussain).&lt;/ref&gt; Individual performances from this informal concert, by Sultan Khan and Hariprasad Chaurasia, were released on the albums ''Sarangi: The Music of India'' (1988)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.folkways.si.edu/ustad-sultan-khan/sarangi-the-music-of-india/world/album/smithsonian &quot;Sarangi: The Music of India&quot;], [[Smithsonian Folkways]] (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Trager, p. 328.&lt;/ref&gt; and ''Venu'' (1989).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.folkways.si.edu/hariprasad-zakir-hussain/venu/world/music/album/smithsonian &quot;Venu&quot;], [[Smithsonian Folkways]] (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=nb|Co-produced by musician and ethnomusicologist [[Mickey Hart]], the two albums were reissued in 2011 as part of his 25-disc [[Smithsonian Folkways]] collection.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.folkways.si.edu/the-mickey-hart-collection/smithsonian &quot;The Mickey Hart Collection&quot;], [[Smithsonian Folkways]] (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Shankar's ensemble faced some hostile audiences in North America,&lt;ref&gt;Olivia Harrison, pp. 298–99.&lt;/ref&gt; who were more interested in hearing Harrison's music&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, p. 227.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rodriguez, p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt; during what was, in 1974, the first tour there by a former Beatle since the band's 1966 visit.&lt;ref&gt;Madinger &amp; Easter, p. 419.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The Editors of ''Rolling Stone'', pp. 34, 44, 126, 128.&lt;/ref&gt; Author Peter Lavezzoli views this outcome as &quot;unfortunate&quot;, since Shankar &quot;had assembled an outstanding group of musicians&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lavezzoli p 196&quot;&gt;Lavezzoli, p. 196.&lt;/ref&gt; Harrison biographer Simon Leng describes the orchestra as &quot;the greatest collection of Indian musicians ever to tour America&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Leng, p. 168.&lt;/ref&gt; Although the focus of Shankar's set on this tour was to promote ''Shankar Family &amp; Friends'',&lt;ref&gt;Rodriguez, pp. 198, 237.&lt;/ref&gt; selections from the Music Festival programme such as &quot;Naderdani&quot; were adapted for American and Canadian audiences.&lt;ref&gt;Madinger &amp; Easter, p. 447.&lt;/ref&gt; Commenting on the lack of appreciation for the orchestra at some of the concerts, drummer [[Jim Keltner]] later said: &quot;Those people saw something very special.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Lavezzoli, p. 205.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Album release==<br /> Dark Horse Records issued the album ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'' in February 1976 (March in the UK),&lt;ref&gt;The Editors of ''Rolling Stone'', p. 193.&lt;/ref&gt; a year and a half after the recording sessions. The cover features a group photo of all the participants taken by Arrowsmith under a large cedar tree in the grounds of Friar Park. The back cover included a reproduction of the Music Festival tour poster designed by [[Jan Steward]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LP sleeve credits&quot; /&gt; who had created the cover for the 1968 ''Festival from India'' double album, among other works by Shankar.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, pp. 204, 231.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dark Horse produced a promotional film for the album. The film included footage of Harrison with a voiceover by Shankar discussing his role, and a spinning LP sleeve accompanied by portions of music from the album.&lt;ref&gt;Pieper, p. 172.&lt;/ref&gt; The release coincided with a concert by Shankar at the [[Cathedral of St John the Divine]] in New York – a dawn-to-dusk recital celebrating twenty years of performances in the West by the artist.&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Also in March 1976, the Californian television station [[KCET]] broadcast a 30-minute programme titled ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival with George Harrison &amp; Don Ellis''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pieper p 171&quot; /&gt; Produced by [[Taylor Hackford]] and filmed in Los Angeles in 1975, the show was hosted by [[Don Ellis]],&lt;ref&gt;Pieper, pp. 171–72.&lt;/ref&gt; a pioneer in [[Indo jazz]]&lt;ref&gt;''World Music: The Rough Guide'', pp. 111, 114.&lt;/ref&gt; who had studied Indian music under Harihar Rao at UCLA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lavezzoli, pp. 294–95&quot;/&gt;{{refn|group=nb|A trumpeter and composer, Ellis formed the Hindustani Jazz Sextet with Rao in 1964. The sextet also included percussionist [[Emil Richards]], who played in Harrison's 1974 tour band and with Shankar's orchestra when the two ensembles performed together.&lt;ref&gt;Lavezzoli, pp. 301–02.&lt;/ref&gt;}} During the programme, Harrison discussed the Music Festival project and introduced film clips from the orchestra's Royal Albert Hall performance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pieper p 171&quot; /&gt; Having already watched the film from the London concert in its entirety, Ellis described it as &quot;one of the most extraordinary musical experiences that I've ever heard&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3DVwuvhhf0 &quot;George Harrison interview by Don Ellis for KCET, Los Angeles – September, 1974&quot;], [[YouTube]], 18 February 2016 (retrieved 27 June 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Writing about the 1974-recorded album in his book ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Lavezzoli recognises the ten-minute &quot;Raga Jait&quot; as being among the highlights of the set.&lt;ref name=autogenerated1 /&gt; Speaking to ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine in 1979, Harrison named the album and ''Shankar Family &amp; Friends'' among his favourites of all the releases on Dark Horse.&lt;ref&gt;Mick Brown, &quot;An Interview with George Harrison&quot;, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', 19 April 1979; available at [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/article.html?ArticleID=2533 Rock's Backpages] (subscription required).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reissue and legacy==<br /> With the album long out of print, selections from ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'' appeared on the Harrison-compiled box set ''[[Ravi Shankar: In Celebration]]'' (1996),&lt;ref name=&quot;BB Dec95&quot;&gt;Heidi Waleson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nQ0EAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=disciple &quot;Angel set celebrates Ravi Shankar: Sitarist called 'Godfather of World Music'&quot;], ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 23 December 1995, pp. 17, 63 (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; issued by Dark Horse and [[Angel Records]].&lt;ref&gt;Badman, p. 551.&lt;/ref&gt; The box set also featured the previously unreleased &quot;Ta Na Tom&quot;, another piece recorded with the Music Festival personnel at Friar Park.&lt;ref&gt;Booklet accompanying ''[[Ravi Shankar: In Celebration]]'' box set (Angel/Dark Horse, 1995; produced by George Harrison &amp; Alan Kozlowski; package design by Rick Ward/The Team Design Consultants), p. 50.&lt;/ref&gt; Alan Kozlowski, who helped compile the box set,&lt;ref&gt;Shankar, p. 305.&lt;/ref&gt; viewed the inclusion of tracks from ''Music Festival from India'' among the &quot;prizes&quot; offered by the compilation.&lt;ref name=&quot;BB Dec95&quot; /&gt; In his review of ''In Celebration'', Bruce Eder of [[AllMusic]] reserved especial praise for the fourth disc, which contains several of Shankar's collaborations with Harrison, writing: &quot;From the opening 'Vandana', it draws us into a realm of music that is so sublimely beautiful that it makes everything that has come before it, in all its bejeweled splendor, seem almost plain and pale by comparison.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eder/AM&quot;&gt;Bruce Eder, [http://www.allmusic.com/album/shankar-in-celebration-mw0000179804 &quot;Ravi Shankar ''Ravi Shankar: In Celebration''&quot;], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2010, ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'' was reissued on CD as part of the Shankar–Harrison box set ''[[Collaborations (Ravi Shankar and George Harrison album)|Collaborations]]'', coinciding with celebrations for Shankar's 90th birthday.&lt;ref name=&quot;AmSong&quot;&gt;Evan Schlansky, [http://www.americansongwriter.com/2010/08/george-harrison-and-ravi-shankars-relationship-explored-on-collaborations/ &quot;George Harrison and Ravi Shankar's Relationship Explored on ''Collaborations''&quot;], ''[[American Songwriter]]'', 12 August 2010 (retrieved 15 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Michaels/Guardian&quot;&gt;Sean Michaels, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/aug/18/george-harrison-ravi-shankar?INTCMP=SRCH &quot;George Harrison and Ravi Shankar collaborations to be reissued&quot;], [[guardian.co.uk]], 18 August 2010 (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; Writing for AllMusic, [[Richie Unterberger]] considers ''Collaborations'' to be a &quot;bountiful gathering of some of Shankar's more accessible recordings&quot; that has &quot;value not just for Beatles completists [through Harrison's involvement], but also for more general appreciators of traditional Indian music&quot;. Unterberger describes the Music Festival from India studio album as offering &quot;a more diverse group of arrangements than is heard on many Indian recordings&quot; and &quot;[a] mood [that] is largely one of devout humility interspersed with some low-key, joyful boisterousness&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unterberger/AM&quot;&gt;Richie Unterberger, [http://www.allmusic.com/album/collaborations-mw0002041725 &quot;George Harrison/Ravi Shankar ''Collaborations''&quot;], [[AllMusic]] (retrieved 18 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[PopMatters]]'' contributing editor Sachyn Mital considers the album to be &quot;lively and instrument focused&quot;, and writes of its music content: &quot;'Bhajan' is a joyful chant to Krishna, Gopal and Govind, while 'Naderdani' has ... sitar evoking playfulness with masterful precision. 'Dehati' is a percussion showcase as the tabla players create two minutes of call and response near the end.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;PopMatters&quot;&gt;Sachyn Mital, [http://www.popmatters.com/review/131856-ravi-shankar-and-george-harrison-collaborations/ &quot;Ravi Shankar and George Harrison: Collaborations&quot;], ''[[PopMatters]]'', 19 October 2010 (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; While noting the &quot;great integrity&quot; behind the 2010 box set, Joe Marchese of ''The Second Disc'' writes of ''Ravi Shankar's Music Festival from India'': &quot;The album's sounds are exotic, but immediately transporting. Much of the music is joyful, such as 'Naderdani,' described as 'a contemporary composition for voice and instruments.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marchese/Second Disc&quot;&gt;Joe Marchese, [http://theseconddisc.com/2010/11/08/review-ravi-shankar-and-george-harrison-collaborations/ &quot;Review: Ravi Shankar and George Harrison, 'Collaborations'&quot;], ''The Second Disc'', 8 November 2010 (retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; Writing in ''[[Goldmine (magazine)|Goldmine]]'' magazine, Gillian Gaar finds the album &quot;mesmerizing&quot;, with &quot;the female vocals having an uncanny ability to imitate the sitar (or vice versa)&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gaar/Goldmine&quot;&gt;Gillian G. Gaar, [http://www.goldminemag.com/reviews/shankarharrison-set-succeeded-on-crossover-appeal &quot;Shankar/Harrison set succeeded on crossover appeal&quot;], ''[[Goldmine (magazine)|Goldmine]]'', 31 January 2011 (retrieved 4 August 2015).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''Nari'', a 2015 multimedia project by singer and violinist [[Gingger Shankar]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://songsofnari.com/about/ &quot;About&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819021053/http://songsofnari.com/about/ |date=19 August 2016 }}, songsofnari.com (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt; (the daughter of Viji and L. Subramanium, and granddaughter of Lakshmi),&lt;ref&gt;Deepali Dhingra, [http://www.mid-day.com/articles/my-mother-helped-bring-indian-music-to-the-west-gingger-shankar/16007198 &quot;My mother helped bring Indian music to the West: Gingger Shankar&quot;], ''[[Mid-Day]]'', 22 February 2015 (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt; was partly inspired by the 1974 Music Festival and the North American tour with Harrison.&lt;ref name=&quot;Booth/WITW&quot; /&gt; She said she created the project out of the belief that Lakshmi and Viji deserved more recognition for their respective roles in helping to popularise Indian music in the West.&lt;ref name=&quot;Booth/WITW&quot;&gt;Katie Booth, [http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2016/05/20/youve-heard-of-george-harrison-and-ravi-shankar-now-hear-the-little-known-story-of-lakshmi-shankar-and-her-daughter-viji/ &quot;You've heard of George Harrison and Ravi Shankar. Now hear the little known story of Lakshmi Shankar and her daughter, Viji&quot;], [[Women in the World]]/[[nytimes.com]], 20 May 2016 (retrieved 6 August 2016).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==''Music Festival from India – Live at the Royal Albert Hall'' DVD==<br /> [[File:Royal Albert Hall.001 - London.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The [[Royal Albert Hall]] (pictured in 2008), the venue for the Music Festival's debut performance]]<br /> ''Collaborations'' marked the first release for Stuart Cooper's concert film of the Music Festival from India,&lt;ref name=&quot;Pieper p 171&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Back cover Collab&quot; /&gt; issued on DVD as disc four of the box set.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unterberger/AM&quot; /&gt; The film was shot at the Royal Albert Hall on Monday, 23 September 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;Back cover Collab&quot;&gt;Back cover, ''[[Collaborations (Ravi Shankar and George Harrison album)|Collaborations]]'' box set ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison).&lt;/ref&gt; Text at the start of the DVD's &quot;concert film&quot; section explains that much restoration was needed on both footage and audio,&lt;ref name=&quot;Live at RAH/intro&quot;&gt;Concert Film, introductory text, ''Music Festival from India – Live at the Royal Albert Hall'' DVD ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; directed by Stuart Cooper).&lt;/ref&gt; the latter being overseen by producer [[Paul Hicks (musician)|Paul Hicks]] and by Shankar's daughter [[Anoushka Shankar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Collaborations/GH.com&quot;&gt;[http://www.georgeharrison.com/albums/collaborations-box-set/ &quot;Collaborations Box Set&quot; &gt; Album credits], georgeharrison.com (retrieved 18 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; With some of Cooper's 35-year-old footage having been destroyed or mislaid,&lt;ref name=&quot;Live at RAH/intro&quot; /&gt; the remainder of the concert's sound is included in a separate, &quot;concert audio&quot; section.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olivia/Spinner&quot;&gt;Olivia Harrison, {{Cite web|url=http://www.spinner.com/2010/10/18/george-harrison-ravi-shankar-collaborations/|title=&quot;George Harrison and Ravi Shankar Box Set 'Collaborations' Is a Labor of Love for Me&quot;|access-date=19 August 2014|archive-date=2 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102132411/http://www.spinner.com/2010/10/18/george-harrison-ravi-shankar-collaborations/|url-status=bot: unknown}}, ''[[Spinner (website)|Spinner]]'', 18 October 2010 (archived version retrieved 19 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; In her review for ''Goldmine'', Gaar writes that, together with the Music Festival's studio album, the concert DVD features both &quot;the most traditional Indian music&quot; and &quot;the most powerful performances&quot; on ''Collaborations''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gaar/Goldmine&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Film synopsis===<br /> The film opens with an image of a large red [[Om]] symbol on a yellow sheet, which provides a backdrop to the Albert Hall stage. George Harrison then walks on and gives a brief, warm introduction to Ravi Shankar, after which the Music Festival from India performance begins.<br /> <br /> The stage is set with two large risers; the first in the shape of a square, the second, slightly more raised than the first one, is curved around behind it like a half-moon. On the square riser, from left to right, sit singers Viji Shankar, Lakshmi Shankar and Kamala Chakravarty, with percussionist Harihar Rao and [[bansuri]] player Hariprasad Chaurasia just behind them. Spread out along the crescent-shaped platform (from left to right) are three bowed string players, L. Subramaniam, [[Satyadev Pawar]] and Sultan Khan; Anant Lal, on shehnai; then the four drummers, T.V. Gopalkrishnan, Alla Rakha, [[Rijram Desad]] and [[Kamalesh Maitra]], the last two partly surrounded by their ''tarangs'' (circles) of hand drums. Completing the ring of musicians along this curved riser is sitarist [[Kartick Kumar]]; Gopal Krishan, behind a raised vichitra veena; and finally Shivkumar Sharma, behind the large, harpsichord-like santoor. Shankar conducts the orchestra from just in front of the first riser, his back to the audience.<br /> <br /> Midway through the film, the stage is cleared of all musicians except for four members of the orchestra and Shankar, who now plays sitar on the ensuing raga. After the customary slow [[alap]] section, Shankar's sitar trades musical phrases with Rakha's tabla, supported by Kumar and Rao, both on sitar, and Viji Shankar, playing the tambura. The whole ensemble then returns for further vocal and orchestral pieces, conducted by Shankar as before.<br /> <br /> ===Bonus feature===<br /> The DVD's bonus feature, directed by David Kew,&lt;ref name=&quot;Live at RAH bonus&quot;&gt;Bonus Feature, credits, ''Music Festival from India – Live at the Royal Albert Hall'' DVD ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; directed by Stuart Cooper).&lt;/ref&gt; shows Hicks and Anoushka Shankar at work on the mix for pieces released in this concert film section.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forte/VintGuitar&quot; /&gt; They are joined there at StudioWest,&lt;ref name=&quot;Live at RAH bonus&quot; /&gt; in [[San Diego]], by Shankar himself and Harrison's widow, [[Olivia Harrison|Olivia]], allowing the 90-year-old Shankar to offer his input.&lt;ref name=&quot;Forte/VintGuitar&quot;&gt;Dan Forte, [http://www.vintageguitar.com/8431/ravi-shanker-and-george-harrison/ &quot;Ravi Shankar and George Harrison ''Collaborations''&quot;], ''[[Vintage Guitar (magazine)|Vintage Guitar]]'', February 2011 (retrieved 16 August 2014).&lt;/ref&gt; At one point Anoushka covers her father's eyes playfully – in response, it seems, to his reaction at seeing himself on screen, performing some four decades before.&lt;ref name=&quot;PopMatters&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Track listing==<br /> ===Studio album===<br /> All songs by Ravi Shankar.<br /> <br /> '''Side one'''<br /> # &quot;Vandana&quot; – 2:44<br /> # &quot;Dhamar&quot; – 5:23<br /> # &quot;Tarana / Chaturang&quot; – 5:33<br /> # &quot;Raga Jait&quot; – 9:48<br /> '''Side two'''<br /> #&lt;li value=5&gt; &quot;Kajri&quot; – 4:51<br /> # &quot;Bhajan&quot; – 3:56<br /> # &quot;Naderdani&quot; – 4:43<br /> # &quot;Dehati&quot; – 10:09<br /> <br /> ===DVD &quot;Concert film&quot;===<br /> <br /> # &quot;Introduction by George Harrison&quot;<br /> # &quot;Hymns From the Vedas&quot;<br /> # &quot;Tappa (Raga Khamaj)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Tarana (Raga Kirwani)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Raga Jait&quot;<br /> # &quot;Vilambit Gat, Drut Gat and Jhala (Raga Yaman Kalyan)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Naderdani&quot;<br /> # &quot;Krishna Krishna Bhajan (based on Raga Pancham-se-gara)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Dehati&quot;<br /> <br /> ===DVD &quot;Concert audio&quot;===<br /> <br /> # &quot;Musicians Introduction&quot;<br /> # &quot;Vandana&quot;<br /> # &quot;Alap / Noom / Toom Jor (Raga Abhogi)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Dhamar (Raga Vasanta in Tala Dhamar)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Khyal (Raga Kedara in Tala Teental)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Tarana (Raga Kirwani in Tala Ektal)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Chaturang (Raga Yaman Kalyan in Tala Teental)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Kajri&quot;<br /> # &quot;Pallavi (Thani Avarthanam / Raga Bilahari in Tala Aditala)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Thumri (Mishra Piloo in Tala Jat)&quot;<br /> # &quot;Raga Mala (Garland of Ragas, based on Raga Khamaj in Tala Teental)&quot;<br /> <br /> ==Personnel==<br /> * [[Ravi Shankar]] – direction, arrangements; [[sitar]] (DVD only)<br /> * [[Lakshmi Shankar]] – vocals, [[swarmandal]]<br /> * [[Alla Rakha]] – [[tabla]]<br /> * [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan|T.V. Gopalkrishnan]] – vocals, [[mridangam]], [[kanjira|khanjira]]<br /> * [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]] – [[bansuri]]<br /> * [[Kartick Kumar]] – sitar<br /> * [[Sultan Khan (musician)|Sultan Khan]] – [[sarangi]]<br /> * [[Shivkumar Sharma]] – [[santoor]], kanoon, backing vocals<br /> * [[Gopal Krishan]] – [[vichitra veena]], backing vocals<br /> * [[L. Subramaniam]] – South Indian violin<br /> * [[Satyadev Pawar]] – North Indian violin<br /> * [[Rijram Desad]] – [[Pakhavaj|pakavaj]], [[madal|madal-tarang]], [[dholak#Variants|dholki]], [[naqareh|nagada]], [[udukai|huduk]], [[Indian musical instruments#Hand frame drums|duff]]<br /> * [[Kamalesh Maitra]] – [[tabla tarang|tabla-tarang]], [[duggi (drum)|duggi-tarang]], [[sarod]], [[madal]], [[ektara]]<br /> * [[Anant Lal]] – [[shehnai]]<br /> * [[Harihar Rao]] – [[Khartal|kartal]], [[manjira]], [[dholak]], [[Gubguba|gubgubbi]], backing vocals; sitar (DVD only)<br /> * [[Kamala Chakravarty]] – [[Tanpura (instrument)|tambura]], backing vocals<br /> * [[Viji Shankar]] – tambura, backing vocals<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India|Music}} <br /> *''[[Raga (film)|Raga]]''<br /> *''[[In Concert 1972]]''<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|30em|group=nb}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|20em}}<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * Keith Badman, ''The Beatles Diary Volume 2: After the Break-Up 1970–2001'', Omnibus Press (London, 2001; {{ISBN|0-7119-8307-0}}).