https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=DelmarTroianoBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-17T15:37:22ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duniya_Vijay&diff=497839Duniya Vijay2026-05-08T02:22:33Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new post and citations</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor (born 1974)}}<br />
{{Lead too short|date=December 2022}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Vijaya Kumar<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = B. Rudrappa Vijay Kumar<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|01|20}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Anekal|Kumbaranahalli]], [[Karnataka]], India<br />
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|film director}}<br />
| spouse = {{marriage|Nagarathna|1999}}<br />
| partner = Keerthi Pattadi<br />
| children = 3<br />
| years_active = 2004–present<br />
| relatives = [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] (nephew)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/duniya-vijay-backs-nephew-yogesh-in-sidlingu-2-song-unveiling/articleshow/118156339.cms|title=Duniya Vijay Backs Nephew Yogesh in Sidlingu 2 Song Unveiling|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''B. Rudrappa Vijay Kumar''', professionally known as '''Duniya Vijay''' and '''Duniya Viji''', is an Indian actor and film director known for his work in [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada films]]. As an actor, he began his career playing small roles until he got his big break in ''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]'' (2007) for which he won his first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor - Kannada|Filmfare Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Newcomers rule box office|url= http://www.indiaglitz.com/newcomers-rule-box-office-kannada-news-32612|work= Indiaglitz.com|access-date= 27 March 2016|archive-date= 23 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150123025542/https://www.indiaglitz.com/newcomers-rule-box-office-kannada-news-32612|url-status= live}}</ref> He is the recipient of two [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], one [[Karnataka State Film Awards|Karnataka State Film Award]] and [[SIIMA Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIIMA winners list 2024 (Telugu, Kannada): Nani, Rakshit Shetty win Best Actor; Keerthy, Chaithra wins Best Actress |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/siima-2023-winners-jr-ntr-wins-best-actor-award-for-rrr-rishab-shettys-kantara-wins-101694837099476.html |access-date=15 September 2024 |website=News18 India |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127094030/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/siima-2023-winners-jr-ntr-wins-best-actor-award-for-rrr-rishab-shettys-kantara-wins-101694837099476.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
He is noted for his performances in ''[[Chanda (2007 film)|Chanda]]'' (2007), ''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]'' (2009), ''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]'' (2011), ''[[Jayammana Maga]]'' (2013), ''[[Maasthi Gudi]]'' (2017), ''[[Salaga (film)|Salaga]]'' (2021), and ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]'' (2024).<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
Vijay began his career in films with a role in [[Yograj Bhat]]'s ''[[Ranga SSLC]]'' with [[Sudeep]]. He then appeared in ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]'', ''[[Jogi (2005 film)|Jogi]]'', ''[[Shree (2006 film)|Shree]]'' and ''[[Ee Rajeev Gandhi Alla]]'', and also accepted roles in television.<ref name="T"/><br />
<br />
The turning point in Vijay's career came with his friend [[Duniya Soori|Soori]]'s directorial debut ''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]''. Vijay was cast as a kind, naive village boy who falls into the hands of underworld goons who use him as a henchman. His acting won him positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/26ssdun.htm | title=Duniya is refreshingly original | access-date=3 November 2022 | archive-date=3 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103081249/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/feb/26ssdun.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> Vijay went on to win the State and Filmfare awards for his role in the film.<br />
<br />
[[File:Ravi Srivatsaa with Duniya Vijay.jpg|thumb|right|Vijay, film director [[Ravi Srivatsa]] (right)]]<br />
<br />
In 2007, Vijay appeared in ''[[Yuga (2007 film)|Yuga]]'', ''[[Chanda (2007 film)|Chanda]]'' and ''[[Geleya]]''. ''Yuga'' is an action-oriented film that is similar to ''Duniya'' but it was not a box-office success. Vijay took a supporting role in ''Geleya'' when [[Prakash Rai]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/nostalgia-trip-mungaru-male-completes-nine-years|title=Duniya Vijay in Geleya|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-date=4 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404193029/http://www.ytalkies.com/sandalwood-film-news/nostalgia-trip-mungaru-male-completes-nine-years|url-status=dead}}</ref> suddenly left the film.<br />
<br />
In ''Chanda'', which was directed by [[S. Narayan]], who had supposedly agreed with Vijay to release the film six weeks after ''Yuga'' to avoid a clash. Narayan did not keep this promise, for which Vijay refused to dub for the film. The matter was settled with the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce (KFCC), which imposed a year-long ban on Vijay.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vijay/20071102.htm | title=Duniya's Vijay suspended | access-date=3 November 2022 | archive-date=3 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082428/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/vijay/20071102.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> After the intervention of KFCC elders, the ban was revoked and Vijay was eligible to work on other movies. ''Chanda'' was a commercial success at the box office, and especially at [[B&C]] centres.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}<br />
<br />
Vijay did a semi-art film ''[[Avva (film)|Avva]]'' for [[Kavita Lankesh]] at the start of 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/11sssa.htm|title=Review: Avva is a class apart|author=|date=|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=16 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216214654/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/feb/11sssa.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Vijay won accolades for a bravura performance, but the film did not do well. He was then seen in [[Sumana Kittur]]'s ''[[Slum Bala]]'' towards the end of 2008, which also did average business.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/when-words-turn-to-reel/article18054311.ece|title=When words turn to reel|date=15 April 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103084015/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/when-words-turn-to-reel/article18054311.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The consensus was that both films lacked action, which was Vijay's forte.<br />
<br />
In 2009, Vijay appeared in action-oriented films, such as MR Ramesh's ''[[Thaakath]]'' and ''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]'', which was directed by [[Duniya Soori|Soori]], and [[Sadhu Kokila]]'s ''[[Devru]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/junglee-plastic-dolls-of-the-jungle/articleshow/22221856.cms|title=Junglee: Plastic dolls of the jungle|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=6 February 2009|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627132301/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/junglee-plastic-dolls-of-the-jungle/articleshow/22221856.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/Nov/21/devru-105953.html|title=Review - Devru|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref> Vijar appeared in three films in 2010, one of which, ''[[Kanteerava]]'', had average business and reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kanteerava/movie-review/7366720.cms?from=mdr|title=KANTEERAVA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103083836/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kanteerava/movie-review/7366720.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> The other two, ''Shankar IPS'' and ''Kari Chirathe'', were box-office failures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shankar-ips/movie-review/11927071.cms?from=mdr|title=SHANKAR IPS MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 May 2010|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103082815/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/shankar-ips/movie-review/11927071.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kari-chirathe-they-dont-just-fight/articleshow/21789754.cms|title=Kari Chirathe: They don't just fight|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|access-date=3 September 2010|archive-date=25 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194310/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/kari-chirathe-they-dont-just-fight/articleshow/21789754.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The following year, he appeared in successful and critically acclaimed films ''[[Jarasandha (film)|Jarasandha]]'', ''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]'' and ''[[Veera Bahu (film)|Veerabahu]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-veera-bahu/20110218.htm|title=Review: Veera Bahu disappoints|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=18 February 2011|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923064104/https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/south-review-veera-bahu/20110218.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/Jun/06/johnny-mera-naam-preethi-mera-kaam-260086.html|title=Johnny Mera Naam, Preethi Mera Kaam|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=6 June 2011|access-date=17 February 2024|archive-date=5 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405102215/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Apr/05/no-technical-basis-or-history-of-issues-to-question-reliability-of-m3-voting-machines-eci-tells-madras-hc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/nov/26/jarasandha-314185.html|title=Jarasandha|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=16 May 2012|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=22 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922045919/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/nov/26/jarasandha-314185.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2012, Vijay starred in the critically acclaimed ''[[Bheema Theeradalli]]'' which also had commercial success. Vijay was lauded for his performance in the movie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/bheema-theeradalli/movie-review/12560914.cms?from=mdr|title= BHEEMA THEERADALLI MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 May 2016}}</ref> In early 2013, the film ''[[Rajanikantha]]'' was released and it was a disaster at the box office.<ref>{{cite news |title= Review: Rajni Kantha is for Duniya Vijay's fans |url= http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rajni-kantha/20130301.htm |work= [[Rediff.com]] |date= 2013-03-01 |accessdate= 2013-03-01 |archive-date= 3 November 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221103084443/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-rajni-kantha/20130301.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> His subsequent release ''[[Jayammana Maga]]'', a psychological thriller and his first production venture under his company "Duniya Talkies", attracted positive critical reviews and his performance was noted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/351571/when-all-fail-faith-helps.html|title=When all fail, faith helps|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=16 August 2013|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=7 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007111743/https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/351571/when-all-fail-faith-helps.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He did his own stunts in this movie like in many of his other films, including ''Duniya''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-03 |title=Duniya Vijay started his career as a junior fight artist |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/duniya-vijay-started-his-career-as-ajunior-fight-artist/articleshow/29816327.cms |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108071738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/duniya-vijay-started-his-career-as-ajunior-fight-artist/articleshow/29816327.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-09-17 |title=Duniya Vijay performs daredevil stunts |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/duniya-vijay-performs-daredevil-stunts/articleshow/22655003.cms |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108071738/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/duniya-vijay-performs-daredevil-stunts/articleshow/22655003.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> His next movie ''[[Shivajinagara (2014 film)|Shivajinagara]]'' was an average box-office performer. In 2014, his only movie was ''[[Simhadri (2014 film)|Simhadri]]''. In 2015, he appeared in ''[[Jackson (2015 film)|Jackson]]'', ''[[RX Soori|Rx Suri]]'', and ''[[Ring Road (film)|Ring Road]]'', which were hits, but ''Cobra'' was delayed.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/duniya-vijay-signs-cobra/articleshow/26025063.cms | title=Duniya Vijay signs Cobra | website=[[The Times of India]] | last1=Lokesh | first1=Vinay | archive-date=7 December 2023 | access-date=3 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207180543/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/duniya-vijay-signs-cobra/articleshow/26025063.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, Vijay's first release was [[Yogaraj Bhat]]'s much-hyped film ''[[Dana Kayonu]]'', in which he starred alongside [[Priyamani]]. The film was a commercial success and resurrected his career.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Dana-Kayonu-A-good-story-despite-all-the-%E2%80%98mass%E2%80%99-elements/article15476168.ece | title=Dana Kayonu: A good story despite all the 'mass' elements | newspaper=The Hindu | date=8 October 2016 | archive-date=3 November 2022 | access-date=3 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103084813/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Dana-Kayonu-A-good-story-despite-all-the-%E2%80%98mass%E2%80%99-elements/article15476168.ece | url-status=live }}</ref> His next release was [[Nagashekar]]'s ''[[Masti Gudi]]'', which made little impact at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/maasthi-gudi/movie-review/58642885.cms|title=Maasthi Gudi Movie Review |work=The Times of India| date=12 May 2017| accessdate=18 July 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film ''[[Kanaka (film)|Kanaka]]'' was released after ''Masti Gudi''. After the film's success he appeared in ''[[Johnny Johnny Yes Papa (film)|Johnny Johnny Yes Papa]]'' (2018), a sequel to their previous venture ''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]'' (2011) that was produced under Vijay's company Duniya Talkies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/kannada/2018/mar/31/johnny-johnny-yes-papa-review-entertainment-sans-logic-5300.html | title=Johnny Johnny Yes Papa Review: Entertainment sans logic | website=[[Cinema Express]] }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2021, Vijay appeared in the adult-oriented film ''Kusti'' with his son Samrat, and his own directorial debut ''[[Salaga (film)|Salaga]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salaga Movie Review: An engaging journey into the mafia world |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2021/oct/16/salaga-movie-reviewan-engaging-journey-into-the-mafia-world-27300.html |work=Cinema Express |date=16 October 2021 |author=Sharadhaa, A.}}</ref> He then wrote, directed and starred in ''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]'' (2024). He plays the eponymous role in the film dealing with drug menace. Although his performance was commended, critics wrote unfavourably of the film's screenplay.<ref>{{cite web |last1=B. M. |first1=Sujay |title='Bheema' Movie Review: Gangster drama doesn't pack a punch |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/gangster-drama-doesn-t-pack-a-punch-3144997 |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=en |date=10 August 2024}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2026, it was reported that he would direct ''City Lights'', starring [[Vinay Rajkumar]] and his daughter, Monisha, in her debut.<ref name="CL26">{{cite web |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Duniya Vijay Kumar plugs into the undercurrent of City Lights with 'Baava Baava' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2026/May/07/duniya-vijay-kumar-plugs-into-the-undercurrent-of-city-lights-with-baava-baava |website=Cinema Express |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=en |date=7 May 2026}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Vijay was born to the couple of Narayanamma and Rudrappa. His father Rudrappa died in 2021, aged 81.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duniya Vijay: ಕನ್ನಡ ನಟ ದುನಿಯಾ ವಿಜಯ್ ತಂದೆ ರುದ್ರಪ್ಪ ನಿಧನ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/kannada-actor-duniya-vijay-father-rudrappa-passes-away/articleshow/87775972.cms |website=Vijay Karnataka |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=kn |date=18 November 2021 |trans-title=Duniya Vijay: Kannada actor Duniya Vijay's father Rudrappa passes away}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vijay was first married to Nagarathna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duniya Vijay’s first wife on the run |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/duniya-vijays-first-wife-on-the-run/article25354691.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=en-IN |date=29 October 2018}}</ref> The couple have three children: daughters Monisha and Monica, and son Samrat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Duniya Vijay’s Daughter Monica Vijay Has Changed Her Name |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/why-duniya-vijays-daughter-monica-vijay-has-changed-her-name-8849293.html |website=News18 |access-date=8 May 2026 |date=12 April 2024}}</ref> All of them have worked in Kannada films as actors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duniya Vijay's daughters' new Duniya; Duniya Vijay's two daughters are acting alongside Dr. Rajkumar grandchildrens. - SStv. |url=https://www.sstvmedia.in/en/trending-news/duniya-vijay-s-daughters-new-duniya |website=SStv |access-date=8 May 2026 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Vijay filed for divorce first in January 2013 accusing her parents and her of cruelty, and desertion. However, the couple patched up in November 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duniya Vijay finally patches up with wife |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/duniya-vijay-wife-finally-make-up/articleshow/45213250.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2026 |date=20 November 2014}}</ref> Vijay met Keerthi Pattadi, an IT profesional and model, in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vijay experienced true love only after marrying Keerthi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-vijay-and-keerthi-interview/articleshow/54310601.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2026 |date=24 January 2017}}</ref> They married in 2016, before obtaining a divorce from Nagarathna.<ref name="news18">{{cite web |title=Bengaluru Family Court Dismisses Actor Duniya Vijay's Divorce Plea After Six-year Legal Battle |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bengaluru-family-court-dismisses-actor-duniya-vijays-divorce-plea-after-six-year-legal-battle-8932372.html |website=News18 |access-date=8 May 2026 |date=14 June 2024}}</ref> Vijay again filed for divorce from Nagarathna in 2018 accusing her of cruelty, and it was reported that the petition was dismissed in 2024, despite him being reported to have agreed to pay alimony to her.<ref>{{cite web |title=Duniya Vijay’s divorce petition dismissed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/duniya-vijays-divorce-petition-dismissed/articleshow/110980027.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 May 2026 |date=14 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="news18"/><br />
<br />
==Controversies==<br />
<br />
On 6 November 2016, while filming the climax fight scene for ''Masti Gudi'', two stuntmen playing the villains Anil and Uday, along with Vijay, jumped from a helicopter into [[Thippagondanahalli Reservoir]]. While the two stuntmen drowned, Vijay was rescued by the film crew.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13967-duniya-vijay-safe-fatal-accident-during-mastigudi-shooting.html|title=Duniya Vijay Safe - Fatal Accident During Mastigudi Shooting|publisher=Chitraloka|date=7 November 2016|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219001649/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/13967-duniya-vijay-safe-fatal-accident-during-mastigudi-shooting.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this incident, the KFCC imposed a ban on Vijay, director Nagashekar and stunt choreographer [[Ravi Varma (Stunt Director)|Ravi Varma]] until further notice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/news/13982-duniya-vijay-respect-kfcc-decision.html|title=Duniya Vijay Respect KFCC Decision|publisher=Chitraloka|date=9 November 2016|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219001648/https://www.chitraloka.com/news/13982-duniya-vijay-respect-kfcc-decision.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2017, police filed criminal charges against several members of the production crew but did not file charges against Vijay.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/crime/chargesheet-filed-against-the-makers-of-mastigudi/articleshow/58404383.cms | title=Chargesheet filed against the makers of 'Mastigudi' | access-date=19 December 2022 | archive-date=19 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219000148/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/crime/chargesheet-filed-against-the-makers-of-mastigudi/articleshow/58404383.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
On 24 September 2018, Vijay was arrested after he was alleged to have assaulted and abducted his friend, a gym trainer.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 September 2018 |title='Duniya' Vijay arrested on abduction, assault |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/duniya-vijay-arrested-on-abduction-assault-charges/article25023334.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=19 December 2022 |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219000144/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/duniya-vijay-arrested-on-abduction-assault-charges/article25023334.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+Key<br />
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}<br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2004 || ''[[Ranga SSLC]]'' || Kariya || Uncredited role<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Monalisa (film)|Monalisa]]'' || Dhyan's classmate ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="6" | 2005 || ''[[Rishi (2005 film)|Rishi]]'' || Drug peddler ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rakshasa (2005 film)|Rakshasa]]'' || Thambi Palani||<br />
|-<br />
| ''Giri'' || Henchman ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Mental Manja]]'' || Angry man ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jogi (2005 film)|Jogi]]'' || Prisoner ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Deadly Soma]]'' || Narayana ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2006 || ''[[Shree (2006 film)|Shree]]'' || Shetty's henchman || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ambi (film)|Ambi]]'' || Ambi's friend || <br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kallarali Hoovagi]]'' || Bedara Paapu || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7" | 2007 || ''[[Ee Rajeev Gandhi Alla]]'' || Bikku ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Duniya (2007 film)|Duniya]]'' || Shivalinga a.k.a. Shivu || [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada]]{{Br}}[[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor]]<br />
|-<br />
| ''Sri Kshethra Kaivara Thathayya'' || Villager || Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| ''Guna'' || || Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Yuga (2007 film)|Yuga]]'' || Yuga ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Geleya]]'' || Vijay||Special Appearance<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Chanda (2007 film)|Chanda]]'' || Kariya ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''[[Avva (film)|Avva]]'' || Bedara Manja ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Slum Bala]]'' || Bala ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2009 || ''[[Junglee (2009 film)|Junglee]]'' || Prabhakar ||<br />
|-''[[Shivajinagara (2014 film)|Shivajinagara]]<br />
| ''[[Thaakath]]'' || Basya ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Devru]]'' || Devru || Also playback singer<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || ''[[Shankar IPS]]'' || Shankar Prasad ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kari Chirathe]]'' || Madesh ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Kanteerava]]'' || Kanteerava ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Aithalakkadi]]'' || Himself || Guest appearance<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" | 2011 || ''[[Veera Bahu (film)|Veera Bahu]]'' || Veerabahu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam]]'' || Johnny ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jarasandha (film)|Jarasandha]]'' || Krishna Murthy "Jarasandha" ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Bheema Theeradalli]]'' || Chandya ||Suvarna Critics Award for Actor<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Rajanikantha]]'' || Rajani and Kantha || Dual Role<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Jayammana Maga]]'' || Naga || Also story writer and producer<br />
|-<br />
| ''Kariya Kan Bitta'' || || Cameo<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''[[Shivajinagara (2014 film)|Shivajinagara]]'' || Ramu ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Simhadri (2014 film)|Simhadri]]'' || Simhadri ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" | 2015 || ''[[Jackson (2015 film)|Jackson]]'' || Jackson ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Daksha (film)|Daksha]]'' || Daksha ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[RX Soori]]'' || Soori ||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Ring Road (film)|Ring Road]]'' || Khan ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2016 || ''[[Dana Kayonu]]'' || Kempu / Docomo ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2017 || ''[[Masti Gudi]]'' || Maasthi || <br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Kanaka (film)|Kanaka]]'' || Kanaka||<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Johnny Johnny Yes Papa (film)|Johnny Johnny Yes Papa]]'' || Johnny || <br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|''[[Salaga (film)|Salaga]]''<br />
|Vijay<br />
|Also director and writer; [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022 with Kamar Film Factory |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022_-55551.html |access-date=5 August 2023 |work=filmfare.com |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010163447/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022_-55551.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|''[[Veera Simha Reddy]]''<br />
| Musali Madugu Pratap Reddy<br />
| [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]]; [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2024 ||''[[Kotee]]'' || Kotee's father<br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bheema (2024 film)|Bheema]]''<br />
|Bheema and Salaga<br />
|Dual role, Also director and writer<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2023 |title=ದೀಪಾವಳಿಗೆ ದುನಿಯಾ ವಿಜಯ್ ʻಭೀಮʼನ ದರ್ಶನ! |url=https://vistaranews.com/cinema-film/duniya-vijay-bheema-on-november/427487.html |website=Vistara News |access-date=16 August 2023 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816093851/https://vistaranews.com/cinema-film/duniya-vijay-bheema-on-november/427487.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="1"|2025 || ''[[Marutha (2025 film)|Marutha]]'' || Anish Patil<br />
|Extended cameo appearance<br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|''[[Landlord (film)|Landlord]]''<br />
|Rachayya <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|{{pending film|[[Mookuthi Amman 2]]}}<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|[[Tamil cinema|Tamil film]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/entertainment/cinema/it-is-an-emotional-moment-for-me-says-duniya-vijay-on-his-debut-in-tamil-with-mookuthi-amman-2-825438|title=It is an emotional moment for me, says Duniya Vijay on his debut in Tamil with 'Mookuthi Amman 2'<br />
|date=7 March 2025|work=[[DT Next]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{TBA}}<br />
|{{Pending film|City Lights}}<br />
|<br />
|Director<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Television ===<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year !! Title !! Network<br />
! scope="col" class="unsortable" |Ref.<br />
|-<br />
| 2004 || ''Pa Pa Pandu'' || [[Colors Super]] || <ref name="T">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/from-sudeep-to-duniya-vijay-kannada-film-stars-who-started-their-acting-careers-from-television-serials/photostory/74830612.cms?from=mdr|title=From Sudeep to Duniya Vijay: Kannada film stars who started their acting careers from television serials|date=26 March 2020|work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/top-stories/duniya-vijay-180407.html Duniya attracts Vijay too] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130218003920/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/top-stories/duniya-vijay-180407.html |date=18 February 2013 }}<br />
* {{usurped|[https://archive.today/20130125110427/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2007/03/23/stories/2007032301870100.htm Interview with Vijay in ''The Hindu'']}}<br />
<br />
{{Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actor}}<br />
{{FilmfareKannadaBestActor}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Telugu}}<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijay, Duniya}}<br />
[[Category:1974 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Karnataka State Film Award winners]]<br />
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors from Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Film producers from Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbigha&diff=489795Barbigha2026-05-07T10:33:03Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Barbigha<br />
| native_name = बरबीघा<br />
| nickname = <br />
| native_name_lang = hi<br />
| settlement_type = Town<br />
| image_skyline = Shri Krishn Singh Dwar in Maur Village.jpg<br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = Entry gate of Maur Village of Barbigha.<br />
| pushpin_map = India Bihar<br />
| pushpin_label_position = <br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25|13|00|N|85|44|10|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sheikhpura district|Sheikhpura]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = Twelve [[Bigha]]s<br />
| seat = [[Barbigha Municipal Council]]<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = 100<br />
| population_total = 1,36,617<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = 1<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = Barbighiya<br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 811101<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 06341<br />
| registration_plate = BR-52<br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000/900 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = 73.63%<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]]<br />
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br />
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Barbigha Assembly constituency|Barbigha]]<br />
| blank5_name_sec1 = Nearest railway station <br />
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Barbigha railway station|Barbigha]]<br />
| website = <br />
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''Barbigha''' is a town and a municipality in the [[Sheikhpura district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. It is also one of the 6 blocks under Sheikhpura district. It is well connected by road to the state capital of [[Patna]]. National highways NH33 and NH333A also pass through Barbigha, and Bihta-Sarmera four lane state highway passes from [[Gopalbad]] near it.{{Cn|date=April 2019}} Vishnudham, Samas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shri Vishnu Temple, Samas Village |url=https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/shiekhpura/shri-vishnu-temple-saamas-village |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204191013/https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/shiekhpura/shri-vishnu-temple-saamas-village |archive-date=4 December 2023 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Bihar Tourism |language=en }}</ref> and [[Panchvadan Sthan]], Kusedhi are some prominent [[Hindu temple|temples]] of Barbigha.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name "Barbigha" is believed to be derived from two [[Hindi]] words, ''Barah'' and ''Bigha'', meaning twelve [[Bigha|bighas]] (approximately 3 [[Hectare|hectares]]). This suggests that the [[town]] originally encompassed this area at the time of its founding.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The earliest known [[Historical method|historical mention]] of Barbigha dates back to 1812, when [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Francis Buchanan]] referred to it as ''Barabigha'', a spelling variation of the name. At that time, it was noted to consist of nearly 1,000 households, similar to its divisional headquarters, [[Sheikhpura]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Buchanan |first=Francis |author-link=Francis Buchanan-Hamilton |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.63009/2015.63009.An-Account-Of-The-Districts-Of-Bihar-And-Patna-Vol-i?q=barabigha |title=An Account Of The Districts Of Bihar And Patna in 1811-12 |date= |year=1812 |volume=1 |page=178 |chapter=Topography of the divisions : Sheykhpurah |quote=Barabigha contains 1000 houses,}}</ref> Another Account of 1838 notes it to be a [[Bazaar|marketplace]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Montgomery |author-link=Robert Montgomery Martin |url=https://archive.org/details/historyantiquit01martgoog/page/n685/mode/1up?q=barabigha |title=The history, antiquities, topography, and statistics of eastern India .. |date=1838 |publisher=W. H. Allen and Co. |others=}}</ref> Data from 1867 to 1872 reported the population of Barbigha as 6,362.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_kSccAAAAMAAJ/page/n176/mode/2up?q=barbigha |title=Die Bevölkerung der Erde |date= |publisher=Perthes' Geographical Institute |others= |year=1876 |location=Gotha |page=101 |language=de |trans-title=The Population of the Earth |chapter=Ortsbevölkerung: Britisch Indien |trans-chapter=Local Population: British India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-9ed-1875/Vol%2016%20%28MEN-MOS%29%20193479089.23/page/740/mode/1up?q=barbigha |title=The Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=[[Adam and Charles Black]] |year=1883 |edition=9th |volume=16 |location=Edinburgh |page=740 |access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> The Census of India in 1881, conducted by Emil Jung, recorded the population as 7,904.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift28berlgoog/page/261/mode/1up?q=barbigha&view=theater |title=Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin |date=1853 |others=University of Michigan |editor-last=Koneb |editor-first=Dr. W |volume=21 |page=261 |language=de |trans-title=Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin |chapter=Der Census von Indien im Jahre 1881. Von Emil Jung. (Schluss) |trans-chapter=The Census of India in the Year 1881. By Emil Jung. (Conclusion).}}</ref><br />
<br />
