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Vinod Kumar Alva

2026-05-05T16:49:08Z

DelorisQha: made new biography

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1963)}}
{{other people|Vinod Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Vinod Kumar Alva
| image =
| alt = Vinod Alva
| caption =
| birth_name = Vinod Kumar Alva
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1963|04|01}}
| birth_place = [[Mangalore]], [[Mysore State]] (Now [[Karnataka]]), India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1984–present
}}

'''Vinod Kumar Alva''' (born 1 April 1963) is an Indian actor who has worked predominantly in [[Telugu cinema]] and appeared in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior Actor Vinod Kumar Shocking Comments on Hero Sai Kumar {{!}} హీరో సాయి కుమార్ ను కొడదామనుకున్నా..: వినోద్‌ కుమార్‌ News in Telugu |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/senior-actor-vinod-kumar-shocking-comments-on-hero-sai-kumar-56202/amp |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> He is known as '''Vinod Kumar''' in Telugu film industry. He hails from [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] in [[Dakshina Kannada]] district of [[Karnataka]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-south-indian-actor-vinod-kumar-arrested-in-attempted-murder-case-2146420|title=South Indian actor Vinod Kumar arrested in attempted murder case|publisher=DNA, English Newspaper|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref> He is known for his roles in Telugu films like ''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]'' (1990), ''[[Seetharatnam Gari Abbayi]]'' (1992) and ''[[Police Brothers]]'' (1994).

==Filmography==
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}

=== Telugu ===
* ''Mayadari Mogudu'' (1984)
* ''Bharatha Naari'' (1989)
* ''[[Mouna Poratam]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Adavilo Abhimanyudu]]'' (1989)
* ''Neti Dowrjanyam'' (1990)
* ''Navayugam'' (1990)
* ''Judgement'' (1990)
* ''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]'' (1990)
* ''Raktha Jwala'' (1990)
* ''[[Mamagaru]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Bharat Bandh]]'' (1991)
* ''Niyantha'' (1991)
* ''Manchi Roju'' (1991)
* ''Samarpana'' (1992)
* ''Gangwar'' (1992)
* ''[[Seetharatnam Gari Abbayi]]'' (1992)
* ''Attasommu Alludu Danam'' (1992)
* ''Bangaru Mama'' (1992)
* ''Champion'' (1992)
* ''Khaidi Pratap'' (1992)
* ''Attaku Koduku Mamaku Alludu'' (1993)
* ''Prema Samaram'' (1993)
* ''Rajadhani'' (1993)
* ''Shabhash Ramu'' (1993)
* ''Mogudu Garu'' (1993)
* ''Srivari Priyuralu'' (1994)
* ''O Tandri O Koduku'' (1994)
* ''[[Police Brothers]]'' (1994)
* ''Police Lockup'' (1994)
* ''Mayadari Kutumbam'' (1995)
* ''Lady Boss'' (1995)
* ''Amma Naa Kodala'' (1995)
* ''Tata Manavadu'' (1996)
* ''Bobbili Bullodu'' (1996)
* ''Prema Prayanam'' (1996)
* ''Amma Ammani Choodalani Undi'' (1996)
* ''[[Rayudugaru Nayudugaru]]'' (1996)
* ''Veerudu'' (1996)
* ''Vammo Vatto O Pellaamo'' (1997)
* ''Panjaram'' (1997)
* ''[[Bharata Ratna]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Maa Balaji]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Sambayya (film)|Sambayya]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Prema Sandadi]]'' (2001)
* ''Anna Sainyam'' (2001)
* ''Bharat Ratna'' (2002)
* ''Prema Donga'' (2002)
* ''[[Shanti Sandesham]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Asadhyudu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Samanyudu]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Gopi – Goda Meeda Pilli]]'' (2006)
* ''Maharajashri'' (2007)
* ''[[Toss (2007 film)|Toss]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Donga Sachinollu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Deepavali (2008 film)|Deepavali]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Kalidasu]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Punnami Naagu (2009 film)|Punnami Naagu]]'' (2009)
* ''18, 20 Love Story'' (2009)
* ''Samarthudu'' (2009)
* ''Bhageerathudu'' (2010)
* ''[[Sakthi (2011 film)|Sakthi]]'' (2011) as Prachanda
* ''Babloo'' (2011)
* ''[[Cricket Girls & Beer]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Srimannarayana]]'' (2012)
* ''Mahankali'' (2013)
* ''[[Potugadu]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Chandee]]'' (2013)
* ''Adavi Kaachina Vennela '' (2014)
* ''[[Rudhramadevi (film)|Rudhramadevi]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Red Alert (2015 film)|Red Alert]]'' (2015)
* ''Sati Timmamamba'' (2016)
* ''Pidugu'' (2016)
* ''[[Yuddham Sharanam]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Jayadev (film)|Jayadev]]'' (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/jayadev/movie-review/59386105.cms|title=Jayadev Movie Review|date=30 June 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]|first=Sridhar|last=Adivi|access-date=30 April 2026|archive-date=1 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701215926/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/jayadev/movie-review/59386105.cms}}</ref>
* ''[[Yatra (2019 film)|Yatra]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Katha Kanchiki Manam Intiki]]'' (2022)
* ''Dharmasthali'' (2022)
* ''[[Raajadhani Files]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Aay (film)|Aay]]'' (2024)
* ''[[Krishna Leela (2025 film)|Krishna Leela]]'' (2025)
* ''[[Son Of]]'' (2026)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=Son Of Review: సన్ ఆఫ్ రివ్యూ- తండ్రిపై కొడుకు కేసు- కట్టి పడేసే ఫాదర్ సన్ ఎమోషన్- ఫ్యామిలీ డ్రామా మూవీ ఎలా సాగిందంటే? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/telugu/entertainment/son-of-movie-review-in-telugu-and-rating-sai-simhadri-vinod-kumar-father-son-emotional-drama-son-of-explained-261772250325952.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=te}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Kannada ===
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* ''Thavaru Mane'' (1986)
* ''Namma Ooru Devathe'' (1986)
* ''Thaliya Aane'' (1987)
* ''Bhoomi Thayane'' (1988)
* ''Dharma Pathni'' (1988)
* ''Sahasa Veera'' (1988)
* ''Thayi Karulu'' (1988)
* ''Thayiya Aase'' (1988)
* ''Krishna Mechida Radhe'' (1988)
* ''[[Madhuri (1989 film)|Madhuri]]'' (1989)
* ''Bala Hombale'' (1989)
* ''Hosa Kavya'' (1989)
* ''Maha Yuddha'' (1989)
* ''Singari Bangari'' (1989)
* ''Thaligaagi'' (1989)
* ''Kadina Veera'' (1990)
* ''Amar Akbar Anthony'' (1998)
* ''Mafia'' (2001)
* ''[[Neelambari (2001 film)|Neelambari]]'' (2001)
* ''Kullara Loka'' (2002)
* ''Police Dog'' (2002)
* ''Punjabi House'' (2002)
* ''Thrishakthi'' (2002)
* ''Thalwar'' (2003)
* ''Border'' (2003)
* ''[[Shri Kalikamba]]'' (2003)
* ''Pandava'' (2004)...Prakash
* ''Yaake'' (2005)
* ''Gadipar'' (2005)
* ''Onti Mane'' (2010)
* ''[[Power (2014 Kannada film)|Power]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Red Alert (2015 film)|Red Alert]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Bairagee]]'' (2022)
* ''[[Kaatera]]'' (2023)
{{div col end}}

=== Tamil===
* ''[[Nyayangal Jayikkattum]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Hero (1994 film)|Hero]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Game (2002 film)|Game]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Ji (film)|Ji]]'' (2005)

=== Malayalam===
* ''Aalilakkuruvikal'' (1988)
* ''[[Red Alert (2015 film)|High Alert]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Sathya (2017 Malayalam film)|Sathya]]'' (2017)

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
|-
| 2022 || ''[[9 Hours]]'' || Viswanath ||[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
|}

==Awards==
*1991 - [[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor]] - ''[[Mamagaru]]''
{{cn|date=May 2026}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0474912}}
*{{IMDb name|2593128}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actor}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alva, Vinod Kumar}}
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mangalore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Tulu male actors]]

Kinathukadavu Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T15:44:10Z

DelorisQha: Put Up Basic Page Initial Version

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kinathukadavu
| type = SLA
| map_image = Constitution-Kinathukadavu.svg
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| constituency_no = 122
| established = 1967
| district = [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency|Pollachi]]
| reservation = None
| mla = K. Vignesh
| party = {{Party index link|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 305,878
}}
'''Kinathukadavu''' is a [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency that includes a few parts of the south of [[Coimbatore]] City. It comes under [[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency]] for Parliamentary elections.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-10
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090206012938/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2009-02-06
}}</ref> It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1967 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan=2| [[M. Kannappan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1971]]
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=3|K. V. Kandaswamy
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1989]]
| [[K. Kandasamy (Kinathukadavu MLA)|K. Kandasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991]]
| [[N. S. Palanisamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1996]]
| [[M. Shanmugham]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan=3|[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2006]]
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2011]]
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]]
| A. Shanmugam
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2021]]
| [[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]]
|-
|[[2026 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2026]]
|K. Vignesh
|{{Full party name with color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam}}|37.37}}
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.12}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.81}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.17}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|47.10}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.33}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|65.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|37.51}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.58}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|36.32}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|68.42}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|64.63}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Vignesh|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=99,500|percentage=37.37|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. K. S. Sabari Karthikeyan|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=88,240|percentage=33.14|change=-10.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]]|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=67,789|percentage=25.45|change=-18.67}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Banupriya|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=9,667|percentage=3.63|change=-1.27}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=1717|percentage=0.64|change=-0.35}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,260 |percentage=4.23 |change=6.27}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=266,349|percentage=87.08|change=16.67}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 300486|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing=6.75 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=101,537 |percentage=44.12% |change=1.31% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kurichi Prabhakaran|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=100,442|percentage=43.64%|change=1.47%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Siva|party=Makkal Needhi Maiam|votes=13,939|percentage=6.06%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Umajagadesh|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=11,280|percentage=4.90%|change=3.97%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=2,280|percentage=0.99%|change=-0.88%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ma. Pa. Rohini|party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=1,248|percentage=0.54%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,095 |percentage=0.48% |change=-0.16% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=230,155|percentage=70.41%|change=0.41%}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=241|percentage=0.10%}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 326,868 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.31% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |access-date= 30 Apr 2022 |archive-date= 30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf |title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=A. Shanmugam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=89,042 |percentage=42.81% |change=-13.36% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kurichi Prabhakaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=87,710 |percentage=42.17% |change=4.06% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muthuramalingam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,354 |percentage=5.46% |change=2.72% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Eswaran |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,387 |percentage=4.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=3,884 |percentage=1.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=U. Selvakumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,946 |percentage=0.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Selvakumar |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=1,863 |percentage=0.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Abdul Kareem |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=1,367 |percentage=0.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chinnasami |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,265 |percentage=0.61% |change= }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,332 |percentage=0.64% |change=-17.42% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=207,989 |percentage=70.00% |change= -8.07% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 297,116 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.36% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu |work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf | archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=94,123 |percentage=56.17% |change=9.07% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Kannappan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=63,857 |percentage=38.11% |change=-4.62% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Dharmalingam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,587 |percentage=2.74% |change=0.81% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dr. B. Ilango |party=Loktantrik Samajwadi Party (India) |votes=1,737 |percentage=1.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Nagaraj |party=Independent politician |votes=1,592 |percentage=0.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Muruganantham |party=Independent politician |votes=1,069 |percentage=0.64% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=30,266 |percentage=18.06% |change=13.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=214,627 |percentage=78.07% |change= 2.79% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 167,567 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 9.07% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,493 |percentage=47.10% |change=-3.23% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Kandaswamy]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,343 |percentage=42.73% |change=22.78% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. B. Latharani |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=5,449 |percentage=4.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Muthu Ramalingam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,267 |percentage=1.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rangarasu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,937 |percentage=1.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Aaran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,142 |percentage=0.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Amirthalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=792 |percentage=0.67% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,150 |percentage=4.37% |change=-26.01% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=117,812 |percentage=75.29% |change= 9.44% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 156,481 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.23% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. Damodaran (politician)|S. Damodaran]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=55,958 |percentage=50.33% |change=14.93% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Shanmugham]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,178 |percentage=19.95% |change=-29.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=18,040 |percentage=16.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=15,004 |percentage=13.50% |change=1.68% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,780 |percentage=30.38% |change=16.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=111,180 |percentage=65.85% |change= -6.88% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 168,931 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.91% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Shanmugham]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,231 |percentage=49.42% |change=16.88% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Mylswamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,267 |percentage=35.40% |change=-30.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=11,774 |percentage=11.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Santhil Kumara Murthy |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,461 |percentage=1.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Gurusamy |party=Independent politician |votes=849 |percentage=0.85% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,964 |percentage=14.02% |change=-19.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=99,612 |percentage=72.73% |change= 3.97% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,817 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -16.46% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. S. Palanisamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,358 |percentage=65.88% |change=42.68% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,792 |percentage=32.54% |change=-4.97% }}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. M. Aruchamy |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=112 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Arumugham |party=Independent politician |votes=97 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=32,566 |percentage=33.34% |change=19.03% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=97,691 |percentage=68.76% |change= -7.52% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 147,834 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 28.37% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kandasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,897 |percentage=37.51% |change=-5.80% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Appadurai |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,824 |percentage=23.20% |change=-33.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. V. Kamdasamy |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,162 |percentage=22.53% |change=-34.15% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Kailasappan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,606 |percentage=15.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Krishnasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=581 |percentage=0.59% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,073 |percentage=14.31% |change=0.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,362 |percentage=76.28% |change= -0.72% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 132,646 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -19.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Kandaswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,375 |percentage=56.69% |change=3.10% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Kannappan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,492 |percentage=43.31% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,883 |percentage=13.37% |change=6.20% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=88,867 |percentage=77.00% |change= 7.75% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,894 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.10% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Kandaswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,822 |percentage=53.58% |change=17.27% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. T. Doraiswamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,093 |percentage=46.42% |change=21.07% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,729 |percentage=7.17% |change=-0.29% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=79,915 |percentage=69.26% |change= 2.49% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,093 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 17.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. V. Kandaswamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,909 |percentage=36.32% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Kannappan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,589 |percentage=28.86% |change=-39.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. T. Duraisamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,085 |percentage=25.35% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Subbe Gounder |party=Janata Party |votes=6,761 |percentage=9.48% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,320 |percentage=7.46% |change=-29.39% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=71,344 |percentage=66.77% |change= -10.79% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 109,290 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -32.11% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Kannappan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,776 |percentage=68.42% |change=3.79% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. T. Duraisamy |party=Independent politician |votes=22,049 |percentage=31.58% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,727 |percentage=36.84% |change=5.12% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,825 |percentage=77.56% |change= 1.05% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 93,925 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.79% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Kinathukadavu<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Kannappan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=40,645 |percentage=64.63% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,691 |percentage=32.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. C. Mylswamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,249 |percentage=1.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=302 |percentage=0.48% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,954 |percentage=31.73% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,887 |percentage=76.51% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,384 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|10.82|N|77.02|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Coimbatore district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]

Hardev Singh Kler

2026-05-05T13:49:11Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|Indian army officer (1924–2016)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Major general (India)|Major General]]
| name = Hardev Singh Kler
| birth_name = Hardev Singh Kler
| other_name = H. S. Kler
| nickname = Harry
| honorific_suffix = {{Post-nominals|commas=on|size=100%|country=IND|MVC|AVSM}}
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|9|3|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|5|27|1924|9|3|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Walnut, California]], U.S.
| burial_place =
| burial_label =
| burial_coordinates = 
| allegiance = {{flag|British India}} {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|British Raj}} {{army|India}}
| service_years = 1943–1988
| rank = [[File:Major General of the Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Major general (India)|Major General]]
| service_number = IC-493
| unit = [[File:Logo of Indian Corps of Signals.png|left|40px]][[Corps of Signals (India)]]
| battles = {{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Burma Campaign]]
* [[India–Pakistan war of 1965]]
** [[Battle of Haji Pir Pass (1965)]]
* [[India–Pakistan war of 1971]]
** [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
*** [[Battle of Kamalpur|Battle of Jamalpur]]
*** [[Defence of Kamalpur]]
*** [[Tangail Airdrop]]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label =
| awards = [[File:Maha Vir Chakra ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Maha Vir Chakra]] [[File:Ati Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|32px]] [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Armed Forces Yearbook |date=1971 |publisher=Indian youth. |page=486 |language=en}}</ref>
| spouse =
| relations = [[Indian Army ranks and insignia#Commissioned Officers|Captain]] Chhajja Singh Kler, {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|OBI}} (father) [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lt Gen.]] Gurdev Singh Kler, {{Post-nominals|country=IND|AVSM}} (brother) 
[[Wing Commander]] D. J. Kler, [[Vayu Sena Medal|VM]] (son)
| other_work =
| signature =
| website =
}}

'''Major General Hardev Singh Kler''', {{Post-nominals|commas=on|country=IND|MVC|AVSM}} (3 September 1924 – 27 May 2016) was an [[Indian Army]] [[commissioned officer|officer]], known for leading India's first brigade which secured vital inroads to [[Dacca]] during the liberation of [[Bangladesh]] in [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] for which he was awarded with [[Maha Vir Chakra]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=BORN TO LEAD|url=https://salute.co.in/born-to-lead/|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref>

== Early life==
Kler was born on 3 September 1924 in [[Kakrala Kalan]] village near [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab]], India into a military family. His father Chhajja Singh was a Honorary Captain, his elder brother Shamsher Singh also served in Indian Army, his younger brother Gurdev Singh Kler retired as a [[Lieutenant General]], and Kler's son Devender Jeet was a decorated [[Indian Air Force]] veteran.<ref name="hp">{{cite web |title=Major General Hardev Singh Kler MVC |url=https://honourpoint.in/profile/maj-gen-hardev-singh-kler-mvc/ |website=Honourpoint |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=MVCs for senior commanders: Brig Hardev Singh Kler and Brig Anand Sarup |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/mvcs-for-senior-commanders-brig-hardev-singh-kler-and-brig-anand-sarup-277934/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=4 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== Army career ==
Kler was commissioned into the [[Indian Army]] in 1943, and in 1965 he was deployed as the [[Staff (military)|General Staff Officer 1]] of the [[19th Infantry Division (India)|19th Infantry Division]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Panag |first1=H. S. |author1-link=H. S. Panag |title=A general who wasn’t the ‘chosen one’, but became the man of the hour in 1965 |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/a-general-who-wasnt-the-chosen-one-but-became-the-man-of-the-hour-in-1965/170045/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=28 December 2018}}</ref> Serving as a [[Brigadier]], Kler played a major role in the [[India–Pakistan war of 1971]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liton |first1=Shakhawat |title=Hero of Jamalpur war also had son fighting {{!}} The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/hero-of-jamalpur-war-also-had-son-fighting-57109 |access-date=26 January 2026 |work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=25 December 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shashi |first1=Shyam Singh |title=Defenders of India: Victory of Peace & Liberty |date=1972 |publisher=Indian School Supply Depot, Publication Division |page=275 |language=en}}</ref> Kler led the [[Brigade|95 Mountain Brigade]] in the war.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Defence Review |date=1995 |publisher=Lancer International |page=73 |language=en}}</ref>

===1965===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Battle of Haji Pir Pass (1965)}}
[[Lt. Col.]] Kler did not lead the assault column at Haji Pir Pass, but as GSO-I of 19 Infantry Division, he was centrally involved in the operational planning and control of the sector, including actions linked to the capture and holding of Haji Pir Pass.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MVCs for senior commanders: Brig Hardev Singh Kler and Brig Anand Sarup|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/mvcs-for-senior-commanders-brig-hardev-singh-kler-and-brig-anand-sarup-277934/|access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>

===1971===
{{main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}

Among the architects of the 1971 victory, is known for his battlefield leadership and iron resolve. Commanding 95 Mountain Brigade, he spearheaded a lightning advance through [[Baksiganj Upazila|Kamalpur]], [[Jamalpur District|Jamalpur]] and [[Mymensingh]], breaking fortified Pakistani defences and reaching the outskirts of [[Dhaka|Dacca]] in barely ten days. His handling of the Jamalpur battle reflected both martial honour and ruthless clarity of purpose.

== Maha Vir Chakra ==
Kler was awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]], India's second highest gallantry award, in 1972.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Jodh |last2=Khera |first2=P. N. |title=Indira's India |date=1972 |publisher=Indian School Supply Depot |page=412 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gallantry Awards {{!}} Ministry of Defence, Government of India |url=https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3599 |website=www.gallantryawards.gov.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231164825/https://www.gallantryawards.gov.in/awardee/3599 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|{{center|'''Gazette Notification: 12 Pres/1972,8.2.71'''}}

{{center|'''Date of Award: 1972'''}}
'''Citation:'''
Brigadier Hardev Singh Kler was commanding a Mountain Brigade on the Eastern Front during the recent operations against Pakistan. He led the advance from Kamalpur uplo river Turag, which involved clearing of enemy opposition at Kamalpur, Bakshiganj, Jamalpur, Tangail, Mirzapur and the west bank of River Turag, in addition to several delaying on by the enemy in between. During all these actions, Brigadier Hardev Singh Kler was personally present with the leading troops and directed the operations with complete dis-regard for his life. His handling of the troops during Jamalpur battle showed great professional skill and by personally going into the thick of the battle, he provided great inspiration of his troops who had laid siege behind enemy positions south of Jamalpur. Despite heavy casualties, he directed the operations so skilfully and courageously that all attempts by the enemy to break through were foiled. He inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy and captured 379 prisoners as well as large quantities of weapons and ammunition.
Throughout these operations, Brigadier Hardev Singh Kler displayed outstanding courage, inspiring leadership and complete disregard of personal safety in the face of the enemy in Keeping with the best traditions of the Army.}}

== Death ==
Kler died in [[Walnut, California]] on 27 May 2016, at the age of 91.<ref name="hp"/>

== In popular culture ==
* The surname Kaler of the lead character in the Hindi movie "[[Border 2]]" portrayed by [[Sunny Deol]] appears to be inspired by him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Border 2 True Story: Who was Lt Col Fateh Singh Kaler, played by Sunny Deol?|url=https://www.truescoopnews.com/amp/story/ott/border-2-true-story-who-was-lt-col-fateh-singh-kaler-played-by-sunny-deol|access-date=18 January 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kler, Hardev Singh}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra]]

Ashapurna Devi

2026-04-29T21:30:46Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|Indian writer (8 January 1909)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Ashapurna Devi
| image = AshapoornaDeviPic.jpg
| imagesize = 250px
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1909|01|08}}
| birth_place = Potoldanga, [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1995|07|12|1909|01|08}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| resting_place =
| occupation = Novelist, poet
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = 1939–1995
| genre = Fiction
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[Prothom Protishruti]]'' ''[[Subarnolata]]'' ''[[Bakul Katha]]''
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = [[Jnanpith Award]] [[Padma Shri]] [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}
'''Ashapurna Devi''' ({{IPA|bn|aʃapurna debi}}; 8 January 1909 – 12 July 1995),<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Ashapoorna Devi - Library of Congress |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85093268 |website=id.loc.gov |publisher= |access-date=15 January 2022 |language= |date=}}</ref> also '''Ashapoorna Devi''' or '''Ashapurna Debi''', was a prominent Indian novelist and poet in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. In 1976, she was awarded the [[Jnanpith Award]] and [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]],<ref name="Chakravarti 2020">{{cite news |last1=Chakravarti |first1=Deepshikha |title=15 Indian Women Short Story Writers You Should Read |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/home-top-video/indian-short-story-writers-women/ |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=[[SheThePeople.TV]] |date=August 25, 2020}}</ref> D.Litt. by the Universities of [[Jabalpur University|Jabalpur]], [[Rabindra Bharati]], [[Burdwan University|Burdwan]] and [[Jadavpur University|Jadavpur]]. [[Vishwa Bharati University]] honoured her with Deshikottam in 1989. For her contribution as a novelist and short story writer, the [[Sahitya Akademi]] conferred its highest honour, the [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]], in 1994.<ref>[http://www.kalpana.it/eng/writer/indian_writers/ashapurna_devi.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313043331/http://www.kalpana.it/eng/writer/indian_writers/ashapurna_devi.htm|date=13 March 2008}}</ref>
{{toc limit|3}}

==Biography==
Ashapurna Devi was born in a [[Baidya]] family on 8 January 1909 in North [[Calcutta]]. Her ancestral house is [[Gupta Bari, Begampur]], in Hooghly district. Her birth name was Asha Purna Devi (Gupta). Her early childhood was spent in a traditional and extremely conservative family. Female children of the house were not allowed to go to school. Private tutors were employed only for the boys.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=1–3.}}</ref> It is said that as a baby Ashapurna used to listen to the readings of her brothers sitting opposite to them and that was how she learnt the alphabets.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=1–3.}}</ref> Though Ashapurna had no formal education as such, she was self-educated.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=7–9.}}</ref>

Ashapurna's father Harendra Nath Gupta was a famous artist of the time who worked for furniture makers C. Lazarus & Co. as a designer. Ashapurna's mother Sarola Sundari was a great lover of books.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=4–6.}}</ref> It was her "intensive thirst" for reading classics and story books which was transmitted to Ashapurna and her sisters in their early age.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=4–6.}}</ref>

Due to shortage of space, Harendra Nath shifted his family to a new house at 157/1B Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road (beside the Khanna Cinema Hall), which provided freedom to Sarola Sundari and her daughters to read according to their heart's desires. To satisfy Sarola Sundari's tremendous urge of reading there had been a continuous flow of books and magazines from the libraries of the time. As there was no dearth of leisure for the daughters and no bar to reading adult books from a very early age, Ashapurna and her sisters built a love-relationship with books.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=7–9.}}</ref> The period in which Ashapurna was raised was socially and politically restless, a time of nationalist agitation and awakening. Though the children of Harendra Nath did not have direct contact with the outside world, they were quite sensitive to the restlessness going on throughout the country led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and other political leaders who were ready to sacrifice their lives to bring independence. Thus different factors were responsible for nourishing the specific culture which guided Ashapurna from her early childhood to youth, and carried her to a definite platform through various experiences and ideals of life.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=10–12.}}</ref>

According to Ashapurna, she and her sisters used to compete with each other by composing and reciting poems. This inspired Ashapurna to secretly send a poem to ''[[Sishu Sathi]]'' in 1922. Ashapurna was thirteen and her poem "Bairer Dak" (The Call from the Outside) was published.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=13–16.}}</ref> She also received a request from editor [[Rajkumar Chakravorty]] to send more poems and stories. That was the beginning which developed into a never-ending flourish for Ashapurna, culminating into a permanent place for her into the realm of Bengali literature.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=13–16.}}</ref>

Ashapurna was sent to be married in 1924 when she was 15, leaving Calcutta for her betrothed's family residence in [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]]. She was married to Kalidas Gupta, and the couple moved frequently as they established themselves. In 1927 they settled in Calcutta where they lived until 1960. They then had to shift to a separate flat near Golpark with their only son Sushanta, daughter-in-law Nupur, and a granddaughter Shatarupa. Later, in 1967, another granddaughter, Shatadeepa, was added to the family. In 1970, Kalidas Gupta and Ashapurna built their own house in Garia at 17 Kanungo Park. Ashapurna lived there until she died on 13 July 1995.<ref>{{Harvnb|Ghosh|2004|pp=17–18.}}</ref>

In the beginning of her writing career, Ashapurna wrote only for children – ''Chhoto Thakurdar Kashi Yatra'' (''Great Uncle Goes to Varanasi'') was the first printed edition published in 1938, followed by others throughout her literary career.

In 1936, she first wrote a story for adults, "Patni O Preyoshi", published in the [[Durga Puja|Puja]] issue of ''[[Ananda Bazar Patrika]]''. ''Prem O Prayojan'' was her first novel for adults, published in 1944. Her magnum opus, the trilogy ''[[Pratham Pratishruti]]'' (1964), ''[[Subarnolata]]'' (1967) and ''[[Bakul Katha]]'' (1974), symbolises an endless struggle for women to achieve equal rights.<ref>[http://ashapurnadevi.com/about-the-author.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528000418/http://ashapurnadevi.com/about-the-author.html|date=28 May 2009}}</ref> According to Somak Ghoshal, writing for ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'', "Ashapurna Devi wrote about women and men whose lives were claustrophobically restricted by social, economic and psychological conditions."<ref name="Ghoshal 2014">{{cite news |last1=Ghoshal |first1=Somak |title=Jhumpa Lahiri - The lives of others |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/zWhN5FKCyq3Mci96bD7nWO/Jhumpa-Lahiri--The-lives-of-others.html |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=January 25, 2014}}</ref>

Upon her death, she had been widely honoured with a number of prizes and awards.<ref>[http://ashapurnadevi.com/about-the-author.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528000418/http://ashapurnadevi.com/about-the-author.html|date=28 May 2009}}</ref> In January 2009, [[Doordarshan]] broadcast a documentary about her, and a two-day event was organized to celebrate what would have been her 101st birthday.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengal gears up to pay homage to Ashapurna Devi |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/bengal-gears-up-to-pay-homage-to-ashapurna-devi/403836/ |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=Express News Service |date=December 28, 2008}}</ref>

==Accolades==
*The Lila Prize from the [[University of Calcutta]] (1954)
*The Bhuban Mohini Das Gold Medal (1966)
*The [[Rabindra Award]] from the [[Government of West Bengal]] (1966)
*The [[Jnanpith Award]] (1976) from the Government of India, for the novel ''[[Prothom Protishruti]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings |publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref>
*The Haranath Ghosh Medal from the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]] (1988)
*The Jagattarini Gold Medal from the [[University of Calcutta]] (1993)

==Publications==
{{overly detailed|section|date=October 2018}}

===Novels===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
# ''Aar Ek Ashapurna'' ([[Mitra O Ghosh]])
# ''Agniparikha'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Asha Purna Devir Rachanaboli [in 10 volumes]'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Asha Purna Bithika'' ([[Nirmal Sahityam]])
# ''Anamaniyaa'' ([[Karuna Prakashani]])
# ''Biswas Abiswas'' ([[Deb Sahitya Kutir]])
# ''Chabibandha Sinduk'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Chitrakalpa'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Chosma Palte Jai'' (Deb Sahitya Kutir)
# ''Dibyahasini'r Dinolipi'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Drishya Theke Drishyantore'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Dwitiyo Adwitiyo'' (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Ei To Sedin'' ([[Ananda Publishers]])
# ''Kalyani'' (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Ka(n)ta Pukur Lane'r Komola'' (Deb Sahitya Kutir)
# ''Laghu Tripodi'' (Puspo)
# ''Lila Chirontan'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Nakhyatrer Akash'' (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Noksha Kata Ghor'' (Karuna Prakashoni)
# ''Pancha Nodir Teere'' (Pal Publishers)
# ''Prem O Proyojon'' (Punascha, Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Priyo Galpo'' (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Sashi Babu'r Sangsar'' ([[Punascha]])
# ''Siri Bhanga Anka'' (Mitra O Ghosh)
# ''Shrimti Sat(m)a Jibon'' (Karuna Prakashani)
# ''Sthan Kaal Patra'' (Karuna Prakashani)
# ''Tin Prohor'' (Baluchori, Sunglass, Srinkholita) (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''Trimatrik'' (Nirmal Sahityam)
# ''V.I.P Bari'r Lok'' (Karuna Prakashani)

====Shottoboti Trilogy====
# ''Prothom Protisruti'' (Mitra O Ghosh, 1964)
# ''Shubornolawta'' (Mitra O Ghosh, 1967)
# ''Bokul Kawtha'' (Mitra O Ghosh, 1974)
{{div col end}}

===Rochonaboli===
Her ''rochonaboli'' (collected works) are published in 10 volumes from publisher Mitra O Ghosh.

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 1====
#"Boloygras" (1952)
#"[[Jog Biyog (novel)|Jog Biyog]]" (1953)
#"Nirjon Prithibi" (1956)
#"Charpotra" (1960)
#"Prothom Lagna"
#"Samudra Neel Akash Neel" (1960)
#"Uttorlipi" (1960)
#"Teenchanda"
#"Mukhor Ratri" (1961)

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 2====
#"Agni Parikha" (1952)
#"Alor Sakhor"
#"Jibon Swad"
#"Aaar Ek Jhor"
#"Nodi Deek Hara"
#"Ekti Sondhya Ekti Sokal"
#"Uttoron"
#"Johuri"
#"Mayajaal"
#unpublished short stories
#unpublished non-fiction

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 3====
#''Prem O Prayojan'' (1944)
#"Nabajonma" (1960)
#''Sashi Babu'r Sangsar'' (1956)
#"Unmochon" (1957)
#"Bahironga"
#"Begboti"
#"Abohosangeet"
#unpublished short stories
#unpublished poetries

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 4====
#"Nepothyo Nayika"
#"Jonom Jonom ke Sathi"
#''Laghu Tripodi''
#"Du ye Mile Ek" (Srinkholita and Sunglass)
#"Suktisagar"
#"Sukherchabi"
#"Suyoranir Sadh"
#"Surobhi Sopno"
#unpublished short stories
#unpublished non-fiction

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 5====
#"Mayadarpan"
#"Brittopoth"
#"Mittirbari"
#"Atikranto"
#"Sonar Horin"
#"Uro Pakhi"
#"Jugal Bondi"
#"Sesh Raai"

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 6====
#''Kokhono Deen Kokhono Raat''
#''Baluchori''
#''Anobogunthita''
#unpublished short stories

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 7====
#"Bijoyi Basanta"
#"Ditio Adhyay"
#"Neel Porda"
#"Durer Janla"
#"Juganter Jobonika Pare"
#"Dui Meru"
#unpublished short stories

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 8====
#''Prothom Pratisruti'' (First Part)
#"Polatok Sainik"
#"Pratikhar Bagan"
#"Jhinuk e Sei Tara"
#unpublished short stories

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 9====
#''Prothom Pratishruti'' (Last Part) (1964)
#''Subarnalata'' (1967)

====Rochonaboli, Vol. 10====
#''Bakul Katha'' (1974)
#"Balir Niche Dhew"
#unpublished short stories

{{div col end}}

===Works for younger readers===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
# ''Aloy Adityer IcchaPatra Rahosyo'' ([[Ananda Publishers]], 1995)
# ''Amorabatir Antorale'' (1994)
# ''Byaparta Ki Holo'' (1993)
# ''Bhaggi Juddho Bedhechilo'' (1986)
# ''Bhagyolakhi Lotarry'' (1990)
# ''Bhitore Ki Chilo'' (1985)
# ''Bhuture Kukur'' (1982)
# ''Bolber Moto Noi'' (1987)
# ''Cha(j)jone Mile'' (1979)
# ''Chutite Chotachuti'' (1982)
# ''Chotoder Srestho Golpo'' (1955)
# ''Chotoder Shresto Golpo'' (1981)
# ''Chotto Thakurdar Kashijatra'' (1938)
# ''Chotoder Bhalo Bhalo Golpo'' (1962)
# ''Dakaat r Kobole Ami'' (1972)
# ''Dibbosundarer Dibbogayan luv'' (1988)
# ''Doshti Kishore Uponyas'' (Ananda Publishers)
# ''Durer Basi'' (1978)
# ''Ek Kuri Golpo'' (1988)
# ''Ek Samudra onek Dheu'' (1963)
# ''Eker Modhe Teen'' (1991)
# ''Gaja Ukil Er Hatya Rahasya'' (Ananda Publishers, 1979)
# ''Golpo Bhalo Aber Bolo'' (1958)
# ''Golpo Holo Suru'' (1955)
# ''Golper Moto Golpo'' (1961)
# ''Half-Holiday'' (1941)
# ''Hasir Golpo'' (1967)
# ''Jibon Kalir Pakka Hiseb'' (1985)
# ''Jugalratno Tiktiki Office'' (1992)
# ''Kanakdeep'' (1962)
# ''Karapaker Pakchakra'' ([[Karuna Prakashani]], 1997)
# ''Kato Kando Railgarite'' (1985)
# ''Kishore Amonibaas'' (1986)
# ''Kishore Bachai Golpo'' (1999)
# ''Kisor Sahityo Samagro'' (1983)
# ''Kishore Sahitya Samagro'' (1–3) ([[Mitra O Ghosh]])
# ''Kisor Sahityo Samvar'' (1980)
# ''Kopal Khule Gelo Naki'' (1992)
# ''Majarumama'' (1992)
# ''Manikchand O Aro Choddo'' (1992)
# ''Manuser Mato Manus'' (1986)
# ''Mon Thaklei Mon Kamon'' (1996)
# ''Nije Bujhe Nin'' (1987)
# ''Nikharchai Amod'' (1982)
# ''Onara Thakbeni'' (1982)
# ''Pa(n)ch Bhuter Goppo'' ([[Punascha]], 1990)
# ''Panchasti Kishore Galpo'' ([[Nirmal Sahityam]])
# ''Pakhi Theke Hati'' (1983)
# ''Planchet'' (Karuna Prakashani, 1999)
# ''Poyela Doshra'' (1992)
# ''Rajkumarer Poshake'' (Ananda Publishers, 1975)
# ''Rahasyer Sandhaane'' (Nirmal Sahityam, 1981)
# ''Raja Noi Rani Noi'' (1959)
# ''Rajai Golpo'' (1976)
# ''Rani Mayabatir Antardhyan Rahosyo'' (1993)
# ''Ro(n)gin Molat'' (1941)
# ''Sakaler Sapno'' (1994)
# ''Sarojanter Nayak'' (1992)
# ''Satyi Amod'' (1992)
# ''Sei Sob Golpo'' (1967)
# ''Sera Baro'' (1988)
# ''Sera Rahasyo Samvar'' (1984)
# ''Shanirbachito Chotoder Shesto Golpo'' (1996)
# ''Shono Shono Golpo Shono'' ([[Deb Sahitya Kutir]], 1956)
{{div col end}}

===Stories published in children's magazines===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* "Anko Sir o Mozart" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1995)
* "Bhagye Thakle Kina Hoi" (Uponyas)
* "Bishe Bishkhay"
* "Bhut Namaibar Sahoj Podhdhoti" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1986)
* "Chutite Chotachuti" (Uponyas, Sarodiya Anondomela, 1981)
* "Ghya(N)ch Kore"
* "Kagaj To Paro Na" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1985)
* "Kichhu Korena Kichhu Korbe Na" (Agomoni, Deb Sahitya Kutir)
* "Matra Ekkhana Than Eet"
* "Muskil Asan er Kolkathi" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1989)
* "Parar chhele" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1987)
* "Swapner Railgari" (Boro Golpo, Sarodiya Anondomela, 1983)
* "Tibboti Lamar Coffin" (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1993)
{{div col end}}

===Pakhik Anondomela Golpo Sankalan===
* "Tiktiki, Ateendriyo Shakti o Bedanto Bardhan" (11 January 1989, illustration – Krishnendu Chaki)
* "Kopaal'er Naam Gopaal" (9 June 1993, illustration – Debashish Deb)
* "Mojaru-Mama" (17 October 1984, illustration – Anup Roy)
* "Ninkhonj Niruddesh Hote Gele" (7 January 1987, illustration – Krishnendu Chaki)

===PujaBarshiki Anondomela Golpo Sankalan===
* Bahadur (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1971)
* Hoito Eirokomi (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1992)
* Char Buror Adda (Sarodiya Anondomela, 1996)

===Kishore Uponyas (preteen novels)===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Raajkumar Er Poshake'' (Anandomela)
* ''Gaja Ukil Er Hotya Rohosya'' (Anandomela)
* ''Bhuture Kukur'' (Anandomela)
* ''Lonka Morich O Ek Mohamanab'' (Pakhyik Anandamela, March 1983)
* ''Manusher Moto Manush'' (Sharodiya Kishormon)
* ''Chara Pute Gelen Nantu Pise'' (Pakhyik Anandamela, 1987)
* ''Bomar Cheye Bisham'' (Sharodiya Kishor Bharati)
* ''Somuddur Dekha'' (Sharodiya Kishor Bharati, 1988)
* ''Aloy Adityer Iccha Potro Rohosyo'' (Anandomela)
* ''Harano Theke Prapti'' (Anandamela)
{{div col end}}

===Works translated to English===
* ''Matchbox'' (short story collection, translated by Prasenjit Gupta 2016)<ref name="Ganguly 2016">{{cite news |last1=Ganguly |first1=Srijani |title=Ashapurna Debi's Matchbox is about ordinary lives |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/ashapurna-debis-matchbox-is-about-ordinary-lives-326194-2016-05-29 |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=[[India Today]] |date=May 29, 2016}}</ref>
* ''Shake the Bottle'' (short story collection, translated by Arunava Sinha)<ref>{{cite news |title=A short conversation about Ashapurna Debi / Ipshita Mitra |url=https://ricjournal.com/2019/02/19/a-short-conversation-about-ashapurna-debi-ipshita-mitra/ |work=RIC Journal |date=February 19, 2019}}</ref>

==Television and film adaptions==
Her novel ''Baluchori'' was adapted as a TV serial on [[Deepto TV]] named [[Aparajita]]. [[Subarnalata (TV series)]] on [[Zee Bangla]] and ''Prothom Protisshruti'' on [[Colors Bangla]] were adaptations of her novels by the same name.
Devi's 1953 novel ''[[Jog Biyog (novel)|Jog Biyog]]'' inspired a number of films in various Indian languages.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-23|title=Tamil cinema's bong connection|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/tamil-cinemas-bong-connection/|access-date=2022-02-12|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> The 1954 Bengali film ''[[Agni Pariksha (1954 film)|Agni Pariksha]]'' was based on her novel by the same name.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Narasimham |first1=M. L. |title=Mangalyabalam (1959) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mangalyabalam/article7734651.ece |access-date=18 October 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=October 8, 2015}}</ref> The movie was simultaneously made into a 1959 Telugu - Tamil bilingual titled ''[[Mangalya Balam]]'' in Telugu and ''[[Manjal Mahimai]]'' in Tamil.<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|last=Narasimham|first=M. L.|date=8 October 2015|title=Mangalyabalam(1959)|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mangalyabalam/article7734651.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705210541/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/mangalyabalam/article7734651.ece|archive-date=5 July 2020|accessdate=8 September 2020|website=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=}}</ref> Later it was remade in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] in 1967 as ''[[Chhoti Si Mulaqat]]''.<ref name="toi">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/remakes-of-bengali-films-whats-new-in-this-trend/articleshow/72241437.cms|title=Remakes of Bengali films: What's new in this trend? - Times of India|website=The Times of India|last1=Ganguly |first1=Ruman }}</ref>

The 1976 film ''Tapasya'', produced by [[Tarachand Barjatya]], was based on one of her stories.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malhorta |first1=A.P.S. |title=Tapasya (1976) |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/blast-from-the-past-tapasya-1976/article6767871.ece |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> Director [[Suman Mukhopadhyay]] adapted her story ''Chuti Nakoch'' into the Hindi feature film ''Nazarband'', which premiered at the New York Indian Film Festival in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Suman's first Hindi feature on Ashapurna Devi's story |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sumans-first-hindi-feature-on-ashapurna-devis-story/articleshow/65838219.cms |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=Times of India |agency=TNN |date=September 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wanted to focus on the marginality of characters in Nazarband, says Suman Mukhopadhyay |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/4/29915 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000924/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2021/jun/4/29915 |url-status=live |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=Cinestaan |date=June 4, 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book | year=2004 | title = Ashapurna Debi (A biography) | first=Upasana | last=Ghosh | publisher=[[Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]] | place= Kolkata | isbn=978-81-7751-208-3 }}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|Children's literature|India|Biography}}
*{{IMDb name|1389106}}
*[https://www.dictionnaire-creatrices.com/fiche-ashapurna-devi Ashapurna Devi] at {{ill|Dictionnaire-Creatrices|fr|Dictionnaire universel des créatrices}}
*{{OL author|4640571A|Ashapurna Devi}}
*[http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=DEVI,+ASHAPURNA Ashapurna Devi] at the West Bengal Public Library Network
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070207043653/http://www.kalpana.it/eng/writer/indianwriters/ashapurna.htm A short biography of Ashapurna Devi]
*[https://archive.today/20130125131831/http://www.housewithathousandnovels.com/?p=149 Ordinary Lives, Extraordinary Stories : Ashapurna Debi's Fiction ]
* [https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099994.001.0001/acprof-9780198099994 Ashapurna Devi and Feminist Consciousness in Bengal: A Bio-critical Reading] (Dipannita Datta, 2014, {{ISBN|9780198099994}})

{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Ashapurna}}
[[Category:Ashapurna Devi]]
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Women writers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali detective fiction writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Women crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Haridas Mitra

2026-04-24T16:20:48Z

DelorisQha: Put Up The Info W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian independence activist (1914–1992)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Haridas Mitra
| image = Haridas Mitra.jpg
| alt = Mitra, a middle-aged Indian man in a white shirt and black spectacles, photographed showing his head and shoulders.
| caption =
| office = [[List of deputy speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1977
| predecessor = [[Narendra Nath Sen]]
| successor = [[Apurba Lal Majumdar]]
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1968
| predecessor1 = [[Pijush Kanti Mukherjee]]
| successor1 = [[Kalimuddin Shams]]
| party = {{tree list}}
* [[All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)]]
* [[Praja Socialist Party]]
* [[Indian National Congress]]
{{tree list/end}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|2|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jessore]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1992|4|20|1914|2|24|df=y}}
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| parents = Jogendra Nath Mitra (father)
| spouse = [[Bela Mitra|Amita (Bela) Bose]]
| children = 3, including [[Amit Mitra]]
| education = [[University of Calcutta]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| occupation = {{tree list}}
* Politician
* Joint Managing Director of the Jessore Central Co-operative Bank
* Secretary of the Khajuria H.E. School
* [[Trade union]]ist
{{tree list/end}}
| allegiance = [[Indian National Army]] (INA)
| branch = INA secret service
| service_years = {{circa}} 1944
| battles = [[World War II]]
}}
'''Haridas Mitra''' (24 February 1914 – 20 April 1992) was an Indian independence activist, politician, spy, [[trade union]]ist and educator. He was an organiser of the secret service of the [[Indian National Army]] during [[World War II]] and was sentenced to death by the British authorities. After Independence he was elected multiple times to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. He served as the Deputy Speaker of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in 1967–1968 and in 1972–1977.

==Biography==
Haridas Mitra was born in [[Jessore]] on 24 February 1914<ref name=who/><ref name=cmc>''[https://books.google.at/books?id=iFONAAAAMAAJ Calcutta Municipal Gazette, Vol. 85]''. Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press in India., 1966. p. 629</ref> to Jogendra Nath Mitra, an active [[Indian National Congress]] worker and member of the [[British Bengal Legislative Council|Bengal Legislative Council]].<ref name=who/><ref name=cmc/> Haridas Mitra attended the [[Jashore Zilla School|Jessore Zilla School]], and later studied at [[Asutosh College]], [[Vidyasagar College]], [[Vidyasagar College]], University Post-Graduate College, and Law College Calcutta in [[Calcutta]].<ref name=who/> As a student he took part in the 1932 civil disobedience movement, and was imprisoned.<ref name=who/> He obtained a [[Master of Arts]] degree from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=who/> He was the general secretary of the Vidyasagar College Union between 1933 and 1934, and the general secretary at the Post-Graduate Seminar 1935-1936.<ref name=who/>

He married [[Bela Mitra|Amita (Bela) Bose]], the niece of [[Subhas Chandra Bose]].<ref name=who/><ref name=gga/><ref name=psgu/> The couple had two daughters and one son ([[Amit Mitra]]).<ref name=who/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/mitra-gets-a-feel-of-his-battle-terrain/articleshow/7789933.cms|title=Mitra gets a feel of his battle terrain|date=26 March 2011|author=Udit Prasanna Mukherji}}</ref> Haridas Mitra worked as the Joint Managing Director of the Jessore Central Co-operative Bank between 1939 and 1942.<ref name=who/> He served as the secretary of the Khajuria H.E. School between 1938 and 1942.<ref name=who/> He was a founding member of the Jessore College Governing Body in 1940, and remained on its board until 1941.<ref name=who/> Mitra's career was cut short when he was imprisoned during the 1942 [[Quit India movement]].<ref name=who/>

Mitra later joined the [[Indian National Army]] in 1944, helping to set up its intelligence apparatus inside India.<ref name=who/> He was arrested by the British authorities.<ref name=who/> Mitra was sentenced to death in a secret trial.<ref name=who/> His life was spared only after the direct intervention of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who convinced the British authorities to commute his death sentence to life imprisonment.<ref name=who/><ref name=gga/><ref name=link>''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=LTNOAQAAIAAJ Personalities]'', in ''Link: Indian Newsmagazine'', Vol. 5, Issue 1, 1962. p. 19</ref> After the establishment of the [[Interim Government of India]], Mitra was unconditionally released in December 1946 on Gandhi's insistence.<ref name=who/> In 1950 he was active in organising relief for refugees from [[East Pakistan]], and he would become the general secretary of the All Bengal Refugee Association.<ref name=who/> His wife died in July 1952.<ref name=psgu/>

Mitra was a member of the [[All India Forward Bloc (Ruikar)]], and became a [[Praja Socialist Party]] member when the two parties merged.<ref name=link/> He would become a member of the West Bengal executive of PSP.<ref name=link/> Mitra was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in the [[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957 election]], standing as a PSP candidate in the [[Tollygunj Assembly constituency|Tollygunge constituency]].<ref name=who/><ref name=link/> He obtained 30,412 votes (56.52%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150508163517/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1957 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> He was arrested during the 1958 and 1959 refugee movements.<ref name=who/> Mitra served as the president of several [[trade union]]s, such as the unions at [[Jessop & Company]] and Eastern C.C.S.<ref name=who/>

Mitra broke with PSP in 1962, along with some 350 PSP workers,<ref name=link/> as he felt the party had outlived its purpose.<ref name=link/> He joined the Indian National Congress, arguing that only the Congress Party had the capacity to confront big finance capital and implement socialism.<ref name=link/> Mitra was a co-founder of the [[Bangla Congress]].<ref name="who">''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=I78yAAAAMAAJ Who's who 1972: General Election, March 1972]''. West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat, 1974. pp. 50–51</ref> He won the [[Chakdaha Assembly constituency|Chakdah seat]] in the [[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], standing as the Bangla Congress candidate and obtaining 20,761 votes (42.11%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626132659/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1967 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> He served as the Deputy Speaker of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly between 1967 and 1968.<ref name="who" /><ref name="gga" /> He contested the [[Bankura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bankura Lok Sabha seat]] in the [[1971 Indian general election]] as the Bangla Congress candidate, finishing in fourth place with 29,576 votes (12.03%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424145823/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1971 TO THE FIFTH LOK SABHA - VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS)]''</ref>

He returned to the West Bengal Legislative Assembly election in the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972 election]].<ref name="who" /> He stood as the Congress(R) candidate in Chakdah, and 33,144 votes (57.42%).<ref>Election Commission of India. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150509004440/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1972 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL]''</ref> After the election he was again elected Deputy Speaker, serving in the role between 24 March 1972 to 30 April 1977.<ref name="gga" /><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/service-breaker-sprung-on-strike/cid/449633|title=Service-breaker sprung on strike|date=25 February 2012}}</ref> Haridas Mitra died on 20 April 1992.<ref name="gga">Gopal Gandhi. ''[https://books.google.at/books?newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&id=VrkVAQAAIAAJ A Frank Friendship: Gandhi and Bengal : a Descriptive Chronology]''. Seagull Books, 2007. p. 1953</ref><ref name="psgu">Partha Sarathi Gupta. ''[https://books.google.at/books?id=fnoMAQAAMAAJ Towards Freedom: Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1943-1944, Part 3]''. Oxford University Press, 1997. p. 2794</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Haridas}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Praja Socialist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Bangla Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Trade unionists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1957–1962]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1967–1969]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1971–1972]]
[[Category:People from Jessore]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Jashore Zilla School alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Khulna Division]]

Parkal Assembly constituency

2026-04-23T19:32:19Z

DelorisQha: new initial pg w/ sources

{{Short description|Constituency of the Telangana legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Parkal
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Telangana (104-Parkal highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Parkal Assembly constituency within Telangana
| mla = [[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| party = {{party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| established = 1951
| state = [[Telangana]]
| district = [[Warangal district|Warangal]], [[Hanamkonda district|Hanamkonda]]
| electors = 1,87,434
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 104
| loksabha_cons = [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency|Warangal]]
}}

'''Parkal Assembly constituency''' is a constituency of [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is one of 12 constituencies in [[Warangal district]]. It is part of [[Warangal Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Revuri Prakash Reddy]] is representing the constituency.

==Mandals==
The Assembly Constituency presently comprises the following Mandals:
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal !!Districts
|-
| [[Parkal]]
| rowspan=2|[[Hanamkonda district|Hanamkonda]]
|-
| [[Atmakur, Warangal|Atmakur]]
|-
| [[Sangam (Warangal district)|Sangam]]
| rowspan=2|[[Warangal district|Warangal]]
|-
| [[Geesugonda]]
|-
| Nadikuda
| rowspan=2|[[Hanamkonda district|Hanamkonda]]
|-
| [[Damera]]
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Duration
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Hyderabad State]]
|-
| 1952–57
| G. Gopal Rao
| {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| 1957–62
| Manda Sailu
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1962–67
| Rauthu Narsimha Ramiah
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1967–72
| C. J. Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| 1972–78
| Pingali Dharma Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1978–83
| [[Bochu Sammaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1983–85
| [[Bochu Sammaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 1985–89
| [[Vonteru Jayapal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 1989–94
| [[Vonteru Jayapal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| 1994–99
| [[Potharaju Saraiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| 1999–04
| [[Bojjapalli Rajaiah]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2004–2009
| [[Bandari Shara Rani]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2009–12
| [[Konda Surekha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2012–14
| [[M. Bikshpathi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Telangana]]
|-
| 2014–18
| [[Challa Dharma Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| 2018–23
| [[Challa Dharma Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
|2023-
|[[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2023]]: Parkal (Assembly constituency)}}{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
| votes =72,573
| percentage =38.46
| change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=Challa Dharma Reddy|votes=64,632|percentage=34.25|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Kali Prasad Rao Pagadala|votes=38,735|percentage=20.53|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=966|percentage=0.51|change=}}{{Election box majority|votes=7,941|percentage=4.21|change=}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,88,681|percentage=|change=}}{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

=== Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]: Parkal<ref>[http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS29104.htm?ac=104 Parkal Results]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| candidate = Challa Dharma Reddy
| votes = 1,05,903
| percentage = 59.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Konda Surekha]]
| votes = 59,384
| percentage = 33.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = U. SRINIVAS
| votes = 3,996
| percentage = 2.25
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = DR. Pesaru Vijaya Chander Reddy
| votes = 2,483
| percentage = 1.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the Above]]
| votes = 2,064
| percentage = 1.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 46,519
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,77,578
| percentage = 89.51
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Telangana Legislative Assembly election, 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Assembly Elections, 2014]]: Parkal (Assembly constituency)}}<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064940/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=997&cid=104 Parkal Results]}}</ref>
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Telugu Desam Party
| candidate = Challa Dharma Reddy
| votes = 41,937
| percentage = 41.02%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Engala Venkatram Reddy
| votes = 30,283
| percentage = 18.41%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 9,108
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,64,460
| percentage = 87.74%
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18.20|79.70|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Telangana]]
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]
[[Category:Politics of Telangana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:Warangal district]]

Goutam Bhaduri

2026-04-23T07:14:10Z

DelorisQha: adding new details

{{Short description|Judge of Chhattisgarh High Court}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Goutam Bhaduri
| office1 = Acting [[Chief Justice]] of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]]
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator1 =
| term_start1 = 11 March 2023
| term_end1 = 28 March 2023
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Chhattisgarh High Court]]
| appointer = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| nominator = [[P. Sathasivam]]
| term_start = 16 September 2013
| term_end = 9 November 2024
| birth_place =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|11|10|df=y}}
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Justice
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| successor1 = [[Ramesh Sinha]] {{small|(permanent)}}
| predecessor1 = [[Arup Kumar Goswami|Arup Goswami]] {{small|(permanent)}}
}}
'''Goutam Bhaduri''' (born 10 November 1962) is a retired Indian judge and a [[senior advocate]] practising at the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Mohit |date=2025-11-18 |title=Senior Advocates - Supreme Court of India |url=https://onelawstreet.com/senior-advocates-supreme-court-of-india/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=One Law Street |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Goutam Bhaduri |url=https://highcourt.cg.gov.in/sittingjudges/profile/profile_gb.html |website=High Court Of Chhattisgarh |access-date=7 March 2023 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307064938/https://highcourt.cg.gov.in/sittingjudges/profile/profile_gb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Bhaduri was born on 10 November 1962 in the family of prominent lawyers S.K. Bhaduri (father) and P. Bhaduri (grandfather). He was elevated as judge of High Court of Chhattisgarh on 16 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Goutam Bhaduri, CDJ Law Journal |url=https://www.cdjlawjournal.com/judge-profile1.php?id=724&cid=85 |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=www.cdjlawjournal.com}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhaduri, Goutam}}
[[Category:Judges of the Chhattisgarh High Court]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Mahaveer Jain

2026-04-21T08:12:38Z

DelorisQha: started a info.