<br /> * ''Collaborations'', book accompanying ''Collaborations'' box set ([[Dark Horse Records]], 2010; produced by Olivia Harrison; package design by Drew Lorimer &amp; Olivia Harrison).<br /> * The Editors of ''Rolling Stone'', ''Harrison'', Rolling Stone Press/Simon &amp; Schuster (New York, NY, 2002; {{ISBN|0-7432-3581-9}}).<br /> * George Harrison, ''I Me Mine'', Chronicle Books (San Francisco, CA, 2002; {{ISBN|0-8118-3793-9}}).<br /> * Olivia Harrison, ''George Harrison: Living in the Material World'', Abrams (New York, NY, 2011; {{ISBN|978-1-4197-0220-4}}).<br /> * Peter Lavezzoli, ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}).<br /> * Simon Leng, ''While My Guitar Gently Weeps: The Music of George Harrison'', Hal Leonard (Milwaukee, WI, 2006; {{ISBN|1-4234-0609-5}}).<br /> * Chip Madinger &amp; Mark Easter, ''Eight Arms to Hold You: The Solo Beatles Compendium'', 44.1 Productions (Chesterfield, MO, 2000; {{ISBN|0-615-11724-4}}).<br /> * Jörg Pieper, ''The Solo Beatles Film &amp; TV Chronicle 1971–1980'', Premium Förlag (Stockholm, 2012; {{ISBN|978-1-4092-8301-0}}).<br /> * Robert Rodriguez, ''Fab Four FAQ 2.0: The Beatles' Solo Years, 1970–1980'', Backbeat Books (Milwaukee, WI, 2010; {{ISBN|978-1-4165-9093-4}}).<br /> * Ravi Shankar, ''Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar'', Welcome Rain (New York, NY, 1999; {{ISBN|1-56649-104-5}}).<br /> * Oliver Trager, ''The American Book of the Dead: The Definitive Grateful Dead Encyclopedia'', Fireside (New York, NY, 1997; {{ISBN|978-0-684-81402-5}}).<br /> * ''World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific)'', Rough Guides/Penguin (London, 2000; {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}).<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> {{Ravi Shankar}}<br /> {{George Harrison}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> &lt;!--- Categories ---&gt;<br /> [[Category:1974 concert tours]]<br /> [[Category:1976 albums]]<br /> [[Category:Ravi Shankar albums]]<br /> [[Category:Dark Horse Records albums]]<br /> [[Category:Albums produced by George Harrison]]<br /> [[Category:Albums recorded at FPSHOT]]<br /> [[Category:Indian classical music]]<br /> [[Category:Indian mythology in music]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kukatpally&diff=456287 2026-01-07T19:00:16Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Kukatpally<br /> | official_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | settlement_type = [[Suburb]]<br /> | image_skyline = Malysian township at Kukatpally.jpg<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = Raintree Park (Malaysian Township)<br /> | nickname = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Telangana#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17|29|N|78|25|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Telangana|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = City<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Medchal-Malkajgiri]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = [[Hyderabad, Telangana|Hyderabad]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Mayor-Council]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | governing_body = [[GHMC]]<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 20.68<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 252830<br /> | population_as_of = 2020<br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = 12225<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 500 072,500 085<br /> | registration_plate = '''TG-07'''<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Malkajgiri]]<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kukatpally (Assembly constituency)|Kukatpally]]<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority|HMDA]]<br /> | blank4_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br /> | blank4_info_sec1 = [[GHMC]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Kukatpally''' is a [[suburb]] in northwestern [[Hyderabad]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. It is the headquarters of Balanagar Prashu Singh [[mandal]] in the Malkajgiri revenue division of the [[Medchal–Malkajgiri district]].&lt;ref name=&quot;district&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Medchal−Malkajgiri district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130732346249.Medchal.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|publisher=Government of Telangana|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130125523/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130732346249.Medchal.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kukatpally was a municipality before its merger into the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]] (GHMC). It is now the headquarters of the north zone of the GHMC.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghmc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp|website=www.ghmc.gov.in|access-date=2 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101224338/http://www.ghmc.gov.in/greaterhyd.asp|archive-date=1 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is connected by road to the nearby [[information technology]] hub of [[HITEC City]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/kukatpally-sits-high-on-the-rental-graph/article4599160.ece|title=Kukatpally sits high on the rental graph|author=Nemmani Sreedhar|work=The Hindu|date=9 April 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Kukatpally used to be an industrial corridor in the northwestern part of Hyderabad. Its population began to grow after the early 1990s, and many people migrating from [[Andhra Pradesh]] settled in and around Kukatpally.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Kukatpally pincode for Area |url=https://fastestpincode.com/telangana/medchal-malkajgiri/jntu-kukatpally-kphb-pincode-500085 |website=fastestpincode.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[BP:NOTRS]]).|date=November 2025}} Formerly a municipality, Kukutpally has merged into the [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ghmc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> The predominant language spoken in Kukatpally is [[Telugu language|Telugu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://webconte.com/pin_code/place/kukatpally/2900|title=Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana Government}}&lt;/ref&gt; The suburb has the greatest population density within Hyderabad with 33,076 persons per km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2018-06-18/Kukatpally-population-density-to-double-by-2041/390068 |title=Kukatpally population density to double by 2041 |publisher=THE HANS INDIA |date=18 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> Many small-scale industries are based in the Kukatpally–Sanathnagar belt. The presence of the Mumbai National Highway and Kukatpally Housing Board has led to a large-scale boom in retail activity, and Kukatpally has become a commercial hub in northwestern Hyderabad for restaurants, clothing retailers, and [[Small and medium enterprises|SME]] offices.<br /> <br /> The land prices of Kukatpally are high compared to most of Hyderabad. There are some residential high-rise apartments. Land costs [[Indian rupee|₹]]50,000–250,000 per square yard. A [[Apartment|residential flat]] costs ₹4500–8000 per square foot. Lodha Bellezza, the very first [[skyscraper]] of Hyderabad taller than 150 metres, was constructed in Kukatpally in 2014, and it remained the [[List of tallest buildings in Hyderabad|tallest building in Hyderabad]] until 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lodha Bellezza 3 - The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lodha-bellezza-3/14687 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transportation==<br /> [[File:Prashantnagar - Kukatpally bus terminal.jpg|thumb|250px|Bus terminal in Kukatpally]]<br /> Kukatpally is well-connected by road, rail, and air. The nearest airport is [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport]] in Shamshabad. The nearest railway station is in [[Lingampally, Hyderabad|Lingampally]]. It has three [[metro station]]s{{snd}}Kukatpally, KPHB and Balanagar ([[Moosapet]]){{snd}}and can also be reached by [[Hyderabad Multi-Modal Transport System|MMTS]] stations [[Hitech City railway station|in HITEC City]] and [[Bharat Nagar railway station|in Bharat Nagar]]. [[TSRTC]] operates buses in Kukatpally and has excellent connectivity with almost all parts of Hyderabad. TSRTC maintains a depot at the Kukatpally Y Junction.<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> The suburb has several colleges and institutes, including Holy Mary College, [[Tapasya College of Commerce and Management]], Hamstech College of Creative Education, Avinash College, and the [[All India Institute of Technology]].<br /> <br /> ==Notable people==<br /> &lt;!--- Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Bharatpedia ---&gt; <br /> &lt;!--- Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ---&gt; <br /> {{expand section|date=August 2024}}<br /> * [[Vengalrao Gottimukula]] (born 1960), politician&lt;ref name=&quot;janaspandana&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kukatpally Corporator |url=http://janaspandana.com/listing/fv_govt/contactus.php?dp=1&amp;id=61577 |publisher=WR Srinivara Rao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222958/http://janaspandana.com/listing/fv_govt/contactus.php?dp=1&amp;id=61577 |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category|Kukatpally}}<br /> {{Neighborhoods of Hyderabad|state=collapsed}}<br /> [[Category:Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India]]<br /> [[Category:Medchal–Malkajgiri district]]<br /> [[Category:Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]<br /> [[Category:Real estate in India]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Brahmi&diff=478335 2026-01-05T03:56:27Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Tamil-Brahmi]]<br /> {{R from spacing}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaisalmer_Formation&diff=505310 2025-12-21T19:47:55Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new a info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Geologic formation in India}}<br /> {{Infobox Rockunit<br /> |name=Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |country=[[India]]<br /> |thickness=Variable, typically {{convert|120|-|170|km|abbr=on}}<br /> |image = File:Jaisalmer_Formation_Tharosaurus_type_locality.png<br /> |imagesize = 250px<br /> |caption = An outcrop of the Jaisalmer Formation which is the type locality for ''[[Tharosaurus indicus]]''. Photographed between 2019-21.<br /> |overlies=[[Lathi Formation]]<br /> |underlies=[[Baisakhi Formation]]<br /> |subunits=Badabag Member, Fort Member, Hamira Member, Jajiya Member, Joyan Member, Kuldhar Member<br /> |unitof=<br /> |paleocoordinates=<br /> |region=<br /> |namedby=[[Richard Dixon Oldham]]<br /> |namedfor=[[Jaisalmer]], India<br /> |otherlithology=[[Limestone]]<br /> |prilithology=[[Siltstone]], [[sandstone]]<br /> |period=Middle Jurassic<br /> |age=[[Middle Jurassic|Middle]]-[[Late Jurassic]], {{fossilrange|Bajocian|Oxfordian}}<br /> |type=[[Geological formation]]<br /> |extent=Jaisalmer<br /> |year_ts=1886&lt;ref name=Oldham86&gt;Oldham, R.D., (1886). Preliminary note on the geology of northern <br /> Jaisalmer. ''Record Geological Survey of India'', 19,157-160.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |coordinates={{coord|26.911661|N|70.922928|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Jaisalmer Formation''' is a [[Middle Jurassic|Middle]] to [[Late Jurassic]]-aged [[Geological formation|geologic formation]] located in [[India]] near the city of [[Jaisalmer]] that consists mainly of marine deposits.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaisalmur&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ahmad |first1=Faiz |last2=Quasim |first2=Mohammad Adnan |last3=Ahmad |first3=Abul Hasnat Masood |title=Review for &quot;Microfacies and diagenetic overprints in the limestones of Middle Jurassic Fort Member (Jaisalmer Formation), Western Rajasthan, India: Implications for the depositional environment, cyclicity, and reservoir quality |journal=Geological Journal |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=130–151 |date=January 2021 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3945/v1/review2 |doi=10.1002/gj.3945/v1/review2|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; The formation was first identified and defined by [[geologist]] [[Richard Dixon Oldham]] in 1886.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oldham86&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Dinosaur]] remains are among the known [[Fossil|fossils]] recovered from this formation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weishampel-2004&quot;&gt;Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). &quot;Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, Asia).&quot; In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): ''[[The Dinosauria]]'', 2nd, ''Berkeley: University of California Press''. Pp. 593–600. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ''[[Strophodus|Strophodus jaisalmerensis]]'', a [[hybodont]], was named after this formation and the [[Jaisalmer District]] where its [[holotype]] was found.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|year=2021|author=Krishna Kumara, Sunil Bajpaib, Pragya Pandeya, Triparna Ghosha, Debasish Bhattacharya|title=Hybodont sharks from the Jurassic of Jaisalmer, western India|journal=Historical Biology|volume=34|issue=6|page=953-963|doi=10.1080/08912963.2021.1954920}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Sub-units ==<br /> The Badabag, Fort, Joyan and Hamira members represent the [[Middle Jurassic]] [[Bajocian]] and [[Bathonian]] stages,&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaisalmur&quot; /&gt; while the Jajiya and Kuldhar members represent the Middle Jurassic Callovian and the [[Late Jurassic]] [[Oxfordian (stage)|Oxfordian]] stages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaisalmur&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Fort Member is the most extensively studied and consists of fine to medium grain sandstones and oolitic limestones.&lt;ref&gt;Narayanan, K., Subrahmanyan, M., Srinivasan, S., (1961). Geology of Jaisalmer. Unpublished report, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Dehradun, India.&lt;/ref&gt; The Badabag Member consists of [[Conglomerate (geology)|intraformational conglomerate]] and is fossil bearing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Paleoenvironment ==<br /> The Jaisalmer district of India is a landlocked district in the state of [[Rajasthan]]. However, during the Middle Jurassic, the Jaisalmer Formation was located on the [[Tethys Ocean|Tethyan]] coast of [[Gondwanan]] India. A marine paleoenvironment is supported by the presence of Hybodont sharks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The Kuldhar Member Limestone contained carbonate microfacies that also indicate a depositional environment composed mainly of [[Lagoon|lagoons]], [[Shoal|shoals]] and [[Ocean|open marine environments]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Asjad |first=Shaikh |last2=Khan |first2=K. F. |last3=Quasim |first3=M. A. |last4=Sachan |first4=H. K. |last5=Javed |first5=Aashna |date=2023-11-06 |title=Microfacies and stable isotope analysis of Kuldhar Member Limestone (Callovian–Oxfordian), Jaisalmer Basin, western Rajasthan: implications for depositional environment and diagenetic evolution |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-023-00905-6 |journal=Carbonates and Evaporites |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=81 |doi=10.1007/s13146-023-00905-6 |issn=1878-5212|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Paleofauna ==<br /> {{expand_section|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{paleobiota-key-compact}}<br /> ===Dinosaurs===<br /> <br /> ==== Sauropods ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Sauropoda|Sauropods]] of the Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |-<br /> ! Genus !! Species !! Locality!! Material !! Notes !! Photos<br /> |-<br /> |[[Turiasauria]] indet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Archana |last2=Singh |first2=Sanjay |last3=S. R. |first3=Satheesh |date=2022-06-10 |title=The first turiasaurian sauropod of India reported from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) sediments of Jaisalmer Basin, Rajasthan, India |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/304/101378/The_first_turiasaurian_sauropod_of_India_reported_from_the_Middle_Jurassic_Bathonian_sediments_of_Jaisalmer_Basin_Rajasthan_India |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |pages=187–203 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2022/1064|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> | Fragmentary tooth<br /> | A turiasaur<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Tharosaurus]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Tharosaurus&quot;&gt; {{Cite journal |last1=Bajpai |first1=S. |last2=Datta |first2=D. |last3=Pandey |first3=P. |last4=Ghosh |first4=T. |last5=Kumar |first5=K. |last6=Bhattacharya |first6=D. |year=2023 |title=Fossils of the oldest diplodocoid dinosaur suggest India was a major centre for neosauropod radiation |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=13 |issue=1 |at=12680 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-39759-2 |pmid=37542094 |pmc=10403599 |bibcode=2023NatSR..1312680B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | ''T. indicus''<br /> |Jethwai Village<br /> | Partial cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae and a dorsal rib<br /> | A potentially [[Nomen dubium|dubious]] [[eusauropod]] <br /> |<br /> [[File:Tharosaurus (cervical vertebrae).jpg|frameless]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Theropods ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Theropoda|Theropods]] of the Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |-<br /> ! Genus !! Species !! Locality!! Material !! Notes !! Photos<br /> |-<br /> | [[Spinosauridae]] indet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=A. |last2=Novas |first2=F. E. |last3=Singh |first3=S. |title=First Jurassic evidence of a possible spinosaurid pedal ungual from the Jaisalmer Basin, India |year=2023 |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=653–670 |doi=10.54103/2039-4942/20032 |url=https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/20032 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> | Pedal ungual phalanx<br /> | Possibly the oldest [[spinosaurid]]<br /> |[[File:Pedal ungual phalanx from the Bathonian of Jaisalmer Basin, India. Specimen RAJ JAIS CVQS002.png|frameless]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Averostra]] indet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Archana |last2=Hendrickx |first2=Christophe |last3=Singh |first3=Sanjay |title=First Theropod Record from the Marine Bathonian of Jaisalmer Basin, Tethyan Coast of Gondwanan India |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |date=2023-01-23 |url=https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/18306 |language=en |volume=129 |issue=1 |doi=10.54103/2039-4942/18306 |s2cid=256347914 |issn=2039-4942|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> | Isolated tooth<br /> |A possible [[allosauroid]], [[ceratosaur]], or non-[[spinosaurid]] [[megalosauroid]]<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Other reptiles ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Reptile|Reptiles]] of the Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |-<br /> ! Genus !! Species !! Locality !! Material !! Notes !! Photos<br /> |-<br /> | [[Crocodylomorpha]] indet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;<br /> | Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> | Scutes<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[Neodiapsida]] indet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;<br /> | Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> | Teeth<br /> | Either a [[Sauropterygia|sauropterygian]], [[Thalattosauria|thalattosaurian]], [[Choristodera|choristodere]] or an [[Ichthyosauromorpha|ichthyosauromorph]].<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Fish ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Fish|Fishes]] of the Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |-<br /> ! Genus !! Species !! Locality !! Material !! Notes !! Photos<br /> |- <br /> | [[Hybodontiformes]] indet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Ghosh |first1=T. |last2=Swami |first2=N. K. |last3=Kumar |first3=K. |last4=Maurya |first4=A. S. |last5=Bajpai |first5=S. |year=2024 |title=An assemblage of Middle Jurassic hybodonts from Jaisalmer Basin, western India |journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology |doi=10.1080/08912963.2024.2412131 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | Indeterminate<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan = &quot;4&quot;|''[[Strophodus]]''<br /> | ''S. jaisalmerensis''<br /> |Jethwai village<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Teeth<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | A [[Hybodontiformes|hybodont]] [[shark]].<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> |''S. indicus''&lt;ref name=Sharma2021&gt;{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sharma A, Singh S |year=2021 |title= A small assemblage of marine hybodont sharks from the Bathonian of the Jaisalmer Basin, India |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=301 |issue=3 |pages=317–333 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2021/1014 |s2cid=239669413}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> |-<br /> | ''S. magnus''&lt;ref name=Sharma2021/&gt;<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> |-<br /> |''S. medius''&lt;ref name=Sharma2021/&gt;<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Planohybodus]]''<br /> | ''P. aff. grossiconus'' &lt;ref name=Sharma2021/&gt;<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> |Teeth<br /> |A [[Hybodontiformes|hybodont]] shark.