There are mentions of a [[post office]] as early as 1894<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khandekar |first=G.H. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62152/page/n686/mode/1up?q=barbigha |title=The Indian Companion |date= |year=1894 |location=Poona |page=196 |quote=Barbigha. — Town with post office}}</ref> and a [[police station]] as early as 1901 in historical records related to Barbigha.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/indianmuseumnote05indiuoft/page/167/mode/1up?q=barbigha&view=theater |title=Indian museum notes |date= |publisher=Calcutta |others= |year=1903 |editor-last=Superintendent |volume=5 |location=Calcutta |page=167 |issue=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/lbg.agriculturalledgvol-ciii.1902.0000unse/page/83/mode/1up?view=theater&q=barbigha |title=The Agricultural Ledger 1901 |date= |publisher= |others= |year=1902 |volume=8 |location=Calcutta |page=83 |quote=From Barbigha police-station three varieties were received at the same time — |orig-year=}}</ref> In the same year, the Sheikhpura and Barbigha police stations were transferred from the [[Jamui district|Jamui]] subdivision to the [[Munger division|Monghyr subdivision]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'malley |first=L S S |author-link=Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281287/page/n229/mode/1up?q=barbigha |title=Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers: Monghyr |date=1905 |edition=Revised |location=Gulzarbagh |pages=217-218 |chapter=Jamui-Jaynagar |quote=The Sheikhpura thana, which then formed part of it has since been transferred, with jthe Barbigha outpost, to the Monghyr subdivision,}}</ref> The same Barbigha [[Thana|police station]] reported the discovery of a [[hoard]] of 96 [[treasure trove]] coins of the [[Sultan of Delhi|Sultans of Delhi]] during the period of 1919-1920. A report from 1903 mentions the ongoing construction of the district road to Sheikhpura to serve as feeder of South Bihar Railway.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.38830/page/n117/mode/1up?q=barbigha&view=theater |title=Report On The Administration Of Bengal (1902-03) |date=1904 |location=Calcutta |page=81 |chapter=Miscallanrous Public Development |quote=District roads from Barbigha to Sheikptim, from Serari to Ohowiiali, and from Jainiangla to Seniri station, in tho Jfonghyr district, wt're under construction, 'rheso roads will servo as feeilers to tlio South Uiliar Railway, and the Dintrict Board will contribute one-third of tludr cost.}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 Census]], Barbigha had a population of 136,167, more than double that of its district headquarters, [[Sheikhpura]]. The town comprises 21,797 [[Household|households]], with 65.94% of the population living in [[Rural area|rural areas]]. The population includes 70,611 [[Male|males]] and 65,556 [[Female|females]], with 22.3% classified as [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes]]. The [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] is 928 females for every 1,000 males, slightly above the state average of 918, while the child sex ratio is 945, compared to the [[Bihar state]] average of 935.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population finder {{!}} Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/population-finder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250105112305mp_/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42559/download/46185/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistTwn-0000.xlsx |archive-date=5 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><br />
<br />
Barbigha has grown to become the biggest town market of the [[Sheikhpura district]], serving as a commercial market for the surrounding villages. Sri Krishan Singh (First Chief Minister of Bihar) was from Barbigha and Rastrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar served as headmaster of a high school in Barbigha.<br />
<br />
== Education == <br />
===Higher Education Institutions===<br />
* '''[[S.K.R College]]''' : A constituent unit of [[Munger University]], previously affiliated with [[Bhagalpur University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About College |url=https://skrcollege.ac.in/pages/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714161034/https://skrcollege.ac.in/pages/about |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=S.K.R. College}}</ref><br />
* '''R. Lal College''' : Affiliated with [[Patliputra University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://rlalcollege.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923160005/http://rlalcollege.com/ |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=13 February 2025 |website=राजेश्वर लाल महाविद्यालय |language=hi}}</ref><br />
====Other Degree Colleges====<br />
* Sundar Singh College, Mehus<br />
* Neemi College<br />
* Sai College<br />
* C.N.B College, Hathiyama<br />
====Technical Colleges====<br />
* Government Polytechnic College<br />
* Government ITI College<br />
===Schools===<br />
====[[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] Affiliated Senior Secondary Schools====<br />
Source:<ref>https://saras.cbse.gov.in/SARAS/AffiliatedList/ListOfSchdirReport</ref><br />
* Gyan Niketan Residential School<br />
* Divine Light Public School<br />
* St. Mary's English School<br />
* Vikas International Public School<br />
<br />
====Unaffiliated CBSE Schools====<br />
* SPS Public School<br />
* G.I.P Public School<br />
* Adarsh Vidya Bharti<br />
* Barbigha Central School<br />
* Mount Litera Zee School<br />
* Golden Era English School<br />
====[[Bihar School Examination Board|Bihar Government Affiliated]] Schools====<br />
* Raj Rajeshwar +2 School<br />
* Ram Prasad Bhagwati Charan adarsh High School<br />
* Barbigha Town High School<br />
* Tailik Balika Inter School<br />
* High School Kutaut<br />
* Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya, Kutaut<br />
* +2 School, Mehus<br />
* Sri Satya Sai Vidya Mandir, Bhadarthi<br />
{{Cn|date=February 2025}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/biharsharif/story-final-notification-issued-9-villages-in-sheikhpura-nap-and-7-villages-in-barbigha-3919235.amp.html |title= अंतिम अधिसूचना जारी: शेखपुरा नप में 9 तो बरबीघा में 7 गांव शामिल| access-date=2021-03-17 |publisher= }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Sheikpura district}}<br />
{{Munger Division}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Sheikhpura district]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arif_S._Doctor&diff=487406Arif S. Doctor2026-05-07T06:21:23Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br />
{{Short description|Indian judge}}{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|7|17|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India<br />
| education = [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]<br />
| alma_mater = [[Government Law College, Mumbai]]<br />
| image = Arif Doctor.jpg<br />
| caption = Official portrait<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Arif Saleh Doctor''' (born 17 July 1972) is an Indian judge serving as a Permanent Judge of the [[Bombay High Court]]. Appointed as an Additional Judge to that high court on 19 July 2022, and later confirmed as a Permanent Judge, he has presided over significant cases in civil, constitutional, [[arbitration]], and [[public interest law]].<br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Arif Saleh Doctor was born on 17 July 1972 in [[Mumbai, India]]. He completed his schooling at [[St. Mary's School, Mumbai]] and graduated with a degree in Economics and Political Science from [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. He earned his law degree from [[Government Law College, Mumbai]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Legal career ==<br />
Doctor enrolled as an Advocate with the [[Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa]] in 1998. He practiced under Senior Advocate Darius J. Khambata, appearing before the [[Supreme Court of India]], the [[Bombay High Court]], the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT), and other tribunals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=www.ETGovernment.com |title=Centre appoints 9 advocates as additional judges of Bombay High Court |url=https://government.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/governance/centre-appoints-9-advocates-as-additional-judges-of-bombay-high-court/92944160 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=ETGovernment.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=CDJ Law Journal |url=https://www.cdjlawjournal.com/judge-profile1.php?id=1776&cid=3 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=www.cdjlawjournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Website of High Court of Bombay |url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/processjshowReq.php?bhcpar=bmlkPTg5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923073402/https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/processjshowReq.php?bhcpar=bmlkPTg5 |archive-date=2023-09-23 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=bombayhighcourt.nic.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
His practice focused on civil, constitutional, company, environmental, and admiralty law, as well as domestic and international arbitrations. From 2009 to 2012, he served as a Panel Counsel for the [[Union of India (country)|Union of India]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arif Salef Doctor - Independent Director at Sterling and Wilson |url=https://theorg.com/org/sterling-and-wilson-pvt-ltd/org-chart/arif-salef-doctor |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=THE ORG |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Judicial career ==<br />
He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Bombay High Court on 19 July 2022.<ref name=":1" /> On 14 December 2023, the Collegium of the High Court of Bombay unanimously recommended his name for appointment as a permanent Judge of the Bombay High Court.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-14 |title=Supreme Court of India Additional Judge Recommendation |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3ec0490f1f4972d133619a60c30f3559e/uploads/2024/03/2024031353.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719191026/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3ec0490f1f4972d133619a60c30f3559e/uploads/2024/03/2024031353.pdf |archive-date=2025-07-19 |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 13 March 2024, the Supreme Court Collegium recommended that Doctor, be appointed as a permanent Judge of the Bombay High Court.<ref name=":3" /> He was elevated to Permanent Judge on 21 March 2024.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2024 |title=Justice Arif Saleh Doctor appointed as Permanent Judge - Bombay High Court {{!}} Indian Bureaucracy {{!}} IAS, IPS, IFS Transfers, Government Appointments & PSU News |url=https://www.indianbureaucracy.com/justice-arif-saleh-doctor-appointed-as-permanent-judge-bombay-high-court/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2015990 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
He has presided over notable cases, including:<br />
<br />
• '''Redevelopment Law''': Ruled that minority members of housing societies cannot obstruct redevelopment projects approved by a majority, impacting urban real estate disputes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhimani |first=Sulaiman |date=1 August 2024 |title=Bombay High Court Orders Costs Against Non-Consenting Members in Cooperative Housing Society Redevelopment |url=https://thelawsuits.in/bombay-high-court-costs-non-consenting-members-cooperative-housing-redevelopment/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=The Law Suits |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
• '''Arbitration''': Upheld a foreign arbitral award, reinforcing India’s pro-arbitration stance, and clarified the scope of interim relief under Section 9 of the [[Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996|Arbitration and Conciliation Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chauhan |first=Mohd Malik |date=28 November 2024 |title=Court Cannot Go Into Merits While Enforcing Foreign Award U/S 48 Of Arbitration Act: Bombay High Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/arbitration-cases/court-cannot-go-into-merits-while-enforcing-foreign-award-us-48-of-arbitration-act-bombay-high-court-276627 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
• '''Public Interest''': Addressed cases involving illegal hoardings, fire safety guidelines, public healthcare, and stray dog feeding rights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Neha |date=22 February 2024 |title=Cannot permit illegal hoardings of political, commercial or religious organisations in public space: Bombay High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/cannot-permit-illegal-hoardings-political-commercial-religious-organisations-public-space-bombay-high-court |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
• '''Professional Ethics''': In a notable 2025 ruling, alongside Chief Justice [[Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya]], Doctor criticized a senior lawyer for blaming a junior for a case dismissal, directing the senior to gift a book on the Constitution to the junior.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 September 2023 |title=Gift her book on Constitution: Bombay HC to advocate who blamed his junior for dismissal of appeal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/gift-her-book-on-constitution-hc-to-advocate-who-blamed-his-junior-for-dismissal-of-appeal/articleshow/103318887.cms |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Doctor, Arif S.}}<br />
[[Category:Indian judges]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]<br />
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1972 births]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shotyi_Bole_Shotyi_Kichhu_Nei&diff=535252Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei2026-05-06T10:10:15Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made article!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2025 Indian Bengali legal thriller film by Srijit Mukherji}}<br />
{{For|other productions|Twelve Angry Men}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei<br />
| image = File:Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichu Nei Poster.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Adapted from<br />
| data1 = ''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]'' (1957)<ref>{{cite news |title=<br />
সৃজিত আনছেন 12 অ্যাংরি মেনের চলচ্চিত্র রূপ |url=<br />
https://www.aaroananda.com/story/entertainment-news/tollywood/srijit-mukherjee-is-going-to-adopt-12-angry-men/6370311 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=Aro Ananda |language=bn|date=6 January 2024}}</ref><br />''[[Ek Ruka Hua Faisla]]'' (1986)<br />
}}<br />
| screenplay = Srijit Mukherji<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = Srijit Mukherji<br />
}}<br />
| based_on = <br />
| producer = [[Shrikant Mohta]]<br />Mahendra Soni<br />
| starring = {{ubl|[[Parambrata Chatterjee]]|[[Kaushik Ganguly]]|[[Kaushik Sen]]|[[Ritwick Chakraborty]]|[[Ananya Chatterjee]]|[[Anirban Chakrabarti]]|[[Arjun Chakraborty]]|[[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Arunoday Banerjee]]|[[Kanchan Mullick]]|[[Sauraseni Maitra]]|Phalguni Chatterjee|Suhotra Mukherjee}}<br />
| cinematography = Prosenjit Chowdhury<br />
| editing = Sanglap Bhowmik<br />
| music = '''Music:'''<br />Amit Chatterjee<br />'''Background Score:'''<br />Subhadeep Guha<br />
| studio = [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]<br />
| distributor = Shree Venkatesh Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2025|01|23}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = {{est}}{{INR|1.72}} crore<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samadder |first1=Tulika |title=Box Office: বক্স অফিসে দাপট! খাদানের পর রমরমা 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই'-এর, ১ মাসে আয় কত? জানালেন সৃজিত |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-shares-box-office-colletion-of-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-after-one-month-31740417843176.html |access-date=20 March 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 February 2025 |language=bn}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei''''' ({{Translation|'''''There is nothing truly true'''''}}), later known with the parenthesis '''''If Truth Be Told''''', and also known by the [[initialism]] '''''SBSKN''''', is a 2025 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]]-language [[Surrealist cinema|surrealist]] [[Legal thriller|legal thriller film]] written and directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=নতুন বছরের শুরুতেই সৃজিতের বড় চমক! প্রকাশ্যে 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই'র প্রথম পোস্টার, কবে মুক্তি পাচ্ছে? |url=https://www.aajkaal.in/entertainment/director-srijit-mukherji-s-movie-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-s-first-poster-and-release-date-revealed-ent-128152 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=aajkaal.in |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Shyamashree |date=2024-12-21 |title=নতুন বছরের শুরুতেই সৃজিতের বড় চমক! প্রকাশ্যে 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই'র প্রথম পোস্টার, কবে মুক্তি পাচ্ছে? |url=https://aajkaal.in/story/32544/director_srijit_mukherji_s_movie_shotyi_bole_shotyi_kichhu_nei_s_first_poster_and_release_date_revealed_ent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316023254/https://aajkaal.in/story/32544/director_srijit_mukherji_s_movie_shotyi_bole_shotyi_kichhu_nei_s_first_poster_and_release_date_revealed_ent |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 March 2025 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=aajkaal.in |language=bn}}</ref> Produced by [[Shree Venkatesh Films| Shrikant Mohta]] and [[Shree Venkatesh Films| Mahendra Soni]] under the banner of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]], the film is an official adaptation of the 1986 [[Hindi]] film ''[[Ek Ruka Hua Faisla]]'', which is itself a remake of the American film ''[[12 Angry Men (1957 film)|12 Angry Men]]'' (1957) directed by [[Sidney Lumet]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=সৃজিতের ছবিতে চাঁদের হাট |url=https://radiobanglanet.com/srijit-mukherji-film-twelve-angry-men-adaptation-sotyi-bole-sotyi-kichu-nei-full-cast-announced-gm/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Radio Bangla Net}}</ref> which was an adaptation from a 1954 [[Twelve Angry Men (Westinghouse Studio One)|teleplay of the same name]] by [[Reginald Rose]]. It stars an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Kaushik Sen]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[Anirban Chakrabarty| Anirban Chakrabarti]], [[Ananya Chatterjee]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Banerjee]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]], [[Kanchan Mullick]], Phalguni Chatterjee and Suhotra Mukhopadhyay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Subrata |title=Srijit Mukherji's upcoming Bengali flick Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei gets its teaser released {{!}} Northeast Herald |url=https://neherald.com/showbiz/srijit-mukherjis-upcoming-bengali-flick-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-gets-its-teaser-released |access-date=2024-12-30 |website= Northeast Herald |language=English}}</ref><br />
<br />
The film follows the titular twelve members of a [[jury]] as they deliberate a supposedly clear-cut murder trial and details the tension among them when one juror argues that the defendant might not be guilty. The film shares its title with the line "Ashole Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei" from the song "Ei Srabon", written and composed by [[Anupam Roy]], from Mukherji's 2011 film ''[[Baishe Sraban|Baishe Srabon]]''. [[Principal photography]] commenced in June 2024 and wrapped in July 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-26 |title=Srijit Mukherji wraps shooting for 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'; Sauraseni Maitra shares a sneak peek |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-wraps-shooting-for-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-sauraseni-maitra-shares-a-sneak-peek/articleshow/111287925.cms |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> being one of the shortest shot Bengali films. Amit Chatterjee composed its soundtrack, while Subhadeep Guha did the background score. The cinematography and editing of the film were handled by Prosenjit Chowdhury and Sanglap Bhowmik respectively.<br />
<br />
''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'' theatrically released on 23 January, 2025 coinciding with [[Netaji Jayanti]], opening to positive reviews with critics appreciating the performances by the whole cast, runtime, characterization and the thrill used in the screenplay along with direction.<ref>{{cite news |title=Srijit Mukherji's film Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei has opened to glowing reviews. Here's an album from the premiere |url=https://t2online.in/music/western/srijit-mukherji-s-film-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-has-opened-to-glowing-reviews.-here-s-an-album-from-the-premiere%C2%A0/1306556 |access-date=26 January 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=24 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agnivo |first=Niyogi |date=2024-06-27 |title=Meet Parambrata, Ananya, Ritwick's characters from Srijit Mukherji's next film |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-next-film-parambrata-chattopadhyay-ananya-chatterjee-ritwick-chakraborty-play-characters-from-diverse-backgrounds/cid/2029926 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'' is a Bengali-language legal thriller that unfolds primarily within the subconscious mind of Brajeswar Dutta (Kaushik Ganguly), a High Court judge in West Bengal. The story begins at Brajeswar's birthday party at his upscale Kolkata residence, attended by a diverse group of friends and family members, each representing varied social, cultural, and professional backgrounds. The guests include:<br />
<br />
* His daughter, Arundhati (Sauraseni Maitra), a outspoken feminist film director<br />
* His son, Abir (Suhotra Mukhopadhyay), a socially awkward physics professor<br />
* Dhiman (Kaushik Sen), a rational economist working for the World Bank, and his wife Roopa (Ananya Chatterjee), a snobbish advertising executive<br />
* Gaurang Aggarwal (Anirban Chakrabarti), a wealthy Marwari businessman<br />
* Sadiq (Rahul Banerjee), a successful Muslim folk-fusion singer<br />
* Sumit Bhattacharya (Ritwick Chakraborty), a right-wing political activist and survivor of communal riots<br />
* Tapash (Kanchan Mullick), Brajeswar's loyal personal assistant<br />
* Habul (Phalguni Chatterjee), an elderly family friend residing in an old-age home<br />
* Kaushik (Arjun Chakrabarty), a young corporate executive and Brajeswar's nephew<br />
<br />
During the gathering, Brajeswar appears distracted and uneasy, alluding to a high-profile murder case he is presiding over involving the stabbing of an elderly man by a young Muslim boy named Noor Islam and his elder brother. He reflects on the historical abolition of the jury system in India, following the 1973 case of Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra, expressing a nostalgic curiosity about how a jury might have deliberated such a verdict. <br />
<br />
As the party winds down and the guests leave, Brajeswar dozes off in his armchair. The narrative then transitions into a surreal dream sequence within his subconscious, where the departed guests inexplicably return and are joined by a mysterious new figure, Satya (Parambrata Chatterjee), a flamboyant homosexual fashion designer who acts as the group's provocateur and moral compass. In this dream world, the twelve individuals—now transformed into a jury—must deliberate the guilt or innocence of Noor Islam in a confined, jury-room-like setting. The deliberation is not static; the environment fluidly shifts across symbolic locations drawn from Brajeswar's memories and psyche, including his study, a golf course, a theater where he once viewed a stage adaptation of ''12 Angry Men'', a rain-swept flyover from a past act of kindness, a family beach vacation spot, and a dense tropical forest from an old expedition.<br />
<br />
* Sumit's experiences with communal violence fuel his Islamophobia, leading to explosive confrontations with Sadiq and accusations of bias;<br />
* Arundhati's history of sexual assault clashes with Gaurang's patriarchal and classist attitudes, highlighting gender and regional divides;<br />
* Dhiman's logical detachment is challenged by emotional outbursts from Roopa and others, revealing cracks in intellectual facades;<br />
* Abir's passivity gives way to quiet insights, while Kaushik struggles to moderate the chaos as the de facto foreman;<br />
* Tapash and Habul provide grounded, empathetic perspectives, drawing from their loyalty and age-old wisdom.<br />
<br />
Through psychological confrontations, flashbacks, and metaphorical shifts in the dreamscape, the film explores the fluidity of truth, the impact of personal demons on judgment, and the intersections of justice, morality, and humanity. The deliberations serve as a microcosm of contemporary Indian society's fractures—communalism, caste, gender inequality, and urban elitism—culminating in a tense examination of collective conscience and individual accountability. The narrative blurs the lines between reality and illusion, with Satya's enigmatic connection to Brajeswar's past adding layers of introspection, ultimately prompting the judge (and the audience) to question the very nature of truth and verdict in an imperfect world.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Kaushik Ganguly]] as Brajeswar Dutta, judge of High Court of West Bengal (Based on Juror #3)<br />
* [[Kaushik Sen]] as Dhiman, an economist and friend of Brajeswar (Based on Juror #4)<br />
* [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] as Satya, a homosexual fashion designer with a mysterious link with Brajeswar's past (Based on Juror #8)<br />
* [[Ritwick Chakraborty]] as Sumit Bhattacharya, victim of communal riots as well as a supporter of right-wing politics (Based on Juror #10)<br />
* [[Ananya Chatterjee]] as Roopa, a snooty socialite (Based on Juror #12)<br />
* [[Anirban Chakrabarti]] as Gaurang Aggarwal, a Marwari businessman (Based on Juror #11)<br />
* [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Arunoday Banerjee]] as Sadiq, a well-to-do Muslim folk singer, producing folk-fusion music albums (Based on Juror #5)<br />
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]] as Kaushik, a corporate employee and nephew of Brajeswar (Based on Juror #1/Foreman)<br />
* [[Sauraseni Maitra]] as Arundhati, a feminazi film director and daughter of Brajeswar (Based on Juror #7)<br />
* [[Kanchan Mullick]] as Taposh, man friday of Brajeswar (Based on Juror #6)<br />
* [[Phalguni Chatterjee]] as Habul, elder brother considered by Brajeswar who stays in a dilapidated old-age home (Based on Juror #9)<br />
* [[Suhotra Mukhopadhyay]] as Abir, an unopinionated underdog physics professor and son of Brajeswar (Based on Juror #2)<br />
* [[Noor Islam]] as the accused kid<br />
* [[Koushik Kar]] as the elder brother of the kid<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Production ==<br />
<br />
=== Development ===<br />
[[Srijit Mukherji]] was actively involved with the English professional theatre circuit in [[Delhi]] and [[Bengaluru]] besides working as an economist and statistician.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Sankhayan |date=2017-03-31 |title=Srijit Mukherji: 'I have a lot of stories to tell and little time in hand' |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/srijit-mukherji-i-have-a-lot-of-stories-to-tell-and-little-time-in-hand-111646883213365.html |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> Thus in 2006, Srijit Mukherji had adapted ''Twelve Angry Men'', under the title as ''Mindgame'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=Is Srijit Mukherji planning a new film? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/is-srijit-mukherji-planning-a-new-film/0c03ac1b2c529 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> which was also directed by himself at Alliance Française De Bangalore the same year. After making his directorial debut with ''[[Autograph (2010 film)|Autograph]]'' in 2010, he had planned to make a film on it. [[Anjan Dutt]] and [[Rituparno Ghosh]] were his first choice to play two of the major characters, with [[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Roopa Ganguly]], [[Rudranil Ghosh]], [[Sujan Mukherjee (actor)|Sujan Neel Mukherjee]] and [[Kanchan Mullick]] being in another major roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichu Nei: Check out the new PHOTOS as Srijit Mukherji REVEALS the names of the old cast from 14 years |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-check-out-the-new-photos-as-srijit-mukherji-reveals-the-names-of-the-old-cast-from-14-years/5918d70f55298 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> In 2012, he revealed the title of the film imagined as ''Dozen'' in an interview to ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' on the promotion of his film [[Hemlock Society (film)|''Hemlock Society'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=2012-04-28 |title=Srijit Mukherji on Hemlock Society |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-on-hemlock-society/cid/429087 |quote=It’s tentatively titled Dozen. I will probably start shooting end of the year. It’s an adaptation of a play written by me and was called Mind Game, which was inspired by a play titled 12 Angry Men.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-11 |title=Hemlocked all over: Srijit Mukherji |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/hemlocked-all-over-srijit-mukherji/articleshow/14270635.cms |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |quote=Srijit Mukherji: I was well on my way to adapt 12 Angry Men in Bengali, when I met a person}}</ref> It was to go on floors in December 2013, but got shelved because of Ghosh's death in May 2013. According to Mukherji, it was difficult to cast any other actor to replace Ghosh in that character, as it was originally written keeping Ghosh in mind.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2024-12-21 |title=সৃজিতের নতুন ছবিতে বারো চমক, প্রথম ঝলক রইল এবিপি লাইভে |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-poster-released-with-12-artist-entertainment-news-tollywood-1111446 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref> He also disagreed to bring some changes in the characteristics as it had a special impact in its story. On the other hand, Ghosh also was to star in Mukherji's another venture ''[[Chotushkone]]'' (2014) in a specific role, which was later finalized having [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] as Ghosh's replacement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poddar |first=Atreyee |date=2024-12-21 |title=Srijit Mukherji's 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei' to be released on January 23 |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/Dec/21/srijit-mukherjis-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-to-be-released-on-january-23 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-21 |title=Srijit Mukherji's Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei set for January 2025 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-adapts-ek-ruka-hua-faisla-for-his-next-film/cid/2072869 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online |quote=The film is based on the play and film Ek Ruka Hua Faisla. Srijit’s adaptation presents characters that come from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, political viewpoints, and sexual orientations.}}</ref><br />
<br />
In December 2023, it was reported that Mukherji was reworking on the shelved project entitled as ''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MPost |date=2024-03-04 |title=Four directors, four new Bengali films unveiled |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/features/four-directors-four-new-bengali-films-unveiled-554558 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Pooja |date=2024-03-06 |title=Koel, Parambrata, Gaurav wrap shoot, Anirban's suave portrait, Ankush's gig mode: Tollywood update |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/koel-parambrata-gaurav-wrap-shoot-anirbans-suave-portrait-ankushs-gig-mode-tollywood-update/cid/2005102 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online |quote=Anirban Bhattacharya looked dapper in a white kurta at SVF’s Maha Mahurat in Kolkata}}</ref> It was officially announced in February 2024, under the production of [[Shree Venkatesh Films]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-09 |title=গুঞ্জন, সপ্তাহের প্রথম দিনেই ''সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই''-এর শুটিং শুরু করছেন সৃজিত? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/is-srijit-mukherji-going-to-start-his-next-film-sottyi-bole-sottyi-kichu-nei-dgtlx/cid/1522810 |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Anandabazar Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Sauraseni Maitra to join Srijit Mukherji's legal drama with Ritwick Chakraborty and Anirban Bhattacharya |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-sauraseni-maitra-to-join-srijit-mukherjis-legal-drama-with-ritwick-chakraborty-and-anirban-bhattacharya/d5c4c86ef8816 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> The muharat of the film held on 4 March 2024, where Mukherji considered the film to be his dream project.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Subrata |title=Srijit Mukherji's 'dream project' Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei gets its trailer released |url=https://neherald.com/showbiz/srijit-mukherjis-dream-project-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-gets-its-trailer-released |access-date=2025-01-18 |website= Northeast Herald |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-14 |title=Srijit Mukherji announces his next film; Shares a photo with the cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-announces-his-next-film-shares-a-photo-with-the-cast/articleshow/110119310.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Quote box<br />
| quote = "Issues which have snowballed over the last 18 years have found prominence in my film. References to the overall politics of the country have been added and one thing which I want to point out is that, like many things have changed in the new text, many things have remained the same. They have become bigger, darker and uglier. I have tried to address those issues by escalating the pitch and tenor of those conflicts [...] And I was not trying to be politically correct by giving representation to the various sections of the society."<br />
| author = Srijit Mukherji on restarting the film as "''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei''" at ''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]''<ref>{{cite news |last= Niyogi |first= Agnivo |title=Srijit Mukherji and Koushik Sen talk about 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-koushik-sen-talk-about-their-upcoming-legal-drama/cid/2077459 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=The Telegraph |date=14 January 2025}}</ref><br />
| align = right<br />
| width = 40%<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Casting ===<br />
Anjan Dutt approached for the role which he was to portray in ''Dozen'', but he had to decline it as he thought that his real age might mismatch with the character.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srijit ropes in a stellar cast for his upcoming social drama |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/srijit-ropes-in-a-stellar-cast-for-his-upcoming-social-drama/ar-BB1mtKsR?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> Then [[Kaushik Ganguly]] came on the board, reuniting with Mukherji eleven years after ''Chotushkone'' in 2014, where he had a guest appearance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-14 |title=Srijit Mukherji announces his next film; Shares a photo with the cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-announces-his-next-film-shares-a-photo-with-the-cast/articleshow/110119310.cms#:~:text=Srijit%20Mukherji%20is%20on%20a,not%20part%20of%20the%20film. |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the screenplay section of the film, Mukherji took some suggestions from Ganguly, whom he considers to be his teacher-like in the field of screenwriting.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-29 |title=Srijit Mukherji: When it comes to screenwriting, my film schools have always been Rituparno Ghosh and Kaushik Ganguly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-when-it-comes-to-screenwriting-my-film-schools-have-always-been-rituparno-ghosh-and-kaushik-ganguly/articleshow/87358496.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Ritwick Chakraborty]] and Rudranil Ghosh were reported to be roped in, both of them reuiniting with the director six years after ''[[Vinci Da]]'' (2019),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title='টেক্কা'র পর সৃজিতের পরের বাজি কী? অনির্বাণ, ঋত্বিক ও রুদ্রনীলকে ঘিরে জোর জল্পনা টলিপাড়ায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/sources-reveal-ritwick-chakraborty-rudranil-ghosh-and-anirban-bhattacharya-are-the-cast-of-srijit-mukherjis-next-film-dgtl/cid/1492809 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Anandabazar Online}}</ref> in their third and fifth collaborations respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=Exclusive! Anirban Bhattacharya, Ritwick Chakraborty, Rudranil Ghosh, Kaushik Sen, and others in Srijit Mukherji's next? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-anirban-bhattacharya-ritwick-chakraborty-rudranil-ghosh-kaushik-sen-and-others-in-srijit-mukherjis-next/413a7742a896 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |quote=Loosely inspired by a ’50s play, Srijit’s drama will explore a conversation-turned-argument between a few people over an incident. There are feamale characters too but the names have not been finalised yet}}</ref> Later, Ghosh's involvement with the film was revealed to be a rumour, and [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Arunoday Banerjee]] came as his alternative.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-14 |title=Srijit Mukherji announces his next film; Shares a photo with the cast |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-announces-his-next-film-shares-a-photo-with-the-cast/articleshow/110119310.cms |access-date=2025-01-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Srijit Mukherji is back with #OnMyOwnTerm with Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/srijit-mukherji-is-back-with-onmyownterm-with-shotti-bole-shotti-kichu-nei/98e71ed36b410 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> [[Ananya Chatterjee]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-15 |title="হতাশ লাগে না, হয়তো কোনও সঙ্গী চলে এল! সেই দরজা খোলা আছে", অকপট অনন্যা চট্টোপাধ্যায় |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/exclusive-interview-actress-ananya-chatterjee-talks-about-her-work-and-shares-her-opinion-on-several-topics-dgtlx/cid/1524032 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Anandabazar Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Anjan |date=2025-01-17 |title=ইনসিকিয়োর হলে হারিয়ে যাওয়ার ভাবনা আসতে পারে |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/ananya-chatterjee-and-anirban-chakraborty-new-film-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-comming-soon/200338288.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref> and [[Sauraseni Maitra]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=সৌরসেনীকে ওজন বাড়াতে নির্দেশ সৃজিতের! দু'মাস সময়ও দিলেন, নেপথ্যের কারণ ঘিরে রহস্য |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-warns-sauraseni-maitra-to-gain-her-weight-within-two-months-dgtl/cid/1512218 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Anandabazar Online}}</ref> joined the cast in January 2024, replacing Roopa Ganguly and Swastika Mukherjee respectively from ''Dozen''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotlighting some of the much-awaited Bengali films set to release in the first half of 2025 |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/spotlighting-some-of-the-much-awaited-bengali-films-set-to-release-in-the-first-half-of-2025/1272176 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en}}</ref> On the other hand, Satyam Bhattacharya and [[Riddhi Sen]] were revealed to play another pivotal roles,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-19 |title=সৃজিতের নতুন ছবি, এক ডজন বিচারক ও একটি মামলা! |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/video/riddhi-sen-satyam-bhattacharya-talks-about-srijit-mukherjis-new-movie-shotyi-boley-shotyi-kichhu-nei-dgtl/cid/1504052 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Anandabazar Online}}</ref> both of whom got replaced by Suhotra Mukherjee and [[Arjun Chakrabarty]] respectively for unknown reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-16 |title=Srijit ropes in a stellar cast for his upcoming social drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-ropes-in-a-stellar-cast-for-his-upcoming-social-drama/articleshow/110166812.cms |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ভট্টাচার্য্য |first=তোর্ষা |date=2025-01-16 |title=ভিত্তিহীন কথা আমায় স্পর্শ করে না, নিজের কাজ আর সংসার নিয়ে ব্যস্ত থাকতেই ভালবাসি: অর্জুন |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/arjun-chakraborty-on-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-srijit-mukherjee-personal-life-entertainment-news-tollywood-1115674 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