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahaveer Jain
| image = Mahaveer Jain.jpg
| occupation = Film Producer
}}

'''Mahaveer Jain''' is an Indian film producer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahaveer Jain on collaborating with Sooraj Barjatya for Uunchai: 'It was an incredible experience' |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/mahaveer-jain-on-collaborating-with-sooraj-barjatya-for-uunchai-it-was-an-incredible-experience |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-05 |title=Aamir Khan never agreed to attend parties organised by the underworld, reveals producer Mahaveer Jain |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aamir-khan-never-agreed-to-attend-parties-organised-by-the-underworld-reveals-producer-mahaveer-jain/articleshow/100772688.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is mostly known for producing [[Hindi movie]]s, which include ''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]'' (2011), ''[[Chalo Jeete Hain|Chalo Jeetey Hain]]'' (2018), [[Malaal (film)|''Malaal'']] (2019), ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]'' (2019)'','' ''[[Uunchai]]'' (2022), ''[[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]'' (2022), ''[[Good Luck Jerry]]'' (2022) and ''[[Binny and Family]]'' (2024)''.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2022-06-06 |title=Rajshri Productions partners with Mahaveer Jain for upcoming film |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/rajshri-productions-partners-with-mahaveer-jain-for-upcoming-film-11654499367715.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2022-11-24 |title=Leading filmmakers and Producer Mahaveer Jain celebrate Glorious journey of Anupam Kher and the success of Uunchai |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/leading-filmmakers-and-producer-mahaveer-jain-celebrate-glorious-journey-of-anupam-kher-and-the-success-of-uunchai/1234138/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mahaveer started his career as a producer in 2011 with ''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]'', featuring [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]] and [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |first=Avinash |last=Lohana|title=Meet Mahaveer Jain who took Bollywood's A-list to PM Narendra Modi |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/meet-mahaveer-jain-who-took-bollywoods-a-list-to-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/68661826.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-05-21 |title=Dekh Indian Circus is refreshing and entertaining: Imtiaz Ali |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/dekh-indian-circus-is-refreshing-and-entertaining-imtiaz-ali/articleshow/13344804.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film won 4 national awards at the [[60th National Film Awards]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web | date=2016-03-15 |title=7 National Award winners in team Dekh Indian Circus | website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/slideshows/7-national-award-winners-in-team-dekh-indian-circus/7-national-award-winners-in-team-dekh-indian-circus-2/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, he produced ''[[Chalo Jeete Hain]]'', a short film inspired by events from the childhood days of Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. The movie won the National Award for the Best non-feature film on [[family values]] at the [[66th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-26 |title=Chalo Jeete Hain: Inspired by Narendra Modi's childhood, this short film has a strong social message |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/chalo-jeete-hain-inspired-by-narendra-modis-childhood-this-short-film-has-a-strong-social-message-4828321.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-10 |title=66th National Film Awards: 'Chalo Jeete Hain' wins the 'Best Film on Family Values ' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/66th-national-film-awards-chalo-jeete-hain-wins-the-best-film-on-family-values-/articleshow/70613218.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2019, he produced ''[[Malaal (film)|Malaal]]'' along with [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Bhushan Kumar]] and [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-18 |title=Malaal first look: Sharmin Segal, Meezaan Jaaferi's debut film to release on 28 June |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/malaal-first-look-sharmin-segal-meezaan-jaaferis-debut-film-to-release-on-28-june-6655901.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, he also co-produced ''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]'' with Mrighdeep Singh Lamba'','' starring [[Sonakshi Sinha]] and [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]''.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-21 |title=Khandaani Shafakhana trailer: Sonakshi tries to break stigma around talking about sexual disorders and sex |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/khandaani-shafakhana-trailer-sonakshi-sinha-varun-sharma-badshah-5793062/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, his production company [[Mahaveer Jain Films]] produced ''[[Uunchai]]'' jointly with [[Rajshri Productions]] and Boundless Media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahaveer Jain emphasises the transformative power of creativity and its role in character building |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mahaveer-jain-emphasises-the-transformative-power-of-creativity-and-its-role-in-character-building-59371.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-30 |title=Amitabh Bachchan, Anupam Kher starrer adventure drama film 'Uunchai' completes 50 days in theatres |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/amitabh-bachchan-anupam-kher-starrer-adventure-drama-film-uunchai-completes-50-days-in-theatres/articleshow/96621952.cms |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The movie was directed by [[Sooraj R. Barjatya|Sooraj R Barjatya]], featuring [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Parineeti Chopra]] and [[Anupam Kher]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-21 |title=Abhishek Sharma and Mahaveer Jain to team up for espionage-action film based on Wuhan virus |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/abhishek-sharma-and-mahaveer-jain-to-team-up-for-espionage-action-film-based-on-wuhan-virus/articleshow/99673486.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the same year, he produced [[Ram Setu (film)|''Ram Setu'']], starring [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Jacqueline Fernandez]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akshay Kumar's Ram Setu becomes the second-highest opener for a Hindi film in 2022 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/akshay-kumars-ram-setu-becomes-the-second-highest-opener-for-a-hindi-film-in-2022/cid/1894326 |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> He produced [[Good Luck Jerry]] in 2022, featuring [[Janhvi Kapoor]] and [[Sushant Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2022-06-27 |title=Jahnvi Kapoor's 'Good Luck Jerry' to stream on Hotstar |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/jahnvi-kapoor-s-good-luck-jerry-to-stream-on-hotstar-11656313134210.html |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> In October 2023, Mahaveer collaborated with [[Warner Music India]] to launch Global Peace Anthem named 'Coming Home'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PR |first=ANI |date=2023-10-10 |title=Warner Music India and Mahaveer Jain Music Unveil Global Peace Anthem from Indian Origin Band Newcomers at World Cultural Festival in Washington D.C. |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/warner-music-india-and-mahaveer-jain-music-unveil-global-peace-anthem-from-indian-origin-band-newcomers-at-world-cultural-festival-in-washington-d-c/1797970/ |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Producer
|-
|2011
|''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]''
|rowspan="12"| Yes
|-
|2018
|''[[Chalo Jeete Hain]]''
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019
|''[[Malaal (film)|Malaal]]''
|-
|''[[Khandaani Shafakhana]]''
|-
|rowspan="3"|2022
|''[[Uunchai]]''
|-
|''[[Ram Setu (film)|Ram Setu]]''
|-
|''[[Good Luck Jerry]]''
|-
|2024
|''[[Binny and Family]]''
|-
|rowspan="2"|2026
|{{Pending film|Side Heroes}}
|-
|{{Pending film|Yeh Prem Mol Liya}}
|-
|2027
|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}}
|-
|{{TableTBA}}
|{{Pending film|White}}
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Film
!Results
!Ref.(s)
|-
|2012
|[[60th National Film Awards]]
|Best Children's film award
|''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]''
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-03-24 |title=Four National Awards for Imtiaz Ali's film |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/four-national-awards-for-imtiaz-alis-film/articleshow/19163571.cms |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|[[16th Busan International Film Festival]]
|Audience choice best popular film award
|''[[Dekh Indian Circus]]''
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-10-24 |title=It was my proudest moment: Vivek Oberoi |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/it-was-my-proudest-moment-vivek-oberoi/articleshow/10462932.cms |access-date=2023-11-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[66th National Film Awards]]
|Best non-feature film on family values
|[[Chalo Jeete Hain|''Chalo Jeetey Hain'']]
|Won
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-10 |title=66th National Film Awards: 'Chalo Jeete Hain' wins the 'Best Film on Family Values ' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/66th-national-film-awards-chalo-jeete-hain-wins-the-best-film-on-family-values-/articleshow/70613218.cms |access-date=2023-11-16 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Mahaveer}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gangoh Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:26:33Z

DelorisQha: adding new info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gangoh
| constituency_no = 7
| map_image = 7-Gangoh.svg
| mla = [[Kirat Singh Gurjar]]
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,25,432 (2017)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Gangoh Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Saharanpur district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Kairana Lok Sabha constituency]]. First assembly election in this assembly constituency was conducted in 2012 after the constituency came into existence in the year 2008 as a result of the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008".<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 11 June 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=11 June 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title= All MLAs from Assembly constituency |publisher=Elections.in|access-date=11 June 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/gangoh.html}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==

Extent of Gangoh Assembly is Ambehta, Gangoh, Ambehta NP, Titron NP & Gangoh NPP of Nakur Tehsil; Nanauta & Nanauta NP of Deoband Tehsil in [[Saharanpur district]].<ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008"/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Pradeep Choudhary]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|2019^
| rowspan="2" |[[Kirat Singh Gurjar]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gangoh<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kirat Singh Gurjar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:116582}}
|percentage = 43.08
|change = +4.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Inder Sain
|votes = {{formatnum:93133}}
|percentage = 34.42
|change = +16.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Noman Masood
|votes = {{formatnum:57695}}
|percentage = 21.32
|change = +3.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:604}}
|percentage = 0.22
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:23449}}
|percentage = 8.66
|change = -6.12
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:270590}}
|percentage = 70.07
|change = -1.91
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title= By-Election, 2019: Gangoh<ref name="By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur">{{cite news |last1=Zee News |title=By-election results 2019: List of winners in 51 Assembly and Satara, Samastipur |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |accessdate=9 January 2024 |date=25 October 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109071426/https://zeenews.india.com/india/by-election-results-2019-list-of-winners-in-51-assembly-and-satara-samastipur-2241916.html |archivedate=9 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kirat Singh
|votes = 68,300
|percentage = 30.51
|change = -8.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nauman Masood
|votes = 62,881
|percentage = 28.09
|change = -4.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Inder Sain
|votes = 57,374
|percentage = 25.63
|change = +7.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohammed Irshad
|votes = 32,276
|percentage = 14.41
|change = -3.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Sompal Kashyap
|votes = 02
|percentage = .003
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = NOTA
|votes = 730
|percentage = 0.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 5,419
|percentage = 2.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,24,598
|percentage = 60.69
|change = -11.32
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title= 2017 Assembly Elections: Gangoh<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pradeep Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:99446}}
|percentage = 38.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Nauman Masood
|votes = {{formatnum:61418}}
|percentage = 23.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Inder Sain
|votes = {{formatnum:47219}}
|percentage = 18.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mahipal Singh Majra
|votes = {{formatnum:44717}}
|percentage = 17.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:971}}
|percentage = 0.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:38028}}
|percentage = 14.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:257378}}
|percentage = 71.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +22.08
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=2012 Assembly Elections: Gangoh<ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=11 June 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pradeep Kumar
|votes = 65,149
|percentage = 28.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Ruder Sain
|votes = 61,126
|percentage = 26.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shagufta Khan
|votes = 41,110
|percentage = 17.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Nahid Hasan
|votes = 33,288
|percentage = 14.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Shashi Bala Pundir
|votes = 15,357
|percentage = 6.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remaining 9 candidates
|votes = 13,051
|percentage = 5.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 4,023
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,29,081
|percentage = 72.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics}}
*[[Saharanpur district]]
*Kairana (Lok Sabha c inonstituency)
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Kirat Singh Gurjar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Saharanpur district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Deshraj Karnwal

2026-04-19T05:26:10Z

DelorisQha: adding new post

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Deshraj Karanwal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|08|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Roorkee]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India (present-day [[Uttarakhand]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| constituency = [[Jhabrera (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jhabrera]]
| term =
| occupation = Politician
| predecessor = [[Hari Das]]
| successor = [[Virendra Kumar (Uttarakhand politician)|Virender Kumar Jati]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = [[Vijeyantimala Karnwal]]
| parents = Jagdish Prasad
| children =
| alma_mater =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source = https://myneta.info/uttarakhand2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=390
}}

'''Deshraj Karanwal''' is an Indian politician. He was a member of the [[4th Uttarakhand Assembly]] from [[Jhabrera (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Jhabrera]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-03-11|title=Jhabrera Election Results 2017|url=https://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/2017-election-results.html|publisher=www.india.com|access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>
He contested Legislative Assembly election from Jhabrera, in 2017 and won. He is associated with the Bhartiya Janta Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uttarakhand Assembly Election Results in 2017|url=https://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/2017-election-results.html|access-date=2022-02-18|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Deshraj Karanwal was born in Roorkee, Haridwar in 1969. He belongs to [[Dalit]] Caste and his wife Vijeyantimala is a schoolteacher. As per his election affidavit, Karanwal is graduated. Prior to entering politics, he was a Ration Dealer, Property Agent by profession.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

== Controversy ==
Deshraj Karnwal had given a controversial statement regarding the violence in Delhi on 26 January 2021. While on one hand he had condemned the Delhi violence, on the other hand he had given a controversial statement. The media asked him questions about the farmers' movement and Delhi violence, he blamed the opposition for it. At the same time, he said angrily that the farmers do not want a solution.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-30|title=Uttarakhand BJP MLA faces ire for likening farmers' demands to 'eagle's urine'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/dehradun-news/uttarakhand-bjp-mla-faces-ire-for-likening-farmers-demands-to-eagle-s-urine-101612016996724.html|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
Deshraj Karnwal had accused the leader of his own party, Kunwar Pranav Singh Champion, of endangering the life of his family. Both made verbal attacks for several days. Later both reconciled.<ref>{{Cite web|title=हरिद्वार: बीजेपी नेता कर्णवाल ने अपनी ही पार्टी के विधायक चैंपियन पर लगाया परिवार को खतरे का आरोप|url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/bjp-leader-desraj-karanwal-allegation-on-mla-champion-for-danger-to-his-family|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

Deshraj Karnwal has been in controversies many times. He threatened a Sugar mill officer on phone, abused the officer was also being done in the audio. Audio has gone viral on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=विधायक देशराज कर्णवाल ने फोन पर दी धमकी, ऑडियो वायरल|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/up-uttarakhand/video/bjp-mla-deshraj-karnwal-threatened-on-phone-audio-viral-rsup/825772|access-date=2022-02-09|website=Zee News|language=hi}}</ref>

Deshraj Karnwal has given an absurd statement and created controversy, he described himself as Eklavya, targeted the opposition.<ref>{{Citation|title=Roorkee: Deshraj Karnwal का बेतुका बयान, खुद को बताया एकलव्य, विपक्षियों पर साधा निशाना।|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaODTG9tnG4|language=en|access-date=2022-02-15}}</ref>

Then MLA Deshraj Karnwal had reached Bhagtowali village of [[Jhabrera|Jhabreda]] police station area, to get information regarding development works. During this, he was taking information from the villagers about the development works. Meanwhile, some villagers had started abusing him. Also indecent words were used. A villager had made a video of it and put it on social media, which went viral on sight. A complaint was lodged at the Jhabreda Police Station on behalf of the MLA's private secretary Jitendra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=रुड़की : विधायक कर्णवाल से अभद्रता में पांच पर मुकदमा, सोशल मीडिया पर वायरल हुई थी वीडियो|url=https://www.amarujala.com/dehradun/uttarakhand-villagers-threaten-mla-deshraj-karnwal-video-goes-viral-case-on-five-accused|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

== Requested ECI postpone election ==
Bharatiya Janata Party's Jhabreda MLA Deshraj Karnwal had written a letter to the [[Election Commission of India|Election Commission]] demanding change in the date of elections in [[Uttarakhand]]. He said that since February 14 is [[Guru Ravidass Jayanti|Guru Ravidas Jayanti]], the date of election should be changed in the state also on the lines of Punjab. MLA Deshraj Karnwal told that he has submitted a letter in this regard to the officials of the [[Election Commission of India]] in Delhi. But Election Commission of India did not consider his request letter and Election was held on 14 February as decided on schedule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=भाजपा विधायक देशराज कर्णवाल ने की मतदान तिथि बदलने की मांग, पंजाब के बाद उत्तराखंड में उठी आवाज, यह है वजह|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/uttarakhand-election/story-bjp-mla-deshraj-karnwal-demanded-change-of-polling-date-vidhan-sabha-election-2022-5611220.html|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{Facebook|mladeshrajkarnwal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karnwal, Deshraj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Roorkee]]

Bhausaheb Maharaj

2026-04-18T07:26:50Z

DelorisQha: made stub...

{{Short description|Founder of Inchegeri Sampradaya (c. 1843–c. 1914)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
|name= Bhausaheb Maharaj
|image=Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj.JPG
|caption=Shri Samartha Sadaguru Bhausaheb Maharaj
|alt =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
|birth_date= 1843
|birth_place= [[Karnataka]]
|birth_name=Bhausaheb Umadikar
|death_date= 1914
|death_place=
|founder = [[Inchegeri Sampradaya]]
|guru= Nimbargi Maharaj
|order =
|philosophy= [[Jnana yoga]]
|honors=
|footnotes=
}}
'''Bhausaheb Maharaj''' ({{circa|1843}} - c. 1914) was the founder of the [[Inchegeri Sampradaya]], to which the well-known Indian [[guru]] [[Nisargadatta Maharaj]] belonged.

==Biography==

===Background===
Bhausaheb Maharaj was born in 1843 as Venkatesh Khanderao Deshpande.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}{{Sfn|Dabade|1998|p=84}} Bhausaheb Maharaj belonged to the [[Deshastha Brahmin]] caste.{{Sfn|Dabade|1998|p=84}}{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}

===Spiritual life===
According to Kotnis, Bhausaheb Maharj was looked upon as the reincarnation of [[Tukaram|Sant Tukaram]]{{sfn|Kotnis|1963|p=17}} (1577–1650), a prominent [[Varkari]] [[Sant (religion)|Sant]] and spiritual poet of the [[Bhakti]], who had taken birth again in the Neelwani Lingayat community to finish his work of spreading the knowledge of Self-realisation.{{sfn|Kotnis|1963|p=17}} He met his guru Sri Nimbargi at the age of fourteen.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} At the request of Nimbargi,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> Bhausaheb Maharaj Deshpande (1843 Umdi - 1914 Inchgiri)<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Sadguru Shri Bhausaheb Maharaj Umdikar'' |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211064656/http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> received mantra initiation{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} from Shri Raghunathpriya Sadhu Maharaj,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> who was an ardent follower and a devoted disciple of Shri Gurulingajangam Maharaj.<ref>R.D. Ranade (1982), ''Mysticism In Maharashtra''</ref><ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" /> Bhausaheb Maharaj became a disciple of Nimbargi Maharaj.<ref group=web name="RanadeBhausaheb" />

==Teachings==

===The Ant's Way===
Bhausaheb Maharaj's teachings, and those of his student Gurudeo Ranade, have been called ''Pipilika Marg '',<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar">[http://nondualite.free.fr/c_profile.htm http://nondualite.free.fr, ''Shri Sadguru Siddharameshwar Maharaj'']</ref> "the Ant's way",<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> the way of meditation,<ref group=web name="sadguru.us-birdsway">{{Cite web |url=http://sadguru.us/thebirdsway.html |title=sadguru.us, ''The Bird's way'' |access-date=2014-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330175504/http://sadguru.us/thebirdsway.html |archive-date=2015-03-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> while the teachings of his student Siddharameshwar Maharaj, and Siddharameshwar Maharaj's disciples Nisargadatta Maharaj and Ranjit Maharaj have been called ''Vihangam Marg'',<ref group=web name="nondualite.free.fr-Siddharameshwar" /> "the Bird's Way", the direct path to Self-discovery.<ref group=web name="sadguru.us-birdsway" />{{refn|group=note|The terms appear in the Varaha Upanishad, Chapter IV: "34. (The Rishi) [[Shuka|Suka]] is a Mukta (emancipated person). (The Rishi) [[Vamadeva]] is a Mukta. There are no others (who have attained emancipation) than through these (viz., the two paths of these two Rishis). Those brave men who follow the path of Suka in this world become Sadyo-Muktas (viz., emancipated) immediately after (the body wear away); 
35. While those who always follow the path of Vamadeva (i.e., Vedanta) in this world are subject again and again to rebirths and attain Krama (gradual) emancipation, through Yoga, Sankhya and Karmas associated with Sattva (Guna). 
36. Thus there are two paths laid down by the Lord of Devas (viz.,) the Suka and Vamadeva paths. The Suka path is called the bird’s path; while the Vamadeva path is called the ant’s path."<ref group=web>[http://www.swamij.com/upanishad-varaha-bhumikas.htm swamji.com, ''Seven Bhumikas'']</ref>}} [[Ranjit Maharaj]] comments:
{{quote|There are two ways to realize: the bird's way or ant's way. By meditation (or ant's way) one can realize. The word or name has so much power. The name you were given by your parents has done so many things. Mantra is given by the master, but it is a very long way for the understanding. By chanting or saying the mantra you can go to the final reality. There are only two things: one is reality, the other is illusion. One word only can wipe out illusion.

So one thought [i.e. mantra] from the Master who has realized is sufficient to realize. It is a very lengthy way, that's the only thing. So my Master found the shortest way, by thinking. By unthinking you have become the smallest creature, and by thinking you can become the greatest of the great, why not? If you don't have the capacity to understand by thinking, the bird's way, then you can go by way of meditation. It is the long way and you have to meditate for many hours a day. People say they meditate, but most don't know how to meditate. They say that God is one and myself is another one, that is the duality. It will never end that way.

So one word is sufficient from the Master. Words can cut words, thoughts can cut thoughts in a fraction of a second. It can take you beyond the words, that is yourself. In meditation you have to eventually submerge your ego, the meditator, and the action of the meditation, and finally yourself. It is a long way.{{sfn|Ranjit Maharaj|1999}}}}

===Nama-Yoga===
Bhausaheb Maharaj's teachings were collected in a book called ''Nama-Yoga'', a term coined by the compilers and translators of the book, whereas Bhausaheb Maharaj himself called it Jnana Marga, just like Nimbargi Maharaj did.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} The editors wrote:
{{quote|"Nama-Yoga" is a word specially coined by us to designate the Spiritual Philosophy and Discipline of Sri [Bhausaheb] Maharaj. He himself called it Jnana-Marga - or Path of self-realisation. We have, however, used "Nama-Yoga" in a double sense. In fact, both the words - Nama and Yoga carry double meaning. Nama means i) Meditation on Divine Name and ii) Divinity in posse. Like many other saints, to Sri [Bhausaheb] Maharaj also, [[Nāma]] (name) and [[Rūpa]] (form) of God were identical. The Name itself was God. Yoga means Spiritual union or realisation of god. In the first sense, Nama-Yoga represents the Path, while in the second sense, it represents the Goal, as meditation, on Divine Name, if properly practiced, will lead to the realisation of the vision and bliss of the lord.{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}}}

==Lineage==
After his awakening he was authorized by Nimbargi to carry on the lineage,{{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}} and established the Inchegeri Sampraday.{{sfn|Frydman|1987}} Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj had many students, among which were:
* Sri Amburao Maharaj of Jigjivani (1857 Jigajevani - 1933 Inchgiri)<ref group=web name="RanadeAmburao">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/amhis.htm |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Sadguru Shri Amburao Maharaj'' |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207090930/http://www.gurudevranade.com/amhis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}
* [[Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade|Sri Gurudev Ranade]] of Nimbal<ref group=web name="RanadeAmburao" /><ref group=web name="RanadeRanade">{{Cite web |url=http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html |title=Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Shri Gurudev R. D. Ranade'' |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217201811/http://www.gurudevranade.com/gmhis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}<ref group=web name="BridgeIndia">[http://bridge-india.blogspot.nl/2011/08/shri-gurudev-r-d-ranade.html Bridge-India, ''Shri Gurudev R.D. Ranade'']</ref>
* Girimalleshwar Maharaj{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}
* [[Siddharameshwar Maharaj|Sri Siddharameshwar Maharaj]] (1875-1936){{sfn|Boucher|n.d.}}{{sfn|Frydman|1987}}
{{Navnath Sampradaya – Inchegiri Sampradaya}}

==See also==
* [[Advaita Vedanta]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==

===Published sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | last =Bokil | first =Vinayak Pandurang | year =1979 | title =Rajguru Ramdas | publisher =Kamalesh P. Bokil : sole distributors, International Book Service| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFoqAAAAYAAJ}}
* {{Citation | last =Boucher | first =Cathy | date =n.d. | title =The Lineage of Nine Gurus. The Navnath Sampradaya and Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj | url =http://nisargadatta.net/Navnath_Sampradaya.html}}
* {{Citation | last =Dabade | first =K.D. | year =1998 | title =Sociology of religion: a case study of Nimbargi Sampradaya | publisher =Mangala Publications}}
* {{Citation | last =Frydman | first =Maurice | year =1987 | title =Navanath Sampradaya. In: I Am That. Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj | place =Bombay | publisher =Chetana}}
* {{Citation | first =Appaji Kashinath | last =Kher | year =1895 | title =A higher Anglo-Marathi grammar | pages=446–454 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xO0EHQAACAAJ | accessdate =10 October 2010}}
* {{Citation | last =Kotnis | first =Anant Narsinha | year =1963 | title =Life sketch of Sant Tatyasaheb Kotnis}}
* {{Citation | last =Nisargadatta | year =1973 | title =I Am That | url =http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf | access-date =2014-10-03 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180127181347/http://www.anandavala.info/miscl/I_Am_That.pdf | archive-date =2018-01-27 | url-status =dead }}
* {{cite book |last=Ranjit Maharaj |year=1999 |title=Illusion vs. Reality: Dialogues with Shri Ranjit Maharaj on the "Stateless State |publisher=Sadguru Publishers}}
{{refend}}

===Web-sources===
{{reflist|group=web}}

==Further reading==
;Teachings
* {{Citation | last =Samartha Ramdas | year =2010 | title =Dasbodh - Spiritual Instruction for the Servant | publisher =Sadguru Publishing}}
* {{Citation | last =Deshpande | first =Manohar Srinivas | year =1978 | title =Sri Bhausaheb Maharaj: Life-sketch and Nama-yoga | publisher =Academy of Comparative Philosophy and Religion}}
;Background
* [http://nisargadatta.net/Navnath_Sampradaya.html Cathy Boucher, ''The Lineage of Nine Gurus. The Navnath Sampradaya and Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj'']

==External links==
* [http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html Gurudev R.D. Ranade, ''Sadguru Shri Bhausaheb Maharaj Umdikar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211064656/http://www.gurudevranade.com/bmhis.html |date=11 February 2020 }}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181020004254/http://www.shantikuteer.org/page.php?pi=21 ShantiKuteer Ashram, ''Bhausaheb Maharaj'']}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144030/http://www.balkrushnamauli.com/shri-bhausaheb-maharaj-nandeshwar/ balkrushnamauli.com, ''Shri Bhausaheb Maharaj (Nandeshwar)'']

{{Hindudharma}}

[[Category:Inchagiri Sampradaya]]
[[Category:Marathi Hindu saints]]

Nalbari Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:25:08Z

DelorisQha: started stub.

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nalbari
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 39
| map_image = Nalbari Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Jayanta Malla Baruah]]
| party = {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|'''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| division = [[Lower Assam division|Lower Assam]]
| district = [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| electors =
}}

The '''Nalbari Assembly constituency''' is number 59 out of 126 in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]. The assembly constituency comes under the [[Barpeta Lok Sabha constituency|Barpeta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="2" |Election
!Member
!Party affiliation
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
|[[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
!Narendra Nath Dutta
![[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
!Chandradhar Kalita
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Nagen Sarma]]
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
! rowspan="3" |[[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|2000^
![[Alaka Sarma]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
![[Madan Kalita]]
![[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}" |
|[[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
![[Alaka Sarma]]
![[Asom Gana Parishad]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
![[Jayanta Malla Baruah]]
![[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
![[Ashok Sarma]]
! rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
![[Jayanta Malla Baruah]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Nalbari}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Jayanta Malla Baruah]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Ashok Sarma]]|party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kenedi Pegu |party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Samsul Haque |party=Independent |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Safar Ali|party=Independent |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Muktar Hussain|party= Independent|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]] |party=None of the above (India) |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Nalbari}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = BJP
|candidate = [[Jayanta Malla Baruah]]
|votes =1,06,190
|percentage =58.84
|change = {{decrease}} 4.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Indian National Congress
|candidate =Pradyut Kumar Bhuyan
|votes =56,733
|percentage =31.43
|change ={{increase}} 2.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Assam Jatiya Parishad
|candidate =Nagen Deka
|votes =11,778
|percentage =6.53
|change ={{increase}} 6.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate =Gopi Baruah
|votes =1,389
|percentage =0.77
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent (politician)
|candidate =Keshab Barman
|votes =1,150
|percentage =0.64
|change =N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate =Kenedi Pegu
|votes =855
|percentage =0.48
|change ={{increase}} 0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =Independent (politician)
|candidate =Apurba Pathak
|votes =575
|percentage =0.32
|change =N/A
}}
{{ Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes =1,808
|percentage =1.00
|change =-
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =49,457
|percentage =27.41
|change ={{decrease}} 6.26
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =1,80,485
|percentage =86.77
|change ={{decrease}} 0.27
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors =2,07,223
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =BJP
|swing ={{decrease}} 4.08

}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Nalbari}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashok Sarma
|votes = 99,131
|percentage = 62.92
|change = +52.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Pradyut Kumar Bhuyan
|votes = 46,087
|percentage = 29.25
|change = -4.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Khurshid Alam
|votes = 3,608
|percentage = 2.29
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Shristi Sarma
|votes = 3,028
|percentage = 1.92
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Maheshwar Dutta
|votes = 1,676
|percentage = 1.06
|change = -2.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Harinarayan Das
|votes = 698
|percentage = 0.44
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jyotirmay Goswami
|votes = 611
|percentage = 0.38
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Maharishi Parasar Chakravarty
|votes = 398
|percentage = 0.25
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gopi Baruah
|votes = 271
|percentage = 0.17
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Jiten Kalita
|votes = 229
|percentage = 0.14
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Munindra Doley
|votes = 222
|percentage = 0.14
|change = -0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,576
|percentage = 1.00
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 53,044
|percentage = 33.67
|change = +26.68
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,57,535
|percentage = 87.04
|change = +12.49
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,80,991
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Nalbari}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jayanta Malla Baruah
|votes = 39,896
|percentage = 33.93
|change = +0.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Alaka Sarma
|votes = 31,673
|percentage = 26.94
|change = -17.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Anjan Barman
|votes = 15,970
|percentage = 13.58
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dilip Saikia
|votes = 12,507
|percentage = 10.64
|change = -4.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Madan Kalita
|votes = 9,615
|percentage = 8.18
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rabin Misra
|votes = 4,613
|percentage = 3.92
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Dipika Dutta
|votes = 1,411
|percentage = 1.20
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nanda Medhi
|votes = 842
|percentage = 0.72
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Taijuddin Ahmed
|votes = 562
|percentage = 0.48
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Sabitri Deka
|votes = 480
|percentage = 0.41
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 8,223
|percentage = 6.99
|change = -4.91
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,17,569
|percentage = 74.55
|change = -0.66
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Asom Gana Parishad
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|
title=Assam Legislative Assembly election, 2006: Nalbari}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = Alaka Sarma
|votes = 55,104
|percentage = 44.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Madan Kalita
|votes = 40,489
|percentage = 32.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashok Sarma
|votes = 18,623
|percentage = 15.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Gautam Pratap Goswami
|votes = 4,055
|percentage = 3.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Chandradhar Kalita
|votes = 1,563
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Narayan Pathak
|votes = 1,344
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = AGP(P)
|candidate = Nripal Barma
|votes = 961
|percentage = 0.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = LKS
|candidate = Satya Ram Talukdar
|votes = 606
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 14,615
|percentage = 11.90
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,22,745
|percentage = 75.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Asom Gana Parishad
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Nalbari]]
[[Category:Nalbari district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Assam]]

Dadar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:20:28Z

DelorisQha: adding new post

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dadar
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South Central]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 2008
| electors = 1,26,381
| reservation = None
}}
'''[[Dadar]]''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadar assembly election results in Maharashtra |url=https://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Dadar-in-Maharashtra |work=Elections.traceall |access-date= 16 August 2018 }}</ref> Dadar seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was merged into [[Mahim Assembly constituency|Mahim]] seat in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{|class=wikitable
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Trimbak Ramchandra Naravne || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || [[Pralhad Keshav Atre]]
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || rowspan=2 | Waman Shankar Matkar || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Hemachandra Shankar Gupte || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]] || Thakur Sharayu Govind || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || Sharayu Govind Thakur || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=2 | [[Manohar Joshi]] || {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || [[Vishakha Raut]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || [[Sada Sarvankar]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sada Sarvankar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 42,390 |percentage = 57.12% |change={{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhosale Shahaji Alias Rajan |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,341 |percentage = 39.54% |change={{increase}}10.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ulka Harshad Thakur |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 790 |percentage = 1.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhausaheb Sadashiv Shinde |party=Shivrajya Party |votes = 629 |percentage = 0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,049 |percentage = 17.58% |change= {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 74,208 |percentage = 58.72% |change= {{increase}}6.93 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,207}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 126,381|ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vishakha Raut]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 34,308 |percentage = 48.49% |change={{decrease}}19.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajan Bhosle |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,529 |percentage = 29.02% |change={{increase}}5.25 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Parab |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 13,182 |percentage = 18.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay Y. Kambli |party=Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes = 682 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhav Deshpande |party=Independent politician |votes = 618 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gajanan (Gaja) Sadanand Pednekar |party=Independent politician |votes = 586 |percentage = 0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ulka Harshad Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes = 532 |percentage = 0.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,779 |percentage = 19.48% |change= {{decrease}}25.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,748 |percentage = 51.78% |change= {{decrease}}14.31 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,747}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 136,624|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}19.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Manohar Joshi]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 58,901 |percentage = 68.34% |change={{increase}}13.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sharayu Govind Thakur |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,482 |percentage = 23.77% |change={{decrease}}4.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uke Dhanraj Mahadev |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,228 |percentage = 3.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sathe Bharat Pradip |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,054 |percentage = 1.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Satish Mangaldas Motiwale |party=Independent politician |votes = 746 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Xavier Robert Joseph |party=Independent politician |votes = 553 |percentage = 0.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38,419 |percentage = 44.58% |change= {{increase}}17.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,344 |percentage = 66.98% |change= {{increase}}3.00 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,184}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,400|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.98 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}13.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Manohar Joshi]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 47,617 |percentage = 54.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaurao Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,367 |percentage = 28.14% |change={{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayawant Moreshwar Patil |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 13,440 |percentage = 15.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,250 |percentage = 26.85% |change= {{increase}}21.92 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,445 |percentage = 63.72% |change= {{increase}}7.95 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,587}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 137,234|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}27.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Sharayu Govind Thakur |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,134 |percentage = 27.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sudhir Joshi |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,872 |percentage = 22.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dada Samant |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,608 |percentage = 22.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Medhekar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 10,398 |percentage = 15.71% |change={{decrease}}2.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Comjaiwant Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 5,794 |percentage = 8.75% |change={{decrease}}18.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithal Sawant |party=Independent politician |votes = 694 |percentage = 1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramchandra Hatiskar |party=Independent politician |votes = 620 |percentage = 0.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,262 |percentage = 4.93% |change= {{decrease}}1.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,893 |percentage = 55.73% |change= {{increase}}11.10 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,195}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,040|ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}6.03 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Thakur Sharayu Govind |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 18,421 |percentage = 33.43% |change={{increase}}18.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayawant Moreshwar Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 14,760 |percentage = 26.79% |change={{increase}}13.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gupte Hemchandra S. |party=Janata Party |votes = 10,795 |percentage = 19.59% |change={{decrease}}26.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gokhale Keshav Waman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 9,903 |percentage = 17.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tribineram Yadav |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Charan Singh]] |votes = 948 |percentage = 1.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,661 |percentage = 6.64% |change= {{decrease}}20.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,684 |percentage = 44.50% |change= {{decrease}}26.57 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,104}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 125,120|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.02 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.79 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Hemachandra Shankar Gupte |party=Janata Party |votes = 38,879 |percentage = 46.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Manohar Joshi]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 16,131 |percentage = 19.18% |change={{decrease}}0.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaurao Patil |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 12,579 |percentage = 14.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayawant Moreshwar Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 11,004 |percentage = 13.08% |change={{decrease}}4.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Waman Shankar Matkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 4,372 |percentage = 5.20% |change={{decrease}}37.72 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,748 |percentage = 27.04% |change= {{increase}}3.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 85,403 |percentage = 71.68% |change= {{decrease}}0.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 84,121}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,138|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.98 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.30 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Waman Shankar Matkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,292 |percentage = 42.92% |change={{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sudhir Gajanan Joshi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 13,724 |percentage = 19.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayawant Moreshwar Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 12,562 |percentage = 17.80% |change={{decrease}}13.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pramila M. Dandavate |party=Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 6,290 |percentage = 8.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gayamwkad Sharad Bajirao |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,210 |percentage = 4.55% |change={{decrease}}7.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhav Narayan Birje |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 2,845 |percentage = 4.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,568 |percentage = 23.47% |change= {{increase}}15.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,132 |percentage = 72.64% |change= {{increase}}2.30 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,578}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,297|ref = |change= {{increase}}5.54 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Waman Shankar Matkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,527 |percentage = 39.45% |change={{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayawant Moreshwar Patil |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 20,042 |percentage = 30.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. R. Dandavate |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 11,509 |percentage = 17.79% |change={{increase}}10.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. D. Mantri |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 7,629 |percentage = 11.79% |change={{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,485 |percentage = 8.48% |change= {{increase}}7.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,181 |percentage = 72.47% |change= {{increase}}1.08 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,707}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,082|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}1.31 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Pralhad Keshav Atre]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 22,469 |percentage = 40.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Ramchandra Narawane |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,843 |percentage = 39.62% |change={{increase}}11.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dattatraya Shankar Pradhan |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 6,761 |percentage = 12.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anusaya Shridhar Limaye |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 4,052 |percentage = 7.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 626 |percentage = 1.14% |change= {{decrease}}38.88 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,058 |percentage = 70.07% |change= {{decrease}}7.54 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 55,125}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,426|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}27.20 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Dadar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbak Ramchandra Naravne |party=Independent politician |votes = 34,080 |percentage = 67.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hirlekar Yamunarao Krishnarao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,013 |percentage = 27.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Birje Madhav Narayan |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,476 |percentage = 2.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakur Bechansingh Jagbir Singh |party=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 575 |percentage = 1.15% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,067 |percentage = 40.02% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 50,144 |percentage = 75.24% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 50,144}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 66,646|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.020|72.843|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dadar Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Mumbai City district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Maheshwar Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:00:06Z

DelorisQha: started new info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Maheshwar
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 183
| map_image = 183-Maheshwar.svg
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Khargone district|Khargone]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Khargone Lok Sabha constituency|Khargone]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Rajkumar Mev]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
}}
'''Maheshwar''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>
BJP leader [[Rajkumar Mev]] represents the constituency in the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha.<ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/maheshwar-election-result-2018-live-updates-candidate-list-winner-mla-leading-trailing-margin-1968733.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213110645/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/maheshwar-election-result-2018-live-updates-candidate-list-winner-mla-leading-trailing-margin-1968733.html |archive-date=13 December 2018 |title=Maheshwar Election Result 2018 Live Updates: Candidate List, Winner, MLA, Leading, Trailing, Margin}}</ref>

It is part of [[Khargone district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Ballabhdas Sitaram
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |''1962-1967: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|rowspan=2|Sitaram Sadhuram
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Nathubhai Sawale
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Sitaram Sadho
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|[[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Madan Verma
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Bhupendra Arya
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|[[Rajkumar Mev]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|[[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Rajkumar Mev]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Maheshwar<ref name="BJP Candidates MP 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-candidates-for-39-assembly-seats-in-madhya-pradesh-3-months-ahead-of-state-election-101692298341918.html|title=BJP releases first list of candidates for 39 seats in MP|work=Hindustan Times|accessdate=18 August 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rajkumar Mev]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:94383}}
|percentage = 50.25
|change = +31.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:88464}}
|percentage = 47.1
|change = -1.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1667}}
|percentage = 0.89
|change = -0.11
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5919}}
|percentage = 3.15
|change = -18.01
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:187839}}
|percentage = 82.82
|change = +1.54
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Maheshwar<ref name=election2018 name="election2018-3">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vijayalaxmi Sadho]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:83087}}
|percentage = 49.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mev Rajkumar
|votes = {{formatnum:47251}}
|percentage = 27.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhupendra Arya
|votes = {{formatnum:32601}}
|percentage = 19.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1689}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:35836}}
|percentage = 21.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:169395}}
|percentage = 81.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Maheshwar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coord|22.18|75.58|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Khargone district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Samir Kumar Sinha

2026-04-12T00:17:20Z

DelorisQha: made new biography

{{Short description|Civil Aviation Secretary of India}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Samir Kumar Sinha
| honorific_suffix = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| image =
| office = [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary of]] [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]
| term_start = 18 August 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = Vumlunmang Vualnam
| successor =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age text|16 November 1969}}
| birth_place = [[Bihar]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Civil servant
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted_list|([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]]) [[Hindu College, Delhi]] [[Delhi University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]) [[IIM Ahmedabad]]}}
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| caption =
}}
'''Samir Kumar Sinha''' (born 16 November 1969) is an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer of the 1994 batch of [[Assam]] cadre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Finance Ministry gets several new appointees in reshuffle of bureaucrats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arvind-shrivastava-appointed-revenue-secretary-in-centres-major-bureaucratic-reshuffle/article69464759.ece |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 April 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Currently he is serving as [[Secretary to the Government of India|Secretary of]] [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]]. Before that he served as [[Additional Secretary to the Government of India|Additional Secretary]] & Director General (Acquisition) in the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Department of Defence]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Samir Kumar Sinha appointed as new civil aviation secretary - ET Infra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/samir-kumar-sinha-appointed-as-new-civil-aviation-secretary/120409790 |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Senior bureaucrat Samir Kumar Sinha appointed Director General (Acquisition) in Defence Ministry |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/senior-bureaucrat-samir-kumar-sinha-appointed-director-general-acquisition-in-defence-ministry/articleshow/106656898.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=9 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=IAS Samir Kumar Sinha takes over as DG (Acquisition) in Defence Ministry |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/ias-samir-kumar-sinha-takes-over-as-dg-acquisition-in-defence-ministry-124010900236_1.html |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Samir Kumar was born on 16 November 1969<ref>{{cite news |title=Birthdate and education |url=https://personnel.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/personnel_webcomindia_org_oid_3/this_comm/ias_civil_list_feb2022_0.pdf |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[Government of Assam]]}}</ref> in [[Bihar]]. He holds a Masters degree in History from the [[Delhi University]]<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Man on a rural mission |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/man-on-a-rural-mission/cid/1551861 |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[Telegraph India]]}}</ref> and also a [[Postgraduate diploma|PG Diploma]] in Public Management and Policy from [[IIM Ahmedabad]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=IAS Samir Kumar Sinha Appointed Secy, Ministry of Civil Aviation - Know More About Him |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/news/ias-samir-kumar-sinha-appointed-secy-ministry-of-civil-aviation-know-more-about-him-113073/ |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=Indian Masterminds}}</ref>

==Works==

Samir Kumar Sinha has been a member of the [[Indian Administrative Service]] since 1994.<ref>{{cite web |title=Public ER Sheet_Supremo |url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=MTU1NTU=&PageId= |website=supremo.nic.in |access-date=2 June 2025}}</ref> Sinha began his administrative career as an Assistant Commissioner in the [[Cachar district]]. Over the years, he has held several key positions across [[Assam]], including Sub-Divisional Officer (Sadar) in [[Kokrajhar]], Sub-Divisional Officer (Civil) in [[Bijni]], and Staff Officer to the Chief Secretary of Assam.<ref name=":0" /> He has also served as Deputy Commissioner in both [[Tinsukia]] and [[Kamrup district]].<ref name=":1" />

In addition to these roles, he has held prominent positions in the [[Government of Assam]], such as Finance Secretary, Principal Secretary, Health Secretary,<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2020-06-07 |title=Central team studying Assam's COVID-19 management |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/central-team-studying-assams-covid-19-management/article31775251.ece |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-05-01 |title=Assam exempts political leaders and journalists from seven-day home quarantine |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/May/01/assam-exempts-political-leaders-andjournalists-from-seven-day-home-quarantine-2297338.html |access-date=2025-06-02 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> and Additional Chief Secretary to the [[Chief Minister of Assam|Chief Minister]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Samir Kumar}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]

Pandharpur Mangal Vedha Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:25:34Z

DelorisQha: new a data from scratch

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pandharpur Mangal Vedha
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1951 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 1,10,100
| mla = More Jaywant Ghanshyam
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Pandharpur Mangalvedha Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After the 1955 Delimitation act, it was added to [[Pandharpur Assembly constituency|Pandharpur]] constituency.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" rowspan="2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || More Jaywant Ghanshyam || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| Kamble Maruti Mahadeo || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Pandharpur Mangal Vedha <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = More Jaywant Ghanshyam |party = Independent politician |votes = 32,563 |percentage = 27.64% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Kamble Maruti Mahadeo |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 27,709 |percentage = 23.52% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Badwe Baburao Pralhad |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 26,679 |percentage = 22.65% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Babar Sidram Babaji |party = Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 25,327 |percentage = 21.50% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sarwaged Sopan Dhondo |party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 3,705 |percentage = 3.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Arali Bapu Yagappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,829 |percentage = 1.55% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,884 |percentage = 4.99% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 117,812 |percentage = 53.50% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 117,812}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,100 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War

2026-03-29T08:09:09Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|1798–99 conflict in the Kingdom of Mysore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
| partof = the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]]
| image = Anglo-Mysore War 4.png
| image_size = 300
| caption = A map of the war thereafter
| date = 1798 – 4 May 1799
| place = [[Deccan Plateau|Western Deccan region]], [[South India]], [[Indian subcontinent]]
| result = British victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore State]]
| combatant2 = {{Ubl|{{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Great Britain]]
*{{flagicon|East India Company}} [[East India Company]]}}
[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] [[Maratha Empire]] [[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Hyderabad State]]
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} [[Tipu Sultan]]{{KIA}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} [[Purnaiah]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} [[Ghulam Muhammad Khan|Ghulam Khan]]
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} Sipahsalar Sahib
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} Mir Hussain
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} Mohomed Miran
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
*{{flagicon|East India Company}} [[George Harris, 1st Baron Harris|George Harris]]
*{{flagicon|East India Company}} [[Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet|David Baird]]
*{{flagicon|East India Company}} [[James Stuart (British Army general)|James Stuart]]
*{{flagicon|East India Company}} James Dalrymple{{sfnp|Dalrymple|2003|p=180}}
*{{flagdeco|East India Company|1707}} [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]{{WIA}}
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] [[Baji Rao II|Bajirao II]]
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] [[Nana Fadnavis]]
*[[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] [[Shahu II]]
*[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]]
*[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Mir Alam]]
*[[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] [[Renuka Das Bhalerao|Renuka Bhalerao]]{{sfnp|Dalrymple|2003|p=179}}
*{{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png}} [[Mir Sadiq]][[Defected|(D)]]{{KIA}}<ref name="Sunderlal 2018 p. 364">{{cite book | last=Sunderlal | first=Pandit | title=How India Lost Her Freedom | publisher=SAGE Publications | year=2018 | isbn=978-93-5280-642-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4lIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA364 | access-date=20 January 2022 | page=364}}</ref>
}}
| strength1 = {{circa}} 37,000{{sfnp|Dalrymple|2003|p=191}}
| strength2 = {{flagicon|East India Company}} 60,000 [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] (supportive alliance) [[File:Flag of the State of Hyderabad (18th century-1900).svg|22px]] 10,480{{sfnp|Dalrymple|2003|p=179}}{{sfnp|Dalrymple|2003|p=180}}
| units1 =
| units2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Fourth Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Mysore Wars}}
}}
The '''Fourth Anglo-Mysore War''' was a conflict in [[South India]] between the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore State]] against the [[East India Company]], [[Maratha Empire]] and the [[Hyderabad State]] in 1798–99.<ref name="Kohn2013">{{cite book|last=Kohn|first=George Childs |year=2013|title=Dictionary of Wars|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qTDfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA322 |edition=Revised|location=London and New York|publisher=Routledge |pages=322–323 |isbn=978-1-135-95494-9}}</ref>

This was the last of the four [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]]. Although the Marathas had promised the land of [[Uttara Kannada]] to Mysore, they sided with the Company at the last moment which lead to the capture of the capital city Mysore by Company and the death of the ruler [[Tipu Sultan]] in the battle. Britain took indirect control of Mysore, restoring the [[Wadiyar dynasty]] to the Mysore throne (with a British commissioner to advise him on all issues), along with the Marathas. Tipu Sultan's young heir, Fateh Ali, was sent into exile. The Kingdom of Mysore became a [[princely state]] in a [[subsidiary alliance]] with East India Company covering parts of present day [[Kerala]]–[[Karnataka]] and ceded [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]], [[Dakshina Kannada]] and Uttara Kannada to the British.