<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |[[Osteichthyes]] indet.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |Indeterminate<br /> |Chandoo Village quarry<br /> |Teeth and scale<br /> |Found along with an averostran tooth.<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Eomesodon]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kumar |first=Krishna |last2=Bajpai |first2=Sunil |last3=Ghosh |first3=Triparna |last4=Pandey |first4=Pragya |last5=Bhattacharya |first5=Debasish |date=2022-12-01 |title=Oldest East Gondwanan pycnodont fishes (Neopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Jaisalmer, western India |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-022-00619-5 |journal=PalZ |language=en |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=795–804 |doi=10.1007/s12542-022-00619-5 |issn=1867-6812|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Ghosh |first1=T. |last2=Kumar |first2=K. |last3=Swami |first3=N. K. |year=2025 |title=Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) pycnodont fishes from the Jaisalmer Basin, western India |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=316 |issue=2 |pages=121–130 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/1284 |bibcode=2025NJGPA.316..121G }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |''E. sp.''<br /> |Jethwai Village<br /> |Prearticular dental plate and isolated teeth<br /> |Oldest East Gondwanan [[Pycnodontiformes|Pycnodont]].<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Crustaceans ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Crustacean]]s of the Jaisalmer Formation<br /> |-<br /> ! Genus !! Species !! Locality!! Material !! Notes !! Photos<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Cytherella]]''&lt;ref name=PJ577&gt;{{cite journal|last=Kumari |first=M. |year=2023 |title=Middle Jurassic Ostracodes from Joyan Member, Jaisalmer Formation, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=57 |issue=7 |pages=775–783 |doi=10.1134/S0031030123070055 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |''C. indica''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Micropneumatocythere]]''&lt;ref name=PJ577 /&gt;<br /> |''M. joyanensis''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Progonocythere]]''&lt;ref name=PJ577 /&gt;<br /> |''P. khoslai''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Trichordis]]''&lt;ref name=PJ577 /&gt;<br /> |''T. minuta''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ichnofossils ===<br /> * ?''[[Bichordites]]'' sp. – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08&gt;Kulkarni, K.G., Borkar, V.D., Petare, T.J., (2008). Ichnofossils from the Fort Member (Middle Jurassic), Jaisalmer Formation, Rajasthan. ''Journal of the Geological Society of India'', 71, 731-738&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''[[Planolites]]'' sp. – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08 /&gt;<br /> * ''[[Rhizocorallium|Rhizocorallium irregulare]]'' – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08 /&gt;<br /> * ''[[Rhizocorallium|Rhizocorallium jenense]]'' – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08 /&gt;<br /> * ''[[Taenidium serpentinum]]'' – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08 /&gt;<br /> * ''[[Thalassinoides]]'' sp. – Ichnofossils&lt;ref name=Ichno08 /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Geologic groups of Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Geologic formations of India]]<br /> [[Category:Oxfordian Stage]]<br /> [[Category:Callovian Stage]]<br /> [[Category:Bathonian Stage]]<br /> [[Category:Bajocian Stage]]<br /> [[Category:Paleontology in India]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tara_Chand_(archaeologist)&diff=454023 2025-12-13T16:34:24Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian archeologist and politician}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br /> '''Tara Chand''' (17 June 1888 at [[Sialkot]] – 14 October 1973) was an Indian [[archaeologist]] and [[historian]] specialising in the ancient history and culture of India. He taught at [[Allahabad University]] and served as [[vice-chancellor]] in the 1940s.&lt;ref name=ExVC&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=162&amp;Itemid=381<br /> |title=Ex-Vice Chancellors<br /> |publisher=Allahabad University<br /> |access-date=24 February 2014<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Chand graduated with a D.Phil. from Queen's College, Oxford, in 1922 with a thesis on &quot;The influence of Islam on Indian culture&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Oxford Graduate Admissions |title=A celebration of the DPhil Centenary 1919 – 2019. Oxford |publisher=Oxford University |year=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chand later went on to serve as the ambassador of India to Iran,&lt;ref name=&quot;HistPSci&quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite web |title=History of the Department of Political Science |url=http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_k2&amp;view=item&amp;id=74:political-science&amp;Itemid=279&amp;tmpl=component&amp;print=1 |access-date=24 February 2014 |publisher=Allahabad University}}&lt;/ref&gt; and as Education Advisor within the Government of India.&lt;ref name=Crimson&gt;<br /> {{cite news<br /> |url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1952/4/28/ambassador-chand-will-talk-here-at/<br /> |title=Ambassador Chand Will Talk Here at Summer Conference<br /> |date=28 April 1952<br /> |author=N.a.<br /> |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]]<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He was appointed ambassador to [[Iran]] from 1951 to 1956 , where he was succeeded by [[Badruddin Tyabji (diplomat)|Badruddin Tyabji]].&lt;ref name=&quot;biography&quot;&gt;CHAND, DR. TARA: M.A., Ph.D.; Nominated; s. of Shri K. Kripa Narain; b. at Sialkot (W. Pakistan), 17 June 1888; ed. at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi]], Meerut College, Meerut, Muir Central College, Allahabad and Queen's College, Oxford, Oxford University; m. Shrimati Maha Devi, b. 1905; 1 s. and 1 d.; Professor of History, Kayastha Pathshala Allahabad University, 1947-48; Secretary and Educational Adviser to the Government of India, 1948 — 51; President, Secondary Education Conference; Secretary, Hindustani Academy, U.P.; President, Indian History Congress; Ambassador of India in Iran, 1951 — 56; Chairman, Chand served as head of the Political Science department of Allahabad University from 1945 to 1947, when he was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the university. Who's who, Volume 9, Rajya Sabha (Indian Parliament) 1966, p. 49, TARA CHAND; Historian (b. Sialkot, Pakistan, 17 June 1888; d. 14 Oct. 1973): Chairman, History of Freedom Movement Unit, GOI, and V.C. of [[Allahabad University]]. Son of Munshi Kripa Narain. Had one son and one daughter.&lt;/ref&gt; On 22 August 1957, he was elected as a member of the Rajya Sabha and held the position till, 2 April 1968. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2012 |title=1952-2012: Full list of nominated Rajya Sabha MPs |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/1952-2012-full-list-of-nominated-rajya-sabha-mps-469116.html |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=News18.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Chand was the son of [[Munshi]] Kripa Narain. He had one son and one daughter.&lt;ref name=&quot;biography&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Publications==<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |first=Tara|last=Chand<br /> |title=Influence of Islam on Indian Culture<br /> |publisher=Read Books<br /> |isbn=9781406730401<br /> |year=1922<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |first=Tara<br /> |last=Chand<br /> |title=Material and ideological factors in Indian history<br /> |publisher=University of Allahabad<br /> |url=http://www.getcited.org/pub/101754484<br /> |year=1966<br /> |archive-date=28 February 2014<br /> |access-date=24 February 2014<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228200851/http://www.getcited.org/pub/101754484<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |first=Tara|last=Chand<br /> |title=History of the Freedom Movement in India<br /> |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting<br /> |year=1967<br /> |url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&amp;q=bibliogroup:%22History+of+the+Freedom+Movement+in+India%22<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> |first=Tara|last=Chand<br /> |title=Society and State in the Mughal Period<br /> |publisher=Book Traders<br /> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4ukIgAACAAJ<br /> |year=1979<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> [[Allahabad University]] established the Dr. Tara Chand [[hostel]] in Chand's memory.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=149&amp;Itemid=412<br /> |title=List of hostels<br /> |publisher=University of Allahabad<br /> |access-date=24 February 2014<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; The University Alumni Association grants an annual scholarship in his name.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=149&amp;Itemid=412<br /> |title=Allahabad Alumni Association<br /> |access-date=24 February 2014<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Tarachand Gold Medal for History is awarded in his name.<br /> Tarachand Gold Medal was awarded to Chandrarekha Mantri for obtaining highest number of marks in history at the All India Higher Secondary Examination of Central Board of Secondary Education held in 1973.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chand, Tara}}<br /> [[Category:Indian academic administrators]]<br /> [[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Iran]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature &amp; education]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian archaeologists]]<br /> [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Allahabad]]<br /> [[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sher-e-Punjab:_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh&diff=534875 2025-12-11T02:23:45Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Starting New Biography</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian historical drama television series}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh.jpg<br /> | caption =<br /> | alt_name = Maharaja Ranjit Singh<br /> | genre = [[Historical fiction]]<br /> | creator = [[Abhimanyu Singh (producer)|Abhimanyu Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;Rupali Singh<br /> | writer = <br /> | director = Prasad govandi &lt;br /&gt;Arif Ali Ansari&lt;br /&gt;Gautam nagrath&lt;br /&gt;Arif shamsi<br /> | creative_director = Nitish Ranjan,Mona Ahuja<br /> | starring = <br /> | composer = [[Raju Singh]]<br /> | opentheme = &quot;Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh&quot; by [[Sonu Nigam]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 90<br /> | location = [[Amgaon]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Maharashtra]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rajasthan]]<br /> | cinematography = <br /> | producer = Abhimanyu Singh&lt;br /&gt; Rupali Singh<br /> | editor = K. Rajgopal<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 20-22 minutes<br /> | company = [[Contiloe Entertainment]]<br /> | network = [[Life OK]]<br /> | first_aired = {{start date|2017|3|20}}<br /> | last_aired = {{end date|2017|7|21}}<br /> | related = ''[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (TV series)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]'' <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh''''' (English: ''Lion of Punjab: King Ranjit Singh'') is an Indian [[historical drama]] based on the life of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] (1780&amp;nbsp;–1839),&lt;ref name=&quot;Jul 12, 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Maheshwri|first1=Neha|title=Not Eijaz Khan, but Arhaan Behll in Contiloe's Ranjit Singh|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Not-Eijaz-Khan-but-Arhaan-Behll-in-Contiloes-Ranjit-Singh/articleshow/53172190.cms|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=The Times of India|date=Jul 12, 2016|archive-date=11 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211175335/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Not-Eijaz-Khan-but-Arhaan-Behll-in-Contiloes-Ranjit-Singh/articleshow/53172190.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Schmidt|first1=Karl J.|title=An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317476818|page=66}}&lt;/ref&gt; the founder of the [[Sikh Empire]], which ruled the northwest [[Indian subcontinent]] in the early half of the 19th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=History of the World in 1000 objects|date=October 2014|publisher=Dorling Kindersley Limited|isbn=9780241187869|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofworldin00lond/page/294 294]|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofworldin00lond/page/294}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series stars Damanpreet Singh, [[Tunisha Sharma]], [[Shaleen Bhanot]], Rumi Khan, [[Sonia Singh]], [[Sneha Wagh]] and [[Chetan Pandit]].<br /> <br /> The series premiered on [[Life OK]] on 20 March 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/when-aggression-meets-compassion/article17548479.ece|title = When aggression meets compassion|newspaper = [[The Hindu]]|accessdate = 21 Mar 2017|archive-date = 16 September 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012849/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/when-aggression-meets-compassion/article17548479.ece|url-status = live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Plot summary==<br /> On 13 November 1780, a visionary was born who united [[Punjab]] under one flag, named Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Played by Damanpreet Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh was a lion heart who not only conquered territories, but also won the hearts of the people of Punjab. The leader led not by fear and brute power, but by compassion and humanity. The series showcases the journey of this great luminary, who dedicated his life to serve and Protect his motherland. The show discovers all the facets of the extraordinary leader who fought off the [[Afghans|Afghan]]s and outwitted the [[British people|British]] single-handedly.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> ===Main===<br /> * Damanpreet Singh as [[Maharaja Ranjeet Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/damanpreet-tunisha-join-sher-e-punjab-cast/articleshow/56634630.cms|title=Damanpreet, Tunisha join 'Sher-E-Punjab...' cast|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=18 Jan 2017|archive-date=18 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118015330/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/damanpreet-tunisha-join-sher-e-punjab-cast/articleshow/56634630.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Shaleen Bhanot]] as [[Maha Singh|Maha Singh Sukerchakia]], Leader of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] (1770 –1792)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shaleen-bhanot-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-tv-new-show-see-pics-4577257/|title=TV actor Shaleen Bhanot: It was a cultural shock to play Maha Singh in Sher-E-Punjab|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=21 Mar 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320102808/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shaleen-bhanot-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-tv-new-show-see-pics-4577257/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sneha Wagh]] as [[Raj Kaur]], Wife of Maha Singh and mother of Ranjit Singh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sneha-wagh-excited-about-her-role-in-sher-e-punjab-/articleshow/56727496.cms|title=Sneha Wagh 'excited' about her role in 'Sher-E-Punjab...'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=23 Jan 2017|archive-date=24 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124211729/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sneha-wagh-excited-about-her-role-in-sher-e-punjab-/articleshow/56727496.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Tunisha Sharma]] as [[Mehtab Kaur]], The only child of Gurbaksh Singh and Sada Kaur and First wife of Ranjit Singh<br /> * [[Sonia Singh]] as [[Sada Kaur]], Mother of Mehtab Kaur and chief of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]] from 1789 to 1821 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/role-in-sher-e-seemed-meaningful-sonia-singh/articleshow/57415413.cms|title=Role in 'Sher-E...' seemed meaningful: Sonia Singh|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 Mar 2017|archive-date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302223155/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/role-in-sher-e-seemed-meaningful-sonia-singh/articleshow/57415413.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Recurring===<br /> * [[Chetan Pandit]] as [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]], Founder and leader of the Kanhaiya Misl&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-chandrachur-singh-but-chetan-pandit-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56913570.cms|title=Not Chandrachur Singh, but Chetan Pandit in 'Maharaja Ranjit Singh'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 Feb 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202202908/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/not-chandrachur-singh-but-chetan-pandit-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56913570.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rumi Khan as [[Gurbaksh Singh Kanhaiya]], The only son and heir of Jai Singh Kanhaiya&lt;ref name=&quot;Coutinho&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Coutinho|first1=Natasha|title=Historical gets its look right|url=http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/historical-gets-its-look-right/articleshow/57502951.cms|accessdate=3 May 2017|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=March 7, 2017|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312131121/http://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/historical-gets-its-look-right/articleshow/57502951.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Mukesh Tripathi as Nidhan Singh, Gurbaksh Singh kanhaiya's Step brother<br /> * Siddharth Vasudev as Sahib Singh Bhangi, Leader of the [[Bhangi Misl]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/india/sidharth-vasudev-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56893358.cms|title=Sidharth Vasudev in 'Maharaja Ranjit Singh'|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 Feb 2017|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203019/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/india/sidharth-vasudev-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56893358.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Parvati Sehgal]] as Roop Kaur, Wife of Sahib Singh and sister of Maha Singh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-returns-to-tv-with-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56477507.cms|title=Parvati Sehgal returns to TV with Sher-E-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=11 Jan 2017|archive-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115152433/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-returns-to-tv-with-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56477507.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Sparsh Srivastav]] as Gulab Singh, Son of Sahib Singh and Roop Kaur<br /> * [[Anuradha Patel]] as Mai Vajero, Nursemaid of Ranjit Singh&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=IANS|title=Anooradha Patel roped in for TV show 'Sher-E- Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh'|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anooradha-patel-roped-in-for-tv-show-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56593560.cms|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=The Times of India|date=January 16, 2017|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123184649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/anooradha-patel-roped-in-for-tv-show-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56593560.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anuradha-Patel-bags-role-in-serial-based-on-Maharaja-Ranjit-Singh/articleshow/52319468.cms|title=Anuradha Patel bags role in serial based on Maharaja Ranjit Singh|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=18 May 2016|archive-date=18 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518235422/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Anuradha-Patel-bags-role-in-serial-based-on-Maharaja-Ranjit-Singh/articleshow/52319468.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Hasan Zaidi]] as Abdullah Khan, Chief of the Chattha tribe {{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} <br /> * Syed Aman Mian Sharma as [[Fakir Azizuddin]], Physician, linguist, diplomat, and foreign minister at the court of Raṇjīt Siṅgh{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} <br /> * [[Akashdeep Saigal]] as Peer Muhammad&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sky-walker-returns-to-tv-after-four-years/articleshow/56391212.cms|title=Sky Walker returns to TV after four years|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=8 Jan 2017|archive-date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108091754/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sky-walker-returns-to-tv-after-four-years/articleshow/56391212.