In February 2024, [[Anirban Chakrabarti]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=ভট্টাচার্য্য |first=তোর্ষা |date=2025-01-17 |title=সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় সব ছড়িয়ে দিলে আর ব্যক্তিগত জীবন কী রইল: অনির্বাণ |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/anirban-chakraborty-shares-his-experience-of-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-personal-life-entertainment-news-tollywood-1115850 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref> and Phalguni Chatterjee joined the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Akash |date=2024-06-10 |title=সৃজিতের ছবির শুটিং ফ্লোরে দুর্ঘটনা! গুরুতর আহত অভিনেতা ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায় |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/actor-phalguni-chatterjee-injured-during-shooting-of-srijits-new-movie/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Subrata |title=Srijit Mukherji's upcoming Bengali flick Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei gets its teaser released |url=https://neherald.com/showbiz/srijit-mukherjis-upcoming-bengali-flick-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-gets-its-teaser-released |access-date=2025-01-18 |website= Northeast Herald |language=English}}</ref> The character which was to be portrayed by Rituparno Ghosh before, was reported having [[Anirban Bhattacharya]] in it.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Srijit Mukherji is back with #OnMyOwnTerm with Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/srijit-mukherji-is-back-with-onmyownterm-with-shotti-bole-shotti-kichu-nei/98e71ed36b410 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Chiranjeet Chakraborty, who was rumoured to be a part of the film, got replaced by [[Kaushik Sen]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-04 |title=8 actors and actresses in Srijit Mukherji's Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichu Nei |url=https://www.ottplay.com/web-stories/8-actors-and-actresses-in-srijit-mukherjis-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=OTTplay |language=en}}</ref> In May 2024, [[Adrit Roy]] was reported to feature in the film, which was later proved to be a rumour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=সৃজিতের ছবি থেকে অনির্বাণ বাদ, ঢুকে পড়লেন পরমব্রত-আদৃত! এই ছবির নায়িকা কে |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/report-are-there-adrit-roy-and-parambrata-chatterjee-on-board-for-srijit-mukherjee-film-replacing-anirban-bhattacharya-31715148756965.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508072048/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/report-are-there-adrit-roy-and-parambrata-chatterjee-on-board-for-srijit-mukherjee-film-replacing-anirban-bhattacharya-31715148756965.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 May 2024 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> The same month, Bhattacharya opted out of the project due to his date issues and [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] came on the board replacing him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=Srijit Mukherji: পরম ইন, অনির্বাণ আউট! সৃজিত বোঝালেন, 'সত্যিই সত্যি বলে কিছু নেই'... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-reveals-the-star-cast-of-his-upcoming-film-sotti-bole-sotti-kichu-nei_521681.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Zee24Ghanta.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ঘোষ |first=ভাস্বতী |date=2024-05-08 |title=সৃজিতের ছবিতে নেই অনির্বাণ, থাকছেন পরমব্রত |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/anirban-bhattacharya-is-not-working-in-srijit-mukherji-film-sotti-bole-sotti-kichu-nei/109952067.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref> The final casting was revealed on 23 May 2024.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=কুন্ডু |first=কস্তুরী |date=2024-05-14 |title=তারকাখচিত সৃজিতের 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই', প্রকাশ্যে সিনেমার স্টার কাস্ট |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/srijit-mukherji-reveals-the-star-cast-of-upcoming-movie-sotti-bole-sotti-kichu-nei/110122428.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
The initial cast when Mukherji intended to make this film was (respectively according to juror no.) Kaushik Ganguly, Srijato, Anjan Dutt, [[Dipankar De]], Ritwick Chakraborty, Kanchan Mullick, Swastika Mukherjee, Rituparno Ghosh, [[Manoj Mitra]], Rudranil Ghosh, [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] and Roopa Ganguly.<br />
=== Filming ===<br />
[[Principal photography]] of the film began on 10 June 2024 in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Shamayita |date=2024-06-10 |title=Srijit Mukherji's Shotti Bole Shotti Kichu Nei: Falguni Chatterjee meets with an accident at shooting |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/srijit-mukherjis-shotti-bole-shotti-kichu-nei-falguni-chatterjee-meets-with-an-accident-at-shooting/adc1cd1dfb754 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=OTTPlay |language=en |quote=On the first day of shooting, veteran actor Phalguni Chatterjee met with an accident.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=সৃজিতের প্রথম দিনের শুটিংয়েই দুর্ঘটনা! কাচ ভেঙে পায়ে সেলাই ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/falguni-chatterjee-heavily-injured-in-the-day-one-shoot-of-srijit-mukherjis-sottyi-bole-sottyi-kichu-nei-dgtlx/cid/1523025 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Anandabzar Online}}</ref> On the first day of shooting, veteran actor Phalguni Chatterjee met with an accident during the shot of an action sequence with shattering glass.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-06-11 |title=চোটকে বুড়ো আঙুল দেখিয়ে শুটিং ফ্লোরে ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায় - Phalguni Chatterjee |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!entertainment/actor-phalguni-chatterjee-returns-to-shooting-floor-a-day-after-injury-wbs24061101592 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=bn}}</ref> He got hurt when the glass shattered having severe cuts on his leg, hands, and face and he bled profusely.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2024-06-11 |title=সৃজিতের ছবির প্রথম দিনের শ্যুটিংয়েই বিপত্তি, আহত অভিনেতা ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায়, কেমন আছেন এখন? |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/actor-phalguni-chatterjee-injured-in-srijit-mukherji-movie-set-as-set-broke-down-1074035 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-11 |title=সৃজিতের সেটে মাথায় ভেঙে পড়ে কাঁচ, বাবার খোঁজে হাসপাতালে ছুট আবিরের |url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjee-father-phalguni-chatterjee-get-injured-at-the-set-of-srijit-mukherjee-upcoming-film-1078500.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=TV9 Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> The shooting of the film was imagined to postponed as Chatterjee had two stitches on his leg, while it didn't happen as he rejoined the shooting the next day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Shamayita |date=2024-06-11 |title=Shotyi Bole Shyotyi Kichu Nei: Phalguni Chatterjee gets back to work after the accident |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shotyi-bole-shyotyi-kichu-nei-phalguni-chatterjee-gets-back-to-work-after-the-accident/0c8b237671371 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-10 |title=Phalguni Chatterjee Injured: সৃজিতের শ্যুটিঙে কাচ ভেঙে রক্তাক্ত ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায়, হাসপাতালে ছুটলেন আবীর... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/entertainment/phalguni-chatterjee-injured-on-first-day-shooting-of-srijit-mukherji-film-sotyi-bole-sotyi-kichu-nei_525840.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Zee24Ghanta.com |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
On 18 June 2024, production moved to [[Puri]] with the schedule for a week.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Priyanka |date=2024-06-10 |title=সৃজিতের ছবির সেটে রক্তাক্ত ফাল্গুনী চট্টোপাধ্যায়, ফোন পেয়েই হাসপাতালে ছুটল আবির |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjees-father-phalguni-chatterjee-injured-during-srijit-mukherjis-sottie-bole-sottie-kichu-nei-31718035743259.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619033544/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/abir-chatterjees-father-phalguni-chatterjee-injured-during-srijit-mukherjis-sottie-bole-sottie-kichu-nei-31718035743259.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn}}</ref> With the main twelve cast members, a particular scene was shot on the beach.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-26 |title=Srijit Mukherji wraps shooting for 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'; Sauraseni Maitra shares a sneak peek |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-wraps-shooting-for-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-sauraseni-maitra-shares-a-sneak-peek/articleshow/111287925.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> After the completion of the schedule, filming wrapped there on 26 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-06-26 |title=Srijit Mukherji wraps shooting for 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'; Sauraseni Maitra shares a sneak peek |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/srijit-mukherji-wraps-shooting-for-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-sauraseni-maitra-shares-a-sneak-peek/articleshow/111287925.cms |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |quote=After much speculation, Srijit took to social media around mid-May to share a picture of the ensemble cast of his film ''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei''.}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Post-production ===<br />
Post-production began on mid-August 2024, as Mukherji was busy in the promotion of his previous film ''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Akash |date=2024-09-30 |title=সঙ্গে কৌশিক, 'টেক্কা' মুক্তির আগেই নতুন ছবির কাজে ব্যস্ত সৃজিত! |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/srijit-mukherji-and-kaushik-ganguly-busy-with-dubbing/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref> On 30 September 2024, Kaushik Ganguly started dubbing his portions for the film first.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srijit Mukherji moves on to his next project, and completes dubbing with 'Dumbledore' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/srijit-mukherji-moves-on-to-his-next-project-and-completes-dubbing-with-dumbledore/7e72ae9919237 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title='টেক্কা' মুক্তির আগেই পরবর্তী ছবি নিয়ে ব্যস্ত সৃজিত! কৌশিকের সঙ্গে কী করছেন পরিচালক? |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/app/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-completes-dubbing-session-with-kaushik-ganguly-for-his-upcoming-film-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-dgtl/cid/1549708 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=[[Anandabazar Patrika|Anandabazar Online]]}}</ref> Subhadeep Guha began re-recording the film's background score during mid-July 2023.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhanja |first=Sandipta |date=2025-01-17 |title='আমি আসলে ফেঁসে গিয়েছি…', কেন বললেন সৃজিত? |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/srijit-mukherji-says-on-his-upcoming-film-sotti-bole-sotti-kichu-nei/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=sangbadpratidin |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Amit Chatterjee<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2025<br />
| recorded = 2024<br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = <br />
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br />
| label = [[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]<br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title = <br />
| prev_year = <br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The soundtrack of the film is composed by Amit Chatterjee, while Subhadeep Guha provided its score.<br />
<br />
The score featured in the teaser is a rendition of the music of the song, [[Shchedryk (song)|''Shchedryk'']], written by the Ukrainian composer [[Mykola Leontovych]] in 1914.<ref name=":2" /> <br />
<br />
The first single "Tomar Ghawre Bawshot Kawre " was released on 17 January 2025. It is an adaptation of the song with the same name, originally composed by Zahid Ahmed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title=টেক্কার পর সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই-তেও সৃজিতের তুরুপের তাস রাপূর্ণার গান! তোমার ঘরে বসত করে-তে মুগ্ধ নেটপাড়া |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-directorial-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-new-song-tomar-ghawre-bawshot-kore-out-now-sung-by-rapurna-31737196421301.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119134518/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-directorial-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-new-song-tomar-ghawre-bawshot-kore-out-now-sung-by-rapurna-31737196421301.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2025 |access-date=18 January 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=19 January 2025 |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Rahul |date=2024-12-27 |title=ইনস্টাগ্রামে গাওয়া থেকে সৃজিত মুখোপাধ্যায়ের তিনটি ছবিতে গানের হ্যাটট্রিক! মুখোমুখি রাপূর্ণা ভট্টাচার্য |url=https://aajkaal.in/story/33176/tekka_movie_famed_bengali_singer_rapurna_bhattacharya_talks_about_bengali_songs_srijit_mukherji_and_dev_ent |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=aajkaal.in |language=en}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 6:04<br />
| music_width = <br />
| lyrics_width = Zahid Ahmed<br />
| title1 = Tomar Ghawre Bawshot Kawre<br />
| extra1 = Rapurna Bhattacharyya<br />
| title2 = Murshid Piya<br />
| length2 = 3:08<br />
| extra2 = Sameer<br />
| note1 = <br />
| length1 = 2:46<br />
| lyrics1 = Zahid Ahmed<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Marketing ==<br />
The first looks of a total of twelve characters from ''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'', each with six were released in two phases; the first on 27 June, which revealed [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[Ananya Chatterjee]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], Phalguni Chatterjee and [[Kanchan Mullick]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichu Nei: Check out the LOOK REVEAL of Parambrata Chatterjee, Ritwick Chakraborty, and others |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-check-out-the-look-reveal-of-parambrata-chatterjee-ritwick-chakraborty-and-others/88bbd92870479 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Srijit Mukherji's New Film: ফার্স্ট লুকেই চমক! ১২ চরিত্র নিয়ে সৃজিতের নতুন ছবি... |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bengali/photos/srijit-mukherji-upcoming-movie-12-actor-first-look-revealed-528097 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=Zee24Ghanta.com |language=bn}}</ref> and the second on 28 June 2024 which revealed [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Kaushik Sen]], [[Anirban Chakrabarti]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]], [[Rahul Banerjee (actor)|Rahul Arunoday Banerjee]] and Suhotra Mukherjee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichu Nei: Check out the new PHOTOS as Srijit Mukherji REVEALS the names of the old cast from 14 years |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-check-out-the-new-photos-as-srijit-mukherji-reveals-the-names-of-the-old-cast-from-14-years/5918d70f55298 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> On 20 December 2024, the makers announced the release date of the film with a poster.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-21 |title=The poster of Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-poster-of-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-is-out/articleshow/116528403.cms |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-21 |title=Srijit Mukherji's Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei set for January 2025 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-adaptation-of-ek-ruka-hua-faisla-set-for-january-2025-release/cid/2072369 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><br />
<br />
The teaser of the film was released on 23 December 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Piya |date=2024-12-23 |title=The teaser of Srijit Mukherji's upcoming film Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei promises a riveting drama featuring a starry ensemble cast |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-teaser-of-srijit-mukherji-s-upcoming-film-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-promises-a-riveting-drama-featuring-a-starry-ensemble-cast/1264190 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-23 |title=The teaser of Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-teaser-of-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-is-out/articleshow/116601097.cms |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> which had a controversial response because of using the theme music of [[Mykola Leontovych|Lentovych]]'s 1916 composition ''[[Shchedryk (song)|Shchedyrk]]'', while it was revealed to be official.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitra |first=Pooja |date=2024-12-26 |title=Basu Chatterjee's 'Ek Ruka Hua Faisla' gets a brand new version |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/srijit-mukherji-releases-teaser-of-his-next-film-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-based-on-basu-chatterjees-ek-ruka-hua-faisla/cid/2073312 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2024-12-21 |title=Srijit Mukherji's Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei teaser out |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-adapts-ek-ruka-hua-faisla-for-his-next-film/cid/2072869 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref> The trailer of the film was launched at an event at [[Kolkata Town Hall]] on 13 January 2025,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Piya |date=2025-01-15 |title=The powerful trailer of Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei touches upon topical issues |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/the-powerful-trailer-of-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-touches-upon-topical-issuesc2a0/1294350 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.t2online.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2025-01-13 |title=''Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei'' trailer: Parambrata Chattopadhyay stars in Srijit Mukherji's ''Ek Ruka Hua Faisla'' adaptation |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-exploration-of-truth-in-adaptation-of-ek-ruka-hua-faisla/cid/2077276 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref> where the cast members and Mukherji were spotted dressed in striking black-and-white attire.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2025-01-14 |title=In Pictures: Tollywood stars shine at 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei' trailer launch |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/parambrata-chattopadhyay-srijit-mukherji-and-other-stars-shine-at-kolkata-event-photogallery/cid/2077403?slide=1 |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Telegraph Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2025-01-13 |title='সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই' এই সমাজেরই একটা চিত্র: সৃজিত |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-talks-about-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-film-entertainment-news-tollywood-1115271 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Release ==<br />
=== Theatrical ===<br />
The film was initially rumoured to be released on [[Christmas]] 2024. However, the film released on 23 January 2025 on the occasion of [[Netaji Jayanti]], after the makers announced its date with the unveiling of a poster.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananda |first=A. B. P. |date=2024-12-23 |title=সৃজিতের 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই'-এর প্রথম ঝলকে চমক পরমব্রত |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjee-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-teaser-out-parambrata-stole-all-eyes-entertainment-news-tollywood-1111842 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=bengali.abplive.com |language=bn}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Home media ===<br />
The film is scheduled to have its digital premier on "Hoichoi" on 18 April 2025.<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Sudeep Ghosh of ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' rated the film 8.5 out of 10 stars and wrote "Srijit Mukherji deserves special praise for moulding the screenplay in a modern set piece. The dream angle added by Srijit takes the film out of the monotony of the four walls and sets the discussion in various locations, which makes opportunity for a brilliant camera work." He also praised the acting acumen of each of the twelve actors and their uniquely written characters in the story by Mukherjee.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=সুদীপ |last1=ঘোষ |title=পুরনো ছবির মর্মবিন্দু অক্ষুণ্ণ রেখে সৃজিতের ছবিতে সমকালীন বিতর্কিত মূল্যবোধ উঠে এসেছে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/review-of-bengali-film-sotti-bole-sotti-kichu-nei-directed-by-srijit-mukherji-dgtl/cid/1576847 |access-date=2025-01-24 |website=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|date=2025-01-24 |language=bn}}{{rating|8.5|10}}</ref> Subhasmita Kanji of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 4.5/5 stars and opined "Mukherjee has pulled a seasoned caste where the 12 people are not same, each one represents a different cast, religion, language, sexual orientation, etc. Every actor has shrewdly done their roles." She specially praised the director for integrating the song ''Tomar Ghawre Boshot Kore Koyjona'' into the film to show the breaking of the four walls of a room which metaphorically represented the breaking of the barriers of our insular mind.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title=Review: বছরের শুরুতেই ছক্কা সৃজিতের! তারকাদের ভিড়ে উজ্জ্বল পরমব্রত, কেমন হল সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-review-starrer-parambrata-chatterjee-kaushik-ganguly-koushik-sen-others-31737695335470.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217065747/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichu-nei-review-starrer-parambrata-chatterjee-kaushik-ganguly-koushik-sen-others-31737695335470.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2025 |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=24 January 2025 |language=bn}}{{rating|4.5|5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sampali Moulik of ''[[Sangbad Pratidin]]'' reviewed the film and termed it as one of the best of Mukherjee's works. She noted "A dialogue dependent film, every character has a proper past, aspiration and vulnerability, which is supported by a strong screenplay. The suppressed tension in the jury is aptly carried throughout the film by the seasoned acting of the 12 actors, the cinematography by Halder and the accompanying song by Rapurna."<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Sandipta |last1=Bhanja |title=সৃজিতের মাস্টারস্ট্রোক 'সত্যি বলে সত্যি কিছু নেই', পড়ুন রিভিউ |url=https://sangbadpratidin.in/film-review/srijit-mukherji-helmed-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-review |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=2025-01-24 |language=bn}}</ref> Abhirup Ghosh of [[The Telegraph (India)|''t2 Online'']] reviewed the film and expressed "Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei is vintage Srijit Mukherji! Terrific dialogues, landed through tremendous performances by the entire cast, make this a super intriguing watch." He praised the dialogues with their wordplay and puns, Bhowmik’s precise yet stylised editing, intense yet funny conflicts and arguments between the different characters and also termed it as a "rare multi-starrer where each cast member gets almost equal prominence and ample moments to shine."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Abhirup |title='Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei is an explosion of drama, humour and emotions' |url=https://t2online.in/not-in-use/lgbtq/-shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei-is-an-explosion-of-drama-humour-and-emotions-/1310258 |access-date=1 February 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=28 January 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Poorna Banerjee of ''[[The Times of India]]'' addressed Parambrata Chatterjee's character as "the conscience of human mind". She rated it 4/5 stars and quoted "Mukherji’s script weaves various subplots seamlessly into the narrative. Some of these unfold subtly in the background, adding layers of intrigue to the scenes. His meticulous framing allows multiple stories to coexist within a single shot. The film challenges not just its characters but also the audience, urging them to scrutinise evidence and confront their own biases. It prompts viewers to reflect on the myriad faces they encounter daily and the unseen truths beneath." She also praised the performances by the cast members, cinematography and especially its music which evoked familiarity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Banerjee |first=Poorna |date=2025-01-23 |title=Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei Movie Review : Of perspectives, perceptions and prejudices |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/shotyi-bole-shotyi-kichhu-nei/movie-review/117554506.cms |access-date=2025-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |quote=The human mind works in complex ways, and Srijit Mukherji’s Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei delves deeply into its many layers. An adaptation of Ek Ruka Hua Faisla (itself based on Reginald Rose’s teleplay Twelve Angry Men), the film explores the biases, prejudices, perceptions, and life experiences that shape our judgments.}}</ref> According to Agnivo Niyogi of [[The Telegraph (India)|''The Telegraph'']], the star of the film is Parambrata Chatterjee. He noted "The exchanges between the characters are taut, filled with tension and layered with thoughtful reflections, and the focus shifts from the accused to the decision-making process that is as flawed as the social systems that this motley bunch of people are a part of." Adding the film to be one of the best directorials in Mukherji's career, he wrote that the use of shadow and light emphasised the moral ambiguity at the heart of the film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyogi |first=Agnivo |date=2025-01-24 |title=Parambrata Chattopadhyay is the star of Srijit Mukherji's 'Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherjis-version-of-ek-ruka-hua-faisla-bares-contemporary-biases/cid/2079362 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=tt35118088}}<br />
{{Srijit Mukherji}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2025 films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Bengali-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:2020s legal thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about juries]]<br />
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about capital punishment]]<br />
[[Category:Films about discrimination]]<br />
[[Category:2020s legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]<br />
[[Category:Twelve Angry Men]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]<br />
[[Category:Films about murder]]<br />
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]<br />
[[Category:Films based on television plays]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:SVF Entertainment films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian legal thriller films]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Odisha]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=S._S._Rajamouli_filmography&diff=531326S. S. Rajamouli filmography2026-05-05T22:11:25Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|none}}<br />
[[File:S. S. Rajamouli at RRR promotions.jpg|thumb|Rajamouli at the promotions of 2022 film ''[[RRR]]'']]<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br />
<br />
[[S. S. Rajamouli]] is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is best known for his work in [[Action film|action]], [[fantasy]], and [[Epic film|epic]] films. He has directed thirteen feature films so far. His films are typically characterised by their epic grandeur, unbridled [[Hero|heroism]] and larger-than-life characters. His films have themes and characters inspired from [[Indian epic poetry|ancient Indian epics]] and are noted for their integration of the emotions in those ancient epics with visual grandeur.<br />
<br />
== Film ==<br />
{{Pending films key}}''All the films given are of [[Telugu language]] unless mentioned''.<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"<br />
|+List of S. S. Rajamouli film credits<br />
! rowspan="2" |Year<br />
! rowspan="2" |Title<br />
! colspan="2" |Credited as<br />
! rowspan="2" |Notes<br />
|-<br />
! scope="col" |Director<br />
! scope="col" |Screenwriter<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Student No: 1]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{no}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Simhadri (2003 film)|Simhadri]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|Debut as screenwriter<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
! scope="row" | ''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Chatrapathi (2005 film)|Chatrapathi]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Vikramarkudu]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Yamadonga]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Magadheera]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Maryada Ramanna]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Eega]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|Also story writer; [[Multiple-language version|Shot simultaneously]] in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Naan Ee''<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|Shot simultaneously in Tamil<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|Shot simultaneously in Tamil<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
! scope="row" |''[[RRR]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
! scope="row" |''[[Baahubali: The Epic]]''<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| Combined re-release version of ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning|The Beginning]]'' and ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion|The Conclusion]]''<br />
|-<br />
|2027<br />
|{{Pending film|[[Varanasi (film)|Varanasi]]}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| {{yes}}<br />
| Filming<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2025 |title=Mahesh Babu and Prithviraj Sukumaran begin shooting for SS Rajamouli's SSMB 29 in Odisha |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/mahesh-babu-and-prithviraj-sukumaran-begin-shooting-for-ss-rajamouli-s-ssmb-29-in-odisha-article-12958250.html |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Other credits in films==<br />
===Acting credits===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+List of S. S. Rajamouli film acting credits<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|''[[Sye (2004 film)|Sye]]''<br />
|Nalla Balu's henchman <br />
|Uncredited cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|''[[Rainbow (2008 film)|Rainbow]]''<br />
|Himself <br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2009 || ''[[Magadheera]]'' || Himself || Uncredited cameo appearance in "Anaganaganaga" song ||<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|''[[Eega]]''<br />
|Person who throws cigarette on ground and in traffic as bike driver<br />
|Uncredited cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2015<br />
| ''[[Baahubali: The Beginning]]''<br />
| Sprit seller<br />
| Uncredited cameo appearance before the song "Manohari"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|''[[Majnu (2016 film)|Majnu]]''<br />
|Himself <br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
| ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' || Himself || Uncredited cameo appearance in "Ettara Jenda" song ||<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''<br />
|Bounty hunter <br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[RRR: Behind and Beyond]]''<br />
|Himself<br />
|Documentary film<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=RRR: Behind & Beyond - Makers To Release A Documentary On SS Rajamouli's Blockbuster, Share First Poster |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/rrr-behind-beyond-makers-to-release-a-documentary-on-ss-rajamoulis-blockbuster-7208242 |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=NDTV |language=en}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Other roles===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+List of S. S. Rajamouli other film role credits<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
!Notes<br />
!{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|''[[Rajanna]]''<br />
|Action choreographer<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2012<br />
|''[[Eega]]''<br />
|Narrator <br />
|Voice role<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Andala Rakshasi]]''<br />
|Co-producer<br />
|<br />
|<ref name="IBN1">{{Cite news |date=27 July 2012 |title=SS Rajamouli buys shares in 'Andala Rakshasi' |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ss-rajamouli-buys-a-share-of-andala-rakshasi/274932-71-216.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730025205/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ss-rajamouli-buys-a-share-of-andala-rakshasi/274932-71-216.html |archive-date=30 July 2012 |access-date=1 August 2012 |work=[[CNN-IBN|IBN]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|''[[Radhe Shyam]]''<br />
|Narrator for [[Telugu language|Telugu]] version <br />
|Voice role<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli, Shivarajkumar and Prithiviraj give voice-over to Radhe Shyam |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/27/ss-rajamouli-shivarajkumar-and-prithiviraj-give-voice-over-to-radhe-shyam-29976.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302174104/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/27/ss-rajamouli-shivarajkumar-and-prithiviraj-give-voice-over-to-radhe-shyam-29976.html |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Television ==<br />
{{Pending films key}}<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+List of S. S. Rajamouli television credits<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Credited as<br />
!Network<br />
!Language<br />
!Notes<br />
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Santhi Nivasam (TV series)|''Santhi Nivasam'']]<br />
|Director, Story writer<br />
|[[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Telugu<br />
|<br />
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U42JI-5yDRs |title=శాంతి నివాసం సీరియల్ టైటిల్ సాంగ్ {{!}} Santhi Nivasam Serial Title Song |last= |publisher=Nee Tv Telugu |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=":052">{{cite web |date=2005-09-22 |title=Interview with SS Rajamouli by Jeevi – Chatrapathi |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/ssrajamouli.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|''Yuva''<br />
|Himself<br />
|[[MAA TV]]<br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=19 November 2007 |title=Yuva TV serial launch function – Telugu cinema function |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/launch-yuva-tv.html |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|''Come on India''<br />
|Host<br />
|[[HMTV]]<br />
|<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=23 April 2016 |title=Nagarjuna reveals his troubles with Hyderabad traffic on Rajamouli's show |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-23/Nagarjuna-reveals-his-troubles-with-Hyderabad-traffic-on-Rajamoulis-show/223752 |website=The Hans India}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|''Bollywood and Beyond: A Century of Indian Cinema''<br />
|Himself<br />
|[[BBC Four]]<br />
|English<br />