==Background==
[[Napoleon Bonaparte]]'s [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria|landing]] in [[Ottoman Egypt]] in 1798 was intended to further the capture of the [[British possessions]] in India, and the Kingdom of Mysore was a key to that next step, as the ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, sought [[French First Republic|France]] as an ally and his letter to Napoleon resulted in the following reply, "You have already been informed of my arrival on the borders of the [[Red Sea]], with an innumerable and invincible army, full of the desire of releasing and relieving you from the iron yoke of England." Additionally, General [[Anne Joseph Hippolyte de Maurès, Comte de Malartic|Malartic]], French Governor of [[Isle de France (Mauritius)|Mauritius]], issued the Malartic Proclamation seeking volunteers to assist Tipu. [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Horatio Nelson]] ended any possibility of help from Napoleon after the [[Battle of the Nile]]. However, Lord [[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|Mornington]] had already set in motion a response to prevent any alliance between Tipu Sultan and France.Maratha leadership under Peshwa Baji Rao II and Nana Fadnavis maintained a position of strategic neutrality throughout the 1799 campaign. Despite this lack of active combat participation, the British utilized the alliance to isolate Tipu Sultan diplomatically. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Duff |first=James Grant |title=History of the Mahrattas, Vol. 3 |publisher=Legare Street Press |year=2023 |isbn=978-1019600306 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=Naravane>{{Cite book |last=Naravane|first=M. S.|year=2014|title=Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj |location=New Delhi|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation |pages=178–181|isbn=978-81-313-0034-3}}</ref>

==Invasion and British victory==
Three armies, [[Bombay Army|one from Bombay]] and two British (one of which contained a division that was commanded by Colonel [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]], the future 1st [[Duke of Wellington (title)|Duke of Wellington]]), marched into Mysore in 1799 and besieged the capital, [[Srirangapatnam]], after some engagements with Tipu. On 8 March, a forward force managed to hold off an advance by Tipu at the [[Battle of Seedaseer]].{{fact|date=November 2025}}

One notable military advance championed by Tipu Sultan was the use of mass attacks with iron-cased [[rocket]] brigades in the army. The effect of the [[Mysorean rockets]] on the British during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War|Third]] and Fourth Mysore Wars was sufficiently impressive to inspire [[Sir William Congreve, 2nd Baronet|William Congreve]] to develop the [[Congreve rocket]]s for [[Napoleonic Wars]].<ref name=Narasimha>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37179995 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727034357/https://www.nal.res.in/pdf/pdfrocket.pdf |title=Rockets in Mysore and Britain, 1750–1850 A.D. |last=Narasimha |first=Roddam |date=27 July 2011 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |publisher=National Aeronautical Laboratory and Indian Institute of Science.}}</ref>

During the war, rockets were used on several occasions. One of these involved Colonel Wellesley. At the [[Battle of Sultanpet Tope]], Wellesley's assault on the first day was soundly repulsed by Tipu's Diwan, [[Purnaiah]]. Quoting Forrest,
<blockquote>At this point (near the village of Sultanpet, Figure 5) there was a large tope, or grove, which gave shelter to Tipu's rocketmen and had obviously to be cleaned out before the siege could be pressed closer to Srirangapattana island. The commander chosen for this operation was Col. Wellesley, but advancing towards the tope after dark on the 5 April 1799, he was set upon with rockets and musket-fires, lost his way and, as Beatson politely puts it, had to "postpone the attack" until a more favourable opportunity should offer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Forrest |first=Denys |year=1970 |title=Tiger of Mysore: The Life and Death of Tipu Sultan |location=London|publisher=Chatto & Windus|isbn=0-7011-1581-5}}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2021}}</blockquote>

The following day, Wellesley launched a fresh attack with a larger force, and took the whole position without losing a single man.<ref>{{cite book|last=Holmes|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Holmes (military historian)|year=2003|title=Wellington: The Iron Duke|location=London |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|pages=58|isbn=0-00-713750-8}}</ref> On 22 April 1799, twelve days before the main battle, rocketeers worked their way around to the rear of the British encampment, then "threw a great number of rockets at the same instant" to signal the beginning of an assault by 6,000 Indian infantry and a corps of Frenchmen, all directed by Mir Golam Hussain and Mohomed Hulleen Mir Miran. The rockets had a range of about 1,000 yards. Some burst in the air like shells. Others, called ground rockets, would rise again on striking the ground and bound along in a serpentine motion until their force was spent. According to one British observer, a young English officer named Bayly: "So pestered were we with the rocket boys that there was no moving without danger from the destructive missiles ...". {{citation needed|date=July 2025}} He continued:
<blockquote>The rockets and musketry from 20,000 of the enemy were incessant. No hail could be thicker. Every illumination of blue lights was accompanied by a shower of rockets, some of which entered the head of the column, passing through to the rear, causing death, wounds, and dreadful lacerations from the long bamboos of twenty or thirty feet which are invariably attached to them.</blockquote>

During the decisive British [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|attack on Seringapatam]] on 2 May 1799, with the help of [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and [[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|the Nizam]], a British shot struck a magazine of rockets within Tipu Sultan's fort, causing it to explode and send a towering cloud of black smoke with cascades of exploding white light rising up from the battlements. On the afternoon of 4 May, when the final attack on the fort was led by Sir [[Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet|David Baird]], he was met by "furious musket and rocket fire", but this did not help much; in about an hour's time, the fort was taken; perhaps within another hour Tipu had been shot (the precise time of his death is not known), and the war was effectively over.<ref>{{cite book|last=Narasimha|first=Roddam |author-link=Roddam Narasimha |date=May 1985 |url=http://www.nal.res.in/pdf/pdfrocket.pdf |title=Rockets in Mysore and Britain, 1750–1850 A.D. |place=Bangalore, India |publisher=National Aeronautical Laboratory and Indian Institute of Science|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303205010/http://www.nal.res.in/pdf/pdfrocket.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2012 }}</ref> When the British were on the verge of victory, the French allies reportedly told Tipu to flee, but Tipu refused and famously said "Better to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep".<ref>http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199539536.001.0001/acref-9780199539536-e-156, Tipu Sultan's world-famous quote, "Better to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep" on oxfordreference.com website, Retrieved 14 February 2017</ref> The death of Tipu Sultan led British General George Harris to exclaim "now India is ours".<ref name="Moienuddin2000">{{cite book | author =Mohammad Moienuddin | title =Sunset at Srirangapatam: After the Death of Tipu Sultan | year =2000 | publisher =Sangam Books | isbn =978-0-86311-850-0 | oclc =48995204 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=tBFWAAAAYAAJ&q=exclaim}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The victors, rather than partitioning the country, forced Tipu's family into exile and restored control of Mysore to the [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyars]].{{fact|date=November 2025}}

Many members of the East India Company believed that [[Umdat ul-Umara]], the [[Nawab of Carnatic]], secretly provided assistance to Tipu Sultan during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War; and they immediately sought his deposition after the end of the conflict.{{fact|date=November 2025}}

The territory of the [[Nawab of Savanur]] was split among the British and Maratha forces.{{fact|date=November 2025}}

The spot where Tipu's body was discovered under the eastern gate has been fenced off by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], and a plaque erected. The gate was later demolished during the 19th century to lay a wide road. After Tipu Sultan was defeated and killed, the British offered a portion of the conquered Mysore territory to the Marathas as a gesture of "goodwill" for their technical alliance. However, the Marathas rejected the offer because it came with the condition that they accept a British Resident at their court and a British subsidiary force.<ref name=":0" />{{fact|date=November 2025}}

==In popular culture==
The war, specifically the [[Battle of Mallavelly]] and the siege of Seringapatam, with many of the key protagonists, is covered in the historical novel ''[[Sharpe's Tiger]]'' by [[Bernard Cornwell]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cornwell|first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Cornwell|title=Title: Sharpe's Tiger |website=bernardcornwell.net |url=http://bernardcornwell.net/index.cfm?page=2&BookId=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202120215/http://bernardcornwell.net/index.cfm?page=2&BookId=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2007|access-date=26 May 2019}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Fall of Tipu Sultan (1799)" widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4">
File:The storming of Seringapatam - John Vendramini, 1802 - BL P779.jpg|''The Storming of Seringapatam'' by [[Giovanni Vendramini]], 1802
File:The Last Effort of Tippu Sahib at Seringapatam p.334.jpg|''The Last Effort of Tippoo Saib at Seringapatam'' by B. Clayton, 1840<ref name=Corner>{{cite book|last=Corner|first=Julia|author-link=Julia Corner|title=The History of China & India, Pictorial & Descriptive|date=1840|publisher=Dean & Co., Threadneedle St.|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofchinain00corn/page/n419/mode/2up 334]}}</ref>
File:Tipu death.jpg|''[[The Last Effort and Fall of Tippoo Sultaun]]'' by [[Henry Singleton (painter)|Henry Singleton]], {{circa|1800}}
File:Finding the body of Tippoo Sultan - Samuel William Reynolds, 1800 - BL P428.jpg|''Finding of the Body of Tippoo Sultaun'' by [[Samuel William Reynolds]], 1800
File:General Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tippoo Sahib.jpg|''[[Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tipoo Sahib]]'' by [[David Wilkie (artist)|David Wilkie]], 1839
File:P 229.jpg|British Marker showing the location where Tipu's body was found
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |author-link=William Dalrymple (historian) |year=2003 |orig-year=2002 |title=[[White Mughals|White Mughals: Love & Betrayal in Eighteenth-Century India]] |publisher=Flamingo |isbn=978-0-00-655096-9}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|ref=none |first=John Clark |last=Marshman |author-link=John Clark Marshman |year=1867 |chapter=Chapter XIX: Lord Wellesley's Administration—Fourth and Last Mysore War, 1798, 1799 |title=The History of India, From the Earliest Period to the Close of Lord Dalhousie's Administration |volume=II |location=London |publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindiafr02marsiala/page/71/mode/2up 71]–[https://archive.org/details/historyofindiafr02marsiala/page/102/mode/2up 102]}}
*{{cite book|ref=none |last=Carter |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Carter (writer) |year=1861 |chapter=The Mysore War and Siege of Seringapatam |title=Medals of the British Army, and How They Were Won |location=London |publisher=Groombridge and Sons |pages=[https://archive.org/details/medalsbritishar02cartgoog/page/n18/mode/2up 2]–[https://archive.org/details/medalsbritishar02cartgoog/page/n22/mode/2up 6]}}
*{{cite book |ref=none |last1=Mill |first1=James |author-link1=James Mill |last2=Wilson |first2=Horace Hayman |author-link2=Horace Hayman Wilson |year=1858 |chapter=Chapter VIII: Lord Mornington Governor-General.—Agents of Tippoo at the Isle of France.—Governor-General resolves on immediate War.—Import of the Circumstances.—Opinions in India.—Nizam Ali receives more English Troops and dismisses the French.—Unfruitful Negotiations at Poonah.—Progression of Governor-General's Demands.—War begins.—Plan of the Campaign.—March of the Army.—Siege of Seringapatam.—Alarming Situation of the British Army in regard to Food.—Seringapatam taken, and the Sultan killed.—Division and Settlement of the conquered Country|title=[[The History of British India]] |volume=VI |edition=5th |location=London |publisher=James Madden; Piper, Stephenson and Spence |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=zVQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA50 50]–[https://books.google.com/books?id=zVQIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA121 121]}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Anglo-Mysore Wars]]|years=|before=[[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]|after=None}}
{{succession box|title=Indo-British conflicts|years=|before=[[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]|after=[[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{British colonial campaigns}}
{{Indian Independence Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-Mysore War 04}}
[[Category:1798 in India]]
[[Category:1799 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1798]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1799]]
[[Category:Wars involving British India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Kingdom of Mysore]]

Annadale, Shimla

2026-03-27T17:36:49Z

DelorisQha:

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =
| image_skyline = Annadale from uphill.jpg
| image_caption = Annadale ground and suburb view from uphill
| official_name = Annadale
| named_for = Anna, [[Charles Pratt Kennedy]]'s beloved
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Classification of Indian cities|City]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimla]]
| elevation_m = 1,864
| elevation_ft = 6,117
| Time zone =
| timezone1 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 171003
| registration_plate =
| coordinates = {{coord|31.112616|77.159479|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe = Yes
| mapframe-caption = Location of Annadale in [[Shimla]] city
| nickname = Heart of Shimla
}}
'''Annadale''', also spelled as '''Annandale''', is a part of [[Shimla]] city, in the Indian state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. It is a flat valley bottom which includes a helipad as well as a golf course.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/musings/good-old-shimla-a-thing-of-the-past/746258.html|title=Good old Shimla a thing of the past|date=21 March 2019|work=Tribune|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/veteran-bjp-leader-advani-arrives-in-shimla-on-week-long-visit/791569.html|title=Veteran BJP leader Advani arrives in Shimla on week-long visit|date=22 June 2019|work=Tribune|access-date=28 November 2019}}</ref> Annadale has also an army cantonment, now memorialised in an [[Army Heritage Museum, Shimla|Army Heritage Museum]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Shimla Summer Festival starts today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/shimla-summer-festival-starts-today/as69632214.cms |access-date=22 January 2020 |work=Times of India Travel |date=3 June 2019}}</ref> Due to its lush green environment, historical importance and geography, it is also known as the "Heart of Shimla".<ref>{{cite web|title=खूबसूरती और इतिहास के लिए मशहूर है अनाडेल|url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/annadale-ground-of-shimla-has-rich-history|access-date=2 September 2021|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The region in which Annadale is located was first documented in 1834, in the East Indian United Service Journal. When British officers saw the area for the first time, they found it similar to the Annandale valley in [[Dumfriesshire]] or County of Dumfries in [[Scotland]], and decided to name it after the Scottish location because most of the officers hailed from the Scotland's Annandale.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

According to another story, [[Charles Pratt Kennedy]], the political agent of the British government who was assigned to find a suitable place in India for selecting the [[Summer capital|Summer Capital]], came to Shimla hills in 1822. He was so impressed by the beauty of the dale that he named it after "Anna" his lady love back in [[England]]. It is perhaps for this reason, that it has been spelt as both 'Annandale' and 'Annadale' in documents pertaining to Shimla.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India: Latest news, India, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal, Uttarakhand, J&K, sports, cricket|website=tribuneindia.com|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Old photo of Annadale, Shimla.jpg|thumb|Old photo of Annadale ground]]

===British Raj===
Annadale was first used by [[East India Company]] and then the [[British Raj]], which is why natives originally called it "''Company Ka Baag''". It was a place of enjoyment and entertainment for the British, offering fancy dress shows, picnics, and birthday celebrations. Every year a National Championship of [[Polo]] was organised there.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/annadale-ground-of-shimla-has-rich-history|title=खूबसूरती और इतिहास के लिए मशहूर है अनाडेल|date=2 May 2014|work=Amar Ujala|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref> Cultural and social festivals were organised there including [[Gymkhana]], [[Fête champêtre|fete champetre]] and sports such as [[polo]] and [[cricket]]. Under the British Army, the grounds were also used for training and [[parade]]s.<ref name="auto1"/> A funfair was organised in September 1833 to raise funds for setting up a school at [[Sabathu]] for native girls. In 1839, the first Fancy fair was organised there.

The [[Durand Cup|Durand Football Tournament]] was started in 1888 in Annadale by [[Mortimer Durand]]. It was interrupted during [[World War I]] and [[World War II]]. The venue was shifted to [[Delhi]] in 1940.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2021 |title=Asia's oldest football tourney Durand Cup to return after a year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/asias-oldest-football-tourney-durand-cup-to-return-after-a-year/amp_articleshow/85268931.cms&ved=2ahUKEwjd3rO5nteKAxWdcmwGHe6TLysQyM8BKAB6BAgJEAE&usg=AOvVaw00eVERW0_zh9lqVsBevgaH |url-status=live |archive-url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/asias-oldest-football-tourney-durand-cup-to-return-after-a-year/amp_articleshow/85268931.cms&ved=2ahUKEwjd3rO5nteKAxWdcmwGHe6TLysQyM8BKAB6BAgJEAE&usg |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=1 January 2024 |work=Times of India |pages=1}}</ref>
===After independence===
Gymkhana, polo, football, hockey, cricket matches, and other cultural and social festivals were organised in Annadale after [[Independence Day (India)|independence]]. [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]] was the main event organised, attracting people from the city, but in 1972 a clash between army and police created enmity between the military and civil administration. After this incidence, the event was shifted to [[Jakhu Temple]]. Another major event was the 1971 plenary session of the [[All India Congress Committee]]. In addition, a national women's field hockey championship was also organised there. A [[Yajna]] was organised by [[Shantikunj|Gayatri Parivar]] in 1994.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India : Latest news, India, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal, Uttarakhand, J&K, sports, cricket|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/|access-date=29 November 2019|website=tribuneindia.com}}</ref>

In 2006, the Army established a [[Army Heritage Museum, Shimla|war museum]] on the periphery of the ground.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ground of contention |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120420/himachal.htm#1 |last=Lohumi |first=Rakesh |access-date=30 August 2020 |work=The Tribune|date=19 April 2012}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Annadale from uphill.jpg|thumb|Location of Annadale locality and ground in Shimla as seen from uphill]]
Annadale is located 2 km away from [[Shimla railway station|Shimla Railway Station]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Simla|last=Harrison|first=J. B.|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=Oxford Art Online|doi = 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t078816}}</ref> Annadale lies exactly below [[Kaithu, Shimla|Kaithu]] locality. The area is situated between lush green mountains and [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar]] trees. If [[The Ridge, Shimla|The Ridge]] is taken as a center point then as the [[Jakhoo|Jakhu]] is on the steep slope up on the hill at the distance of 1.6 km and Annadale is down the hill from The Ridge at the distance of 3.2 km. Annadale has spread from the forest area of [[Glen, Shimla|Glen]], area below [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] to Gol Pahari Park near Kashyap Niwas.

== Importance of the ground ==
[[File:Annadale ground view from Kaithu.jpg|thumb|Annadale Ground from uphill]]
The Annadale ground is the wide flat valley bottom which is situated in a valley bottom. It is a scenic ground which can be seen from many hilltop locations of the city.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 September 2021|title=President Kovind arrives on four-day visit to Himachal Pradesh|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/president-kovind-on-four-day-visit-to-himachal-pradesh-from-today-101631771886836.html|access-date=8 October 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== Golf course ===
[[File:Annadale Ground Shimla.jpg|thumb|Annadale ground Golf course]]
The Annadale ground also has a golf course, making it the only one in the city.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ashwani|date=11 March 2020|title=Shimla: Playgrounds and parks vanish in the name of development|url=https://citizenmatters.in/shimla-urbanisation-causes-loss-of-parks-and-open-spaces-16119|access-date=18 March 2021|website=Citizen Matters|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=30 May 2018|title=Shimla water crisis: Himachal Pradesh HC bans construction activity, washing of cars for a week|url=https://scroll.in/latest/880783/shimla-water-crisis-himachal-pradesh-hc-bans-construction-activity-washing-of-cars-for-a-week|access-date=18 March 2021|work=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Helipad ===
[[File:Mohd. Hamid Ansari being welcomed by the Governor, Himachal Pradesh, Ms. Urmila Singh and the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, Shri Prem Kumar Dhumal on his arrival, at Annadale Helipad, in Shimla on May 18, 2010.jpg|thumb|Vice Prisedent Mr. Hamid Ansari on his arrival at Annadale welcomed by the then CM of Himachal Pradesh Mr. Prem Kumar Dhumal]]
Annadale Ground has a lot of importance in the city mainly due to its lead serving helipad. Every VIP or celebrity lands there whenever they come to Shimla, because [[Shimla Airport]] is 20 km away from the main city. Only The [[President of India]] usually lands at Kalyani helipad in [[Chharabra]] because of the President's retreat location being there.<ref>{{Cite news|last= ठाकुर|first=अरविन्द|date=22 July 2020|title=शिमला के अनाडेल मैदान में उतरा चिनूक हेलीकॉप्टर|url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/himachal-news-chinook-helicopter-land-in-annadale-ground-shimla|access-date=18 March 2021|work=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=President Ram Nath Kovind's Shimla visit cut short by a day|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/president's-visit-cut-short-by-a-day-310624|access-date=8 October 2021|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref>

=== Disaster management purposes ===
The Ground has been used by [[Indian Army]] for [[Disaster management in India|Disaster management purposes]] since the past. The ground has been used for conducting various disaster relief and management exercises mainly because Shimla and its adjoining areas are earthquake prone. Annadale Ground has the strategic significance for the Army from the national security perspective. The ground's significance for disaster management was witnessed in [[2011 Sikkim earthquake]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 April 2012|title=Army, Himachal govt head for confrontation|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/army-himachal-govt-head-for-confrontation_770084.html|access-date=8 October 2021|website=Zee News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Army, Himachal govt head for confrontation over Annandale ground|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-himachal-govt-head-for-confrontation-over-annandale-ground-476722|access-date=8 October 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 April 2012|title=Himachal govt, Army head for confrontation|url=https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/himachal-govt--army-head-for-confrontation-158491|access-date=8 October 2021|website=www.mid-day.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ShimlaApril 15">{{Cite magazine |last=IANS |date=15 April 2012 |title=Army, Himachal govt head for confrontation over Annandale ground|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/indian-army-himachal-government-annandale-ground-99170-2012-04-14 |magazine=India Today |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Annandale ground: Army, Himachal head for confrontation – Hill Post|date=15 April 2012 |url=https://hillpost.in/2012/04/annandale-ground-army-himachal-head-for-confrontation/43876/|access-date=8 October 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Landmarks ==
=== Army Heritage Museum ===
[[File:Army Heritage Museum.jpg|thumb|Green House in Army Heritage Museum]]
[[Army Heritage Museum, Shimla|The Army Heritage Museum]] in Annadale was established in 2006. It contains historical weapons, arts and many war memory objects. It is located close to the Annadale ground near the forest area.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 January 2021|title=New additions to Army Heritage Museum|language=en|work=Tribune India|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/new-additions-to-army-heritage-museum-203340|access-date=18 March 2021}}</ref>

===Shri Ram Mandir===
[[File:Ram Mandir, Annadale, Shimla.jpg|thumb|Shri Ram Mandir near Annadale Chowk]]
Annadale has Shri Ram temple near Annadale Chowk.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 August 2019|title=शिमला के राम मंदिर के पुजारी और परिवार के साथ दिनदिहाड़े मारपीट, जानिए वजह|url=https://himachal.punjabkesari.in/himachal-pradesh/news/priest-and-family-assault-in-ram-temple-of-annadale-1039983|access-date=8 March 2021|work=Punjabkesari}}</ref>

===Gan Devta Mandir (Devra Mandir)===
[[File:Gan Devta Mandir (Devra Mandir), Annadale, Shimla.jpg|thumb|Gan Devta Mandir (Devra) near Army Heritage Museum]]
Gan Devta temple or Devra temple made in [[Kath kuni architecture|Kath Kuni]] architectural style is the temple dedicated to the family deity of the locals and it is one of the oldest temples in Shimla, it is located near Army Heritage Museum.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== Controversy ==
Annadale was embroiled in a controversy from 2005 to 2012, when the [[Government of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh Government]] proposed to build an international cricket stadium in the area, but the [[Indian Army]] refused this proposal by saying that it would damage the scenic charm and nature of the valley. In 2011, the government made an idea to ask the people of Shimla about this decision, in which the board was placed on [[The Ridge, Shimla|The Ridge]], on which the people who supported the proposal are required to sign on the board. Most people supported the concept by signing on the board, but the government still needed to heed the Army's demand by cancelling the plan. The cricket stadium proposal was then shifted to [[Dharamshala]], where the [[Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium|HPCA Stadium]] was later built.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.himachallive.com/annadale-ground-issue-in-forefront-again-in-himachal.html|title=Annadale ground issue in forefront again in Himachal – Himachal Live|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2020 |date=17 November 2012}}</ref><ref name="ShimlaApril 15"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Annadale, Shimla}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shimla]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Shimla]]

Shamsher Bahadur I

2026-03-24T09:42:36Z

DelorisQha:

{{Inline citations|date=October 2023}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shamsher Bahadur I
| succession = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] ruler of [[Banda (state)|Banda]]
| reign = 28 April 1740 – 18 January 1761
| predecessor = [[Baji Rao I]], Peshwa of [[Maratha Empire]]
| successor = [[Ali Bahadur I]]
| birth_date = 1734
| birth_place = Mastani Palace, [[Shaniwarwada]], [[Pune]], [[Maratha Empire]]
| death_date = {{date of death and age|1761|1|18|1734|df=y}}, [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], [[Maratha Empire]] [[India]]
| spouse = Lal Kanwar Mehrambai Sahib Jan
| issue = [[Ali Bahadur I]]
| full name = Shamsher Bahadur I
| house = [[Bhat family|Bhat]] ([[Maratha Empire]])
| father = [[Baji Rao I]]
| mother = [[Mastani]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}
'''Shamsher Bahadur I''' (born '''Krishna Rao''' 1734 – 18 January 1761), was a ruler of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] dominion of [[Banda (state)|Banda]] in northern [[India]] (in the historic region of [[Bundelkhand]]). He was the son of Peshwa [[Bajirao I]] and [[Mastani]].<ref name="BSR_2005">{{cite book |author=Bhawan Singh Rana |title=Rani of Jhansi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hKthqa2kkQC&pg=PA22 |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=Diamond |isbn=978-81-288-0875-3 |pages=22–23}}</ref><ref name="Chid_1951">{{cite book |author=Chidambaram S. Srinivasachari (dewan bahadur) |title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ |year=1951 |publisher=University of Madras |page=219 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Rosemary Crill |author2=Kapil Jariwala |title=The Indian Portrat, 1560–1860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ongF6dkNKAcC&pg=PA162 |year=2010 |publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-81-89995-37-9 |page=162 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Krishna Rao was the son of [[Maratha Peshwa and Generals from Bhat Family|Peshwa]] Baji Rao I and his second wife [[Mastani]], daughter of Maharaja [[Chhatrasal]] and [[Ruhani Bai Begum|Ruhani Rai Begum]], Ruhani Bai. Bajirao wanted his son to be accepted as a [[Hindu]] [[Brahmin]], but because his mother was a Muslim, Brahmin priests refused to conduct the Hindu [[upanayana]] ceremony for him. Thus, Bajirao ordered that he be raised as a [[Muslim]].{{fact|date=September 2025}}

His education and military training was conducted in line with other sons of the Peshwa family, even though many Maratha nobles and chiefs did not recognize Mastani as a legitimate wife of the Peshwa.<ref name="BSR_2005" />

After the death of both Baji Rao and Mastani in 1740, Shamsher was taken into the household of [[Kashibai]], Baji Rao's widow, and raised as one of her own. He married Laal Kunwar daughter of Abdul Momin (Lakshadhira Dalpatrao Pawar) on 14 January 1749, and soon after her death in 1753, Shamsher Bahadur was married to Mehrambai on 18 October 1753. Shamsher Bahadur had one son by Mehrambai named Krishna Sinh, later known as Ali Bahadur. He succeeded Shamsher Bahadur as the Peshwa [[Subahdar]] of Banda.{{fact|date=September 2025}}

==Military career and reign==
Shamsher Bahadur was bestowed upon a portion of his father's dominion of [[Banda (state)|Banda]] and [[Kalpi]] in present day North Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

He, alongside [[Raghunathrao]], [[Malharrao Holkar]], [[Dattaji Rao Scindia|Dattaji Shinde]], [[Jankoji Rao Scindia|Jankoji Shinde]] and other Sardars, went to Punjab in 1757–1758 to fight the [[Durrani Empire]] and conquered [[Attock]], [[Peshawar]], [[Multan]] in 1758.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} He was part of Maratha Conquest of North India.

In 1761, he and his army contingent fought alongside his cousins from the Peshwa family in the [[Third Battle of Panipat]] between the Marathas and Afghan forces of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]]. He was wounded in that battle and died a few days later at Deeg.<ref>{{cite book |author=Henry Dodwell |title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoI8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA407 |year=1958 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=407– |id=GGKEY:96PECZLGTT6}}</ref>

==Descendants==
Upon the death of Shamsher, his son [[Ali Bahadur I|Krishna Sinh]] (Ali Bahadur) (1758-1802), became the Nawab of the dominion of [[Banda (state)|Banda]] (present day [[Uttar Pradesh]]) in northern [[India]], a vassal of [[Maratha Empire|Maratha polity]].<ref name="google2">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0bRAAAAMAAJ&q=shamsher+bahadur+subedar+jhansi |title=The Inwardness of British Annexations in India - Chidambaram S. Srinivasachari (dewan bahadur) |date=2009-02-12 |accessdate=2015-06-21}}</ref> Under the auspices of the powerful Maratha nobles, Ali Bahadur established his authority over large parts of Bundelkhand and became the Nawab of Banda and placed his trusted aide Ramsingh Bhatt as kotwal of Kalinjar.

His son and successor Shamsher Bahadur II held allegiance towards the Maratha polity and fought the English in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War|Anglo-Maratha War of 1803]]<ref name="google2" /><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ViSYYQZZWEcC&q=nawab+of+banda+ali+bahadur&pg=PA11 |title=Fall of the Mughal Empire: 1789-1803 - Jadunath Sarkar |date=1992-01-01 |isbn=9780861317493 |accessdate=2015-06-21|last1=Sarkar |first1=Jadunath }}</ref> His descendant Ali Bahadur fought alongside [[Rani Lakshmibai]] in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|First War of Indian Independence of 1857]]. After his defeat, Banda state was abolished by the [[East India Company]] government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/muslim-sons-of-a-brahmin-peshwa-11575604090939.html|title = Muslim sons of a Brahmin 'Peshwa'|date = 6 December 2019}}</ref> The present day descendants of Shamsher Bahadur live in Central India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marwah |first1=Ritu |title=Mastani's Son, Shamsher Bahadur I |url=https://indiacurrents.com/mastanis-son-shamsher-bahadur-i/ |issue=22 December |publisher=indiacurrents.com |date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganeshan |first1=Ranjita |title=Why Bajirao Mastani has upset two families |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/why-bajirao-mastani-has-upset-two-families-115121101048_1.html |accessdate=27 February 2020 |work=Business Standard |issue=12 December 2015 |date=2015}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
In the 2015 film ''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'' he was referenced and his naming ceremony was shown. In the 2019 film ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]'', Shamsher Bahadur I was played by [[Sahil Salathia]].

==See also==
*[[Mastani]]
*[[Bajirao I|Peshwa Bajirao]]
*[[Bhat family]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* [[Ranjit Desai]]. ''Swami'' {{in lang|mr}}, a historical novel

{{MarathaEmpire}}
{{Peshawe family}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaekwad}}
[[Category:1734 births]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:1761 deaths]]
[[Category:Peshwa dynasty]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:People from Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Banda, Uttar Pradesh]]

Alagappa University

2026-03-23T20:15:59Z

DelorisQha: minor edit

{{Short description|State University in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Alagappa University
| image = Alagappa University Logo.png
| image_size =
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of the University
| motto =
| mottoeng = Excellence in Action
| established = {{start date and age|1947}}
| founder = [[Alagappa Chettiar]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]
| vice_chancellor = G. Ravi
| faculty = 349<ref name=nirf_stud>{{cite web |title=NIRF 2021 |url=http://www.alagappauniversity.ac.in/nirf.php |publisher=Alagappa University}}</ref>
| students = 4831<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| undergrad = 675<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| postgrad = 2630<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| doctoral = 1526<ref name=nirf_stud/>
| city = [[Karaikudi]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| coor = {{coord|10.078603|N|78.79468|E|format=dms|region:IN-TN_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
| type = [[Public university|Public]]
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]] (440 acres)
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]; [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]; [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| website = {{URL|https://alagappauniversity.ac.in}}
| logo =
}}
[[File:Alagappa University.JPG|thumb|right|Entrance of Alagappa University]]

'''Alagappa University''' is a [[public university]] located in [[Karaikudi]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. Originated from Alagappa Arts College, founded by [[Alagappa Chettiar]] in 1947, it was established in 1985 by an Act of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]. It was converted from a unitary type to an affiliating type by the Tamil Nadu Universities Act, 2002, with jurisdiction over arts and science colleges in the districts of [[Ramanathapuram]] and [[Sivaganga]]. The government colleges in the above districts have become the constituent colleges of Alagappa University.

==Rankings==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| NIRF_U_2023 =30
|NIRF_O_2024=76}}

The [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) ranked Alagappa University 76th overall in India in 2024,<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_O_2024/> and 30th among universities<ref name=Rankings_NIRF_U_2023/> in 2023.

==See also==
* [[Alagappa University Evening College, Rameswaram]]
* [[List of universities in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://www.alagappauniversity.ac.in Official website]
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Universities in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Sivaganga district]]
[[Category:Karaikudi]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1985]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}

Neo-noir

2026-03-16T07:02:56Z

DelorisQha: fixed issues

{{Short description|Film genre; modern form of film noir}}
{{Sources|date=July 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
[[File:Blue Velvet (1986) - Lobby Card.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Lobby card for [[David Lynch]]'s ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]'' (1986), an example of neo-noir.]]
'''Neo-noir''' is a film genre from the 1970s,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=LTX Studio |title=What Is Film Noir? Examples & Style Explained {{!}} LTX Studio |url=https://ltx.studio/glossary/film-noir |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=ltx.studio |language=en}}</ref> in the era of [[New Hollywood]], which is primarily associated with the subversion<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nette |first=Andrew |date=2021-11-23 |title=10 Underappreciated American Noirs of the Late 1950s and the 1960s |url=https://crimereads.com/10-underappreciated-american-noirs-of-the-late-1950s-and-the-1960s/ |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=CrimeReads |language=en-US}}</ref> and visual style of classic [[film noir]] tropes, adapting the themes of 1940s and 1950s American film noir for contemporary audiences, often with vibrant colors and high-contrast,<ref>{{Cite web |last=on |first=David Olsson |date=2019-11-18 |title=Top 30 Best Neo-Noir Films, Ranked for Filmmakers |url=https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/best-neo-noir-films/ |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=www.studiobinder.com |language=en-US}}</ref> more [[Graphic violence|graphic depictions of violence]] or [[Sexual content in film|sexuality]],<ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2024 |title=Neo-noir |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/neo-noir |access-date=26 November 2024 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}</ref> thematic [[Motif (narrative)|motifs]],<ref>Oxford Academic. [https://academic.oup.com/edinburgh-scholarship-online/book/16590?login=false Film Noir and the Cinema of Paranoia.]</ref> and [[nonlinear narrative]] or editing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neo-Noir Film Genre: 4 Common Traits of the Neo-Noir Genre - 2025 |url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/neo-noir-guide |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=MasterClass |language=en}}</ref>

During the 1970s and the mid 1980s, the term "neo-noir" surged in popularity, fueled by movies such as [[Roman Polanski]]’s [[Chinatown (1974 film)|''Chinatown'']] (1974), [[Martin Scorsese]]'s [[Taxi Driver|''Taxi Driver'']] (1976), [[Sydney Pollack]]'s ''[[Absence of Malice]]'' (1981), [[Ridley Scott]]’s [[Blade Runner|''Blade Runner'']] (1982), [[Paul Verhoeven]]'s [[The Fourth Man (1983 film)|''The Fourth Man'' (1983 film)]] and [[David Lynch]]’s [[Blue Velvet (film)|''Blue Velvet'']] (1986). The French term ''film noir''<ref name="borde">{{cite book |last1=Borde |first1=Raymond |author-link1=:fr:Raymond Borde |url=https://archive.org/details/BordeAndChaumetonPanoramaOfAmericanFilmNoir19411953 |title=A panorama of American ''film noir'' (1941–1953) |last2=Chaumeton |first2=Etienne |date=2002 |publisher=City Lights Books |isbn=978-0872864122 |location=San Francisco}}</ref> translates literally to English as "black film", indicating sinister stories often presented in a shadowy cinematographic style. ''Neo-noir'' has a similar style but with updated themes, content, style, and visual elements.

==Definition==
The neologism neo-noir, using the [[Greek language|Greek]] prefix for the word ''new'', is defined by Mark Conard as "any film coming after the classic noir period that contains noir themes and noir sensibility".<ref>Mark Conard. ''The Philosophy of Neo-noir''. The Univ of Kentucky Press, 2007, p2.</ref> Another definition describes it as later noir that often synthesizes diverse genres while foregrounding the scaffolding of ''film noir''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=International Noir|last=Pettey|first=Homer B.|publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=9780748691104|location=Edinburgh|pages=62}}</ref>

==History==
{{Main|Film noir}}
"[[Film noir]]" was coined by critic [[Nino Frank]] in 1946 and popularized by French critics [[:fr:Raymond Borde|Raymond Borde]] and Etienne Chaumeton in 1955.<ref name="borde"/> The term revived in general use beginning in the 1980s, with a revival of the style.

The classic ''film noir'' era is usually dated from the early 1940s to the late 1950s. The films were often adaptations of American crime novels, which were also described as "[[hardboiled]]". Some authors resisted these terms. For example, [[James M. Cain]], author of ''[[The Postman Always Rings Twice (novel)|The Postman Always Rings Twice]]'' (1934) and ''[[Double Indemnity (novel)|Double Indemnity]]'' (1943), is considered to be one of the defining authors of hard-boiled fiction. Both novels were adapted as crime films, the former more than once. Cain is quoted as saying, "I belong to no school, hard-boiled or otherwise, and I believe these so-called schools exist mainly in the imagination of critics, and have little correspondence in reality anywhere else."<ref>{{cite book |title=Hardboiled America – The Lurid Years of Paperbacks |last=O'Brien |first=Geoffrey |year=1981 |publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold |location=New York; Cincinnati |isbn=0-442-23140-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hardboiledameric00obri/page/71 71–72] |url=https://archive.org/details/hardboiledameric00obri/page/71 }}</ref>

==Characteristics==
[[File:David Lynch at the 1990 Emmy Awards.jpg|thumb|326x326px|[[David Lynch]] was a principal pioneer of the genre, spanning several films he directed such as ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]'' (1986), ''[[Lost Highway (film)|Lost Highway]]'' (1997), and ''[[Mulholland Drive (film)|Mulholland Drive]]'' (2001).]]
Neo-noir film directors refer to 'classic noir' in the use of [[Dutch angles]], interplay of light and shadows, unbalanced [[Framing (visual arts)|framing]]; blurring of the lines between [[Good and evil|good and bad]] and [[Ethics|right and wrong]], and thematic [[Motif (narrative)|motifs]] including [[revenge]], [[paranoia]], and [[Alienation effect|alienation]].<ref>[https://nofilmschool.com/neo-noir-definition-and-examples What is Neo Noir? Definition and Essential Examples – No Film School]</ref>

Typically American [[crime drama]]s or [[psychological thriller]]s, neo-noir films had common themes and plot devices, and many distinctive visual elements. Characters were often conflicted [[antihero]]es, trapped in a difficult situation and making choices out of desperation or [[nihilism|nihilistic]] [[Morality|moral systems]]. Visual elements included [[low-key lighting]], striking use of [[Chiaroscuro|light and shadow]], and unusual camera placement. [[Sound effects]] helped create the noir mood of paranoia and nostalgia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Neo-Noir|last1=Bould|first1=Mark|last2=Glitre|first2=Kathrina|last3=Tuck|first3=Greg|publisher=Wallflower Press|year=2009|isbn=9781906660178|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/neonoir00mark/page/44 44]|url=https://archive.org/details/neonoir00mark/page/44}}</ref>

Few major films in the classic ''film noir'' genre have been made since the early 1960s. These films usually incorporated both thematic and visual elements reminiscent of ''film noir''. Both classic and neo-noir films are often produced as [[independent films|independent features]].

After 1970, film critics took note of "neo-noir" films as a separate genre. Noir and post-noir terminology (such as "[[Hardboiled|hard-boiled]]", "neo-classic" and the like) are often rejected by both critics and practitioners.

Robert Arnett stated, "Neo-noir has become so amorphous as a genre/movement, any film featuring a detective or crime qualifies."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnett |first1=Robert |date=Fall 2006 |title=Eighties Noir: The Dissenting Voice in Reagan's America |journal=[[Journal of Popular Film and Television]] |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=123–129|doi=10.3200/JPFT.34.3.123-129 |s2cid=190713884 }}</ref> Screenwriter and director [[Larry Gross]] identifies [[Jean-Luc Godard]]'s ''[[Alphaville (film)|Alphaville]]'', alongside [[John Boorman]]'s ''[[Point Blank (1967 film)|Point Blank]]'' (1967) and [[Robert Altman]]'s ''[[The Long Goodbye (film)|The Long Goodbye]]'' (1973), based on [[Raymond Chandler]]'s 1953 novel, as neo-noir films. Gross believes that they deviate from classic noir in having more of a sociological than a psychological focus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/where-begin-neo-noir|title=Where to begin with neo-noir|work=British Film Institute|access-date=August 17, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Neo noir features characters who commit violent crimes, but without the motivations and narrative patterns found in ''film noir''.<ref name=":0" />

Neo noir assumed global character and impact when filmmakers began drawing elements from films in the global market. For instance, [[Quentin Tarantino]]'s works have been influenced by [[Ringo Lam]]'s 1987 classic ''[[City on Fire (1987 film)|City on Fire]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Film Genre Reader III|last=Grant|first=Barry Keith|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2003|isbn=0292701845|location=Austin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/filmgenrereaderi00barr/page/525 525]|url=https://archive.org/details/filmgenrereaderi00barr/page/525}}</ref> This was particularly the case for the noir-inflected ''[[Reservoir Dogs]]'', which was instrumental in establishing Tarantino in October 1992.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Film Remakes|url=https://archive.org/details/filmremakes00vere_248|url-access=limited|last=Verevis|first=Constantine|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2006|isbn=0748621865|location=Edinburgh|pages=[https://archive.org/details/filmremakes00vere_248/page/n182 173]}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arthouse action film]]
* [[List of neo-noir films]]
* [[Mystery film]]
* [[New Hollywood]]
* [[Postmodernist film]]
* [[Pulp noir]]
* [[Tech noir]]
* [[Vulgar auteurism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Arnett |first1=Robert |date=Fall 2006 |title=Eighties Noir: The Dissenting Voice in Reagan's America |journal= [[Journal of Popular Film and Television]] |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=123–129 |doi=10.3200/JPFT.34.3.123-129 |s2cid=190713884 }}
* {{Cite book |title=The Philosophy of Neo-noir |last=Conard |first=Mark T. |year=2007 |publisher=The University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Ky. |isbn=978-0-8131-2422-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/philosophyofneon0000unse }} {{Google books|6J5uLqU8y58C|The Philosophy of Neo-noir}}.
* {{Cite book |title=Detours and Lost Highways: A Map of Neo-Noir |last=Hirsch |first=Foster |year=1999 |publisher=Proscenium Publishers |location=New York |isbn=0-87910-288-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/detourslosthighw00hirs }} {{Google books|wcFg1LQfihQC|Detours and Lost Highways: A Map of Neo-Noir}}.
* {{Cite book |title=Mean Streets and Raging Bulls: The Legacy of Film Noir in Contemporary American Cinema |url=https://archive.org/details/meanstreetsragin0000mart |url-access=registration |last=Martin |first=Richard |year= 1997 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham, Md. |isbn= 0-8108-3337-9}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Snee |first1=Brian J. |date=July 2009 |title=Soft-boiled Cinema: Joel and Ethan Coens' Neo-classical Neo-noirs |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=3 |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Soft-boiled+cinema%3a+Joel+and+Ethan+Coens'+neo-classical+neo-noirs.-a0204565670 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Crime fiction}}
{{Film genres}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neo-Noir}}
[[Category:Neo-noir| ]]
[[Category:1960s in film]]
[[Category:1970s in film]]
[[Category:1980s in film]]
[[Category:1990s in film]]
[[Category:2000s in film]]
[[Category:2010s in film]]
[[Category:2020s in film]]
[[Category:Film noir]]
[[Category:Film genres]]
[[Category:Television genres]]

Bhupinder Singh Hooda

2026-03-12T22:47:59Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|9th Chief Minister of Haryana (born 1947)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bhupinder Singh Hooda
| image = Bhupinder Singh Hooda (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| office = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Haryana Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]], [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 29 September 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = ''himself''
| successor =
| term_start1 = 2 November 2019
| term_end1 = 12 September 2024
| predecessor1 = ''himself''
| successor1 = ''himself''
| term_start2 = 4 September 2019
| term_end2 = 27 October 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Kiran Choudhry]]
| successor3 = [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| term_start3 = 2001
| term_end3 = 2004
| predecessor3 = [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| office4 = 9th [[Chief Minister of Haryana]]
| term_start4 = 5 March 2005
| term_end4 = 26 October 2014
| predecessor4 = [[Om Prakash Chautala]]
| successor4 = [[Manohar Lal Khattar]]
| office5 = [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start7 = February 2000
| term_end7 = May 2004
| constituency7 = [[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
| predecessor7 = [[Krishan Hooda]]
| successor7 = [[Krishan Hooda]]
| term_start6 = June 2005
| term_end6 = October 2009
| constituency6 = [[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
| predecessor6 = [[Krishan Hooda]]
| successor6 = ''Constituency renamed as [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]] after delimitation''
| office6 =
| term_start5 = 22 October 2009
| term_end5 =
| constituency5 = [[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla-Kiloi]]
| predecessor5 = Position established ''{{small|Himself as MLA of [[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]}}''
| successor5 =
| office8 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start8 = June 1991
| term_end8 = October 1999
| constituency8 = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| predecessor8 = [[Devi Lal]]
| successor8 = Inder Singh
| term_start9 = May 2004
| term_end9 = June 2005
| constituency9 = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| predecessor9 = Inder Singh
| successor9 = [[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
| office10 = [[Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee|President of Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start10= February 1997
| term_end10 = July 2002
| predecessor10 = [[Dharam Pal Singh Malik]]
| successor10 = [[Bhajan Lal Bishnoi]]
| office11 = President of Haryana Youth Congress
| term_start11= 1982
| term_end11 = 1983
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|9|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Rohtak district|Sanghi]], [[East Punjab]], [[India]] {{small|(present-day [[Haryana]])}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1972–present)
| spouse = {{Marriage|Asha Dahiya|1976}}
| children = 2 (including [[Deepender Singh Hooda]])
| father = [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University]] (B.A.), [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]] (LL.B)
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| source = http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=3506&lastls=14
| 1blankname1 = Deputy
| 1namedata1 = [[Aftab Ahmed (Indian politician)|Aftab Ahmed]]
| succeeded2 = ''himself''
}}

'''Bhupinder Singh Hooda''' (born 15 September 1947)<ref>{{cite web |title= Loksabha : Member's Bioprofile|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=3506&lastls=14|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref> is an [[Indian National Congress]] politician, who is serving as the [[Leader of the Opposition]] in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhupinder Singh Hooda biography|work= oneindia.com |url= https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/bhupinder-singh-hooda-65196.html|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Bhupinder Singh Hooda Biography|work=elections.in|url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/bhupinder-singh-hooda.html|access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref> He was the [[Chief Minister of Haryana]] from 2005 to 2014.

When he began a second term as chief minister in [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|October 2009]] after leading the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] to an election victory, it was the first time since 1972 that a Haryana electorate returned a ruling party back to power. Hooda is also a Member of the Bar Council of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and Haryana. In 2010, Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] constituted the Working Group on Agriculture Production under Hooda's chairmanship to recommend strategies and action plan for increasing agricultural production and productivity, including long-term policies to ensure sustained agricultural growth.

==Early life==
Bhupinder Singh Hooda was born to Chaudhary [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] and Har devi Hooda at the Sanghi village in [[Rohtak district]] of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsL-7mlzEY8C&q=bhupinder+singh+hooda+jat&pg=PA141|title=Communal Crimes and National Integration: A Socio-legal Study|first=Praveen Kumar|last=Chaudhary|date=12 February 2011|publisher=Readworthy|access-date=12 February 2020|via=Google Books|isbn=9789350180402}}</ref><ref name="Som"/> His father [[Ranbir Singh Hooda]] was a renowned freedom fighter.<ref name="Som">{{Cite web|url=http://sompatidar.blogspot.com/2010/02/freedom-fighters-pay-tribute-to.html|title=Som Patidar: Freedom Fighters Pay Tribute to Chaudhary Ranbir Singh|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>

He is an alumnus of [[Sainik School, Kunjpura]], Karnal, Haryana and [[Sainik School, Balachadi]], Jamnagar, Gujarat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=35950 |title=Public Information Bureau release on balachadi Sainik School}}</ref> He did his B.A. at [[Panjab University, Chandigarh]] after which he pursued law from the prestigious [[Faculty of Law, University of Delhi]]. He started his political career at [[Indian Youth Congress|Youth Congress]].

==Political career==
Chaudhry Bhupinder Singh Hooda was elected as a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|member of parliament]] from [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak Lok Sabha]] segment for four terms in 1991, 1996, 1998, 2004. He also remained the Leader of Opposition in [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from 2001 to 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Leader of the Opposition in the Haryana Vidhan Sabha, Mr Bhupinder Singh Hooda, has criticised the Central and Chautala Governments for their failure to allot any relief to the drought-affected people of the state. |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030402/haryana.htm |work=The Tribute |date=1 April 2003 |access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref> He also served as the President of HPCC ([[Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee]]) from 1996 to 2001. In three consecutive Lok Sabha elections of 1991, 96 & 98, he defeated Ch. [[Devi Lal]] in electoral battles fought in the Jat heartland of Rohtak in Haryana.
He attended international Conferences like World Youth Festival in USSR, World Parliamentary Conference in China, International Conference in USSR as a delegate of [[All India Congress Committee|AICC]] and OISCA and International Conferences in Japan and South Korea. Hooda was a vocal supporter for structural reforms within the Congress party and a part of the G23 rebel leaders group. He has been meeting party senior leaders and other G23 leaders to bring about reconciliation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C G |first=Manoj |date=18 March 2022 |title=Rahul Gandhi reaches out to Bhupinder Singh Hooda, Manish Tewari says Congress needs 'surgery' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/after-g-23-meeting-rahul-gandhi-meets-congress-veteran-bhupinder-singh-hooda-7824601/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=11 May 2022 }}</ref>

He is also President, All India Young Farmers' Association, Haryana; Ex-Member, Market Committee, Rohtak; Director, Bank of India, 1989–92; Secretary, Farmers' Parliamentary Forum, 1991 onwards; Founder-Member and Working President of All India Freedom Fighters' Successors' Organisation; Working President, National Federation Railway Porters, Vendors and Bearers. Elected as a President for the Khadi & Village Industries Commission Employees Union & Patron for the National Khadi & Village Industries Board's Employees Federation – an apex body of all State K&V.I Board's Employees Unions.

To encourage youngsters to pick up Olympic sports, Hooda announced a cash award of Rs 25 million for the state athletes who would win gold medal in any discipline at the London Games. Cash prize money of Rs 15 million and Rs 10 million for silver and bronze medal winners has also been announced.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/london-olympics-2012/news/Rs-2-5-Crore-for-gold-medal-in-Olympics-Haryana-CM/articleshow/15163327.cms|title=Rs 2.5 Crore for gold medal in Olympics: Haryana CM
|date= 27 July 2012 | work=The Times Of India}}</ref> Hooda has come under the scanner of the CBI for alleged misappropriation of funds and scams.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siwach |first=Sukhbir |date=20 February 2018 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cbi-names-bhupinder-singh-hooda-main-conspirator-in-rs-1000-crore-manesar-land-scam-5070604/ |title=CBI names Bhupinder Singh Hooda main conspirator in Rs 1000 crore Manesar land scam |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref> In 2019, CBI's preliminary inquiry (PE) has revealed that Hooda and TC Gupta, a 1987 batch IAS officer and the then head of the town and planning department, allegedly hatched a criminal conspiracy with private builders to deliberately notify huge chunks of land in various sectors of Gurgaon for acquisition for public purpose. This led to the landowners selling their lands at throwaway prices to private builders. But the government ended up actually acquiring only a small proportion of these notified land tracts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cbi-registers-new-case-against-ex-haryana-cm-hooda-in-land-scam-carries-out-searches-at-30-locations/articleshow/67683397.cms|title=CBI books former Haryana CM Bhupinder Singh Hooda for 'illegal' land deals|first=Raghav|last=Ohri|date=26 January 2019|access-date=12 February 2020|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Bhupinder Singh Hooda married Asha Dahiya in 1976. He has two children.<ref name="Adil">{{cite news |last1=Adil |first1=Mohammad |title=Bhupinder Singh Hooda: Will the Congress heavyweight stomp his authority in Sonipat? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/bhupinder-singh-hooda-role-in-haryana-politics-and-elections-about-bhupinder-singh-hooda-from-congress-political-career-and-history/415772 |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190524195959/https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/article/bhupinder-singh-hooda-role-in-haryana-politics-and-elections-about-bhupinder-singh-hooda-from-congress-political-career-and-history/415772 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> His son [[Deepender Singh Hooda]] is the MP of Rohtak.

==Positions held==
===Positions held in Pradesh Congress Committee===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Post
! Tenure
|-
|1.
|Block Congress Committee, Kiloi, Haryana.
|1972-1977
|-
|2.
|1.) Senior Vice-president, Haryana Pradesh Youth Congress. 2.) Chairman of Panchayat Samiti, Rohtak. 3.) Chairman of Panchayat Parishad of Haryana.
|1980-1987
|-
|3.
|President of the [[Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee]].
|1996-2001
|-
|4.
|Chairperson, Election Management Committee.
|[[Incumbent]]
|-
|}

===Government of Haryana===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Post
! Date Appointed
! Tenure
|-
|1.
|Leader of the Opposition
|2002
|2002-2004
|-
|2.
|'''[[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]'''
|5 March 2005
|2005-2009
|-
|3.
|'''[[Chief Minister of Haryana|Chief Minister]]'''
|25 October 2009
|2009-2014
|-
|4.
|Leader of the Opposition<ref name="Congress Elects Bhupinder Hooda As Leader Of Opposition In Haryana">{{cite news |last1=NDTV |title=Congress Elects Bhupinder Hooda As Leader Of Opposition In Haryana |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhupinder-singh-hooda-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-haryana-assembly-2126219 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519055224/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bhupinder-singh-hooda-to-be-leader-of-opposition-in-haryana-assembly-2126219 |archivedate=19 May 2024 |accessdate=19 May 2024 |work=}}</ref>
|4 September 2019
|12 September 2024
|-
|5.
||Leader of the Opposition
|29 September 2025
|Incumbent
|-
|}

==Electoral history==

===Lok Sabha===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Year
! Lok Sabha
! Constituency
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
! Vote share
! Margin
! Result
|-
|1.
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2,41,235
|44%
|30,573
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Rohtak">{{cite web |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/rohtak-lok-sabha |title=Rohtak Lok Sabha Election Result |publisher=resultuniversity.com |accessdate=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,98,154
|31.71%
|2,664
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Rohtak"/>
|-
|3.
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2,54,951
|38.66%
|383
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Rohtak"/>
|-
|4.
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|2,22,233
|35.09%
|1,44,693
|{{lost}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Rohtak"/>
|-
|5.
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]
|[[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|3,24,235
|48.97%
|1,50,435
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Rohtak"/>
|-
|6.
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|[[Sonipat Lok Sabha constituency|Sonipat]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|4,22,800
|37.43%
|1,64,864
|{{lost}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Sonipat 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/lok-sabha-details/2019/haryana/sonipat/9694/31/17 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Haryana Legislative Assembly===
{|class ="wikitable"
|-
! SI No.
! Year
! Assembly
! Constituency
! colspan="2" |Party
! Votes
! Vote share
! Margin
! Result
|-
|1.
|[[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|[[6th Haryana Assembly|6th]]
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|15,240
|32.16%
|4,553
|{{lost}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiloi 1982 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1982/haryana/kiloi/31/6703/43 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|[[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|[[7th Haryana Assembly|7th]]
|[[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|18,687
|33.32%
|15,023
|{{lost}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiloi 1987 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha-details/1987/haryana/kiloi/31/11289/75 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|[[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|[[10th Haryana Assembly|10th]]
|[[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|39,513
|53.48%
|11,958
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Garhi Sampla Kiloi">{{cite web |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/garhisampla-kiloi-haryana-assembly-constituency |title=Garhi Sampla Kiloi Assembly Constituency Election Result |publisher=resultuniversity.com |accessdate=30 June 2023}}</ref>
|-
|4.
|[[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]<nowiki/>bye-election
|[[11th Haryana Assembly|11th]]
|[[Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,06,698
|96.68%
|1,03,635
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Kiloi 2005 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/byeDetail/208 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|5.
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|[[12th Haryana Assembly|12th]]
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|89,849
|79.77%
|72,100
|{{won}}<ref name="resultuniversity.com Garhi Sampla Kiloi"/>
|-
|6.
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|[[13th Haryana Assembly|13th]]
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|80,693
|57.28%
|47,185
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Garhi Sampla-Kiloi 2014 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/35321 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|7.
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[14th Haryana Assembly|14th]]
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|97,755
|65.82%
|58,312
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Garhi Sampla-Kiloi 2019 |url=https://www.indiavotes.com/ac/summary/43809 |website=IndiaVotes |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|-
|8.
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[15th Haryana Assembly|15th]]
|[[Garhi Sampla-Kiloi Assembly constituency|Garhi Sampla Kiloi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|1,08,539
|72.72%
|71,465
|{{won}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Garhi Sampla-Kiloi (Haryana) - 2024 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/ConstituencywiseS0761.htm |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=5 January 2025}}</ref>
|} He won Kiloi seat in 2005 after [[Krishan Hooda]] vacated his seat

==Criticism and scam cases==
There are many cases filed against him including six CBI cases and several other vigilance department investigations against Hooda underway.<ref name=chor5>{{cite news |title=हुड्डा की घेरेबंदी में जुटी हरियाणा सरकार, दो और मामलों में सीबीआई जांच के आदेश |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/punjab-and-haryana/chandigarh/bhupendra-singh-hooda-to-face-cbi-probe-in-two-more-cases/articleshow/63288447.cms |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=Navbharat Times |date=13 March 2018 |language=hi}}</ref> [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] is investigating several scams, mostly related to illegal land grab, that took place during his rule in Haryana. These investigations include the Gurugram-Manesar IMT land scam, [[Robert Vadra DLF land grab scam]], [[Gurugram Rajiv Gandhi Trust land grab scam]], [[Sonepat-Kharkhoda IMT land scam case]], [[Garhi Sampla Uddar Gagan land scam]], Panchkula-HUDA Industrial plots allotment scam, [[AJL-National Herald Panchkula land grab scam]], [[Haryana Forestry scam case]] and [[Haryana Raxil drug purchase scam]]. He has been already [[chargesheet]]ed in the Manesar-Gurugram land scam, while other cases are still under investigation (c. March 2018).<ref name=chor1>{{cite news |title=CBI to probe two more Hooda govt land deals |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/haryana/cbi-to-probe-two-more-hooda-govt-land-deals-557679 |access-date=25 January 2021 |work=Tribune |date=14 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=chor5/>

==See also==
* [[List of chief ministers of Haryana]]
* [[First Hooda ministry]]
* [[Political families of Haryana|Dynastic politics of Haryana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Chaudhari Devi Lal]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] |years=1991 – 1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Inder Singh (politician)|Captain Inder Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Inder Singh (politician)|Captain Inder Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]] |years=2004 – 2005}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Om Prakash Chautala]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of chief ministers of Haryana|Chief Minister of Haryana]]|years=5 March 2005 – 26 October 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Manohar Lal Khattar]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Haryana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hooda, Bhupinder}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:Panjab University alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Haryana]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1998–1999]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:People from Rohtak district]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in Haryana]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2005–2009]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Presidents of Haryana Pradesh Congress Committee]]

Pallavi Anu Pallavi

2026-03-03T22:16:51Z

DelorisQha: new initial entry w/ sources

{{short description|1983 film by Mani Ratnam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pallavi Anu Pallavi
| image = Pallavi Anu Pallavi.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Mani Ratnam]]
| producer = T. Govindarajan
| writer = Mani Ratnam
| starring = {{ubl|[[Anil Kapoor]]|[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]|Kiran Vairale}}
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| cinematography = [[Balu Mahendra]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]]
| studio = Venus Pictures
| distributor = 
| released = {{film date|1983|1|7|df=y}}
| runtime = 140 minutes{{sfn|Rangan|2012|p=289}}
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Pallavi Anu Pallavi''''' is a 1983 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[Mani Ratnam]] in his debut. The film stars [[Anil Kapoor]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], and Kiran Vairale. It revolves around a young man falling in love with a slightly older woman. The music was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], while cinematography was handled by [[Balu Mahendra]]. The film is also Anil Kapoor's debut in [[Kannada cinema]].

''Pallavi Anu Pallavi'' was released on 7 January 1983 to critical acclaim. However, the film was an average grosser at the box office, performing well in bigger cities but not so well in smaller towns and villages. The film won in three categories at the [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]: [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] for Ratnam, [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] for Balu Mahendra and [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] for [[R. N. Jayagopal]].

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=May 2021}}
Having pledged his love for college girl Madhu, Vijay finds himself entwined in a close friendship with Anu, a married woman separated from her husband. Vijay grapples with the definition of love, treading the fine line between trust and attraction, amidst tremendous societal pressure. He is confused about his feelings for Anu, yet wants Madhu as his life partner. Amid all this is his youthful streak of rebellion, ready to take on the world despite the society's extreme reaction, which creates more grief than good.