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Vimarsh Roshan as Lakpat Rai, Maha Singh's chief minister<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> {{Quote box | width=27% | align=right| quote=&quot;He always looked up to everyone equally and ruled fairly. The beauty about his time was that he kept all enemies away and created ‘akhand’ (United) Punjab,&quot; Abhimanyu Singh, CEO, Contiloe Pictures, speaking about the great Sikh ruler, Maharaja Ranjit Singh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Mulla|first1=Zainab|title=Sher-E-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh – All you need to know about Shaleen Bhanot's show on Life OK|url=http://www.india.com/buzz/sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-all-you-need-to-know-about-shaleen-bhanots-show-on-life-ok-1944905/|accessdate=18 May 2017|work=India.com|date=20 March 2017|archive-date=27 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527112529/http://www.india.com/buzz/sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-all-you-need-to-know-about-shaleen-bhanots-show-on-life-ok-1944905/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> ===Conception===<br /> &quot;I like making shows based on history. Maharaja Ranjit Singh is my fourth venture after the success of ''[[Jhansi Ki Rani (2009 TV series)|Jhansi Ki Rani]]''. This show is purely a passion-driven, rather than a profit-driven venture. It promises to be the biggest historical out of our stable. We have worked for over a year and a half with a 500-man unit working day and night to translate our vision into reality. We are also working with state-of-the-art [[VFX]] supervisors and stylists to give freshness to this epic saga,&quot; said the producer as well as creative head of the show, Abhimanyu Singh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jain&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> &quot;This show is very much different to the ones I've made before. I have made many shows based on History like [[Chandra Nandni]] and [[Jodha Akbar]]. This show will be the biggest I have made&quot; said the producer behind this show, [[Karan Chaggar]].<br /> <br /> The series premiered on 20 March 2017, shortly after the hotly-contested [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly elections]] concluded in India. &quot;This series is very contextual in today's political scenario&quot;, observed Abhimanyu Singh. &quot;Today, all politicians want to rule for power and have their own intent and agenda. Here we have Maharaja Ranjit Singh who actually ruled with sewa bhav which is a great teaching of [[Sikhism]]. Also the [[Sikh]]s were in minority in Punjab then yet he was able to administer the region, expand it from [[Afghanistan]] to present day [[Sutlej]], from [[Kashmir]] to [[Balochistan]]. All this became possible because of his inclusive policy, patience, passion, dedication and great administrative set-up.&quot; He felt the show would make electors realise to choose those who can govern well while inspiring the elected to be serious about governance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ravi&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ravi|first1=S.|title=When aggression meets compassion|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/when-aggression-meets-compassion/article17535035.ece|accessdate=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|date=20 March 2017|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323023037/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/when-aggression-meets-compassion/article17535035.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Casting===<br /> Contiloe went through extensive auditions to find an actor appropriate to play the titular role of Ranjit Singh and finally chose [[Punjab]]-based 14-year-old actor Damanpreet Singh. Abhimanyu Singh said, &quot;We chose Damanpreet Singh for playing the role of Maharaja Ranjit Singh after we were done with more than 150 auditions. His simplicity and innocence charmed us entirely. The other actors are Tunisha Sharma playing the role of Ranjit Singh's wife, Mehtab Kaur, Shaleen Bhanot as Ranjit Singh's father, Maha Singh, Sneha Wagh as Ranjit Singh's mother, Raj Kaur, Sonia Singh as Mehtab's mother, Sada Kaur and Rumi Khan as Mehtab's father, Gurbaksh.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jain&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Jain|first1=Ankita|title=A lion's tale|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/a-lions-tale.html|accessdate=6 May 2017|work=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|date=17 March 2017|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012844/https://www.dailypioneer.com/vivacity/a-lions-tale.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On bagging the lead role, Damanpreet said, &quot;I have read about Maharaja Ranjit Singh ji in school. I am in ninth class right now. It's an honour for me to portray him on national television.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Business Standard&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=IANS|title='Maharaja Ranjit Singh': An inspirational tale of a 'true' Sikh leader|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/maharaja-ranjit-singh-an-inspirational-tale-of-a-true-sikh-leader-117031601409_1.html|accessdate=6 May 2017|work=Business Standard India|date=16 March 2017|archive-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320014231/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/maharaja-ranjit-singh-an-inspirational-tale-of-a-true-sikh-leader-117031601409_1.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Damanpreet has been trained in horse-riding, sword-fighting and [[martial arts]] for the role.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Training zone|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/itsy-bitsy/training-zone/402763.html|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=May 6, 2017|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012851/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/itsy-bitsy/training-zone/402763.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has also undergone special training with body language experts to mimic the movements of those who are impaired in one eye since Ranjit Singh lost sight in his left eye in his youth.&lt;ref name=&quot;March 20&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Khushwant|title=Ranjit Singh|date=2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780143065432|page=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Arhaan Behl]] was the first choice to play the role of Ranjit Singh's father, Maha Singh, but when he could not take it up, it went to [[Eijaz Khan]], who opted out for unknown reasons. [[Saurabh Raaj Jain]] was too approached to play the role but couldn't take up the project due to his busy schedule. Said a source associated with the project, &quot;Arhaan was always the original choice for the role, but he couldn't take up the offer back then because of date issues. We then approached Eijaz, who was quite excited about playing the part, but the deal didn't materialise. We are elated to have Arhaan on board as he fits the bill perfectly. [[Rohit Khurana]] was approached for Gurbaksh Singh's role but declined it for unknown reasons.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jul 12, 2016&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The role ultimately went to Shaleen Bhanot. Being a non-Sikh and [[Punjabis|Punjabi]], Shaleen was in a [[cultural shock]] when the creative team of the show approached him. He researched for a period of six months to make sure his depiction of Maha Singh is impeccable. &quot;I had to hire a Punjabi teacher which was another task living in [[Mumbai]]. For nine days I didn’t step out of my home. I watched [[Punjabi cinema|Punjabi movies]] and listened to [[Punjabi folk music]]. Now I think I am quite good at it,&quot; Shaleen said.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Jain|first1=Arushi|title=Shaleen Bhanot on preparing for Sher-E-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh: That 'assi', 'tussi' was difficult to pick up|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shaleen-bhanot-on-preparing-for-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-that-assitussi-was-difficult-to-pick-up-4579448/|accessdate=9 May 2017|work=The Indian Express|date=21 March 2017|archive-date=20 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420154931/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shaleen-bhanot-on-preparing-for-sher-e-punjab-maharaja-ranjit-singh-that-assitussi-was-difficult-to-pick-up-4579448/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 2017, it was reported that Siddharth Vasudev had been cast to play the negative role of Sahib Singh Bhangi, the brother-in-law of Maha Singh and the leader of the [[Bhangi Misl]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=TNN|title=Sidharth Vasudev in 'Maharaja Ranjit Singh'|url=http://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/india/sidharth-vasudev-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56893356.cms|accessdate=18 May 2017|work=[[Bombay Times]]|date=February 1, 2017|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201142916/http://www.bombaytimes.com/tv/india/sidharth-vasudev-in-maharaja-ranjit-singh/articleshow/56893356.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Child actor Syed Aman Mian Sharma, who is currently in trend due to his character Balu in [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment Television]]'s historical drama ''[[Peshwa Bajirao (TV series)|Peshwa Bajirao]]'', was chosen to play the pivotal role of a young [[Fakir Azizuddin|Azizuddin]] in the series. The actor was said to be working in both projects simultaneously.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}<br /> <br /> ===Historical accuracy===<br /> Keeping in mind the sentiments of the Sikh community, Abhimanyu Singh stated that they had done a lot of research for the show. &quot;We have followed [[Khushwant Singh]]'s books. We have also followed instructions of Dr. [[J. S. Grewal]] and [[Gurbaksh Singh]], who are prominent historians&quot;, said Abhimanyu Singh. A team of four including historian Dr. J. S. Grewal and author Dr. Gurbaksh Singh have gone through the screenplay thoroughly. &quot;During shooting of important sequences they are present at the sets&quot;, he added.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ravi&quot; /&gt; Historians and weaponry experts worked with the production team for a period of 12 months prior to the release of the show.&lt;ref name=&quot;March 20&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=TNN|title=Here's a king who chose service over power!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/india/heres-a-king-who-chose-service-over-power/articleshow/57716281.cms|accessdate=6 May 2017|work=The Times of India|date=March 20, 2017|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012856/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/india/heres-a-king-who-chose-service-over-power/articleshow/57716281.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sets===<br /> The series was shot across various locations in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Maharashtra]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Business Standard&quot; /&gt; the sets were designed by [[Bollywood]] director, production and designer [[Omung Kumar]], who is renowned for his &lt;ref&gt;bollywood&lt;/ref&gt; esque cinematography in films like ''[[Black (2005 film)|Black]]'', ''[[Saawariya]]'' and ''[[Yuvvraj]]''. In order to do justice to the grandeur of the royal Punjab courts, Kumar created a lavish set for the show in [[Amgaon]] near the Maharashtra-[[Gujarat]] border.&lt;ref name=&quot;March 20&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Costumes===<br /> Noted [[Bollywood]] costume designer duo, Rushi Sharma and Manoshi Nath, who have tailored for films like ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'', ''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'', ''[[Kick (2014 film)|Kick]]'', ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' etc. have been roped in to clothe Ranjit Singh (Damanpreet Singh), his first wife Mehtab Kaur (Tunisha Sharma), father Maha Singh (Shaleen Bhanot), mother Raj Kaur (Sneha Wagh), father-in-law Gurbaksh Singh (Rumi Khan) and mother-in-law Sada Kaur (Sonia Singh).&lt;ref name=&quot;Coutinho&quot; /&gt; Said the duo, &quot;We researched the era, [[Sikhism]] and the Maharaja himself, the fabrics and jewellery they wore then. We also incorporated the [[pan-Asian]] and middle-Asian influence on art and handlooms. We have given a particular colour for every character. For Ranjit, it's mostly white, for the antagonists its darker colours like emerald green, ruby red and midnight blue. Also, each character has a specific kind of jewellery.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coutinho&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Action sequences===<br /> Contiloe have roped in Bollywood stunt director [[Allan Amin]] to design the war sequences in the show, which have been shot in various places in India. In February 2017, Allan said, &quot;I am designing the action sequences for the show. We have already shot the opening war sequence. When audiences will watch the sequence on their TV screens, they will feel like they are watching a movie. The makers of the show have supported me extensively and have given me the liberty to shoot these action sequences my way.&quot; Contiloe were keen on giving the show a movie-like feel, and hence decided to hire the services of the celebrated stuntman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Razzaq|first1=Sameena|title=Allan Amin trains Akashdeep for historical drama|url=http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/tv/210217/allan-amin-trains-akashdeep-for-historical-drama.html|accessdate=6 May 2017|work=[[Asian Age]]|date=21 February 2017|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012838/http://www.asianage.com/entertainment/tv/210217/allan-amin-trains-akashdeep-for-historical-drama.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Music===<br /> The title track of the series has been crooned by [[Sonu Nigam]]. He says he felt empowered by the number and the lyrics. &quot;The song I sang for the show is the title track for the show ‘Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh’ by the same name, music by my dearest friend and super talented composer [[Raju Singh]] and written by [[Kumaar]]. I felt empowered by the song and the lyrics and I'm sure even the listeners will feel the power we felt in creating this song,&quot; said Sonu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/sonu-nigam-croons-title-track/article17747495.ece|title=Sonu Nigam croons title track|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=31 Mar 2017|archive-date=16 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916012852/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/sonu-nigam-croons-title-track/article17747495.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Anvita Singh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' criticized the series upon its release. &quot;Maharaja Ranjit Singh's fights, and the set, and even the way the story has been told is not engaging at all.&quot; She further added, &quot;The actors do what is required of them. Well, most of them, Akashdeep Saigal being an exception. The actor portrays Pir Muhammad, and considering the number of negative roles he has done in the past, one would have thought that Akashdeep would have been great at his job. But he is not. From the accent, to the way he carries himself; everything seems off about him. He does not spell dangerous or fearsome.&quot; She concluded her review by saying that, &quot;Shaleen Bhanot, who plays Maha Singh, Maharaja Ranjit Singh's father, is the only one who makes the show somewhat bearable.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Singh|first1=Anvita|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh review: Nothing stands out, except a dry script, and a sad Akashdeep Saigal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what-s-hot/story/maharaja-ranjit-singh-review-nothing-stands-out-except-a-dry-script-and-a-sad-akashdeep-saigal-life-ok-lifetv-967015-2017-03-22|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Times of India|date=March 22, 2017|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521082623/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/maharaja-ranjit-singh-review-nothing-stands-out-except-a-dry-script-and-a-sad-akashdeep-saigal-life-ok-lifetv/1/910086.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (TV series)|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|tt6435136|Sher-e-Punjab: Maharaja Ranjit Singh}}<br /> <br /> {{Life OK Programmes}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ranjit Singh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian historical television series]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Life OK original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2017 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:Fiction about Sikhism]]<br /> [[Category:Television series set in the 18th century]]<br /> [[Category:Television series set in the 19th century]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Lahore]]<br /> [[Category:Sikh Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chitra_Bharti_Kathamala&diff=463017 2025-11-28T04:36:01Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: expanded content</p> <hr /> <div>{{refimprove|date=November 2025}}<br /> '''Chitra Bharti Kathamala''' was a popular [[Indian comics|Indian]] [[comic book]] publication during the early 1980s. It was the comic publication line of one of the India's biggest publishers of Engineering and technical books - [[S.Chand]] and Company Ltd, [[New Delhi]]. They finally ended publishing comics in the late 1980s due to an increasingly competitive market in India with Western comics publishers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt; |date=2016 |title=The Routledge Companion to Comics |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Routledge_Companion_to_Comics/EevLDAAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |page=91 |isbn=9781317915386 |access-date=November 27, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Head Office==<br /> The head office of Chitra Bharti Kathamala was S.Chand and Company Ltd. Raamnagar, New Delhi, Pin 110055. The company still publishes educational books, and its head office remains the same. They, however, do not publish the comic series any more.<br /> <br /> ==Frequency/ Language==<br /> The Chitra Bharti Kathamala enjoyed moderate success. The company used to publish one comic every [[fortnight]] making it a total of 24 issues in a year. The comics were published both in [[Hindi]] and [[English (language)|English]] languages.<br /> <br /> ==Characters and Themes==<br /> The following were the regular characters in the Chitra Bharti Kathamala Universe:<br /> * Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond<br /> * Space Star (Captain Gaurav)<br /> * Private Detective Kapil<br /> * Chandru<br /> * Manasputra<br /> * Bhabhi Ji<br /> * Chocolate (Collection)<br /> <br /> Apart from these regular characters, themes ranged from fairy and knight tales, general, social and comical stories to the biographies of historical personalities and details of historical monuments and events.