|TV documentary<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood and Beyond: A Century of Indian Cinema |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2015/36/bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2015/36/bollywood-and-beyond/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2017–2020<br />
|''[[Baahubali: The Lost Legends]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Executive producer<br />
|[[Netflix]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
English<br />
| rowspan="2" |Creator<br />
|<ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2019 |title=Legend of Baahubali continues! |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/legend-of-baahubali-continues-522738 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |2024<br />
|''[[Baahubali: Crown of Blood]]''<br />
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]<br />
|Hindi<br />
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-05-17 |title='Baahubali: Crown of Blood' review: SS Rajamouli and Sharad Devarajan's animation series needed more punch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/baahubali-crown-of-blood-review-ss-rajamouli-and-sharad-devarajans-animation-series-needed-more-punch/article68181492.ece |access-date=2024-06-19 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''[[Modern Masters: S. S. Rajamouli]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Himself<br />
| rowspan="3" |Netflix<br />
|English<br />
|Documentary film<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-06 |title=Netflix Documentary 'Modern Masters: SS Rajamouli' honors the brilliant creator behind 'Baahubali' and Academy Award-winning 'RRR' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflix-documentary-modern-masters-ss-rajamouli-honors-the-brilliant-creator-behind-baahubali-and-academy-award-winning-rrr-13790039.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[The Ba***ds of Bollywood]]''<br />
| rowspan="2" |Hindi<br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jhansi |date=2025-02-06 |title=Unbelievable: SS Rajamouli with 3 Khans? |url=https://www.m9.news/bollywood/aryan-khans-netflix-show-bads-of-bollywood-biggest-stars-cameos/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|{{N/A}}<br />
|''[[Baahubali: Before the Beginning]]''<br />
|Producer<br />
|Shelved<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |date=3 August 2018 |title=Netflix to feature Baahubali prequel |publisher=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/netflix-to-feature-baahubali-prequel/article24586711.ece |access-date=3 August 2018 |via=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Video games ===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Title<br />
!Role<br />
! class="unsortable" |Notes<br />
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|''[[Death Stranding 2: On the Beach]]''<br />
|The Adventurer <br />
|Cameo appearance<br />
|<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Franey |first1=Will Sawyer Contributions from Joel |last2=published |first2=Oscar Taylor-Kent |date=2025-06-27 |title=Full Death Stranding 2 cast and cameos list |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/games/action/death-stranding-2-cast-cameos/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=GamesRadar+ |language=en |quote=The Adventurer – S.S. Rajamouli: Indian writer and filmmaker best known for the bonkers action in his work, such as RRR and the two Baahubali movies and two television shows.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Obias |first=Rudie |date=2025-06-26 |title='Death Stranding 2: On The Beach' Is Out Now for the Sony Playstation 5 |url=https://variety.com/2025/shopping/news/death-stranding-2-on-the-beach-gaming-buy-online-1236441975/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* {{IMDb name|id=1442514}}<br />
{{S. S. Rajamouli}}<br />
[[Category:Director filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]<br />
[[Category:S. S. Rajamouli]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=INS_Ajay_(1990)&diff=503454INS Ajay (1990)2026-05-05T17:17:45Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{other ships|INS Ajay}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}{{italic title|string=Ajay}}<br />
{{refimprove|date=August 2010}}<br />
{{Infobox ship<br />
|section1={{Infobox ship/image<br />
|image=<br />
|image_caption=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|section2={{Infobox ship/career<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|country=India<br />
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}<br />
|name= INS ''Ajay''<br />
|namesake= <br />
|ordered= <br />
|builder= <br />
|laid_down= <br />
|launched= <br />
|acquired= <br />
|commissioned= 24 January 1990<br />
|decommissioned= 19 September 2022<br />
|in_service= <br />
|out_of_service= <br />
|struck= <br />
|reinstated= <br />
|honours= <br />
|fate= <br />
|status=Decommissioned<br />
|notes= <br />
|badge = }}<br />
<br />
|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics<br />
|hide_header=<br />
|header_caption=<br />
|class={{sclass|Abhay|corvette}}<br />
|displacement= 485 tons full load<br />
|length= {{convert|56.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|beam= {{convert|10.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|draught=<br />
|draft= {{convert|3.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<br />
|propulsion= 2 diesel motors with {{cvt|16,184|hp|lk=in}} and 2 shafts (Another report says 4 engines)<br />
|speed= {{convert|28|kn|0}}, ({{convert|32|kn|0}} according to Jane's)<br />
|range= {{convert|2400|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|kn}}<br />
|complement= 97 (incl. 7 officers), (Jane's lists 32, with 6 officers)<br />
|sensors=*1 × MR 352 Pozitiv-E search radar<br />
*1 × Pechora navigation radar<br />
*1 × Rat Tail VDS sonar <br />
|EW=<br />
|armament=*1 × quad [[Strela 2|Strela-2M]] (SA-N-5) [[Surface-to-air missile|SAM]]<br />
*1 × [[AK-257|AK-76/60 76 mm gun]]<br />
*4 × 533 mm torpedo tubes, SET-65E anti-submarine torpedoes<br />
*2 × RBU 1200 five-tubed<br />
|armour= <br />
|armor= <br />
|aircraft= <br />
|aircraft_facilities= <br />
|notes= <br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''INS ''Ajay'' (P34)''' was an {{sclass|Abhay|corvette}}, in service with the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=in-abhay>{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_abhay.htm |url-status=dead |title=Abhay Class – (Abhay, Ajay, Akshay, Agray) |website=Indian Navy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223133238/http://indiannavy.nic.in/corvettes_abhay.htm |archive-date=23 February 2012}}</ref> She inherited her name from [[INS Ajay (1960)|INS ''Ajay'']], the first warship built in independent India, which served in the Navy from 1960–1974.<br />
<br />
INS ''Ajay'' was commissioned on 24 January 1990 at [[Poti]], Soviet Union (now in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]) as part of the 23rd Patrol Vessel Squadron under the operational control of [[Flag Officer Commanding Maharashtra Naval Area]]. Vice Admiral A.G. Thapliyal served as the ship's first commanding officer. The ship participated in several naval operations including [[Operation Talwar]] during the [[Kargil War]] and [[Operation Parakram]] in 2001.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=INS Ajay Decommissioned After 32 Glorious Years of Service|url=https://indiannavy.nic.in/content/ins-ajay-decommissioned-after-32-glorious-years-service|date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Indian Navy}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Decommissioning ==<br />
INS ''Ajay'' was decommissioned on 19 September 2022 at a ceremony held at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai, after over 32 years in active service. Vice Admiral [[Ajendra Bahadur Singh]], Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Western Naval Command was the chief guest for the function, Vice Admiral Thapliyal (Retd) was the guest of honour, and over 400 personnel including Flag Officers, senior officers from the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Indian Coast Guard, and officers and men of the commissioning crew, crew of previous commissions as well as the ships present crew and families attended the decommissioning.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ajay (P34)}}<br />
[[Category:Abhay-class corvettes]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narayana_Nethralaya&diff=520527Narayana Nethralaya2026-05-03T14:53:50Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added a entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Eye hospital in Bengaluru, India}}<br />
{{Infobox hospital<br />
| name = Narayana Nethralaya<br />
| image = Narayana Netharlaya Profile.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250<br />
| location = Multiple campuses in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India:<br />
* '''Rajajinagar''' (main): #121/C, Chord Road, 1st ‘R’ Block, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010<br />
* '''Bommasandra''': #258/A, Hosur Road, Bommasandra, Bengaluru 560099<br />
* '''Bannerghatta Road''': No.63, Next to Royal Meenakshi Mall, Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru 560076<br />
* '''Indiranagar''': #1/1, 1st Main, Binnamangala, Defence Colony, 100 Feet Road, Indiranagar, Bengaluru 560038<br />
* '''Whitefield''' (opened February 2025): Plot 3-C, Phase I, Doddenakkundi Industrial Area, Mahadevapura P.O., Next to Seetharamapalya Metro Station, Bengaluru 560048<br />
| specialty = [[Ophthalmology]]<br />
| founded = 1982 (by K. Bhujang Shetty)<br />
| website = https://www.narayananethralaya.org<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Narayana Nethralaya''' is a [[Hospital#Specialized|super-specialty]] eye care hospital based in [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. The institution operates several campuses across the city and provides ophthalmic services, along with medical research and community-based eye care programs. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
The hospital was founded in 1982 by ophthalmologist Dr. K. Bhujang Shetty as a small clinic in Srirampuram. A larger facility was established in [[Rajajinagar]] in 1993.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/doctor-who-took-eyecare-beyond-hospital-walls/articleshow/100389374.cms |title=Doctor who took eyecare beyond hospital walls |work=The Times of India |date=22 May 2023}}</ref> Additional campuses were later opened in [[Bommasandra]], [[Indiranagar, Bengaluru|Indiranagar]], [[Bannerghatta Road]], and [[Whitefield, Bengaluru|Whitefield]].<ref name="bangaloremirror">{{cite news |date=2025-03-01 |title=Achievers of Health Sector: Narayana Nethralaya: A Trusted Name in Eye Care |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/achievers-of-health-sector-narayana-nethralaya-a-trusted-name-in-eye-care/articleshow/118654695.cms |work=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2022, Narayana Nethralaya's free eye hospital was established in [[Tumkur]] inaugurated by the [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/narayana-nethralayas-cash-counter-free-eye-hospital-at-tumakuru-to-be-launched-on-december-7/article66227081.ece |title=Narayana Nethralaya's cash-counter-free eye hospital at Tumakuru to be launched on December 7 |work=The Hindu |date=7 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cm-inaugurates-free-eye-hospital-in-tumakuru/article66235048.ece |title=CM inaugurates free eye hospital in Tumakuru |work=The Hindu |date=8 December 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
Narayana Nethralaya has been actively involved in community outreach and eye donation programmes since its early years. The '''Dr. Rajkumar Eye Bank''', established in 1994 at the hospital's Rajajinagar campus and inaugurated by actor [[Dr. Rajkumar]], has facilitated thousands of corneal transplants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eye Bank |url=https://nneyefoundation.org/eye-bank/ |website=Narayana Nethralaya Eye Foundation}}</ref><br />
<br />
The eye bank gained further prominence after eye donations by members of Dr. Rajkumar's family. [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]] donated her eyes to the bank in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parvathamma Rajkumar donates her eyes to Narayana Nethralaya after death |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/parvathamma-rajkumar-donates-her-eyes-to-narayana-nethralaya-after-death/articleshow/58926794.cms |work=The Times of India |date=31 May 2017}}</ref> Following the death of actor [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] in October 2021 and his eye donation, which restored sight to four people, there was a significant surge in pledges. Narayana Nethralaya, which operates the eye bank, recorded nearly 1.28 lakh new eye pledges in the two years after his donation, along with the collection of 3,989 eyes for transplantation.<ref>{{cite news |title=Puneeth’s eye donation inspired nearly 1.28 lakh to pledge eyes in last two years; 3,989 eyes collected |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/puneeths-eye-donation-inspired-nearly-128-lakh-to-pledge-eyes-in-last-two-years-3989-eyes-collected/article67238446.ece |work=The Hindu |date=27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=One lakh pledge eyes following Puneeth Rajkumar’s death |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/one-lakh-pledge-eyes-following-puneeth-rajkumars-death/article65853844.ece |work=The Hindu |date=5 September 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Services and facilities ==<br />
Narayana Nethralaya provides specialised treatment in areas such as [[cataract]], [[refractive surgery]], [[retina]], [[glaucoma]], [[cornea]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[oculoplasty]]. The hospital has received [[NABH]] accreditation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/nabh-accreditation-for-narayana-nethralaya/article2973687.ece |title=NABH accreditation for Narayana Nethralaya |work=The Hindu |date=11 February 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
Narayana Nethralaya provides emergency ophthalmic care, including treatment of firecracker related eye injuries that occur during festivals such as Diwali. The hospital has reported treating dozens of such cases annually in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 90 cracker-related eye injuries reported across Bengaluru |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/over-90-cracker-related-eye-injuries-reportedacross-bengaluru-3771526 |work=Deccan Herald |date=21 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=But with 150 cases, no respite from eye injuries |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/civic/-but-with-150-cases-no-respite-from-eye-injuries/articleshow/124770261.cms |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=24 October 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
The hospital performs corneal transplantations and operates the Dr. Rajkumar Eye Bank to address corneal blindness. India faces a large gap between the demand and supply of donor corneas, with millions waiting for transplants nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eye donation: Huge gap between demand and supply in India |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/eye-donation-huge-gap-between-demand-and-supply-in-india/article65858235.ece |work=The Hindu |date=6 September 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Programs and research ==<br />
The hospital runs KIDROP, a free tele ROP screening program launched in 2008 in partnership with the [[Government of Karnataka]] to prevent blindness in premature infants in rural areas. The program has expanded nationwide.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ppp-with-karnataka-government-drives-kidrops-nationwide-expansion-in-preventing-infant-blindness/article70291839.ece |title=PPP with Karnataka government drives KIDROP's nationwide expansion in preventing infant blindness |work=The Hindu |date=12 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://journals.lww.com/ijo/fulltext/2020/68020/taking_subspecialty_pediatric_eye_care_to_the.8.aspx |title=Taking subspecialty pediatric eye care to the community – The Narayana Nethralaya model |journal=Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=68 |issue=Supplement 2 |pages=S41–S46 |date=February 2020 |doi=10.4103/ijo.IJO_201_20 |doi-broken-date=18 December 2025 |doi-access=free }}</ref><br />
<br />
Research activities are conducted through the GROW Research Laboratory. The hospital has developed [[gene therapies]] for [[ocular]] diseases and received approval for human clinical trials.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/bengaluru-based-eye-hospital-to-soon-start-human-clinical-trials-of-indigenous-gene-therapy-for-ocular-diseases/article67123498.ece |title=Bengaluru-based eye hospital to soon start human clinical trials of indigenous gene therapy for ocular diseases |work=The Hindu |date=18 August 2023}}</ref> In 2025, it announced plans to reduce gene therapy costs by 80%.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2025/Feb/03/narayana-nethralaya-to-cut-gene-therapy-costs-for-eye-diseases-by-80 |title=Narayana Nethralaya to cut gene therapy costs for eye diseases by 80% |work=The New Indian Express |date=3 February 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
Other initiatives include collaboration on an augmented reality device for low vision patients<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/eye-hospital-collaborates-with-private-firm-to-develop-augmented-reality-powered-device-for-those-with-low-vision/article68982244.ece |title=Eye hospital collaborates with private firm to develop augmented reality-powered device for those with low vision |work=The Hindu |date=18 October 2024}}</ref> and the operation of eye banks such as the Dr. Rajkumar Eye Bank<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-29 |title=Give a missed call to pledge sight at Dr. Rajkumar eye bank |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/give-a-missed-call-to-pledge-sight-at-dr-rajkumar-eye-bank/article38067133.ece |access-date=2025-12-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|Karnataka}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Narayana Nethralaya}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eye hospitals in India]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1982]]<br />
[[Category:Hospitals in Bengaluru]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakistani_dramas&diff=549633Pakistani dramas2026-04-30T05:19:37Z<p>DelmarTroiano: starting new post</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Pakistani television shows and dramas}}<br />
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}<br />
<br />
'''Pakistani dramas''', or '''Pakistani serials''', are [[Serial (radio and television)|televised serials]] produced in [[Pakistan]]. Although most of the serials are produced in [[Urdu]], an increasing number are produced in other [[Pakistani languages]] such as [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]. One of Pakistan's oldest television dramas is the Urdu serial ''[[Khuda Ki Basti (TV series)|Khuda Ki Basti]]'', which aired in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1169324|title=Old but not forgotten: Top 10 Pakistani dramas to re-watch now|last=Ahmad|first=Bisma|date=13 March 2015|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> Pakistani dramas, like serials elsewhere, reflect the country's culture. According to critics, the decades of the 1970s and 1980s are considered to be the golden age of Pakistani serials.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/why-turkish-soap-operas-are-a-hit-in-pakistan-20418|title=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|website=Why Turkish soap operas are a hit in Pakistan|language=en|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, a ''[[Dawn News]]'' report estimated that the five major entertainment channels combined produce around 80 dramas every year, with an average of 16 dramas per channel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Maleeha Hamid |last2=Samiuddin |first2=Shahrezad |date=26 June 2016 |title=The business of drama |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1266704 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204204048/https://www.dawn.com/news/1266704 |archive-date=4 December 2024 |website=[[Dawn News]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
They have helped to attract viewers nationwide to television.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/23/indian-tv-channel-show-pakistani-soaps|title=Indians to get peek into daily lives of Pakistanis with new soap opera channel|first=Jon|last=Boone|date=23 June 2014|website=the Guardian}}</ref> The serials are widely popular in [[South Asia]]n countries, including [[Afghanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv">{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/126730-The-Durand-Debate-Beyond-Boundaries-afghanistan-pakistan|title=The Durand Debate – Beyond Boundaries|website=www.geo.tv}}</ref> [[Bangladesh]],<ref name="tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/650893/bangladesh-government-to-ban-pakistan-tv-channels/|title=Bangladesh cable operators seek ban on Pakistani TV channels - The Express Tribune|date=26 December 2013}}</ref> [[India]] and [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk|date=31 March 2017}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Origin ==<br />
Many Pakistani dramas are based on [[Pakistani literature|Urdu novels]]. In the years following 1969, many authors, such as [[Umera Ahmad]] and [[Farhat Ishtiaq]], became television writers. Both Umera and Farhat have written content for [[Pakistani literature#Digests|digests]] as well as television serials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153194|title=Read pray love: Inside the enigmatic world of Urdu digests|last=Asif|first=Haseeb|date=6 July 2015|website=Herald Magazine|language=en|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmer |first=Imtiaz |title=Pakistani dramas |url=https://teatvapk.net/ |website=Pakistan Television PTV}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In recent years, Pakistani dramas have increasingly begun to tackle social issues that are considered taboos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/354672/tackling-societal-issues-through-televised-stories/|title=Tackling societal issues through televised stories|date=14 February 2019|website=Daily Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Social impact ==<br />
[[Feminism in Pakistan|Pakistani feminists]] are usually concerned about the depiction of women in Pakistani drama TV serials, they receive many of those with skepticism & reservation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1531866|title=The contrite gender formula of Meray Paas Tum Ho and the portrayal of women in cultural scripts|last=Zia|first=Afiya S.|date=3 February 2020|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> UK based Pakistani feminist Tasneem Ahmar, whose research institute focuses on the women-media relationships, complaints 99.99% of TV drama in Pakistan is misogynistic, patriarchal, medieval in its depiction and treatment of [[Women in Pakistan|women's]] issues.<ref name=":52" /> Ahmar says there is no doubt that Pakistani Drama TV serials are hugely popular among all strata of Pakistani society, but unfortunately they waste their potential of doing better in projecting progressive values rather than regressive values of women's depiction & support to equal rights.<ref name=":52">{{Cite news|last=Sarfraz|first=Mehmal|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-good-women-and-bad-women-of-serials/article30831052.ece|title=The 'good' and 'bad' women of serials: How a Pakistan show has triggered debates on depiction of women on television|date=15 February 2020|work=The Hindu|access-date=10 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><br />
<br />
<!--In 2019-20 a TV drama series ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]'' the serial which projects in conservative outlook towards limitations of [[Affair|extra marital relationships]] came at the backdrop of assertion of [[Aurat March|Women's rights movements]] in Pakistan. While largely conservative populace of Pakistan<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiapost.com/mere-paas-tum-ho-makes-you-believe-a-man-can-be-so-good/|title="Mere Paas Tum Ho" makes you believe a man can be so good!|website=India Post|language=en-US|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> overwhelmingly welcomed the TV serial; liberals & [[Feminism in Pakistan|feminists]] termed it as conservative backlash against assertion of their [[Human rights|rights]] hence controversial,''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/pakistani-women-are-ready-for-another-aurat-march-is-pakistan/|title=Pakistani Women Are Ready for Another Aurat March. Is Pakistan?|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Specially the script writer [[Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar]] got criticized for his misogynist views. Author Aisha Sarwari says drama convinces audience that it is okay to slur at and [[Slut-shaming|slut shame]] materialistic women, and this double standard is morally questionable since Pakistani society in general & bridegrooms in particular are known for [[dowry]] seeking and can not claim high moral ground vis a vis materialistic women.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://nayadaur.tv/2020/01/10-problematic-things-about-meray-paas-tum-ho/|title=10 Problematic Things About 'Meray Paas Tum Ho'|last=Sarwari|first=Aisha|date=26 January 2020|website=Naya Daur|language=en-US|access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> While actually Pakistan is known for acid attacks, domestic violence, serious levels of [[Honour killing in Pakistan|honor killings]] of women even at suggestion of [[freedom of choice]]. Sarwari says sadly depiction is falsified far from real life and one won't find even in 1000 km of [[South Asia]] any very positive, patient and giving protagonist as depicted in the drama.<ref name=":02" />--><br />
==Popularity outside Pakistan==<br />
{{also|List of Pakistani television series}}<br />
===Middle East===<br />
In 2013, the Pakistani drama ''[[Humsafar]]'' was dubbed into [[Arabic]] and broadcast by [[Middle East Broadcasting Center|MBC]] in the [[Middle East]] as ''Rafeeq-Al-Rooh''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh) takes the Arab world by the storm|access-date=21 August 2014|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081348/https://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?218169-Pakistani-drama-Humsafar-(Rafeeq-Al-Rooh)-takes-the-Arab-world-by-the-storm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The show was immediately successful and, after its first few episodes were broadcast, became the channel's most-watched drama. Before this, Pakistani dramas were not broadcast in the Middle East. After ''Humasafar'', other shows such as ''[[Malaal]]'' (aired as ''Hob-Wa-Nadam''), ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'' (aired as ''Asrar Al Hob''), ''[[Khaani]]'', ''[[Aisi Hai Tanhai]]'', ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' and several others were also dubbed into Arabic and broadcast by MBC.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyberbullying drama Aesi Hai Tanhai gets an international release |url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1180617/cyberbullying-drama-aesi-hai-tanhai-gets-an-international-release |access-date=7 August 2018 |work=Dawn |date=6 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/465044-feroze-khan-on-khaani-airing-on-saudi-arabian-tv |title=Feroze Khan on Khaani airing on Saudi Arabian TV |last=Shabbir |first=Buraq |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en|access-date=31 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashrqnews.com/post/141839/مسلسل-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-الاخيرة-زفاف-بلا-زوجين-الحلقة-30|title=مسلسل زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة الاخيرة .. زفاف بلا زوجين الحلقة 30|last=نيوز|first=المشرق|date=2019-05-31|website=المشرق نيوز|language=ar|access-date=2019-06-02}}</ref><br />
<br />
===India===<br />
Dramas such as ''Deewarein'', ''[[Waris (serial)|Waris]]'', and ''[[Jungle (PTV series)|Jungle]]'' were popular in India during the 1980s:<ref name = toi/> according to a 1988 ''[[India Today]]'' report which described it as an "invasion", Pakistani serials such as ''[[Tanhaiyaan|Tanhaiyan]]'', ''[[Ankahi]]'' and ''[[Sona Chandi]]'' gained remarkable popularity in India, to the extent that demand for their video cassettes rivaled or even surpassed that of Hindi films in some regions. According to the report, video libraries across [[North India]] and [[Western India]], with cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Lucknow, Jodhpur, Srinagar, and throughout Punjab widely stocked these Pakistani serials, with customers often returning repeatedly for the same titles. In Bombay, where all of the 3,000 video librairies stocked cassettes of Pakistani dramas as per the ''India Today'' report, their popularity was described as comparable to that of a major Bollywood release, such as [[Amitabh Bachchan]] films, offering Indian audiences a sense of nostalgia and a level of sophistication that critics argued was missing from contemporary Indian television. The phenomenon was partly attributed to the polished direction, strong acting, "technical perfection" and the emotional resonance these serials carried, evoking memories of pre-Partition cultural connections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 1988 |title=Pakistan TV-serials invade Indian homes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19880515-pakistan-tv-serials-invade-indian-homes-797225-1988-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122083512/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19880515-pakistan-tv-serials-invade-indian-homes-797225-1988-05-14 |archive-date=22 November 2024 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
Eventually, the [[Government of India|Indian government]] imposed a ban on Pakistani television channels in India.<ref name="toi">{{Cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-looking-to-reverse-ban-on-Pakistani-TV-channels/articleshow/14877070.cms|title = India looking to reverse ban on Pakistani TV channels|date = 14 July 2012|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher = Times of India|last = Parashar|first = Sachin}}</ref> In 2009, the [[Senate of Pakistan]]'s broadcasting division appealed to the [[Parliament of India]] to lift the ban. In 2012, India began debating whether to reverse the ban on Pakistani television channels. India assured Pakistan that it would consider a proposal by Pakistani foreign secretary Jalil Abbas Jilani to lift the ban.<ref name="toi" /><br />
<br />
Zee Entertainment Enterprises (ZEEL) launched an entertainment television channel, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]], on 23 June 2014.<ref name = ab>{{cite news|title=Bye-bye unending television dramas, welcome Zindagi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news/Bye-bye-unending-television-dramas-welcome-Zindagi/articleshow/37520651.cms|access-date=22 September 2014|publisher=Times of India|date=1 July 2014}}</ref> The channel aired syndicated television shows from Pakistan, and has been well received.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{Cite web|url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: cross-border love on screen|date = 7 June 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|publisher = Hindustan Times|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140703124216/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/zindagi-gulzar-hai-cross-border-love-on-screen/article1-1227084.aspx|archive-date = 3 July 2014|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref name = cb>{{cite news|title=Spotlight: A lifeline called Zindagi|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1114018|access-date=22 September 2014|work=DAWN.com|publisher=Asra Pasha}}</ref><ref name = z>{{cite web|title=Gear Up For Two New Shows On Zindagi|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Gear-Up-For-Two-New-Shows-On-Zindagi/articleshow/38217298.cms|website=businessinsider.in|access-date=22 September 2014|last=Sharma|first=Nandini|archive-date=13 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713235724/http://www.businessinsider.in/Gear-Up-For-Two-New-Shows-On-Zindagi/articleshow/38217298.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> It has been criticized, however, for showing dramas with a smaller number of episodes. To appease viewers,<ref name="tvc">{{cite web|url=http://www.zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/coming-up-new-hindi-channel-zindagi-june-23_155247.html|title=New Hindi channel Zindagi|publisher=[[Zee News]]|date=19 May 2014|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626112704/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/coming-up-new-hindi-channel-zindagi-june-23_155247.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name = nn>{{Cite web|url = https://www.dawn.com/news/1122357|title = Zindagi channel treats Indian viewers to the best Pakistani dramas on offer|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref><ref name = gg>{{Cite web|url = https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2014/0730/Why-do-Indians-like-Pakistani-soap-operas-so-much|title = Why do Indians like Pakistani soap operas so much?|date = 30 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = csmonitor.com|publisher = The Christian Science Monitor|last = Nazakat|first = Syed}}</ref> the channel aired hundreds of Pakistani television shows since then including ''[[Aunn Zara]]'', ''[[Humsafar]]'', ''[[Pyarey Afzal]]'', ''[[Zindagi Gulzar Hai]]'' and ''[[Meray Paas Tum Ho]]''.<ref name="ab" /><ref name="cb" /><ref name="z" /><ref name = nn/><ref name = gg/><ref name="bb">{{Cite web|url = https://www.dawn.com/news/1119811|title = Zindagi Gulzar Hai: Pakistani drama serials win hearts in India|date = 17 July 2014|access-date = 22 September 2014|website = dawn.com|publisher = Dawn}}</ref> ''Zindagi Gulzar Hai'' became so popular that it was re-run one month after it ended its initial run in India.<ref name="bb" /> In September 2016, however, Zindagi dropped all Pakistani shows from their line-up. In this way, [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] came to its end on television.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/new-line-up-on-zindagi-has-no-pakistani-serials-3053535/|title=New Line Up On Zindagi has no Pakistani serials|publisher=Indian Express|date=29 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/showbiz/zee-channel-zindagi-removes-pakistan-shows-announces-new-line-up-starting-october-3-1521365/|title=Zee channel Zindagi removes Pakistan shows, announces new line-up starting October 3!|publisher=India Today|date=29 September 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In July 2020, it was announced that [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] will make its comeback digitally and brand will come with its 5 original Web Series including ''[[Mrs. & Mr. Shameem]]'', ''Abdullah Pur Ka Devdas'', ''[[Churails]]'', ''[[Ek Jhoothi Love Story]]'' and ''[[Dhoop Ki Deewar]]'' along with some old and new shows from Zindagi Library.<br />
<br />
Some already broadcast television series and some of the recent years such as ''[[Diyar-e-Dil]]'', ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'', ''[[Mann Mayal]]'', ''[[Baaghi (TV series)|Baaghi]]'', ''[[Behadd]]'', ''[[O Rangreza]]'', ''[[Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi]]'', ''[[Shehr-e-Zaat]]'', ''[[Suno Chanda]]'' and many others started to premiere from July 2020 on [[ZEE5]] with a premium membership.<br />
<br />
[[Star India]] began airing of ''[[Mera Naam Yousuf Hai]]'' in 2015 on their channel [[Star Plus]] and thus becoming the channel's first ever Pakistani drama. The series was aired in India, UAE, USA, Ireland, UK, Austria, Europe, Canada and Latin America.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Mera Naam Yusuf Hai'' to hit the screens on Indian Channel|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1147642|publisher=Dawn News|access-date=7 March 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per research study of Pakistani popular drama conducted by Indian scholar Jyoti Mehra, North Indian audience gets a sense of cultural familiarity which they can relate to while watching Pakistani drama.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mehra|first=Jyoti|date=2019|title=Analyzing Portrayals of Modern Women and Popular Culture in Television Soap Operas of Pakistan|journal=Media Watch |volume=10|issue=3|pages=628–684 |issn= 0976-0911 |doi=10.15655/mw/2019/v10i3/49678|s2cid=202532277|doi-access=free}}</ref> The study also gives credit to the content of Pakistani dramas for its comparative realism with fast pace, shorter duration and limited number of episodes for its acceptability among Indian audience.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
===Other countries===<br />
Pakistani dramas are shown in [[Afghanistan]],<ref name="geo.tv"/> [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://opinion.bdnews24.com/2014/08/12/on-pakistani-dramas-and-the-bangladeshi-mind/|title=On Pakistani dramas and the Bangladeshi mind - The Opinion Pages|date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref name="tribune.com.pk"/> [[Nepal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1179118|title=Once upon a time in Nepal|first=Noman|last=Ansari|date=1 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/195864-Pakistanis-are-peaceful-hospitable-Nepalese-envoy|title=Pakistanis are peaceful, hospitable: Nepalese envoy|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref> Pakistani television shows are aired on [[cable television]] channels in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Norway]], [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Turkey]] and [[Iran]] for the [[Pakistani diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnahub.ca/entertainment-detail/pakistani-drama-humsafar-takes-the-arab-world-by-storm/#arvlbdata|title=Pakistani drama Humsafar (Rafeeq Al Rooh – رفيق الروح) takes the Arab world by storm!|date=8 November 2013}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Cinema of Pakistan]]<br />