== Cast ==
* [[Anil Kapoor]] as Vijay{{Sfn|Rangan|2012|p=289}}
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Anu{{Sfn|Rangan|2012|p=289}}
* Kiran Vairale as Madhu{{Sfn|Rangan|2012|p=289}}
*Vikram Makandar as Kumar
*Master Rohith Srinath as Harsha, Anu and Kumar's son
*[[Suresh Heblikar]]
*[[Sundar Raj]]

== Production ==

=== Development ===
After completing his MBA and beginning work as a management consultant, [[Mani Ratnam]] was keen to enter the film industry and thus accepted the invitation of his friends Ravishankar and Raman (the sons of director [[B. R. Panthulu]] and musician [[S. Balachander]] respectively) to co-write the script of a Kannada film they were making, titled ''Bangarada Gani''. Featuring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Ambareesh]] and [[Roja Ramani]], the film was never completed and was later shelved. Ratnam then decided to branch out as a director himself and wrote a script entirely in English, during a single month in 1980.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 2015 |title=Pallavi Anu Pallavi's script was originally written in English |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know-/Pallavi-Anu-Pallavis-script-was-originally-written-in-English/articleshow/46724617.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170916150909/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know-/Pallavi-Anu-Pallavis-script-was-originally-written-in-English/articleshow/46724617.cms |archive-date=16 September 2017 |access-date=27 September 2015 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

With the script of the film which he intended to make in Tamil, Ratnam first met [[Kamal Haasan]] to play the protagonist, after his friend [[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] arranged a meeting with the actor. Haasan demanded major changes to the script if he were to play the lead role, and introduced Ratnam to his brother [[Charuhasan]], who pledged to help find the script a producer. Ratnam revealed that he was open to the idea of selling the script to a popular director so that he could learn about filmmaking during the production process, but his meetings with [[K. Balachander]], [[Bharathiraja]] and [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=12–16}} were not successful. Haasan had later claimed that he was unable to work in ''Pallavi Anu Pallavi'' due to his commitment to ''[[Raja Paarvai]]'' (1981) and around the same time "also getting into Hindi films".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haasan |first=Kamal |author-link=Kamal Haasan |date=20 October 2012 |title='Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/of-course-velu-nayakan-doesnt-dance/article4008896.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618014621/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/of-course-velu-nayakan-doesnt-dance/article4008896.ece |archive-date=18 June 2013 |access-date=22 February 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Ratnam subsequently met several producers. The script was rejected by over twenty studios, including Rajkannu of Sri Amman Creations and Gowri Shankar of Devi Films. Subsequently, Ratnam's uncle Krishnamurthy and T. Govindarajan of Venus Films agreed to finance the film on the condition that he made it as a low-budget Kannada film. While [[P. C. Sreeram]] was his original choice for cinematography, the producers insisted on an established cinematographer. Ratnam then approached [[Balu Mahendra]]. Ratnam also convinced [[B. Lenin]] (who was incidentally his neighbour), to work as the editor, since he had been impressed with his editing of Mahendran's ''[[Uthiripookkal]]'' (1979).{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=12–16}} [[Thota Tharani]] who happened to meet Ratnam during the shoot of ''Raja Paarvai'', which the director had gone to watch, joined the team next.{{cn|date=December 2024}}

=== Casting ===
While selecting the cast, Ratnam approached Lakshmi, with whom he had worked during the making of ''Bangarada Gani'' to portray the lead character with whom the younger man falls in love. Lakshmi was a well-established star at the time, and her coming on board, prompted Krishnamurthy to agree to financing the film. [[Anil Kapoor]] was chosen to portray the male protagonist after Ratnam was impressed with his performance in the Telugu film ''[[Vamsa Vruksham]]'' (1980). Kapoor also helped bring Kiran Vairale on board when [[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]] turned down the role. Rohit, the son of [[Srinath (Kannada actor)|Srinath]], was a child actor in the film and appeared in Ratnam's first shot.{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=12–16}}

=== Filming ===
Ratnam did not know Kannada before directing the film but learned it "on the job", as he extensively researched literature for the script at the [[Consulate General of the United States, Chennai|USIS]] and British Council offices in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Melwani |first=Lavina |date=26 September 2015 |title=Up close and personal with Mani Ratnam |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/up-close-and-personal-with-mani-ratnam/article7684784.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927044000/http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/up-close-and-personal-with-mani-ratnam/article7684784.ece |archive-date=27 September 2015 |access-date=27 September 2015 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> With the help of his associate Shivanand, he was able to convert the English dialogues into Kannada and help Kapoor and Kiran Vairale perform to their respective lines, in a language unfamiliar to them. The film was shot in [[Coorg]] and [[Bangalore]], close to Venus Films' distribution centre in the city. Towards the end of production, the film ran into financial difficulties and it took twenty one months to finish the final three days of the shoot, owing to call-sheet conflicts.{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=12–16}}

== Soundtrack ==
Ilaiyaraaja composed the score and soundtrack, the lyrics for which were written by [[R. N. Jayagopal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pallavi Anu Pallavi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/pallavi-anu-pallavi-original/id839504819 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092857/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/pallavi-anu-pallavi-original/id839504819 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> In his biographical book ''[[Conversations with Mani Ratnam]]'', Ratnam revealed that [[Balu Mahendra]] introduced him to Ilaiyaraaja. Ratnam told Ilaiyaraaja that he was doing a Kannada film with a very small budget but wanted him to compose the music, while also confessing that he could not afford to pay the latter's market price. Ilaiyaraaja agreed to work for one-fifth the amount he was getting at the time.{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=15–16}} The composer would go on to collaborate with the director for nine more films, including acclaimed [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]] like ''[[Mouna Ragam]]'' (1986), ''[[Nayakan]]'' (1987), ''[[Agni Natchathiram]]'' (1988), ''[[Anjali (1990 film)|Anjali]]'' (1990) and ''[[Thalapathi]]'' (1991).{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=289–291}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 17:02
| title1 = Nagu Endide
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]]
| length1 = 4:23
| title2 = Hrudaya Rangoli
| extra2 = [[S. P. Sailaja]]
| length2 = 4:06
| title3 = Naguva Nayana
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], S. Janaki
| length3 = 4:10
| title4 = O Premi O Premi
| extra4 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length4 = 4:23
}}

== Release ==
''Pallavi Anu Pallavi'' was released on 7 January 1983.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} The film experienced moderate success at the box office, performing well in bigger cities but not so well in smaller towns and villages.{{sfn|Rangan|2012|pp=12–16}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shiva Kumar |first=S. |title=Mani Rathnam on Film-making: No compromise, only balance |url=https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1399998114887467008/photo/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803035428/https://twitter.com/sshivu/status/1399998114887467008/photo/1 |archive-date=3 August 2021 |access-date=3 August 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Awards ==
;1982–83 [[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]] – [[Mani Ratnam]]{{sfn|Rangan|2012|p=289}}
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Cinematographer|Best Cinematographer]] – [[Balu Mahendra]]
* [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]] – [[R. N. Jayagopal]]

== Legacy ==
''Pallavi Anu Pallavi'' was dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] with the same title and in [[Tamil language]] as '' Priya oh Priya''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vasudev |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WpAHAQAAIAAJ&q=pallavi |title=Cinemaya |year=2002 |page=81 |access-date=11 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909071951/https://books.google.com/books?id=WpAHAQAAIAAJ&q=pallavi |archive-date=9 September 2021 |url-status=live |issue=56–62}}</ref> [[Idea Cellular]] used the tune of ''Naguva Nayana'' as their theme music for some of their advertisements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Karthik |author-link=Karthik Srinivasan |title=Indian Advertisements |url=http://www.itwofs.com/advt.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726092442/http://www.itwofs.com/advt.html |archive-date=26 July 2017 |access-date=10 February 2018 |website=[[ItwoFS]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Venkateswaran |first=Vikram |date=2 June 2016 |title=Happy Birthday Mani Ratnam: Tamil Cinema's Constant Gardener |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/mani-ratnam-birthday-ilayaraja-rajini-kanth-anil-kapoor-thalapathi-nayakan-alaipayuthe-kannathil-muthamittal-gardener |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132205/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/mani-ratnam-birthday-ilayaraja-rajini-kanth-anil-kapoor-thalapathi-nayakan-alaipayuthe-kannathil-muthamittal-gardener |archive-date=14 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |website=[[The Quint]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |title=Conversations with Mani Ratnam |title-link=Conversations with Mani Ratnam |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] India |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-670-08520-0}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Mani Ratnam}}

[[Category:1983 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1983 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:1983 films]]
[[Category:1983 Indian films]]
[[Category:1983 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mani Ratnam]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Ponnapuram Kotta

2026-03-03T21:05:30Z

DelorisQha: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ponnapuram Kotta
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Kunchacko]]
| producer = Kunchacko
| writer = [[N. Govindankutty]]
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Prem Nazir]] [[Vijayasree]] [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] [[Adoor Bhasi]] [[Rajasree]]
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Veerappan
| studio = Excel Productions
| distributor = Udaya
| released = {{Film date|1973|03|30|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Ponnapuram Kotta''''' ({{translation|Ponnapuram fortress}}) is a 1973 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[period drama film]] directed and produced by [[Kunchacko]] and written by [[N. Govindankutty]]. The film stars [[Prem Nazir]], [[Vijayasree]], [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] and [[Adoor Bhasi]]. The film had musical score and songs composed by [[G. Devarajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=495|title=Ponnapuram Kotta|accessdate=2014-10-03|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3752|title=Ponnapuram Kotta|accessdate=2014-10-03|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Prem Nazir]]
*[[Vijayasree]]
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]
*[[KPAC Lalitha]]
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*[[Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair]]
*[[Manavalan Joseph]]
*[[Adoor Pankajam]]
*[[Alummoodan]]
*[[Aranmula Ponnamma]]
*[[G. K. Pillai (actor)|G. K. Pillai]]
*[[Rajasree]]
*[[K. P. Ummer]]
*[[N. Govindankutty]]
*[[Premji]]
*[[S. P. Pillai]]
*Sabnam
*[[Vijayanirmala]]
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] with lyrics by [[Vayalar]] and A. P. Gopalan.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Aadiparaashakthi" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[P. Leela|P Leela]], [[P. Susheela]], [[P. Madhuri]], [[P. B. Sreenivas]] || [[Vayalar]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Chaamundeshwari" || K. J. Yesudas || Vayalar ||
|-
| 3 || "Manthramothiram" || K. J. Yesudas || Vayalar ||
|-
| 4 || "Nalacharithathile" || P. Susheela || Vayalar ||
|-
| 5 || "Roopavathi Ruchiraangi" || K. J. Yesudas || Vayalar ||
|-
| 6 || "Valliyoorkkaavile" || [[P. Jayachandran]] || Vayalar ||
|-
| 7 || "Vayanaadan Keloonte" || K. J. Yesudas, P. Madhuri || AP Gopalan ||
|}

==Filming==
Most of scenes were filmed in [[Gavi, Kerala|Gavi]], [[Pathanamthitta]], and inside the forest also.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} While filming a scene in the film where [[Vijayasree]] was bathing in the waterfalls, her dress slipped revealing her nipples. The scene was used in the film without her knowledge.<ref>{{cite news |author1=സീന ആന്റണി |title=ഉദയ സ്റ്റുഡിയോയും ജ്യോത്സ്യന്റെ പ്രവചനവും: ആലപ്പി അഷ്റഫ് വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുന്നു |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2020/10/28/alleppey-ashraf-about-udaya-malayalam-movies-famed-studio.html |accessdate=28 October 2020 |work=[[Manorama Online]] |date=28 October 2020 |language=ml}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0234493|Ponnapuram Kotta}}

[[Category:1973 films]]
[[Category:1973 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1973 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pathanamthitta]]

{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Nenu (film)

2026-03-03T18:09:32Z

DelorisQha: new first details nd citations

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nenu
| image = Nenu 2004 Poster.jpg
| writer = [[Selvaraghavan]]
| based_on = ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'' (Tamil) by [[Selvaraghavan]]
| starring = [[Allari Naresh]] [[Veda Archana|Veda]] Abhishek
| director = E. Sathibabu
| producer = Mullapudi Brahmanandam
| cinematography = [[Ram Prasad (cinematographer)|C. Ramprasad]]
| editing =
| distributor = Sri Rajya Lakshmi Combines
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| released = {{Film date|2004|04|15|df=y}}
| language = Telugu
| country = India
| budget =
}}

'''''Nenu''''' ({{translation}} ''Me'') is a 2004 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[psychological thriller film]] released on 15 April 2004 starring [[Allari Naresh]], [[Veda Archana]], and Abhishek. This film was directed by E. Sathibabu and produced by Mullapudi Brahmanandam. It's a remake of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] blockbuster movie ''[[Kaadhal Kondein]]'', which starred [[Dhanush]] and [[Sonia Agarwal]] in lead roles. The film was a flop at the box office but received good critical acclaim, mainly for Naresh's performance as a psychotic lover.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-nenu.html|title=Telugu cinema Review - Nenu - Allari Naresh, Abhishek, veda - E Sathi Babu|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
Vinod, who has grown up under the care of a church father, is an introvert but a genius. He is forcibly sent to a college in Vizag by his father, but is a complete misfit in class. Though shunned by the rest of his class, Divya becomes his friend and he gradually warms up to her. His feelings soon turn into love but he realizes that Divya considers him as only a friend. However, he is unwilling to let her go. Meanwhile, Vinod learns that Divya is in love with another classmate, Aadi.

Divya's father is enraged on learning about her love. He locks her up at home and prevents her from contacting anyone. Vinod meets her on the pretext of getting some used clothes for himself. Pitied by Vinod's demeanour, her father allows him in. Vinod uses this opportunity and escapes with Divya. He convinces her that she will meet Aadi in the jungle.

Vinod has set up a secret place in that jungle for executing his plan of wooing Divya. He makes her stay with him, while convincing her by talking about the impending arrival of Aadi. On one such day, he reveals his miserable past, when he was made to work for paid labour after being orphaned at an early age. He revolts against the oppression one day against the illegal child labour at the orphanage. Promptly, he is beaten black and blue for his audacity. Moreover, he also loses his girlfriend to rapists in that place, who also kill her. He manages to escape from them and seeks refuge with a church father.

Divya is very touched by his past. Incidentally, the police and Aadi arrive at the place. While Vinod is away to get some food, they try to make Divya understand that Vinod is a psychopath. Yet Divya scoffs at their claim, citing his gentlemanly behaviour over the days she was alone with him. Vinod, learning that the police have arrived at the scene, begins to indulge in violence. He opens fire, killing a police constable. Forcing them out of their hideout, he manages to evade the police Inspector and Aadi and successfully brings Divya back to their original place of stay.

Divya soon identifies the wolf in the sheep's clothing. Vinod pleads with her, telling her that all he wanted in his life was her presence. But Divya considers him a friend and states her inability to accept him as her life partner. Meanwhile, Aadi regains consciousness and attacks Vinod and rescues his girlfriend. A violent fight ensues, where Vinod defies his puny self and treats Aadi with disdain. The fight culminates with Vinod, Aadi and Divya teetering on the edge of a cliff.

While Divya clutches a tree bark tightly, Vinod and Aadi slip out and barely manage to hold either of her hands. Divya is forced to choose between her boyfriend and her friend. Aadi's pleas notwithstanding, Divya doesn't have the heart to kill Vinod. Finally, Vinod decides to sacrifice himself and lets go of Divya's hand, falling to his death.

==Cast==
* [[Allari Naresh]] as Vinod
* [[Veda Archana|Veda]] as Divya
* Abhishek as Aadi Narayana
* [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Venkatachalam, Vinod's Father
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram
* CVL Narasimha Rao as College Lecturer
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Padmasri
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as College
* [[Shankar Melkote]] as College Principal
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as DSP Prabhakaran, Divya's father
* [[Janaki Sabesh]] as Annapurna, Divya's mother
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] as Snehalatha, Vinod's mother
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Sub-inspector
* [[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]] as Aadi's father
* [[Rajiv Kanakala]] as Seenu
* Chitram Basha as Aadi's friend

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album|
| name = Nenu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (Composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption =
| released = 12 March 2004
| recorded = 2004
| venue =
| studio = [[Varsha Vallaki Studios]]
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 30:26
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label =
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (Composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Varnajalam]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Ghilli]]
| next_year = 2004
}}
The film's music was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28456401.ece|title=Chords & Notes|date=17 November 2003|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505094342/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/chords-notes/article28456401.ece|archive-date=5 May 2022}}</ref>

The audio of this film was released in a function arranged at Padmalaya with Venkatesh as the chief guest. Other guests were M Shyam Prasad Reddy, KS Rama Rao, KC Sekhara Babu, Arjuna Raju, EVV Satyanarayana, Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao and Sirivennela. Chalapati Rao anchored this event. Surya Music has bought the audio rights. Venkatesh released the audio and gave the first cassette to hero Naresh and heroine Veda. The audio received positive response.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-nenu.html|title=Telugu Cinema audio launch - Nenu - Allari Naresh, Veda, Abhishek - Vidya Sagar - E Sathi Babu|website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =Track-List
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 30:26
| title1 = Endhuku Endhuku
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|lyrics1 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| length1 =4:55

| title2 = Naakanti Paapa
| extra2 =Srivardhini
|lyrics2 = [[Veturi]]
| length2 = 5:09

| title3 = Panendu Dhaati
| extra3 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]
|lyrics3 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| length3 = 5:10

| title4 = Choosthu Choostune
| extra4 = Karthik
|lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| length4 = 5:07

| title5 = Devathala Ninnu Chustunna
| extra5 = [[Harish Raghavendra]]
|lyrics5 = Veturi
| length5 = 5:00

| title6 = Dikkulne Daatindi
| extra6 =Karthik
|lyrics6 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| length6 = 5:05
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt1606302}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041024091743/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/7019.html Nenu]

[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films about disability in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:2004 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by E. Satti Babu]]

Chandamama (2007 film)

2026-03-03T18:03:32Z

DelorisQha: typo fix

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chandamama
| image = Chandamama Poster HD.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Krishna Vamsi]]
| writer = Krishna Vamsi
| producer = C. Kalyan and S Vijayanand
| starring = [[Navdeep]] [[Kajal Aggarwal]] [[Siva Balaji]] [[Sindhu Menon]]
| music = [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = Shankar
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2007|9|6}}
| runtime = 156 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = ₹8 crore [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Tollywood Top 10 Box Office Collection Movies In 2007 |url=https://t2blive.com/tollywood-top-10-box-office-collection-movies-in-2007/ |website=T2BLive |language=en |date=19 February 2019 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref>
}}
'''''Chandamama''''' ({{translation|Moon}}) is a 2007 Indian [[Telugu film|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[Krishna Vamsi]], and produced by C. Kalyan and S. Vijayanand. The film stars [[Navdeep]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]], [[Siva Balaji]], and [[Sindhu Menon]], while [[Naga Babu]], [[Ahuti Prasad]], and [[Satyam Rajesh]] play supporting roles. The musical score is provided by [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]] and the base story by Akula Venkat. The film was released on 6 September 2007 to highly positive reviews and also garnered five [[Nandi Awards]]. The film was remade in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] as ''[[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]]'' (2009) and in [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] as ''Chellidaru Sampigeya'' (2009).<ref>{{Cite web |title=A aa e ee Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of A aa e ee by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/a-aa-e-ee/movie-review/4035612.cms |website=The Times of India |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ranga Rao, a widower, landlord, and well-respected man, loves his beloved daughter Mahalakshmi, a sweet, intelligent, innocent, and somewhat fun-loving girl who loves her father as much as he loves her, more than anything else. His brother also has a daughter Rani and a son. Rani is like a sister to Mahalakshmi and a second daughter to Ranga Rao. Rani is a hyper, whiny, talkative but fun-loving, sweet girl. When Mahalakshmi returns from college, Ranga Rao realizes that she has grown up and decides to fix her marriage with Dhorababu, an innocent, good-natured, and rather shy boy.

After the engagement, Mahalakshmi reveals to Dhorababu that in the city, she had fallen in love with Kishore, a mischievous, witty, and amiable youth. After spending the night with her, Kishore made it clear that he was not interested in marrying her. Mahalakshmi says that she does not want to lie and cheat Dhorababu because she knows he is good and deserves better. Dhorababu goes to meet and confront Kishore, where he learns it was all a prank and that Kishore loves Mahalakshmi. He fakes an accident and brings Kishore to the village under the pretense of a doctor. Mahalakshmi forgives Kishore. Finding out the secret, Rani falls in love with Dhorababu and vice versa. However, they dare not tell anyone.

Ranga Rao misunderstands their feelings and fixes Rani's marriage with Kishore to take place at the same time as Mahalakshmi's with Dhorababu. The four youngsters decide that the only way left is to elope, though Mahalakshmi has mixed feelings about this, as she feels it would hurt her father. At the last minute, Mahalakshmi cannot go through with it and tearfully confesses the truth to her father. Luckily, Ranga Rao understands and has the girls marry their respective lovers.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Navdeep]] as Kishore, Mahalakshmi’s love interest
* [[Kajal Aggarwal]] as Mahalakshmi, Kishore’s love interest & Ranga Rao’s daughter (Voice by [[Charmy Kaur]]).
* [[Siva Balaji]] as Dhorababu, Rani’s love interest
* [[Sindhu Menon]] as Rani, Dhorababu's love interest
* [[Naga Babu]] as Ranga Rao, Mahalakshmi’s father and Rani's uncle
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Ramalingeswara Rao, Ranga Rao's traditional ally (Co-Brother-in-law).
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Rani's brother
* [[Uttej]] as Kondala Rao
* [[Abhinayashree]] as Sakkubai
* [[Radha Kumari]] as Dhorababu's grandmother
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Police Inspector
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as Police Constable
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]] as Priest
* [[Sameer (Telugu actor)|Sameer]] as Doctor
* [[Rajitha]] as Ranga Rao's wife
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Chandamama
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{film date|df=y|2007|8|20}}
| recorded = 2007
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 27:28
| language = [[Telugu (language)|Telugu]]
| label = Supreme Music
| producer = [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| prev_title = [[Mayabazar (2006 film)|Mayabazar]]
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = [[Siddu from Sikakulam]]
| next_year = 2008
}}

The film's music was launched on 20 August 2007 in a live telecaste of a private TV channel. The launch was attended by the film cast and crew. [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]] composed the music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandamama music launch - Telugu cinema function - Navadeep, Siva Balaji, Kajal Agarwal & Sindhu menon |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-chandamama.html |website=www.idlebrain.com}}</ref> [[Krishna Vamsi]] released the audio and handed over the first cassette to producer C. Kalyan. Supreme Music bought the audio rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu Cinema News | Telugu Movie Reviews | Telugu Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Telugu |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/events/13054.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331145658/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/events/13054.html |archive-date=31 March 2012}}</ref>

{{Tracklist
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 27:28
| title1 = Regumullole
| note1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Suddala Ashok Teja]]
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[M. M. Srilekha]], [[Noel Sean]] (Rap)
| length1 = 04:58
| title2 = Bugge Bangaarama
| note2 =
| lyrics2 = Peddada Murthy
| extra2 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| length2 = 04:32
| title3 = Ghallu Ghallumantu
| note3 =
| lyrics3 = [[Vanamali]]
| extra3 = [[N. C. Karunya|Karunya]], [[Gayatri Iyer]]
| length3 = 04:14
| title4 = Nalo Voohalaku
| note4 =
| lyrics4 = [[Anantha Sreeram]]
| extra4 = [[Asha Bhosle]], [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]]
| length4 = 04:33
| title5 = Sakkubaayine
| note5 =
| lyrics5 = Lakshmi Bhupal
| extra5 = [[Jassie Gift]], [[Mamta Mohandas]]
| length5 = 04:34
| title6 = Mukkupai Muddupettu
| note6 =
| lyrics6 = Sai Sriharsha
| extra6 = [[Haricharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| length6 = 05:29
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "On the whole, a good entertaining film and credit surely goes to Krishna Vamsi, the director".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vardhan |first=G. P. Aditya |date=10 September 2007 |title=Chandamama, a good entertainer |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/sschanda/20070910.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' wrote that "The major entertainment in this film is provided by Ahuti Prasad and Navadeep. On the flip side, there is no emotional depth which we usually experience in Krishna Vamsi's films".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeevi |date=6 September 2007 |title=Telugu Movie review - Chandamama |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-chandamama.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

==Remakes==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Year
! Film
! Language
! Cast
! Director
|-
| 2009
| ''[[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]]''
| Tamil
| [[Navdeep]], [[Monica (actress)|Monica]], [[Aravind Akash]], [[Saranya Mohan]]
| S. D. Sabapathy
|-
| 2009
| ''Chellidaru Sampigeya''
| Kannada
| Prashanth, Vishal, [[Bianca Desai]]
| [[S. Narayan]]
|-
|}

==Box office==
The film was successful at the box office and completed a 100-day run on 18 December 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gamyam music launch - Telugu cinema function - Allari Naresh, Sharwanand & Kamalinee Mukherjee |url=http://idlebrain.com/news/functions/100days-chandamama.html |website=idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==Satellite rights==
The satellite rights of the film was sold to [[Zee Telugu]].

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008) |trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008) |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf |access-date=21 August 2020 |publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
* [[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Best Home - Viewing Feature Film]] - C. Kalyan
* [[Nandi Award for Best Director|Best Director]] - [[Krishna Vamsi]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Character Actor|Best Character Actor]] - [[Ahuti Prasad]]
* [[Nandi Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]] - Srinivasa Raju
* [[Nandi Award for Best Male Comedian|Best Male Comedian]] - [[Uttej]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|1601815}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Home Viewing Feature Film}}
{{Pasupuleti Krishna Vamsi}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandamama (Film)}}
[[Category:2007 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishna Vamsi]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2007 romantic drama films]]

Love You Rachchu

2026-03-03T12:15:50Z

DelorisQha: started new data.

{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Love You Racchu
| image =
| director = Shankar Raj
| producer = [[Guru Deshpande]]
| starring = [[Ajay Rao]] [[Rachita Ram]]
| music = [[Manikanth Kadri]]
| studio = G Cinema
| released = {{Film date|2021|12|31|df=yes}}
| country = [[India]]
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Love You Rachchu''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic thriller]] film directed by Shankar Raj. The movie stars [[Ajay Rao]] and [[Rachita Ram]] in the lead roles. The Music composed by [[Manikanth Kadri]] while the film is produced by [[Guru Deshpande]] under G Cinemas banner.<ref name="C">{{Cite web|title=Love You Rachchu Movie Review: This romantic thriller comes with interesting twists but leads to a dead-end|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2022/jan/01/love-you-rachchu-movie-reviewthis-romantic-thriller-comes-with-interesting-twists-but-leads-to-a-d-28744.html|access-date=2022-02-08|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Love You Rachchu Movie Review: A tale of a husband's fierce love for his wife|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/love-you-rachchu/movie-review/88611101.cms|first=Harish|last=Basavarajaiah|date=31 December 2021|access-date=2022-08-31}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Ajay and Rachu are happily married couple. Ajay had seen Rachu while working with her father in their family nursery and fell in love with her. He comes to her home and talks to her father about the marriage proposal, for which her father happily agrees seeing Ajay's background. Ajay had to go to [[Mumbai]] for a business trip and is returning on the day before Rachu's birthday. As it's her first birthday after their marriage, he has planned romantic getaway to a resort in [[Mudigere]].

His driver Kumar was supposed to pick him up at the airport, but both Rachu's and Kumar's phone are unreachable. After coming back home, he finds Kumar dead, murdered by his wife, seemingly due to self defence. He hatches a plan that instead of going to police, they will dispose the body and goes to resort as planned, so that no one doubts them.

They even go to driver's house and talk with his wife, so that his wife doesn't suspect them about her husband disappearance. With lot of hurdles they reach [[Chikmagalur]], only to be blackmailed by an unknown caller for 25lakh rupees. Ajay somehow arranges the money and puts the money in drop location asked by the blackmailer. He drives away from the spot, only to go back and fight the blackmailer to know who he is. In the ensuing fight, blackmailer is killed, and Ajay takes his phone and belongings and they both escape from the spot.

Blackmailers death is soon found out about by the police and they start searching the murderer. [[Police]] realise that 2 cars had passed that location during the death and is announced in [[tv]] that both car owners would be investigated. Ajay realises that other car was owned by a local goon who is feared by police and locals. He stashes blackmailer phone, and the bag with money in goon's car and informs police with a mobile phone snatched from one of the goon's gang that, blackmailer was killed by the goon as part of some deal.

Police goes to goon's home to investigate, but is thrashed by goon and his gang. Ajay and Rachu reach their resort at night, celebrate her birthday and has planned to dispose the body early morning. police are informed that goon has escaped through foot, so police starts chasing him as well. When both Ajay and Rachu gets up early morning and opens the [[car]] trunk to dispose the body, the bag which contained the body has disappeared. Not wanting to be blackmailed again, Ajay tells that he will go to police and inform them that he killed his driver when he saw him attacking his wife. seeing how he is ready to sacrifice his life for her, Rachu starts telling the truth.

The blackmailer is none other than Rachu's boyfriend Varun before marriage. After she married Ajay he came back to her life, manipulated her to become his friend and on the day of the birthday tricks her to sleep with him. This is seem by the driver who in turns blackmails them for 10lakh. Seeing this Varun kills the driver and asks Rachchu to lie to his husband who will protect her due to his love for her. She carries on with the same plan.

But after seeing his husband's love for her, she can't hide it anymore and tells everything. Ajay says that he knew about Varun and her, after going through Varun's messages after he is killed in the fight, but also knows that it was Varun fault to have tricked Rachu and he happily forgives her and ready to move on. He had disposed the body in the late night without telling her, as he wanted to hear her confess about Varun.

Meanwhile, the police is tracking the goon who is still escaping on foot and is nearby Rachu and Ajay.The police fire his gun at the goon but misses him and hits Rachu. Rachu asks for forgiveness and asks him to marry a nice girl and dies in his arms. The camera pans out where we can see Ajay is still crying over his wife.

==Cast==
* [[Ajay Rao]] as Ajay<ref name="C"/>
* [[Rachita Ram]] as Rachchu<ref name="C"/>
* Raghu Shivamogga as the Driver<ref name="C"/>
* [[Achyuth Kumar]]
* [[Arun Gowda]]
* [[B. Suresha]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/b-suresha-lightens-a-high-intensity-plot-in-love-you-rachchu/articleshow/88433442.cms | title=B Suresha lightens a high-intensity plot in Love You Rachchu - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=23 December 2021 }}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
[[Manikanth Kadri]] composed music.

{{Infobox album
| name =Love You Rachchu
| type =[[Soundtrack]]
| artist =[[Manikanth Kadri]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2021}}
| recorded = 2021
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 15.38
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Guru Deshpande
}}

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Muddu Neenu
| extra1 = [[Sid Sriram]], Supriyaa Ram
| length1 = 5:11
| lyrics1 = Nagarjun Sharma
| title2 = Nodutha Nannane
| extra2 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| length2 = 4:09
| lyrics2 = R.Puneeth Arya
| title3 = Nodutha Nannane
| extra3 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length3 = 4:03
| lyrics3 = R.Puneeth Arya
| title4 = Love You Rachchu
| extra4 = [[Naveen Sajju]]
| length4 = 3:38
| lyrics4 = Chethan Kumar
| total_length = 15.38
}}

==Release==
The film was released on 31 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=govindaraj.s|title=Love You Rachchu: ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 31ರಂದು ತೆರೆಮೇಲೆ ಬರಲಿದ್ದಾರೆ ಅಜಯ್-ರಚ್ಚು ಜೋಡಿ|url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/sandalwood/kannada-movie-love-you-rachchu-hit-theatres-on-december-31-starrer-ajay-rao-gvd-r3afvl|access-date=2022-02-08|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=kn}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15478268/ Love You Rachchu] at [[IMDb]]

[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:2020s romantic thriller films]]

Vallavanukkum Vallavan

2026-03-03T02:30:44Z

DelorisQha: made page

{{about|the 2023 film|the 1965 film with a similar name|Vallavanukku Vallavan}}
{{No plot|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vallavanukkum Vallavan
| image = Vallavanukkum Vallavan.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = Vijay Tesingu
| writer = Vijay Tesingu
| producer = N. Ramasamy Reshmi Simha
| starring = [[Bobby Simha]] [[Sshivada]] [[Pooja Devariya]]
| cinematography = [[Padmesh]]
| editing = [[Vivek Harshan]]
| music = [[Raghu Dixit]]
| studio = Assault Production [[Thenandal Studio Limited]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|1|20|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Vallavanukkum Vallavan''''' ({{translation|Expert of all experts}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action comedy]] film written and directed by Vijay Tesingu, starring [[Bobby Simha]], [[Sshivada]] and [[Pooja Devariya]]. It has music composed by [[Raghu Dixit]], editing by [[Vivek Harshan]] and cinematography by [[Padmesh]]. The film which was announced in 2015 and was completed in 2016, had a delayed release on 20 January 2023.

== Plot ==
Two swindlers, Alexander and Napoleon, convinced that money can resolve all their issues, plan to extort funds from evildoers. However, their troubles escalate when they encounter a crazy police officer.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Bobby Simha]] as Alexander
* [[Sshivada]] as Azhagi
* [[Pooja Devariya]] as Aandal
* [[Napoleon (actor)|Napoleon]] as Minister Aalavandhan
* [[Karunakaran (actor)|Karunakaran]] as Napoleon
* [[Anandaraj]] as Inspector Poonthamalli
* [[Appukutty]] as Bangaru
* [[Sangili Murugan]] as Sethu Vinayagam
* [[Kalairani]] as Phonex Grandma
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Sura Peter
* [[Anthony Daasan]] as Tholar Karki
* R. K. Vijay Murugan as "Bulb" Paramu
* Gajaraj as Singadurai
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Head Constable
* Sibi Pandian as Jeans
}}

== Production ==
In September 2015, [[Bobby Simha]] said that he would produce and act in a venture called ''Vallavanuku Vallavan'' and that he had first heard and been impressed with the script in 2013. The film was to mark his first production venture, for which he set up the studio Assault Production, to co-produce the film alongside [[Thenandal Studio Limited|Sri Thenandal Films]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohapatra |first=Samhati |date=28 March 2015 |title=A Role Reversal for Bad Boy Bobby |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Role-Reversal-for-Bad-Boy-Bobby/2015/03/28/article2732033.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129150107/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/A-Role-Reversal-for-Bad-Boy-Bobby/2015/03/28/article2732033.ece |archive-date=29 November 2015 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> [[Sshivada]] and [[Pooja Devariya]] were cast as the film's lead actresses during October 2015, while [[Raghu Dixit]], [[Vivek Harshan]] and [[Padmesh]] were signed on as music composer, editor and cinematographer respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |first=Raveena |date=17 November 2015 |title=The stairway to stardom |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-stairway-to-stardom/article7885011.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417073319/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-stairway-to-stardom/article7885011.ece |archive-date=17 April 2022 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayaram |first=Deepika |date=14 December 2015 |title=Sshivada gets married! |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Sshivada-gets-married/articleshow/50173362.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417073303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Sshivada-gets-married/articleshow/50173362.cms |archive-date=17 April 2022 |access-date=14 January 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Production on the film took place throughout 2016, with the project garnering attention for featuring the actor in multiple roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saravana |first=Priya |date=1 August 2016 |title=Bobby Simha Will Be Seen in Multiple Roles In 'Vallavanukku Vallavan' |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/bobby-simha-will-be-seen-in-multiple-roles-in-vallavanukku-vallavan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119165011/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/bobby-simha-will-be-seen-in-multiple-roles-in-vallavanukku-vallavan/ |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=Silverscreen India}}</ref>

The financial problems of Sri Thenandal Films prompted a long delay in the release of the film. In 2019, it was reported that the fil would be sold to, and released by Libra Productions, but the changes did not lead to the film's release. It eventually was released theatrically in January 2023.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Raghu Dixit]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=Vallavanukkum Vallavan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/br/album/vallavanukkum-vallavan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1542972328 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124124517/https://music.apple.com/br/album/vallavanukkum-vallavan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1542972328 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Oorumunai Orathila
| length1 = 1:37
| extra1 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics1 =
| title2 = Karakudikke Rani
| length2 = 4:30
| extra2 = Apoorva Sridhar
| lyrics2 =
| title3 = Koluse Sol
| length3 = 3:26
| extra3 = [[Nakul Abhyankar]], Manasi Mahadevan
| lyrics3 =
| title4 = Nallavanukku Nallavanda
| length4 = 4:34
| extra4 = Anthony Daasan
| lyrics4 =
| title5 = Saadhu Mirandal
| length5 = 4:18
| extra5 = Ravishankar
| lyrics5 =
| total_length = 18:25 
}}

== Release and reception ==
Despite being completed in 2016, ''Vallanukkum Vallavan'' was released on 20 January 2023, seven years after the delay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=சத்தமில்லாமல் இன்று வெளியாகும் வல்லவனுக்கு வல்லவன் |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/110675/cinema/Kollywood/Vallavanukku-vallavan-releasing-today.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120073626/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/110675/cinema/Kollywood/Vallavanukku-vallavan-releasing-today.htm |archive-date=20 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

Latha Srinivasan of ''[[India Today]]'' gave a negative review citing "It's an age-old story which looks very 80s and Bobby Simha’s character is not a novelty factor. Though the director has tried to add some elements of comedy along with the con angle, it doesn’t work" and concluded the film "can be given a complete miss".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=20 January 2023 |title=Vallavanukku Vallavan Movie Review: Bobby Simha can't save this 6-year-old film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vallavanukku-vallavan-review-bobby-simha-cant-save-this-6-year-old-film-waltair-veerayya-2324193-2023-01-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120105157/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vallavanukku-vallavan-review-bobby-simha-cant-save-this-6-year-old-film-waltair-veerayya-2324193-2023-01-20 |archive-date=20 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "''Vallavanukkum Vallavan'' would have definitely worked for the audience if it would have released few years ago as planned. But now, having witnessed a lot of films of this genre, it might hardly engage the viewers."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=20 January 2023 |title=Vallavanukkum Vallavan Movie Review : Bobby Simha saves this averagely-written con drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallavanukkum-vallavan/movie-review/97175344.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121160835/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/vallavanukkum-vallavan/movie-review/97175344.cms |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath wrote, "The film released after lying in the cans for about six years may not give a stale feel. But it has a script which is weakly etched, the screenplay taking a downslide as the story telling progresses".<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2023 |title=Review- Vallavanukkum Vallavan |url=https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2023/01/21/review-vallavanukkum-vallavan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116130649/https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2023/01/21/review-vallavanukkum-vallavan/ |archive-date=16 January 2024 |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Malini Mannath |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|6461800}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raghu Dixit]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Theerkadarishi

2026-03-03T02:30:35Z

DelorisQha: made new info

{{Short description|2023 Indian Tamil Crime Thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Theerkadarishi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = {{ubl| P.G. Mohan
| L.R. Sundarapandian}}
| writer = B Sathishkumar
| producer = B Sathishkumar
| starring = {{Ubl
| [[Sathyaraj]]
| [[Ajmal Ameer]]
}}
| cinematography = J. Lakshmanan
| editing = Ranjeet.C.K
| music = G. Balasubramanian
| released = {{Film date|2023|05|05|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Theerkadarisi''''' ({{translation|Prophet}}) is a 2023 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by P.G. Mohan and L.R. Sundarapandi. The film stars [[Sathyaraj]] and [[Ajmal Ameer]], with [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]], [[Dushyanth Ramkumar|Dhushyanth]], Jaiwanth, [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] and [[Devadarshini]] portraying supporting roles. It was released on 5 May 2023.

== Synopsis ==
A stranger keeps calling the police control room to tip them off about various crimes and accidents that are about to occur in the near future.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sathyaraj]] as Daas
* [[Ajmal Ameer]] as [[Deputy commissioner of police (India)|DC]] Adithya [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Poornima Bhagyaraj]]
* [[Dushyanth Ramkumar]] as Vikram
* Jaiwanth
* [[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Srinivasan
* [[Devadarshini]] as Hema
* [[Arjunan (actor)|Arjunan]] as Vignesh
* [[Y. G. Mahendran]] as Dr. Iniyan
* [[P. L. Thenappan]]
* [[Aadukalam Naren]]
* [[Uma Padmanabhan]]
* [[Mohan Raman]]
* Indumathy Manikandan
* [[Aadhirai Soundarajan]]
* [[Charles Vinoth]]
* [[Imman Annachi]]
* [[Ambani Shankar]]
* [[Munnar Ramesh]]
* [[Karate Raja]]
* [[Anthony Daasan]] as Folk Marley
* [[Rahul Thatha]]
* [[Bijili Ramesh]]
* Mippu
* Rajendranath
* Ajit Koshy
}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by B. Sathish Kumar under the banner of Sri Saravana Films.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2023 |title=Reel vs Real – Actor Ajmal recalls unforgettable experiences while shooting 'Theergadharishi' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/Feb/28/reel-vs-realactor-ajmal-recallsunforgettable-experiences-while-shooting-theergadharishi-2551481.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505101620/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/feb/28/reel-vs-realactor-ajmal-recallsunforgettable-experiences-while-shooting-theergadharishi-2551481.amp |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film was shot in [[Chennai]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The cinematography of the film was done by J. Laxman, and the editing of the film was done by Ranjeet C.K.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2022 |title=First look of Ajmal Ameer's 'Theerkadarishi' is out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/Dec/31/first-look-of-ajmal-ameers-theerkadarishi-is-out-2533487.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505092516/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/dec/31/first-look-of-ajmal-ameers-theerkadarishi-is-out-2533487.amp |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2022 |title=First look of Ajmal's Theerkadarishi is out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/dec/31/first-look-of-ajmals-theerkadarishi-is-out-38228.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230808135403/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/dec/31/first-look-of-ajmals-theerkadarishi-is-out-38228.html |archive-date=8 August 2023 |access-date=8 August 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music is composed by G. Balasubramanian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Theerkadarishi |url=https://gaana.com/album/theerkadarishi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503075001/https://gaana.com/album/theerkadarishi |archive-date=3 May 2023 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> Lyrics were written by M.Viveka and Vivek.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer
| title1 = Andam Aada
| length1 = 3.50
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| extra1 = Yogi Sekar
| title2 = Miss You
| length2 = 3.31
| lyrics2 = [[Vivek (lyricist)|Vivek]]
| extra2 = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| title3 = Police Kaaran
| length3 = 3.31
| lyrics3 = Viveka
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| total_length = 10.12
}}

== Reception ==
Logesh Balachandran of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote that "''Theerkadarshi'', while not an extraordinary film, is a decent watch as it remains true to its genre".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=5 May 2023 |title=Theerkadarishi Movie Review : Theerkadharishi is an inventive investigative thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theerkadarishi/movie-review/99992731.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505101713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/theerkadarishi/movie-review/99992731.cms |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Navein Darshan of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' gave 1.5/5 stars and wrote that "Despite having proven performers like Devadardarshini, Ajmal and Sriman in the cast, the directors only manage to reduce them to uni-dimensional caricatures".<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2023 |title=Theerkadarishi Movie Review: Reckless screenplay meets shoddy staging |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/05/theerkadharishi-movie-reviewreckless-screenplay-meets-shoddy-staging-43052.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505101712/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/may/05/theerkadharishi-movie-reviewreckless-screenplay-meets-shoddy-staging-43052.html |archive-date=5 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' noted that " New try" and gave 2.5 ratings out of 5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-05 |title=Theerkadarishi |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theerkadarishi-26014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509052231/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/theerkadarishi-26014 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' critic stated that "They also make people aware of the social opinion against homicide. The climax is riveting."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=தீர்க்கதரிசி: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/theerkadharshi-cinema-review-960483 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509052543/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/theerkadharshi-cinema-review-960483 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt25502544}}

[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2023 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Kalkatiya Urdu

2026-02-28T14:34:28Z

DelorisQha: Put Up First Entry More To Come

{{Short description|Dialect of Urdu spoken in Kolkata, India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kalkatiya Hindustani
| altname = Calcuttan Urdu Urdu dialect of Calcutta
| region = [[Kolkata]]
| ethnicity = Calcuttiyas or Calcuttans
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Indo-Aryan]]
| fam5 = [[Western Hindi languages|Western Hindi]]
| fam6 = [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
| fam7 = [[Urdu]]
| script = [[Persian alphabet|Perso-Arabic script]] ([[Urdu alphabet]])
| notice = Indic
}}
'''Kalkatiyā Hindustani''' ([[Hindi]]: {{Lang|Hi|कलकतिया हिंदी}}, {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|کلکتیا اردو}}}}) is a variety of [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] spoken in the city of [[Kolkata]] by the Calcuttiyas or Calcuttans. Due to the heavy influence of the [[Bengali language]], it possesses a distinct identity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rauf|first=Abdur|title=مغربی بنگال میں اردو کا لسانیاتی ارتقاء|trans-title=Linguistic Development of Urdu in West Bengal|publisher=West Bengal Urdu Academy|location=Kolkata|year=1990|page=174|language=ur|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/maghribi-bangal-me-urdu-ka-lisaniyati-irteqa-abdur-rauf-ebooks?lang=ur#173
}}</ref> It is particularly prevalent in the city's Muslim neighborhoods and has a notable literary heritage. The features of Kalkatiya Hindustani reflect clear traces of [[Bengali language|Bengali]] influence, which are evident in its phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary. For instance, certain phonemes and sentence structures exhibit a Bengali-style articulation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhattacharya|first=Shanti Ranjan|author-link=Shanti Ranjan Bhattacharya|title=بنگال کی زبانوں سے اردو کا رشتہ (ایک لسانی مطالعہ)|trans-title=The Relationship of Urdu with the Languages of Bengal: A Linguistic Study|publisher=Nusrat Publishers|edition=2nd|location=Aminabad, Lucknow|year=1989|page=144|language=ur|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/bengal-ki-zabanon-se-urdu-ka-rishta-ek-lisani-mutala-shanti-ranjan-bhattacharya-ebooks?lang=ur#150
}}</ref> From a literary perspective, Kalkatiya Hindustani has produced several notable figures who contributed significantly to poetry and prose in this dialect. [[Ibrahim Hosh]] is a prominent example, who set a unique precedent through his poetry in Kalkatiya Hindustani.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rahmani|first=Abul Kalam|chapter=مغربی بنگال میں اردو طنز و مزاح|trans-chapter=Urdu Satire and Humor in West Bengal|chapter-url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/azadi-ke-baad-maghribi-bangal-ka-urdu-adab-ebooks?lang=ur#79|title=آزادی کے بعد مغربی بنگال کا اردو ادب|trans-title=Urdu Literature of West Bengal after Independence|others=Ed. by Naeem Anees|publisher=The Muslim Institute|location=Kolkata|year=2004|pages=81–82|language=ur
}}</ref>

According to linguist Naseer Ahmad, Kalkatiya Hindustani is a distinct [[sociolect]] spoken primarily in the Muslim neighborhoods of [[Kolkata]]. It is especially prevalent among older and less formally educated residents, many of whom trace their ancestry to migrants from [[Bihar]]. The dialect exhibits influences from regional languages such as [[Magadhi language|Magadhi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], and Bengali particularly noticeable in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. It is commonly used among working-class Hindustani speakers for everyday communication. While the dialect is largely confined to Kolkata, some speakers also attempt to adopt the standard form of Bengali Urdu used by the educated segments of the Urdu-speaking population. Literary samples of Kalkatiya Hindustani have appeared in various writings.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahmad|first=Naseer|title=اردو بولیاں اور کرخنداری کا عمرانی لسانیاتی مطالعہ|trans-title=A Sociolinguistic Study of Urdu Dialects and the Karkhandari|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/urdu-boliyan-aur-karkhandari-ka-imrani-lisaniyati-mutala-naseem-ahmad-ebooks?lang=ur#63|publisher=Idara-e-Tasneef|year=1979|location=Delhi|page=54|language=ur}}</ref>

[[Apurbo Krishna Kunvar]] (d. 1867) used Kalkatiya Urdu in a few couplets of his ''Masnawi-e-Kunvar''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/kunwar-apni-do-masnaviyon-ki-roshni-mein-abu-bakar-jilani-ebooks?lang=ur#196 |title=بنگال کا ایک نامور اردو شاعر کنور (اپنی دو مثنویوں کی روشنی میں)|trans-title=Kunvar: In the Light of His Two Masnavis – A Renowned Urdu Poet of Bengal|last=Jilani|first=Abu Bakar|publisher=Calligraph Offset Printers|year=1989|location=Kolkata|page=199|language=ur}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Urdu topics}}
{{Languages of India}}

[[Category:History of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Dialects of Urdu]]

East West Gas Pipeline (India)

2026-02-25T21:03:03Z

DelorisQha: quick refined information and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Short description|Natural gas pipeline project}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[East–West pipeline]] in Turkmenistan, the [[East–West Crude Oil Pipeline]] in Saudi Arabia, or the [[West–East Gas Pipeline]] in China}}
{{Infobox pipeline
| name = East West Gas Pipeline
| type = Gas Pipeline
| photo =
| caption =
| map =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]]
| province =
| coordinates =
| lat =
| long =
| direction = East to West
| start = [[Kakinada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| through = [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]] & [[Maharashtra]]
| finish = [[Bharuch]], [[Gujarat]]
| par = 18 [[National Highway (India)|National Highways]], 66 [[State Highway (India)|State Highways]], 708 roads, 17 railway lines, and 372 rivers & canals.
| owner = [[India Infrastructure Trust]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Brookfield to acquire Mukesh Ambani's gas pipeline company for Rs 13,000 crore|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/brookfield-led-invit-to-buy-ril-east-west-gas-pipeline-for-rs-13000-crore/story/327951.html|access-date= 5 June 2019}}</ref>
| partners =
| operator =
| technical_service_provider =
| contractors = [[China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau]], [[Punj Lloyd]], [[Stroytransgaz]]<ref name="cpc">{{cite news|title=China National Wins Reliance Gas Pipeline Contract in India|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-07-08/china-national-wins-reliance-gas-pipeline-contract-in-india|agency=Bloomberg|date=8 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stroytransgaz.com/projects/india/east-west_gas_pipeline |title=East-West gas pipeline - Stroytransgaz |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131110081327/http://www.stroytransgaz.com/projects/india/east-west_gas_pipeline |archive-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| construction = 2006
| est = 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gie.com/experence/benchmark-projects/east-west-gas-pipeline-project |title=Gulf - East-West Gas Pipeline Project |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003604/http://www.gie.com/experence/benchmark-projects/east-west-gas-pipeline-project |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| decom =
| length = 1386
| length_mi = 861.22
| discharge =
| discharge_bbl_d =
| diameter_mm = 1219.2
| diameter_in = 48
| compressor_stations_no = 11
| compressor_stations =
| pumping_stations_no =
| pumping_stations =
}}

'''Pipeline Infrastructure Limited'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=About PIL {{!}} PIL - Pipeline Infrastructure Limited|url=https://pipelineinfra.com/about-pil|access-date=2021-02-24|website=pipelineinfra.com}}</ref> or '''East West Gas Pipeline''' '''(EWPL)''' is a project implemented to transport gas from [[Kakinada]] ([[Andhra Pradesh]]) to [[Bharuch]] ([[Gujarat]]) including various spurs and interconnects on the way. EWPL traverses through the [[India|Indian]] states of Andhra Pradesh, [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and Gujarat. EWPL has been authorized as a common carrier pipeline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rgtil.com/pipelines_ewpl_overview.html |title=::Welcome To RGTIL website:: |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110090907/http://www.rgtil.com/pipelines_ewpl_overview.html |archive-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a wholly owned subsidiary of [[India Infrastructure Trust]], which is owned by [[Brookfield Asset Management]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Kalpana|date=2019-03-14|title=Brookfield to acquire RIL's East-West Pipeline for ₹13,000 crore|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/brookfield-to-acquire-ril-s-east-west-pipeline-for-rs-13-000-crore-1552585994982.html|access-date=2021-02-24|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> 
The East West Gas Pipeline supplies [[Natural gas]] to [[Reliance Industries Limited|RIL]]'s vast petrochemical complex at Gujarat and delivers gas to numerous customers via branch line connections along its length. The pipeline system features multiple compressor stations, numerous metering facilities at branch take-offs and an advanced control and communications network. The project is the first and largest privately owned cross-country pipeline in India and the backbone of India's burgeoning natural gas grid.

==Gas source==
The current gas source for EWPL is KG-D6 gas block located in [[Krishna Godavari Basin]], 30 to 50 km offshore of the east coast of India. [[Reliance Industries Limited|RIL]] has set up an Onshore Terminal at [[Gadimoga]] near [[Kakinada]].

==System configuration==
EWPL is a {{convert|48|inch|cm}} uniform diameter (API 5L Grade X-70) pipeline across the entire trunk length of around 1375 km with wall thicknesses 17.2, 20.7 and 25.4 mm depending on the code requirement. The pipeline is 3LPE (three layer polyethylene) coated; internally epoxy lined, helically spiral [[submerged arc welding|submerged arc welded]] (for 17.2 mm) and longitudinal submerged arc welded (for 20.7 mm and 25.4 mm). [[Cathodic protection#Impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP)|Impressed current cathodic protection]] system has been provided to supplement the coating system for protection against external [[corrosion]]. Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) of the pipeline is 98.0 bar(g).<ref>[http://pipelinesinternational.com/news/crossing_indias_narmada_river_using_hdd/055362/ Crossing India’s Narmada River using HDD — Pipelines International — The international pipeline magazine]</ref>

==Gas price==
In 2020, Indian government fixed the natural gas price at producer end (on shore point) as US{{convert|4.06|$/MMBtu|$/MWh|2|lk=on}} on [[Heat of combustion|net calorific value]] (NCV) basis from KG-D6 field.<ref>{{cite web|title= Reliance, BP to get govt capped price of USD 4.06 for new gas from KG-D6|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/oil-and-gas/reliance-bp-to-get-govt-capped-price-of-usd-4-06-for-new-gas-from-kg-d6/79825230|access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> However the enhanced price would be applicable only after compensating the shortfall gas in the previous years. The earlier price of $4.2 per million BTU on gross [[calorific value]] (GCV) basis is calculated already at maximum price cap of Brent crude of $60 per barrel (159 liters) under the applicable formula linking the price of gas per million BTU (GP) to the [[price of oil]]:

GP = 2.5 + (OP – 25) ^0.15

where OP is the annual average Brent crude price for the previous FY, with a cap of $60 per barrel
and a floor of $25 per barrel.<ref>{{cite web |page=27 |publisher=[[International Energy Agency]] |author=Anne-Sophie Corbeau |title=Natural Gas in India|url=http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/natural_gas_india_2010.pdf|access-date=25 October 2014}}</ref> As the annual Brent price has always been above $60 from 2007 to 2014, the revised gas price at $5.61 during the year 2014 is in excess of the applicable maximum price by nearly 20%.