<br /> <br /> ==List of Chitra Bharti Kathamala==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Issue No. !! Title !! English Title !! Series<br /> |-<br /> | 001 || Jai Bharat || Jai Bharat ||<br /> |-<br /> | 002 || Chandrahaas ||<br /> |-<br /> | 003 || Bahadurshah Jafar || Bahadurshah Jafar ||<br /> |-<br /> | 004 || Dhruvtara || Dhruv Tara ||<br /> |-<br /> | 005 || Shaitaan ka Shadyantra || Devil's Web ||<br /> |-<br /> | 006 || Chauptanand || Chaupatanand ||<br /> |-<br /> | 007 || Munshi Totaram ki Swargyatra || Munshi Tota Ram In Heaven ||<br /> |-<br /> | 008 || Samudra ka Shaitaan || The Sea Monster ||<br /> |-<br /> | 009 || Chittor ka Chiraag || The Gallants of Chittor ||<br /> |-<br /> | 010 || Hatyaa ka Jaal || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 1)<br /> |-<br /> | 011 || Bolta Ped || The Talking Tree ||<br /> |-<br /> | 012 || Watan Ke Saudagar || The Traitors || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 013 || Rahasyamaya Grah || The Mysterious Planet || style=&quot;background:#efe&quot; | (Space Star: 1)<br /> |-<br /> | 014 || Kaali Billi || Black Cat ||<br /> |-<br /> | 015 || Nawaab Latpat || Nawab Latpat ||<br /> |-<br /> | 016 || Jail Ki Hawaa || Back To The Jail || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 017 || Dhurt Mantri || The Wicked Minister ||<br /> |-<br /> | 018 || Jaadugar Chakram || Wisdom Of A Prince ||<br /> |-<br /> | 019 || Naagkanya || The Serpent Girl ||<br /> |-<br /> | 020 || Zahareeley Baune || Space City XVII || style=&quot;background:#efe&quot; | (Space Star: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 021 || Chaandi Ka Pahaad || The Silver Mountain ||<br /> |-<br /> | 022 || Swarg Ka Neta - Madari Lal || Madari Laal The Leader Of The Heaven ||<br /> |-<br /> | 023 || Mister Champat || Mr. Champat/Hunt For The Will ||<br /> |-<br /> | 024 || Uranium ke Chor || Smuggling In Space || style=&quot;background:#efe&quot; | (Space Star: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 025 || Time Bomb || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 026 || Veerdhwaj || Veerdhwaj ||<br /> |-<br /> | 027 || Qaatil Mere Peechhe || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 5)<br /> |-<br /> | 028 || Begam Samru ||<br /> |-<br /> | 029 || Swatantrata Ke Karnadhaar Motilal Nehru ||<br /> |-<br /> | 030 || Vinash Ke Putle || Messengers Of Doom || style=&quot;background:#efe&quot; | (Space Star: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 031 || Peeli Kothi || The Deserted House ||<br /> |-<br /> | 032 || Khoon Ke Baad Khoon || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 6)<br /> |-<br /> | 033 || Rashtra Nayak Jawaharlal Nehru || Leader of the Nation-Jawahar Lal Nehru ||<br /> |-<br /> | 034 || Videshi Qatil || International Killer || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 7)<br /> |-<br /> | 035 || Bam Bam Puran ||<br /> |-<br /> | 036 || Shalimar Ke Chor || Thieves Of Shalimar || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 1)<br /> |-<br /> | 037 || Nakli Goli Asli Maut || The Invisible Killer|| style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 038 || Mitti Ki Rajkumari || Clay Princess ||<br /> |-<br /> | 039 || Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, Isai, Ham Sab Hain Bhai Bhai || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 8)<br /> |-<br /> | 040 || Chamatkari Singhasan || The Miracle Throne ||<br /> |-<br /> | 041 || Maut Ka Farista || Vengeance Is Mine || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 042 || Anokha Chor - RamKishore || Thief With A Difference || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 9)<br /> |-<br /> | 043 || Bharat Ratna - Indira Gandhi ||<br /> |-<br /> | 044 || Amar Shaheed Veer Singh || Veer Singh The Immortal Son Of India ||<br /> |-<br /> | 045 || Surya Ki Beti ||<br /> |-<br /> | 046 || Nikamma Nagar ||<br /> |-<br /> | 047 || Gappiram Aur Murkhanand ||<br /> |-<br /> | 048 || Dracula Aur Dragon || || style=&quot;background:#fef&quot; | (Chandru: 1)<br /> |-<br /> | 049 || Mahamaya Ki Talwaar || The Sword Of Mahamaya || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 1)<br /> |-<br /> | 050 || Begum Hazrat Mahal ||<br /> |-<br /> | 051 || Do Badmash, Hua Sarvnash || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 10)<br /> |-<br /> | 052 || Kakori Ke Shaheed || The Martyrs of Kakori<br /> |-<br /> | 053 || Anokha Computer || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 11)<br /> |-<br /> | 054 || Akkad Bakkad ||<br /> |-<br /> | 055 || Mahakali Ki Swarn Mudrayen || The Gold Coins Of Mahakali ||<br /> |-<br /> | 056 || Jebkatra Natwarlal || || style=&quot;background:#fef&quot; | (Chandru: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 057 || Mahabali Balram ||<br /> |-<br /> | 058 || Urvashi || Urvashi ||<br /> |-<br /> | 059 || Suryamani || The Sun-Jewel ||<br /> |-<br /> | 060 || Baaton Ka Badshah ||<br /> |-<br /> | 061 || Black Hole || Black Hole || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 062 || Dhanwaan Bhikhari || <br /> |-<br /> | 063 || Khatarnak Hatyare, Itne Sare || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 12)<br /> |-<br /> | 064 || Rajkumari Swapna Ki Wapasi || The Return Of Rajkumari Swapna || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 065 || || Strange Judgement ||<br /> |-<br /> | 066 || Chor Kaun? || To Catch A Thief ||<br /> |-<br /> | 067 || Aa Bala, Pakad Gala || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 13)<br /> |-<br /> | 068 || Hawai Ghoda ||<br /> |-<br /> | 069 || Robo Cat || Robo Cat ||<br /> |-<br /> | 070 || Jasoos Hue Fail, Mili Jail || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 14)<br /> |-<br /> | 071 || Nayee Saree || || style=&quot;background:#ffe&quot; | (Bhabhi Ji: 1)<br /> |- <br /> | 072 || Chamatkari Chhadi || The Magic Wand ||<br /> |-<br /> | 073 || Luteron Ki Baraat || A Band Of Robbers || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 15)<br /> |-<br /> | 074 || Mahaan Khiladi || || style=&quot;background:#ffe&quot; | (Bhabhi Ji: 2)<br /> |-<br /> | 075 || Sheru Badmash || || style=&quot;background:#fef&quot; | (Chandru: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 076 || Adrashya Lutera || The Mystery Man || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 077 || Imaraton Ki Chori || The Theft of Buildings ||<br /> |-<br /> | 078 || Diwali Ki Fuljhadiyan || || style=&quot;background:#ffe&quot; | (Bhabhi Ji: 3)<br /> |-<br /> | 079 || Papa Kho Gaye ||<br /> |-<br /> | 080 || Buddhiman Tota ||<br /> |-<br /> | 081 || Aafat Singh Ki Asfat || || style=&quot;background:#fee&quot; | (Secret Agent 005 - Junior James Bond: 16)<br /> |-<br /> | 082 || Mahayudh || || style=&quot;background:#ffe&quot; | (Bhabhi Ji: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 083 || Chitralekha ||<br /> |-<br /> | 084 || <br /> |-<br /> | 085 || <br /> |-<br /> | 086 || Idhar Udhar Ki Baaten || || style=&quot;background:#ffe&quot; | (Bhabhi Ji: 5)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===List of Chocolate Comics===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Issue No. !! Title !! Main Story<br /> |-<br /> | 001 || Maut Ka Naach || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 5)<br /> |-<br /> | 002 || Roohon Ki Ghaati - 1 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 6)<br /> |-<br /> | 003 || Roohon Ki Ghaati - 2 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 6)<br /> |-<br /> | 004 || Roohon Ki Ghaati - 3 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 6)<br /> |-<br /> | 005 || Rahasyamaya Hatyara || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 7)<br /> |-<br /> | 006 || Kanoon Ke Lambe Hath || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 8)<br /> |-<br /> | 007 || Antriksh Ke Hamlawar - 1 || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 008 || Antriksh Ke Hamlawar - 2 || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 009 || Antriksh Ke Hamlawar - 3 || style=&quot;background:#eff&quot; | (Manas Putra: 4)<br /> |-<br /> | 010 || Nashe Ke Saudagar - 1 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 9)<br /> |-<br /> | 011 || Nashe Ke Saudagar - 2 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 9)<br /> |-<br /> | 012 || Nashe Ke Saudagar - 3 || style=&quot;background:#eef&quot; | (Private Detective Kapil: 9)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Sangam Series (Reprint Collection)===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Issue No. !! Title !! English Title !! Series<br /> |-<br /> | || Bahadur Shah Zafar/Chittor Ka Chirag/Begum Samru || Bahadur Shah Zafar/The Gallants of Chittor/Begum Samru || Veer Gathayen<br /> |-<br /> | 002 || Jai Bharat/Chandrahas/Dhruvtara || Jai Bharat/Chandrahas/Dhruv Tara || Pauranik Kathayen<br /> |-<br /> | 003 || Rahasyamaya Grah/Zahareele Baune/Uranium Ke Chor || The Mysterious Planet/Space City XVII/Smuggling In Space || style=&quot;background:#efe&quot; | Space Star<br /> |-<br /> | || Motilal Nehru/Jawaharlal Nehru/Indira Gandhi || Motilal Nehru/Jawaharlal Nehru/Indira Gandhi || Vibhuti Sangam<br /> |-<br /> | || Bolta Ped/Dhoort Mantri/Jadugar Chakram || The Talking Tree/The Wicked Minister/Wisdom Of A Prince || <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Comic book publishing companies of India]]<br /> &lt;br /&gt;<br /> {{comics-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduism_in_Sierra_Leone&diff=472554 2025-11-26T02:39:00Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: cleaned up layout per standard format additionally and improved wording for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --&gt;<br /> '''[[Hinduism]] in [[Sierra Leone]]''' is the [[religion]] of some [[South Asia]]n expatriates.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71323.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2006, Sierra Leone] reported that there is small number of Hindus in Sierra Leone&lt;/ref&gt; Hindus in Sierra Leone are primarily of South Asian descent and are usually traders.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-religions-are-practised-in-sierra-leone.html|title = Major Religions of Sierra Leone|date = 4 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are 4,400 [[Hindus]] (0.05%) in [[Sierra Leone]] as of 2025, according to [[Association of Religion Data Archives|ARDA]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=200c#RELADH|title=Sierra Leone, Religion And Social Profile|website=thearda.com|access-date=2025-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Freetown]], the capital and principal city of Sierra Leone, has a large Hindu community, including a Hindu association and a priest. Hindus are allowed [[cremation]] in Freetown.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_20057559.shtml |title=Indians’ Cremation Ceremony versus disgruntled youths in Sierra Leone |access-date=2013-07-31 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232655/http://www.news.sl/drwebsite/publish/printer_20057559.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Following the exodus of [[expatriate]]s in 1999 during the [[Sierra Leone civil war]], the Indian community numbers dwindled to about 1500, mostly businessmen of [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]] origin.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044313/http://mea.gov.in/foreignrelation/11fr10.pdf Indian Community in Sierra Leone], p. 5&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {{Historical populations<br /> |title = Historical Population<br /> |type = <br /> |footnote = <br /> |align = left<br /> |width = <br /> |state = <br /> |shading = <br /> |pop_name =<br /> |percentages = <br /> |source =&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Sierra_Leone/rbodies.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106034707/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/Sierra_Leone/rbodies.html|url-status=dead|title=Religious Freedom Page&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|archive-date=6 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=156|title=Country Profile: Sierra Leone (Republic of Sierra Leone)|access-date=14 February 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071014015550/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=156|archive-date=October 14, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/internationaldata/countries/Country_200_2.asp|title=Sierra Leone, Religion And Social Profile|website=thearda.com|access-date=2021-10-12|archive-date=2021-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174751/https://www.thearda.com/internationaldata/countries/Country_200_2.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |2001|4750<br /> |2007|1942<br /> |2015|3550<br /> |2025|4400<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! '''Year'''<br /> ! '''Percent'''<br /> ! '''Increase'''<br /> |-<br /> | '''2001'''<br /> | '''0.1%'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:&quot; | '''-'''<br /> |-<br /> | '''2007'''<br /> | '''0.04%'''<br /> | style=&quot;background: red&quot; | '''-0.6''' <br /> |-<br /> | '''2015'''<br /> | '''0.05%'''<br /> | style=&quot;background: green&quot; | '''+0.01'''<br /> |-<br /> | '''2025'''<br /> | '''0.05%'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:&quot; | '''-''' <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Temples==<br /> There is a functioning Hindu temple in Freetown.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044313/http://mea.gov.in/foreignrelation/11fr10.pdf Indian Community in Sierra Leone], p. 5&lt;/ref&gt; It is run by the local Temple Committee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India - Sierra Leone Relations |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Sierra_Leone_Feb_2016.pdf |publisher=Government of India - Ministry of External Affairs |access-date=28 March 2024 |page=3 |date=February 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Hinduism|Sierra Leone}}<br /> *[[Hinduism in Kenya]]<br /> *[[Hinduism in Togo]]<br /> *[[Hinduism in Africa]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Africa in topic|Hinduism in}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Religion in Sierra Leone]]<br /> [[Category:Hinduism by country|Sierra Leone]]<br /> [[Category:Hinduism in Africa|Sierra Leone]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{SierraLeone-stub}}<br /> {{Hindu-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magazine_(artillery)&diff=457226 2025-11-23T11:05:19Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: brief improve formatting and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Place of storage for ammunition or other explosive material}}<br /> {{distinguish|Magazine (firearms)}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=September 2014}}<br /> [[File:Colonial magazine.jpg|thumb|[[Colonial Williamsburg]] magazine of the eighteenth century in [[Virginia]]]]<br /> A '''magazine''' is an item or place within which [[ammunition]] or other explosive material is stored. The word is taken originally from the Arabic word ''makhāzin'' (مخازن), meaning &quot;storehouses&quot;, via Italian and Middle French.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dictionary.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/magazine#wordOrigin |title = Magazine |website = Dictionary.com |publisher= Dictionary.com, LLC |access-date=2018-07-12 |quote= &lt;nowiki&gt;Origin of magazine: 1575–85; &lt; French magasin &lt; Italian magazzino storehouse &lt; Arabic makhāzin, plural of makhzan storehouse&lt;/nowiki&gt; }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AmericanHeritage&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | title = magazine | encyclopedia = American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language | edition = Fifth | year = 2011 | access-date = 2018-07-12 | url = https://www.thefreedictionary.com/magazine | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company | quote = French magasin, storehouse, from Old French magazin (possibly via Old Italian magazzino), from Arabic maḫāzin, pl. of maḫzan, from ḫazana, to store[...] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Collins&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia | title = magazine | encyclopedia = Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged | edition = 12th | year = 2014 | access-date = 2018-07-12 | url = https://www.thefreedictionary.com/magazine | publisher = HarperCollins Publishers | quote = via French magasin from Italian magazzino, from Arabic makhāzin, plural of makhzan storehouse, from khazana to store away }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The term is also used for an [[ammunition dump]], a place where large quantities of ammunition are stored for later distribution. This usage is less common.<br /> <br /> ==Field magazines==<br /> [[File:Shell lift, Les Landes, Jersey.JPG|thumb|right|A [[Ammunition hoist|shell hoist]] within a fixed gun emplacement at [[Battery Moltke]], used to lift ordnance from a room below]]<br /> In the early history of tube [[artillery]] drawn by horses (and later by mechanized vehicles), ammunition was carried in separate unarmored wagons or vehicles. These soft-skinned vehicles were extremely vulnerable to enemy fire and to explosions caused by a weapons malfunction.<br /> <br /> Therefore, as part of setting up an [[artillery battery]], a designated place would be used to shelter the ready ammunition. In the case of batteries of towed artillery the temporary magazine would be placed, if possible, in a pit, or natural declivity, or surrounded by [[sandbag]]s or [[Earthworks (engineering)|earthworks]]. Circumstances might require the establishment of multiple field magazines so that one lucky hit or accident would not disable the entire battery.<br /> <br /> == Naval magazines ==<br /> [[File:Animated gun turret with labels.gif|thumb|left|upright|Animated naval gun operations:<br /> {{image key<br /> |list type=ordered<br /> |Platform deck<br /> |Shell room<br /> |Lower deck<br /> |Magazine<br /> |Middle deck<br /> |Trunk<br /> |Main deck<br /> |Barbette<br /> |Working chamber<br /> |Upper deck<br /> |Roller path<br /> |Cradle<br /> |Gunhouse}}]]<br /> <br /> The ammunition storage area aboard a [[warship]] is referred to as a magazine or the &quot;ship's magazine&quot; by sailors.<br /> <br /> Historically, when artillery was fired with [[gunpowder]], a warship's magazines were built below the water line—especially since the magazines could then be readily flooded in case of fire or other dangerous emergencies on board the ship. An open flame was never allowed inside the magazine.<br /> <br /> More modern warships use semi-automated or automated [[Gun turret#Layout|ammunition hoist]]s. The path through which the [[naval artillery]]'s ammunition passed typically has blast-resistant airlocks and other safety devices, including provisions to flood the compartment with seawater in an emergency.<br /> <br /> The separation of shell and propellant gave the storage of the former the name &quot;shell room&quot; and the latter &quot;powder room&quot;.<br /> <br /> [[File:US Navy 030327-N-1328C-519 Aviation Ordnancemen assemble bombs aboard USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).jpg|thumb|right|Weapons magazine aboard {{USS|Theodore Roosevelt|CVN-71|6}} in 2003]]<br /> Surface warships that have carried [[torpedo]]es, and ones that still do (such as the [[Mark 46 torpedo]] for [[antisubmarine warfare]]), have had torpedo magazines for carrying these dangerous antiship and antisubmarine weapons in well-defended compartments.<br /> <br /> With the advent of missile-equipped [[warship]]s, the term missile &quot;magazine&quot; has also been applied to the storage area for [[guided missile]]s on the ship, usually carried below the main decks of the warships. For ships with both forward and aft [[surface-to-air missile]] launchers, there are at least two missile magazines. Sometimes the magazines of [[guided-missile frigate]]s and [[guided-missile destroyer]]s have carried or do carry a mixture of various types of missiles: [[surface-to-air missile]]s, [[antisubmarine]] missiles such as the [[ASROC|ASROC missile]], and [[anti-ship missile]]s such as the [[Harpoon missile]]. See especially the {{Sclass|Oliver Hazard Perry|frigate|1}}s, owned by several different navies around the world, in which one 40-missile magazine carries a mixture of all three types of missiles: surface-to-air, surface-to-surface, and surface-to-underwater.<br /> <br /> In [[aircraft carrier]]s, the magazines are required to store not only the aircraft carrier's own defensive weapons, but all of the weapons for her [[warplane]]s, including rapid-fire gun ammunition, [[air-to-air missile]]s such as the [[Sidewinder missile]], [[air-to-surface missile]]s such as the [[Maverick missile]], [[Mk 46 torpedo|Mk 46 ASW torpedo]]es, [[Joint Direct Attack Munition]]s, &quot;dumb bombs&quot;, [[HARM missile]]s, and anti-ship missiles such as the [[Harpoon missile]] and the [[Exocet missile]].<br /> <br /> === Detonation threat ===<br /> [[File:Yamato explosion.jpg|thumb|right|The magazines of the ''Yamato'' explode|alt=A view of the ocean stretching to the horizon with the silhouette of a distant small warship visible to the left. To the right an enormous mushroom cloud rises high into the sky.|201x201px]]<br /> Naval magazines face considerable risk of [[detonation]], especially in cases of attack, accident, or fire. Such detonations have sunk many warships and caused many other incidents.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=H-029-5 Ordnance Accidents|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-029/h-029-5.html|access-date=2020-11-09|website=NHHC|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Battleships were highly armored to protect from external attack, but the strength of the construction aids to constrict and worsen the impact of internal explosions, as the rigid steel does not allow blast waves to dissipate. The [[USS Iowa turret explosion|USS ''Iowa'' turret explosion]] was such an example: in 1989 a loading incident caused a gun turret explosion, which spread to further powder stores in the turret, which eventually killed all 47 men in the turret. The turret served to contain the blast, protecting the rest of the ship, but amplified the blast inside the turret ensuring deadly conditions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=H-029-4 USS Iowa Turret Explosion|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-029/h-029-4.html|access-date=2020-11-09|website=NHHC|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During World War II, many ships met their end via magazine detonations. During the 1941 [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], the {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|6}} was destroyed when a Japanese armor-piercing bomb punched through her deck and detonated in proximity to the ship's ammunition magazine, which was caught on film. The magazines of the [[Japanese battleship Yamato|Japanese battleship ''Yamato'']] exploded in 1945 after hours of continuous assault by Allied aircraft, utterly destroying the ship and leaving few survivors.&lt;ref name=&quot;G&amp;D65&quot;&gt;Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 65.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cfrecord&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|year=2009|title=Combined Fleet – tabular history of ''Yamato''|url=http://combinedfleet.com/yamato.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129040009/http://www.combinedfleet.com/yamato.htm|archive-date=29 November 2010|access-date=1 April 2010|publisher=Parshall, Jon; Bob Hackett, Sander Kingsepp, &amp; Allyn Nevitt}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Ammunition dump]]<br /> *[[Arsenal]]<br /> *[[Gunpowder magazine]]<br /> *[[Gunroom]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Garzke|first1=William H.|title=Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II|last2=Dulin|first2=Robert O.|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1985|isbn=978-0-87021-101-0|location=Annapolis, Maryland|oclc=12613723}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Magazines (artillery)}}<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051203055908/http://colonialwilliamsburg.com/Almanack/places/hb/hbmag.cfm Colonial Williamsburg Magazine]<br /> <br /> {{Fortifications}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Magazine (Artillery)}}<br /> [[Category:Magazines (artillery)| ]]<br /> [[Category:Ammunition dumps]]<br /> [[Category:Artillery ammunition]]<br /> [[Category:Fortifications by type]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanjeev_Goyal&diff=532760 2025-11-14T10:06:57Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian-British economist}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}<br /> {{more footnotes|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Sanjeev Goyal<br /> | image = Sanjeev Goyal.jpg<br /> | image_size = 180px<br /> | caption = Goyal in March 2007<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | citizenship = <br /> | nationality = <br /> | ethnicity = <br /> | field = [[Microeconomics]]<br /> | work_institutions = [[Erasmus University]] &lt;br/&gt; <br /> [[Cambridge University]]<br /> | alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]&lt;br&gt;[[IIM Ahmedabad]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cornell University]]<br /> | doctoral_advisor = [[David Easley]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lawrence E. Blume]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tapan Mitra]]&lt;br/&gt; [[Karl Shell]]<br /> | doctoral_students = <br /> | known_for = Economic theory &lt;br/&gt; <br /> Networks <br /> | author_abbrev_bot = <br /> | author_abbrev_zoo = <br /> | influences = <br /> | influenced = <br /> | prizes = National Talent Scholar &lt;br /&gt; <br /> Gold Medal, Delhi Univ.