* [[List of highest grossing Pakistani films]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
=== Further reading ===<br />
<br />
* Television Publics in South Asia: Mediated Politics and Culture. India, Taylor & Francis, 2023.<br />
{{Dramatic television series}}<br />
{{WorldTV}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pakistani drama television series|*]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistan Television Corporation original programming|*]]<br />
[[Category:Pakistani popular culture]]<br />
[[Category:Television in Pakistan]]<br />
[[Category:Asian drama]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatiya_Janata_Party_%E2%80%93_Mizoram&diff=490938Bharatiya Janata Party – Mizoram2026-04-28T08:37:40Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}{{short description|Mizoram affiliate of the Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian political party<br />
| colorcode = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| native_name = <br />
| logo = [[File:Logo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.svg|150px]]<br />
| abbreviation = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]<br />
| president = [[K. Beichhua]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Mizoram: K. Beichhua appointed as Mizoram BJP President|url=https://eastmojo.com/mizoram/2025/06/30/mizoram-k-beichhua-appointed-as-mizoram-bjp-president|work=East Mojo|accessdate=30 June 2025}}</ref> <br />
| general_secretary =<br />
| headquarters = Venghlui, T/82, [[Aizawl]]-796 001, [[Mizoram]], India<br />
<ref>{{cite news|title=BJP Mizoram unit address|url=https://www.bjp.org/mizoram-state-office|work=BJP}}</ref><br />
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Saffron (color)|Saffron]]<br />
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|1|hex=#FF9900}}<br />
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|1|hex=#FF9900}}<br />
| state_seats_name = [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|2|40|hex=#FF9933}}<br />
| state2_seats_name =<br />
| state2_seats = <br />
| website = {{URL|https://www.bjp.org/mizoram}}<br />
| symbol = [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]]<br/>[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|130px]]<br />
| chairman = <br />
| foundation = {{start_date and years ago|df=y|p=y|1980|4|6|br=y}}<br />
| flag = BJP Flag.svg{{!}}border<br />
| eci =<br />
| alliance = '''National Level'''<br/>[[National Democratic Alliance]]<br/>'''Regional level'''<br/>[[North East Democratic Alliance]] <br />
| ideology = {{ubl|[[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]]|[[Social conservatism]]|[[Economic nationalism]]<br />'''Majority'''<br />[[Secularism]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2022/04/20/mizoram-bjps-secular-model-evident-along-countrys-overall-progress-asserts-national-minority-secretary/| title=Mizoram : BJP's Secular Model – Evident Along Country's Overall Progress; Asserts National Minority Secretary| date=20 April 2022}}</ref><br />[[Cultural nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/mizoram-bjp-sets-up-missionary-cell-to-shed-hindutva-tag/articleshow/70372436.cms| title=BJP is with Christians and other Mizoram people:BJP sets up missionary ceel to shed hindutva tag| website=[[The Times of India]]| date=25 July 2019}}</ref><br />'''Faction'''<br />[[Chakma people|Buddhist rights (Chakma)]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://scroll.in/article/719322/why-the-bjp-is-gaining-popularity-in-some-parts-of-minority-dominated-mizoram| title=Mizoram:BJP is gaining popularity among minorities of Mizoram| date=13 April 2015}}</ref><br />[[Hinduism in Mizoram|Hindu rights]]<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/mizoram-assembly-elections-2018/in-mizoram-bjp-banks-on-minorities/article25478453.ece| title=Mizoram:BJP is getting support from minorities at Mizoram| website=[[The Hindu]]| date=12 November 2018| last1=Karmakar| first1=Rahul}}</ref>}}<br />
| youth = [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] <br />
| women = [[BJP Mahila Morcha]]<br />
| publication = '''[[Kamal Sandesh]]'''<br />
| founder={{ubl<br />
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />
| [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]<ref name=":3001">{{Cite news|date=23 May 2019|title=What you need to know about India's BJP|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513075856/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><br />
}} {{cslist<br />
| title = Other founders<ref name="founders" /><br />
| [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Praveen |date=7 January 2024 |title=Murli Manohar Joshi turns 90: Well-wishers flock to Raisina Road to celebrate life of BJP stalwart |url=https://theprint.in/in-pictures/murli-manohar-joshi-turns-90-well-wishers-flock-to-raisina-road-to-celebrate-life-of-bjp-stalwart/1913267/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
| [[Nanaji Deshmukh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Ratna for Pranab, Nanaji Deshmukh and Bhupen Hazarika |url=http://www.bihartimes.in/newsbihar/2019/jan/newsbihar25jan12.html |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=Bihar Times}}</ref><br />
| [[K. R. Malkani]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sir |first=Sp |date=29 April 2021 |title=K R Malkani - The Sindhu World Sindhi Author: The Sindh Story: Sindhi Politician: Political Mysteries |url=https://thesindhuworld.com/k-r-malkani/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=The Sindhu World |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
| [[Sikandar Bakht]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2024 |script-title=hi:कौन थे बीजेपी के इकलौते मुस्लिम फाउंडर सिकंदर बख्त? जानिए कैसे थामा पार्टी का साथ |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/bjp-foundation-day-who-was-bjp-muslim-founder-sikandar-bakht-political-career-profile-in-hindi-2658177 |access-date=18 January 2025 |website= |language=hi}}</ref><br />
| [[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]]<br />
| [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Devaki |work=The Citizen (India) |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/7/20759/The-Maharani-who-Founded-the-BJP |title=The Maharani who founded the BJP |date=14 August 2021 }}</ref> <br />
| [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Rajput votes at stake in Rajasthan, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat legacy a new front in BJP, Cong battle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rajput-rajasthan-bhairon-singh-shekhawat-bjp-congress-8623357/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
| [[Shanta Kumar]]<br />
| [[Ram Jethmalani]]<br />
| [[Jagannathrao Joshi]]<br />
}}<br />
| predecessor =<br />
* [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (1951–1977)<br />
* [[Janata Party]] (1977–1980)<br />
| split = [[Janata Party]]<br />
|labour = [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Need to Know BJP-led BMS is biggest labour union in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=live mint |date=15 January 2008 |author=Pragya Singh }}</ref><br />
|peasants=[[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Sejuta Das|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|pages=172–173|title= Class, Politics, and Agricultural Policies in Post-liberalisation India|isbn=978-1-108-41628-3|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2019e}}</ref><br />
| international = <br />
|name=}}<br />
<br />
The '''Bharatiya Janata Party – Mizoram''', or simply, '''BJP Mizoram''' ('''BJP'''; {{IPA|hns|bʱaːɾət̪iːjə dʒənət̪aː paːrtiː||Hindi-Bharatiya Janata Party.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lit|Indian People's Party}}), <br />
is the state unit of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] of the Mizoram. Its head office is situated at the Venghlui, T/82, [[Aizawl]]-796 001, [[Mizoram]], India.<br />
<br />
==In General Election==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"<br />
|+[[Lok Sabha|In General Elections]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Year<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Party leader<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Photo<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Seats won<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Change in seats<br />
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]<br />
|Vanlalhmuaka <br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
| {{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Government <br />
|-<br />
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]<br />
|Nirupam Chakma<br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
| {{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Government <br />
|-<br />
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
|{{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Government <br />
|-<br />
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
|{{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#808080; color:white"|Opposition <br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]<br />
|colspan=4|Supported to [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]<br />
| style="background-color:#808080; color:white"|Opposition <br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
|{{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Government <br />
|-<br />
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]<br />
|P. L. Chhuma<br />
|<br />
| 0<br />
|{{steady}} 0<br />
| style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Government <br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]<br />
|colspan=4|Supported to [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]<br />
| style="background-color:#F8C8B0; color:white"|Government, later Opposition <br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]<br />
|colspan=4|Supported to [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]<br />
| style="background-color:#808080; color:white"| Opposition <br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]<br />
|colspan=4|Supported to [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]<br />
| style="background-color:#808080; color:white"| Opposition <br />
|-<br />
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]<br />
|colspan=4|Supported to [[Mizo National Front|MNF]]<br />
| style="background-color:#808080; color:white"| Opposition <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==In State Election==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Year || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Election || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Seats won || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Change of Seats || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Popular votes || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Vote% || style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Change of Vote% ||style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Result<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="" |[[Janata Party]] |-<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 1993|| [[1993 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|3rd Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9933}} || new || 10,004 || 3.11% || new ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|None <br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 1998|| [[1998 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|4th Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{steady}} 0 || 8,448 || 2.50% || {{decrease}} 0.61% ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|None<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 2003|| [[2003 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|5th Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{steady}} 0 || 7,823 || 1.87 || {{decrease}} 0.63% ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|None<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 2008|| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|6th Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{steady}} 0 || || || {{decrease}} ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|None <br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 2013|| [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|7th Assembly (Mizoram)]]|| {{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{steady}} 0 || 2,139 || 0.87 || {{decrease}} ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|None<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 2018|| [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|8th Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|1|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{increase}} 1 || 51,087 || 8.09% || {{increase}} 7.6% ||style="background-color:#F8C8B0; color:white"|Allied Government with [[Mizo National Front|MNF]], later Alliance broken at state level.<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
| 2023|| [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|9th Assembly (Mizoram)]] || {{Composition bar|2|40|hex=#FF9933}} || {{increase}} 1 || 35,524 || 5.06% || {{decrease}} 3.03% ||style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:white"|Others<br />
|- style="text-align:center;"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==In Local elections==<br />
===Municipal corporation election results===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Year<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Municipal Corporation <br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Seats contested<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Seats won<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Change in seats<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Percentage of votes<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Vote swing<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=7|Mizoram <br />
|-<br />
|2026<br />
|[[Aizawl]]<br />
|11<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
| {{steady}} 0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Aizawl]]<br />
|9<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
| {{steady}} 0<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Aizawl]]<br />
|15(along with [[Zoram Nationalist Party|ZNP]])<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Autonomous District Council election===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Year<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Autonomous District Council <br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Seats contested<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Seats won<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Change in seats<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Percentage of votes<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Vote swing<br />
!Style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};color:white" | Government <br />
|-<br />
!colspan=8|[[Kamalanagar, Mizoram|Kamalanagar]]<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Chakma Autonomous District Council]]<br />
|20<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Opposition, later government<ref name="Another ZPM MDC joins BJP">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/another-zpm-mdc-joins-saffron-party-bjp-stakes-claim-to-form-chakma-council/articleshow/116604369.cms|title=Another ZPM MDC joins saffron party, BJP stakes claim to form Chakma council|work=Times of India|accessdate=24 December 2024}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|20<br />
|{{Composition bar|5|20|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Opposition, later government again opposition <br />
|-<br />
!colspan=8|[[Lawngtlai]]<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|rowspan=3|[[Lai Autonomous District Council]]<br />
|10<br />
|{{Composition bar|2|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|{{increase}} 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Others<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|17<br />
|{{Composition bar|1|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
| {{increase}} 1<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Government <br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|None.<br />
|-<br />
!colspan=8|[[Siaha]] <br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Mara Autonomous District Council]]<br />
|24<br />
|{{Composition bar|12|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|{{increase}} 12<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|Opposition, later government.<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|<br />
|{{Composition bar|0|25|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|None.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Buddha Dhan Chakma]]<br />
*[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
*[[National Democratic Alliance]]<br />
*[[North East Democratic Alliance]]<br />
*[[Mizo National Front]]<br />
*[[Zoram People's Movement]]<br />
*[[Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharatiya Janata Party - Mizoram}}<br />
[[Category:Political parties in Mizoram]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party by state or union territory|Mizoram]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phalana_Abbayi_Phalana_Ammayi&diff=525325Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi2026-04-27T23:11:26Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting new article</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi<br />
| image = Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi.jpg<br />
| caption = Theatrical release poster<br />
| director = [[Srinivas Avasarala]]<br />
| producer = T. G. Vishwa Prasad<br>Padmaja Dasari<br />
| writer = Srinivas Avasarala<br />
| starring = [[Naga Shaurya]]<br/>[[Malvika Nair]]<br />
| music = [[Kalyani Malik]]<br />
| cinematography = Sunil Kumar Nama<br />
| editing = Kiran Ganti<br />
| studio = People Media Factory<br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|2023|3|17|df=y}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| runtime = <br />
| language = Telugu<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi''''' ({{translation}} Some Guy, Some Girl) is a 2023 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film written and directed by [[Srinivas Avasarala]] and starring [[Naga Shaurya]] and [[Malvika Nair]] in the lead roles. The film was released on 17 March 2023 to mixed-to-positive reviews from critics and audience, and was a box-office disappointment.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Sanjay and Anupama meet each other in College. Sanjay is Anupama's junior in College. They begin to develop a special bond with each other. They start living together after leaving the College. But later on suddenly they break up. Ten years later, Sanjay runs his own restaurant in London, one day he meets Anupama. Anupama says that She is there because her sister has brought an alliance for her. After a while the groom comes to the restaurant and then she ends the conversation with a bye to him. Anupama asks Sanjay to go to his house. After a while, when Anu gets her bag to leave home, she notices all the objects around, which reminds her of the moments that happened 10 years ago. Next day, Sanjay finds his walkie talkie missing.He goes to Anu's house and finds her leaving to India.Anu Sees him and catches a bus trying to escape from Sanjay.<br />
But Sanjay manages to get into the bus And he says that he couldn't bear that Anu has found a lump as his mother was suffering with cancer. After hearing these words, Anupama and Sanjay reminisce there memories and ends the movie.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=Slice-of-life romance drama |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-telugu-movie-review-naga-shaurya-malvika-nair/article66630837.ece |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520044724/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-telugu-movie-review-naga-shaurya-malvika-nair/article66630837.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
{{cast listing|<br />
* [[Naga Shaurya]] as Sanjay Pisapati<br />
* [[Malvika Nair]] as Anupama Kasturi<br />
* [[Srinivas Avasarala]] as Giri<br />
* [[Megha Chowdhury]] as Pooja<br />
* Ashok Kumar<br />
* Abhishek Maharshi as Valentine Rao, Sanjay’s bestfriend <br />
* Sri Vidhya Maharshi as Keerthi, Anupama’s bestfriend<br />
* Varanasi Soumya Chalamcharla as Anupama's sister<br />
* Harini Rao as Neelima Ratnababu<br />
* Alexandra Taylor as Valentine Rao’s love interest<br />
* Arjun Prasad<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
Music was done by [[Kalyani Malik]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br />
<br />
== Release and reception == <br />
The film was released on 17 March 2023.{{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} The film received mixed to positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi Review: Good in parts but fails to impress as a whole |url=https://telanganatoday.com/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-review-good-in-parts-but-fails-to-impress-as-a-whole |website=[[Telangana Today]] |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003551/https://telanganatoday.com/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-review-good-in-parts-but-fails-to-impress-as-a-whole |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |date=17 March 2023 |title='Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi' movie review: Srinivas Avasarala's slice-of-life romance drama |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-telugu-movie-review-naga-shaurya-malvika-nair/article66630837.ece |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003551/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-telugu-movie-review-naga-shaurya-malvika-nair/article66630837.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Phalana Abbayi Phalana Ammayi review: Malavika Nair is wasted in this boring drama |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-review-malavika-nair-wasted-boring-drama-174706 |website=[[The News Minute]] |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319003546/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/phalana-abbayi-phalana-ammayi-review-malavika-nair-wasted-boring-drama-174706 |url-status=live }}</ref> It began streaming on [[Sun NXT]] on 7 May 2023.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title|id=10087728}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2023 Telugu-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:People Media Factory films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 romantic comedy films]]<br />
[[Category:2023 films]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=ReNew_Energy_Global&diff=530102ReNew Energy Global2026-04-24T19:40:59Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting new data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian renewable energy company}}<br />
{{pp-semi}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{Promotional|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{COI|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Undisclosed paid|date=March 2026}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox company<br />
| name = ReNew Energy Global plc<br />
| logo = Renew-Logo.svg<br />
| logo_size = <br />
| logo_alt = <br />
| logo_caption = <br />
| logo_padding = <br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| trading_name = <br />
| former_name = <br />
| type = [[Public company|Public]]<br />
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ|RNW}}<br />
| ISIN = <br />
| industry = [[Renewable energy]]<br />
| founded = {{start date and age|2011|01|19}}<br />
| founder = [[Sumant Sinha]]<br />
| hq_location = <br />
| hq_location_city = [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]]<br />
| hq_location_country = India<br />
| num_locations = <br />
| num_locations_year = <!-- Year of num_locations data (if known) --><br />
| area_served = India<br />
| key_people = {{unbulleted list| [[Sumant Sinha]] ([[chairman]] and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])}}<br />
| products = Wind power, Solar power, Solar rooftop power, Hydroelectric power<br />
| brands = <br />
| production = <br />
| production_year = <!-- Year of production data (if known) --><br />
| services = <br />
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|9653|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/><ref name=":6" /><br />
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|6921|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/><br />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRconvert|414|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24">{{Cite web |last=Jai |first=Shreya |date=2024-06-06 |title=Nasdaq-listed ReNew Energy Global posts profit of Rs 414 crore in FY24 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/nasdaq-listed-renew-energy-global-posts-profit-of-rs-414-crore-in-fy24-124060600641_1.html}}</ref><br />
| assets = <br />
| assets_year = <!-- Year of assets data (if known) --><br />
| equity = <br />
| equity_year = <!-- Year of equity data (if known) --><br />
| owners = {{ubl|[[Canada Pension Plan Investment Board|CPP Investments]]|[[Abu Dhabi Investment Authority|ADIA]]|[[JERA]]|Others<ref name="moneycontrol.com">{{cite web |title=ReNew Power Takes SPAC Route, First Such Major Deal By An Indian Company, To List On Nasdaq |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/renew-power-takes-spac-route-first-by-indian-company-to-list-on-nasdaq-6568491.html |website=Moneycontrol |date=24 February 2021 |access-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
| members = <br />
| members_year = <!-- Year of members data (if known) --><br />
| num_employees =<br />
| num_employees_year =<br />
| parent = <br />
| divisions = <br />
| subsid = <br />
| module = <!-- Used to embed other templates --><br />
| website = {{URL|renew.com/}}<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
'''ReNew Energy Global''' is an Indian [[renewable energy]] company, based in [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-13 |title=ReNew Power unveils its new rebranding and decarbonisation focus |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/renew-power-rebrands-itself-in-move-towards-becoming-a-decarbonisation-company-15921191.htm<br />
|access-date=2024-01-22 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> It is the first Indian renewable energy company to be listed on [[Nasdaq|NASDAQ]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Rachita |date=2021-08-26 |title=ReNew lists on Nasdaq at $4.5 billion valuation |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/renew-lists-on-nasdaq-at-4-5-b-valuation/articleshow/85636866.cms<br />
|access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> ReNew operates more than 150 projects spread across ten states in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Samant |first=Shilpa |date=2023-02-13 |title=ReNew Power rebrands itself as 'ReNew', adds decarbonization solutions to its portfolio |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/renew-to-explore-investment-opportunities-in-hydrogen-segment-chairman-sumant-sinha/articleshow/97872596.cms<br />
|access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref><br />
<br />
Formerly called ReNew Power, the company rebranded itself as ReNew in February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-13 |title=ReNew unveils new brand identity as it reinforces leadership in providing decarbonisation solutions |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/renew-unveils-new-brand-identity-as-it-reinforces-leadership-in-providing}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
[[Sumant Sinha]] started ReNew in 2011. [[Goldman Sachs]] invested that September.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Jai|first=Shreya|date=2014-07-03|title=ReNew Power receives $140 million equity funding, to go public by next year|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/renew-power-receives-140-million-equity-funding-to-go-public-by-next-year/articleshow/37719920.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-05-27}}<br />
</ref> In 2023, Goldman Sachs exited the company completely.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Jai |first=Shreya |title=Goldman exits ReNew, CPPIB becomes new majority owner in the company |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/goldman-exits-renew-cppib-becomes-new-majority-owner-in-the-company-123030700574_1.html}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
In 2014, ReNew entered the Indian solar market by commissioning its first distributed solar project. Its first project, a 25.2 MW wind site in Jasdan, Gujarat, was inaugurated by [[Narendra Modi]], then [[List of chief ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister of Gujarat]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012-05-07 |title=ReNew Wind plans Rs 6,000 crore investment in 2 years |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/renew-wind-plans-rs-6000-crore-investment-in-2-years/article20431031.ece1<br />
|access-date=2024-01-22 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> It commissioned India’s largest solar farm (510 MW) in [[Telangana]] in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-04-16 |title=Telangana gets largest solar farm in Nizamabad district |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-gets-largest-solar-farm-in-nizamabad-district/articleshow/58202496.cms<br />
|access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2016, it became the first Indian renewable energy company to achieve 1 GW capacity and was also among the first companies to scale to 10 GW installed capacity.<ref name="Sengupta">{{Cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Debjoy|date=2016-04-11|title=ReNew Power first Indian company to achieve 1GW solar capacity|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/renew-power-first-indian-company-to-achieve-1gw-solar-capacity/articleshow/51780263.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2020-05-27}}<br />
</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=ReNew Power raises $375 million via green bonds - ET EnergyWorld|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/renew-power-raises-375-million-via-green-bonds/68304891|website=ETEnergyworld.com|access-date=2020-05-27}}<br />
</ref><br />
<br />
The company’s initial investment came from Goldman Sachs in 2011. As of 2023, Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) is a major investor in the company.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
In 2016, ReNew became the first renewable energy company to raise rupee-denominated “masala bonds”.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In 2017, JERA (a joint venture between Tokyo Electric Power and Chubu Electric Power) became an equity holder in the company. In 2019, it raised $450 million through dollar bonds to refinance existing debt.<ref name=":2" /> The same year, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) invested $100 million via a rights issue.<br />
<br />
In 2021, ReNew announced that it would go public through a merger with RMG Acquisition Corporation II. It was listed on the [[Nasdaq|NASDAQ]] on 24 August 2021 under the symbol ‘RNW’.<br />
<br />
In 2023, Norway’s Climate Investment Fund managed by Norfund, along with pension fund KLP, invested ₹900 million in ReNew’s transmission project in Karnataka.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In November 2025, ReNew announced an investment of ₹60,000 crore (US$6.7 billion) in [[Andhra Pradesh]] to develop renewable energy projects, following agreements with the state government.<ref name="a990">{{cite web | last=Rao | first=V. Kamalakara | title=ReNew Energy Global Plc announces fresh investment of ₹60,000 crore in Andhra Pradesh | website=The Hindu | date=2025-11-13 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/renew-energy-global-plc-announces-fresh-investment-of-60000-crore-in-andhra-pradesh/article70274952.ece<br />
| access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><br />
<br />
As of December 2025, ReNew’s total portfolio stood at approximately 19.2 GW, including 1.5 GW of battery energy storage systems (BESS), with a commissioned capacity of 11.4 GW.<ref>{{cite web |title=ReNew Announces Results for Q3 FY26 |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260215983137/en/ReNew-Announces-Results-for-the-Third-Quarter-of-Fiscal-2026-Q3-FY26-and-Nine-Months-of-Fiscal-2026-both-ended-December-31-2025<br />
|website=BusinessWire |date=2026-02-16 |access-date=2026-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ReNew Energy Q3 results |url=https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2026/02/17/renew-energy-q3-total-income-rises-48-year-on-year-to-inr-31-37-billion/<br />
|website=PV Magazine India |date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ReNew Q3 FY26 performance |url=https://solarquarter.com/2026/02/16/renew-energy-global-plc-reports-strong-q3-fy26-results-9m-profit-jumps-6-6x-yoy/<br />
|website=SolarQuarter |date=2026-02-16 |access-date=2026-03-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
As per reports in December 2025, Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company ([[Masdar]]) withdrew from a consortium planning to acquire and privatize ReNew Energy Global.<ref>{{cite web |title=ReNew buyout plan collapses after Masdar exit |website=ETEnergyworld.com |date=2025-12-16 |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/masdar-exits-renew-buyout-triggering-stock-plummet/125997910<br />
|access-date=2026-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ReNew Energy's US delisting plan collapses as Masdar pulls out |website=VCCircle |date=2026-01-17 |url=https://www.vccircle.com/renewenergy-s-us-delisting-plan-collapses-as-masdar-pulls-out<br />
|access-date=2026-01-17}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Operations ==<br />
In 2019, ReNew partnered with Korean company GSE&C in [[renewable energy]], jointly developing the SECI-4 project in [[Rajasthan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=V. Rishi |date=2020-02-01 |title=Greenko, Renew Power bag SECI mega renewable cum storage based projects |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/greenko-renew-power-bag-seci-mega-renewable-cum-storage-based-projects/article30713564.ece |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> A year later, in 2020, ReNew announced that it would manufacture solar cells and modules in India for 2 GW capacity.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 15, 2023 |title=ReNew setting up solar cell units at Rs 2,000 cr investment in Raj, Guj |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/renew-setting-up-solar-cell-units-at-rs-2-000-cr-investment-in-raj-guj-123011500213_1.html |publisher=Business Standard}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2020, ReNew became the first renewable energy company to be named to the [[World Economic Forum]]’s Global Lighthouse Network.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=2021-03-15 |title=ReNew Power becomes part of WEF Global Lighthouse Network |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/renew-power-becomes-part-of-wef-global-lighthouse-network/articleshow/81512483.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2022, ReNew helped India avoid 0.5% of its annual carbon emissions and generated 14,263 GWh of clean electricity, enough to power around 4 million Indian households.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-10-31 |title=ReNew Energy aims to achieve net zero emission by 2040 |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/renew-energy-aims-to-achieve-net-zero-emission-by-2040-11667216427212.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> In the same year, the company signed an agreement to set up a green hydrogen plant in [[Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Livemint |date=2022-11-15 |title=ReNew signs agreement with Egyptian govt for green hydrogen plant |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/energy/renew-signs-agreement-with-egyptian-govt-for-green-hydrogen-plant-11668526138587.html |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
ReNew reached 10 GW of gross renewable energy assets during 2023-24.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-10 |title=ReNew surpasses 10 GW capacity with record renewable asset additions in FY24 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/renew-surpasses-10-gw-capacity-with-record-renewable-asset-additions-in-fy24/articleshow/109200087.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It generated 17,385 GWh in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-09 |title=ReNew avoids 14 MT carbon emission in FY23, says company report |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/renew-avoids-14-mt-carbon-emission-in-fy23-says-company-report/articleshow/105101418.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It contributes approximately 10% of India’s total [[Solar power in India|solar]] and [[Wind power in India|wind energy generation]] and has the largest wind portfolio in India, with a capacity of 4.7 GW, representing 10.5% of India’s total wind energy capacity.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baruah |first=Rituraj |date=2024-04-10 |title=ReNew aims to double green energy portfolio to 20 GW by FY28 {{!}} Company Business News |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/renew-aims-to-double-green-energy-portfolio-to-20-gw-by-fy28-11712754074262.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129054025/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/renew-aims-to-double-green-energy-portfolio-to-20-gw-by-fy28-11712754074262.html |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=2025-02-19 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="f205">{{cite web | title=ReNew inks pact with Google for 150-MW solar project in Rajasthan | website=ETEnergyworld.com | date=2025-12-16 | url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/renew-partners-with-google-for-major-solar-project-in-rajasthan/126006870 | access-date=2026-03-10}}</ref><ref name="y874">{{cite web | last=Shah | first=Junaid | title=ReNew Energy Sells 300 MW Jaisalmer Solar Project to Sembcorp for USD 191 Million | website=Saur Energy | date=2025-10-08 | url=https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/renew-energy-sells-300-mw-jaisalmer-solar-project-to-sembcorp-for-usd-191-million-10541920 | access-date=2026-03-10}}</ref><br />