== Controversies ==

=== Money laundering ===
EWPL is under investigation by the Indian regulators over potential laundering of $1.2 bn by the company.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-11|title=PNGRB scanning EWPL records after reports of laundering of $1.2 billion|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/pngrb-scanning-ewpl-records-after-reports-of-laundering-of-1-2-billion/1544568/|access-date=2021-03-10|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Kandla-Gorakhpur LPG Pipeline]]
*[[HVJ Gas Pipeline]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131110090905/http://www.rgtil.com/index.html?2 Company website]

{{Portal|India|Energy|Engineering}}

[[Category:Reliance Industries]]
[[Category:Energy in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Natural gas pipelines in India]]
[[Category:Energy in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Energy in Telangana]]
[[Category:Brookfield Corporation]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 2008]]

Meitei language

2026-02-24T05:15:04Z

DelorisQha: typo fix

{{Short description|Tibeto-Burman language of India}}
{{Redirect|Manipuri language|the Meitei-Bengali [[creole language]]|Bishnupriya Manipuri}}
{{About|the [[Languages with official status in India|sole official language]] of [[Manipur]]|other speech forms|languages of Manipur}}
{{Hatnote|Unless otherwise specified, Meitei in this article is written in [[Meitei Mayek]].}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Meitei
| nativename =  {{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ}} •  মৈতৈলোন •  {{transliteration|la|ISO|Meiteilon}}
| altname = Manipuri
| pronunciation =
| image = Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg
| imagescale =
| imagecaption = ''Meitei Lon'' written in Meitei script
| states = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]]
| region = [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]]
| ethnicity = [[Meitei people|Meitei]]
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam1 = [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]
| fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]
| fam3 = [[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|1.775000|2}} million
| date = 2003–2011
| ref = <ref>{{e28|mni}}</ref>
| ancestor = [[Proto-Sino-Tibetan]]
| ancestor2 = [[Proto-Tibeto-Burman]]
| script =
*[[Meetei Mayek]]
*[[Naoriya Phulo script|Naoriya Phulo]]
*[[Bengali-Assamese script]]
*[[Latin alphabet]] (unofficial)
| nation = *[[Official languages of India|India]] (scheduled official)
**[[Manipur]] (main official)
**[[Assam]] (additional official)
| minority = {{Bulleted list|[[Tripura|Tripura, India]]|[[Languages of Bangladesh|Bangladesh]]|[[Languages of Myanmar|Myanmar]]}}
| agency = [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]], Manipur
| development_body =
* [[Ministry of Culture (India)]]
* [[Sahitya Akademi]]
* [[Central Institute of Indian Languages]]
* [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]]
* [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]]
| iso2 = mni
| lc1 = mni
| ld1 = Manipuri
| lc2 = omp
| ld2 = Old Manipuri
| glotto = mani1292
| glottoname = Manipuri
| glotto2 = meit1246
| glottoname2 = Meitei (standard dialect)
| glotto3 = pang1284
| glottoname3 = Pangal (Muslim dialect)
| notice = IPA
| notice2 =
| dialects =
*[[Thougallon]] (royal court register)
*[[Amailon]] ([[liturgical language|liturgical]])
*[[Khuman (linguistics)|Khuman]] (historical)
*[[Moirang (linguistics)|Moirang]] (historical)
*[[Chakpa language|Chakpa/Loi]]
*Meitei Pangal<ref name="ethnologue_mni">{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724203234/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |archive-date=24 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Meitei language in Bangladesh|Bangladeshi Meitei]]
| speakers2 =
| map = File:Meitei language distribution.png
| mapcaption =
{{legend|#014167|Regions where Meitei is official and educational language}}
{{legend|#076BA2|Regions where Meitei is recognised and educational language but not official}}
{{legend|#419ED5|Regions where Meitei is not recognised and not official but educational}}
{{legend|#79A9E3|Regions where Meitei is recognised but not official and educational}}
{{legend|#A6BBD5|Regions with significant Meitei speaking minorities}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

'''Meitei''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|t|eɪ}};<ref>{{Cite OED|Meithei |access-date=14 October 2022}}</ref> {{Meitei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ|ba=মৈতৈলোন্|label=no|xlit=yes|p=no}} {{IPA| mni|mejtejlon|pron}}), also known as '''Manipuri''' ({{Meitei|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ|ba=মণিপুরী|label=no}} {{IPA|mni|mənipuɾi|pron}}), is a [[Tibeto-Burman language]] of [[northeast India]]. It is the official language and the [[lingua franca]] of [[Manipur]] and an additional official language in four districts of [[Assam]]. It is one of the [[scheduled languages of India|constitutionally scheduled official languages of the Indian Republic]].<ref name="britannica.com" /> Meitei is the most widely-spoken [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman language]] of India and the third most widely spoken language of northeast India after [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=13–14 |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
There are {{sigfig|1.761079|3}} million [[States of India by Meitei speakers|Meitei native speakers in India according to the 2011 census]], {{sigfig|1.522132|3}} million of whom are found in the state of Manipur, where they represent the majority of its population. There are smaller communities in neighbouring Indian states, such as [[#Assam|Assam]] ({{sigfig|168133|3}}), [[#Tripura|Tripura]] ({{sigfig|23779|2}}), [[#Nagaland|Nagaland]] ({{sigfig|9511|2}}), and elsewhere in the country ({{sigfig|37524|3}}). The language is also spoken by smaller groups in neighbouring [[#Myanmar|Myanmar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuris in Mandalay see ray of hope in Modi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Manipuris-in-Mandalay-see-ray-of-hope-in-Modi/articleshow/48059811.cms |last1=Sunil |first1=Oinam |date=14 July 2015 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and [[Meitei language in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]].<ref>{{e28|mni}}</ref>

Meitei and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] jointly hold the third place among the fastest growing [[languages of India]], following [[Hindi]] and [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=R |first=Aishwaryaa |date=6 June 2019 |title=What census data reveals about use of Indian languages |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/what-census-data-reveals-about-use-of-indian-languages-738340.html |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>

Meitei is not [[Language endangerment|endangered]]: its status has been assessed as safe by ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (where it is assigned to [[EGIDS]] level 2 "provincial language").<ref>{{e28|mni}}</ref> However, it is considered [[vulnerable language|vulnerable]] by UNESCO.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Moseley |editor-first1=C. |title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger (3rd ed) |date=2010 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |location=Paris |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026 |pages=44{{ndash}}45 and elsewhere}}</ref>

The Manipuri language is associated with the [[Ningthouja dynasty]] ([[Mangang]]s), the [[Khuman kingdom|Khuman dynasty]], the [[Ancient Moirang|Moirang]]s, the [[Angom]]s, the [[Luwang]]s, the [[Salai Leishangthem|Chengleis]] ([[Sarang-Leishangthem]]s), and the [[Khaba-Nganba]]s. Each had their respective distinct dialects and were politically independent from one another. Later, all of them fell under the dominion of the Ningthouja dynasty, changing their status of being independent "ethnicities" into those of "clans" of the collective [[Meitei community]]. The Ningthouja dialect was predominant,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA10 |title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-853-2 |page=10 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Miri |first=Mrinal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfSz3UOAxM4C&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA77 |title=Linguistic Situation in North-East India |date=2003 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-026-6 |page=77 |language=en}}</ref> and received heavy influences from the speech forms of the other groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chungkham Yashwanta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pCtkAAAAMAAJ |title=Manipuri Grammar |date=2000 |publisher=Rajesh Publications |isbn=978-81-85891-33-0 |pages=2, 202 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayyappappanikkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=luwang+khuman+angom+language&pg=PA333 |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 |page=333 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aspects of Manipuri language and its literary traditions By Ahanthem Homen |url=https://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Aspects_of_Manipuri_language_and_its_literary_traditions_By_Ahanthem_Homen.html.. |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

Meitei is one of the advanced literary languages recognised by [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters.

== Classification ==
Meitei belongs to the [[Tibeto-Burman]] branch of the [[Sino-Tibetan]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref><ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web |title=Manipuri language |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Manipuri-language |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=15 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

During the 19th and 20th centuries, different linguists tried to assign Meitei to various sub-groups. Early classifier [[George Abraham Grierson]] (1903–1924) put it in [[Kuki-Chin]], Vegelin and Voegelin (1965) in Kuki-Chin-Naga, and Benedict (1972) in Kuki-Naga. [[Robbins Burling]] has suggested that Meitei belongs to none of those groups.<ref name="iias">{{Cite web |title=A History of Manipuri Language |url=http://iias.ac.in/events/a-history-of-manipuri-language/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=[[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Current academic consensus agrees with [[James Matisoff]] in placing Manipuri in its own subdivision of the Kamarupan group—a geographic rather than a genetic grouping.<ref name="britannica.com"/> However, some still consider Meitei to be a member of the [[Kuki-Chin-Naga languages|Kuki-Chin-Naga branch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 4.8 – Manipuri |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mani1292 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=glottolog.org}}</ref>

== History ==

[[File:Yumbanlol (Yumpanlol) - a 6th century Classical Meitei language copper manuscript text - in Meetei script - works on sensuality & relationship between husbands & wives and how to run a household in Ancient Kangleipak civilisation state.jpg|thumb|Yumbanlol (Yumpanlol), a group of 6th century Classical Meitei language [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper plate inscriptions]], written in [[Meitei script]].]]

The Meitei language has existed for at least 2000 years.<ref name="iias" />
According to linguist [[Suniti Kumar Chatterjee]], the [[ancient Meitei literature]] dates back to 1500 to 2000 years [[before present]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |author-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32096/page/n187/mode/2up |title=Kirata-jana-krti |date=1951 |publisher=[[The Asiatic Society]], [[Digital Library of India]]; [[Internet Archive]] |location=Kolkata |publication-date=1951 |pages=157, 158 |language=en |quote=... The beginnings of this Old Manipuri literature (as in the case of Newari) may go back to 1500 years, or even 2000 years, from now. ...}}</ref>

=== First Millennium CE ===
The earliest known Meitei language compositions is the ritual song ''[[Ougri]]'' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯧꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ}}), which was used in religious and coronation ceremonies of [[Kangleipak]]. It may have existed before the [[Common Era]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayyappappanikkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA329 |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |date=1997 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 |pages=326–329 |language=en |author-link=Ayyappa Paniker}}</ref> ''[[Numit Kappa]]'' {{Meitei|ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯥꯞꯄ|t=The Shooting of the Sun}}, a religious epic that tells the tale of how the night was divided from the day, was also composed in the first century.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kshetrimayum |first1=Jogendro |editor-last1=Wouters |editor-first1=Jelle J. P. |editor-last2=Subba |editor-first2=Tanka B. |chapter=Violence |title=The Routledge Companion to Northeast India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YseEEAAAQBAJ&q=Numit+Kappa+1st&pg=PT473 |year=2023 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=978-0-367-72566-2 |page=483 |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Poireiton Khunthok]]'' {{Meitei|ꯄꯣꯢꯔꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯟꯊꯣꯛ|t=The Immigration of Poireiton}} is a 3rd-century narrative work describing the establishment of a colony in Kangleipak by a group of immigrants led by [[Poireiton]], the younger brother of the god of the underworld.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466183/page/n121/mode/2up?view=theater |title=History of Old Manipuri Literature |location=Imphal |publisher=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra Singh |pages=121, 122 |language=en, mni |chapter=Poireiton Khunthokpa}}</ref>

The ''Yumbanlol'', a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper plate manuscript]] was composed in the 6th century or 7th century CE for the royal family of Kangleipak. It is a rare work of [[dharmashastra]], covering sexuality, the relationships between husbands and wives, and instructions on how to run a household.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Vijñānanidhi: Manuscript Treasures of India |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/34231921/manuscript-treasures-of-india-national-mission-for-manuscripts/88 |date=February 2007 |publisher=National Mission of Manuscripts |access-date=2024-04-29 |oclc=171288062 |pages=88, 89 |language=en}}</ref>

The ''Khencho'' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣ}}), an early Meitei work of poetry was composed by the beginning of the 7th century CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Khelchandra Ningthoukhongjam |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466183/page/n97/mode/2up |title=History Of Old Manipuri Literature |location=Imphal |publisher=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra Singh |pages=97, 98 |language=mni |chapter=Khencho |author-link=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra}}</ref> Although it is obscure and unintelligible to present-day Meiteis, it is still recited as part of the [[Lai Haraoba]] festival.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |pages=14, 15 |language=en, mni |chapter=The Early Period (Ritual Songs)}}</ref>

One of the best-preserved early Meitei language epigraphic records is a copper plate inscription dating to the reign of King Khongtekcha ({{reign|c. 763|773|era=CE}}).<ref name="aponpath.com">{{Cite book |last=Devi |first=Yumlembam Gopi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=8th%20century%20copper%20plate%20inscription%20manipur&pg=PA25 |title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture |date=16 June 2019 |isbn=978-0-359-72919-7 |page=25 |publisher=LP |language=en}}</ref> During the same time period, Akoijam Tombi composed the ''[[Panthoibi Khonggul]]'' ({{lang|omp|{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯀꯨꯜ}}|}}), an account of the romantic adventures of the [[deification|deified]] Meitei princess [[Panthoibi]].<ref name=":Glimpses_Panthoibi_Khongul">{{Cite book |last=Devi |first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&dq=panthoibi+khongul&pg=PA119 |title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture |date=16 June 2019 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-0-359-72919-7 |page=119 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Second Millennium CE ===
[[File:The first page of Loyumba Silyen (Loiyumpa Silyel) - 11th-12th century Classical Meitei language Constitution of the then Kangleipak civilisation state - in traditional Meetei Mayek writing system (Manipur State Archives).jpg|thumb|The first page of Loyumba Shinyen, the 11th-12th century Meitei-language constitution of Kangleipak.]]

In 1100 CE, a written constitution, {{meitei|ꯂꯣꯏꯌꯨꯝꯄ ꯁꯤꯜꯌꯦꯜ|la=[[Loyumba Shinyen]]}}, was finalised by King [[Loiyumba]] ({{reign|c. 1074|1112|era=CE}}) of Kangleipak. It was a codification of the proto-constitution drafted by King [[Naophangba]] in 429 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO-vtI8NuxIC&dq=loyumba+shinyen+final+document&pg=PP2 |title=Manipur: Treatise & Documents |date=1993 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-399-5 |page=2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9eYC4tjzyi4C&dq=loyumba+shinyen+written+constitution&pg=PA304 |title=Law and Society: Strategy for Public Choice, 2001 |date=1991 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-271-4 |page=304 |language=en}}</ref>

Before 1675 CE, the Meitei language experienced no significant influence from any other languages.<ref name="iias" /> Beginning in the late 17th century, Hindu influence on Meitei culture increased, and the Meitei language experienced some influences from other languages, on its [[phonology]], [[morphology (linguistics)]], [[syntax]] and [[semantics]]. At the same time, the Hinduised King [[Pamheiba]] ordered that the [[Meitei script]] be replaced by the [[Bengali-Assamese script]].<ref name="iias" />

[[File:ANDRO INSCRIBED STONE.jpg|thumb|An 1822 CE stone recording a royal decree attributed to King [[Ching-Thang Khomba|Jai Singh]] ({{reign|1759|1762|1763|1798}}), erected at [[Andro, Imphal East]], Manipur]]

In 1725 CE, Pamheiba wrote [[Meitei translations and literary adaptations of the Mahabharata#History|Parikshit]], possibly the first piece of Meitei-language [[Hindu literature]], based on the story of the eponymous king [[Parikshit]] of the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ch Manihar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yiBkAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of Manipuri Literature |date=1996 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-260-0086-9 |location=India |page=135 |language=en}}</ref>

== Geographical distribution ==
{{Further|States of India by Meitei speakers}}
The majority of Meitei speakers, about 1.5 million<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Census Tables |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables |website=Census of India |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=15 February 2024 |year=2011}}</ref> live in the Indian state of Manupur. Meitei is the official language of the [[Government of Manipur]] as well as its [[lingua franca]].<ref name="britannica.com" /> [[File:Map of Barak Valley.jpg|thumb|Districts of Barak Valley – Meitei speaking population settlement areas of Assam]]
There are nearly 170,000 Meitei-speakers in Assam,<ref name="census"/> mainly in the [[Barak Valley]], where it is the third most commonly used language after Bengali and Hindi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mishra |first=Awadesh |date=1 January 1999 |title=The Manipuris in the Barak Valley: A Case Study of Language Maintenance' |url=https://www.academia.edu/1059019 |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area}}</ref> Manipuri is also spoken by about 9500 people in Nagaland, in communities such as [[Dimapur]], [[Kohima]], [[Peren, Nagaland|Peren]] and [[Phek]].<ref name="ethnologue_mni"/><ref name="census"/> Meitei is a [[second language]] for various [[Naga people|Naga]] and [[Kuki-Chin-Mizo people|Kuki-Chin]] ethnic groups.<ref name="ethnologue_mni"/>

[[File:Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg|thumb|Areas with significant numbers of Meitei speakers in Bangladesh]]
There are around 15,000 [[Meitei language in Bangladesh|Meitei speakers in Bangladesh]]{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} mainly are in the districts of [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]], [[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]], [[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]] and [[Habiganj District|Habiganj]] in the [[Sylhet Division]] of Bangladesh. In the past, there was a Meitei speaking population in [[Dhaka]], [[Mymensingh]] and [[Comilla]] also.<ref name=":Bangladesh">{{Cite web |title=Textile Bdesh Myanmar 3 |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Mutua_Bahadur_Art_Collection.Textile_Bdesh_Myanmar_3 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Manipuri is used as a second language by the [[Bishnupriya Manipuri people]].<ref name="ethnologue_mni"/>

Myanmar has a significant Meitei speaking population in the states of [[Kachin state|Kachin]] and [[Shan state|Shan]] and the regions of [[Yangon Region|Yangon]], [[Sagaing Region|Sagaing]], and [[Ayeyarwady Region|Ayeyarwady]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri in Myanmar 1 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Mutua_Bahadur_Art_Collection.Manipuri_in_Myanmar_1 |access-date=14 March 2023 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

== Name ==
According to the [[Ethnologue]], the alternative names of Meitei language are ''Kathe, Kathi, Manipuri, Meetei, Meeteilon, Meiteilon, Meiteiron, Meithe, Meithei, Menipuri, Mitei, Mithe, Ponna''.<ref name="ethnologue_mni"/>

The name ''Meitei'' or its alternate spelling ''Meithei'' is preferred by many native speakers of Meitei over ''Manipuri.''<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2">Chelliah (1997: 2)</ref> The term is derived from the Meitei word for the language ''Meitheirón'' (''Meithei'' + ''-lon'' 'language', pronounced {{IPA|/mə́i.təi.lón/}}).<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=H. Surmangol |year=2006 |title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary. Meitei |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A9&searchhws=yes |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> ''Meithei'' may be a compound from ''mí'' 'man' + ''they'' 'separate'.<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> This term is used by most Western linguistic scholarship.<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> Meitei scholars use the term ''Meit(h)ei'' when writing in English and the term ''Meitheirón'' when writing in Meitei.<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> Chelliah (2015: 89) notes that the ''Meitei'' spelling has replaced the earlier ''Meithei'' spelling.<ref>Chelliah (2015: 89)</ref>

The language (and people) is also referred to by the loconym ''Manipuri.''<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> The term is derived from the name of the state of [[Manipur]].<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> ''Manipuri'' is the official name of the language for the Indian government and is used by government institutions and non-Meitei authors.<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> The term ''Manipuri'' is also used to refer to the different [[languages of Manipur]] and to the people.<ref name="Chelliah 1997: 2"/> Additionally, ''Manipuri,'' being a loconym, can refer to anything pertaining to the Manipur state.

Speakers of Meitei language are known as ''"Kathe"'' by the [[Burmese people]], ''"Moglie"'' or ''"Mekhlee"'' by the people of [[Cachar]], Assam ([[Dimasa people|Dimasas]] and [[Assamese people|Assamese]]) and ''"Cassay"'' by the [[Shan people]] and the other peoples living in the east of the [[Ningthee River]] (or Khyendwen River). ''"Ponna"'' is the Burmese term used to refer to the [[Meitei people|Meiteis]] living inside [[Burma]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gangte |first=Priyadarshini M. |url=http://www.thepeopleschronicle.in/daily/english/1781 |title=Evolution of Meetei state- Emergence of Nongda Lairen Pakhangba |work=The People's Chronicle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119084314/http://www.thepeopleschronicle.in/daily/english/1781 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>

== Dialects ==
The Meitei language exhibits a degree of regional variation; however, in recent years the broadening of communication, as well as intermarriage, has caused the [[dialect]]al differences to become relatively insignificant. The only exceptions to this occurrence are the speech differences of the dialects found in Tripura, Bangladesh and Myanmar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thoudam |first1=P. C. |title=Demographic and Ethnographic Information: Problems in the analysis of Manipuri language |date=2006 |publisher=Central Institute of Indian Language}}</ref> The exact number of dialects of Meitei is unknown.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haokip |first1=P. |date=April 2011 |title=The Languages of Manipur: A Case Study of the Kuki-Chin Languages |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=86–118}}</ref>

The three main dialects of Meitei are: Meitei proper, Loi and Pangal. Differences between these dialects are primarily characterised by the extensions of new sounds and tonal shifts. Meitei proper is considered to be the [[standard language|standard variety]]—and is viewed as more dynamic than the other two dialects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}</ref> The brief table below compares some words in these three dialects:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ningoma |first1=M. S. |title=Manipur Dialects |date=1996 |publisher=Sealang Projects}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Standard Meitei !! Loi !! Pangal !! English translation
|-
| chaaba || chaapa|| chaaba|| to eat
|-
| kappa|| kapma|| kappa|| to weep
|-
| saabiba|| saapipa|| saabiba|| to make
|-
| thamba|| thampa|| thamba|| to put
|-
| chuppiba|| chuppipa|| chuppiba|| to kiss
|}

Devi (2002)<ref name="Devi2002">Devi, L. Manimala. 2002. A comparative study of Imphal, Andro, Koutruk and Kakching dialects of Meiteiron. (Doctoral dissertation, Canchipur: Manipur University; 273pp.)</ref> compares the [[Imphal]], [[Andro, Imphal East|Andro]], Koutruk, and [[Kakching]] dialects of Meitei.

== Status ==
{{Further|Meitei classical language movement|Meitei associate official language movement}}

Meitei is the sole [[official language]] of the [[Government of Manipur]], and has been an official language of India since 1992.<ref name="britannica.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri language and alphabets |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm |website=omniglot.com}}</ref>

Meitei language was the court language of the historic [[Manipur Kingdom]],<ref name="Sanajaoba 1988 290">{{Cite book |last=Sanajaoba |first=Naorem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=manipuri+court+language&pg=PA290 |title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-853-2 |page=290 |language=en}}</ref> and before it merged into the Indian Republic.<ref name=":court_language_status">{{Cite book |last=Chishti |first=S. M. A. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YMcxSM_ZO30C&dq=Manipuri+court+language&pg=PA282 |title=Political Development in Manipur, 1919–1949 |date=2005 |publisher=GPH |isbn=978-81-7835-424-8 |page=282 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Sahitya Akademi]], India's National Academy of Letters, recognised Meitei as one of the major advanced Indian literary languages in 1972, long before it became an official language in 1992.
In 1950, the [[Government of India]] did not include Meitei in its list of 14 official languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=English Releases |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=5928 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> A [[Meitei language movement#Scheduled language movement|language movement]], spearheaded by organisations including the [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]] and the All Manipur Students' Union demanded that Meitei be made an official language for more than 40 years, until Meitei was finally added to the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]] in 1992.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=C. Joshua |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=daMpNcQKkjMC |title=Constraints in Development of Manipur |last2=Gopalakrishnan |first2=Ramamoorthy |last3=Singh |first3=R. K. Ranjan |date=2001 |publisher=Regency Publications [for Policy Alternatives for the North-East and Conflict Elimination Awareness] |isbn=978-81-87498-30-8 |pages=54–55 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri language in 8th Schedule By Jeet Akoijam |url=http://e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.Manipuri_language_in_8th_Schedule_By_Jeet_Akoijam.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

Meitei became an associate official language of [[Assam]] in 2024,<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-recognises-manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-four-districts-101708770769105.html |access-date=29 April 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> following several years of effort by the [[Meitei associate official language movement]] to protect the identity, history, culture and tradition of Manipuris in Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipuri as associate official language in Assam Sanajaoba approaches Sonowal |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/9/24/Manipuri-as-associate-official-language-in-AssamSanajaoba-approaches-Sonowal-.html |website=The Sangai Express |date=24 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipuri language should be one of Assam's associate official languages: AAMSU |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/9888/manipuri-language-should-be-one-of-assams-associate-official-languages-aamsu |work=Imphal Free Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811005543/https://www.ifp.co.in/9888/manipuri-language-should-be-one-of-assams-associate-official-languages-aamsu |archive-date=2023-08-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="hindu27Sep2020">{{Cite news |last=Laithangbam |first=Iboyaima |date=27 September 2020 |title=Assam to look into demand to include Manipuri in list of associate languages |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/minister-to-look-into-demand-to-include-manipuri-in-the-list-of-associate-languages-of-assam/article32707194.ece}}</ref>

The Meitei language is one of the 13 official languages of the India used to administer police, armed services, and civil service recruitment exams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh lauds SSC for deciding to conduct the Multi-Tasking (Non-Technical) Staff examination 2022 in 13 regional languages in addition to Hindi and English for the first time |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1892439 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=pib.gov.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipuri among 13 regional languages approved for CAPF exam |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-among-13-regional-languages-approved-for-capf-exam |access-date=19 April 2023 |work=[[Imphal Free Press]] |date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009002143/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipuri-among-13-regional-languages-approved-for-capf-exam |archive-date=2024-10-09 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Press Information Bureau]] of the Indian [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] publishes in 14 languages, including Meitei.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Imphal Free |author-link=Imphal Free Press |title=PIB website has news in regional languages now – KanglaOnline |url=http://kanglaonline.com/2015/11/pib-website-has-news-in-regional-languages-now/ |access-date=25 January 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Education ==
Meitei is a language of instruction in all in the educational institutions in Manipur. It is one of the 40 instructional languages offered by the [[Central Board of Secondary Education]] (CBSE), controlled and managed by the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBSE {{!}} Academics Unit: Curriculum/Syllabus |url=https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum.html |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=[[Central Board of Secondary Education|cbseacademic.nic.in]]}}</ref> Meitei is taught as a subject up to the post-graduate level in Indian universities, including [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], [[Delhi University]], [[Gauhati University]], and the [[University of North Bengal]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Devi |first1=S. |date=May 2013 |title=Is Manipuri an Endangered Language? |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/may2013/rebikameitheiendangeredfinal.pdf |journal=Language in India |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=520–533}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bareh |first=Hamlet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XScmdGvMf7IC&dq=Manipuri+national+language&pg=PA80 |title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India |date=2001 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-790-0 |page=80 |language=en}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi National Open University]] teaches Meitei to undergraduates.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipur: Meitei language to be introduced in IGNOU syllabus, says union minister |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/manipur-meitei-language-to-be-introduced-in-ignou-syllabus-says-union-minister.html |website=Northeast Now |access-date=18 February 2024 |date=21 August 2023}}</ref>

=== Assam ===
Meitei language instruction has been offered in the lower primary schools of Assam since 1956.<ref name="hindu27Sep2020" /> The [[Board of Secondary Education, Assam]] offers secondary education in Manipuri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Assam HSLC Exam Routine 2023 Revised: SEBA To Conduct All Class 10 Language Papers Including English On April 1 |url=https://www.india.com/education/assam-hslc-exam-routine-2023-revised-seba-to-conduct-all-class-10-language-paper-including-english-on-april-1-after-assamese-paper-leak-himanta-biswa-sarma-5950004/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=India.com |language=en |quote=In addition to Assamese, the other MIL subjects are Bengali, Bodo, Hindi, Manipuri, Hmar, Nepali, Mizo, Khasi, Garo, Karbi and Urdu.}}</ref> The [[Assam Higher Secondary Education Council]] of Assam offers both Meitei-language schooling and instruction in Meitei as a second language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AHSEC complete syllabus for HS 2nd year |url=https://ahsec.assam.gov.in/index.php/hs-2nd-year-syllabus/ |website=ahsec.assam.gov.in}}</ref>

Since 2020, the [[Assam Government]] has made an annual grant of {{INR Convert|5|l|year=2020}} to the [[Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]] (Manipuri Language Council). It also invested {{INR Convert|6|c|year=2020}} in the creation of a corpus for the development of the Meitei language.<ref name="hindu27Sep2020" />

The [[Department of Manipuri, Assam University|Department of Manipuri]] of [[Assam University]] offers education up to the Ph.D. level in Meitei language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Department |url=http://www.aus.ac.in/manipuri-department/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=5 literary bodies bat for Manipuri language in Assam |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2020/8/3/5-literary-bodies-bat-for-Manipuri-language-in-Assam.amp.html |access-date=18 March 2023 |work=The Sangai Express |date=3 August 2020 |language=en |quote=Moreover, Manipuri in MA and PhD courses are offered at Assam University, Silchar.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=AAMSU demands Associate Official Language status to Manipuri language |url=https://www.time8.in/aamsu-demands-associate-official-language-status-to-manipuri-language/ |work=Time8 |date=22 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054218/https://www.time8.in/aamsu-demands-associate-official-language-status-to-manipuri-language/ |archive-date=2022-08-26 |quote=Several universities, notably Assam University and Silchar University, provide Manipuri language courses.}}</ref>

=== Tripura ===
Since 1998, the [[Government of Tripura]] has offered Meitei language as a "first language" subject at primary level in 24 schools throughout the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MANIPURI {{!}} DIRECTORATE OF KOKBOROK & OTHER MINORITY LANGUAGES |url=https://kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in/manipuri#:~:text=The%20government%20of%20Tripura%20has,notified%20schools%20throughout%20the%20state. |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=kokborokoml.tripura.gov.in}}</ref>

In December 2021, [[Tripura University]] proposed to the Indian Ministry of Education and the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Council (UGC)]], regarding the introduction of diploma courses in Meitei, along with international languages like Japanese, Korean and Nepali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2021 |title=Tripura University proposes introduction of diploma courses in Japanese, Korean, Nepali and Manipuri languages |url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/tripura-university-proposes-introduction-diploma-courses-japanese-korean-nepali-and-manipuri-languages-411046-2021-12-23 |access-date=18 March 2023 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref>

== Phonology ==
The exact classification of the Meitei language within [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] remains unclear. It has lexical resemblances to [[Kuki language|Kuki]] and [[Tangkhul language|Tangkhul]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Post |first1=Mark W. |last2=Burling |first2=Robbins |author2-link=Robbins Burling |year=2017 |orig-date=First published 2003 |chapter=The Tibeto-Burman Languages of Northeastern India |editor1-last=Thurgood |editor1-first=Graham |editor1-link=Graham Thurgood |editor2-last=LaPolla |editor2-first=Randy J. |editor2-link=Randy LaPolla |title=The Sino-Tibetan Languages |edition=2nd |publisher=Routledge |pages=23, 232–233 |isbn=978-1-138-78332-4}}</ref>

=== Tone ===
The Meitei language is a [[tonal language]]. There is a controversy over whether there are two or three tones.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |last1=LaPolla |first1=Randy J. |author-link=Randy LaPolla |year=2000 |title=Book review: A grammar of Meitei, by S. L. Chelliah |journal=Lingua |publisher=Elsevier |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=299–304 |doi=10.1016/s0024-3841(99)00037-6}}</ref>

=== Segments ===
Meitei distinguishes the following [[phonemes]]:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chelliah |first1=S. L. |title=Meitei Phonology |date=1997 |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |pages=17–21}}</ref>

'''Consonants'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!colspan=3|
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/ [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
!colspan=3|[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
!rowspan=4|[[Plosive]]
!rowspan=2|{{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]}}
!{{small|unaspirated}}
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|tʃ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
!{{small|[[aspirated consonant|aspirated]]}}
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}
|{{IPA link|tʰ}}
|
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
!rowspan=2|{{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
!{{small|unaspirated}}
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|dʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
!{{small|[[breathy voice|breathy]]}}
|{{IPA link|bʱ}}
|{{IPA link|dʱ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɡʱ}}
|
|-
!colspan=3|[[Fricative]]
|
|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
!colspan=3|[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=3|[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=3|[[Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}

'''Vowels'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
![[Close vowel|High]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|ɐ}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Open vowel|Low]]
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

Note: the central vowel /ɐ/ is transcribed as <nowiki><ə></nowiki> in recent linguistic work on Meitei. However, phonetically it is never [ə], but more usually [ɐ]. It is assimilated to a following approximant: /ɐw/ = [ow], /ɐj/ = [ej].

=== Phonological processes ===
A velar deletion is noted to occur on the suffix -lək when following a syllable ending with a /k/ phoneme.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Meitei has a [[dissimilatory]] process similar to [[Grassmann's law]] found in Ancient Greek and [[Sanskrit]], though occurring on the second aspirate.<ref>Chelliah (1997)</ref> Here, an aspirated consonant is deaspirated if preceded by an aspirated consonant (including {{IPA|/h/, /s/}}) in the previous syllable. The deaspirated consonants are then voiced between sonorants.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

{{interlinear|indent=3
|/tʰin-/ + /-kʰət/ → /tʰinɡət/
|pierce {} upward {} {pierce upwards}
|}}
{{interlinear|indent=3
|/səŋ/ + /kʰom/ → /səŋɡom/
|cow {} udder {} milk
|}}
{{interlinear|indent=3
|/hi-/ + /-tʰok/ → /hidok/
|trim {} outward {} {trim outwards}
|}}

== Writing systems ==

=== Meitei script ===
[[File:Depiction of the Puya Mei Thaba (Burning of the Meitei texts) ordered by Meitei King Pamheiba (AKA Garib Niwaj or Gopal Singh) under the influence of Bengali Hindu missionary Shantidas Gosai (AKA Shantidas Goswami or Shantidas Adhikari).jpg|thumb|300px|Depiction of the 18th century historic burning of texts written in Meitei script.]]

The [[Meitei script]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ}}|Meitei mayek|label=none}})<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khuman |first1=Yanglem Loijing Khomba |last2=Devi |first2=Salam Dickeeta |last3=Singh |first3=Ch. Ponykumar |last4=Devi |first4=H. Mamata |last5=Singh |first5=N. Ajith |date=1 December 2022 |title=A benchmark dataset for printed Meitei/Meetei script character recognition |journal=Data in Brief |language=en |volume=45 |article-number=108585 |doi=10.1016/j.dib.2022.108585 |pmid=36426059 |pmc=9679442 |bibcode=2022DIB....4508585K |issn=2352-3409}}</ref> is one of the [[official scripts of the Indian Republic]]. Meitei mayek is also known as Kanglei script {{meitei|ꯀꯪꯂꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ|kanglei mayek|label=no}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Noni |first1=Arambam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzjbCgAAQBAJ&q=Kanglei+script+Meetei+Mayekuz8AhVlSWwGHeUtCqoQ6AF6BAgFEAM&pg=PA223 |title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur |last2=Sanatomba |first2=Kangujam |year=2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-317-27066-9 |pages=223, 235, 237 |language=en}}</ref> or kok sam lai script {{meitei|ꯀꯣꯛ ꯁꯝ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ|la=kok sam lai mayeke|label=no}}, after its first three letters.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=mni:মণিপুরদা লোলয়ান চঙলকপা অমদি মীতৈ ইয়েক্না থোঙজিন্দা ৱারৌজনা লেপ্লরবদা ! |url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/17.02.2022-B5.pdf |website=Hueiyen Lanpao |language=mni}}</ref> Its earliest known appearance is on 6th century coins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&q=Manipur%208th%20century%20copper%20plate%20inscription%20Manipur&pg=PA142 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1987 |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1 |page=142 |language=en}}</ref> It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the [[Bengali script]], and then revived in again massively in the 20th.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Laithangbam |first=Iboyaima |date=23 September 2017 |title=Banished Manipuri script stages a comeback |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/banished-manipuri-script-stages-a-comeback/article19743482.ece |access-date=6 March 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2021, the use of Meetei Mayek to write Manipuri was officially adopted by the [[government of Manipur]], alongside Bengali script.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GAZETTE TITLE: The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021 |url=http://manipurgovtpress.nic.in/en/details_gazzete/?gazette=658 |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=manipurgovtpress.nic.in}}</ref>

The Roman alphabet has been used in medium for teaching basic Meitei as a second language teaching by the Board of Secondary Education, Manipur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2023 |title=Manipur HSLC Date Sheet 2023: BSEM Class 10 time table released, exam begins March 16 |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/manipur-hslc-date-sheet-2023-bsem-class-10-time-table-released-exam-begins-march-16/articleshow/97300318.cms?from=mdr |access-date=6 March 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=10 January 2019 |title=Manipur Board Class 12 (HSC) and Class 10 (HSLC) Timetable 2019 available online at manipureducation.gov.in {{!}} Check now |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/manipur-board-class-12-hsc-and-class-10-hslc-timetable-2019-available-online-at-manipureducation-gov-in-check-now-1502723456.html |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |language=en-US}}</ref> More recently, the Board has issued a directive that no more Manipuri textbooks using the Latin alphabet be published.<ref>{{cite web |title=MEELAL lauds BSEM order: 04th feb24 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=44..040224.feb24 |website=e-pao.net |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref> Meitei language editions of the Bible in Roman script are very commonly used by the [[Christianity in Manipur|Christians]] in Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Birth of Jesus Manipuri Roman Mayek CB |url=https://bibleforchildren.org/PDFs/manipuri_roman_mayek/36_The_Birth_of_Jesus_Manipuri_Roman_Mayek_CB.pdf |website=bibleforchildren.org}}</ref>

The [[Naoriya Phulo script]] is a [[constructed script]], invented by Laininghan Naoriya Phulo (1888–1941). It shares many similarities with [[Devanagari]] and Bengali script.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=mni:নাওরিয়া ফুলো: ঋষি অমা - এলাংম দীনমনী |url=http://hueiyenlanpao.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/12.11.2019-B7.pdf |work=Hueiyen Lanpao |language=mni |publication-place=India}}</ref> It was championed by [[Apokpa Marup]], but was never widely adopted.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Wahengbam Ibohal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463276/page/n501/mode/2up?q=Naoriya+phullo |title=The History Of Manipur |publisher=[[Digital Library of India]] |others=[[Internet Archive]] |location=India |page=501 |language=en}}</ref>

== Grammar ==
Sentences in the Meitei language use the [[subject–object–verb word order]] (SOV). For example, in the sentence ''Ei chak chai'' (ꯑꯩ ꯆꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯢ), which translates to ''I eat rice'', the gloss is "ei" (I), "chak" (rice), "chai" (eat).

=== Nouns ===
Nouns and pronouns are marked for number in Meitei. The plural is indicated by the suffixes -khoi (for personal pronouns and human proper nouns) and -sing (for all other nouns). Verbs associated with the pluralised nouns are unaffected. Examples are demonstrated below:<ref name="Singh 2013">{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=S. Indrakumar |date=November 2013 |title=Agreements in Manipuri |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/nov2013/indrakumaragreementsmanipurifinal.pdf |journal=Language in India |volume=13 |issue=11 |pages=216–231}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Noun (Meitei) !! Noun (English) !! Example (Meitei) !! Example (English)
|-
| angaang || baby || angaang kappi|| Baby cries.
|-
| angaangsing || babies || angaangsing kappi || Babies cry.
|}

When adjectives are used to be more clear, Meitei utilises separate words and does not add a suffix to the noun. Examples are show in the chart below:<ref name="Singh 2013" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Adjective (Meitei) !! Adjective (English) !! Example (Meitei) !! Example (English)
|-
| ama || one || mi ama laak'i || A person comes.
|-
| khara || some || mi khara laak'i || Some persons come.
|-
| mayaam || many || mi mayaam laak'i || Many persons come.
|}

=== Compound verbs ===
Compound verbs are created by combining root verbs each ending with aspect markers. While the variety of suffixes is high, all compound verbs utilise one of two:<ref name="Devi 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Devi |first1=M. Bidyarani |date=May 2014 |title=Compound Verbs in Manipuri |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/may2014/bidyaranimanipuricompoundverbsfinal.pdf |journal=Language in India |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=66–70}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Suffix !! English translation
|-
| -thok|| out/ come out
|-
| -ning|| To wish/ want/ desire
|}

Aspect markers appear as suffixes that clarify verb tense and appear at the end of the compound verb. Overall, the formula to construct a compound verb becomes [root verb] + [suffix] + [aspect marker]:<ref name="Devi 2014" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language !! Root verb !! Suffix !! Aspect marker !! Combined form
|-
| Meitei || tum || -thok || -le || tumthokle
|-
| English || sleep || out/ come out || perfect aspect || has started sleeping
|-
| Meitei || tum || -ning || -le || tumningle
|-
| English || sleep || want || perfect aspect || has felt sleepy
|}

Compound verbs can also be formed utilising both compound suffixes as well, allowing utterances such as ''pithokningle'' meaning "want to give out".

== Number words ==
{{Further|Meitei numerals}}
{| class=wikitable
|-
! Numeral !! Word !!Etymology!!Meitei Script
|-
|1||a-ma ~ a-maa||1 ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯃꯥ}}
|-
|2||a-ni||Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ni||{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯅꯤ}}
|-
|3||a-húm||PTB *sum||{{Script|Mtei|ꯑꯍꯨꯝ}}
|-
|4||ma-ri||PTB *li||{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯔꯤ}}
|-
|5||ma-ngaa||PTB *ŋa||{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯉꯥ}}
|-
|6||ta-ruk||PTB *luk||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯨꯛ}}
|-
|7||ta-ret||PTB *let ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯦꯠ}}
|-
|8||ni-paan||2-less||{{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ}}
|-
|9||maa-pan||1-less||{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯥꯄꯟ}}
|-
|10||ta-raa||10||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|11||taraa-maa-thoi||ten + 1-more||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯊꯣꯏ}}
|-
|12||taraa-ni-thoi||ten + 2-more||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ}}
|-
|13||taraa-húm-doi||ten + 3-more||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯏ}}
|-
|14||taraa-mari||ten +4||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯔꯤ}}
|-
|15||taraa-mangaa||ten +5||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ}}
|-
|16||taraa-taruk||ten +6||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯨꯛ}}
|-
|17||taraa-taret||ten +7||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯦꯠ}}
|-
|18||taraa-nipaan||ten +8||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ}}
|-
|19||taraa-maapan||ten +9||{{Script|Mtei|ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯄꯟ}}
|-
|20||kun ~ kul||score ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯨꯟ ~ ꯀꯨꯜ}}
|-
|30||*kun-taraa > kun-thraa||score ten|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯨꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ}}
|-
|40||ni-phú||two score||{{Script|Mtei|ꯅꯤꯐꯨ}}
|-
|50||yaang-khéi||half hundred||{{Script|Mtei|ꯌꯥꯡꯈꯩ}}
|-
|60||hum-phú||three score|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨ}}
|-
|70||hum-phú-taraa||three score ten||{{Script|Mtei|ꯍꯨꯝꯐꯨꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|80||mari-phú||four score|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨ}}
|-
|90||mari-phú-taraa||four score ten|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|100||chaama||one hundred|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯥꯃ}}
|-
|200||cha-ni||two hundreds|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯥꯅꯤ}}
|-
|300||cha-hum||three hundreds|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯥꯍꯨꯝ}}
|-
|400||cha-mri||four hundreds|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯥꯃ꯭ꯔꯤ}}
|-
|500||cha-mangaa||five hundreds|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯆꯥꯃꯉꯥ}}
|-
|1,000||lisíng ama||one thousand|| {{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ}}
|-
|10,000||lisīng-taraa||ten thousands ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|1,00,000||licha||one hundred-thousand||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯆꯥ}}
|-
|10,00,000||licha-taraa||ten hundred-thousands ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯆꯥꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|1,00,00,000||leepun||one ten-million ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟ}}
|-
|10,00,00,000||leepun-taraa||ten ten-millions ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯄꯨꯟꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|1,00,00,00,000||leepot||one billion ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠ}}
|-
|10,00,00,00,000||leepot-taraa||ten billions ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯄꯣꯠꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|1,00,00,00,00,000||leekei||one hundred-billion ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯀꯩ}}
|-
|10,00,00,00,00,000||leekei-taraa||ten hundred-billions ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯤꯀꯩꯇꯔꯥ}}
|-
|1,00,00,00,00,00,000||pu-ama||one ten-trillion ||{{Script|Mtei|ꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ}}
|}

== Literature ==
{{Main|Ancient Meitei literature|Meitei literature}}
[[File:The classical Meitei epic of the "Numit Kappa", written in ancient Meitei language (in archaic Meitei script).jpg|thumb|The [[Numit Kappa]], a Classical Meitei 1st century epic based on Meitei mythology and religion.]]
The ''[[Khamba Thoibi Sheireng]]'', a poem of 39,000 verses composed by Hijam Anganghal Singh and first published in 1940 ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|[[ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ]]}}|Poem on [[Khamba Thoibi]]}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA29 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1992 |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |page=29 |language=en}}</ref> is regarded as the [[national epic]] of the [[Manipuris]].<ref name="George 1992 258">{{Cite book |last=George |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA258 |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems |date=1992 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |isbn=978-81-7201-324-0 |location=India |page=258 |language=en |quote=H. Anganghal Singh's Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (Poem on Khamba Thoibi, 1940) is a national epic of the Manipuris based on the story of Khamba and Thoibi of Moirang. The poet composes the whole epic in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads sung by minstrels or bards popular in Manipur.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1186 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |page=1186 |language=en}}</ref> It is a classical Meitei language [[epic poem]] based on the ancient romantic adventure tale of [[Khamba and Thoibi]] of [[Moirang]]. It is regarded as the greatest of all Meitei epic poems.<ref name="Datta 1988 1573">{{Cite book |last=Datta |first=Amaresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA1573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=1988 |isbn=978-81-260-1194-0 |location=India |page=1573 |language=en |quote=His best work, Khamba Thoibi sheireng, in 39,000 lines on the story of 'Khamba and Thoibi' was started in 1939 and the composition was completed in 1940.}}</ref><ref name=":Sisir">{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Sheireng&pg=PA190 |title=A History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-81-7201-798-9 |page=190 |language=en |quote=His epic Singel Indu was published in 1938 which was followed by his magnum opus Khamba Thoibi Sheireng (1940), a poem of 39000 lines, considered to be the 'national' epic of the Manipuris, written in the Pena Saisak style of folk ballads.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sing |first=Damodar |title=The Epic of Manipur: Khamba Thoibi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gL_8DwAAQBAJ&dq=Khamba+Thoibi+Seireng&pg=PA1582 |magazine=Akashvani |volume=XL |issue=35 |date=31 August 1975 |publisher=All India Radio (AIR) |location=New Delhi |page=1582 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Meitei classical language movement]] seeks to gain recognition for Meitei as one of the [[Classical Languages of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government must take concrete step for recognition of Manipuri as classical language |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/government-must-take-concrete-step-for-recognition-of-manipuri-as-classical-language |website=Imphal Free Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=IANS |date=20 August 2016 |title=Classic language status for Manipuri demanded |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/classic-language-status-for-manipuri-demanded-116082000690_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=Manipur Govt Begins Efforts for Inclusion of Manipuri Among 'Classical' Languages |url=http://www.indiatodayne.in/breaking-news/story/manipur-govt-begins-efforts-inclusion-manipuri-among-classical-languages-397876-2019-08-21 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref>

== Annual events ==
Various annual events are organised to promote, protect and develop Meitei language, in the sovereign states of India and Bangladesh in particular as well as in other parts of the world in general.
* [[Manipuri language day]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ}}|Manipuri Lon-gi Numit}}) is observed annually on 20 August, commemorating the day in 1992 when Manipuri was made one of the [[official languages of India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Coleman |first1=Daniel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8cTROu4LcC&dq=meitei+language+day&pg=PA131 |title=Countering Displacements: The Creativity and Resilience of Indigenous and Refugee-ed Peoples |last2=Glanville |first2=Erin Goheen |last3=Hasan |first3=Wafaa |last4=Kramer-Hamstra |first4=Agnes |date=26 April 2012 |publisher=University of Alberta |isbn=978-0-88864-592-0 |page=131 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Manipuri poetry day]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ}}|Manipuri Sheirenggi Numit}}), is an annual literary event that promotes Meitei language poetry and the traditions of [[Meitei literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Joseph University, Nagaland observes Manipuri Poetry Day 2022 |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/poetry/st-joseph-university-nagaland-observes-manipuri-poetry-day-2022 |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=[[Imphal Free Press]] |date=14 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri Poetry Day 2021 celebrated: 22nd oct21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=14..221021.oct21 |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> Events are held in [[Manipur]] and in and by Meitei-speakers in [[Northeast India]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ajit |first=Sh |title=Manipuri in Kolkata observes "Manipuri Poetry Day" |url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/15818-manipuri-in-kolkata-observes-manipuri-poetry-day |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=Imphal Times |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Manipuri Poetry Day 2021 celebrated |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2021/10/21/IMPHAL-Oct-21Department-of-English-St-Joseph-University-Nagaland-in-collaboration-with-Fiction.html |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=The Sangai Express |date=21 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Manipuri Language Festival]] ({{langx|mni|{{Script|Mtei|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯃꯩ}}|Manipuri Lon-gi Kummei}}) is an annual cultural event that aims to protect and develop of the Meitei language, script and [[Meitei culture|culture]] in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Jibon |date=14 May 2022 |script-title=bn:কমলগঞ্জে মণিপুরি ভাষা ও সংস্কৃতি উৎসব |url=https://dailyjalalabad.com/2022/05/186017/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |work=Daily Jalalabad |language=bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311211732/https://dailyjalalabad.com/2022/05/186017/ |archive-date=2023-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:কমলগঞ্জে মনিপুরী ভাষা উৎসব উদযাপিত |url=https://www.bangla-times.com/2023/03/10/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=bangla-times.com |date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311203440/https://bangla-times.com/2023/03/10/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%89%E0%A7%8E/ |archive-date=2023-03-11 |language=bn}}</ref>

== Software ==
{{Further|Meitei input methods}}
In 2021, Rudali Huidrom, a Manipuri researcher of the EBMT/NLP laboratory, [[Waseda University]], Japan, created a [[text corpus]] named "EM Corpus" (shortened form of "Emalon Manipuri Corpus"). It is the first comparable [[text corpus|text to text corpus]] built for Meitei language (mni) and English language (eng) pair from sentences. The writing system used for Meitei language in this corpus is [[Bengali script]]. It was crawled and collected from ''thesangaiexpress.com'' – the news website of "[[The Sangai Express]]", a daily newspaper of [[Manipur]] from August 2020 to 2021. In version 1, she created the monolingual data, having 1,034,715 Meitei language sentences and 846,796 English language sentences. In version 2, she created the monolingual data, having 1,880,035 Meitei language sentences and 1,450,053 English language sentences.<ref name="RudaliHuidrom">{{Cite web |title=Machine translation of English-Manipuri made possible: 13th oct21 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=35..131021.oct21 |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name="catalog.elra.info">{{Cite web |title=Ema-lon Manipuri Corpus (including word embedding and language model) – ELRA Catalogue |url=http://catalog.elra.info/en-us/repository/browse/ELRA-W0316/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=catalog.elra.info}}</ref>

EM-ALBERT is the first ALBERT model available for Meitei language. EM-FT is also [[FastText]] word embedding available for Meitei language. These resources were created by Rudali Huidrom and are now available at free of cost at the European Language Resources Association catalogue (ELRA catalogue) under CC-BY-NC-4.0 licence.<ref name="RudaliHuidrom" /><ref name="catalog.elra.info" />

[[File:Google Translate - English to Meiteilon (Manipuri) - "What is your name?" - Screenshot.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A screen shot of [[Google Translate]] translating a sentence from English language into Meitei language]]

On 11 May 2022, [[Google Translate]] added Meitei-language (under the name '''''"Meiteilon (Manipuri)"''''') during its addition of 24 new languages to the translation tool. The writing system used for Meitei language in this tool is [[Meitei script]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=Assamese, Meiteilon (Manipuri) and Mizo language has been added to Google translate, moment of pride for Northeastern India! – NE India Broadcast |url=https://neindiabroadcast.com/2022/05/12/assamese-meiteilon-manipuri-and-mizo-language-has-been-added-to-google-translate-moment-of-pride-for-northeastern-india/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2022 |title=Google Translate adds support for Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri languages – Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/google-translate-adds-support-for-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri-languages/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=easternmirrornagaland.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2022 |title=Google Translate gets support for 24 new languages including Assamese, Mizo and Manipuri |url=https://www.time8.in/google-translate-gets-support-for-24-new-languages-including-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri/ |access-date=11 August 2022 |work=Time8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512140916/https://www.time8.in/google-translate-gets-support-for-24-new-languages-including-assamese-mizo-and-manipuri/ |archive-date=2022-05-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Sample text ==
The following is a sample text in Modern Meitei of the Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] (by the United Nations):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manipuri language and alphabets |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm |access-date=12 August 2022 |website=omniglot.com}}</ref>{{efn|The Meitei-language translation of the passage of the Article 1 has two foreign words present, "ꯏꯖꯖꯠ" ("iːdʒət") and "ꯍꯛ" ("hə́k"), meaning "dignity" and "rights" respectively, as given in the source website. The original Meitei-language terms for "dignity" and "rights" are "ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ" ("í.kai kʰum.nə.bə") and "ꯐꯪꯐꯝ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ" ("pʰəŋ.pʰəm tʰok.pə") respectively.}}

{{blockquote|
{{lang|mni|{{script|Mtei|ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯖꯖꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯧꯖꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ, ꯑꯐ ꯐꯠꯇ ꯈꯪꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫}}}} (in [[Meitei script]])

{{lang|mni|মিওইবা খুদিংমক পোকপা মতমদা নিংতম্মী, অমদি ইজ্জৎ অমসুং হক মান্ননা লৌজৈ । মখোই পুম্নমক ৱাখল লৌশিং শেঙই, অফ ফত্তা খঙই, অদুনা অমনা অমগা লোইনবদা মচীন মনাওগুম্না লোইনগদবনি ।}} (in [[Bengali script]])

{{lang|mni|Mioiba khudingmak pokpa matamda ningtammi amadi ijjat amasung hak mānnana leijei, makhoi pumnamak wākhal loushing shengi, apha phatta khangi, aduna amana amaga loinabada machin manāogumna loinagadabani.}} ([[Roman transliteration]])

{{lang|mni|{{IPA|míːójbə kʰud̯íŋmək pókpə mət̯ə̀md̯ə níːŋt̯ə̀mmi, əməd̯i iːdʒət əməʃùng hə́k màːnənə lɐ̀jdʒɐ̀j. məkʰój púmnəmək wakʰə̀l lə̀wʃiŋ ʃèŋi, əpʱə̀ pʱə́ːt̯ə kʰə́ŋi, əd̯unə əmənə əməgə lòjnəbəd̯ə mət͡ʃìn mənáwgùmnə lójnəgəd̯əbəni'}}}} ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] transliteration).

{{langx|en|All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.}} }}

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Asia|Bangladesh|India|Languages|Linguistics|Myanmar}}
* [[Meitei language in India]]
** [[Meitei language in Assam]]
** [[Meitei language in Tripura]]
* [[Meitei language in Bangladesh]]
* [[Meitei language in Myanmar]]
* [[Languages of India]]
* [[List of languages by number of native speakers in India]]
* [[List of Indian poets#Manipuri|List of Meitei poets]]
* [[Meitei inscriptions]]
* [[Meitei literature]]
* [[Meitei Language Day]]
* [[List of epics in Meitei language]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Meitei]]
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Meitei]]
* [[List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Meitei]]
* [[List of Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for Meitei]]
* [[Vikaspedia]]

== Footnotes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* 1. ''A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-I'', by Chingtamlen, 2005
* 2. ''A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-II'', by Chingtamlen, 2007
* 3. ''A Short History of Kangleipak (Manipur) Part-III'', by Chingtamlen, 2008
* 4. ''The Meetei and the Bishnupriya'', by Chingtamlen, 2008

=== Culture ===
* Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi. (1998). ''Politics, society, and cosmology in India's North East''. Delphi: [[Oxford University Press]].
* Budha, W. (1992). ''Indigenous games of the Meiteis''. Manipur: Wangkeimayum Publications.
* Kshetrimayum, Otojit. (2014). ''Ritual, Politics and Power in North East India: Contexualising the Lai Haraoba of Manipur''. Delhi: Ruby Press & Co.
* Singh, M. Kirti. (1988). ''Religion and culture of Manipur''. Delhi: Manas Publications.
* Singh, M. Kirti. (1993). ''Folk culture of Manipur''. Delhi: Manas Publications.
* Singh, Saikhom Gopal. (2014). ''The Meeteis of Manipur: A Study in Human Geography''. Delhi: Ruby Press & Co.

=== Language ===
* Bhat, D. N. S.; & Ningomba, S. (1997). ''Manipuri grammar''. Munich: Lincom Europa.
* [[Shobhana Chelliah|Chelliah, Shobhana L.]] (1990). Experiencer subjects in Manipuri. In V. M. Manindra & K. P. Mohanan (Eds.), ''Experiencer subjects in South Asian languages'' (pp. 195–211). Stanford: The Center for the Study of Language and Information.
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1992). Tone in Manipuri. In K. L. Adams & T. J. Hudak (Eds.), ''Papers from the first annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1991'' (pp. 65–85). Tempe, AZ: [[Arizona State University]].
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1992). Bracketing paradoxes in Manipuri. In M. Aronoff (Ed.), ''Morphology now'' (pp. 33–47). Albany: [[State University of New York Press]].
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1994). Morphological change and fast speech phenomena in the Manipuri verb. In K. L. Adams & T. J. Hudak (Eds.), ''Papers from the second annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1992'' (pp. 121–134). Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University.
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1997). ''A grammar of Meitei''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. {{ISBN|0-19-564331-3}}.
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). Early Meitei manuscripts. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), ''Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000'' (pp. 59–71). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
* Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). A glossary of 39 basic words in archaic and modern Meitei. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), ''Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000'' (pp. 189–190). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
* {{cite journal |last1=Chelliah |first1=Shobhana L. |date=January 2004 |title=Polysemy through metonymy: The case of Meitei ''pi'' 'grandmother' |journal=Studies in Language |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=363–386 |doi=10.1075/sl.28.2.04che}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Chelliah |first1=Shobhana L. |s2cid=130962163 |year=2015 |title=Is Manipur a linguistic area? |journal=Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=87–109 |doi=10.1515/jsall-2015-0004}}
* Singh, Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra. (1964). ''Manipuri to Manipuri & English dictionary''.