&lt;br /&gt; <br /> A.D White Fellow, Cornell<br /> | religion = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sanjeev Goyal''' [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] is an Indian-British economist, best known for his pioneering research on networks. <br /> <br /> He is currently Arthur C. Pigou Professor of Economics at the [[University of Cambridge]] and a Fellow of [[Christ's College, Cambridge]]. His book, ''Connections: an introduction to the [[economics of networks]]'', was published by Princeton University Press in 2007; his second book, ''Networks: An Economics Approach'', was published by MIT Press in 2023.<br /> <br /> Sanjeev Goyal is a [[Fellow of the British Academy]] and [[Fellow of the Econometric Society]]. He was the founding Director of the Cambridge-INET Institute (2012–2014) and Chair of the Cambridge Economics Faculty (2014–2018).<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> * V. Bala and S. Goyal (1998), Learning From Neighbors, ''Review of Economic Studies.''<br /> * V. Bala and S. Goyal (2000), A Non-Cooperative Model of Network Formation, ''Econometrica.''<br /> * S. Goyal and J.L. Moraga (2001), R&amp;D Networks, ''RAND Journal.''<br /> * S. Goyal and S. Joshi (2003), Networks of Collaboration in Oligopoly, ''Games and Econ Beh.''<br /> * S. Goyal and F. Vega-Redondo (2005), Network formation and social coordination, ''Games and Econ Beh..''<br /> * S.Goyal, M. vd Leij and J-L Moraga (2006), Economics: An Emerging Small World, ''Journal of Political Economy.'' <br /> * S. Goyal and F. Vega-Redondo (2007), Structural Holes in Social networks, ''Journal of Economic Theory.''<br /> * A. Galeotti and S. Goyal (2009), Influencing and influencers: a theory of strategic diffusion, ''RAND Journal.''<br /> * A. Galeotti, S. Goyal, M. Jackson, F. Vega-Redondo, L. Yariv (2010), Network Games, ''Review of Economic Studies.''<br /> * A. Galeotti and S. Goyal (2010), The Law of the Few, ''American Economic Review.''<br /> * S. Goyal and M. Kearns (2012), Competitive Contagion in Networks, ''Symposium on the Theory of Computing.''<br /> * L. Ductor, M.Fafchamps, S. Goyal and M. v.d.Leij (2014), Social Networks &amp; Research Output, ''Rev of Econ and Stats.''<br /> * S. Goyal and A. Vigier (2014), Attack, defence and contagion in networks, ''Review of Economic Studies.''<br /> * M. Dziubinski and S. Goyal (2016), How do you defend a network?, ''Theoretical Economics.''<br /> * J. Gagnon and S. Goyal (2017), Networks, markets and inequality, ''American Economic Review''<br /> * P. Dasgupta and S. Goyal (2019), Narrow Identities, ''Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics.''<br /> * A. Galeotti, B. Golub and S. Goyal (2020), Targeting Interventions in Networks, ''Econometrica.''<br /> * L. Ductor, S. Goyal and A. Prummer (2023), Gender and Collaboration, ''Review of Econ. and Stats.''<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/people/academic/sanjeev-goyal=Goyal's official page];<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Goyal, Sanjeev}}<br /> [[Category:Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the British Academy]]<br /> [[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]<br /> [[Category:Cornell University alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]<br /> [[Category:Hindu College, Delhi alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Vijayan&diff=541102 2025-11-12T20:12:55Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian wildlife photographer (born 20th century)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=October 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Thomas Vijayan<br /> | post-nominals = <br /> | image = File:Vijayan Thomas1.jpg<br /> | image_upright = <br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Thomas Vijayan in 2020<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = 20th century <br /> | birth_place = Bangalore (now [[Bengaluru]]), [[Karnataka]], India<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | occupation = [[Wildlife photographer]] and [[Entrepreneurship|entrepreneur]]<br /> | website = {{url|thomasvijayan.com}} <br /> }}<br /> '''Thomas Vijayan''' is an Indian wildlife photographer and businessman from Bangalore (now [[Bengaluru]]) who is based in [[Dubai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Abraham 2022&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Abraham |first1=Alex |title=How a Dubai-Based Kerala Businessman Became an Award-Winning Photographer |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae-success-stories/how-a-dubai-based-kerala-businessman-became-an-award-winning-photographer-1.1646838276283 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=[[Gulf News]] |date=March 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Vijayan is an architect, born and raised in Bangalore (now Bengaluru), India. Hailing from a photography family, he started photography at age ten. Later, he settled in Canada with his family.&lt;ref name='dc'&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ipe |first1=Ann |title=Thomas Vijayan: Untamed Passion for the Rare Frame |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/pets-and-environment/120117/thomas-vijayan-untamed-passion-for-the-rare-frame.html |work = [[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |date=12 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Get the Shot {{!}} Open Skies Article {{!}} Open Skies |url=https://www.emirates.com/hr/english/open-skies/6467083/get-the-shot?isfrl= |website= [[Emirates Croatia]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2015, he was appointed as [[Nikon]]'s first [[brand ambassador]] for the Middle East and Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Thomas Vijayan – Library of Inspiration – Nikon Cote d'Ivoire |url=http://www.nikon.com.ci/en_CI/nikon_school/nikon_school_article?ID=templatedata/en_ME/taggable_content/data/nikon_ambassadors/ambassador_profile | publisher = [[Nikon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, Vijayan was the recipient of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year – People's Choice Award by the UK-based [[Natural History Museum, London]] for his picture titled ''Swinging Time''. The picture was selected from 42,000 entries submitted from 96 different countries and has been added to the museum's special collection.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Swinging Time {{!}} Wildlife Photographer of the Yea |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/wpy/gallery/2015-a-swinging-time | publisher = [[Natural History Museum, London]] |date=11 March 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='tg'&gt;{{cite web |last1=Museum |first1=Courtesy of the Natural History |title=Wildlife Photographer of the Year People's Choice Award – In Pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2016/jan/11/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-peoples-choice-award-in-pictures | work = [[The Guardian]] |date=11 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, Vijayan won top prize in the [[Society of International Nature and Wildlife Photographers]] Bird Photographer of the Year.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> In 2020, he was the winner of a [[World Nature Photography Award]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mathews |first1=Anna |title=Malayali Thomas Vijayan Wins International Wildlife Photography Award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/malayali-thomas-vijayan-wins-international-wildlife-photography-award/articleshow/83204748.cms |work = [[The Times of India]] |date=3 June 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/pix-the-best-photos-from-the-world-nature-photography-awards/20210312.htm|title=The Best Photos from the World Nature Photography Awards|date=21 March 2021|access-date=4 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Awards==<br /> * PHOTO IS LIGHT – World Photography Contest 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Photo Is Light {{!}} Concurso Mundial de Fotografia {{!}} PIL2020 {{!}} NATURE {{!}} 1ST PLACE |url=https://photoislight.com/pil2020-nature-1st-place/ |website=Photo Is Light}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * World Nature Photographer of the Year Award 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Winners 2020 |url=https://www.worldnaturephotographyawards.com/winners-2020 |publisher = World Nature Photography Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Siena International Photo Awards]] 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Venturi |first1=Gabriele |title=Gallery {{!}} Siena International Photo Awards |url=https://sipacontest.com/gallery/photo/40271 |website=sipacontest.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *Moscow International Foto Awards (MIFA) 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Moscow 2020 Winners |url=https://www.moscowfotoawards.com/winners/moscow/2020/ | publisher = Moscow Foto Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Tokyo International Foto Awards (TIFA) 2020 in Gold Category&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=TOKYO-2019 Winners - Tokyo Foto Awards - Winners |url=https://www.tokyofotoawards.jp/winners/tokyo/2019/ |website=Tokyofotoawards.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tokyo International Foto Awards 2020 winners give us a stunning insight in the world around us |url=https://www.diyphotography.net/tokyo-international-foto-awards-2020-winners-give-us-a-stunning-insight-in-the-world-around-us/ |website=DIY Photography |date=29 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Windland Smith Rice]] Award 2019 for Nature's Best Photography&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nature's Best Photography Asia |url=https://naturesbestphotography.asia/en/gallery/gallery-2019 |website=naturesbestphotography.asia}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * First place in the [[Society of International Nature and Wildlife Photographers]] Bird Photographer of the Year 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bird Photography Competition |url=https://sinwp.com/bird/2019-1st.htm | publisher =[[Society of International Nature and Wildlife Photographers]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2017&lt;ref name='dc'/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, Thomas}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian photographers]]<br /> [[Category:Artists from Bengaluru]]<br /> [[Category:Indian expatriates in Canada]]<br /> [[Category:Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates]]<br /> [[Category:Indian wildlife photographers]]<br /> [[Category:People from Dubai]]<br /> [[Category:Photographers from Karnataka]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandsaur_tehsil&diff=515813 2025-11-09T20:35:10Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Added The Info W/ Infobox - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{Orphan|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{One source|date=August 2022}}<br /> }}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mandsaur tehsil<br /> |native_name =<br /> |native_name_lang =<br /> |settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]<br /> |image_skyline =<br /> |imagesize =<br /> |image_alt =<br /> |image_caption = <br /> | image =<br /> &lt;!-- maps and coordinates --&gt;<br /> |pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India<br /> |pushpin_label_position = right<br /> |pushpin_map_alt =<br /> |pushpin_mapsize =<br /> |pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|24.073392|N|75.068694|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> |coordinates_footnotes = &lt;!-- for references: use &lt;ref&gt; tags --&gt;<br /> |subdivision_type = Country<br /> |subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = Madhya Pradesh<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[mandsaur district]]<br /> |government_type = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Janpad Panchayat]]<br /> |governing_body = [[Council]]<br /> &lt;!-- area --&gt;<br /> |area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> |area_rural_footnotes = <br /> | area_rural_km2 =<br /> |area_rank =<br /> | area_blank1_title =<br /> | area_blank1_km2 =<br /> |area_note =<br /> |width_mi =<br /> |elevation_min_rank =<br /> &lt;!-- population --&gt;<br /> |population_as_of = <br /> |population_footnotes = <br /> |population_total =<br /> <br /> | population_density_km2 =<br /> |population_density_sq_mi=<br /> |population_urban_footnotes =<br /> |population_urban =<br /> | population_density_urban_km2 =<br /> |population_density_urban_sq_mi =<br /> |population_rural_footnotes =<br /> |population_rural =<br /> | population_density_rural_km2 =<br /> |population_density_rural_sq_mi =<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> &lt;!-- time zone(s) --&gt;<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> &lt;!-- postal codes, area code --&gt;<br /> |postal_code_type = Postal code (PIN)<br /> |postal_code = <br /> |area_code_type = &lt;!-- defaults to: Area code(s) --&gt;<br /> |area_code = <br /> | geocode =<br /> |registration_plate = <br /> &lt;!-- blank fields (section 1) --&gt;<br /> | blank_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank_info_sec1 = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 =<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = <br /> &lt;!-- blank fields (section 2) --&gt;<br /> | blank_name_sec2 =<br /> | blank_info_sec2 =<br /> &lt;!-- website, footnotes --&gt;<br /> | website = &lt;!-- {{URL|example.com}} --&gt;<br /> |iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|MP-IN]]<br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Mandsaur tehsil''' is a tehsil in [[Mandsaur district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is also a subdivision of the administrative and tax revenue division of ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011pop&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011 |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |publisher=censusindia.gov |access-date=20 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Tehsils of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Mandsaur district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-geo-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apad%C4%81na&diff=453311 2025-10-23T20:34:31Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: typo fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Collection of Buddhist biographical stories in the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Pāli Canon}}<br /> {{About|a collection of Apadanas(genre in Pali literature) in Pali Canon|the information about the genre itself|Avadana}}<br /> {{Infobox pali text|type=[[Pali Canon|Canonical text]]|parent=[[Khuddaka Nikāya]]|comment_by=Visuddhajanavilāsinī (Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā)|children=Therāpadāna; Therīapadāna|abbrev=Ap; Tha Ap; Thi Ap|composition=|sc=pitaka/sutta/minor/kn/tha-ap|sc_title=Tha-|sc_2=pitaka/sutta/minor/kn/thi-ap|sc_title_2=(Thi Ap)|sc_2_title=Thi-}}<br /> {{PaliCanon|sutta}}{{TheravadaBuddhism|terse=1}}<br /> The '''''Apadāna''''' is a collection of biographical stories found in the [[Khuddaka Nikaya]] of the [[Pali Canon|Pāli Canon]], the scriptures of [[Theravada]] Buddhism. G.P. Malalasekera describes it as 'a Buddhist Vitae Sanctorum' of Buddhist monks and nuns who lived during the lifetime of the Buddha.&lt;ref&gt;G.P. Malalasekera, ''Dictionary of Pali Proper Names''. Available at [http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/apadana.html].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is thought to be one of the latest additions to the canon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Oskar von Hinüber, ''Handbook of Pali Literature'', New Delhi 1996: 61.&lt;/ref&gt; The exact meaning of the title ''Apadāna'' is not known. Perhaps it means 'life history' or 'legend'. In [[Pāli]] it has the additional, older meaning of advice or moral instruction. Dr Sally Cutler has suggested the word originally meant 'reapings', i.e. of the results of karma.&lt;ref&gt;Cutler, Sally Mellick (1994). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150409152448/http://www.palitext.com/JPTS_scans/JPTS_1994_XX.pdf The Pali Apadana Collection], Journal of the Pali Text Society, volume XX&lt;/ref&gt; The title is sometimes translated as the ''Biographical Stories'', or simply as ''The Stories''.<br /> <br /> The ''Apadāna'' consists of about 600 poems (between 589&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and 603 in different editions), mostly biographical stories of senior Buddhist monks and nuns, but also of Buddhas and solitary Buddhas. Many of the stories of monks and nuns are expansions of, or otherwise related to, verses presented in the [[Theragatha]] and [[Therigatha]] as having been spoken by senior members of the early [[Sangha (Buddhism)|Sangha]]. The Apadāna is a parallel to the Jātaka commentary, in which the Buddha recounts his previous lives.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Most Apadāna stories follow a fairly predictable outline, in which the speaker recounts their meritorious deeds in previous births as ethical individuals in a variety of different circumstances in different parts of India, before finally recounting the story of their present birth and how they came to be disciples of the Buddha. These stories of the previous lives of famous and not so famous monks and nuns may have been meant to provide moral examples to lay followers who wished to live as [[Buddhist]]s but were unable or unwilling to undertake ordination as bhikkhus or bhikkhunis.<br /> <br /> The text is divided into four sections:<br /> <br /> * 1. Buddha-apadāna: A praise of the previous Buddhas and their Buddha fields (buddhakkhetta). 1 chapter of 82 verses (in the Burmese Sixth Council edition)<br /> * 2. Paccekabuddha-apadāna: Ānanda questions the Buddha about the enlightenment of solitary Buddhas (paccekabuddha). 1 chapter of 47 verses.<br /> * 3. Thera-apadāna: 55 chapters of 10 apadānas of senior monks. In total 547 verses. <br /> * 4. Therī-apadāna: 4 chapters of 10 apadānas of senior nuns. In total 40 verses.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Translations==<br /> A complete translation of the ''Apadāna'' into English has now been made by Jonathan S. Walters: ''Legends of the Buddhist Saints: Apadānapāli'' [http://apadanatranslation.org/], Whitman College, 2017.<br /> <br /> The following parts have also been translated into English.<br /> <br /> * Buddhapadāna (the 1st), tr. Dwijendralal Barua, in ''B.C. Law Volume'', Part II, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1946, pages 186–9. Available at [http://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Short-Pieces-in-English/Buddhapadana.pdf].<br /> * Mahapajāpati-gotami-theriyapadāna in Jonathan Walters ''Gotami's Story'' in ''Buddhism in Practice'', Donald S. Lopez Jr., Ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 1995. {{ISBN|0-691-04441-4}}.<br /> * Paccekabuddhapadāna (the 2nd), tr Ria Kloppenborg, in ''The Paccekabuddha'', E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1974<br /> * Raṭṭhapālapadāna, tr Mabel Bode, in &quot;The Legend of Raṭṭhapāla in the Pali Apadāna and Buddhaghosa's Commentary.&quot; In ''Melanges d'Indianisme: offerts par ses élèves à Sylvain Lévi'', Paris, 1911: 183–192. <br /> * Pubbakammapilotikabuddhapadāna, in ''The Udāna Commentary'', tr Peter Masefield, [[Pali Text Society]][http://www.palitext.com], Bristol, volume II.<br /> * Pubbakammapilotikabuddhapadāna, in ''Pubbakammapilotika-Buddhāpadānaṁ: The Traditions about the Buddha (known as) The Connection with Previous Deeds or Why the Buddha Suffered. A text and translation of the verses in Apadāna 39.10 and their commentary in Visuddhajanavilāsiṇī'' by Ānandajoti Bhikkhu, 2012. Available at [http://ancient-buddhist-texts.net/Texts-and-Translations/Connection-with-Previous-Deeds/index.htm].<br /> * Raṭṭhapālapadāna, tr Mabel Bode, in ''Mélanges d'Indianisme offerts par ses élèves à S. Lévi'', 1911, Paris. <br /> * 25 of the last 40 apadānas (of the nuns) are included in ''Commentary on Verses of Theris'', tr William Pruitt, 1998, Pali Text Society, Bristol.<br /> <br /> Italian translations:<br /> * Puṇṇakattherapadāna, tr Antonella Serena Comba in &quot;Santo, mercante e navigatore: la storia di Pūrṇa nel buddhismo indiano&quot;, in A. S. Comba, &quot;La storia di Pūrṇa&quot;, Lulu, Raleigh 2014, pp.&amp;nbsp;16–18.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Avadāna]] - broad cross-Buddhist-school Pali and Sanskrit literature including Apadāna-like material<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * Mellick, Sally. ''A critical edition, with translation, of selected portions of the Pali Apadana'', 1994, A2f, D.Phil., Oxford, 44–6. Unpublished Phd thesis.<br /> * Walters, Jonathan S. ''Gotami's Story'' in ''Buddhism in Practice'', Donald S. Lopez Jr., Ed. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 1995. {{ISBN|0-691-04441-4}}..<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/apadana.html Description in ''Dictionary of Pali Proper Names'']<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20050924084732/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/sutta/khuddaka/index.html Brief description of the Apadāna (#13)]<br /> *[http://apadanatranslation.com/ ApadanaTranslation.com] <br /> <br /> {{Buddhism topics}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Apadana}}<br /> [[Category:Khuddaka Nikaya]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhist hagiography]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_Park,_Jaipur&diff=494649 2025-10-02T23:14:25Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: added place!