<br />
According to an ''[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]]'' report, ReNew now operates approximately 18.5 GW of clean energy portfolio as of June 2025.<ref name="c200">{{cite web | title=ReNew Energy Q4 net profit soars 415% to ₹313.7 crore | website=ETEnergyworld.com | date=2025-06-16 | url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/renew-energy-reports-415-surge-in-q4-net-profit-to-3137-crore/121887612 | access-date=2025-11-18}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Funding and Listing ==<br />
The company’s initial investment came from Goldman Sachs in 2011. As of 2023, [[CPP Investment Board|Canada Pension Plan Investment Board]] (CPPIB) stands as ReNew’s major investor.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
In 2016, ReNew became the first renewable energy company to raise rupee-denominated masala bonds.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
In 2017, JERA (a joint venture between [[Tokyo Electric Power Company|Tokyo Electric Power]] and [[Chubu Electric Power]]) became an equity holder to the company. In 2019, It raised $450 million through dollar bonds to retire some of its existing debt.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2019-12-11 |title=ReNew Power partners with GS E&C to execute solar project in Rajasthan |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/productline/power-generation/renew-power-partners-with-gs-ec-to-execute-solar-project-in-rajasthan/articleshow/72469651.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The same year, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) invested $100 million into ReNew via rights issue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-23 |title=India's ReNew Power to list on Nasdaq, aims to raise $1 billion |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/industry/energy/story/indias-renew-power-to-list-on-nasdaq-aims-to-raise-1-billion-304958-2021-08-23 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2021, ReNew announced that it would go public through its merger with a [[Special-purpose acquisition company|SPAC]] called RMG Acquisition Corporation II.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chamath Palihapitiya unveils investment in ReNew Power, India's largest clean energy company that's set to go public via SPAC |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/chamath-palihapitiya-unveils-investment-in-renew-power-indias-largest-clean-energy-company-thats-set-to-go-public-via-spac/articleshow/81196529.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> The merged company was to be called ReNew Energy Global PLC and listed on NASDAQ. ReNew was listed on the NASDAQ on 24 August 2021 under the symbol ‘RNW’.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohanty |first=Shashwat |date=2021-08-18 |title=ReNew Power set to list on NASDAQ on August 24 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/indias-renew-power-set-for-nasdaq-debut-through-rmg-ii-spac/articleshow/85410740.cms |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2023, [[Norway]]’s Climate Investment Fund managed by Norfund along with pension fund KLP invested Rs. 900 million in ReNew’s transmission project in Karnataka.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
==Project locations==<br />
ReNew has a portfolio of more than 19.2 GW<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=ReNew gets $331 mn financing from ADB for large-scale renewable energy project in Andhra {{!}} Company Business News|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/renew-financing-adb-renewable-energy-debt-andhra-pradesh-11762531270488.html|website=mint|date=2025-11-07|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en|first=Rituraj|last=Baruah}}</ref> located in ten [[India#Administrative divisions|states of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEnergyworld.com |title=ReNew signs 2.2 GW PPAs, expands portfolio to 15.6 GW - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/renew-signs-2-2-gw-ppas-expands-portfolio-to-15-6-gw/109994324 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Renew power limited | url=https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/may-2018/1525930664430.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108093253/https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/may-2018/1525930664430.pdf | archive-date=2022-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ReNew Power|url=https://renewablewatch.in/2019/08/09/renew-power/|date=2019-08-09|website=Renewable Watch|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{col-float}}<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! scope="col" | State<br />
! scope="col" | Installed Solar Capacity<br />
|-<br />
| [[Karnataka]] || 2.317 GW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Telangana]] || 0.1 GW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Rajasthan]] || 6.1 GW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 101.2 MW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Tamil Nadu]] || 150 MW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 777 MW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Gujarat]] || 5 GW<br />
|-<br />
| [[Maharashtra]] || 1.068 GW<br />
|}<br />
{{col-float-break}}{{col-float-end}}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
ReNew has been recognized twice as a Lighthouse by the [[World Economic Forum]]<ref name=":7" /> and has been included in [[MIT Technology Review|MIT Technology Review’s]] list of Top 15 Climate Tech Companies to watch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 Climate Tech Companies to Watch: ReNew and its ambitious clean energy projects |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/10/04/1080136/2023-climate-tech-companies-renew-clean-energy-projects-green-hydrogen-storage-renewables/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEnergyworld.com |title=ReNew Power commits Rs 20 crore for fight against Covid-19 - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/renew-power-commits-rs-20-crore-for-fight-against-covid-19/75052671 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2023, ReNew received the Sustainable Market Initiative’s Terra Carta Seal award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SMI Announces 2023 Terra Carta Seal Winners |url=https://www.sustainable-markets.org/news/terre-carta-seals-winner-2023/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Sustainable Markets Initiative |language=en}}</ref> It has also been recognized as an Energy Transition Changemaker by the [[COP28|COP28 Presidency]] for deploying the country’s first round-the-clock power project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-09 |title=ReNew recognised as a clean energy transition changemaker by COP28 Presidency - Manufacturing Today India |url=https://www.manufacturingtodayindia.com/renew-recognised-as-a-clean-energy-transition-changemaker-by-cop28-presidency#:~:text=ReNew%20Energy%20Global%20Plc%20(%E2%80%9CReNew,-the-Clock%20Power%20Project. |access-date=2025-02-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
ReNew is the recipient of awards, including by [[the Economic Times]], 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETEnergyworld.com |title=ETEnergyworld confers 30 awards to energy sector leaders, companies for best performance - ET EnergyWorld |url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/etenergyworld-confers-30-awards-to-energy-sector-leaders-companies-for-best-performance/92306880 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=ETEnergyworld.com |language=en}}</ref> the Stevie International Business Awards (Energy Entrepreneur of the Year and Energy Sector Innovation of the Year in 2019 and Chairman of the Year and Energy Company of the Year in 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-12 |title=Management Awards Category Winners |url=https://stevieawards.com/iba/management-awards-category-winners-0 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Stevie Awards |language=en}}</ref> by VCCircle<ref>{{Cite web |title=ReNew Power is infrastructure company of the year: VCCircle Awards |url=https://www.vccircle.com/renew-power-infrastructure-company-year-vccircle-awards-2017 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=VCCircle |language=en-US}}</ref> and S&P Global,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy Companies from 11 Countries Won Honors at S&P Global Platts Global Energy Awards |url=https://press.spglobal.com/2021-12-09-Energy-Companies-from-11-Countries-Won-Honors-at-S-P-Global-Platts-Global-Energy-Awards |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=News Release Archive |language=en}}</ref> the Clean Energy Transition Award at Reuters Responsible Business Awards, 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2020 |title=Chipotle, DBS, Thai Union, Verizon, Olam International, ReNew Power and Maersk among winners at the 2020 Responsible Business Awards |url=https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/chipotle-dbs-thai-union-verizon-olam-international-renew-power-and-maersk-among-winners-2020 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=Reuters Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> the [[Forbes]] India Leadership Award, 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes India Leadership Awards : Winners 2017 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/awards/leadership/event2017/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.forbesindia.com |language=en}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sood |first=Naina |title=Renew Power Collaborates With IIT To Launch Research Facility On Renewable Energy |url=http://businessworld.in/article/Renew-Power-Collaborates-With-IIT-To-Launch-Research-Facility-On-Renewable-Energy/12-09-2017-125965 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=BW Businessworld |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Astonfield]]<br />
* [[Solar Energy Corporation of India]]<br />
* [[Solar power in India]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{URL|https://www.renew.com/|Official site}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:ReNew}}<br />
[[Category:Solar energy companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Wind power companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Engineering companies of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]<br />
[[Category:Renewable resource companies established in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:Indian brands]]<br />
[[Category:2011 establishments in Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq]]<br />
[[Category:2021 initial public offerings]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potti_Veerayya&diff=526079Potti Veerayya2026-04-23T15:09:18Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian actor and comedian (1946–2021)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox comedian<br />
| name = Potti Veerayya<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| birth_name = Gattu Veerayya<br />
| birth_date = {{Circa|1946}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Phanigiri]], [[Telangana]], India<br />
| death_date = 25 April 2021 (aged 74 or 75)<br />
| death_place =[[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], India<br />
| othername = <br />
| active = <br />
| spouse = Mallika (died in 2008<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.andhrastudio.com/studio.php?id=2998 |title=Potti Veerayya's wife is no more |website=Andhra Studio |access-date=7 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214021855/http://www.andhrastudio.com/studio.php?id=2998 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>)<br />
| children = 2<br />
| parents =<br />
| website =<br />
| module={{Infobox person|child=yes}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Potti Veerayya''' ({{Circa|1946}} – 25 April 2021) was an Indian actor and comedian who predominantly acted in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. A [[Dwarfism|dwarf]] by birth, he acted in more than 500 films, mostly in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] along with [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Malayalam]] films.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2021-04-25 |title=Potti Veerayya no more |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/potti-veeraiah-no-more/article34409425.ece |access-date=2022-09-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2021 |title=Veteran Telugu actor Potti Veerayya passes away in Hyderabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/veteran-telugu-actor-potti-veeraiah-passes-away-in-hyderabad/articleshow/82244317.cms |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> He acted in notable films like ''[[Aggi Veerudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Tata–Manavadu|Tata-Manavadu]]'' (1972), ''Radhamma Pelli'' (1974), ''[[Jaganmohini (1978 film)|Jaganmohini]]'' (1978), ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979), ''Gaja Donga'' (1981), ''Tarzan Sundari'' (1983).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ranjith Kumar |first=Gabbeta |date=2021-04-26 |title=Telugu comedy actor Potti Veerayya passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/telugu-comedy-actor-potti-veeraiah-passes-away-7289595/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Hailing from [[Phanigiri]] village of [[Suryapet district|Suryapeta district]], [[Telangana]], he was born as Gattu Veerayya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-25 |title=Veteran actor Potti Veerayya passes away |url=https://telanganatoday.com/veteran-actor-potti-veeraiah-passes-away |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref> He was a [[Dwarfism|dwarf]] by birth and stood just two feet.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> He was attracted to stage plays, drama and films since his childhood.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> Before commencing his career as a film actor, he was a [[theatre]] artiste.<ref name=":2" /><br />
<br />
== Film career ==<br />
His passion for acting landed him in [[Chennai|Madras]] where he met actor [[Sobhan Babu]] while working in a shop selling flowers for film sets.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> As Veerayya was a dwarf, Sobhan Babu advised him to meet directors like [[B. Vittalacharya]] for suitable roles in their films.<ref name=":6" /> On his advice, Veerayya met Vittalacharya who cast him in the film ''Aggidora'' (1967) featuring [[Kanta Rao]] and [[N. T. Rama Rao]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2021 |title=Telugu actor Potti Veerayya passes away |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/apr/25/telugu-actorpotti-veeraiah-passes-away-24155.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Later, he acted in films like ''[[Aggi Veerudu]]'' (1969), ''[[Tata–Manavadu|Tata-Manavadu]]'' (1972), ''Radhamma Pelli'' (1974), ''[[Jaganmohini (1978 film)|Jaganmohini]]'' (1978), ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979), ''Gaja Donga'' (1981), ''Attagaari Pettanam'' (1981), ''Tarzan Sundari'' (1988).<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
His characters mostly used to be that of a clown or a small demon in folklore films.<ref name=":3" /> He has acted in more than 500 films in [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and [[Malayalam]] languages.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=29 January 2007 |title=300 film veteran almost in poverty |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/news/2007/film-veteran-poverty-290107.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213100449/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/telugu/news/2007/film-veteran-poverty-290107.html |archive-date=13 December 2013 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> During an interview, he mentioned that [[Raja Babu (actor)|Raja Babu]] and [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] had encouraged him in the initial phase of his career.<ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
Knowing his plight, [[Chiranjeevi]] had extended monetary help of {{Indian Rupee}}2 [[lakh]].<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
He had three daughters.<ref name=":5" /> His youngest daughter Vijayadurga is an actor in the Telugu film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2021 |title=Veteran actor Potti Veerayya no more |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2021/apr/26/veteran-actor-potti-veeraiah-no-more-2294884.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> His wife Mallika died in 2008.<ref name=":6" /><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
He died on 25 April 2021, aged 74 or 75, at a private hospital in [[Hyderabad]] due to heart-related ailments.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{{Colbegin}}<br />
* ''Aggidora'' (1967)<br />
* ''[[Aggi Veerudu]]'' (1969)<br />
* ''[[Tata Manavadu]]'' (1972)<br />
* ''Radhamma Pelli'' (1974)<br />
* ''[[Jaganmohini (1978 film)|Jaganmohini]]'' (1978)<br />
* ''[[Yugandhar]]'' (1979)<br />
* ''[[Sri Rama Bantu]]'' (1979)<br />
* ''Gaja Donga'' (1981)<br />
* ''Gola Nagamma'' (1981)<br />
* ''Attagaari Pettanam'' (1981)<br />
*''Mugguru Ammayila Mogudu'' (1983)<br />
* ''Chandirani'' (1983)<br />
*''[[Tarzan Sundari]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarzan Sundari |url=https://spicyonion.com/title/tarzan-sundari-telugu-movie/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021170213/http://spicyonion.com/title/tarzan-sundari-telugu-movie/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=21 October 2014 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=Spicyonion.com |language=en}}</ref>'' (1983) as Tribal Chief<br />
*''Ee Charitra Inkenallu'' (1984)<br />
*''Rowdy Police'' (1987)<br />
*''Punya Dampathulu'' (1987)<br />
*''Rowdy Babai'' (1987)<br />
* ''[[Samsaram Oka Chadarangam]]'' (1987) as Washerman<br />
* ''Ukku Sankellu'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[Brahma Puthrudu]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''[[Pape Naa Pranam]]'' (1988)<br />
* ''Mayadari Kutumbam'' (1995)<br />
* ''[[786 Khaidi Premakatha]]'' (2005)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-786.html|title=Movie review - 786 (Khaidi Premakatha)|date=4 February 2005|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|last=Jeevi|access-date=12 February 2024|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117192014/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-786.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
{{colend}}<br />
;Television<br />
*''[[Lady Detective (TV series)|Lady Detective]]''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|5980587}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Veeraiah, Potti}}<br />
[[Category:2021 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Telugu comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]<br />
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br />
[[Category:People from Suryapet district]]<br />
[[Category:Kannada comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam comedians]]<br />
[[Category:1947 births]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonali_Shingate&diff=536626Sonali Shingate2026-04-21T02:29:09Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new bio!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian Kabaddi player}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox sportsperson<br />
| name = Sonali Shingate<br />
| image = Sonali Shingate.jpg<br />
| caption = Sonali Shingate At SAG 2019<br />
| fullname = Sonali Vishnu Shingate<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|05|27|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Kabaddi]] Player<br />
| years_active = from 2014 to date<br />
| employer = [[Indian Railways]]<br />
| height = 171 cm<br />
| country = [[India]]<br />
| sport = [[Kabaddi]]<br />
| position = Raider<br />
| league = [[Women's Kabaddi Challenge]]<br />
| club = Shivshakti Mahila Sangh<br />
| team = [[India]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Indian Railways]], [[Ice Divas]]<br />
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[Kabaddi]]}}<br />
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Kabaddi at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[India at the 2018 Asian Games|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2019 South Asian Games|Team]]}}<br />
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Kabaddi Championship]]}}<br />
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Asian Kabaddi Championship|2025 Iran]]|[[Kabaddi at the 2025 Asian Kabaddi Championship|Team]]}}<br />
| show-medals = yes<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Sonali Vishnu Shingate ''' (born 27 May 1995) is an Indian professional women's Kabaddi player and the current part of [[India national kabaddi team]]. She was part of the national teams that won the gold medal at the [[2019 South Asian Games]] as well as the silver medal at the [[2018 Asian Games]].<br />
<br />
In 2020, the [[Government of Maharashtra]] presented her with the [[Shiv Chhatrapati Award]] for her contributions to the sport.<ref name="kabaddiadda.com">{{Cite web |title=10 things to know about Sonali Shingate on her 25th birthday |url=http://www.kabaddiadda.com/news/10-things-know-about-sonali-shingate-her-25th-birthday |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=Kabaddi Adda |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227055433/https://www.kabaddiadda.com/news/10-things-know-about-sonali-shingate-her-25th-birthday |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Shingate was born 27 May 1995<ref name="olympics.com">{{cite news |date=25 August 2023 |title=Asian Games 2023: Pawan Sehrawat, Naveen Kumar headline Indian men's kabaddi team - full squad |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]] |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-national-kabaddi-team-asian-games-2023-squad-list |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=7 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007203713/https://olympics.com/en/news/indian-national-kabaddi-team-asian-games-2023-squad-list |url-status=live }}</ref> to a middle-class family from Maharashtra. She started playing kabaddi after completing her high school education. She began training for the game at the Shiv Shakti Mahila Sangha club under coach Rajesh Padave.<ref>{{Cite news|title=सोनाली विष्णु शिंगेट: कबड्डी खेलना शुरू किया तो जूते खरीदने तक के पैसे नहीं थे|language=hi|work=BBC News हिंदी|url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/sport-55705273|access-date=2021-03-08|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128061216/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/sport-55705273|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
Shingate attended [[Maharshi Dayanand College]], where she played for the school's kabaddi team.<ref name="kabaddiadda.com"/><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
<br />
=== National career ===<br />
Shingate began her career representing Maharashtra at the 2014 Junior Nationals, where the team made it to the quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-29 |title="There should be a Pro Kabaddi League for the women as well," says Indian women's kabaddi team raider Sonali Shingate (Exclusive) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/there-should-be-a-pro-kabaddi-league-for-the-women-as-well-says-indian-women-s-kabaddi-team-raider-sonali-shingate-exclusive |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113153/https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/there-should-be-a-pro-kabaddi-league-for-the-women-as-well-says-indian-women-s-kabaddi-team-raider-sonali-shingate-exclusive |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, she represented Maharashtra as team captain, and the team made it to the finals. Due to her performance at the 2015 Junior Nationals, Shingate received a job with the [[Indian Railways]] and a position on their women's Kabaddi team.<ref name="kabaddiadda.com"/><br />
<br />
=== International career ===<br />
Shingate made her international debut in 2018 when she was selected to represent India at the [[2018 Asian Games]]; the team won the silver medal.<ref name="olympics.com"/><ref name="kabaddiadda.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-11 |title=लोअर परळच्या चाळीतून 'आशियाई'च्या मैदानात! |url=https://www.loksatta.com/krida-news/sonali-shingate-selection-in-kabaddi-team-for-asian-games-1711176/ |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=Loksatta |language=mr-IN |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113014/https://www.loksatta.com/krida-news/sonali-shingate-selection-in-kabaddi-team-for-asian-games-1711176/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following year, she competed in the [[2019 South Asian Games]], winning gold.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sain |first=Vijay |date=2019-12-09 |title=South Asian Games 2019: Indian women's Kabaddi team wins gold medal with 50-13 win over Nepal |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/south-asian-games-2019-kabaddi-indian-women-s-kabaddi-team-win-gold-medal-with-a-50-13-win-over-nepal |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-us |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307125832/https://www.sportskeeda.com/kabaddi/south-asian-games-2019-kabaddi-indian-women-s-kabaddi-team-win-gold-medal-with-a-50-13-win-over-nepal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=India's Kabaddi giants look to continue gold rush |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/asian-games-2018-india-s-kabaddi-giants-look-to-continue-gold-rush/story-YKta7rLuDrKghKM4syV4FI.html |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211152257/https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/asian-games-2018-india-s-kabaddi-giants-look-to-continue-gold-rush/story-YKta7rLuDrKghKM4syV4FI.html |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{InterSportStats}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shingate, Sonali Vishnu}}<br />
[[Category:1995 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian female kabaddi players]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games kabaddi players for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in kabaddi]]<br />
[[Category:Kabaddi players at the 2018 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]<br />
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in kabaddi]]<br />
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Kabaddi players from Mumbai]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mawphlang_Assembly_constituency&diff=516946Mawphlang Assembly constituency2026-04-19T19:31:04Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added new stub...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Mawphlang<br />
| state = [[Meghalaya]]<br />
| district = [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]<br />
| established = 2008<br />
| reservation = ST<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = Mawphlang Assembly constituency map.svg<br />
| constituency_no = 24<br />
| mla = [[Matthew Beyondstar Kurbah]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br />
| electors = {{formatnum:35484}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}<br />
}}<br />
'''Mawphlang''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is part of [[East Khasi Hills district|East Khasi Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|- <br />
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Syntar Klas Sunn]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2021 elections in India#Meghalaya|2021 By-election]] || [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] || {{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Matthew Beyondstar Kurbah]] <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2023===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawphlang<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Matthew Beyondstar Kurbah]] |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=6,690 |percentage=21.50% |change={{decrease}}27.21 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Auspicious Lyngdoh Mawphlang |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=6,586 |percentage=21.17% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dannyson Kurbah |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,594 |percentage=17.98% |change={{decrease}}14.60 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Doristar Marbaniang |party=Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,811 |percentage=15.46% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,733 |percentage=15.21% |change={{decrease}}3.50 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mawkordor Rynjah |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,507 |percentage=4.84% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wossarroi Rani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,196 |percentage=3.84% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=142 |percentage=0.46% |change={{decrease}}0.28 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=104 |percentage=0.33% |change= {{decrease}}15.80 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,117 |percentage=87.69% |change= {{decrease}}12.08 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,484 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.82 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |swing= {{decrease}}27.21 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly By-election 2021===<br />
This by-election was needed due to the death of sitting MLA, [[Syntar Klas Sunn]] of [[COVID-19]], on 10 September 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/09/10/meghalaya-mawphlang-mla-syntar-klas-sunn-dies-of-covid-19/ |title=Meghalaya: Mawphlang MLA Syntar Klas Sunn dies of COVID-19 |date=10 September 2021 |author=Princess Giri Rashir |access-date= 19 February 2022 |website=www.eastmojo.com}}</ref> The election, which was carried out on 30 October 2021, was won by his son, [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/09/30/meghalaya-by-polls-footballer-eugeneson-lyngdoh-steps-into-late-father-sk-sunns-shoes/ |title=Meghalaya by-polls: Footballer Eugeneson Lyngdoh steps into late father SK Sunn's shoes |website=www.eastmojo.com |date=30 September 2021 |author=Princess Giri Rashir |access-date= 19 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=byelection2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13971-bye-elections-2021-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ |title=Bye Elections 2021 (Parliamentary and Assemblies) - Bye-Elections Result in Xls/Pdf Format |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 19 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Meghalaya bypolls: NPP wins Rajabala, Mawryngkneng, UDP gets Mawphlang">{{cite news|last1=EastMojo|first1=|title=Meghalaya bypolls: NPP wins Rajabala, Mawryngkneng, UDP gets Mawphlang|url=https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/11/02/meghalaya-bypolls-npp-takes-rajabala-mawryngkneng-udp-wins-mawphlang/?Y29uc3VtcHRpb24=a27f5987-f823-48af-accd-bfa0be87fb6a|accessdate=31 March 2024|date=2 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331122214/https://www.eastmojo.com/meghalaya/2021/11/02/meghalaya-bypolls-npp-takes-rajabala-mawryngkneng-udp-wins-mawphlang/?Y29uc3VtcHRpb24=a27f5987-f823-48af-accd-bfa0be87fb6a|archivedate=31 March 2024}}</ref><br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 elections in India#Meghalaya|2021 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Mawphlang<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date = 1 January 2025 |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |publisher=Election Commission Of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=13,285 |percentage=48.71% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,884 |percentage=32.58% |change={{decrease}}6.90 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lamphrang Blah |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=5,103 |percentage=18.71% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=202 |percentage=0.74% |change={{decrease}}0.09 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,401 |percentage=16.14% |change= {{increase}}13.42 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,272 |percentage=100.52% |change= {{increase}}10.10 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,333 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.34 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}6.52 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
===Assembly Election 2018===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawphlang<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Syntar Klas Sunn]] |party=Independent politician |votes=11,162 |percentage=42.19% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,444 |percentage=39.48% |change={{decrease}}3.64 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshai Manik Syiem |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=3,940 |percentage=14.89% |change={{increase}}7.81 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Donkupar Lyngdoh |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=391 |percentage=1.48% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=219 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=718 |percentage=2.71% |change= {{decrease}}12.94 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,454 |percentage=89.68% |change= {{increase}}0.84 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,498 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.65 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.92 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2013===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mawphlang<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kennedy Cornelius Khyriem |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,212 |percentage=43.12% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Antonius Lyngdoh |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=5,868 |percentage=27.46% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pynshai Manik Syiem |party=Independent politician |votes=4,573 |percentage=21.40% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Skor Jala |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,513 |percentage=7.08% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hamsya Chen |party=Independent politician |votes=200 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,344 |percentage=15.65% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,366 |percentage=88.84% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,050 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]<br />
* [[East Khasi Hills district]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|25.45|91.76|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:East Khasi Hills district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:2008 establishments in Meghalaya]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Padma_Shri_award_recipients_in_public_affairs&diff=512623List of Padma Shri award recipients in public affairs2026-04-19T16:31:46Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Sources exist|date=September 2025}}<br />
{{Short description|Recipients of a civilian award in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}<br />
<br />
This is a list of recipients of the [[Padma Shri]] award, the fourth-highest civilian award of the [[Republic of India]], in the field of Civil Service. As of 2025, a total of 70 individuals have been awarded Padma Shri for their contributions in the field of Public Affairs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards Dashboard |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in |url-status= |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=padmaawards.gov.in |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (Govt. of India)}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Recipients ==<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |1950-1959<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Bal Gangadhar Kher]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[HH Maharaja Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Jigme Dorji Wangchuk]]<br />
|Bhutan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Lt. Col Maharaj Kumar Palden Thondup Namgyal]]<br />
|Sikkim<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Vaikunth Lallubhai Mehta]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Kum. Amalaprava Das]]<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Machani Somappa]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Achamma Mathai]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Asha Devi Aryanayakam]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Mrinmayi Ray]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1954<br />
|[[Perin Captian]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1955<br />
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1956<br />
|[[Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1956<br />
|[[Saiyid Fazl Ali]]<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1956<br />
|[[Nawab Zain Yar Jung]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1956<br />
|[[Pushpavati Janardanrai Mehta]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Govind Ballabh Pant]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Motilal Chimanlal Setalvad]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Sri Prakasa]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Radha Kumud Mookerji]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Lakshmi N Menon]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1957<br />
|[[Major Ralengnao Khathing]]<br />
|Manipur<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1958<br />
|[[Moturi Satyanarayana]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1959<br />
|[[Radha Binode Pal]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1959<br />
|[[Prataprai Girdharilal Mehta]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |1960-1969<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|1960<br />