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wiktionary|Meitei}}
{{Wikibooks}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Scholia|topic}}
{{InterWiki|code=mni|Meitei}}
{{Incubator|mni|Wikiquote}}
{{Incubator|mni|Wikivoyage}}
* {{Cite web |title=Meetei Mayek |url=http://tabish.freeshell.org/eeyek/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=tabish.freeshell.org}}
** {{Cite web |title=Manipuri/Meiteilon/Meithei |url=http://tabish.freeshell.org/eeyek/mani_intro.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=tabish.freeshell.org}}
* {{Cite web |title=Manipuri language and alphabets |url=https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=omniglot.com}}
* {{Cite web |title=Learn to speak Manipuri |url=http://tabish.freeshell.org/manipuri/ |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=tabish.freeshell.org}}
* {{Cite web |title=Learn Manipuri |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Learn_Manipuri.html |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=www.e-pao.net}}
* {{Cite web |title=Meetei Mayek keys |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.meetei_mayek_keys.html.. |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=www.e-pao.net}}
* {{Cite web |title=Meetei Mayek Poems |url=http://www.e-pao.net/epPageExtractor.asp?src=MeiteiMayek.meetei_mayek_Poems.html../ |access-date=21 August 2022 |website=www.e-pao.net}}

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}
{{Languages of India}}
{{Languages of Bangladesh}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meitei Language}}
[[Category:Meitei language| ]]
[[Category:Official languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Tripura]]
[[Category:Languages of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Languages of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Languages written in Latin script]]
[[Category:Languages written in Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Lingua francas]]
[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Meitei literature]]
[[Category:Standard languages]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Tonal languages]]
[[Category:Unclassified Sino-Tibetan languages]]

VSI International School

2026-02-21T09:46:31Z

DelorisQha: made new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = VSI International Sr Sec School
| logo = Vsi-international-logo (1).jpg
| image =
| alt = VSI International School
| location = SP-6(A/1), EPIP Sitapura Industrial Area, It park road Tonk Road, Jaipur (Raj.) 302022
| address =
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| postal_code = 302022
| country = [[India]]
| schooltype = [[Affiliated school]]
| type = [[Co-education]]
| established = 
| opened = 1979
| status = Open
| district = [[Jaipur]]
| authority = Vidya Sagar Career Institute Limited
| session = [[Day school|Day school board]]
| director = C.A. R.C. Sharma
| principal = Ms. Sangeeta shrivastava
| language = [[English Language|English]]
| classrooms = 46
| sports = Badminton, Volleyball, Indoor games, Martial arts, Yoga, Kho-Kho
| website = http://vsiinternational.in/
| school_board = [[Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan]]
| classes_offered = play group to class XII
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
}}
'''VSI International Senior Secondary school''' is a coeducational school affiliated with the Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/VSI+International+English+Medium+School+near+Pratap+Nagar+Sanganer/@26.799725,75.807289,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x793cb1b5fb2b8c8f!8m2!3d26.799725!4d75.807289|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps|access-date=2017-06-13}}</ref> The English medium school is located in [[Pratap Nagar, Jaipur|Pratap Nagar]], [[Sanganer]] [[Jaipur]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. It was founded in 1979, and currently headed by Ms. Sangeeta Shrivastava and directed by [[Chartered accountant|Chartered Accountant]] R.C. Sharma. The school is managed by Blue Bells Shiksha Samiti.

== Academics ==
The school provides education from pre-primary to class XII. They also have [[Pre-school playgroup|playgroup]] classes. Their academic classes are grouped into four categories:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://schoolreportcards.in/SRC-New/SchoolDirectory/Directory.aspx/|title=::Welcome to School Report Cards|website=schoolreportcards.in|access-date=2017-06-13}}</ref>

===Play Group===
Playgroup classes are generally for 2 to 3-year-old children. [[Pre-school playgroup]] is for providing essential smooth transaction from home to school.

===Pre-primary (Nursery, K.G. & Prep)===
Classes for 3 to 5-year-old children. Various activities like storytelling, group games, toy games, reading, writing are conducted.

===Junior Wing (Classes I to VII)===
The junior wing or [[elementary school]] generally involves students from age group between 5 and 13, starting their academic careers.

===Senior Wing (Classes IX to XII)===
Students from ages 14 to 18 in the senior wing study the following subjects:
* Classes IX-X
** Language: Hindi, English, Sanskrit
** Science: Chemistry, Biology, Physics
** Math
** Social Science: Economics, History, Geography, Civics
* Classes XI-XII
** Language: Hindi, English
** Science, Math
** Commerce
** Arts

==External sources==
* [http://rajeduboard.rajasthan.gov.in/ Board of Secondary Education, Rajasthan]
* [http://mhrd.gov.in/school-education/ Department of School Education & Literacy]
* [http://schoolreportcards.in/SRC-New/SchoolDirectory/Directory.aspx/ School Report Cards]
* [http://vsiinternational.in/ best cbse school in jaipur]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Schools In Jaipur}}

{{Coord|26.9660|75.7794|region:IN_type:edu|display=title}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1979]]
[[Category:Schools in Jaipur]]
[[Category:1979 establishments in Rajasthan]]

Manipur Peoples Party

2026-01-28T16:07:52Z

DelorisQha:

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
|party_name = Manipur People's Party
|logo =
|colorcode = {{party color|Manipur Peoples Party}}
|leader = S.Brojen Singh
|chairperson = S.Brojen Singh
|secretary = Dr.K.Muktasana,Lc Deben,N.Mangol Singh,Kh.Sharatchandra and Th.Sharjukumar
|ppchairman =
|loksabha_leader =
|rajyasabha_leader =
|foundation = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|p=y|1968|12|26}}
|founder =
|predecessor =
|dissolution =
|headquarters = People’s Road, Imphal- 795001, [[Manipur]]
|publication =
|students =
|youth =
|women =
|labour =
|peasants =
|ideology = [[Regionalism (politics)|Regionalism]]
| position = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]
|international =
|colours =
| eci = Registered Unrecognised
|loksabha_seats = 0
|rajyasabha_seats = 0
|state_seats = {{Composition bar|0|60|hex=#99CC99}}
|symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|150px]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9769-allotment-of-reserved-symbol-to-manipur-peoples-party-under-para-10a-general-election-to-lok-sabha-2019-manipur-dt-29032019/ |title=Allotment of Reserved Symbol to Manipur Peoples Party under Para 10A -General Election to Lok Sabha, 2019 Manipur, dt 29.03.2019 - Lok Sabha & Assembly Elections |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=29 March 2019 |access-date= 20 January 2022}}</ref>
|website =
|flag =
|abbreviation=MPP|split=[[Indian National Congress]]}}

The '''Manipur Peoples Party''' ('''MPP''') is a political party in the Indian state of [[Manipur]]. MPP was founded on 26 December 1968 by a group of dissidents from the [[Indian National Congress]]. In the [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2007 Legislative Assembly election]], the party won 5 seats in the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]. [http://www.rulers.org/2007-02.html]

Currently, it is a part of the [[North-East Regional Political Front]], which supports the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-led [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]].

== List of chief ministers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! No{{efn|A number inside brackets indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.}}
! Name
! Constituency
!colspan=2| Term of office
!Days in office
|-
| 3
| rowspan=2|[[Mohammed Alimuddin]]
| rowspan=2|[[Lilong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lilong]]
| 23 March 1972
| 27 March 1973
|{{ayd| 1972|03|23|1973|03|27}}
|-
| (3)
| 4 March 1974
| 9 July 1974
|{{ayd| 1974|3|4|1974|7|9}}
|-
| 8
| [[Raj Kumar Ranbir Singh]]
| [[Keishamthong (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Keishamthong]]
| 23 February 1990
| 6 January 1992
|{{ayd| 1990|2|23|1992|1|6}}
|-
|}

== See also ==

*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]
*[[O. Joy Singh]]
* [[List of political parties in India]]

== Note ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{National Democratic Alliance|state=collapsed}}
{{Indian political parties}}

[[Category:1968 establishments in Manipur]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1968]]
[[Category:Political parties in Manipur]]
[[Category:Regionalist parties in India]]
{{India-party-stub}}

2022–23 NorthEast United FC season

2026-01-17T20:55:13Z

DelorisQha: made a post...

{{Short description|2022–23 season of NorthEast United FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox football club season
|club= [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|season= [[2022–23 in Indian football|2022–23]]
|image=
|ceotitle=
|ceo=
|mgrtitle = Head Coach
|manager= [[Marco Balbul]] (until 7 December 2022) [[Vincenzo Alberto Annese]] (from 8 December 2022, until 28 February 2023) [[Floyd Pinto]] (interim, from 1 March 2023)
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]], [[Guwahati]]
|league = [[Indian Super League]]
|league result = ''11th''
|cup1 = [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
|cup1 result = ''Semi-final''
|cup2 = [[Durand Cup]]
|cup2 result = [[2022 Durand Cup|Group stage]]
|league topscorer = [[Wilmar Jordán]] (8 goals)
|season topscorer = [[Wilmar Jordán]] (15 goals)
| largest win = {{nowrap|NorthEast United 6–3 [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]}}
|largest loss = {{nowrap|NorthEast United 0–6 [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]}}
|highest attendance = 8,627 vs [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] (13 October 2022)
|lowest attendance = 361 vs [[FC Goa|Goa]] (15 January 2023)
|average attendance = 2,971
| prevseason = [[2021–22 NorthEast United FC season|2021–22]]
| nextseason = [[2023–24 NorthEast United FC season|2023–24]]
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The '''2022–23 season''' is the club's ninth season in [[Indian Super League]] since its establishment in 2014. In addition to the league, they will also compete in the [[2022 Durand Cup]] and [[Super Cup (India)|AIFF Super Cup]].

== Season overview ==
{{Main|2022–23 Indian Super League}}

On 11 August, NorthEast United announced the signing of [[Marco Balbul]] as their manager for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=NorthEast United appoint Israel's Marco Balbul as head coach|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-northeast-united-appoint-head-coach-marco-balbul|website=khelnow.com|date=11 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

On 12 August, NorthEast United announced the signing of [[Paul Groves (footballer)|Paul Groves]] as their assistant manager for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Welcoming our new Assistant Coach, the experienced Paul Groves!|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1558060938724397057|website=@NEUtdFC|date=12 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref> The Highlanders also appoint [[Floyd Pinto]] as Indian assistant manager.<ref>{{cite news|title=NorthEast United appoint Floyd Pinto as Indian assistant coach|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-northeast-united-fc-appoint-floyd-pinto-indian-assistant-coach|website=khelnow.com|date=12 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

On 13 August, NorthEast United announced the appointment of Niall Clark as their strength and conditioning coach for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Delighted to welcome Niall Clark, as our new Strength & Conditioning Coach!|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1558423158125776897|website=@NEUtdFC|date=13 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

On 14 August, the Highlanders announced the contract extension of goalkeepers [[Mirshad Michu]] and Nikhil Deka for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Presenting you the 𝗚𝗞'𝘀 who will continue with us for the upcoming season!|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1558808156557348870|website=@NEUtdFC|date=14 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

On 15 August, NorthEast United announced the retention of defenders [[Gurjinder Kumar]], [[Mashoor Shereef]], [[Joe Zoherliana]] and [[Provat Lakra]] for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=𝗗𝗲𝗳𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 who will continue with us for the upcoming season! |url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1559148037775425537|website=@NEUtdFC|date=15 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>

On 16 August, NorthEast United announced the retention of midfielders [[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]], [[Pragyan Medhi]], [[Mohammed Irshad]], Emanuel Lalchhanchhuaha, [[Pragyan Gogoi]] and forwards [[Rochharzela]], [[Laldanmawia Ralte]], [[Gani Nigam]] for the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite news|title=𝗠𝗶𝗱𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 who will continue with us for the upcoming season! |url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1559510439750701056|website=@NEUtdFC|date=16 August 2022|access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 who will continue with us for the 2022-23 season 😎|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1559525476162760704|website=@NEUtdFC|date=16 August 2022|access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>

On 17 August, NorthEast United lost 0–6 against [[Odisha FC]] in their first match of [[2022 Durand Cup]].

On 18 August, NorthEast United announced the signing of [[Jithin MS]] for the upcoming season.<ref name="twitter.com">{{cite news|title=From God's own country to the hills of NorthEast! A new midfield engine, welcome 𝗝𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗦|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1560235219655196672|website=@NEUtdFC|date=18 August 2022|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>

On 20 August, NorthEast United announced the signing of attacking midfielder [[Emil Benny]] for the upcoming season.<ref name="A 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒍-𝒐𝒖𝒔 addition to o">{{cite news|title=A 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒍-𝒐𝒖𝒔 addition to our midfield! 🤩 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐥 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐧𝐲 is ready to soar new heights in the Highlands ❤️🤍🖤|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1560990039793799168|website=@NEUtdFC|date=20 August 2022|access-date=22 August 2022}}</ref>

On 21 August, NorthEast United lost 1–3 against [[Army Green (football team)|Army Green]] in their second match of Durand Cup. [[Dipu Mirdha]] scored for the Highlanders in the last minute for a late consolation.

On 23 August, NorthEast United confirmed the signing of [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]] on its social media and various other platforms for the upcoming season.<ref name="𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒍">{{cite news|title=𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒎 🪄🎩 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗕𝗵𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝘆𝗮 is here! 🤩|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1562077207886852098|website=@NEUtdFC|date=23 August 2022|access-date=23 August 2022}}</ref>

On 27 August, NorthEast United lost 0–3 against [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] in their 3rd match of Durand Cup.

On 5 September, NorthEast United sign young forward [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi]] on a multiyear deal.<ref name="khelnow.com">{{cite news|title=NorthEast United sign young forward Parthib Sundar Gogoi|url=
https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-northeast-united-fc-sign-parthib-sundar-gogoi|website=Khelnow|date=5 September 2022|access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref> On this day Highlanders promoted [[Dipu Mirdha]] and [[Alfred Lalroutsang]] to the first team from [[NorthEast United FC B|reserve team]] due to their outstanding performance in [[2022 Durand Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Congratulations 𝐃𝐢𝐩𝐮 & 𝐀𝐥𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐝 on being promoted to the first-team! ❤️🤍🖤|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1566758225801728002|website=@NEUtdFC|date=5 September 2022|access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>

On 6 September, NorthEast United announced the signing of Spanish midfielder [[Jon Gaztañaga]] from [[Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa|Cultural Leonesa]] for the upcoming season.<ref name="Adding some 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒉 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒄">{{cite news|title=Adding some 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒉 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒄𝒆 to our 𝒃𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒋𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒌𝒊𝒂 squad! 🌶 স্বাগতম, Bienvenidos, 𝐉𝐨𝐧! |url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1567147994805567492|website=@NEUtdFC|date=6 September 2022|access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>

== Players ==

=== Squad ===
{{Updated|19 January 2023}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/504-northeast-united-fc-profile/squad|title=Players|website=Indian Super League|language=en|access-date=2020-01-20|archive-date=14 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114093053/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/504-northeast-united-fc-profile/squad|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=1|pos=GK|name=Nikhil Deka}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Tondonba Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Provat Lakra]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Gurjinder Kumar]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|3rd captain]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Mashoor Shereef]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Rochharzela]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=COL|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Wilmar Jordán]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=FRA|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Romain Philippoteaux]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Gaurav Bora]]|other=[[captain (association football)|4th captain]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Joe Zoherliana]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Emil Benny]]|other=}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=16|pos=DF|name=[[Mohammed Irshad]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Laldanmawia Ralte]]}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Jithin MS]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=19|pos=FW|name=[[Dipu Mirdha]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=20|pos=DF|name=[[Hira Mondal]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=22|pos=FW|name=[[Gani Nigam]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=23|pos=GK|name=Khoirom Singh}}
{{Fs player|nat=AUS|no=24|pos=DF|name=[[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Aaron Evans]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=COD|no=25|pos=FW|name=[[Kule Mbombo]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=26|pos=MF|name=[[Sehnaj Singh]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=28|pos=MF|name=Emanuel Lalchhanchhuaha|other=}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=29|pos=GK|name=[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]|other=[[Vice-captain (association football)|vice-captain]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=30|pos=FW|name=[[Alfred Lalroutsang]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=32|pos=GK|name=[[Mirshad Michu]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=TJK|no=33|pos=DF|name=Alisher Kholmurodov}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=43|pos=MF|name=[[Pragyan Gogoi]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=IND|no=45|pos=DF|name=[[Alex Saji]]|other=on loan from [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]}}
{{Fs player|nat=ESP|no=90|pos=MF|name=[[Joseba Beitia]]}}
{{Fs end}}

==Transfers==

=== In ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; "
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:120px;"| Position
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:150px;"| Player
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:200px;"| Transferred From
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:120px;"| Fee
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:100px;"| Date
! style="background:#DD0000; color:#FFFFFF; width:25px;" | Ref.
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} Jirjar Terang
|{{flagicon|IND}} Calangute
| {{nowrap|Free transfer, will join [[NorthEast United FC Reserves and Academy|NorthEast United B]]}}
| 17 August 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jithin MS]]
| rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| Free transfer
| 18 August 2022
| <ref name="twitter.com"/>
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Emil Benny]]
| Free transfer
| 20 August 2022
| <ref name="A 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒍-𝒐𝒖𝒔 addition to o"/>
|-
|{{sort|–|GK}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
| Free transfer
| 23 August 2022
| <ref name="𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒍"/>
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Bora]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| Free transfer
| 25 August 2022
| <ref>{{cite news|title=NorthEast United complete signing of centre-back Gaurav Bora|url=
https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2021-22-odisha-fc-northeast-united-sign-centre-back-gaurav-bora|website=Khelnow|date=25 August 2022|access-date=27 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dipu Mirdha]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC B|NorthEast United B]]
| —
| 5 September 2022
| <ref name="in1">{{cite news|title=Congratulations 𝐃𝐢𝐩𝐮 & 𝐀𝐥𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐝 on being promoted to the first-team! ❤️🤍🖤|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1566758225801728002|website=@neutdfc|date=5 September 2022|access-date=5 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Alfred Lalroutsang]]
| —
| 5 September 2022
| <ref name="in1"/>
|-
|GK
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} Khoirom Singh
|–
|5 October 2022
|
|-
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Arrows]]
| Free transfer
| 5 September 2022
| <ref name="khelnow.com"/>
|-
|{{sort|-|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jon Gaztañaga]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa|Cultural Leonesa]]
| Free transfer
| 6 September 2022
| <ref name="Adding some 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒉 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒄"/>
|-
|{{sort|-|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Michael Jakobsen]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adelaide United FC|Adelaide United]]
| Free transfer
| 8 September 2022
| <ref>{{cite news|title=A 𝗩𝗶𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 from Denmark, is here to raise the shield wall 🛡️🧱 Highlanders, let's welcome, 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗝𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗯𝘀𝗲𝗻! 🔥|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1567845216253792260}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Matt Derbyshire]]
|{{flagicon|CYP}} [[AEK Larnaca FC|AEK Larnaca]]
| Free transfer
| 11 September 2022
| <ref>{{cite web|title=ISL: Former Premier League striker Matt Derbyshire and French midfielder Romain Philippoteaux sign for Northeast United FC|url=https://technosports.co.in/2022/09/02/former-premier-league-striker-matt/|website=technosports.co.in|date=2 September 2022|access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|-|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Aaron Evans]]
|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Persis Solo]]
| Free transfer
| 20 September 2022
| <ref name="in2">{{cite news|title=Aaron Evans and Sylvester Emeka are the 5th & 6th foreigners of NorthEast United|url=https://twitter.com/MarcusMergulhao/status/1572281672988758016|website=@twitter-Marcus Mergulhao|date=20 September 2022|access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Sylvester Igboun]]
|{{flagicon|RUS}} [[FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod|Pari Nizhny Novgorod]]
| Free transfer
| 20 September 2022
| <ref name="in2"/>
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupert Nongrum]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
| Free transfer
| 22 October 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|COL}} [[Wilmar Jordán]]
|{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Portuguesa F.C.|Portuguesa]]
| Free transfer
| 21 November 2022
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/northeast-united-fc-sign-colombian-striker-wilmar-jordan|title=NorthEast United FC sign Colombian striker Wilmar Jordan|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|date=21 November 2022|accessdate=19 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hira Mondal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| Free transfer
| 1 January 2023
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|COD}} [[Kule Mbombo]]
|{{flagicon|LTU}} [[FK Sūduva]]
| Free transfer
| 11 January 2023
| <ref>{{cite tweet|number=1613196536690737155|title=The latest addition to our 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙞𝙠𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙘𝙚 🤩 African powerhouse, 𝙍𝙞𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝙆𝙪𝙡𝙚 𝙈𝙗𝙤𝙢𝙗𝙤, is now a Highlander ❤️🤍🖤 #WelcomeKule #NEUFC #StrongerAsOne #8States1United|user=NEUtdFC|author-link=NorthEast United FC|date=11 January 2023|accessdate=19 January 2023}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Joseba Beitia]]
|[[Rajasthan United FC|Rajasthan United]]
| Free transfer
| 25 January 2023
|
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|TJK}} [[Alisher Kholmurodov]]
|[[FK Fayzkand]]
| Free transfer
| 24 March 2023
|
|}

===Loans in===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Loaned From'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Date'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''On loan until'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Source'''
|-
|align=center|{{sort|3|DF}}
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alex Saji]]
|[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|Undisclosed
|{{dts|4 January 2023}}
|End of Season
|<ref>{{cite tweet|title=Defender Alex Saji joins @IndSuperLeague side @NEUtdFC on loan till the end of the season.|number=1610631196635197445|accessdate=5 January 2023|user=HydFCOfficial|date=4 January 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Out ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:60%"
|-
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Pos.
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Player
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Transferred to
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;" | Fee
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;"| Date
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white; text-align:center;"|
Source
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Hernán Santana]]
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sichuan Jiuniu F.C.|Sichuan Jiuniu]]
| Free transfer
| 10 March 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Marcelinho (footballer, born June 1987)|Marcelinho]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United]]
| Loan return
| 24 March 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Marco Sahanek]]
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[SV Stripfing]]
| Free transfer
| 1 July 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalkhawpuimawia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers FC|Churchill Brothers]]
| Free transfer
| 8 July 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|JAM}} [[Deshorn Brown]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Sacramento Republic FC|Sacramento Republic]]
| Free transfer
| 22 July 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Zakaria Diallo]]
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[AC Le Havre]]
| Free transfer
| 26 July 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[William Lalnunfela]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajasthan United]]
| Free transfer
| 1 June 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[V.P. Suhair]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal]]
| Undisclosed{{efn|Reported as ₹75 Lakhs}}
| 3 August 2022
| <ref>{{cite news|title=VP Suhair joins East Bengal for undisclosed fee|url=
https://khelnow.com/football/east-bengal-have-completed-the-signing-of-vp-suhair|website=Khelnow|date=3 August 2022|access-date=15 August 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|GK}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
| Free Transfer
| 1 June 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|GK}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjiban Ghosh]]
|Free agent
|Released
| 14 August 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nabin Rabha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|Free transfer
|15 July 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|URU}} [[Federico Gallego]]
|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Sud América]]
|Free transfer
|3 September 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Patrick Flottmann]]
| rowspan="5" |Free agent
|Released
|15 August 2022
|
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|NGR}} [[Sylvester Igboun]]
|Contract termination
|23 October 2022
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/2022-10-indian-football-isl-2022-23-northeast-united-sylvester-igboun-leaves-club|title=Breaking: Nigerian forward Sylvester Igboun leaves NorthEast United|website=khelnow.com|date=23 October 2022|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|–|FW}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Matt Derbyshire]]
| rowspan="3" |Released
| rowspan="2" | Unknown
|
|-
|{{sort|–|DF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Michael Jakobsen]]
|
|-
|{{sort|–|MF}}
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jon Gaztañaga]]
| 15 January 2023
|
|-
|MF
!scope="row"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rupert Nongrum]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Real Kashmir]]
|Free Transfer
|11 January 2023
|
|}
{{notelist}}

===Loans out===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;text-align:center;" |'''Position'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Player'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Loaned to'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Fee'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Date'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''On loan until'''
! style="background:#FF0000; color:white;" |'''Source'''
|-
|align=center|{{sort|3|DF}}
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jestin George]]
|[[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]]
|None
|{{dts|5 September 2022}}
|End of Season
|
|-
|align=center|{{sort|3|FW}}
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manvir Singh (footballer, born 2001)|Manvir Singh]]
|[[FC Bengaluru United|Bengaluru United]]
|None
|{{dts|1 June 2022}}
|End of Season
|
|}

==Pre-season and friendlies==
{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|9|14|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|score = 0-0
|report =
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 =
|team2 = Mawlai SC
|goals2 =
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|referee =
|result = D
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|9|20|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|score = 6-0
|report = https://www.instagram.com/p/Ciu7wRDjPbi/
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 = * [[Matt Derbyshire|Derbyshire]] {{goal}}
* [[Dipu Mirdha|Mirdha]]
{{goal}} {{goal}}
* [[Emil Benny|Benny]] {{goal}}
* [[Rochharzela|Chhara]] {{goal}}
* [[Gani Nigam|Nigam]] {{goal}}
|team2 = [[Rangdajied United FC|Rangdajied United]]
|goals2 =
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|referee =
|result = W
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|9|28|df=y}}
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = Friendly
|score = 4-3
|report = https://www.instagram.com/p/CjDOFKnPfHe/?igshid=NDRkN2NkYzU=
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 = * [[Romain Philippoteaux|Romain]] {{goal}}
* [[Gaurav Bora|Bora]] {{goal}}
* [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Evans]] {{goal}}
* [[Pragyan Gogoi|Pragyan]] {{goal}}
|team2 = [[TRAU FC]]
|goals2 =
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|referee =
|result = W
}}

{{Football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|1|df=y}}
|time = 15:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = Friendly
|score = 2-0
|report = https://www.instagram.com/p/CjK47TKPjkZ/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 = * [[Jithin MS|Jithin]] {{goal|13}}
* [[Gani Nigam|Nigam]] {{goal|89}}
|team2 = [[NEROCA FC]]
|goals2 =
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|referee =
|result = W
}}

==Competitions==

=== Overall record ===
{{Fb overview2
|c=0
|c1=[[2022 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]
|fm1={{end date|2022|8|17|df=y}}
|lm1={{end date|2022|9|2|df=y}}
|sr1=Matchday 2
|fp1=Group stage
|w1=1
|l1=3
|d1=0
|f1=3
|a1=12
|c2=[[2021–22 Indian Super League|Super League]]
|fm2={{end date|2022|10|8|df=y}}
|lm2={{end date|2023|2|24|df=y}}
|sr2= [[#2|Matchday 2]]
|fp2=11th
|w2=1
|l2=17
|d2=2
|f2=20
|a2=55
|c3=[[2023 Indian Super Cup|Super Cup]]
|fm3={{end date|2023|4|11|df=y}}
|lm3={{end date|2023|4|22|df=y}}
|sr3=Matchday 1
|fp3=Semi-final
|w3=2
|l3=2
|d3=0
|f3=11
|a3=11
|u={{Start date|2023|4|22|df=y}}.
|s= [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/northeast-united/31411/ Soccerway]
}}

=== Indian Super League ===
{{Main|2022–23 Indian Super League}}
This season of the Indian Super League will be played across the country in home and away formats after two seasons of hosting it in [[Goa]] due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2022 |first=Marcus |last=Mergulhao |title=No change in ISL format for next season, Super Cup set to return |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-change-in-isl-format-for-next-season-super-cup-set-to-return/articleshow/89932146.cms |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==== League table ====
{{:2022–23 Indian Super League|showteam=NEU}}

==== League Results by round ====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b

|header = Match
|label1 = Ground
| res1 = A/H/H/A/H/A/H/A/H/A/H/A/H/H/A/A/H/A/H/A
|label2= Result
| res2= L/L/L/L/L/L/L/L/L/L/W/L/L/D/////
|label3= League Position
| res3= 10/10/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11/11////

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss

|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd

|updated= 25 December 2022
|source=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/standings Indian Super League]
|date=August 2022
}}

===== Matches =====
The fixtures for the [[2022–23 Indian Super League|2022–23 season]] of ISL were announced on 1 September. NorthEast United were set to face [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] on 8 October.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/hero-isl-2022-23-season-starts-on-october-7th-in-kochi|title=Hero ISL 2022-23 Season starts on October 7th in Kochi|publisher=ISL|date=1 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.in/football/indian-super-league/story/4735400/isl-2022-23-new-format-fixtures-schedule-fans-back-in-stadiums-indian-football-news|title=ISL 2022-23: New playoff format, no break for World Cup(s) – 7 takeaways from the ISL fixtures|publisher=ESPN|date=1 September 2022}}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
|id = 1
|round = 1
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|8|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 = [[Alan Costa|Alan]] {{goal|87}}
|score = 1–0
|report = https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/12732
|team2 = NorthEast United
|goals2 = * [[Gaurav Bora|Bora]] {{yel|60}}
* [[Gani Nigam|Gani]] {{yel|81}}
* [[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran]] {{yel|86}}

|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bengaluru]]
|attendance =
|referee = Rahul Kumar Gupta
|motm = [[Alan Costa]] (Bengaluru)
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|id = 1
|round = 2
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|13|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 =
|score = 0–3
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2022/10/13/india/indian-super-league/northeast-united/hyderabad/3949677/
|team2 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|goals2 = * [[Bartholomew Ogbeche|Ogbeche]] {{Goal|13}}
* [[Holicharan Narzary|Narzary]] {{Goal|69}}
* [[Borja Herrera|Borja]] {{Goal|73}}
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance = 8,627
|referee = Mondal P.
|motm =
|result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
|id=NEUFCvEAB
|date=20 October 2022
|round=3
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=NorthEast United
|score=1–3
|report= https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49474-northeast-united-fc-vs-east-bengal-fc
|team2=[[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]]
|goals1=* [[Matt Derbyshire|Derbyshire]] {{goal|90+2}}
|goals2=* [[Cleiton Silva|Silva]] {{goal|11}}
* [[Charalambos Kyriakou (footballer, born 1989)|Kyriakou]] {{goal|52}}
* [[Thongkhosiem Haokip|Haokip]] {{yel|68}}
* [[Jordan O'Doherty|O'Doherty]] {{goal|84}}
|location=[[Guwahati]]
|stadium=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|referee=Ashwin
|motm=[[Charalambos Kyriakou (footballer, born 1989)|Charalambos Kyriakou]] (East Bengal)
|attendance=7,315
|result= L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2022|10|30|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 4
|score = 1–0
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49483-jamshedpur-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc
|team1 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1 = * [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Hartley]] {{goal|30}}
|goals2 = * [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Gogoi]] {{yel|88}}
|team2 = NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur]]
|attendance = 22,389
|referee = I Jamal Mohamed
|motm = [[Peter Hartley (footballer)|Peter Hartley]] (Jamshedpur)
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2022|11|5|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=5
|score=0–3
|report= https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49487-northeast-united-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-fc
|team1=NorthEast United
|goals1=* [[Rochharzela]] {{yel|89}}
|team2=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals2=* [[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{yel|36}}
* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{goal|56}}
* [[Sahal Abdul Samad|Sahal]] {{goal|85||90+5}}
|stadium=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location=[[Guwahati]]
|attendance=4,867
|referee=Crystal John
|motm=[[Rahul KP]] (Kerala Blasters)
|result=L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = {{Start date|2022|11|10|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team2 = NorthEast United
|score = 2–1
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49489-atk-mohun-bagan-vs-northeast-united-fc
|team1 = [[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = * [[Liston Colaco|Liston]] {{goal|35}}
* [[Dimitri Petratos|Petratos]] {{yel|57}}
* [[Brendan Hamill (soccer)|Hamill]] {{yel|78}}
* [[Joni Kauko|Kauko]] {{yel|85}}
* [[Subhasish Bose|Subhasish]] {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = * [[Michael Jakobsen|Jakobsen]] {{yel|52}}
* [[Mashoor Shereef|Mashoor]] {{yel|58}}
* [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Evans]] {{yel|60}} {{goal|81}}
* [[Jon Gaztañaga|Gaztañaga]] {{yel|67}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan]]
|attendance =
|referee = Tejas Nagavenkar
|result = L
|motm = [[Subhasish Bose]] (ATK Mohun Bagan)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2022|11|25|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=7
|score=1–3
|report= https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49500-northeast-united-fc-vs-mumbai-city-fc
|team1=NorthEast United FC
|goals1=* [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]{{Goal|17}}
* [[Michael Jakobsen]]{{Yel|35}}
|team2=[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|goals2=* [[Ahmed Jahouh|Jahouh]] {{Goal|10|P}}
* [[Bipin Singh]] {{Goal|27}}
* [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz]] {{Goal|46}}
|stadium=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location=[[Guwahati]]
|attendance=851
|referee=Senthil Nathan S
|motm=[[Greg Stewart (footballer)|Greg Stewart]] (Mumbai City)
|result=L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|02|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team2 = NorthEast United
|score = 2–1
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49505-odisha-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc
|team1 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals1 = *[[Nandhakumar Sekar|Nandha]]{{Goal|24}}
*[[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Jerry]]{{Goal|78}}
*[[Pedro Martín]]{{Yel|90+6}}
|goals2 = *[[Rochharzela]]{{Goal|60}}
|stadium=[[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location=[[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 7,716
|referee = Umesh Bora
|result = L
|motm = [[Saúl Crespo]] (Odisha)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 9
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|10|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = NorthEast United
|score = 3–7
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/el-khayati-shines-as-chennaiyin-fc-beat-northeast-united-fc-in-ten-goal-thriller
|team2 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|goals1 = *[[Wilmar Jordán]] {{Goal|36|P}}
*[[Mashoor Shereef]] {{Yel|67}}
*[[Romain Philippoteaux]] {{Goal|73}}
*[[Rochharzela]] {{Goal|90+5}}
|goals2 = *[[Abdenasser El Khayati|Nasser El Khayati]] {{Goal|11||40||48}}
*[[Petar Slišković]]{{Goal|45||57}}
*[[Julius Düker]]{{Goal|68}}
*[[Joe Zoherliana]]{{Goal|45|OG}}
|stadium=[[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location=[[Guwahati]]
|attendance =
|referee = Umesh Bora
|result = L
|motm = [[Abdenasser El Khayati|Nasser El Khayati]] (Chennaiyin)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2022|12|17|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=10
|score=2–1
|report=
|team1=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1=*[[Edu Bedia]] {{Goal|10}}
*[[Iker Guarrotxena]] {{Goal|20}}
|team2=NorthEast United FC
|goals2=*[[Mirshad Michu]] {{Yel|19}}
*[[Joe Zoherliana]] {{Yel|19}}
*[[Wilmar Jordán]] {{Goal|90+5|P}}
|stadium=[[Fatorda Stadium|Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location=[[Margao]]
|attendance=11,307
|referee=Ashwin
|motm=[[Anwar Ali (footballer, born 2000)|Anwar Ali]] (Goa)
|result=L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 11
|date = {{Start date|2022|12|24|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = NorthEast United
|score = 1–0
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/northeast-united-fc-score-first-points-of-the-season-with-a-win-over-atk-mohun-bagan
|team2 =[[ATK Mohun Bagan FC|ATK Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = * [[Pragyan Gogoi|Pragyan]] {{yel|34}}
*[[Wilmar Jordán|Jordán]] {{Goal|70}}
* [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam]] {{yel|56}}
* [[Rochharzela|Chhara]] {{yel|68}}
* [[Jon Gaztañaga|Gazta]] {{yel|82}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|attendance = 504
|referee = Aditya Purkayastha
|result = W
|motm = [[Wilmar Jordán]] (NEUFC)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 12
|date = 29 December 2022
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|score = 6–1
|report = https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/hyderabad-fc-gain-goal-difference-boost-in-their-6-1-win-over-north-east-united-fc
|team2 = NorthEast United
|goals1 = [[Javier Siverio|Siverio]] {{goal|8||73}} [[Borja Herrera|Herrera]] {{goal|24}} [[Odei Onaindia|Onaindia]] {{goal|30}} [[Joel Chianese|Chianese]] {{goal|77}} [[Gaurav Bora|Bora]] {{goal|80|o.g.}}
|goals2 = [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Evans]] {{goal|36}} [[Joe Zoherliana|Zoherliana]] {{yel|55}} [[Romain Philippoteaux|Philippoteaux]] {{yel|90+3}}
|location = [[Hyderabad]]
|stadium = [[G. M. C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium]]
|attendance = 5,907
|referee = I Jamal Mohamed
|result = L
|motm = [[Javier Siverio|Siverio]] (Hyderabad)
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 13
|date = {{Start date|2023|1|6|df=y}}
|time = 19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = NorthEast United
|goals1 =
|score = 1-2
|report =
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|motm =
|result =L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2023|01|15|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=14
|score= 2-2
|report= https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/fc-goa-vs-northeast-united-fc-result-score-goal-indian-super-league-202223-isl-highlights/article66381642.ece
|team1=NorthEast United
|goals1=
|team2=[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals2=
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance= 361
|referee=
|motm= [[Wilmar Jordán]] (NEUFC)
|result=D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2023|01|19|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=15
|score=4-0
|report=
|team1= [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|goals1=
|team2=NorthEast United
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|location=[[Mumbai]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|motm=
|result=L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date={{Start date|2023|1|29|df=y}}
|time=19:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round=16
|score=2–0
|report=[https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/49548-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-northeast-united-fc Report]
|team1=[[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1=* [[Dimitrios Diamantakos|Diamantakos]] {{yel|9}}, {{goal|42||44}}
* [[Rahul KP|Rahul]] {{yel|52}}
|team2=NorthEast United
|goals2=* [[Alex Saji|Saji]] {{yel|6}}
* [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Evans]] {{yel|32}}
* [[Gurjinder Kumar|Gurjinder]] {{yel|33}}
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location=[[Kochi|Kochi, Kerala]]
|attendance=
|referee=Umesh Bora
|motm=[[Dimitrios Diamantakos]] (Kerala Blasters)
|result=L
}}

=== Durand Cup ===
{{Main|2022 Durand Cup}}

NorthEast United were drawn in the Group D for the 131st edition of the [[Durand Cup]] along with two other ISL sides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-19 |title=Durand Cup 2022 groups revealed |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/durand-cup-2022-groups-revealed |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=90min.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

====Group stage====
{{:2022 Durand Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=NEU}}

==== Matches ====
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCCCCC|Void|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = Group stage
|date= {{Start date|2022|08|17|df=y}}
|time= 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=NorthEast United
|score= 0–6
|report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11951 Report]
|team2=[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|goals1=
|goals2= * [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Jerry]] {{goal|14||38}}
* [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|26}}
* [[Sahil Panwar|Panwar]] {{yel|34}}
* [[Isak Vanlalruatfela|Isak]] {{goal|81}}
* [[Diego Maurício|Maurício]] {{goal|88}}
* [[Thoiba Singh Moirangthem|Thoiba]] {{goal|90+1}}
|location= [[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
|stadium= [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|attendance=
|result= L
|motm= [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]] (Odisha)
|referee= [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
}}

{{football box collapsible
|round = Group stage
|date= {{Start date|2022|08|21|df=y}}
|time= 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=NorthEast United
| score = 1–3
| report = https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11958
| team2 = [[Army Green (football team)|Army Green]]
| goals1 = * [[Dipu Mirdha|Mirdha]] {{goal|90+1}}
| goals2 =
* PC Lallawmkima {{goal|9||55}} {{yel|45+3}}
* Somesh Kothari {{goal|24}}
* Sebin Varghese {{yel|46}}
| location = [[Guwahati]]
| stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = PC Lallawmkima (Army Green)
| referee=
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = Group stage
| date = {{start date|2022|08|27|df=y}}
| time = 18.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = NorthEast United
| score = 0–3
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11971 Report]
| team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| goals1 = * Boro {{yel|35}}
* Gogoi {{yel|62}}
| goals2 = * Aimen {{goal|28||90}}
* Ajsal {{goal|55}}
* Kankonkar {{yel|66}}
* Gigi {{yel|81}}
| location = [[Guwahati]]
| stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = L
| motm = Mohammed Aimen (Kerala Blasters)
| referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
}}

{{football box collapsible
| id = NEUFCSD
| round = Group stage
| date = {{start date|2022|09|02|df=y}}
| time = 15.00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = NorthEast United
| score = 2–0
| report = [https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/11982 Report]
| team2 = [[Sudeva Delhi FC|Sudeva Delhi]]
| goals1 = * Boro {{yel|31}}
* [[Dipu Mirdha|Mirdha]] {{goal|64}}
* [[Gani Nigam|Nigam]] {{goal|90+6}}
| location = [[Guwahati]]
| stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
| attendance =
| result = W
| motm = [[Dipu Mirdha]] (NorthEast United)
| referee =
}}

=== Super Cup ===
====Group Stage====
{{Main|2023 Indian Super Cup}}
{{:2023 Indian Super Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group D|showteam=NEU}}

=====Matches=====
{{football box collapsible
| round = 1
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|11|df=y}}
| time = 20.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| score = 4–2
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18458 Report]
| team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| goals1 = * [[Rahim Ali|Ali]] {{goal|17||82}} {{yel|83}}
* [[Jiteshwor Singh|Jiteshwor]] {{yel|24}}
* [[Edwin Sydney Vanspaul|Vanspaul]] {{goal|33}}
* [[Julius Düker|Düker]] {{goal|50}}
* [[Fallou Diagne|Diagne]] {{yel|73}}
| goals2 = * [[Alex Saji|Saji]] {{yel|22}}
* [[Rochharzela]] {{goal|42}}
* [[Mohammed Irshad|Irshad]] {{yel|68}}
* [[Laldanmawia Ralte|Ralte]] {{goal|90+3}}
| location = [[Manjeri]]
| stadium = [[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium|Payyanad Stadium]]
| attendance = 3,264
| motm = [[Aakash Sangwan]] (Chennaiyin)
| referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|result=L
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 4
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|15|df=y}}
| time = 20.30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| score = 2–1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18460 Report]
| team2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| goals1 = * [[Wilmar Jordán|Jordán]] {{goal|32|p|50}}
* [[Joe Zoherliana|Zoherliana]] {{yel|34}}
* [[Tondonba Singh|Tondonba]] {{yel|44}}
* [[Emil Benny|Benny]] {{yel|71}}
* [[Mirshad Michu|Michu]] {{yel|80}}
| goals2 = * [[Gurkirat Singh|Gurkirat]] {{yel|68}}
* [[Lalengmawia Ralte|Apuia]] {{goal|85}}
* [[Vikram Partap Singh Sandhu|Vikram]] {{yel|89}}
| location = [[Manjeri]]
| stadium = [[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium|Payyanad Stadium]]
| attendance = 4,329
| motm = [[Wilmar Jordán]] (NorthEast United)
| referee = Pratik Mondal
|result=W
}}

{{football box collapsible
| round = 3
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|19|df=y}}
| time = 20:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| score = 6–3
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18461 Report]
| team2 = [[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]
| goals1 = * [[Wilmar Jordán|Jordán]] {{goal|27||43||51||70}}
* A. Kholmurodov {{yel|59}}
* [[Gani Nigam|Nigam]] {{goal|78}}
* [[Jithin M. S.|Jithin]] {{goal|90+1}}
| goals2 = * [[Kingsley Fernandes|Fernandes]] {{goal|55}}
* [[Martín Cháves|Cháves]] {{goal|60}} {{yel|71}}
* [[Mohammed Irshad|Irshad]] {{goal|83|o.g.}}
* [[George D'Souza|D'Souza]] {{yel|86}}
| location = [[Kozhikode]]
| stadium = [[EMS Stadium]]
| attendance = 828
| motm = [[Wilmar Jordán]] (NorthEast United)
| referee = Rahul Kumar Gupta
|result=W
}}

====Semi Final====
{{football box collapsible
| round = SF2
| date = {{Start date|2023|04|22|df=y}}
| time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| team1 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| score = 3–1
| report = [https://i-league.org/match-details/?mid=18804 Report]
| team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
| goals1 = * [[Nandhakumar Sekar|Sekar]] {{goal|10||63}}
* [[Diego Maurício|Maurício]] {{goal|86}}
| goals2 = * [[Wilmar Jordán|Jordán]] {{goal|2}}
* [[Jithin M. S.|Jithin]] {{yel|28}}
| location = [[Manjeri]]
| stadium = [[Malappuram District Sports Complex Stadium|Payyanad Stadium]]
| attendance = 6,234
| motm = [[Nandhakumar Sekar]] (Odisha)
| referee = Senthil Nathan S
|result=L
}}

==Statistics==

===Squad statistics===
{{Updated|22 April 2023}}
{{Extended football squad start|[[Indian Super League]]|[[2022 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}
|-
!colspan=14 |''Goalkeepers''
{{Extended football squad player|no=1|name=Nikhil Deka|pos=GK|nat=IND |0|0|2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=23|name=Khoirom Singh|pos=GK|nat=IND |0|0|2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=29|name=[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]|pos=GK|nat=IND |10|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=32|name=[[Mirshad Michu]]|pos=GK|nat=IND |10|0|0|0|4|0}}
|-
!colspan=14 |''Defenders''
{{Extended football squad player|no=3|name=[[Tondonba Singh]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |6+2|0|0+1|0|4|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=4|name=[[Provat Lakra]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=5|name=[[Gurjinder Kumar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |10+1|0|0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=6|name=[[Mashoor Shereef]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |6+2|0|0|0|2+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=13|name=[[Gaurav Bora]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |12+2|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=14|name=[[Joe Zoherliana]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |9+3|0|0+1|0|3|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=20|name=[[Hira Mondal]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |5+1|0|0|0|0+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=24|name=[[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Aaron Evans]]|pos=DF|nat=AUS |15+3|2|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=33|name=[[Alisher Kholmurodov]]|pos=DF|nat=TJK |0|0|0|0|4|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=45|name=[[Alex Saji]]|pos=DF|nat=IND |7|0|0|0|3+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Bishnu Rabha|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|4|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Sampow Rongmei|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|4|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Bimol Singh|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Chiranjeet Gogoi|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|3|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Joni Rabha|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|2+2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Jirjar Terang|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|1+2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Lanchenba Maibam|pos=DF|nat=IND |0|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=14 |''Midfielders''
{{Extended football squad player|no=8|name=[[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |4+10|1|0|0|0+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=10|name=[[Romain Philippoteaux]]|pos=MF|nat=FRA |16+2|2|0|0|2+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=15|name=[[Emil Benny]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |10+6|0|0+1|0|2+1|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=16|name=[[Mohammed Irshad]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |6+5|0|0|0|4|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=18|name=[[Jithin MS]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |12+4|1|0+1|0|3+1|1}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=26|name=[[Sehnaj Singh]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=28|name=Emanuel Lalchhanchhuaha|pos=MF|nat=IND |4+5|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=43|name=[[Pragyan Gogoi]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |12+4|0|0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=90|name=[[Joseba Beitia]]|pos=MF|nat=ESP |5|0|0|0|4|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Denis Bodo|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|3|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Basanta Boro|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|4|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Muktasana Gotimayum|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|3|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Madhujya Bora|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|3|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Ningthoujam Binan Singh|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|1+3|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Sandeep Thapa|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|1+2|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Anupam Borgohain|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Dinesh Bhagat|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Jianchun Rongmei|pos=MF|nat=IND |0|0|1|0|0|0}}
|-
!colspan=14 |''Forwards''
{{Extended football squad player|no=7|name=[[Rochharzela]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |7+7|2|0|0|2+2|1}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=9|name=[[Wilmar Jordán]]|pos=FW|nat=COL |9+2|8|0|0|4|7}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=11|name=[[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |9+9|3|0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=17|name=[[Laldanmawia Ralte]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |0+6|0|0|0|0+2|1}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=19|name=[[Dipu Mirdha]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |0|0|4|2|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=22|name=[[Gani Nigam]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |2+6|0|0+1|1|3+1|1}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=25|name=[[Kule Mbombo]]|pos=FW|nat=COD |6|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=30|name=[[Alfred Lalroutsang]]|pos=FW|nat=IND |0|0|4|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=—|name=Jwangbla Brahma|pos=FW|nat=IND |0|0|0+1|0|0|0}}
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center|Players who left the club during the season
{{Extended football squad player|no=44|name=[[Sylvester Igboun]]|pos=FW|nat=NGR |0+1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=27|name=[[Matt Derbyshire]]|pos=FW|nat=ENG |6+2|1|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=91|name=[[Jon Gaztañaga]]|pos=MF|nat=ESP |11+2|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=12|name=[[Rupert Nongrum]]|pos=MF|nat=IND |0+1|0|0|0|0|0}}
{{Extended football squad player|no=2|name=[[Michael Jakobsen]]|pos=DF|nat=DEN |10|0|0|0|0|0}}
|}

===Goalscorers===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center;width:90%
|-
!width=15|{{Tooltip|Rank|Rank}}
!width=15|{{Tooltip|No.|Squad Number}}
!width=15|{{Tooltip|Pos.|Position}}
!width=145|Player
!width=120|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|League]]
!width=120|[[2022 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]
!width=120|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!width=120|Total
|-
|1
|9
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|COL}} [[Wilmar Jordán]]
|8
|0
|7
!15
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
|11
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]
|3
|0
|0
!3
|-
|7
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rochharzela]]
|2
|0
|1
!3
|-
| rowspan="5" |3
|24
|DF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Aaron Evans]]
|2
|0
|0
!2
|-
|10
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Romain Philippoteaux]]
|2
|0
|0
!2
|-
|18
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jithin M. S.]]
|1
|0
|1
!2
|-
|19
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dipu Mirdha]]
|0
|2
|0
!2
|-
|22
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gani Nigam]]
|0
|1
|1
!2
|-
| rowspan="3" |4
|27
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Matt Derbyshire]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
|17
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Laldanmawia Ralte]]
|0
|0
|1
!1
|-
|8
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Totals'''
|'''22'''
|'''3'''
|'''11'''
!36
|}
Source : [https://www.worldfootball.net/teams/te89209/ World Football]

===Assist===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:center;width:90%
|-
!width=15|{{Tooltip|Rank|Rank}}
!width=15|{{Tooltip|No.|Squad Number}}
!width=15|{{Tooltip|Pos.|Position}}
!width=145|Player
!width=120|[[2022–23 Indian Super League|League]]
!width=120|[[2022 Durand Cup|Durand Cup]]
!width=120|[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!width=120|Total
|-
|1
|15
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Emil Benny]]
|3
|0
|0
!3
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
|10
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Romain Philippoteaux]]
|2
|0
|0
!2
|-
|22
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gani Nigam]]
|2
|0
|0
!2
|-
| rowspan="7" |3
|71
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Jon Gaztañaga]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
|5
|DF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gurjinder Kumar]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
|8
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
|30
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alfred Lalroutsang]]
|0
|1
|0
!1
|-
|18
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jithin MS]]
|0
|1
|0
!1
|-
|43
|MF
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pragyan Gogoi]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
|11
|FW
| align="left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Parthib Sundar Gogoi|Parthib Gogoi]]
|1
|0
|0
!1
|-
| colspan="4" |'''Totals'''
|'''12'''
|'''2'''
|'''0'''
!9
|}

===Disciplinary record===
''As of 15 January 2023''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nation
!rowspan=2|Name
!colspan=3|[[2019–20 Indian Super League|League]]
! colspan="3" |[[Durand Cup]]
! colspan="3" |[[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
!colspan=3|Total
|-
! {{yel}}
! {{sentoff|2}}
! {{sentoff|0}}
! {{yel}}
! {{sentoff|2}}
! {{sentoff|0}}
! {{yel}}
! {{sentoff|2}}
! {{sentoff|0}}
! {{yel}}
! {{sentoff|2}}
! {{sentoff|0}}
|-
|||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||Basanta Boro
|0||0||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||Chiranjeet Gogoi
|0||0||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|13||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Gaurav Bora]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|8||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Imran Khan (footballer)|Imran Khan]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|22||[[Forward (association football)|FW]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Gani Nigam]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|91||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|ESP}}||[[Jon Gaztañaga]]||6||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||6||0||0
|-
|7||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Rochharzela]]||3||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||0
|-
|2||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|DEN}}||[[Michael Jakobsen]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|32||[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Mirshad Michu]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|43||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Pragyan Gogoi]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|14||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Joe Zoherliana]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|16||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Mohammed Irshad]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|6||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Mashoor Shereef]]||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0||0
|-
|10||[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]||{{flagicon|FRA}}||[[Romain Philippoteaux]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|24||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|AUS}}||[[Aaron Evans (footballer)|Aaron Evans]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|11||[[Forward (association football)|FW]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Parthib Sundar Gogoi]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|29||[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|45||[[Defender (association football)|DF]]||{{flagicon|IND}}||[[Alex Saji]]||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||0
|-
|}

==Coaching staff==

{{see also|List of NorthEast United FC managers}}
{|class="wikitable" "margin-left:1em;float:center"
|-
!Role
!Name
!Refs.
|-
| Head coach
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vincenzo Alberto Annese]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-news/vincenzo-annese-replaces-marco-balbul-as-northeast-united-fc-head-coach/article66240213.ece |title=Vincenzo Annese replaces Marco Balbul as NorthEast United FC head coach |date=8 December 2022 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Groves (footballer)|Paul Groves]]
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Welcoming our new Assistant Coach, the experienced Paul Groves!|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1558060938724397057|website=@NEUtdFC|date=12 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813055525/https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1558060938724397057|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Floyd Pinto]]
|<ref>{{cite news|title=NorthEast United appoint Floyd Pinto as Indian assistant coach|url=https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-northeast-united-fc-appoint-floyd-pinto-indian-assistant-coach|website=khelnow.com|date=12 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813055526/https://khelnow.com/football/isl-2022-23-northeast-united-fc-appoint-floyd-pinto-indian-assistant-coach|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Dipankar Choudhury
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Delighted to announce 𝗗𝗶𝗽𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗮𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗱𝗵𝘂𝗿𝘆 as the club's new first-team 𝗚𝗼𝗮𝗹𝗸𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗮𝗰𝗵. ❤️🤍🖤|url=https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1565331436416413701|website=@NEUtdFC|date=1 September 2022|access-date=1 September 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813120120/https://twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1565331436416413701?s=20&t=dd0_H1G6xoQy7kVhJHgGfw |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| Strength and Conditioning coach
|{{flagicon|ITA}} Riccardo Proietti
|<ref>{{cite news|title=Join us in welcoming our new Strength and Conditioning Coach, 𝗗𝗿. 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗱𝗼 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/NEUtdFC/status/1598301386982113280|website=@NEUtdFC|date=1 December 2022|access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of NorthEast United FC seasons]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{NorthEast United FC}}
{{2022–23 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 NorthEast United FC season}}
[[Category:NorthEast United FC seasons]]
[[Category:2022–23 Indian Super League season by team|NorthEast United]]

Anu Krishna

2025-12-31T23:34:16Z

DelorisQha: made data...

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anu Krishna
| image = Anu Krishna in chennai 2021 jpg.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actress, model
| years_active = 2014–present
| imagesize =
| homepage =
}}

'''Anu Krishna''' is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil films. She has starred in ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014) and ''[[Ilami]]'' (2016).

==Personal life and career==
Anu Krishna is from a Malayali family in Chennai.<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/news/india/actress-anu-krishna-said-as-many-people-asked-me-for-adjustment-119847|title=Actress Anu Krishna :என்கிட்டயும் அட்ஜஸ்ட்மெண்ட் கேட்டாங்க.. அனு கிருஷ்ணா ஓப்பன் டாக்...|author=Sasikala|language=ta|work=[[ABP News]]|date=27 May 2023 }}</ref> She made her acting debut as a child actress, notably appearing in [[Bapu (director)|Bapu]]'s ''Mahabhagavatham'' television series as Krishna, and then in ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'' (2001) as the sister of [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]'s character. Anu Krishna made a career breakthrough as an actress with her appearance in [[AR Murugadoss]]'s ''[[Kaththi]]'' (2014), where she again portrayed the sister of Vijay's character.<ref name="A"/> In the mid-2010s, she appeared in a number of small budget roles as the lead actress including ''Chinnan Chiriya Vanna Paravai'' (2014) and ''Ilaignar Paasarai'' (2015).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/vellai-the-latest-for-fans-of-tamil-film-music/article4034556.ece | title=Vellai: The latest for fans of Tamil film music | newspaper=The Hindu | date=26 October 2012 }}</ref> She notably was cast in the title role of a tribal villager in ''[[Ilami]]'' (2016), appearing alongside [[Yuvan (actor)|Yuvan]] in the film based on [[jallikattu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/210916/ilami-a-period-film-on-jallikattu.html|title=Ilami, a period film on Jallikattu|date=21 September 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/081116/ilami-will-glorify-jallikattu-julien-prakash.html|title=Ilami will glorify jallikattu: Julien Prakash|date=8 November 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/Ilami-Matador-games/article16701828.ece | title=Ilami: Matador games | newspaper=The Hindu | date=25 November 2016 | last1=M | first1=Ramakrishnan }}</ref> A critic from the ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' noted that she had "given a decent performance and was aptly cast", while a reviewer from ''[[Times of India]]'' gave the film a mixed review.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/261116/ilami-movie-review-worth-a-watch-despite-of-flaws.html|title=Ilami movie review: Worth a watch despite of flaws|date=26 November 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/ilami/movie-review/55632558.cms | title=Ilami Movie Review | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> She also appeared in supporting roles in films such as ''[[Inba Twinkle Lilly]]'' (2018) and ''[[60 Vayadu Maaniram]]'' (2018).