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Urban park in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox park<br /> | name = City Park, Jaipur<br /> | image = City Park Jaipur View.jpg<br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_alt = Night View of City Park Jaipur in July 2024<br /> | image_caption = Night View of City Park Jaipur in July 2024<br /> | map = India Jaipur##India Rajasthan<br /> | map_size = 300<br /> | type = [[Urban Park]]<br /> | location = Madhyam Marg, [[Mansarovar (Jaipur)|Mansarovar]], [[Jaipur]] <br /> | nearest_city = [[Jaipur]]<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|26|51|27|N|75|45|45|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | area = 52 [[acres]] <br /> | created = 2020-2022<br /> | Built = <br /> | operator = Rajasthan Housing Board <br /> | visitation_num = <br /> | parking = Parking availability <br /> | status = Open<br /> | designation = <br /> | open = 6:00 AM to 9:00 PM<br /> | publictransit = [[Jaipur City Transport Services Limited|Public Bus]] &amp; [[Jaipur Metro]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''City Park''' is a prominent [[urban park]] situated in [[Mansarovar (Jaipur)|Mansarovar]], [[Jaipur]], Rajasthan, India built by the Rajasthan Housing Board. The park was inaugurated in October 2022. The park spans over 52 [[acres]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=जयपुर के मानसरोवर में 52 एकड़ में बना 'सिटी पार्क' खुला |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jaipur/city-park-built-on-52-acres-in-mansarovar-jaipur-opened/articleshow/95020572.cms |website=Navbharat Times |date=21 October 2022 |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; and serves as a significant recreational and leisure destination for both [[locals]] and visitors.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=CM launches 52-acre Mansarovar City Park, takes dig at BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/cm-launches-52-acre-mansarovar-city-park-takes-dig-at-bjp/articleshow/95023103.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=20 July 2024 |date=22 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Rajasthan Housing Board adopts Japanese method to make Pink City green |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-housing-board-adopts-japanese-method-to-make-pink-city-green/articleshow/94959362.cms |work=Times of India |date=19 October 2022 |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> City Park is located in [[Mansarovar (Jaipur)|Mansarovar]], Jaipur's largest residential colony. It is easily accessible from various parts of the city.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=जयपुर मानसरोवर सिटी पार्क में लगेगा प्रवेश शुल्क, जानिए कितना होगा चार्ज |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/rajasthan/jaipur/jaipur-mansarovar-city-park-entry-fee-will-be-charged-know-how-much-will-be-charged/1602289 |website=Zee News |access-date=21 July 2024 |language=hi |date=11 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> <br /> The construction of City Park in Jaipur has been carried out by the Rajasthan Housing Board. Initially, the area was a [[Wrecking yard|junkyard]] of [[jaipur metro|Jaipur Metro]], which has now been transformed into a beautiful park. The first phase includes horticulture, civil work, jogging tracks, fountains, and two parking areas. The second phase will feature a fountain square and botanical garden. The total construction cost was around ₹120 crore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/jaipur/cm-to-inaugurate-city-park-developed-by-rhb-on-october-21 |title=CM to inaugurate City Park developed by RHB on October 21 |website=First India |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://rhb.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/raj/udh/organizations/rajasthan-housing-board/pdf/Tenders/NIT_NO.%2020_2022-23_ACE_III_2022-23_446_DATED_29.11.2022.PDF |title=NIT No. 20/2022-23 ACE III Dated 29.11.2022 |website=Rajasthan Housing Board |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> The park has a 3.5&amp;nbsp;km long jogging track. A notable feature of City Park is its collection of statues that showcase various art forms and cultural themes, adding to the park's aesthetic appeal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=जयपुर: सिटी पार्क के फेज-1 की तस्वीरें और वीडियो |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jaipur/news/jaipur-city-park-phase-1-photos-videos-ashok-gehlot-will-inaugurate-130430837.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |date=21 October 2022 |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rajasthan: Jaipur में कचरे के ढेर पर बना शानदार हाईटेक पार्क, वीडियो देख हो जाएंगे रोमांचित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/video/rajasthan/rajasthan-hitech-park-jaipur-mansarovar-city-park-video |website=Amar Ujala |date=21 February 2023 |access-date=21 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|City Park, Jaipur}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Parks in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:Tourist attractions in Jaipur]]<br /> [[Category:Urban public parks]]<br /> [[Category:Areas of Jaipur]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kagzi&diff=507372 2025-09-19T21:05:06Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new new entry!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Muslim community in India}}<br /> {{Unreferenced|date=May 2025}}<br /> The '''Kagzi''', also spelled '''Kagdi''', are a Muslim community{{Clarify|reason=Are they a tribe or caste? what makes them a distinct community among all the other Muslim communities in Gujarat and Maharashtra? is it their language or occupation that makes them distinct? Or something else that stands out?|date=September 2025}} found in the states of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] in India.{{cn|date=October 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian Muslim}}<br /> [[Category:Muslim communities of India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-ethno-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lako_Bodra&diff=511623 2025-08-29T22:56:31Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Added New Info Initial Version</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian leader, writer, and linguist (1919–1986)}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox writer &lt;!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox <br /> writer/doc]] --&gt;<br /> | name = Lako Bodra<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = Lako Bodra<br /> | pseudonym = Kol Lako Bodra<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1919|9|19}}<br /> | birth_place = Paseya, [[Khuntipani|Khutpani]], [[West Singhbhum]], [[Jharkhand]],<br /> [[India]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1986|6|29|1919|9|19}}<br /> | occupation = Poet, Writer, <br /> [[Playwright|Dramatist]]<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | subject = Writer &amp; Linguistic<br /> | movement = Language &amp; Linguistic Identity with Self determination<br /> | notableworks = {{hlist|Saraswati Gowari |Baha Buru-Bonga Buru |Kol Rule |Halang Halpung |Sahar Hora|Ela ol itu uta|Hora bara|Homoyom puti|Raghu bongsh|Pompo|Ho Bakna|Sishu Halang}}<br /> | website = {{URL|https://lakobodra.ipil.co.in}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Lako Bodra'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com:443/news/JHA-MAT-latest-chakradharpur-news-021503-460102-NOR.html|title=हो समाज ने लाको बोदरा की मनाई पुण्यतिथि- m.bhaskar.com|date=30 June 2016|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; ({{langx|hoc|𑢵 𑢫𑣃𑣜𑣃 𑢬𑣉𑣚 𑢺𑣁𑣌𑣉 𑢷𑣉𑣔𑣜𑣁}}; 19 September 1919 – 29 June 1986) is the creator of the [[Warang Chiti]] writing system used for writing the [[Ho language]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2012-10-01 |url=https://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/press-releases/india/2012/tata-steel-commemorates-the-birth-anniversary-of-pt-guru-kol-lako-bodra/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802005834/https://www.tatasteel.com/media/newsroom/press-releases/india/2012/tata-steel-commemorates-the-birth-anniversary-of-pt-guru-kol-lako-bodra/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |title=TATA STEEL COMMEMORATES THE BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF PT. GURU KOL LAKO BODRA|publisher=[[Tata Steel]] |location=Jamshedpur}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> <br /> Lako Bodra was born on 19 September 1919 in Paseya village, [[Khuntipani|Khutpani Block]], [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum]], [[Jharkhand]] to a humble and religious family of Lebeya and Jano Kui Bodra. He started his primary education at Badchom Hatu primary school. After completing his primary school he took admission in Purueya primary school. In Purueya he completed his 8th class then his parents sent him to his maternal uncle's home in [[Chakradharpur]]. In Chakradharpur, he was admitted to the Grammar High School in 9th class. After completing his 9th class he went to [[Chaibasa]] for further studies. He took admission in matriculation in District High School, Chaibasa. After completing matriculation there, he moved to [[Jalandhar]], [[Punjab]] with the help of Jaipal Singh for further education and attended Jalandhar city college where he graduated in [[Homeopathy]].<br /> <br /> ==Professional life and Warang Chiti==<br /> [[File:Warang Chiti.jpg|thumb|Chart of Warang Chiti.|alt=A chart with vowels, a chart with syllables and a chart with numerals.]]<br /> After completing his education he went back home. Then he got a job in [[Indian Railways]] as a clerk and was posted to [[Danguwapasi]]. During his job in railways he invented the Warang Chiti alphabet. For spreading it, he created Adi Samaj (Dupub Huda) in Jodapokhar, [[Jhinkpani]] by help of Mr. Mahati Bandara. Adi Samaj meetings were held in a house in the ACC cement plant colony in Jhinkpani. Near by village people came to the Adi Samaj to become literate in Warang Chiti.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> ==Official Website==<br /> &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://lakobodra.ipil.co.in|title=www.lakobodra.ipil.co.in|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bodra, Lako}}<br /> [[Category:Munda people]]<br /> [[Category:1919 births]]<br /> [[Category:1986 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Adivasi writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Jharkhand]]<br /> [[Category:Creators of writing systems]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nagnathwadi&diff=519955 2025-08-19T07:03:13Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Added New Entry Nd Citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | official_name = Nagnathwadi<br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | pushpin_map = India Maharashtra<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|17.76912|N|74.29826|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Taluka<br /> | subdivision_type4 = Taluka H.Q.<br /> | subdivision_type5 = Nearest Town/Village<br /> | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Maharashtra Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Satara district|Satara]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Khatav<br /> | subdivision_name4 = [[Vaduj]]<br /> | subdivision_name5 = [[Lalgun]]<br /> | governing_body = '''Gram Panchayat'''<br /> | population_total = 788&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nagnathwadi population |title=District Census Handbook Satara, Census of India 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/828/download/36180/DH_2011_2731_PART_A_DCHB_SATARA.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Census Operation Maharashtra, Govt. of India |access-date=4 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = Pin Code<br /> | postal_code = 415503<br /> | area_code = 02375<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone Code<br /> | registration_plate = MH-11<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | image_skyline = Shree Nagnath Temple.jpg<br /> | image_caption = Shri Nagnatha Temple, Nagnathwadi<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Nagnathwadi''' is a village near to [[Lalgun]] in [[Satara district]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sravana Bhadrapada | year=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FO8_AAAAMAAJ&amp;q=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3 |access-date=4 April 2023 |publisher=Maharashtra Rajya Loksahitya Samiti}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is known for the Lord Nagnatha Temple located on bank of [[Yerla River|Yerla]] river.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> During the time of Quit India Movement, a Parallel government (called Prati-Sarkar in Marathi) was formed in 1943 under the leadership of [[Nana Patil|Krantisinh Nana Patil]] to fight against British rule. Many freedom fighters from [[Satara district|Satara]] district had actively participated in the Prati-Sarkar movement. Ganpa Martanda Tambe alias Mali from Nagnathwadi was also involved in the Parallel Government Movement to fight against British rule.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nagnathwadi contribution in Quit India Movement |title=The Parallel Government of Satara: A Phase of the Quit India Movement 1943 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q6FHAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=nagnathwadi |publisher=Allied Publishers |access-date=6 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Nagnathwadi is situated on the bank of [[Yerla River|Yerla]] river and Ner dam is very close to its border.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Yerla river, Nagnathwadi |title=Techno-Societal 2016 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3goDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=nagnathwadi&amp;pg=PA49 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |access-date=6 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Shri Nagnatha Temple ==<br /> Nagnathwadi is well known for Lord Nagnatha Temple, dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]] and Nag devtas. The Shivlinga in the temple is in water 31 feet deep from ground.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Shivlinga Nagnathwadi |url=https://www.esakal.com/image-story/shravan-2022-visit-mahadev-temples-in-satara-oj05/image-4 |access-date=4 April 2023 |publisher=Sakal Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagnath Yatra fair held every year in the month of [[Shravana (month)|Shravana]] in the Hindu calendar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nagnath Yatra, Nagnathwadi |url=https://www.lokmat.com/satara/period-serpentine-practice-year/ |access-date=4 April 2023 |publisher=Lokmat Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=लाखो भाविकांचे श्रद्धास्थान: नागनाथवाडीचे शिवमंदिर |url=https://www.esakal.com/culture-and-religion/keshav-kachare-writes-nagnathwadi-shivmandir-pjp78 |access-date=19 August 2025 |publisher=Sakal News |date=4 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> File:Shree Nagnath Mandir Mahadwar.jpg|Shri Nagnatha Temple Mahadwar, Nagnathwadi<br /> File:Nagarkhana Nagnath Temple Nagnathwadi.jpg|Nagarkhana- Shri Nagnatha Temple, Nagnathwadi<br /> File:Yerla river next to Shri Nagnatha Temple, Nagnathwadi.jpg|[[Yerla River|Yerla river]] next to Shri Naganatha Temple, Nagnathwadi<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Satara district]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bholuwala,_Faridkot&diff=491266 2025-08-13T21:47:59Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new a stub needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Village in Punjab, India}}<br /> {{one source|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Bholuwala<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|30.723449|N|74.778260|E|display=inline,title|format=dms}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = [[India]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Faridkot district]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = Gram Panchayat<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 1067<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 151203<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> | official_name = ਭੋਲੂਵਾਲਾ<br /> }}<br /> '''Bholuwala''' is a village in [[Faridkot district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Bholuwala's population was 1,067, with 552 males and 515 females.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bholuwala Village Population - Faridkot - Faridkot, Punjab |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/35555-bholuwala-punjab.html |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{improve categories|date=February 2025}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Faridkot district]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{PunjabIN-geo-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Highway_522_(India)&diff=462468 2025-05-14T14:18:47Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: small changes</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|National highway in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br /> {{infobox road<br /> |country=IND<br /> |type=NH<br /> |route= 522<br /> |map=National Highway 100 (India).png<br /> |map_notes=NH 522 in solid blue colour<br /> |length_km=119<br /> |direction_a=<br /> |direction_b=<br /> |terminus_a= [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]]<br /> |terminus_b= [[Bagodar]]<br /> |previous_type=NH<br /> |next_type=NH<br /> |previous_route=22<br /> |next_route =523<br /> |states= [[Jharkhand]]<br /> |destinations= [[Hazaribagh]]<br /> |direction= <br /> |junction=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''National Highway 522''' ('''NH 522''') (previously '''NH 100''') is a [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in India. This highway runs entirely in the state of Jharkhand.&lt;ref name=&quot;renumber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002823/http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Highways in India}}<br /> {{IND NH22 sr}}<br /> {{National and State Highways in Jharkhand}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:National highways of India]]<br /> [[Category:National highways in Jharkhand]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madurai%E2%80%93Chennai_Egmore_Express&diff=514597 2025-04-25T05:54:36Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: Added Initial Stub Needs Work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Short description|Train in India}}<br /> {{Infobox rail service<br /> | name = Madurai–Tambaram Superfast Express<br /> | image = Ministry of Railways India.svg<br /> | caption =<br /> | type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]<br /> | first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|04|24}}<br /> | last =<br /> | operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]<br /> | ridership =<br /> | start = {{stnlnk|Madurai}} (MDU)<br /> | stops = 8<br /> | end = {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} (TBM)<br /> | distance = {{convert|533|km|0|abbr=on}}<br /> | journeytime = 9 hours 35 minutes <br /> | frequency = Bi-weekly<br /> | class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved <br /> | seating = Yes<br /> | sleeping = Yes<br /> | autorack =<br /> | catering = E-catering<br /> | observation = Large windows <br /> | entertainment =<br /> | baggage = No<br /> | otherfacilities = Below the seats <br /> | stock = [[LHB coach]]<br /> | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}<br /> | el =<br /> | trainnumber = 22623 / 22624<br /> | speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.<br /> | map = <br /> | map_state =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The 22623 / 22624 '''Madurai–Tambaram Superfast Express''' or '''Mahal Superfast Express''' is a [[Superfast Express trains in India|superfast express]] train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[Southern Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Madurai Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} in India.<br /> <br /> It operates as train number 22624 from Madurai Junction to Chennai Egmore and as train number 22623 in the reverse direction, serving the state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It shares its rakes with 12651/12652 [[Tamil Nadu Sampark Kranti Express]]. From April 2021, it runs with brand new LHB rakes.<br /> <br /> ==Coaches==<br /> <br /> The 22624 / 23 Mahal Superfast Express presently has <br /> * 1 AC 2 tier<br /> * 2 AC 3 tier <br /> * 8 Sleeper class <br /> * 4 General Unreserved<br /> * 2 EOG (End-On Generator)<br /> <br /> As with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.<br /> <br /> ==Timings==<br /> <br /> *22624 Madurai Junction–Chennai Egmore Superfast Express departs Madurai Junction every Thursday &amp; Saturday at 20.50 and reaches Chennai Egmore at 06.55 the next day.<br /> *In return, 22623 Chennai Egmore–Madurai Junction leaves Chennai Egmore every Friday &amp; Sunday at 22.05 and reaches Madurai Junction at 08.10 the next day.<br /> <br /> ==Routeing==<br /> <br /> The 22624 / 23 Mahal Superfast Express runs from {{stnlnk|Madurai Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Tiruchirappalli Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Thanjavur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Kumbakonam}}, {{stnlnk|Mayiladuthurai Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Chennai Egmore}}.<br /> <br /> ==Traction==<br /> <br /> As the route is electrified, it is hauled end-to-end by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/10/stories/2010051057750600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519023007/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/10/stories/2010051057750600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2010-05-19|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Tamil Nadu / Tiruchi News : New Chennai Egmore–Madurai biweekly train disappoints users|date=2010-05-10|access-date=2014-05-30}}<br /> *{{cite web|url=http://indianrailways.informe.com/forum/chennai-madurai-bi-weekly-express-via-mayiladuthurai-dt921-60.html|title=IR Southern Zone – Discussion :: Chennai–Madurai Bi-Weekly Express Via Mayiladuthurai|publisher=indianrailways.informe.com|access-date=2014-05-30}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> {{Railways in Southern India}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Madurai-Chennai Egmore Express}}<br /> [[Category:Transport in Madurai]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:Express trains in India]]<br /> [[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harikant_Ahluwalia&diff=502162 2025-03-09T13:28:47Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: new a biography!