|[[Narayana Raghavan Pillai]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1960<br />
|[[Nilakantha Das]]<br />
|Odisha<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1960<br />
|[[Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1960<br />
|[[Rustom Merwanji Alpaiwala]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1961<br />
|[[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1961<br />
|[[Purushottam Das Tandon]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1961<br />
|[[Vindhyeshwari Prasad Varma]]<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|[[Rajendra Prasad]]<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|[[Padmaja Naidu]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|[[Moturi Satyanarayana]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|[[Sudhindra Nath Mukerjee]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1962<br />
|[[Mithan J. Lam]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1963<br />
|[[Zakir Husain]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1963<br />
|[[Hari Vinayak Pataskar]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1963<br />
|[[R. G. Saraiya]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1964<br />
|[[Pandit Kunji Lal Dubey]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1964<br />
|[[Nur-ud-din Ahmed]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1965<br />
|[[Mehdi Nawaz Jung]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1965<br />
|[[Capt. H H Raja Shrimant Chintamanrao Dhundirao Alias Appasaheb Patwardhan]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1965<br />
|[[Mir Akbar Ali Khan]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1965<br />
|[[Krishnaswami Ayyar Balasubramania Ayyar]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1966<br />
|[[Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumously)]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1966<br />
|[[Kizhkke Potte Kesava Menon]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1966<br />
|[[Tiruvarur Swaminathier Ramaswami Aiyar]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1967<br />
|[[Chandra Kisan Daphtary]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1967<br />
|[[Kaikhushru Ruttonji Pestonji Shroff]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1967<br />
|[[Kashi Prasad Pande]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1967<br />
|[[Lal Chand Verman]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1968<br />
|[[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1968<br />
|[[Kuthur Vaidyanatha Kalyana Sundaram]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1968<br />
|[[Mansukhlal Atmaram Master]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |1970-1979<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
|[[Anthony Lancelot Dias]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
|[[Bhagwant Rao Annabhau Mandloi]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1970<br />
|[[Hans Raj Gupta]]<br />
|Haryana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
|[[Indira Gandhi]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
|[[Bimal Prasad Chaliha]]<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
|[[Bhai Mohan Singh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1971<br />
|[[Ram Lal Mehta]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|[[Aditya Nath Jha]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|[[Jivraj Narain Mehta]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|[[Prahlad Balacharya Gajendragadkar]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|[[Ghulam Mohd. Sadiq]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1972<br />
|[[Gopaliah Subbukrishna Melkote]]<br />
|Odisha<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1973<br />
|[[Nagendra Singh]]<br />
|Rajasthan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1973<br />
|[[Ijwant Singh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1974<br />
|[[Niren De]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
|[[Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]<br />
|Odisha<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
|[[Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1975<br />
|[[Dr.(Smt.) Durgabai Deshmukh]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1976<br />
|[[Kumaraswamy Kamraj]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Ajudhia Nath Khosla]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Ali Yavar Jung Bahadur]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Chandreshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Baba Prithvi Singh Azad]]<br />
|Chandigarh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1977<br />
|[[Telo De Mascarenhas]]<br />
|Germany<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |1980-1989<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
|[[(Justice) Durga Das Basu]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1985<br />
|[[Syed (Justice) Sadat Abdul Masud]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1986<br />
|[[Jean Riboud]] (Posthumous)<br />
|France<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1986<br />
|[[Martand Singh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Manidur Gopalan Ramachandran (posthumous)]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Justice Mirza Hameedullah Beg]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Kushok Bakula]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Renuka Ray]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1988<br />
|[[Valmiki Choudhary]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Umashankar Dikshit]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Lord Fenner Brockway]] (Posthumous)<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Lakshman Singh (Maharashtra politician)|Lakshman Singh]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1989<br />
|[[Yoshio Sakurauchi]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |1990-1999<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela]]<br />
|South Africa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Triloki Nath Chaturvedi]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Julius Silverman]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1990<br />
|[[Ram Narain Malhotra]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Morarji Ranchhodji Desai]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Rajiv Gandhi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Hirendra Nath Mukherjee]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Nayakulu Gogineni Ranga]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Gulzari Lal Nanda]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Fali Sam Nariman]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Jeevan Singh Umranangal]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Manubhai Rajaram Panoholi]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Babulal Chhogalal Pataudi]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1991<br />
|[[Hari Govindrao alias Bhausaheb Vartak]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]] (Posthumous)<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Sardar Swaran Singh]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Ravi Narayan Reddy]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Aruna Asaf Ali]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Bijoy Chandra Bhagavati]]<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Vavilala Gopalakrishnayya]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Homijehangir Hormusji Taleyarkhan]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Maadari Bhagya Gautam]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1992<br />
|[[Vaman Balkrishna Naique Prataprao Sardesai]]<br />
|Goa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1997<br />
|[[Gulzari Lal Nanda]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1997<br />
|[[Aruna Asaf Ali]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[(Smt.) Lakshmi Sahgal]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Nani Ardeshir Palkhivala]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Walter Sisulu]]<br />
|South Africa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Col. Gurbakhsh Singh Dhillon]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Laxmi Mall Singhvi]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Justice (Shri) Vithal Mahadev Tarkunde]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Satyapal Dang]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1998<br />
|[[Late Shri Jayaprakash Narayan]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[Late Shri Gopinath Bordoloi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[Justice Hans Raj Khanna (Retd.)]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[Justice Vaidynathapuram Rama Ayyar Krishna Iyer (Retd.)]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]<br />
|Himachal Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|1999<br />
|[[Jag Parvesh Chandra]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |2000-2009<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Sikander Bakht]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Maulana Wahiduddin Khan]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Enuga Sreenivasulu Reddy]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2000<br />
|[[Satya Narayan Gourisaria]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|[[Benjamin Arthur Gilman]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|[[Hosei Norota]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|[[Ashok Haribhai Desai]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|[[Swadesh Chatterjee]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2001<br />
|[[Mohan Ranade]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Soli Jehangir Sorabjee]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Congressman Frank Pallone]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Congressman Gary Ackerman]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Sushantha Kumar Bhattacharya]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Kottayan Katankot Venugopal]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Satish Chandra Rai]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Phillips Talbot]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Taro Nakayama]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2002<br />
|[[Viresh Pratap Chaudhry]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|[[Kazi Lhendup Dorji Kangsarpa]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|[[Herbert Paul Fischer]]<br />
|Germany<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|[[Parasaran Kesava Iyengar]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|[[Francis Dore]]<br />
|France<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2003<br />
|[[Neelakanta Ramakrishna Madhava Menon]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|[[Justice (Retd) Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah]]<br />
|Karnataka<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|[[Justice (Retd.) Shri Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|[[Yoshiro Mori]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2004<br />
|[[Flora Isabel MacDonald]]<br />
|Canada<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|[[Karan Singh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|[[Milon Kumar Banerji]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|[[Syed Mir Qasim]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2005<br />
|[[Indira Jaising]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|[[Justice Visheshwar Nath Khare]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|[[Hira Lall Sibal]]<br />
|Chandigarh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|[[Pavani Parmeswara Rao]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|[[Shashi Bhushan]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2006<br />
|[[Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al Mahmoud]]<br />
|Qatar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Raja Jesudoss Chelliah]]<br />
|Tamil Nadu<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Justice (Shri) Prafulla Chandra Bhagwati]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Fali Sam Nariman]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Justice (Shri) K.T. Thomas]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Ela Gandhi]]<br />
|South Africa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Dr.(Ms.) Syeda Saiyidain Hameed]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2007<br />
|[[Teesta Setalvad]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Justice (Dr.) Adarsh Sein Anand]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[P.N. Dhar]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Yuli M. Vorontsov]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Russia<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Mian Bashir Ahmad]]<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Lord Meghnad Jagdishchandra Desai]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2008<br />
|[[Colette Mathur]]<br />
|Switzerland<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[Govind Narain]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[(Smt.) Inderjit Kaur Barthakur]]<br />
|Meghalaya<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[Kirit Shantilal Parikh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[Shyamlha Pappu]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2009<br />
|[[K. Asungba Sangtam]]<br />
|Nagaland<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |2010-2019<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Yaga Venugopal Reddy]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Abhijit Sen]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Sailesh Kumar Bandyopadhyay]]<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Sant Singh Chatwal]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Rafael Iruzubieta Fernandez]]<br />
|Spain<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2010<br />
|[[Gulam Mohammad Mir]]<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[Akhlaq Ur Rahman Kidwai]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[Vijay Laxman Kelkar]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[K Parasaran]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[Montek Singh Ahluwalia]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[Prof.(Dr) Upendra Baxi]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2011<br />
|[[Anant Darshan Shankar]]<br />
|Karnataka<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[Patibandla Chandrasekhara Rao]]<br />
|Germany<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[George Yong-Boon Yeo]]<br />
|Singapore<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[Pravin Harjivandas Parekh]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2012<br />
|[[Yezdi Hirji Malegam]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2013<br />
|[[Shivajirao Girdhar Patil]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Justice Dalveer Bhandari]]<br />
|Netherlands<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Hasmukh Chimanlal Shah]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Ashok Kumar Mago]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Tashi Tondup]]<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[K.K. Venugopal]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Lal Kishinchand Advani]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Sardar Parkash Singh Badal]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Subhash C. Kashyap]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Harish Narendra Salve]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2015<br />
|[[Saichiro Misumi]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Jagmohan]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Ravindra Chandra Bhargava]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Robert Dean Blackwill]]<br />
|United States of America<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[M.N. Krishnamani]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Mahesh Chander Mehta]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Tokheho H. Sema]]<br />
|Nagaland<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2016<br />
|[[Ujjwal Deorao Nikam]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Purno Agitok Sangma]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Meghalaya<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Murli Manohar Joshi]]<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2017<br />
|[[Sunder Lal Patwa]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|[[His Excellency Alexander Kadakin]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Russia<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|[[Bhabani Charan Pattanaik]]<br />
|Odisha<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|[[Tommy Koh]]<br />
|Singapore<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|[[His Excellency Shri Hun Many]]<br />
|Cambodia<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2018<br />
|[[Thant Myint-U]]<br />
|Myanmar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[His Excellency Shri Ismail Omar Guelleh]]<br />
|Djibouti<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Sardar Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Pravin Jamnadas Gordhan]]<br />
|South Africa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Kariya Munda]]<br />
|Jharkhand<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Hukumdev Narayan Yadav]]<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Bhagirathi Devi]]<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2019<br />
|[[Harvinder Singh Phoolka]]<br />
|Punjab<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%"<br />
|+ class="nowrap" |2020-2029<br />
!Year<br />
!Name<br />
!State<br />
!Field<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[George Fernandes]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Arun Jaitley]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Sir Anerood Jugnauth]]<br />
|Mauritius<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Sushma Swaraj]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Syed Muazzem Ali]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Bangladesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Muzaffar Hussain Baig]]<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[S. C. Jamir]]<br />
|Nagaland<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Neelakanta Ramakrishna Madhava Menon]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Manohar Gopalkrishna Prabhu Parrikar]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Goa<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Robert John Blackman]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2020<br />
|[[Barry Strachan Gardiner]]<br />
|United Kingdom<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Shinzo Abe]]<br />
|Japan<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Tarun Gogoi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Sumitra Mahajan]]<br />
|Madhya Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Ram Vilas Paswan]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Keshubhai Patel]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Sardar Tarlochan Singh]]<br />
|Haryana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Bijoya Chakravorty]]<br />
|Assam<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2021<br />
|[[Lt. Col. Quazi Sajjad Ali Zahir (Retd.) Bir Protik Swadhinata Padak]]<br />
|Bangladesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Kalyan Singh]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Ghulam Nabi Azad]]<br />
|Jammu and Kashmir<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2022<br />
|[[Maljibhai Devjibhai Desai]]<br />
|Gujarat<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|[[Somanahalli Mallaiah Krishna]]<br />
|Karnataka<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|[[Narendra Chandra Debbarma]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Tripura<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2023<br />
|[[Thounaojam Chaoba Singh]]<br />
|Manipur<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu]]<br />
|Andhra Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Justice Ms. M. Fathima Beevi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Satya Brata Mookherjee]] (Posthumous)<br />
|West Bengal<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Ram Naik]]<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[O. Rajagopal]]<br />
|Kerala<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Sasindran Muthuvel]]<br />
|Papua New Guinea<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Karpoori Thakur]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2024<br />
|[[Lal Kishinchand Advani]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Justice (Retd.) Shri Jagdish Singh Khehar]]<br />
|Chandigarh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Manohar Joshi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Maharashtra<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Sushil Kumar Modi]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Bihar<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[C S Vaidyanathan]]<br />
|Delhi<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Manda Krishna Madiga]]<br />
|Telangana<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
|[[Narayan (Bhulai Bhai)]] (Posthumous)<br />
|Uttar Pradesh<br />
|Public Affairs<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lists of Padma Shri award recipients]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandwad_Assembly_constituency&diff=493510Chandwad Assembly constituency2026-04-18T13:21:16Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made a info w/ sources</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Chandvad<br />
| map_image = 118-Chandwad.svg<br />
| map_caption = Rahul Aher, present MLA of Chandvad<br />
| mla = [[Rahul Daulatrao Aher]]<br />
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| state = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| district = [[Nashik district|Nashik]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| incumbent_image = Rahulaher.JPG<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 118<br />
| electors = 309,931<br />
}}<br />
'''Chandwad Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df= }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Chandwad is part of the [[Dindori (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dindori Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Dindori (Maharasthra Assembly constituency)|Dindori]], [[Kalvan Assembly constituency]], [[Nandgaon Assembly constituency|Nandgaon]], [[Niphad Assembly constituency]] and [[Yeola Assembly constituency]].<ref name=ceo/><br />
<br />
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandwad Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/chandwad.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br />
|Kisanrao Dawakhar<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|Kashiram Gaikwad<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |Jaychand Kasliwal<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br />
|Shirishkumar Kotwal<br />
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party|rowspan=2}}<br />
|-<br />
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br />
|Uttam Bhalerao<br />
|-<br />
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br />
|Shirishkumar Kotwal<br />
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Rahul Daulatrao Aher|Rahul Aher]]<br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
===Assembly Election 2024=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Chandwad">{{cite news |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Chandwad |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13118.htm |access-date=22 December 2024 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222084257/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S13118.htm |archive-date=22 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rahul Daulatrao Aher|Dr. Rahul Daulatrao Aher]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,04,826 |percentage = 43.86% |change={{decrease}}10.19 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganesh Ramesh Nimbalkar |party=Prahar Janshakti Party |votes = 55,865 |percentage = 23.37% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Keda (Nana) Tanaji Aher |party=Independent politician |votes = 48,724 |percentage = 20.38% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,335 |percentage = 9.76% |change={{decrease}}29.79 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Santosh Namdev Kedare |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 2,602 |percentage = 1.09% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 424 |percentage = 0.18% |change={{decrease}}0.45 }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 48,961 |percentage = 20.48% |change= {{increase}}5.99 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,39,449 |percentage = 77.26% |change= {{increase}}8.52 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,39,025}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,09,931|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.07 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.19 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 2019=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rahul Daulatrao Aher|Dr. Rahul Daulatrao Aher]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,03,454 |percentage = 54.04% |change={{increase}}24.02 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 75,710 |percentage = 39.55% |change={{increase}}15.62 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay Waman Kedare |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,780 |percentage = 3.02% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sunil (Gotu Aaba) Parashram Aher |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,440 |percentage = 1.27% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Dattatray Ramchandra Gangurde |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 2,418 |percentage = 1.26% |change={{decrease}}0.56 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,196 |percentage = 0.62% |change={{increase}}0.17 }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 27,744 |percentage = 14.49% |change= {{increase}}8.39 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,92,632 |percentage = 69.03% |change= {{decrease}}3.09 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,91,432}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,79,047|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.32 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}24.02 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 2014=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rahul Daulatrao Aher|Dr. Rahul Daulatrao Aher]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 54,946 |percentage = 30.03% |change={{increase}}7.09 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 43,785 |percentage = 23.93% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Atmaram Popat Narayan |party=Independent politician |votes = 29,409 |percentage = 16.07% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uttam Ganpat Bhalerao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 27,295 |percentage = 14.92% |change={{decrease}}9.97 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aher Nitin Raghunath |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 19,032 |percentage = 10.40% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dattu Ramchandra Gangurde |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 3,327 |percentage = 1.82% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Bhivaji Hire |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,178 |percentage = 1.19% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 836 |percentage = 0.46% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,161 |percentage = 6.10% |change= {{decrease}}5.48 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,84,254 |percentage = 72.19% |change= {{increase}}4.95 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,82,992}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,55,252|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.76 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}6.44 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 2009=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 57,655 |percentage = 36.47% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhalerao Uttam (Baba) Ganpat |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 39,345 |percentage = 24.89% |change={{decrease}}13.59 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aher Arun Dadaji |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 36,261 |percentage = 22.94% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Shashikant Haribhau |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 15,448 |percentage = 9.77% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Laxmibai Narayan Shewale |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,496 |percentage = 1.58% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rakibe Arvind Damodhar |party=Swabhimani Paksha |votes = 2,348 |percentage = 1.49% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Kotwal Dattatraya Madhavrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,634 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,310 |percentage = 11.58% |change= {{increase}}5.19 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,58,131 |percentage = 66.76% |change= {{decrease}}3.89 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,58,083}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,36,866|ref = |change= {{increase}}26.32 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.00 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 2004=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Uttam Ganpat Bhalerao |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 50,953 |percentage = 38.48% |change={{decrease}}20.27 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 42,485 |percentage = 32.08% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Ratnakar Dnyandeo |party=Independent politician |votes = 31,522 |percentage = 23.80% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kotwal Dinkar Gangadhar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,479 |percentage = 1.87% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hire Ashok Bhivaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,851 |percentage = 1.40% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangurde Rajendra Laxman |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes = 1,363 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lata Bhika Barde |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,191 |percentage = 0.90% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,468 |percentage = 6.39% |change= {{decrease}}14.55 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,32,443 |percentage = 70.63% |change= {{increase}}4.59 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,32,431}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,87,511|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.59 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}20.27 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1999=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 61,333 |percentage = 58.74% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kasliwal Jaichand Deepchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 39,469 |percentage = 37.80% |change={{decrease}}1.20 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sonawane Madhukar Shankarrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 2,139 |percentage = 2.05% |change={{decrease}}35.41 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thombare Sitaram Karbhari |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes = 1,097 |percentage = 1.05% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,864 |percentage = 20.94% |change= {{increase}}19.39 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,11,435 |percentage = 70.47% |change= {{decrease}}7.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,04,413}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,120|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.01 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}19.74 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1995=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kasliwal Jaichand Deepchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 45,488 |percentage = 39.00% |change={{decrease}}7.25 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 43,683 |percentage = 37.46% |change={{increase}}3.20 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gunjal Suresh Dharmaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,925 |percentage = 5.94% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pawar Bagurao Fakira |party=Janata Dal |votes = 5,426 |percentage = 4.65% |change={{increase}}2.01 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pachorkar Daulat Lukaji |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 4,443 |percentage = 3.81% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lonari Vijay Dhondiram |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,328 |percentage = 2.85% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Kotwal Dattatraya Madhavrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,838 |percentage = 1.58% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,805 |percentage = 1.55% |change= {{decrease}}10.45 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,19,895 |percentage = 75.82% |change= {{increase}}11.56 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,16,621}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,58,134|ref = |change= {{increase}}15.12 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.25 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1990=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kasliwal Jaichand Deepchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 39,514 |percentage = 46.26% |change={{decrease}}0.88 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Shirishkumar Vasantrao Kotwal]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,264 |percentage = 34.26% |change={{decrease}}3.28 }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deore Vishwasrao Namdeo |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 7,920 |percentage = 9.27% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Madhukaranna Shankarrao Sonawane |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,239 |percentage = 3.79% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaurav Smitatai Chandrakant |party=Janata Dal |votes = 2,259 |percentage = 2.64% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kedare Navnath Kacharnathswami |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,121 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kolhe Ramkrishna Madhavrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 776 |percentage = 0.91% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,250 |percentage = 12.00% |change= {{increase}}2.40 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,466 |percentage = 63.68% |change= {{increase}}6.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 85,426}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,362|ref = |change= {{increase}}21.25 }} <br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.88 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1985=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kasliwal Jaichand Deepchand |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,659 |percentage = 47.14% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Narayan Kashiram |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,621 |percentage = 37.54% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhulerao Uttam Ganpat |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,410 |percentage = 7.01% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deore Shivaji Jayaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,374 |percentage = 3.77% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bankar Manohar Tulshiram |party=Independent politician |votes = 895 |percentage = 1.42% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Audhesh Narayan Girjashankar Mishra |party=Independent politician |votes = 670 |percentage = 1.06% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ahire Kacharu Bhimji |party=Independent politician |votes = 632 |percentage = 1.00% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,038 |percentage = 9.60% |change= {{increase}}3.97 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,345 |percentage = 56.80% |change= {{decrease}}2.09 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 62,921}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,13,289|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.01 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}10.02 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1980=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gaikwad Narayan Kashiram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,027 |percentage = 37.12% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Narhar Karbhari |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 18,690 |percentage = 31.49% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deore Gyanandev Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,159 |percentage = 30.60% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chauhan Jagannath Jairam |party=Independent politician |votes = 468 |percentage = 0.79% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,337 |percentage = 5.62% |change= {{increase}}2.02 }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,670 |percentage = 58.91% |change= {{decrease}}10.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 59,344}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,02,980|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.59 }} <br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.35 }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
===Assembly Election 1978=== <br />