In 2018, she appeared in ''Alai Pesi'' by Murali Bharathi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/05/04203306/1160948/Alaipesi-Movie-Review.vpf|title=விமர்சனம்: அலைபேசி [Review: Alaipesi]|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|date=4 May 2018}}</ref> She later signed on to star in a film titled ''Kooli Padai'' by the same team, though the film did not have a theatrical release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/290818/anu-krishna-leading-lady-in-kooli-padai.html|title=Anu Krishna leading lady in Kooli Padai|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=29 August 2018 }}</ref> Several other films that she worked on during the late 2010s, including ''Kottampatti Thodakka Palli'', ''Eruma'', ''Venkat Subramani Mic Set 123'' and ''Kaliru'', were completed but did not eventually release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/230917/kaliru-on-honour-killing.html|title=Kaliru on honour killing|date=23 September 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/020218/manushanaa-nee-deals-with-a-sensitive-issue.html|title=Manushanaa Nee deals with a sensitive issue|date=2 February 2018 }}</ref>

Her most recent release was ''[[Pitha 23:23]]''. In 2023, her upcoming films include the biopic ''Sri Ramanujam'' and ''Eerattam''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8pW-L6Z1dQ | title=என்கிட்ட Adjustment கேட்டு இருக்காங்க | Kaththi Movie Vijay's Sister Anu Krishna Interview | Ilami | website=[[YouTube]] | date=26 May 2023 }}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|rowspan="1"|2001 || ''[[Friends (2001 film)|Friends]]'' || young Amudha ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2013 || ''Vellai Desathin Idhayam'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2014 || ''[[Kaththi]]'' || Jeeva's sister ||
|-
| ''Chinnan Chiriya Vanna Paravai'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2015 || ''Iru Kadhal Oru Kadhai'' || Jothi || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/iru-kadhal-oru-kadhai-a-lesson-for-youngsters/article7378928.ece|title=A lesson for youngsters|date=2 July 2015|first=S. R. Ashok|last=Kumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ilaignar Paasarai'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2016 || ''[[Ilami]]'' || Ilami ||
|-
|rowspan="5"|2018 || ''Manushanaa Nee'' || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2018/02/16224101/1146260/Manusana-Nee-Movie-Review.vpf|title=விமர்சனம்: மனுசனா நீ [Review: Manushanaa Nee]|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|language=ta|date=16 February 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''Alai Pesi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Inba Twinkle Lilly]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Poya Velaya Patthukkittu'' || ||
|-
| ''[[60 Vayadu Maaniram]]'' || Madhavi ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2019 || ''Shree Atharvana Prathyangira'' || || Kannada film
|-
|''Arandavanuku Irundadhellam Pei'' || || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/cinema/review/2019/02/26122113/1229629/Arandavanukku-Irundathellam-Pei-movie-review-in-Tamil.vpf|title=விமர்சனம் ஒரே நாளில் நடந்த கதை - அரண்டவனுக்கு இருண்டதெல்லாம் பேய் விமர்சனம்|work=[[Maalai Malar]]|date=26 February 2019|language=ta}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|2021 || ''Idhu Vibathu Paghuthi'' || ||
|-
|rowspan="1"|2023 || ''[[Dhillu Irundha Poradu]]'' || ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Pitha 23:23]]'' || ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|11011687}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishna, Anu}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]

Rhododendron campanulatum

2025-12-27T18:27:06Z

DelorisQha: new new details more to come

{{Short description|Species of plant in the genus Rhododendron}}
{{Speciesbox
|image=Rhododendron campanulatum AJTJ.jpg
|image_caption=In bloom
|image2=Rhododendron campanulatum 02 flower.jpg
|image2_caption=Close-up of flowers, which can range from white to dark pink
|genus=Rhododendron
|species=campanulatum
|authority=[[David Don|D.Don]]
|synonyms_ref=<ref name="332096-1" />
|synonyms={{Collapsible list|
*''Azalea campanulata'' (D.Don) Kuntze
*''Rhododendron batemanii'' Hook.f.
*''Rhododendron edgarii'' Gamble
*''Rhododendron heftii'' Davidian
*''Rhododendron mutabile'' Webb ex Royle
*''Rhododendron nobile'' Wall.
*''Rhododendron planifolium'' Nutt.
*''Rhododendron wallichii'' Hook.f.
* ''Rhododendron campanulatum'' var. ''wallichii'' {{au|Hook.}}
}}}}

'''''Rhododendron campanulatum''''', the '''bell-flowered rhododendron''' or '''bell rhododendron''', is a species of flowering plant in the family [[Ericaceae]], native to northeastern India, eastern Nepal, Bhutan, [[Sikkim]], and southern [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] in China.

== Description ==
Growing to {{convert|2-4|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height, it is an [[evergreen]] shrub with leathery leaves that are [[elliptic]] to oblong-obovate, 7–12 by 2.5–5 cm in size.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=''Rhododendron campanulatum'' |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/rhododendron/rhododendron-campanulatum |access-date=15 December 2021 |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |publisher=International Dendrology Society}}</ref>

The flowers are purple-red to white, with red spots.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021 |title=''Rhododendron campanulatum'' bell-flowered rhododendron |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/100435/i-Rhododendron-campanulatum-i/Details |access-date=20 June 2021 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |quote=Other common names; ... bell rhododendron}}</ref><ref name="332096-1">{{cite web |author= |title=''Rhododendron campanulatum'' D.Don |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:332096-1 |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}</ref> They bloom from April to June in the Himalayas,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhododendron campanulatum - Bell Rhododendron |url=https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Bell%20Rhododendron.html |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=Flowers of India}}</ref> and May to June in Tibet.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=402. Rhododendron campanulatum |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200016357 |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=eFloras.org <<Floras of China>>}}</ref>

The tree fruits from July to September.<ref name=":1" />

== Taxonomy ==
The tree is called zhong hua du Juan (钟花杜鹃) in Chinese.<ref name=":1" />

== Habitat ==
''Rhododendron campanulatum'' is native to [[Northeast India]], eastern Nepal, Bhutan, [[Sikkim]], and southern [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] where it grows at elevations of {{convert|3000-4300|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" />

It is the [[List of Indian state flowers|state flower]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=State Symbols of HP |url=http://www.hpenvis.nic.in/Database/StateSymbolsHP_3868.aspx |access-date=20 June 2021 |website=hpenvis.nic.in |publisher=ENVIS Centre: Himachal Pradesh |quote=Pink Rhododendron}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q11884195}}

[[Category:Rhododendron|campanulatum]]
[[Category:Flora of East Himalaya]]
[[Category:Flora of Nepal]]
[[Category:Flora of Tibet]]
[[Category:Flora of West Himalaya]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1821]]
[[Category:Taxa named by David Don]]

{{Ericoideae-stub}}

Aakash Talwar

2025-12-15T05:09:05Z

DelorisQha: made a post...

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aakash Talwar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|10|09}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India]]
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| years_active = 2014–present
| height =
| known_for = ''[[Mastaangi]]'' ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki|Shakti]]''
}}

'''Aakash Talwar''' (born 9 October 1992) is an Indian television [[actor]]. Since beginning his career in 2014, he has appeared in over [[#Television|30 TV shows]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abplive.in/television/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-292113 |title='Kaisi Yeh Yaarian' actor Aakash Talwar ENGAGED, to get married soon! |author=Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar |newspaper=[[ABP News]] |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=29 January 2019 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918202043/http://www.abplive.in/television/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-292113 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He made his television debut with ''[[Pavitra Bandhan]],'' but gained a breakthrough playing Varun Verma in ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-309687-2016-02-20 |title=Kaisi Yeh Yaarian actor Aakash Talwar engaged, to get married soon : Celebrity, News - India Today |author=Manpreet Kaur|newspaper=[[India Today]] |date=20 February 2016}}</ref> He rose to fame playing the lead role of Kabir Kapoor in ''[[Mastaangi]]'' and further appeared in serials like ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]'', ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]'', ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital|Savitri Devi]]'' and ''[[Daayan]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/channel-vs-new-show-mastaangi-inspired-by-rishi-kapoors-karz-303485-2016-01-12|title=Channel V's new show Mastaangi inspired by Rishi Kapoor's Karz?|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=12 January 2016|access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2016/03/02/7-things-we-learned-about-the-cast-of-mastaangi/|title=7 Things We Learned About The Cast Of Mastaangi! |work=mmissmalini.com|date=2 March 2016}}</ref> From 2020 to 2021, Talwar achieved huge recognition with his grey-shaded turned negative role of Daljeet Singh in [[Colors TV]]'s fourth longest running TV soap opera ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki|Shakti]]'' and was also seen in Colors TV's other shows, including ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]'' as Tapish Singhania and ''[[Molkki]]'' as Arjun Bajwa.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/New-entry-in-Colors-Thapki-Pyaar-Ki/articleshow/53708250.cms |title=New entry in Colors' 'Thapki Pyaar Ki' - Times of India |author=Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 August 2016}}</ref> Most recently, he made a [[special appearance]] in Colors TV's ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' as Rajiv.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/molkki-actor-aakash-talwar-all-set-to-enter-fanaa-ishq-mein-marjawan/articleshow/89221152.cms|title=Molkki actor Aakash Talwar all set to enter Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan|website=[[Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>

==Television==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin-right: 0;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Show
! scope="col" | Role
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014
! ''[[Pavitra Bandhan]]''
|Dr. Sameer Basu
|-
! ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]''
|
|-
! ''[[Nadaan Parindey Ghar Aaja]]''
|
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2015
! ''[[Code Red (Indian TV series)|Code Red Taalash]]''
|Rahul Vaidya
|-
! ''Halla Bol''
|
|-
! ''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat 6]]''
|
|-
! ''MTV Webbed''
|
|-
! ''[[Yeh Hai Aashiqui]]''
|
|-
! ''[[Ishq Ka Rang Safed]]''
|Ram Chaturvedi<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.abplive.in/television/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-292113 |title='Kaisi Yeh Yaarian' actor Aakash Talwar ENGAGED, to get married soon! |author=Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar |newspaper=[[ABP News]] |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=29 January 2019 |archive-date=18 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918202043/http://www.abplive.in/television/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-292113 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! ''[[Kaisi Yeh Yaariyan|Kaisi Yeh Yaariyan 2]]''
|Varun Verma<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/aakash-talwars-happy-times-mtv-kaisi-yeh-yaariaan-150912|title=Aakash Talwar's 'happy' times on MTV Kaisi Yeh Yaariaan|work=Tellychakkar|date=12 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
! ''[[Mastaangi - One Love Story Two Lifetimes|Mastaangi]]''
|Kabir Kapoor<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/kaisi-yeh-yaarian-actor-aakash-talwar-engaged-to-get-married-soon-309687-2016-02-20 |title=Kaisi Yeh Yaarian actor Aakash Talwar engaged, to get married soon : Celebrity, News - India Today |author=Manpreet Kaur|newspaper=[[India Today]] |date=20 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missmalini.com/2016/03/02/7-things-we-learned-about-the-cast-of-mastaangi/|title=7 Things We Learned About The Cast Of Mastaangi! |work=mmissmalini.com|date=2 March 2016}}</ref>
|-
! ''[[Thapki Pyar Ki]]''
|Janardhan/John Jaiswal<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/New-entry-in-Colors-Thapki-Pyaar-Ki/articleshow/53708250.cms |title=New entry in Colors' 'Thapki Pyaar Ki' - Times of India |author=Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
! ''[[Ichhapyaari Naagin]]''
|Mayuresh Singh
|-
! ''[[Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani]]''
|Kunder Kumar
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018
! ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''
|Satish Ahuja
|-
! ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]''
|Devang Roy
|-
|2018–2019
! ''[[Daayan (TV series)|Daayan]]''
|Harshvardhan/Harsh Morya
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020–2021
! ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki|Shakti]]''
|Daljeet Singh
|-
! ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 5]]''
|Tapish Singhania
|-
|2021
! ''[[Molkki]]''
|Arjun Bajwa
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
! ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawaan]]''
|Rajeev Kumar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/molkki-actor-aakash-talwar-all-set-to-enter-fanaa-ishq-mein-marjawan/articleshow/89221152.cms|title=Molkki actor Aakash Talwar all set to enter Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan|website=[[Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
! ''Swaran Ghar''
| Young Kanwaljeet Bedi
|-
| 2022–2024
! ''[[Parineeti (TV series)|Parineetii]]''
| Amit Bajwa
|-
| 2024–2025
! ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Arman Randhawa
|-
| 2025
! ''[[Sajan Ji Ghar Aaye Family Kyun Sharmaye]]''
| Rajan Sinha
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Talwar, Aakash}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Amritsar]]

Karnataka Gramin Bank

2025-12-01T13:36:02Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|Defuncted Indian regional bank}}
{{Infobox company
| name =
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| former_name =
| type = [[Regional rural bank]]
| trade_name = Karnataka Gramin Bank
| ISIN =
| industry = [[Banking]]
| founded = {{start date and years ago|2019|1|4|df=y|p=y}}
| founder =
| defunct = {{End date and age|df=yes|2025|04|30}}
| fate = Merged with [[Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank]] to form [[Karnataka Grameena Bank]]
| successor = [[Karnataka Grameena Bank]]
| predecessor = Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank,
Kaveri Gramin Bank
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Ballari]], Karnataka
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| area_served =
| key_people = Shrikant M Bhandiwad (Chairman)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://karnatakagrameenabank.com/organisational-information/boardofdirectors |title=Board of Directors |website=Karnataka Gramin Bank |access-date=22 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722000000/https://karnatakagrameenabank.com/organisational-information/boardofdirectors |archive-date=22 July 2025 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| products = {{Bulleted_list|[[Retail banking|Consumer banking]]|[[Commercial bank|Corporate banking]]|[[Financial services|Finance and insurance]]|[[Mortgage loan]]s|[[Private banking]]|[[Savings]]|[[Asset management]]|[[Wealth management]]}}
| services = {{bulleted list
|Deposit Services
|Savings accounts
|Fixed deposits / Certificates of Deposit (CDs)
|Recurring deposit accounts
|Personal loans
|Home loans / Mortgages
|Car loans / Auto financing
|Education loans
|Business loans
|Credit cards
|Payment & Transfer Services
Debit cards
|Online banking
|Mobile banking
|Wire transfers
|ATM services (cash withdrawal, deposits)
|Investment & Wealth Management
Mutual funds
|Retirement accounts (Pension, IRA, 401k)
|Stock trading & brokerage
|Insurance (life, health, property)
|Safe deposit lockers
|Foreign currency exchange
|Financial advisory services
|Business banking (merchant accounts, payroll)
}}
| revenue =
| operating_income = {{INRConvert|4400|c|lk=on}} (2023{{endash}}2024)
| net_income = {{INRConvert|700|c|lk=on}}
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 3600
| parent = *[[Government of India]] (50%)
*[[Government of Karnataka]] (15%)
*[[Canara Bank]] (35%)
| divisions =
| subsidiaries =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Karnataka Gramin Bank''' was an Indian [[Regional rural bank|Regional Rural Bank]] (RRB) headquartered in [[Ballari|Ballari, Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Regional Rural Banks functioning in the country |url=https://financialservices.gov.in/beta/en/list-rrbs-functioning-country |access-date=2025-07-21 |publisher=Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, Government of India}}</ref> It was established on 4 January 2019 through the amalgamation of two Regional Rural Banks sponsored by [[Canara Bank]], as approved by the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Centre merges Karnataka Gramin Bank and Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/centre-merges-karnataka-gramin-bank-and-karnataka-vikas-grameena-bank/articleshow/109508745.cms |access-date=2025-07-21 |publisher=The Economic Times}}</ref> The bank operated under the regulatory framework of the ''Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976''.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Regional Rural Banks |url=https://financialservices.gov.in/beta/en/regional-rural-bank-page |access-date=2025-07-21 |publisher=Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, Government of India}}</ref> It functioned as a scheduled commercial bank serving rural and semi-urban areas across various districts of Karnataka.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |title=Regional Rural Banks |url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/AboutUsDisplay.aspx?pg=RegionalRuralBanks.htm |access-date=2025-07-21 |publisher=Reserve Bank of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of banks in India |url=https://rbi.org.in/commonman/english/scripts/banksinindia.aspx |access-date=2025-07-21 |publisher=Reserve Bank of India}}</ref>

==History==

The Ministry of Finance announced the amalgamation through Gazette Notification CG-DL-E-07042025-262329 dated 5 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://karnatakagraminbank.com/img/images/Gazette%20Notification%20of%20KAGB-KVGB.pdf|title=Gazette Notification of KAGB-KVGB|publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of India|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> Karnataka Gramin Bank (formerly Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank) and Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank merged effective 1 May 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/unified-karnataka-grameena-bank-to-come-into-existence-on-may-1/article69508962.ece|title=Unified Karnataka Grameena Bank to come into existence on May 1|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/centre-amalgamates-two-rrbs-in-karnataka/article69509273.ece|title=Centre amalgamates two RRBs in Karnataka|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/economy/karnataka-to-have-one-regional-rural-bank-after-centre-enforces-merger-3484668|title=Karnataka to have one regional rural bank after Centre enforces merger|publisher=Deccan Herald|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prajavani.net/district/dharwad/new-bank-dharwad-3268775|title=New Bank Dharwad|publisher=Prajavani|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>

The consolidation was implemented as part of the Government of India's "One State-One RRB" policy designed to improve operational efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://financialservices.gov.in/beta/sites/default/files/2024-09/ANNUAL-REPORT-DFS-2023-24.pdf|title=Annual Report 2023-24|publisher=Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance, Government of India|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/business/news/one-state-one-rrb-central-government-to-merge-43-banks-including-2-banks-in-karnataka/articleshow/120057445.cms|title=One State One RRB: Central government to merge 43 banks including 2 banks in Karnataka|publisher=Vijaya Karnataka|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasCirculardetails.aspx?id=12784|title=Branch Expansion Guidelines for Regional Rural Banks|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> Shreekant Bhandiwad, who previously served as Chairman of Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank, was appointed as the inaugural Chairman of the merged institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kvgbank.com/|title=Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank|publisher=Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> This consolidation represents part of the broader governmental strategy to enhance Regional Rural Bank operational effectiveness through systematic amalgamation.
===Merger and formation===
Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank was formed in 2013 through the merger of Pragathi Gramin Bank and Krishna Grameena Bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_ViewMasCirculardetails.aspx?id=12582|title=Master Circular on Regional Rural Banks|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank was constituted in 2005 after amalgamating four Regional Rural Banks under recommendations of banking sector reforms.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prajavani.net/business/commerce-news/rural-banks-merger-625344.html|title=Rural Banks Merger|publisher=Prajavani|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> Regional Rural Banks have evolved significantly since their inception in 1975, with consolidation becoming a key strategy for improving operational efficiency and financial viability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oldror.lbp.world/UploadedData/14160.pdf|title=Regional Rural Banks: Performance and Challenges|publisher=LBP Research|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> As of March 2024, there are 43 Regional Rural Banks operating across India, sponsored by 12 scheduled commercial banks.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.nabard.org/annual-report/empowering-rural-financial-institutions.html|title=Empowering Rural Financial Institutions|publisher=NABARD Annual Report|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> The government's consolidation strategy aims to merge these 43 banks into 28 entities for improved operational efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elplaw.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/The-Journey-of-Regional-Rural-Banks-in-India-Evolution-Towards-Consolidation.pdf|title=The Journey of Regional Rural Banks in India: Evolution Towards Consolidation|publisher=ELP Law|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>

==Operations==

Karnataka Gramin Bank maintains its headquarters in Ballari, Karnataka, and adheres to the standard Regional Rural Bank ownership structure involving the Government of India, Canara Bank, and the Karnataka state government as stakeholders. Regional Rural Banks operate under dual supervision from the Reserve Bank of India pursuant to the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development under Section 35(6) of the same legislation.<ref name="auto2"/> The institution provides comprehensive banking services encompassing deposit products, lending facilities, and payment systems. Karnataka Gramin Bank concentrates on delivering credit and banking facilities to small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers, artisans, and small entrepreneurs in rural areas.<ref name="auto"/>
===Branches and digitalization===
Karnataka Gramin Bank operates mobile banking applications including "KaGB Connect" and "DiGi KaGB" for instant account opening through selfie-based verification technology. The institution has implemented mobile ATM services to promote digitization initiatives in rural areas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/karnataka-gramin-bank-initiates-mobile-atms-to-push-digitisation-in-rural-areas20191107233704|title=Karnataka Gramin Bank initiates mobile ATMs to push digitisation in rural areas|publisher=ANI News|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> The bank's technology infrastructure encompasses 1,167 branches, with Wipro Limited providing comprehensive technology solutions including core banking systems to enhance digital banking capabilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/wipro-to-tech-ready-1167-branches-of-karnataka-gramin-bank/article31093899.ece|title=Wipro to tech-ready 1,167 branches of Karnataka Gramin Bank|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/wipro-deploys-core-banking-solutions-platform-for-karnataka-grameena-bank-120031701185_1.html|title=Wipro deploys core banking solutions platform for Karnataka Grameena Bank|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> Lending operations are conducted in accordance with Regional Rural Bank mandates, focusing on agriculture, rural development, and micro-enterprise financing.

==Performance==

Regional Rural Banks collectively operate 22,069 branches across India as of March 2024, serving over 31.3 crore deposit accounts and 3 crore loan accounts.<ref name="auto1"/> Regional Rural Banks in South India have demonstrated significant performance variations, with comparative studies highlighting the importance of operational efficiency and consolidation strategies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364108905|title=Comparative Study on Selected Regional Rural Banks of South India|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>

Karnataka Gramin Bank recorded a net profit of ₹14 crore in fiscal year 2020-21 and achieved a total business of ₹57,210 crore in fiscal year 2021-22.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/karnataka-gramin-bank-records-14-crore-net-profit-in-2020-21/article35085383.ece|title=Karnataka Gramin Bank records ₹14 crore net profit in 2020-21|publisher=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-gramin-bank-clocks-rs57210-crore-total-business-in-2021-22/article65527313.ece|title=Karnataka Gramin Bank clocks ₹57,210 crore total business in 2021-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref> The bank's total business grew to ₹61,203 crore in fiscal year 2022-23, demonstrating consistent growth in its operations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-gramin-bank-achieves-61203-crore-total-business-in-2022-23/article66893758.ece|title=Karnataka Gramin Bank achieves ₹61,203 crore total business in 2022-23|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>
===Bank growth===
Karnataka Gramin Bank's 2022-23 business growth of 7% exceeded the national Regional Rural Bank average of 5.2%.<ref name="auto1"/> The Government of India allocated ₹10,890 crore in recapitalisation assistance to Regional Rural Banks during fiscal years 2022 and 2023, intended to strengthen capital adequacy and operational capacity across the sector.<ref name="auto1"/> Contemporary rural banking trends indicate increasing emphasis on digital transformation and financial inclusion initiatives across India's Regional Rural Bank network.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/banking/rural-banks-drive-digital-transformation-to-boost-financial-inclusion-11647859200000.html|title=Rural banks drive digital transformation to boost financial inclusion|publisher=Mint|access-date=2025-07-21}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Regional rural banks of India]]

Sruti upanga

2025-11-26T16:58:57Z

DelorisQha: made new entry

[[File:Sruti upanga.jpg|right|250px|thumb|From C. R. Day, Plate XVI]]
The '''sruti upanga''' ("drone bagpipe", or '''bhazana-śruti''',<ref>Payer, Alois (1944 - ). ''[http://www.payer.de/karnatischemusik/karnatisch07.htm Musikinstrumente und Musikensemble]''. (Materialien zur karnatischen Musik). Fassung vom 2009-05-20.</ref> '''druthi''',<ref name="AssociationBritain)1894">{{cite book|author1=Day, C.R. |chapter=Notes on Indian Music |title=Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8w5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64 |year=1894 |publisher=Novello, Ewer, and Co. |location=London |pages=64–}}</ref> or '''nosbug'''<ref name="Edgerly1942">{{cite book|author=Beatrice Edgerly|title=From the hunter's bow: the history and romance of musical instruments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmkIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1942|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|page=169}}</ref>) is a type of bagpipe played in [[Tamil Nadu]], southern India.<ref name="Arnold2000">{{cite book|author=Alison Arnold|title=South Asia: the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA366|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=366–}}</ref> The instrument was often used to supply a drone to accompany ''[[mukha vina]]'' (Tamil [[oboe]]) music.<ref name="ŌñcēriBhalla1990">{{cite book|author1=Līlā Ōñcēri|author2=Deepti Omchery Bhalla|title=Studies in Indian music and allied arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3cHAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1990|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85067-60-5}}</ref>

The instrument was described by Charles Russel Day (1860-1900):

{{blockquote|The bagpipe here drawn is the Moshuq, or, as it is called in Southern India, Śruti-upanga or Bhazana-śruti. It is used merely as a drone; the holes in the pipe are wholly or partially stopped with wax so as to tune the instrument to the pitch desired. The bag is made of the skin of a kid and is inflated from the mouth by means of the smaller of the two pipes shown. The drone is of cane, mounted in a stock of the same material, and which contains the reed. An enlarged drawing of the reed has been given in the plate, in order better to show its construction, and, as can be seen, the vibrations are controlled by a little piece of wire or fine twine tied roughly round the tongue. The whole reed is in one piece and is generally made of small cane or of the large marsh reeds found almost everywhere. Black wax is used to make the instrument wind-tight.

The Moshuq of Northern India does not differ much in outward appearance from this, but contains a chanter, with the addition sometimes of a drone.<ref>Day, C. R. (Charles Russell). ''The music and musical instruments of southern India and the Deccan''. Novello, 1891, London & New York. Pages xvi, 173 S. : Ill. S. 151.</ref>}}

==Playing method==
Beatrice Edgerly notes in 1942, similar to Day, that the pitch of the instrument was controlled by inserting wire or bits of silk.<ref name="Edgerly1942"/>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[Mashak]], a Northern Indian bagpipe
*[[Titti (bagpipe)]], a bagpipe in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://shruthibox.com Online Shruti Box] Free Online Shruti box.

[[Category:Bagpipes]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]

Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst

2025-11-20T06:53:56Z

DelorisQha: quick expand details as per guidelines and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|British diplomat and Viceroy of India (1858–1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]] [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=|KG|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}}
| image = Charles Hardinge.jpg
| office1 = [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India]]
| term_start1 = 23 November 1910
| term_end1 = 4 April 1916
| monarch1 = [[George V]]
| predecessor1 = [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]]
| successor1 = [[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford|The Lord Chelmsford]]
| birth_date = {{birth-date|20 June 1858|}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death-date and age|2 August 1944|20 June 1858}}
| death_place = [[Penshurst]], Kent, England
| nationality = [[British people|British]]
| alma_mater = [[Trinity College, Cambridge]]
| spouse = [[Winifred Sturt, Baroness Hardinge of Penshurst|Winifred Sturt]] (m. 1890, died 1914)
| children = 3
| father = [[Charles Hardinge, 2nd Viscount Hardinge]]
}}

'''Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst''', (20 June 1858 – 2 August 1944) was a British diplomat and statesman who served as [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]] from 1910 to 1916.

==Background and education==

Hardinge was the second son of [[Charles Hardinge, 2nd Viscount Hardinge]], and the grandson of [[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge]], a former [[Governor-General of India]]. He was educated [[Cheam School]], [[Harrow School]] and at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]].<ref>photo at [http://www.harrowphotos.com Harrow Photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417093550/http://www.harrowphotos.com/ |date=17 April 2009 }} and cf [[List of Old Harrovians]]</ref><ref>{{acad|id=HRDN876C|name=Hardinge, the Hon. Charles}}</ref>

==Career==
[[File:An assassination attempt on Lord Charles Hardinge.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Delhi conspiracy case|1912 assassination attempt]] on Lord Hardinge.]]
[[File:Coronation Park, Delhi 53.JPG|thumb|left|Statue of Lord Hardinge at [[Coronation Park, Delhi]]]]
Hardinge entered the diplomatic service in 1880, and was attached to the embassy in [[Constantinople]], where he was private secretary to the ambassador [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Lord Dufferin]]. Afterwards he transferred successively to [[Berlin]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] (where he was acting chargé d′affairs) for a time), [[Sofia]] and Constantinople again. As chargé d′affairs in [[Bucharest]] he was involved in negotiating a treaty and a trade marks convention between the United Kingdom and the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. In 1893 he transferred to Paris, and in 1895 he was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]] (CB). He was appointed the first secretary at Tehran in 1896, and the first secretary at [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1898, when he was promoted over the heads of seventeen of his seniors. While in the [[Russian Empire]], he acted several times as [[chargé d'affaires]] in the ambassador's absence (including in late 1902). In early 1903, he was called back home and appointed Assistant Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs at the [[Foreign Office]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Foreign Office |date=24 January 1903 |page=11 |issue=36986}}</ref> He was appointed [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Russia|Ambassador to Russia]] in March 1904.<ref name=Debrett/>

In 1906 Hardinge was again recalled and promoted to the position of [[Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office]], where despite his own [[conservatism]], he worked closely with [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (UK)|Foreign Secretary]] [[Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon|Sir Edward Grey]]. In 1907, he declined the post of [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to the United States|Ambassador to the United States]]. In 1910, Hardinge was raised to the peerage as '''[[Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]]''', in the County of [[Kent]],<ref name="peerage" /> and appointed by the [[H. H. Asquith|Asquith]] government as [[Viceroy of India]].{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

[[File:Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, and Winifred Selina, née Sturt, Lady Hardinge of Penshurst.jpg|thumb|250px|Hardinge Bridge and his wife Winifred during his term as Viceroy of India, ca. 1910–1916.]]
His tenure was a memorable one and included the visit of [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] and the [[Delhi Durbar]] of 1911, as well as the move of the capital from [[Calcutta]] to [[New Delhi]] in 1911. Although Hardinge was the target [[Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy|of assassination attempts]] with bomb attacks by the Indian nationalists such as [[Rash Behari Bose]], [[Basanta Kumar Biswas]] and [[Sachindra Nath Sanyal|Sachin Sanyal]], his tenure included an improvement of relations between the British administration and the nationalists, as a consequence of the implementation of the [[Morley-Minto reforms]] of 1909, and of Hardinge's own admiration for [[Mohandas Gandhi]] and criticism of the [[Union of South Africa]]'s anti-Indian immigration policies.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}. Hardinge founded the [[Dhamrai Hardinge High School and College]] in 1914. The [[Hardinge Bridge|Hardinge Railway Bridge]], now in [[Bangladesh]], was constructed and inaugurated (1915) in his tenure.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-01|title=Iconic Hardinge Bridge: A tale of 138 years|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladesh-hardinge-bridge-padma-river-paksey-pabna-kushtia-bheramara-tale-138-years-1442014|access-date=2020-09-09|website=The Daily Star}}</ref> It has continued to serve a crucial a role in the country's railway network.

Hardinge's efforts paid off in 1914 during the [[First World War]]. Improved colonial relationships allowed Britain to deploy nearly all of the British troops in India as well as many native Indian troops to areas outside India. In particular, the [[British Indian Army]] played a significant (though initially mismanaged) role in the [[Mesopotamian campaign]].<ref>''Lord Hardinge and the Mesopotamia Expedition and Inquiry, 1914–1917''; '''Douglas Goold'''; ''The Historical Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4'' (Dec., 1976), pp. 919–945</ref>

In 1916, Hardinge returned to his former post in England as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office,<ref name=Debrett/> serving with [[Arthur Balfour]]. At the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] of 1919, he served as the [[British Empire delegation|British Empire Delegation]]'s Administrative Director Charged with the Internal Organization of the Missions Composing the Delegation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Documents - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv03/d1 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref> In 1920, he became ambassador to [[France]] before his retirement in 1922.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}

==Honours==
As well as the distinction of being awarded six British knighthoods, he also gained foreign awards:<ref name=Debrett/>
*[[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Knight of Grace of Order of St. John of Jerusalem]] in England.
*[[Legion of Honour|Grand officer in the Legion of Honour]], from France.
*[[Order of the Crown of Italy|Grand cross of the Crown of Italy]].
*[[Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa]], from Portugal.
*[[Order of the Redeemer]], from Greece.
*[[Order of Charles III]], from Spain.
*[[Order of St. Olav]], from Norway.
*[[Order of Alexander Nevsky]], from Russia.
*[[Order of the Dannebrog]], from Denmark.
*[[Order of Vasa]], from Sweden.

==Personal life==
[[File:HardingeFamily oxCart Mahubabad-Hyderabad(state) 1911.jpeg|thumb|250px|Hardinge family members in ox-cart in [[Hyderabad State]] (1911, attending the coronation of ''[[Asaf Jah VII]]'')]]

He married his first cousin [[Winifred Selina Sturt Hardinge|Winifred Selina Sturt]] on 17 April 1890, over the objections of her family, due to the couple's consanguinity<ref>for an explanation of this concept, see Alison Weir, Royal Genealogy (1989)</ref> and Hardinge's financial status.<ref>{{Cite ODNB |id=33703 |title=Hardinge, Charles, first Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (1858–1944) |first=Katherine |last=Prior |orig-year=2004 |date=January 2011}}</ref> She was the second daughter of Henry Gerard Sturt, first Baron Alington, by his first wife Lady Augusta Bingham, who was the first daughter of George Charles Bingham, third [[Earl of Lucan]]. The couple had a daughter, Diamond Hardinge (1900–1927), and two sons, Edward and [[Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Alexander]]<ref name=Debrett/> (1894–1960), who succeeded him as [[Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]].

The first Baron Hardinge of Penshurst is commemorated at [[St John the Baptist, Penshurst]]. His eldest son, The Hon. Edward Hardinge, died 18 December 1914, aged 22, from wounds while serving as a Lieutenant with the [[15th (The King's) Hussars]] in France. He was also the godson of [[Alexandra of Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/368316/hardinge,-the-hon.-edward-charles/|title = Casualty Details | CWGC}}</ref> Diamond Hardinge was a bridesmaid at the [[wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] on 3 May 1923.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/royalty/9176069/The-Queen-Mother-in-pictures.html?frame=2181538, ''Daily Telegraph'': royal wedding photograph]; accessed 28 March 2014.</ref>

==Styles and honours==
[[File:Shield of Arms of Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, KG, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, ISO, PC, DL.png|thumb|right|Shield of Arms of Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, KG, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO, ISO, PC, DL]]
Hardinge had the unusual distinction of being a non-royal recipient of six British knighthoods.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|title=Hardinge, Charles, first Baron Hardinge of Penshurst (1858–1944), diplomatist and viceroy of India|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-33703|access-date=2021-04-03|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33703|isbn=978-0-19-861412-8|last1=Prior|first1=Katherine}}</ref>

*June 1858 – July 1895: ''[[The Honourable]]'' Charles Hardinge
*July 1895 – April 1903: ''The Honourable'' Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|CB}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26639 |page=3740 |date=2 July 1895}}</ref>
*April 1903 – 7 March 1904: ''The Honourable'' Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|CB|CVO}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27560 |page=3524 |date=2 June 1903}}</ref>
*7–26 March 1904: ''[[The Right Honourable]]'' Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|CB|CVO}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27655 |page=1521 |date=8 March 1904}}</ref>
*26 March – 28 April 1904: ''The Right Honourable'' [[Sir]] Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCMG|CB|CVO}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27662 |page=2025 |date=29 March 1904}}</ref>
*28 April – 10 May 1904: ''[[Excellency|His Excellency]] The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCMG|CB|CVO}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27674 |page=2923 |date=6 May 1904}}</ref>
*10 May 1904 – 2 January 1905: ''His Excellency The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|KCMG|KCVO|CB}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27675 |page=3000 |date=10 May 1904}}</ref>
*2 January – 9 November 1905: ''His Excellency The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCMG|KCVO|CB}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27750 |page=22 |date=3 January 1905}}</ref>
*9 November 1905 – June 1906: ''The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCMG|GCVO|CB}}
*June 1906 – 23 June 1910: ''The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCMG|GCVO|CB|ISO}}<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27926 |supp=y|page=4462|date=29 June 1906}}</ref>
*23 June – 2 August 1910: ''The Right Honourable'' Sir Charles Hardinge {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCMG|GCVO|ISO}}<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28388 |supp=y |page=4476|date=24 June 1910 |display-supp=Supplement to the London Gazette Extraordinary}}</ref>
*2 August – 23 November 1910: ''The Right Honourable'' The [[Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge of Penshurst]] {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCMG|GCVO|ISO|PC}}<ref name="peerage">{{London Gazette|issue=28403|page=5581|date=2 August 1910}}</ref>
*23 November 1910 – 24 March 1916: ''His Excellency The Right Honourable'' The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}} Viceroy & Governor-General of India
*24 March – 4 April 1916: His Excellency ''The Right Honourable'' The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}} Viceroy & Governor-General of India<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29519|page=3175 |date=24 March 1916}}</ref>
*4 April 1916 – 27 November 1920: ''The Right Honourable'' The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}}
*27 November 1920 – 1 February 1923: ''His Excellency The Right Honourable'' the Lord Hardinge of Penshurst {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}} HM Ambassador Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary to the French Republic<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=32145|page=11794|date=30 November 1920}}</ref>
*1 February 1923 – 2 August 1944: ''The Right Honourable'' The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst {{postnominals|country=GBR|KG|GCB|GCSI|GCMG|GCIE|GCVO|ISO|PC}}

==Books written ==
* Old Diplomacy<ref>{{Cite book|title=Old Diplomacy; the Reminiscences of Lord Hardinge of Penshurst|first=Charles Hardin|last=Hardinge of Penshurst |publisher=Hassell Street Press|pages=312|isbn=978-1013702396 |year=2021}}</ref>
* My Indian Years covers (1910–16) <ref>{{Cite book|title=My Indian Years 1910-1916: the Reminiscences of Lord Hardinge of Penshurst| first=Lord| last=Hardinge of Penshurst |url= https://www.amazon.com/Indian-Years-1910-1916-Reminiscences-Penshurst/dp/B0000CQNVA |publisher=John Murray|pages=150|year=1948}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Delhi conspiracy case]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em|refs=<ref name=Debrett>{{ harv | Hesilrige | 1921 | page=444}}</ref>}}
[[File:Viceroy cabinet list from 1910-1915.jpg|thumb|Viceroy's Cabinet list from 1910 to 1915<ref>{{Cite book|last=Authority Of The Council|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284985|title=Indian Army List For January I -1913|date=1913}}</ref>]]

==Sources==
* {{cite book | author= Briton C. Busch |title=Hardinge of Penshurst: a study of the old diplomacy | url= https://archive.org/details/hardingeofpenshu0000busc | url-access= registration |place= Hamden, Conn. | publisher= Conference on British Studies and Indiana University at South Bend by Archon Books |year= 1980 |isbn=9780208018304 |author-link=Briton C. Busch }}
* {{cite book | author= Lord Hardinge of Penshurst | title=The Reminiscences of Lord Hardinge of Penshurst | place=London |year= 1947 }}
* {{cite book | first= Zara S. | last=Steiner | title=The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy 1898–1914 | url= https://archive.org/details/foreignofficefor0000stei | url-access= registration | place=Cambridge |year= 1969 | isbn=9780521076548 }}

=== Articles ===
*{{cite journal | title=Lord Hardinge and the Mesopotamia Expedition and Inquiry, 1914–1917 | first= Douglas| last= Goold | journal= The Historical Journal | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 919–945|year= 1976| ref= pp. 919–945 | doi= 10.1017/S0018246X00010773| s2cid= 162259136}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | last=Hesilrige | first=Arthur G. M. | date=1921 | title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy | url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/444 | location=160A, [[Fleet street]], [[London]], UK | publisher=[[Dean & Son]] | page=444 }}
* {{cite book | title=Lady Hardinge of Penshurst, C.I., vice-reine of India: A Tribute to her Memory | author=Manhar Kuvarbā, Maharani of Panna |year= 1916 |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7743203W/Lady_Hardinge_of_Penshurst_C.I._vice-reine_of_India }}
* [[Hardinge Bridge]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120617123955/http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/index986.htm Hardinge of Penshurst, Baron (UK, 1910), genealogy]
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-charles-hardinge-1 | Lord Hardinge of Penshurst }}
* {{PM20|FID=pe/007127}}
*[[doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U226448|Hardinge's entry]] at ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who's Who]]''

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box | before=[[Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|The Earl of Minto]] | title=[[Governor-General of India|Viceroy of India]] | years=1910–1916 | after=[[Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford|The Lord Chelmsford]] }}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box | before=[[Charles Stewart Scott]] | title=[[British Ambassador to Russia]] | years=1904–1906 | after=[[Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock|Sir Arthur Nicolson]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[Thomas Sanderson, 1st Baron Sanderson|The Lord Sanderson]] | title=[[Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office|Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs]] | years=1906–1910 | after=[[Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock|Sir Arthur Nicolson]] }}
{{succession box | before=[[Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock|Sir Arthur Nicolson]] | title=[[Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office|Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs]] | years=1916–1920 | after=[[Eyre Crowe]]}}
{{succession box|title=[[British Ambassador to France]]|before=[[Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby|The Earl of Derby]]|after=[[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|The Marquess of Crewe]]|years=1920–1922}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new | creation }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]]
| years = 1910–1944}}
{{s-aft | after = [[Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Alexander Hardinge]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{Viceroys of India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hardinge Of Penshurst, Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron}}
[[Category:Viceroys of India]]
[[Category:1910s in British India]]
[[Category:Members of HM Diplomatic Service]]
[[Category:1858 births]]
[[Category:1944 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Barons Hardinge of Penshurst|1]]
[[Category:Companions of the Imperial Service Order]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Kent]]
[[Category:Diplomatic peers]]
[[Category:Hardinge family|Charles]]
[[Category:Knights of the Garter]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Younger sons of viscounts]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to France]]
[[Category:Permanent under-secretaries of state for foreign affairs]]
[[Category:People from Penshurst]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Barons created by George V]]
[[Category:19th-century British diplomats]]
[[Category:20th-century British diplomats]]
[[Category:People educated at Harrow School]]
[[Category:People educated at Cheam School]]

Jagadeesh Kumar

2025-10-23T15:56:52Z

DelorisQha: Put Up New Biography With Sources

{{short description|Indian playback singer}}
{{no footnotes|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Jagadeesh Kumar
| image = Jagadeesh_Kumar_tamil_Playback_singer.jpg
| caption = Kumar at a recording studio
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1985|10|21}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| origin = Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = Playback singer
| instrument =
| years_active =
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}

'''Jagadeesh Kumar''' is an Indian playback singer. He was nominated for an [[Edison Awards (India)|Edison Award]] for Best Male Playback Singer in 2015 for the song "Silatta Pilatta" from the Tamil film ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2015-07-04 |title=Jagadeesh on song {{!}} Etcetera |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/tamil-cinema-tidbits/article7386634.ece |access-date=2022-03-16 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Jagadeesh Kumar started his music career at the age of 16. He graduated from [[Loyola College, Chennai]] with an M.A. in Media Arts and Visual Communication. He then joined [[KM Music Conservatory|K. M. Music Conservatory]] to improve his skills in Opera and Carnatic music.

== Career ==
Jagadeesh Kumar found a breakthrough after his work was recognised in the movie [[Sonna Puriyathu|''Sonnaa Puriyadhu'']] (2013) in which he sang the song "Kelu Maganae Kelu" and then in the horror comedy super hit film ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' (2015) for the song "Sillaatta Pillaata"'''.''' His recent work is for the Song "''I want to Marry''" for the upcoming movie, "''Charlie Chaplin 2''".

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Music director
!Co-artist(s)
|-
|2013
|''[[Sonna Puriyathu]]''
|"Kelu Magane Kelu"
|Yathish Mahadev
|
|-
|2015
|''[[Kanchana 2]]''
|"Silatta Pilatta"
|colspan='2'|[[C. Sathya]]
|-
|rowspan='3'|2016
|''[[Babu Bangaram|Selvi]]'' (dubbed)
|"Malligai Pandhale"
|[[Mohamaad Ghibran|Ghibran]]
|
|-
|''Bathiladi''
|"Thulludae"
|Thomas Rathnam
|
|-
|''[[Muthina Kathirika]]''
|"Summa Sollakoodathu"
|[[Siddharth Vipin]]
|
|-
|rowspan='3'|2017
|rowspan='2'|''[[Yaman (film)|Yaman]]''
|"Sigaram Chella"
|rowspan='2'|[[Vijay Antony]]
|Ranjith Unni, [[Velmurugan]], Ayappan
|-
|"Neeye Thaniyaai"
|
|-
|''[[Kodiveeran]]''
|"Ayyo Adi Aathe"
|[[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
|[[Vandana Srinivasan]]
|-
|2018
|''[[Junga (film)|Junga]]''
|"Amma Mela Sathiyam"
|[[Siddharth Vipin]]
|Pavithra Gokul
|-
|rowspan='6'|2019
|''[[Charlie Chaplin 2]]''
|"I Want to Marry You"
|[[Amresh Ganesh|Amresh]]
|Bhargavi
|-
|rowspan='4'|''[[Thirumanam (2019 film)|Thirumanam]]''
|"Aasaiyai Solla Ninaikkiren"
|rowspan='4'|[[Siddharth Vipin]]
|Priyanka, Dr. Narayanan, [[Sukanya]], [[M. S. Bhaskar]], [[Thambi Ramaiah]]
|-
| "Ethanai Kanavu Kandiruppom"
| Ranjith Unni, Aparna, Kamalaja, Swagatha, [[Siddharth Vipin]]
|-
| "Thedudhe Thedudhe"
| Kamalaja
|-
|"Varaamaley Vandhaley"
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [http://tamilsaga.com/english/cinemadetail/840.html Play back singer Jagadeesh Gets A Turning Point]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Jagadeesh}}
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian film score composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:1985 births]]

Vaidehi Parshurami

2025-10-17T20:48:38Z

DelorisQha: made new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vaidehi Parashurami
| image = VAIDEHI PARASHURAMI.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Vaidehi in 2016
| birth_name = {{Birth date and age|1992|02|01|df=y}}
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2010–present
| known_for = ''[[Simmba]]'' ''[[Vrundavan]]'' ''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]'' ''[[Zombivli]]''
| partner =
| children =
}}
'''Vaidehi Parashurami''' (born 1 February 1992)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2018-02-01|title=Vaidehi Parashurami birthday story|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/BOL-MB-IFTM-marathi-actress-vaidehi-parshurami-birthday-story-5803712-PHO.html/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref> is an Indian actress. She made her debut with [[Mahesh Kothare|Mahesh Kothare's]] movie ''Ved Lavi Jeeva'' in 2010 and Nominated [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vaidehi Parshurami movies, filmography, biography and songs - Cinestaan.com|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/vaidehi-parshurami-107542|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113101010/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/vaidehi-parshurami-107542|url-status=live|archive-date=13 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Cinestaan}}</ref> Parshurami won the [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress]] and the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi]] for playing a girl who is faced with a unique twist in her life as she expect the birth of quadruplets in the comedy-drama १२३४ एक दोन तीन चार (2024), in addition to that She also Nominated at [[Maharashtra State Film Awards|61st Maharashtra State Film Awards]] for Playing Juliet Who has a "no strings attached" rule for relationships in lighthearted Rom-Com ''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]'' (2023). Starring roles in Commercially Successful Marathi Movies Such as ''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]'' (2017), ''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]'' (2018), ''[[Zombivali]]'' (2022), and ''[[Lochya Zaala Re]]'' (2022) She became one of the top actress of Marathi cinema. She Was last seen on big Screen opposite [[Subodh Bhave]] and [[Sumeet Raghavan]] in Critically acclaimed Musical Romantic Film ''[[Sangeet Manapmaan]]'' (2025)

== Early life ==
Vaidehi was raised in [[Mumbai]]. She did her schooling from Indian Education Society's English Medium School located in [[Hindu colony]], [[Dadar]] East in [[Mumbai]]. She attended junior college at [[Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics]] in [[Mumbai]]. She holds a degree in [[Bachelor of Arts|B. A. with English literature]] from [[Ramnarain Ruia College]] & also completed her [[Bachelor of Laws|L. L. B.]] from New Law College, Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Did you know that Vaidehi Parashurami is a lawyer? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/did-you-know-that-vaidehi-parashurami-is-a-lawyer/articleshow/68043189.cms|access-date=2021-04-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She is also a trained classical kathak dancer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-01|title=Happy Birthday, Vaidehi Parshurami: Lesser known facts about the actress|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/happy-birthday-vaidehi-parshurami-lesser-known-facts-about-the-actress/photostory/80632121.cms|access-date=2021-02-03|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
She made her debut with ''Ved Lavi Jeeva'' opposite to [[Adinath Kothare]] in 2010. Later, she appeared in ''Kokanasatha''. In 2016, she did a role in ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]'' movie and also appeared in ''[[Vrundavan]]'' alongside [[Raqesh Bapat]] and [[Pooja Sawant]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}} She appeared in multistarrer film ''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]'' (2017). In 2018, she got big break in Bollywood with ''[[Simmba]]'' Movie as Aakruti Dave.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Vaidehi Parshurami Marathi Actress Biography Photos Pics Images Wiki Marriage Husband Age|url=https://megamarathi.com/marathi-actress/vaidehi-parshurami-marathi-actress-biography/|access-date=2021-01-09|website=MegaMarathi.Com|language=en-US}}</ref> She was seen in ''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]'' (2018) as Kanchan Ghanekar alongside [[Subodh Bhave]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-25|title=I thought Subodh dada was snobbish: Vaidehi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/i-thought-subodh-dada-was-snobbish-vaidehi/story-h3UQI5A7NaoZ0imbMfBYhO.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> She played Seema Joshi in the 2022 marathi film ''[[Zombivli]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=आता झोंबिवलीमध्ये होणार अनलॉक! काय आहे अमेय वाघच्या पोस्टमागचा अर्थ? amey wagh shared his upcoming movie poster name zombiwali starring lalit prabhakar and vaidehi parashurami mhjb {{!}} News - News18 Lokmat, Today's Latest Marathi News|url=https://lokmat.news18.com/entertainment/amey-wagh-shared-his-upcoming-movie-poster-name-zombiwali-starring-lalit-prabhakar-and-vaidehi-parashurami-mhjb-468193.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=News18 Lokmat}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#ffc;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Ref.
|-
|2010
|''Ved Lavi Jeeva''
|Rupali
| rowspan="3" |Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ved Lavi Jeeva (2010) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ved-lavi-jeeva-39140|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924001605/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/ved-lavi-jeeva-39140|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2021|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|''Kokanastha''
|Vidya Gokhale
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|''[[Vrundavan]]''
|Bhumi Inamdar
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
|Nina Dhar
|Hindi
|
|-
|2017
|''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited|FU : Friendship Unlimited]]''
| Revati
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=This Day That Year: Mayesh Manjrekar's 'F.U: Friendship Unlimited' completes three years - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/this-day-that-year-mayesh-manjrekars-f-u-friendship-unlimited-completes-three-years/articleshow/76156073.cms|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]''
|Kanchan Ghanekar
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Ani...Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar': Subodh Bhave is all praise for co-star Vaidehi Parshurami - Upcoming Marathi movies to look forward to|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/photofeatures/upcoming-marathi-movies-to-look-forward-to/ani-dr-kashinath-ghanekar-subodh-bhave-is-all-praise-for-co-star-vaidehi-parshurami/photostory/66445398.cms|access-date=2021-01-09|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Simmba]]''
|Aakruti Dave
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ही मराठी मुलगी हिरोइनलाही पडली भारी|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/photogallery/entertainment/actress-vaidehi-parshurami-who-seen-ranveer-singh-sister-aakruti-dave-in-simmba/photoshow/67435014.cms|access-date=2021-01-09|website=Maharashtra Times|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Zombivli]]''
|Seema Joshi
| rowspan="5" |Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive! Vaidehi Parshurami on 'Zombivli': I have seen zombies in Hollywood films but my encounter with them was very scary - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/exclusive-vaidehi-parshurami-on-zombivli-i-have-seen-zombies-in-hollywood-films-but-my-encounter-with-them-was-very-scary/articleshow/78681788.cms|access-date=2021-04-14|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lochya Zaala Re]]''
|Dimple/Pooja
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ankush Chaudhari, Vaidehi Parashurami and Siddharth Jadhav's 'Lochya Zala Re' to premiere on OTT from April 1 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ankush-chaudhari-vaidehi-parashurami-and-siddharth-jadhavs-lochya-zala-re-to-premiere-on-ott-from-april-1/articleshow/90535242.cms |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2023
|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|Juliet
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Jaggu Ani Juliet': Amey Wagh and Vaidehi Parashurami to come together for Mahesh Limaye's next - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/jaggu-ani-juliet-amey-wagh-and-vaidehi-parashurami-come-together-for-mahesh-limayes-next/articleshow/96564804.cms |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024
| ''1234''
|Sayali
| <ref>{{cite web |title=1234 Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} एक दोन तीन चार Movie {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/1234-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=31 May 2024 |date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Sangeet Manapmaan]]''
|Bhamini
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Sangeet Manapmaan Movie (2025): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} संगीत मानापमान {{!}} Exclusive 2024 |url=https://rangmarathi.com/manapmaan-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=13 October 2024 |date=12 October 2024}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Channel
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''
| rowspan="2" |Guest appearance
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Marathi (season 3)|Bigg Boss Marathi 3]]''
|[[Colors Marathi]]
|
|-
|2021-2022
|''[[Me Honar Superstar]]''
|Host
|[[Star Pravah]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Kitchen Kallakar]]''
|Contestant
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Marathi]]
|
|-
|''[[Fu Bai Fu (TV series)|Fu Bai Fu (Season 9)]]''
|Host
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=actress Vaidhi Parashurami's new innings, will soon be seen in a new role {{!}} मराठमोळी अभिनेत्री वैदही परशुरामीची नवी इनिंग, लवकरच दिसणार नव्या भूमिकेत {{!}} Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/television/actress-vaidhi-parashuramis-new-innings-will-soon-be-seen-in-a-new-role-a592/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Indian Police Force (TV series)|Indian Police Force]]''
|Nafisa Khan
|[[Amazon Prime]]
|
|}

== Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Awards
!Category
!Films
!Result
|-
|2011
|[[Zee Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''Ved Laavi Jeeva''
|{{Nom}}<ref>{{Citation |title=Zee Gaurav Awards 2011 March 13 '11 Part - 25 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92Rs2Gis86s |access-date=2023-05-24 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|Popular Face of the Year
|''[[FU: Friendship Unlimited]]''
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-24|title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon 2018 Winners' List: Vaidehi Parashurami, Swapnil Joshi, Mrunal Kulkarni Win Big|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-2018-winners-list-swapnil-joshi-mrunal-kulkarni-win-big|access-date=2021-04-14|website=ZEE5 News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|Radio City Cine Awards
|Best Actress
| rowspan="3" |''[[Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar]]''
|{{nom}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=Adgully|title=Radio City Cine Awards Marathi Season 2 crowns winners|url=https://www.adgully.com/radio-city-cine-awards-marathi-season-2-crowns-winners-83315.html|access-date=2021-04-14|website=www.adgully.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|Most Natural Performance of the Year
|{{Won}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-31|title=Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar 2019: Naal, Nude, Ani...Dr Kashinath Ghanekar Win Big|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-chitra-gaurav-puraskar-2019-naal-nude-ani-dr-kashinath-ghanekar-win-big|access-date=2021-04-14|website=ZEE5 News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|[[Zee Yuva|Zee Yuva Sanmaan]]
|Youthful Face of the Year
|{{won}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-10|title=सन्मान: अभिनेत्री वैदेही परशुरामी ठरली 'युवा तेजस्वी चेहरा', मराठीसोबतच हिंदी चित्रपटसृष्टीतही निर्माण केली आहे स्वतःची वेगळी ओळख|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/news/actress-vaidehi-parashurami-got-special-award-in-zee-yuva-sanmaan-127901665.html|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
| rowspan="2" |[[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]
|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Zombivli (2022 film)|Zombivli]]''
|{{Nom}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
|Popular Face of the Year
|{{Nom}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
|-
|[[9th Filmfare Awards Marathi|2025]]
|[[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Marathi|Best Actress]]
|Rowspan="2"|1234 एक दोन तीन चार
|{{Won}}
|-
|2025
|[[Zee Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|2023
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]
|{{Nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm7665715/ Vaidehi Parashurami] on [[IMDb]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parashurami, Vaidehi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:1992 births]]

Koshimbi

2025-09-20T08:07:40Z

DelorisQha: Put Up A Post From Scratch

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koshimbi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.3809648|N|73.2219811|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thane district|Thane]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhiwandi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 27
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1409
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 552618
| footnotes =
}}
'''Koshimbi''' is a village in the [[Thane district]] of Maharashtra, India. It is located in the [[Bhiwandi]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |accessdate=2015-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It lies on the [[Mumbai Nashik Expressway]].