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Harikant Ahluwalia<br /> | office = [[Mayor]] of the [[Meerut Municipal Corporation]]<br /> | party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]<br /> | term_start = 2023<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Harikant Ahluwalia''' is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]] who represented the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the recent [[Meerut Municipal Corporation]] election. He is elected as the Mayor of [[Meerut]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Meerut Mayor Election Result 2023 - BJP's Harikant Ahluwalia elected Mayor of Meerut |url=https://www.etnownews.com/news/live-meerut-mayor-election-result-2023-counting-news-online-latest-updates-winners-losers-votes-count-harikant-ahluwalia-of-bjp-seema-pradhan-samajwadi-party-liveblog-100200535 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=ET NOW |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=मेरठ में बीजेपी के महापौर प्रत्याशी हरिकांत अहलूवालिया की भारी मतों से जीत |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttar-pradesh/state/meerut/harikant-ahluwalia-bjps-mayor-candidate-in-meerut-close-to-victory-said-full-focus-will-be-on-development/up20230513173823956956221 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=ETV Bharat News |date=13 May 2023 |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ahluwalia, Harikant}}<br /> [[Category:Mayors of places in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century mayors of places in India]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Meerut]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{UttarPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}<br /> {{India-mayor-stub}}</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protestantism_in_India&diff=471822 2025-02-26T10:24:54Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: enhance structure for clarity and added references after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=July 2020}}<br /> '''Protestants in India''' are a minority and a sub-section of [[Christians in India]] and also to a certain extent the [[Christians in Pakistan]] before the [[Partition of India]], that adhere to some or all of the doctrines of [[Protestantism]]. Protestants in India are a small minority in a predominantly [[Hindu]] majority country, but form majorities in the north-eastern states of [[Meghalaya]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Nagaland]]. They are also significant minorities in [[Punjab region]], [[Konkan region]], [[Bengal]], [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]], with various communities in east coast and northern states. Protestants can trace their origins back to the [[Protestant Revolution of the 16th century]]. There are an estimated 20 million Protestants and 16 million Pentecostals in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hunt 2015 p. 68&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last=Hunt | first=S.J. | title=Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society | publisher=Brill | series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion | year=2015 | isbn=978-90-04-29102-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gH-9BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68 | access-date=2023-08-05 | page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> ===Colonial India===<br /> [[File:St. Paul's Cathedral - Calcutta (Kolkata) - 1865.jpg|thumb|250px|[[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata|St. Paul's Cathedral]] was built in 1847 and served as the [[Cathedra|chair]] of the Bishop of Calcutta, who served as the [[Metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] of the [[Church of India, Burma and Ceylon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchanan2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Buchanan|first=Colin|title=Historical Dictionary of Anglicanism&lt;!--|access-date=8 February 2018--&gt;|date=22 October 2015|publisher=[[Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers]]|language=en|isbn=9781442250161|page=117}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> As the [[Church of England|Anglican Church]] was the [[established church]] of England, &quot;it had an impact on India with the arrival of the British&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Roshen|title=The Religions of India&lt;!--|access-date=7 February 2018--&gt;|date=18 April 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|language=en|isbn=9788184753967|page=177}}&lt;/ref&gt; Citing the [[Great Commission]], [[Joseph White (orientalist)|Joseph White]], a [[Laudian Professor of Arabic]] at the University of Oxford, &quot;preached before the university in 1784 on the duty of promoting the universal and progressive message of Christianity 'among our Mahometan and Gentoo Subjects in India'.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marriott2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Marriott|first=John|title=The Other Empire: Metropolis, India and Progress in the Colonial Imagination&lt;!--|access-date=7 February 2018--&gt;|date=19 July 2013|publisher=[[Manchester University Press]]|language=en|isbn=9781847795397|page=107}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1889, the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of Great Britain]], [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] expressed similar sentiments, stating that &quot;It is not only our duty but is in our interest to promote the diffusion of Christianity as far as possible throughout the length and breadth of India.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kanjamala2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Kanjamala|first=Augustine|title=The Future of Christian Mission in India&lt;!--|access-date=7 February 2018--&gt;|date=21 August 2014|publisher=[[Wipf and Stock Publishers]]|language=en|isbn=9781620323151|pages=117–119}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The growth of the [[British Indian Army]] led to the arrival of many [[Anglican]] chaplains in India.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tovey2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Tovey|first=Phillip|title=Anglican Baptismal Liturgies&lt;!--|access-date=7 February 2018--&gt;|date=30 August 2017|publisher=Canterbury Press|language=en|isbn=9781786220202|page=197|quote=The growth of the army in India also led to many army chaplains. After the change in the Charter in 1813, Anglican missionaries began to work across North India. The missionaries translated the Book of Common Prayer into various Indian languages. The first Anglican diocese was Calcutta in 1813, and bishops from India were at the first Lambeth conference. In 1930 the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon became an independent Province and created its own Book of Common Prayer, which was translated into several languages.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following the arrival of the Church of England's [[Church Mission Society]] in 1814, the [[Diocese of Calcutta of the Church of North India|Diocese of Calcutta]] of the [[Church of India, Burma and Ceylon]] (CIBC) was erected, with its [[St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata|St. Paul's Cathedral]] being built in 1847.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2014&quot;/&gt; By 1930, the Church of India, Burma and Ceylon had fourteen [[diocese]]s across the Indian Empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;BCC1940&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=The Indian Year Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UScWAQAAMAAJ|year=1940|publisher=Bennett, Coleman &amp; Company|language=en |page=455|quote=The three dioceses thus formed have been repeatedly subdivided, until in 1930 there were fourteen dioceses, the dates of their creation being as follows : Calcutta 1814; Madras 1835; Bombay 1837; Colombo 1845; Lahore 1877; Rangoon 1877; Travancore 1879; Chota Nagpur 1890; Lucknow 1893; Tinnevelly 1896; Nagpur 1903; Dornakal 1912; Assam 1915; Nasik 1929.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Missionaries from other [[Christian denominations]] came to British India as well; [[Lutheran]] missionaries, for example, arrived in Calcutta in 1836 and by &quot;the year 1880 there were over 31,200 Lutheran Christians spread out in 1,052 villages&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kanjamala2014&quot;/&gt; [[Methodists]] began arriving in India in 1783 and established [[Christian mission|missions]] with a focus on &quot;education, health ministry, and evangelism&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;AbrahamKirby2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Abraham|first1=William J.|last2=Kirby|first2=James E.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies&lt;!--|access-date=7 February 2018--&gt; |date=24 September 2009|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|language=en |isbn=9780191607431|page=93}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jr2014&quot;/&gt; In the 1790s, Christians from the [[London Missionary Society]] and [[Baptist Missionary Society]], began doing missionary work in the Indian Empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;FrykenbergLow2003&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Frykenberg|first1=Robert Eric|last2=Low|first2=Alaine M.|title=Christians and Missionaries in India: Cross-cultural Communication Since 1500, with Special Reference to Caste, Conversion, and Colonialism|year=2003|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|language=en |isbn=9780802839565|page=127}}&lt;/ref&gt; In [[Neyyoor|Neyoor]], the London Missionary Society Hospital &quot;pioneered improvements in the public health system for the treatment of diseases even before organized attempts were made by the colonial Madras Presidency, reducing the death rate substantially&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;LucykLoewenau2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Lucyk|first1=Kelsey|last2=Loewenau|first2=Aleksandra|last3=Stahnisch|first3=Frank W.|title=The Proceedings of the 21st Annual History of Medicine Days Conference 2012|date=6 January 2017|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|language=en|isbn=9781443869287|page=237}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After 1857, the establishment of schools and hospitals by British Christian missionaries became the &quot;a pivotal feature of missionary work and the principal vehicles for conversion&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CraneMohanram2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Crane|first1=Ralph|last2=Mohanram|first2=Radhika|title=Imperialism as Diaspora: Race, Sexuality, and History in Anglo-India|date=31 August 2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en |isbn=9781781385630|page=86}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jr2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Yrigoyen|first=Charles Jr.|title=T&amp;T Clark Companion to Methodism|date=25 September 2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|language=en |isbn=9780567662460|page=400}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Christ Church College, Kanpur|Christ Church College]] (1866) and [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] (1881) are two examples of prominent church-affiliated educational institutions founded during the colonial period India.&lt;ref name=&quot;CarpenterGlanzer2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Carpenter|first1=Joel|last2=Glanzer|first2=Perry L.|last3=Lantinga|first3=Nicholas S.|title=Christian Higher Education|date=7 March 2014|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|language=en|isbn=9781467440394|page=103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Within educational institutions established during the British Raj in India, Christian texts, especially the [[Christian Bible|Bible]], were a part of the curricula.&lt;ref name=&quot;CraneMohanram2013&quot;/&gt; During the colonial era in India, Christian missionaries developed writing systems for Indian languages that previously did not have one.&lt;ref name=&quot;AKanjamala2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Kanjamala|first=Augustine|title=The Future of Christian Mission in India|date=21 August 2014|publisher=[[Wipf and Stock Publishers]]|language=en|isbn=9781630874858|page=120}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bhaṭṭācāryya1969&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Bhaṭṭācāryya|first=Haridāsa|title=The Cultural Heritage of India|year=1969|publisher=[[Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture]]|language=en|isbn=9780802849007|page=60}}&lt;/ref&gt; Christian missionaries in India also worked to increase literacy and also engaged in social activism, such as fighting against prostitution, championing the right of widowed women to remarry, and trying to stop early marriages for women.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mullin2014&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Mullin|first=Robert Bruce|title=A Short World History of Christianity|date=12 November 2014|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|language=en|isbn=9781611645514|page=231}}&lt;/ref&gt; Among British women, [[zenana missions]] became a popular method to win [[conversion to Christianity|converts to Christianity]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CraneMohanram2013&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[colonial India]], the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] (AICIC) played an important role in the [[Indian independence movement]], advocating for [[swaraj]] and [[opposition to the partition of India|opposing the partition of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas1974&quot;/&gt; The AICIC also was opposed to separate electorates for Christians, believing that the faithful &quot;should participate as common citizens in one common, national political system&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas1974&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Abraham Vazhayil |title=Christians in Secular India |date=1974 |publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press |isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3 |pages=106–110 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oddie2001&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Oddie |first1=Geoffrey A. |title=Indian Christians and National Identity 1870-1947 |journal=The Journal of Religious History |date=2001 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=357, 361|doi=10.1111/1467-9809.00138 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The All India Conference of Indian Christians and the [[All India Catholic Union]] formed a working committee with M. Rahnasamy of [[Andhra University]] serving as president and B.L. Rallia Ram of [[Lahore]] serving as General Secretary; in its meeting on 16 April 1947 and 17 April 1947, the joint committee prepared a 13-point memorandum that was sent to the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], which asked for [[religious freedom]] for both organisations and individuals; this came to be reflected in the [[Constitution of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas1974&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Oddie2001&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Independent India===<br /> {{unreferenced section|date=December 2019}}<br /> Many Protestant denominations are represented in India, the result of missionary activities throughout the country especially under [[British Raj|British rule in India]]. The largest Protestant denomination in the country is the [[Church of South India]], since 1947 a union of [[Presbyterian]], [[Reformed church|Reformed]], [[Congregational]], [[Methodist]], and [[Anglican]] [[wikt:congregation|congregation]]s with approximately 4 million members as of 2014. The broadly similar [[Church of North India]] had 1 million members. (Both churches are in full communion with the [[Anglican Communion]].) There were about 1.3 million Lutherans, 473,000 Methodists, and 425,000 Baptists as of 1995.<br /> <br /> Pentecostalism, one of the largest Protestant denominations worldwide, is also a rapidly growing denomination in India. It is spreading greatly in [[northern India]] and the southwestern areas, such as [[Kerala]]. The largest indigenous Pentecostal denominations in India are [[The Pentecostal Mission]] (TPM) and the [[India Pentecostal Church of God]] (IPC).<br /> <br /> As for the smaller denominations, another prominent group is the Brethren. They include [[Plymouth Brethren]], [[Indian Brethren]], [[Kerala Brethren]] etc. The [[Conference of the Mennonite Brethren Churches in India]] has more than 100,000 members.<br /> <br /> One of the oldest denominations meanwhile is the [[Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church]].<br /> <br /> == Notable missionaries ==<br /> Protestant [[missionaries]] began to work throughout [[India]], leading to the growth of different Christian communities. In 1793, [[William Carey (missionary)|William Carey]], an English Baptist Minister, came to India as a missionary. He worked in [[Serampore]], [[Calcutta]] and other cities founding churches. On the educational front, in addition to starting the [[Serampore College]], he also translated the Bible into [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[Sanskrit]], continuing with these labours until his death in 1834.[[Anthony Norris Groves]], [[Plymouth Brethren]] missionary came to India in 1833. He worked in the [[Godavari River|Godavari delta]] area of then [[Madras Presidency]], until his death in 1852.<br /> <br /> Missionaries such as [[Amy Carmichael]], [[Ida S. Scudder]] and [[Joyce M. Woollard]] continued the work in the 20th century.<br /> <br /> ==21st century==<br /> According to the 2015 India Demographic and Health Survey, 2.6% of the population is Christian.&lt;ref name=US2022&gt;[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/india US State Dept 2022 report]&lt;/ref&gt; Other reports stated that Catholics make up 1.71% of the population, suggesting that less than 0.9% of the country has a Protestant background.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/india Catholics And Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A report in 2021 noted that many Indian Christians share Hindu beliefs, in particular in karma (54%), and reincarnation (29%);&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/07/12/8-key-findings-about-christians-in-india/ Pew Research website, article dated July 12, 2021]&lt;/ref&gt; it also noted that three-quarters of Indian Christians come from a lower-caste background.<br /> <br /> == Protestant Churches in India ==<br /> {{Christianity in India sidebar}}<br /> * [[Assemblies of God in India]]<br /> *[[Ao Baptist Arogo Mungdang]] (Ao Baptist Churches Convention)<br /> *[[Apatani Christian Fellowship]]<br /> *[[Assam Baptist Convention]]<br /> *[[Baptist Christian Association]]<br /> *[[Baptist Church of Mizoram]]<br /> *[[Baptist Union of North India]]<br /> *[[Basel Mission]]<br /> *[[Bengal Baptist Fellowship]]<br /> *[[Bengal Orissa Bihar Baptist Convention]]. <br /> *[[Congregational Church in India]]<br /> *[[Church of North India]]<br /> *[[Church of South India]]<br /> *[[Evangelical Baptist Convention of India]]<br /> *[[Evangelical Church of Maraland]]. <br /> *[[Garo Baptist Convention]]<br /> *[[Gospel Association of India]]<br /> *[[Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam]]<br /> *[[India Association of General Baptists]]<br /> *[[India Evangelical Lutheran Church]] IELC<br /> *[[Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church]]<br /> *[[Evangelical Church of India]]<br /> *[[Karbi Anglong Baptist Convention]]<br /> *[[Karnataka Baptist Convention]]<br /> *Lower Assam Baptist Union<br /> *[[Maharashtra Baptist Society]]<br /> *[[Manipur Baptist Convention]]<br /> *[[Mao Baptist Church]]<br /> *Mennonite Brethren Church India <br /> *[[Nagaland Baptist Church Council]]<br /> *[[North Bank Baptist Christian Association]]<br /> *[[North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church]]<br /> *[[Orissa Baptist Evangelical Crusade]]<br /> *[[Poumai Baptist Church]]<br /> *[[Presbyterian Church in India]]<br /> *[[Presbyterian Church in India (Reformed)]]<br /> *[[Presbyterian Free Church of Central India]]<br /> *[[Rabha Baptist Church Union]]<br /> *[[Reformed Presbyterian Church of India]]<br /> *[[Reformed Presbyterian Church North East India]]<br /> *[[Presbyterian Church of South India]]<br /> *[[Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches]]<br /> *[[Separate Baptists in Christ]]<br /> *[[Sumi Baptist Church]]<br /> *[[Southern Asia Division of Seventh-day Adventists]]<br /> *[[Seventh Day Baptist|Seventh Day Baptist Church]]<br /> *[[The Pentecostal Mission]] (formerly [[Ceylon Pentecostal Mission]])<br /> *[[Mar Thoma Church]]<br /> *[[Tamil Baptist Churches]]<br /> *Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church<br /> *Tirunelveli C.M.S. Evangelical Church<br /> *[[Tripura Baptist Christian Union]]<br /> *[[United Church of Northern India - Presbyterian Synod]]<br /> *[[Indian Pentecostal Church of God]]<br /> <br /> Source of the list: World Christian Encyclopedia.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[History of Pentecostalism in India]]<br /> *[[Religion in India]]<br /> *[[Christianity in India]]<br /> *[[Baptists in India]]<br /> *[[Anglicans in India]]<br /> *[[Seventh-day Adventist Church in India]]<br /> *[[List of Protestant missionaries in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Asia topic|Protestantism in}}<br /> {{Churches in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Protestantism in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:Protestantism by country|India]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharapuram_(SC)_(State_Assembly_Constituency)&diff=496705 2024-08-19T00:04:13Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: redirect created</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Dharapuram Assembly constituency]]</div>

DenaDelamothe53 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalahandi_University&diff=454836 2024-04-19T10:13:59Z

<p>DenaDelamothe53: added info</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Maa Manikeshwari University]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

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