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Koshimbi has 307 households with 1409 people (including 704 males and 705 females).<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |accessdate=2015-08-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002001310/http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |archivedate=2015-10-02 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhiwandi taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Bhiwandi taluka]]

Margaret Abbott

2025-09-16T20:33:42Z

DelorisQha: updated details

{{Short description|American golfer (1878–1955)}}
{{For|the New Zealand businesswoman|Margie Abbott}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Margaret Abbott
| image = Margaret Abbott Charles Dana Gibson (cropped).jpg
| alt = Pencil portrait
| caption = Portrait {{circa|1903}}{{Sfnp|Fuller|2018|p=113}}
| fullname = Margaret Ives Abbott
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|6|15}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], British Raj
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|6|10|1878|6|15}}
| death_place = [[Greenwich, Connecticut]], U.S.
| sporting_nationality = {{USA}}
| height = 5 ft 11 in{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}}
| status = Amateur
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Finley Peter Dunne]]|December 1902|April 24, 1936|end=d}}
| children = 4, including [[Philip Dunne (writer)|Philip]]
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Golf at the Summer Olympics|golf]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{USA}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Golf at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold |[[1900 Summer Olympics|1900 Paris]]|[[Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Women's individual|Individual]]}}
| show-medals = yes
}}

'''Margaret Ives Abbott''' (June 15, 1878 – June 10, 1955) was an American [[amateur golf]]er. She was the first American woman to win an Olympic event: the [[Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Women's individual|women's golf tournament]] at the [[1900 Summer Olympics]].

Born in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata), [[British Raj]], in 1878, Abbott moved with her family to Chicago in 1884. She joined the [[Chicago Golf Club]] in [[Wheaton, Illinois]], where she received coaching from [[Charles B. Macdonald]] and [[H. J. Whigham]]. In 1899, she traveled with her mother to Paris to study art. The following year, along with her mother, she signed up for a women's golf tournament without realizing that it was the second modern Olympics. Abbott won the tournament with a score of 47 [[Stroke play|strokes]]; her mother tied for seventh place. Abbott received a porcelain bowl as a prize.

In December 1902, she married the writer [[Finley Peter Dunne]]. They later moved to New York and had four children. Abbott died at the age of 76 in 1955, never realizing that she won an Olympic event. She was not well known until Paula Welch, a professor at the [[University of Florida]], researched her life. In 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published her belated obituary.

== Life and career ==
=== Early life ===
Margaret Ives Abbott was born on June 15, 1878, in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata), [[British Raj]], to Charles and [[Mary Abbott (golfer)|Mary Ives Abbott]]. Her father was a wealthy American merchant who died in 1879. Margaret, along with her mother and her siblings, moved to [[Boston]]. During her teenage years, her mother became literary editor of the ''[[Chicago Herald (1881–95)|Chicago Herald]]'' and the family moved to [[Chicago]] in 1884.{{Sfnmp|Fox|2018|Taylor|2021|Rumore|2021|4a1=Mallon|4a2=Jerris|4y=2011|4p=25}}

In the late nineteenth century, women were restricted from competing in various sports. Golf clubs allowed women to play only if they were accompanied by a man. Abbott, along with her mother, began playing golf at the [[Chicago Golf Club]] in [[Wheaton, Illinois|Wheaton]], a suburb of Chicago. She was coached by [[Amateur sports|amateur]] golfers [[Charles B. Macdonald]] and [[H. J. Whigham]]. Abbott and Macdonald partnered in an 1897 tournament at [[Washington Park (community area), Chicago|Washington Park]]. She won several local tournaments, and by 1899, she had a two [[Handicap (golf)|handicap]].{{Sfnmp|Fox|2018|Rumore|2021|Abbott|1900|Taylor|2021}} She was referred to as a "fierce competitor", and was known to have a "classy backswing".{{Sfnm|Welch|1982|p=753}} That same year, she and her mother traveled to Paris. Her mother researched and wrote a travel guide ''A Woman's Paris: A Handbook of Every-day Living in the French Capital'' (1900); Margaret studied art alongside [[Auguste Rodin]] and [[Edgar Degas]].{{Sfnmp|Fox|2018|Rumore|2021|Abbott|1900|Taylor|2021}}

=== Paris Olympics ===
{{Further|Golf at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Women's individual}}

[[File:Margaret Abbott golf event 1900 Olympic Games.png|thumb|Margaret Abbott plays in the 1900 Olympic Games women's golf event in Compiegne, France.]]

[[File:Margaret Abbott Chicago Tribune (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Article on Abbott's victory in the ''Chicago Tribune'',{{Sfnp|Barnard|1900}} October 7, 1900|alt=Refer to the caption]]

The [[1900 Summer Olympics]], hosted in Paris between May and October, was the second modern Olympics. [[Pierre de Coubertin]], the founder of the Olympics, initially planned the games for men only. In 1900, however, women were allowed to compete for the first time in five sports: golf, tennis, sailing, rowing and [[Equestrian at the Summer Olympics|equestrianism]].{{Sfnp|Taylor|2021}} Out of a total of 997 athletes, 22 were women.{{Sfnmp|Holmes|2016|Lieberman|2016}} The events lacked proper equipment,{{Sfnp|Holmes|2016}} did not have an opening or closing ceremony, and included sports like [[Tug of war at the 1900 Summer Olympics|tug of war]], [[Kite flying at the 1900 Summer Olympics|kite flying]], [[Ballooning at the 1900 Summer Olympics|hot air ballooning]], and [[Pigeon racing at the 1900 Summer Olympics|pigeon racing]].{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}} Two golf events were scheduled—one for men and one for women.{{Sfnp|Mallon|1998|p=129}} The women's event was held over 9 holes ranging in distance from {{Convert|59|m|yd|abbr=off|sp=us}} to {{Convert|195|m|yd|abbr=off|sp=us}} from the [[ladies' tees]]; the men's was a 36-hole event.{{Sfnp|Mallon|1998}} Titled "{{Lang|FR|Prix de la ville de Compiègne}}",{{Sfnp|Olympics}} the women's event took place on October 3 in [[Compiègne]], about {{Convert|30|mi|km|sp=us}} north of Paris.{{Sfnp|Mallon|1998|pages=129, 131}}

The Olympics coincided with the [[1900 Paris Exposition]], and many believed that it was overshadowed by the latter.{{Sfnmp|Fox|2018|Holmes|2016|3a1=Costa|3a2=Guthrie|3y=1994|3p=124}} ''Golf Illustrated'' referred to the event as the competition "in connection with the Paris Exhibition".{{Sfnp|Golf Illustrated|1900|p=28}} The golf tournament was billed as the "Exposition Competition" or "Paris World's Fair Competition" instead of being referred to as an Olympic event.{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}} Olympics historian [[Bill Mallon]] later said: "A lot of the events in 1900 were considered demonstration sports. It's very hard to tell what was an Olympics sport and what was not." According to Mallon, many athletes did not know that they were participating in the Olympics.{{Sfnmp|1a1=Fox|1y=2018|2a1=Mallon|2y=1998|2p=129}}

Abbott learned about the tournament from a newspaper notice. Taking a break from her studies, she decided to sign up for the event.{{Sfnp|''Encyclopædia Britannica''|2006}} She won with a score of 47 [[Stroke play|strokes]].{{Sfnp|Barnard|1900}} [[Pauline Whittier]] was the runner-up, with 49 strokes, while [[Abbie Pratt]] finished 3rd with 53 strokes.{{Sfnp|Barnard|1900}} Mary Abbott also participated in the event and tied for seventh place with a score of 65.{{Sfnp|Mallon|1998}} All ten competitors played in long skirts and hats.{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}} According to [[Philip Dunne (writer)|Philip Dunne]], his mother would later tell her family she won the tournament "because all the French girls apparently misunderstood the nature of the game scheduled that day and turned up to play in high heels and tight skirts".{{Sfnp|Welch|1982|p=754}}

For her victory Abbott was awarded an old [[Meissen porcelain|Saxon porcelain]] bowl mounted in chiseled gold.{{Sfnp|Barnard|1900}} The winners of some events at the Paris games [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|were awarded]] rectangular gold, silver, and bronze medals designed by French sculptor [[Frédéric-Charles-Victor de Vernon|Frédéric Vernon]].{{Sfnp|Paris 1900 Medals}} No medals were awarded for many other events, including golf, with prizes instead being cups, bowls, and other similar trophies.{{Sfnp|Mallon|1998|p=9}} Abbott's victory was reported in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''.{{Sfnp|Barnard|1900}}

=== Later life ===
[[File:Margaret Abbott in 1902.jpg|thumb|Abbott in the ''Chicago Tribune'', November 28, 1902]]

Abbott stayed in Paris and won a French championship before returning to America in 1901.{{Sfnmp|1a1=Fox|1y=2018|2a1=Rumore|2y=2021}} She married the writer [[Finley Peter Dunne]] on December 9, 1902. According to the ''Chicago Tribune'', although the wedding ceremony "was celebrated as quietly and with as little display as possible", they received telegrams from "dozens of{{nbsp}}[...] literary lights", including Sir [[Arthur Conan Doyle]].{{Sfnp|Rumore|2021}} The couple later settled in New York City.{{Sfnmp|1a1=Fox|1y=2018|2a1=Rumore|2y=2021}} They had four children, including [[Philip Dunne (writer)|Philip Dunne]].{{Sfnp|Ellis|1969|p=260}} Abbott did not compete in many tournaments due to a knee injury caused by a childhood accident.{{Sfnp|Welch|1982|p=754}} Records of Abbott's ties to the Chicago Golf Club were destroyed in the 1912 clubhouse fire.{{Sfnp|Welch|1982|p=754}} Abbott died at the age of 76 on June 10, 1955,{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}} in [[Greenwich, Connecticut]], five days before she would have turned 77.{{Sfnp|Taylor|2021}}

== Legacy ==
Abbott never realized that she participated in and became the first American woman to win an Olympic event.{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}} She was not well known until Paula Welch, a professor at the [[University of Florida]] and a member of the Olympics Board of Directors, researched her life during the 1970s when she first saw Abbott mentioned as an Olympic champion in 1973. Welch spent a decade examining newspaper articles that mentioned Abbott's successes in various golfing competitions.{{Sfnmp|Holmes|2016|2a1=Welch|2y=1982|2p=752}} In the mid-1980s, she contacted Philip, Abbott's son, informing him about his mother's Olympic victory.{{Sfnmp|1a1=Fox|1y=2018|2a1=Holmes|2y=2016}} Analyzing the reasons for her obscurity, Welch said: "We didn't have the coverage that we have today{{nbsp}}[...] She came back. She got married. She raised her family. She played some golf, but she didn't really pursue it in tournaments."{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}}

Writing for ''[[Golf Digest]]'' in 1984, Philip wrote: "It's not every day that you learn your mother was an Olympic champion, 80-odd years after the fact. The champion herself had told us only that she had won the golf championship of Paris."{{Sfnmp|Olympics|2021|USOPM}} In 1996, Abbott was the featured athlete of the 1900 Olympics in the official [[1996 Summer Olympics|Olympics program of the Atlanta games]].{{Sfnp|University of Florida|1996}} After 1904, golf was not included in the Olympic Games until the [[2016 Summer Olympics]].{{Sfnp|Lieberman|2016}} In 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' published her belated obituary.{{Sfnp|Fox|2018}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Works cited ==
=== Online sources ===
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Margaret Abbott: A Study Break |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Study-Break-1367944 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |date=January 19, 2006 |ref={{sfnRef|''Encyclopædia Britannica''|2006}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |date=March 8, 2018 |title=Margaret Abbott: The First American Woman to Win an Olympic Championship. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-margaret-abbott.html |url-access=limited |access-date=May 11, 2022}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Holmes |first=Tao Tao |date=August 10, 2016 |title=The First American Woman to Win an Olympic Championship Didn't Even Know It |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-first-american-woman-to-win-an-olympic-championship-didnt-even-know-it |magazine=[[Atlas Obscura]] |oclc=960889351 |access-date=May 11, 2022}}
* {{Cite web |last=Lieberman |first=Stuart |date=March 21, 2016 |title=Margaret Abbott Aced Team USA's First Women's Olympic Gold Medal and Didn't Know It |url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/March/21/Margaret-Abbott-Aced-Team-USAs-First-Womens-Olympic-Gold-Medal-And-Didnt-Know-It |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324084347/http://www.teamusa.org/News/2016/March/21/Margaret-Abbott-Aced-Team-USAs-First-Womens-Olympic-Gold-Medal-And-Didnt-Know-It |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |publisher=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee]]}}
* {{Cite web |title=Margaret Ives Abbott |url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/margaret-ives-abbott#b2p-athlete-olympic-results |access-date=May 11, 2022 |publisher=[[Olympic Games]] |ref={{sfnRef|Olympics}}}}
* {{Cite web |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Margaret Abbott, the Olympic Golf Champion Who Died Without Knowing It |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/margaret-abbott-the-olympic-golf-champion-who-died-without-knowing-it |publisher=[[Olympic Games]] |access-date=May 12, 2022 |ref={{sfnRef|Olympics|2021}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Olympic Games Paris 1900 — Medal Design |url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/medal-design |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=August 12, 2021 |ref={{sfnRef|Paris 1900 Medals}}}}
* {{Cite news |last=Rumore |first=Kori |date=August 4, 2021 |title=Chicago Golfer Margaret Abbott was the 1st American Woman to Win a Gold Medal at the Olympics – But She Never Knew it. Here's Why. |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/olympics/ct-olympics-margaret-abbott-gold-medal-20210803-wyk535vvtbewdespssz7tep55q-story.html |access-date=May 11, 2022}}
* {{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Katie |date=2021 |title=Margaret Ives Abbott |url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/margaret-ives-abbott |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623142456/https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/margaret-ives-abbott |archive-date=June 23, 2022 |access-date=May 11, 2022 |publisher=[[National Women's History Museum]]}}
* {{Cite web |title=An Unknowing Historymaker: Margaret Abbott was the First American Female to be an Olympic Champion |date=March 7, 2020 |url=https://usopm.org/an-unknowing-historymaker-margaret-abbott-was-the-first-american-female-to-be-an-olympic-champion/ |access-date=May 12, 2022 |publisher=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum]] |ref={{sfnRef|USOPM}}}}
* {{Cite news |date=July 9, 1996 |title=Recognizing First U.S. Women's Champion Is A Step In The Right Direction |publisher=[[University of Florida]] |url=https://news.ufl.edu/archive/1996/07/recognizing-first-us-womens-champion-is-a-step-in-the-right-direction.html |access-date=July 27, 2022 |ref={{sfnRef|University of Florida|1996}}}}
{{Refend}}

=== Print sources ===
{{Refbegin|2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Abbott |first=Mary |url=https://archive.org/details/awomansparisaha00abbogoog/page/n5/mode/2up?view=theater |title=A Woman's Paris: A Handbook of Every-day Living in the French Capital |publisher=[[Small, Maynard & Company]] |year=1900 |via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Barnard |first=C. I. |date=October 6, 1900 |title=Wins Women's Golf Cup. — Miss Margaret Abbott Leads Play Near Paris. |page=9 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-wins-womens-golf-cup/126492128/ |work=Chicago Tribune |place=Paris |publication-place=Chicago |access-date=June 16, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
* {{Cite news |date=July 25, 1984 |title=Playing Dress-Up Hurt Athletes in 1900 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-playing-dress-up-h/126492793/ |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=June 16, 2023 |ref={{sfnRef|''Los Angeles Times''|1984}}}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/womensportinterd0000unse |title=Women and Sport: Interdisciplinary Perspectives |publisher=Human Kinetics |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-87322-686-8 |editor-last=Costa |editor-first=D. Margaret |editor-last2=Guthrie |editor-first2=Sharon Ruth |via=the [[Internet Archive]] |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Elmer |title=Mr. Dooley's America: A Life of Finley Peter Dunne |publisher=Archon Books |year=1969 |orig-year=1941 |isbn=978-0-208-00734-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mrdooleysamerica0000elli |via=the [[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Emery |first=Lynne |date=1984 |title=Women's Participation in the Olympic Games: A Historical Perspective |journal=[[Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance]] |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=62–72 |doi=10.1080/07303084.1984.10629768}}
* {{Cite book |last=Fuller |first=Linda K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1dxDwAAQBAJ |title=Female Olympian and Paralympian Events: Analyses, Backgrounds, and Timelines |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-319-76792-5 |via=[[Google Books]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mallon |first=Bill |url=https://archive.org/details/1900olympicgames00mall |title=The 1900 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-7864-8952-7 |url-access=registration |access-date=June 11, 2022 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Mallon |first1=Bill |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5d71iha1Q-YC |title=Historical Dictionary of Golf |last2=Jerris |first2=Randon |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8108-7465-7 |via=[[Google Books]]}}
* {{Cite magazine |magazine=Golf Illustrated |publication-place=London |date=October 12, 1900 |volume=6 |number=70 |pages=28–29 |title=International Tournament at Compiègne |ref={{sfnRef|Golf Illustrated|1900}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoQXAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA28 |via=[[Google Books]]}}
* {{Cite book |last=Warner |first=Patricia Campbell |title=When the Girls Came Out to Play: The Birth of American Sportswear |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55849-548-7 |chapter=Part One: The Influence of Fashion. Chapter 5, Women Enter the Olympics: A Sleeker Swimsuit |chapter-url=https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=umpress_wtg}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Welch |first=Paula |year=1982|title=Search for Margaret Abbott |url=http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1982/ore182/ORE182s.pdf |journal=Olympic Review |volume=182 |pages=752–754 |access-date=March 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912053406/http://library.la84.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1982/ore182/ORE182s.pdf |archive-date=September 12, 2016 |url-status=dead}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Sports links}}
*{{Commons-inline}}

{{Footer Olympic Champions Golf Women Individual}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Sports|border=n}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abbott, Margaret}}
[[Category:American female golfers]]
[[Category:Amateur golfers]]
[[Category:Golfers at the 1900 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in golf]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Golfers from Chicago]]
[[Category:American expatriates in British India]]
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1955 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American sportswomen]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportswomen]]

Tandur Redgram

2025-07-12T18:01:19Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|Type of Pigeon pea variety from Telangana, India}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Tandur Redgram (తాండూరు కందిపప్పు)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| alternative names = Tandur Kandi Pappu, Togari Pappu, and Tur Dall
| description = Pigeon pea variety cultivated in Telangana, India
| type = Pigeon pea
| area = Tandur taluka
| country = [[India]]
| registered = 6 December 2022
| material =
| official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/706|ipindia.gov.in}}}}

'''Tandur Redgram''' is an important traditional crop variety of [[pigeon pea]] cultivated in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Telangana]].<ref name=":15" /> Tandur Redgram is primarily grown in the [[Tandur|Tandur taluka]] situated on the banks of [[Kagna River]] in [[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad]] district along with the neighboring districts of [[Narayanpet district|Narayanpet]], [[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]], and [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kurmanath |first1=K. V. |title=Tandur red gram gets GI tag |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/tandur-red-gram-gets-gi-tag/article66266203.ece |work=BusinessLine |date=15 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=India |first1=The Hans |title=Karnataka enters into border row with Telangana |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2018-12-21/Karnataka-enters-into-border-row-with-Telangana/462298 |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=www.thehansindia.com |date=21 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Under its [[Geographical Indications in India|Geographical Indication]] tag, it is referred to as "'Tandur Redgram".<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam's Gamosa, Telangana's Tandur Redgram, Ladakh's apricot get GI tag; Total number rises to 432 - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/assams-gamosa-telanganas-tandur-redgram-ladakhs-apricot-get-gi-tag-total-number-rises-to-432-15423491.htm |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=CNBCTV18 |date=14 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Name==
Tandur Redgram is a prized agricultural produce in the Tandur taluka and so named after it. Tandur Redgram is locally renowned by various names, including Tandur Kandi Pappu, Togari Pappu, and Tur Dall.<ref>{{cite news |title=Agriculture varsity seeks GI tag for Tandur tur dal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/agri-varsity-seeks-gi-tag-for-tandur-tur-dal/articleshow/78393699.cms |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=30 September 2020}}</ref>

==Description==
Tandur Redgram, a local, significant cash crop and staple food for the local community in the Tandur taluka of Telangana, India. It's a rainfed crop, ideally suited for drought-prone areas, and rich in protein, making it a valuable supplement to traditional cereals.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana's Tandur red gram gets GI tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-tandur-red-gram-gets-gi-tag/article66264136.ece |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=14 December 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

The crop has cultural significance, with farmers singing traditional folklore songs about Tandur Redgram, passing down the knowledge through generations. Notably, farmers in the region use negligible amounts of chemical herbicides, and the crop thrives in the fertile deep black soils rich in nutrients, especially Potassium and Calcium.<ref>{{cite news |title=Telangana farmers wait for red gram board a year after receiving GI tag |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/telangana-farmers-wait-for-red-gram-board-a-year-after-receiving-gi-tag-123111700408_1.html |access-date=18 January 2025 |agency=Business-Standard}}</ref> Overall, Tandur Redgram plays a crucial role in the economic, nutritional, and cultural well-being of the farming community in Telangana.

==Geographical indication==
It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]], under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]], on 6 December 2022.<ref name=":15">{{cite web |title=Tandur Redgram |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/706 |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=Tandur Red Gram gets GI tag |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2022/Dec/14/tandur-red-gram-gets-gi-tag-2528270.html |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |date=14 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

Yalal Farmers Producer Company Limited from [[Vikarabad]], proposed the GI registration of 'Tandur Redgram'.<ref>{{cite news |title=GI tag certificate for Tandur red gram handed over to Yalal FPO |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/gi-tag-certificate-for-tandur-red-gram-handed-over-to-yalal-fpo/article66454402.ece |work=The Hindu |date=31 January 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> After filing the application in September 2020, the Pigeon pea was granted the GI tag in 2022 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name "Tandur Redgram" exclusive to the Pigeon pea cultivated in the region. It thus became the first pigeon pea variety from Telangana and the 17th type of goods from Telangana to earn the GI tag.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tandur redgram secures GI tag in Telangana |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/tandur-redgram-secures-gi-tag-in-telangana/articleshow/96238032.cms |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=15 December 2022}}</ref>

The GI tag protects the Tandur Redgram from illegal selling and marketing, and gives it legal protection and a unique identity.

==See also==
* [[Navapur Tur Dal]]
* [[Borsuri Tur Dal]]
* [[Gulbarga Tur Dal]]
* [[Uttarakhand Pahari Toor Dal]]
* [[Attappady Thuvara]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Telangana cuisine]]
[[Category:Economy of Telangana]]
[[Category:GI Tagged Pigeon pea varieties of India]]
[[Category:Agriculture in Telangana]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Telangana]]

Case Toh Banta Hai

2025-02-28T20:43:42Z

DelorisQha:

{{Short description|Indian Hindi language family-friendly sketch comedy show}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| name =
| camera = Multi camera
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|07|29|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|10|27|df=y}}
| channel = [[Amazon (company)|Amazon miniTV]]
| company = Banijay Productions
| runtime = 35–40 minutes
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| list_episodes =
| num_episodes = 14
| num_seasons = 1
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| presenter =
| starring = {{ubl|
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]]
* [[Varun Sharma]]
* [[Kusha Kapila]]
* [[Kavin Dave]]
* Paritosh Tripathi
* [[Gopal Datt]]
* Monica Murthy
* [[Sanket Bhosale]]
* [[Sugandha Mishra]]
* [[Siddharth Sagar]]
}}
| director =
| creator =
| genre = [[Comedy]]
| related =
}}
'''''Case Toh Banta Hai''''' is an Indian Hindi language family-friendly sketch [[comedy show]] based in a courtroom setting.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kareena Kapoor channels her inner Geet in hilarious video with Varun Sharma. Watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kareena-kapoor-channels-her-inner-geet-in-hilarious-video-with-varun-sharma-watch-8100064/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=19 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The show revolves around the concept of charging a few selected big-time [[Bollywood]] celebrities, with funny and "Atrangi"<ref>{{cite news |title=Varun Dhawan takes on the atrangi ilzaams as first celebrity guest on Case Toh Banta Hai |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/varun-dhawan-takes-on-the-atrangi-ilzaams-as-first-celebrity-guest-on-case-toh-banta-hai-10976771.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=29 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref> allegations and summoning them to the comedy courtroom. Airing on [[Amazon (company)|Amazon miniTV]], which is a free streaming platform - available on the Amazon Shopping App.<ref>{{cite news |title=Case Toh Banta Hai: Anil Kapoor hilariously reveals his two films flopped when he shaved off his moustache |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/case-toh-banta-hai-anil-kapoor-hilariously-reveals-his-two-films-flopped-when-he-shaved-his-moustache-1172416 |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[PINKVILLA]] |date=5 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Concept==
This weekly show features a courtroom setup where one [[Bollywood]] celebrity is summoned every week and tried for all the "Atrangi" and funny allegations they are charged with. Like an actual courtroom, the show has a defense lawyer to help the celebrity walk away clean and a prosecuting lawyer to prove them guilty of all the charges pressed. A judge to give a verdict. A bailiff to stand behind the judge. And a handful of witnesses to shed light on the incidents relating to the allegations. All of this comes with a twist of comedic and "Atrangi" arguments.{{fact|date=November 2023}}

==Cast==
===Main cast===
* [[Riteish Deshmukh]] as Prosecuting Lawyer aka Janta Ka Lawyer<ref>{{cite news |title=Riteish Deshmukh on Case Toh Banta Hai, his bond with Varun Sharma, Kusha Kapila and more |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/riteish-deshmukh-on-case-toh-banta-hai-his-bond-with-varun-sharma-kusha-kapila-and-more-10956081.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=26 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Varun Sharma]] as Defense Lawyer aka Bollywood Insaaf Specialist<ref>{{cite news |title=Case Toh Banta Hai trailer: Karan Johar, Kareena Kapoor, Sara Ali Khan face hilarious accusations |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/case-toh-banta-hai-trailer-riteish-deshmukh-karan-johar-kareena-kapoor-sara-ali-khan-8036547/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kusha Kapila]] as The Judge aka The Judge That Won’t Budge
* [[Kavin Dave]] as Bailiff aka Dande Waale Bhaiya

===Recurring cast===
* Paritosh Tripathi as Witness
* [[Gopal Datt]] as Witness
* Monica Murthy as Witness
* [[Sanket Bhosale]] as Witness
* [[Sugandha Mishra]] as Witness
* [[Siddharth Sagar]] as Witness

==List of celebrities appeared on the show==
* [[Varun Dhawan]] ― 29 July 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=When Varun Dhawan was scolded by his father David Dhawan in front of the entire crew: 'Naazuk bachche ko lag gayi' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/when-varun-dhawan-was-scolded-by-his-father-david-dhawan-in-front-of-the-entire-crew-8058466/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=29 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Anil Kapoor]] ― 5 August 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=Anil Kapoor on being told he even looks fitter than his yoga trainers: 'Nahi, ek safed baal hai mera' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/anil-kapoor-reacts-to-being-told-he-even-looks-fitter-than-his-yoga-trainers-101659518382471.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=3 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Vicky Kaushal]] ― 12 August 2022<ref>{{cite news |title='Gaaliyo ki zaroorat nahi padti...': Here's how Vicky Kaushal deals with... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/gaaliyo-ki-zaroorat-nahi-padti-heres-how-vicky-kaushal-deals-with-problem-makers-2496256.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]] ― 19 August 2022<ref>{{cite news |title=Kareena Kapoor claims her character Geet increased the Indian Railways revenue after Jab We Met - details inside |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kareena-kapoor-claims-her-character-geet-increased-the-indian-railways-revenue-after-jab-we-met-details-inside-article-93669813 |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] ― 25 August 2022<ref name="CTBH">{{cite news |title=KJo, Vicky, Kareena to appear on Riteish Deshmukh's 'Case Toh Banta Hai' |url=https://www.siasat.com/kjo-vicky-kareena-to-appear-on-riteish-deshmukhs-case-toh-banta-hai-2385018/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=The Siasat Daily |date=7 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Sara Ali Khan]] ― 1 September 2022<ref name=CTBH/>
* [[Karan Johar]] ― 8 September 2022<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hungama |first1=Bollywood |title=Case Toh Banta Hai: Karan Johar gets summoned for revealing celeb secrets; asked to fight these 'atrangi' accusations : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/case-toh-banta-hai-karan-johar-gets-summoned-revealing-celeb-secrets-asked-fight-atrangi-accusations/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=30 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Pankaj Tripathi]] ― 15 September 2022<ref name="Case">{{cite news |title=Case Toh Banta Hai new lineup revealed, Sanjay Dutt, Vicky Kaushal get summons |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2022/aug/06/case-toh-banta-hai-new-lineup-revealed-sanjay-dutt-vicky-kaushal-get-summons-33489.html |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Shetty]] ― 22 September 2022
* [[Sonakshi Sinha]] ― 29 September 2022
* [[Abhishek Bachchan]] ― 6 October 2022
* [[Ananya Panday]] and [[Chunky Panday]] - 13 October 2022
* [[Sanjay Dutt]] - 20 October 2022
* [[Shahid Kapoor]] - 27 October 2022

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt21308854}}
* [https://www.amazon.in/minitv/tp/0b360d8d-80e2-437d-98d3-b77487f2c0ff Official website]

[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Hindi comedy shows]]
[[Category:Indian television sketch shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]

Itihaas (TV series)

2025-01-28T14:08:14Z

DelorisQha:

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Itihaas TV series.png
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| creator = Nirmala Sood
| based_on =
| developer = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| story = [[Ekta Kapoor]] Vinod Ranganath
| screenplay = Vinod Ranganath '''Dialogues''' B. R. Ishara
| director = Gogi Anand
| creative_director = Monisha Singh
| starring = [[#Cast|see below]]
| composer = Lalit Sen
| theme_music_composer = Nawab Arzoo
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 488
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Ekta Kapoor]] [[Shobha Kapoor]]
| editor = Dharmesh Shah Dheerendra Singh
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Single-camera]]
| runtime = 24 minutes
| company = [[Balaji Telefilms]]
| channel = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|1996|5|6}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|1998|9|17}}
}}

'''''Itihaas''''' is an Indian [[drama series]] created by Nirmala Sood and co-produced by [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Shobha Kapoor]] under their banner [[Balaji Telefilms]]. The series premiered in 1996 on [[DD National]].<ref>[https://www.scoop.it/topic/optiondee/p/4091151515/2017/12/20/kasam-tv-serial-doordarshan-dd-national-optiondee-com Itihaas on DD National]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/media/story/19970728-creation-of-day-time-tv-viewing-slot-rakes-in-the-big-bucks-830414-1997-07-28 | title=Creation of day-time TV viewing slot rakes in the big bucks|publisher=India Today|first=Namrata|last=Joshi|date=28 July 1997|accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref>

==Plot==
Ambika is the princess of a royal family who seeks justice for her husband's death. The series revolves around two generations of the royal family and explores greed, dishonesty and murder that often accompany the lust for the throne. How Ambika succeeds in her crusade against all odds forms the crux of the story.<ref>[https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLL_cmOQQ1Wn08tnsQkyYIKrtpMEg-EeZn Episodes List: Itihaas on YouTube]</ref>

== Cast ==
* Joan David as Shivani / Rajkumari Ambika and Aliza
* [[Priya Tendulkar]] as Sunita, sister of Shivani
* [[Prabha Sinha]] as Sheetal, sister of Shivani
* [[Smita Bansal]] as Padmini: Shivani's daughter
* [[Poonam Narula]] as Mona, daughter of Sunita
* [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] as Mukul
* [[Arun Bali]] as Sheetal's husband
* [[Benjamin Gilani]] as Sunita's husband
* [[Savita Prabhune]] as Taiji
* Nandita Puri
* Atul Srivastava
* [[Lalit Tiwari]]
* [[Pratima Kazmi]]
* [[Shishir Sharma]]
* [[Anupam Shyam]]
* [[Vineet Kumar]]
* [[Anant Jog]]
* Atul Srivastav
* Rinku Karmarkar
* Gautam Chaturvedi
* Kiran Karmarkar
* Anil Chowdhary
* Narendra Jha
* Asha Bachani
* Baani Prasanna
* Charlie
* Dinesh Sahdeo
* [[Jayati Bhatia]]
* Kapil Konark
* Kenneth Desai
* Kanwar Jagdish
* Rajesh Tandon
* Manoj Pandey
* Meenakshi Gupta
* Meenakshi Verma
* Nirmal Bhavnani
* Prashant Bhatt
* Pramod Kapoor
* Pradeep Nishit
* Seema Kapoor as Rohan's Wife (1997)
* Pinky Kapoor
* Rinku Dhawan
* Akhil Ghai
* Manoj Pandey
* Narendra Gupta
* Anita Kulkarni

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title| tt6421022 }}
* [http://balajitelefilms.com/serial.php?id=8 Official Website]

{{DD National Shows}}
{{Balaji Telefilms}}

[[Category:Balaji Telefilms television series]]
[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:1996 Indian television series debuts]]

Wall Tax Road, Chennai

2024-10-10T14:06:00Z

DelorisQha: made data

{{Short description|Street in Chennai, India}}
{{Infobox street
|marker_image=
|name=V. O. C. Salai
|native_name= {{native name|ta|வ. உ. சி. சாலை}}
|alternate_name= Wall Tax Road
|maint= [[Corporation of Chennai]]
|image=
|map=
|length_mi=
|length_round=
|length_ref=
|length_notes=
|established=
|decommissioned=
|direction_a=South
|terminus_a=Poonamallee High Road—[[Chennai Central]] junction at [[Park Town, Chennai]]
|junction=
|direction_b=North
|terminus_b=
|coordinates=
|counties=
|cities=
|system=
}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
'''Wall Tax Road''', also known officially as '''V. O. C. Salai''', is a road in [[Chennai]], [[India]], adjacent to the [[Chennai Central|Chennai Central railway station]]. The road runs parallel to the railway tracks of the station and borders George Town on the west. The eastern entrance of the terminus lies on the road.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Chennai Central stn on alert after intel warns of 'attack'
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 May 2010
| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-19/chennai/28288665_1_railway-station-death-anniversary-railway-protection-force
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130103125831/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-19/chennai/28288665_1_railway-station-death-anniversary-railway-protection-force
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 January 2013
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 25 Nov 2012}}</ref> The road is named after the wall built as a protective measure by the British in 1772–1773, which still remains partially.

==History==
[[File:Plan of Fort St George and the City of Madras 1726.jpg|400px|thumb|Plan of Fort St George and the city of Madras in 1726.]]
After being under the French control for a brief period from 1746 to 1748, the city of Madras was returned to the British following the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)|Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]].<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11186/Treaty-of-Aix-la-Chapelle Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]</ref><ref>Sosin, Jack M., "Louisburg and the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748," ''[[William and Mary Quarterly|The William and Mary Quarterly]].'' Third Series, Vol. 14, No. 4 (October 1957): 516–535</ref> Soon after the treaty, the British began planning to strengthen [[Fort St. George]] and its protective Esplanade. The attacks by [[Hyder Ali]] in 1767 catalysed the process, which resulted in the building of a protective wall around the new Black Town, including the neighbourhoods such as Muthialpettah and Peddunaickenpettah (parts of the present-day [[Georgetown, Chennai|George Town]]), located at the northern and western sides of the Fort.<ref>{{cite book|title=A history of the British army, Volume 3|first=John William|last=Fortescue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GlKAAAAYAAJ&q=cornwallis+medows+mysore&pg=PA546|publisher=Macmillan|year=1902|pages=431–432}}</ref> The Black Town Wall, as it was known then, was conceived by the company's chief engineer John Call<ref name="Hindu_GardenAtopHistoricWall">{{cite news
| last = Muthiah
| first = S.
| title = Garden atop a historic wall
| location = Chennai
| date = 26 March 2001
| url = http://www.hindu.com/2001/03/26/stories/13261287.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120924131849/http://hindu.com/2001/03/26/stories/13261287.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 24 September 2012
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 11 Nov 2012}}</ref> and completed in 1772 by [[Paul Benfield]],<ref name=DNB>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Benfield, Paul}}</ref> a contractor with the British government bidding about {{INR}} 500,000. With the Fort to the south and the sea to the east, the wall with 17 [[bastion]]s ran for about 3.5 miles.<ref name="Hindu_GardenAtopHistoricWall"/><ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow">{{cite news
| last = Keerthana
| first = R.
| title = Walltax Road, then and now
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 13 May 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3404337.ece?css=print
| access-date = 11 Nov 2012}}</ref> Some of the remnants of the bastions, in which debtors and prisoners were believed to have been confined, are still found along Old Jail Road. The wall also had several gates, including Pully, Boatmen's, Trivatore, Ennore, Elephant, Chuckler's and Hospital gates. However, only one of them, the Elephant Gate, which was then used to load and unload goods transported in trams, remains today.<ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow"/> During the 1782 war with [[Hyder Ali]], with the exception of [[Monegar Choultry]], all buildings near the wall were destroyed by the government.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Parthasarathy
| first = Anusha
| title = A roof for the roofless
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 18 September 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/a-roof-for-the-roofless/article3910812.ece
| access-date = 11 Nov 2012}}</ref>

The wall originally ran from [[Buckingham Canal|Cochrane Canal]] on the northern side, now known as the Buckingham Canal, to the junction of Poonamalle High Road and Madras Central railway station on the southern side. The outer side of the wall had provisions measuring about 600 yards for setting up a clear field for fire in the event of a future attack,<ref name="TOI_ChennaiHigh">{{cite news
| last = TNN
| title = Chennai High: Where history beckons
| location = Chennai
| date = 27 August 2010
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Chennai-High-Where-history-beckons/articleshow/6442396.cms
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130216064603/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-27/chennai/28292743_1_pillars-fort-st-george-madras
| url-status = live
| archive-date = 16 February 2013
| newspaper = [[The Times of India]]
| access-date = 19 Jan 2013}}</ref><ref name="Hindu_MadrasCliveLocations"/> which was later developed into [[People's Park, Chennai|People's Park]] and a railway goods shed named [[Salt Cotaurs]] in 1859. A mini-fort with gun emplacements was built at the sea-end side of the wall, and the fort was named Clive Battery, after Edward Clive, governor of Madras from 1799 to 1803, which was later demolished to build a flyover connecting Royapuram and Rajaji Salai.<ref name="Hindu_MadrasCliveLocations">{{cite news
| last = Muthiah
| first = S.
| title = Madras' Clive locations
| location = Chennai
| date = 2 March 2009
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/02/stories/2009030251080400.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090321093105/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/03/02/stories/2009030251080400.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 21 March 2009
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 11 Nov 2012}}</ref> A 50-feet road was built on the inner side of the wall to facilitate connectivity.<ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow"/> When the road was completed, the government decided to impose the cost of the newly laid road on the public in the form of tax, but the people refused to pay it. Thus, the tax was never collected.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Nightingale
| first = Carl H.
| title = Segregation: A Global History of Divided Cities
| publisher = University of Chicago Press
| year = 2012
| pages = 67
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yjojqbqlfswC&q=%22Black+Town+Wall%22&pg=PA67
| isbn = 978-0-226-58074-6
}}</ref> This eventually lead to the road acquiring its name.<ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow"/>

==The present-day road==
Over the years, the area has been dominated by business community such as Chettiars, Naickers and North Indian community. The road remained the entertainment hub of pre-Independence era. There were three theatres on the road, namely, Otrai Vadai, Empress and Padmanabha. None of these is existent, with the closure of the last one, the Padmanabha theatre, in 2007.<ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow"/>

Today, the road remains partly commercial and partly residential. Commercial activities in and around the road include parcel services, hotels and lodges. There are several streets branching from the road and all enjoy similar business activities. Mint Street, which housed mint in the early 19th century, houses the government printing press. The road is also known for its prominence in bamboo products such as baskets, mats and other artefacts, a commercial activity established on the road since [[Partition of India|Independence]]. The Andhra Pradesh bus stand, which had been used by buses to [[Andhra Pradesh]] before the opening of [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]], is located opposite to Padmanabha Theatre and has now been converted into a government park. A sardine market, operating since the 1960s, is located at the Old Jail Road junction at the end of the road. However, it has been reduced in size over the years, especially after the closure of the Andhra Pradesh bus terminus.<ref name="Hindu_WalltaxRoadThenAndNow"/>

Walltax Road (now, V.O.C. Salai), which is adjacent to the Central Railway Station, runs parallel to railway tracks and flanks Georgetown on the west. The history of the road dates back to 18th Century. The wall, which one sees partially now, was instituted as a protective measure by the English in 1772–73. The French occupied the City from 1746 to 1749. When British got back the City, it began plans to strengthen the Fort. When Hyder Ali attacked the neighborhoods in 1767, the British made serious plans to protect the New Black Town (Muthialpettah and Peddunaickenpettah) and thus plans for a protective wall was laid out. The wall, called ‘Black Town Wall,' ran for three-and-half-miles and had 17 bastions. It was completed by Paul Benfield in 1772.

The wall ran from Cochrane Canal on north to Poonamalle High Road- Central Station junction on the south. On the outer side of the walls, a vast space of six hundred yards was provided to set up a clear field for fire. In 1859, it was converted into People's Park and Salt Cotaurs. The walls had gates, some of which were Pully Gate, Boatmen's Gate, Trivatore Gate, Ennore Gate, Elephant Gate, Chuckler's Gate and Hospital Gate. Elephant Gate, which remains till today, was then used for loading and unloading of goods carried in trams.

On the other side of the wall, a 50-feet road was built to facilitate connectivity. The cost of which was imposed on the people. People protested to the tax and it was never collected. The Road probably acquired the name from these instances. It is said that the debtor and prisoners were confined in the bastions, some of the remnants of which was still found on the Old Jail Road.

This historically significant Road is now besieged by commercial activities housing parcel services, lodges, hotels and the branching streets bristling with business. Yet, it has some of the remains intact and significant streets serving new purposes.

The Mint Street, one of the most happening places in Georgetown, housed Mint in early years of 19th Century. The unit which was used to produce gunpowder was transformed into a Mint for which the work began in 1804. The building was completed in 1807, but the mint machineries were made available only in 1841. Now, the building is converted into Government printing press and is being used for the print requirements of the Government.

After the Sepoy Mutiny, The British offered thanksgiving to God by building Memorial Hall in South Mint Street in 1860.

Georgetown has the pride of having seen the first of the earlier temples of the City.

Kandaswamy Temple was built in 1670 by Beri Chettiars on Rasappa Chetty Street. (There is also a record saying that the temple belonged to the 11{+t} {+h} Century). The temple is dedicated to Lord Siva and bears some rich inscriptions of the era. The shrines contained in the temple are those of Kadaswamy, Siva, Vishnu and Brahma. It is said that social reformer Ramalinga Adigalar sang ‘Deivamanimalai' in this temple. In 1930, a grand Kumbabhishekam was held after which it became an annual affair drawing lot of crowd.

One cannot but miss the sight of bamboo vendors on Walltax Road who make bamboo mats, baskets and other artefacts on the platform. They have been doing business in Georgetown for more than 60 years. The fourth generation vendors were shifted from Flower Bazaar 40 years ago to Walltax Road. Recently, they have been asked to vacate from Walltax Road by the Chennai Corporation as a measure to remove encroachment.

The Andhra Pradesh Bus Stand located diagonally opposite to Padmanabha Theatre is now turned into Walltax Road Depot. Buses used to ply Andhra Pradesh until the coming of CMBT.

The Sardine Market, more than 50- years-old, located at the end of Walltax Road and the Old Jail Road junction, has been reduced in size over the years. After the closure of Andhra Pradesh Bus Stand, the market is seeing a slow business and the vendors have shifted to Koyembedu.

As was mentioned in the previous article, Walltax Road was the entertainment hub of those years. Out of the three theatres, Otrai Vadai, Empress and Padmanabha, the later remained intact until recently. It was closed five years ago. Walltax Road is partly residential and partly commercial. The area has been dominated by business community such as Chettiars, Naickers and North Indian community. The branching streets are doing brisk business in various products. It is said that in earlier days, Chettiars used to sell gold kept in heaps on the road on Mint Street. Now the street sells almost all products. Elephant Gate Street specialises in dress materials, Nainiappan Naicken Street in jewellery, Kasi Chetty Street and Narayana Mudali Street in electronics goods, toys and other foreign goods and Rasappa Chetty in hardware.

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[History of Chennai]]
* [[George Town, Chennai|George Town]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Roads of Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Transport in Chennai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

[[Category:Roads in Chennai]]
[[Category:Streets of George Town, Chennai]]

Jafrabad, Murshidabad

2024-09-25T04:55:23Z

DelorisQha: Put Up The Entry With Sources

{{other uses|Jafarabad (disambiguation){{!}}Jafarabad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jafrabad
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.6621|N|87.9465|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Murshidabad district|Murshidabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 3.0495
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 12
| population_total = 28,332
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03485
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 742149
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Dakshin]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Samserganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Samserganj]]
| website = {{URL|murshidbad.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jafrabad''' is a [[census town]] and [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Samserganj (community development block)|Samserganj]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Jangipur subdivision]] of the [[Murshidabad district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

== Geography ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=500| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|24|42|0|N|87|59|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Jangipur subdivision, Murshidabad district (including Farakka, Samserganj, Suti II CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility Abbreviation- TPS: Thermal Power Station Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|24|48|4|N|87|53|50|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= Srimantapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Srimantapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|47|33|N|87|54|51|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Benia Gram| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Benia Gram]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|48|30|N|87|54|39|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3= Farakka Barrage |labela3= Township| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Farakka Barrage Township]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|24|43|21|N|87|56|3|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Arjunpur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Arjunpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|24|42|49|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Sibnagar| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Sibnagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|24|41|55|N|87|55|10|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Mamrejpur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Mamrejpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|24|42|16|N|87|56|17|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Pranpara| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Pranpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|41|21|N|87|55|41|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Mahadeb Nagar| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Mahadeb Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|24|40|40|N|87|56|34|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Anup Nagar| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Anup Nagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|40|13|N|87|56|47|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jafrabad| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=Jafrabad, Murshidabad (CT)|shape-color10=black| label-size10=13|label-color10=black 
|mark-coord11={{coord|24|39|45|N|87|57|30|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Kankuria| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[Kankuria]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|34|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Uttar Mahammadpur| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[Uttar Mahammadpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Chachanda| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[Chachanda]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|24|38|35|N|87|58|50|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Dhusaripara| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[Dhusaripara]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|0|50|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Serpur| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[Serpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|24|38|38|N|87|58|6|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Kohetpur| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[Kohetpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|24|38|20|N|87|55|31|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Bhasaipaikar| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=[[Bhasaipaikar]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|39|20|N|87|57|40|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= Jaykrishnapur| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[Jaykrishnapur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|24|39|0|N|87|58|4|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Basudebpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[Basudebpur]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|24|38|10|N|88|1|30|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Jagtaj| numbered20=CT| mark-title20=[[Jagtaj]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|24|37|34|N|88|1|17|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Debipur| numbered21=CT| mark-title21=[[Debipur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|1|25|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Aurangabad| numbered22=CT| mark-title22=[[Aurangabad, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|24|37|50|N|87|58|30|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Mahendrapur| numbered23=CT| mark-title23=[[Mahendrapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|24|37|50|N|88|1|0|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Hafania| numbered24=CT| mark-title24=[[Hafania]] (CT)
|mark-coord25={{coord|24|38|15|N|87|58|40|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Dafahat| numbered25=CT| mark-title25=[[Dafahat]] (CT)
|mark-coord26={{coord|24|36|15|N|88|2|35|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Paschim Punropara| numbered26=CT| mark-title26=[[Paschim Punropara]] (CT)
|mark-coord27={{coord|24|34|49|N|88|2|57|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Ichhlampur| numbered27=CT| mark-title27=[[Ichhlampur]] (CT)
|mark-coord28={{coord|24|35|50|N|88|2|50|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Chakmeghoan| numbered28=CT| mark-title28=[[Chakmeghoan]] (CT)
|mark-coord29={{coord|24|35|20|N|88|3|0|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29=Kakramari| numbered29=CT| mark-title29=[[Kakramari]] (CT)
|mark-coord30={{coord|24|34|52|N|88|2|19|E}} | label-pos30=left|label30=Khanpur| numbered30=CT| mark-title30=[[Khanpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord31={{coord|24|36|32|N|88|1|40|E}} | label-pos31=left|label31=Khidirpur| numbered31=CT| mark-title31=[[Khidirpur, Murshidabad]] (CT)
|mark-coord32={{coord|24|36|0|N|88|1|9|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32=Bhabki| numbered32=CT| mark-title32=[[Bhabki]] (CT)
|mark-coord33={{coord|24|41|0|N|87|57|14|E}} | label-pos33=right|label33= Dhuliyan| numbered33=M| mark-title33=[[Dhuliyan]] (M) | shape-color33= #800000
|mark-coord34={{coord|24|48|16|N|87|55|59|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Farakka Barrage| numbered34=F| mark-title34= [[Farakka Barrage]] (F) |shape-color34=#967117
|mark-coord35={{coord|24|46|21|N|87|53|39|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Farakka Super TPS| numbered35=F| mark-title35= [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] (F) |shape-color35=#967117
|mark-coord36={{coord|24|47|25|N|87|54|15|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Farakka| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Farakka]] (R) |shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|24|35|21|N|88|0|33|E}} | label-pos37=left|label37= Mahesail| numbered37=R| mark-title37= [[Mahesail]] (R) |shape-color37=#C40000
|mark-coord38={{coord|24|39|44|N|87|58|10|E}} | label-pos38=right|label38= Nimtita| numbered38=R| mark-title38= [[Nimtita]] (R) |shape-color38=#C40000
|mark-coord39={{coord|24|37|0|N|88|2|0|E}} | label-pos39=right|label39= Suti| numbered39=R| mark-title39= [[Suti]] (R) |shape-color39=#C40000
|mark-coord40={{coord|24|46|45|N|87|54|37|E}} | label-pos40=right|label40= Nabarun| numbered40=R| mark-title40= [[Nabarun]] (R) |shape-color40=#C40000
|mark-coord41={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|56|40|E}} | label41= Ganges River| label-color41 = #77A1CB| label-angle41= 85| label-pos41=right| label-size41=10| mark-size41=0| mark-title41 =none
|mark-coord42={{coord|24|38|20|N|88|3|10|E}} | label42= Padma River| label-color42 = #77A1CB| label-angle42= 45| label-pos42=right| label-size42=10| mark-size42=0| mark-title42 =none
|mark-coord43={{coord|24|46|0|N|87|54|10|E}} | label43= Farakka | labela43 = Feeder Canal| label-color43 = #77A1CB| label-angle43= 85| label-pos43=right| label-size43=10| mark-size43=0| mark-title43 =none
|mark-coord44={{coord|24|40|55|N|87|55|52|E}} | label-pos44=left|label44= Tarapur| numbered44=R| mark-title44= [[Tarapur, Murshidabad]] (R) |shape-color44=#C40000
|arc-coordA={{coord|24|46|0|N|88|5|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=50| arc-gapA=5.5| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|24|34|30|N|87|53|0|E}}|arc-textB= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-120| arc-gapB=5.5| arc-radiusB=0.35}}

===Location===
Jafrabad is located at {{coord|24.6621|N|87.9465|E|display=inline}}.

According to the map of Samserganj CD block in the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'', [[Anup Nagar]], Jafrabad, [[Kankuria]], [[Kohetpur]], [[Jaykrishnapur, Murshidabad|Jaykrishnapur]], [[Uttar Mahammadpur]], [[Chachanda]], [[Basudebpur]] and [[Dhusaripara]] form a series of census towns from [[Dhuliyan]], a municipal town.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Page 157, Map of Samserganj CD block| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 1 July 2021}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Jangipur subdivision is crowded with 52 [[census towns]] and as such it had to be presented in two location maps. One of the maps can be seen alongside. The subdivision is located in the [[Rarh region]] that is spread over from adjoining [[Santhal Pargana division]] of [[Jharkhand]]. The land is slightly higher in altitude than the surrounding plains and is gently undulating.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Murshidabad, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Physiography, Page 13 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | title= Murshidabad | work= Geography | publisher= Murshidabad district authorities | access-date= 24 July 2017 | archive-date= 29 August 2017 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170829154116/http://murshidabad.gov.in/About.aspx#2 | url-status= dead }}</ref> The river [[Ganges]], along with its distributaries, is prominent in both the maps. At the head of the subdivision is the 2,245 m long [[Farakka Barrage]], one of the largest projects of its kind in the country.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://fbp.gov.in/ | title = Farakka Barrage Project | publisher = FBP | access-date = 12 September 2017}}</ref> Murshidabad district shares with Bangladesh a porous international border which is notoriously crime prone (partly shown in this map).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://edgeofhumanity.com/2020/12/27/child-labor-illnesses-lost-childhoods-indias-tobacco-industry/ |title = Child labour, illness & lost childhoods, India’s tobacco industry |publisher= Edge of Humanity Magazine, 27 December 2020| access-date = 13 July 2021}}</ref> The subdivision has two large power plants - the 2,100 MW [[Farakka Super Thermal Power Station]] and the 1,600 MW [[Sagardighi Thermal Power Station]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal-based-power-stations/farakka | title= Power Generation | work= Farakka | publisher= NTPC | access-date= 7 August 2016 | archive-date= 30 October 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161030030445/http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal-based-power-stations/farakka | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | title = The West Bengal Power Development Corporation Limited | work = Sagardighi Thermal Power Project | publisher = WBPDCL | access-date = 15 August 2017 | archive-date = 23 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115439/http://www.wbpdcl.co.in/wbpdcl/sagardighipowerstation.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> According to a 2016 report, there are around 1,000,000 (1 million/ ten lakh) workers engaged in the [[beedi]] industry in Jangipur subdivision. 90% are home-based and 70% of the home-based workers are women.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/28080/6/06_chapter%201.pdf| title = Child workers in household industry: a study of beedi industry in Murshidabad district of West Bengal | first= Sunirmal| last= Kar| work = Viswa Bharati University thesis, page 5 | publisher = Shodhganga | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thestatesman.com/features/the-poor-man-s-cigarette-1485045757.html | title = The ‘Poor man’s cigarette’ | work = Gurvinder Singh | publisher = The Statesman, 22 January 2017 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Beedi-workers-of-Jangipur-hold-key/article16588097.ece#! | title = Beedi workers of Jangipur hold key | work = Indrani Dutta | publisher = The Hindu, 1 May 2009 | access-date = 28 August 2017}}</ref> As of 2013, an estimated 2.4 million people reside along the banks of the [[Ganges]] alone in Murshidabad district. [[River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts|Severe erosion]] occurs along the banks.<ref name="erosion1">{{cite web | url = http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | title = Types and sources of floods in Murshidabad, West Bengal | work = Swati Mollah | publisher = Indian Journal of Applied Research, February 2013 | access-date = 5 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170820073737/http://gangawaterway.in/assets/7-murshidabad.pdf | archive-date = 20 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Note: The two maps present some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the maps are linked in the larger full screen maps.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jafrabad had a total population of 28,332, of which 14,253 (50%) were males and 14,079 (50%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 5,709. The total number of literate persons in Jafrabad was 14,604 (64.55% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Murshidabad, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 313872, page 26-27|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 28 June 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Murshidabad'', 2011, Jafarabad covered an area of 3.0495 km2. had 2 km roads with closed drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, hand pump, tube well/ borewell. It had 570 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities it had 1 veterinary hospital. Among the educational facilities, it had 5 primary school, 2 middle schools, 1 secondary school. It produced [[beedi]]. It had the branch office of 1 nationalised bank, 1 private commercial bank, 1 cooperative bank.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1907_PART_A_DCHB_MURSHIDABAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Murshidabad, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 981-987: Statement I: Growth History, Pages 990-993: Statement III: Civic & Other Amenities, Pages 993-995: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 995-1001 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities; Pages 1001- 1002: Statement VI: Industry & Banking | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 26 June 2021}}</ref>

== Healthcare ==
Samserganj CD block is one of the areas of Murshidabad district where ground water is affected by a high level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. The maximum concentration in Samserganj CD block is 287 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Murshidabad| access-date = 4 August 2017| archive-date = 22 July 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722092741/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb1.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Murshidabad District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Murshidabad district]]