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Chandwad<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}} <br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dawakhar Kisanrao Damodar |party=Janata Party |votes = 23,168 |percentage = 35.77% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deore Gyandeo Tukaram |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 20,836 |percentage = 32.17% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hiray Vyankatrao Bhausaheb |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,865 |percentage = 27.58% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pagar Laxman Bhikaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,245 |percentage = 1.92% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aher Kautikrao Malji |party=Independent politician |votes = 873 |percentage = 1.35% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Chintaman Rama |party=Independent politician |votes = 782 |percentage = 1.21% |change= ''New'' }} <br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,332 |percentage = 3.60% |change= }} <br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,416 |percentage = 70.03% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,769}} <br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,838|ref = |change= }} <br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Janata Party |loser = |swing= }} <br />
{{Election box end}} <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Chandwad]]<br />
* [[Deola]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br />
{{Nashik district}}<br />
{{coords|20.33|74.24|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nashik district]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Nashik district]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurgaon_Assembly_constituency&diff=501505Gurgaon Assembly constituency2026-04-15T23:40:32Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new info added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Haryana legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency <br />
| name = Gurgaon Assembly constituency<br />
|type= SLA <br />
| map_image = Gurgaon Assembly constituency map.svg <br />
|state = [[Haryana]]<br />
|established = 1968<br />
|abolished = <br />
| electors = 4,37,674<br />
|mla = [[Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]<br />
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
| constituency_no = 77<br />
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br />
| district = [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency|Gurgaon]]<br />
| reservation = None <br />
}} <br />
<br />
'''Gurgaon Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 constituencies in the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]] of [[Haryana]] a north state of [[India]]. Gurgaon is also part of [[Gurgaon (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gurgaon Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ECI-20081126">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=2008-11-26|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/gurgaon.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Gurgaon Assembly constituency]</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gurgaon Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/gurgaon.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><br />
!colspan="2"|Party<br />
|- <br />
| [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]] <br />
| Pratap Singh Thakran <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br />
|- <br />
<br />
| [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]] <br />
| rowspan=2 | Rao Mahabir Singh <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]] <br />
|- <br />
| [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]] <br />
| Pratap Singh Thakran <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]] <br />
| Dharambir <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]] <br />
| Sita Ram Singla <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]] <br />
| rowspan=2|Dharambir <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]] <br />
|- <br />
| [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]] <br />
| Gopi Chand Gahlawat<br />
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]] <br />
| Dharambir <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]] <br />
| [[Sukhbir Kataria]] <br />
| {{party name with color|Independent politician}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] <br />
| [[Umesh Aggarwal]] <br />
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br />
|- <br />
| [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]] <br />
| [[Sudhir Singla]] <br />
|-<br />
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]] <br />
| [[Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)|Mukesh Sharma]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
===Assembly Election 2024===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/statewiseS071.htm |title=State wise result |work=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mukesh Sharma (Haryana politician)|Mukesh Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,22,615 |percentage=53.29% |change={{increase}}9.95 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Naveen Goyal |party=Independent politician |votes=54,570 |percentage=23.72% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohit Grover |party=Indian National Congress |votes=46,947 |percentage=20.40% |change={{increase}}8.17 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Nishant Anand |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=2,177 |percentage=0.95% |change={{decrease}}2.02 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,075 |percentage=0.47% |change={{decrease}}0.23 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=68,045 |percentage=29.57% |change= {{increase}}11.96 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=2,30,147|percentage=51.88 |change= {{decrease}}0.42 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 4,37,674 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.55 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}9.95 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2019 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Singla]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=81,953 |percentage=43.33 |change={{decrease}}12.51 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohit Grover |party=Independent politician |votes=48,638 |percentage=25.72 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukhbir Kataria]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,126 |percentage=12.23 |change={{increase}}2.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sube Singh Bohra |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=9,331 |percentage=4.93 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaje Singh Kablana |party=Independent politician |votes=8,279 |percentage=4.38 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranbeer Singh Rathi(R S Rathee) |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=5,612 |percentage=2.97 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhopal Singh Rao |party=Independent politician |votes=4,553 |percentage=2.41 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narender Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,858 |percentage=0.98 |change={{decrease}}1.08 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,346 |percentage=0.71 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,317 |percentage=0.70 |change={{decrease}}0.05 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,315 |percentage=17.62 |change= {{decrease}}26.65 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,89,116 |percentage=52.30 |change= {{decrease}}11.80 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,61,581 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.00 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}12.51 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2014 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|title=Haryana Results|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|website=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Umesh Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,06,106 |percentage=55.85 |change={{increase}}36.80 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand Gahlot |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=22,011 |percentage=11.59 |change={{increase}}9.12 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir Gaba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,094 |percentage=10.05 |change={{decrease}}20.97 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukhbir Kataria]] |party=Independent politician |votes=15,755 |percentage=8.29 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gaje Singh Kablana |party=Independent politician |votes=15,082 |percentage=7.94 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Vir |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,923 |percentage=2.06 |change={{decrease}}1.46 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. S. Rathee |party=Independent politician |votes=2,176 |percentage=1.15 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=1,414 |percentage=0.74 |change= ''New''}}<br />
<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=84,095 |percentage=44.26 |change= {{increase}}42.55 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,89,993 |percentage=64.11 |change= {{increase}}9.94 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,96,368 |ref = |change= {{increase}}28.11 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}23.12 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2009 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sukhbir Kataria]] |party=Independent politician |votes=41,013 |percentage=32.73 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,873 |percentage=31.02 |change={{decrease}}23.56 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Umesh Aggarwal]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,864 |percentage=19.04 |change={{increase}}7.69 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. S. Rathee |party=Independent politician |votes=5,951 |percentage=4.75 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanhiya Lal |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=4,674 |percentage=3.73 |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhim Singh Rathee |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,420 |percentage=3.53 |change={{increase}}1.44 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mani Ram Sharma |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=3,089 |percentage=2.46 |change={{decrease}}22.90 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,140 |percentage=1.71 |change= {{decrease}}27.51 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,25,317 |percentage=54.17 |change= {{increase}}6.30 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,31,340 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}20.80 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}21.85 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2005 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=76,319 |percentage=54.58% |change={{increase}}30.99 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=35,465 |percentage=25.36% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudha |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,879 |percentage=11.36% |change={{decrease}}5.35 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Col. Ratan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,839 |percentage=4.18% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander Vashist |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,923 |percentage=2.09% |change={{decrease}}12.62 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,101 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Maratha |party=Independent politician |votes=782 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=40,854 |percentage=29.22% |change= {{increase}}14.87 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,39,829 |percentage=47.87% |change= {{decrease}}8.03 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,92,086 |ref = |change= {{increase}}52.98 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}16.64 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 2000 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=40,493 |percentage=37.94% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,181 |percentage=23.59% |change={{decrease}}6.79 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tilak Raj |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,833 |percentage=16.71% |change={{decrease}}7.04 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rao Narbir Singh]] |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=15,704 |percentage=14.71% |change={{increase}}11.19 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manohar Lal Dhingra |party=Independent politician |votes=2,413 |percentage=2.26% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukesh Sharma |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=1,377 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhanno Bai Hizra |party=Independent politician |votes=1,283 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwan Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=677 |percentage=0.63% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=622 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,312 |percentage=14.35% |change= {{increase}}7.72 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,726 |percentage=55.98% |change= {{decrease}}4.12 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,90,931 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.27 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.56 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1996 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,716 |percentage=30.38% |change={{decrease}}13.84 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram Singla |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,358 |percentage=23.75% |change={{increase}}10.56 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Samata Party |votes=26,097 |percentage=23.52% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krishan Lal |party=Janata Dal |votes=8,157 |percentage=7.35% |change={{decrease}}1.61 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khazan Singh |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=4,286 |percentage=3.86% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal S/O Haria |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,916 |percentage=3.53% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal S/O Kotu Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=2,162 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vashistha Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,764 |percentage=1.59% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bishan |party=Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi |votes=580 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,358 |percentage=6.63% |change= {{decrease}}16.27 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,10,968 |percentage=61.81% |change= {{decrease}}0.75 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,84,880 |ref = |change= {{increase}}34.01 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}13.84 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1991 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir S/O Pannu Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,081 |percentage=44.23% |change={{increase}}14.01 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopi Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=17,879 |percentage=21.32% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram Singla |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,060 |percentage=13.19% |change={{decrease}}46.64 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajraj Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=7,513 |percentage=8.96% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nawal Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=5,786 |percentage=6.90% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yashwant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=733 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahender Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=717 |percentage=0.86% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Raghav |party=Independent politician |votes=594 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manohar Lal Goyal |party=Independent politician |votes=562 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,202 |percentage=22.90% |change= {{decrease}}6.71 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,844 |percentage=62.31% |change= {{decrease}}10.87 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,37,961 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.68 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}15.60 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1987 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram Singla |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=48,596 |percentage=59.83% |change={{increase}}31.18 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Vir Gawa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,545 |percentage=30.22% |change={{decrease}}12.57 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajraj Singh Rao |party=Independent politician |votes=5,354 |percentage=6.59% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. D. Rishi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,155 |percentage=1.42% |change={{decrease}}0.52 }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=24,051 |percentage=29.61% |change= {{increase}}15.47 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=81,227 |percentage=72.71% |change= {{increase}}5.22 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,13,377 |ref = |change= {{increase}}29.87 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}17.04 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharambir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,809 |percentage=42.78% |change={{increase}}28.75 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram Singla |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,610 |percentage=28.64% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Thakran |party=Independent politician |votes=9,649 |percentage=16.64% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gajraj Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,941 |percentage=6.80% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. D. Rishi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=1,126 |percentage=1.94% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phool Chand Suman |party=Janata Party |votes=438 |percentage=0.76% |change={{decrease}}38.14 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=388 |percentage=0.67% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,199 |percentage=14.14% |change= {{increase}}3.59 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,986 |percentage=67.34% |change= {{increase}}5.84 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,301 |ref = |change= {{increase}}32.35 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.89 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh Thakran |party=Janata Party |votes=15,543 |percentage=38.90% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander |party=Independent politician |votes=11,327 |percentage=28.35% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Devi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,608 |percentage=14.03% |change={{decrease}}38.94 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sultan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=3,224 |percentage=8.07% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hit Ahbhalashi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,429 |percentage=3.58% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banwari Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,247 |percentage=3.12% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chamel Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=751 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh |party=Independent politician |votes=491 |percentage=1.23% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,216 |percentage=10.55% |change= {{decrease}}2.15 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,961 |percentage=61.29% |change= {{decrease}}3.48 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,962 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.77 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.08 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1972 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahabir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,507 |percentage=52.98% |change={{decrease}}5.15 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander Gulati |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=17,873 |percentage=40.28% |change={{increase}}2.58 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surrendera Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,903 |percentage=4.29% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,090 |percentage=2.46% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,634 |percentage=12.70% |change= {{decrease}}7.73 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,373 |percentage=65.23% |change= {{increase}}9.30 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 69,263 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.36 }}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.15 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1968 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahabir Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,114 |percentage=58.12% |change={{increase}}16.03 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Partap Singh Thakran |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=12,396 |percentage=37.69% |change={{decrease}}15.13 }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Charan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=634 |percentage=1.93% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganga Jiwan |party=Independent politician |votes=319 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganeshi |party=Independent politician |votes=249 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roop Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=173 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,718 |percentage=20.43% |change= {{increase}}9.70 }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,885 |percentage=56.24% |change= {{decrease}}14.81 }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 60,043 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.14 }}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= {{increase}}5.30 }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
===Assembly Election 1967 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Gurgaon<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh Thakran |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=20,792 |percentage=52.82% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanhaya Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,567 |percentage=42.09% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sarup |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,001 |percentage=2.54% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=548 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Aggarwal |party=Independent politician |votes=454 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,225 |percentage=10.73% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,362 |percentage=73.20% |change= }}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,569 |ref = |change= }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser= |swing= }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
* [[Gurgaon]]<br />
* [[Gurgaon district]]<br />
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|28.45|77.01|display=title}}<br />
{{Haryana constituencies}}<br />
{{Haryana}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Gurgaon]]<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Gurgaon district]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allahabad_West_Assembly_constituency&diff=485639Allahabad West Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:48:12Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Allahabad West''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in the [[Prayagraj]] city of Uttar Pradesh, India.<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Allahabad West<br />
| map_image = 261-Allahabad West.svg<br />
| mla = [[Sidharth Nath Singh]]<br />
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]<br />
| latest_election_year = 2022<br />
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]<br />
| reservation = None<br />
| electors = 4,18,849 (2018)<br />
| type = SLA<br />
| constituency_no = 261<br />
}} <br />
Allahabad West is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 261 amongst 403 constituencies.<br />
<br />
Currently this seat is represented by [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Sidharth Nath Singh|Siddharth Nath Singh]] who won in last Assembly election of [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Richa Singh by a margin of 29,873 votes.<br />
<br />
==Members of Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Year<br />
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Allahabad West Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/allahabad-west.html |access-date=6 September 2024 |website=Elections in India}}</ref><br />
! colspan="2" |Party<br />
|-<br />
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br />
|Chaudhary Naunihal Singh<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |<br />
|[[Indian National Congress]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]<br />
|Habib Ahmad<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]<br />
|Tirath Ram Kohli<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jan Sangh}}" |<br />
|[[Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br />
|Habib Ahmad <br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |<br />
|[[Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|1979^<br />
|rowspan=2|Chaudhary Naunihal Singh<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress (I)]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br />
|[[Gopal Das Yadav]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Lokdal}}" |<br />
|[[Lokdal]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br />
|rowspan=5|[[Atiq Ahmed]]<br />
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |<br />
|[[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Apna Dal}}" |<br />
|[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]<br />
|-<br />
|2004^<br />
|[[Raju Pal]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |<br />
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|2005^<br />
|[[Khalid Azim]]<br />
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |<br />
|[[Samajwadi Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Pooja Pal]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Sidharth Nath Singh]]<br />
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]<br />
|}<br />
^ by poll<br />
<br />
== Election results ==<br />
<br />
=== 2022 ===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Allahabad West<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Siddharth Nath Singh]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:118759}}<br />
|percentage = 53.29<br />
|change = +10.25<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|candidate = Richa Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:88826}}<br />
|percentage = 39.86<br />
|change = +9.57<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = Gulam Qadir<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:7626}}<br />
|percentage = 3.42<br />
|change = -16.96<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|candidate = Tasleem Uddin<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2295}}<br />
|percentage = 1.03<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1518}}<br />
|percentage = 0.68<br />
|change = -0.16<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:29933}}<br />
|percentage = 13.43<br />
|change = +0.68<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:222861}}<br />
|percentage = 48.49<br />
|change = +1.05<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = BJP<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2017 ===<br />
{{Election box begin|<br />
title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Allahabad West<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|candidate = [[Sidharth Nath Singh]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:85518}}<br />
|percentage = 43.04<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|candidate = Richa Singh<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:60182}}<br />
|percentage = 30.29<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|candidate = [[Pooja Pal]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:40499}}<br />
|percentage = 20.38<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Hasan Akhlaq Alias Rizwan Niwan<br />
|party = Independent<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:4018}}<br />
|percentage = 2.02<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Chandradev Singh Alias Daya Singh Bismark<br />
|party = NISHAD Party<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:2974}}<br />
|percentage = 1.5<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|party = None of the above<br />
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:1659}}<br />
|percentage = 0.84<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:25336}}<br />
|percentage = 12.75<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = {{formatnum:198692}}<br />
|percentage = 47.44<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing = +28.64<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2012===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 2012]]: Allahabad West}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Pooja Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 71,114<br />
|percentage = 40.11<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Atique Ahmad|Atiq Ahmad]]<br />
|party = Apna Dal (Soneylal)<br />
|votes = 62,229<br />
|percentage = 35.10<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Jyoti Yadav]]<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 18,867<br />
|percentage = 10.64<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Ramji Kesarwani<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 9,740<br />
|percentage = 5.49<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Ravi Prakash<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 4,933<br />
|percentage = 2.78<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 8,885<br />
|percentage = 5.01<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 1,77,311<br />
|percentage = 51.74<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box hold with party link<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2007===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=[[2007 Uttar Pradesh state assembly election|U. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2007]]}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Pooja Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 56,198<br />
|percentage = 47.08<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Khalid Azim<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 45,876<br />
|percentage = 38.43<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = [[Keshav Prasad Maurya]]<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 11,111<br />
|percentage = 9.31<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Syed Mohammad Shahab<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 2,110<br />
|percentage = 1.76<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link<br />
|candidate = Sachin Sonkar<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 918<br />
|percentage = 0.77<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority<br />
|votes = 10,322<br />
|percentage = 8.65<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout<br />
|votes = 1,19,355<br />
|percentage = 34.05<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|loser = Samajwadi Party<br />
|swing = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2005 bypoll===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2005}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Khalid Azim<br />
|party = Samajwadi Party<br />
|votes = 90,836<br />
|percentage = 52.42<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Pooja Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 77,453<br />
|percentage = 44.69<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Lakshmi Shankar Ojha<br />
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br />
|votes = 1,410<br />
|percentage = 0.82<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Vasudev<br />
|party = Independent (politician)<br />
|votes = 1,140<br />
|percentage = 0.66<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = Sanjay Krishna Srivastava<br />
|party = Indian National Congress<br />
|votes = 660<br />
|percentage = 0.38<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box majority|<br />
|votes = 13,383<br />
|percentage = 7.73<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box turnout|<br />
|votes = 1,73,282<br />
|percentage = 45.30<br />
|change =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Samajwadi Party<br />
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
===2004 bypoll===<br />
{{Election box begin | title=By Election, 2004}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|<br />
|candidate = [[Raju Pal]]<br />
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|votes = 70,533<br />
|percentage = 47.16<br />
|change = <br />
}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Khalid Azim|party=Samajwadi Party|votes=65,715|percentage=43.94|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Keshav Prasad Maurya]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=6,116|percentage=4.09|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anshuman Singh|party=Indian National Congress|votes=2,313|percentage=1.55|change=}}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Syed Asaf|party=Apna Dal (Soneylal)|votes=1,165|percentage=0.78|change=}}<br />
{{Election box majority||votes=4,818|percentage=3.22|change=}}<br />
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,49,555|percentage=40.08|change=}}<br />
{{Election box gain with party link|<br />
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party<br />
|loser = Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)<br />
|swing =<br />
}}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}<br />
<br />
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}<br />
<br />
{{coord|25.43|81.77|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]<br />
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sagar_Hosanagar_Assembly_constituency&diff=531752Sagar Hosanagar Assembly constituency2026-04-14T03:34:26Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made a post!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox Indian constituency<br />
| name = Sagar Hosanagar<br />
| state = [[Mysore State]]<br />
| constituency_no = <br />
| type = SLA<br />
| map_image = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| district = [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]<br />
| loksabha_cons = [[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency|Shimoga]]<br />
| division = [[Bangalore division|Bangalore]]<br />
| established = 1951<br />
| abolished = 1957<br />
| electors = <!-- number of electors at last election. Add a ref --><br />
| reservation = None<br />
| mla = <br />
| party = <br />
| latest_election_year = <br />
}}<br />
'''Sagar Hosanagar Assembly constituency''' was one of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in the state assembly of [[Mysore State|Mysore]], in India. It was part of [[Shimoga Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="delimitation1952">{{cite web |date=1952 |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1956 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |access-date=13 October 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Members of the Legislative Assembly==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Election<br />
! Member<br />
! colspan=2|Party<br />
|-<br />
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || S. Gopala Gowda || {{Full party name with color|Socialist Party (India)}}<br />
|}<br />
==Election results==<br />
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===<br />
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Sagar Hosanagar <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007130946/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MYSORE.pdf|archive-date=7 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}<br />
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = S. Gopala Gowda |party = Socialist Party (India) |votes = 13,722 |percentage = 54.44% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = A. R. Badri Narayan |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 11,485 |percentage = 45.56% |change = ''New'' }}<br />
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,237 |percentage = 8.87% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,207 |percentage = 65.43% |change = }}<br />
{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,207}}<br />
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,527 |ref = |change = }}<br />
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Socialist Party (India) |swing = }}<br />
{{Election box end}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}<br />
{{coord|14.034777|75.123108|display=title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:Shimoga district]]<br />
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br />
[[Category:1951 establishments in Mysore State]]<br />
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]<br />
[[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]<br />
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilam_Devi&diff=521986Nilam Devi2026-04-11T11:18:30Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting a bio.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician from Bihar}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
| name = Neelam Devi<br />
| constituency = [[Mokama Assembly constituency|Mokama]]<br />
| term_start = 6 November 2022<br />
| party = [[Janata Dal (United)]]<br />
| 1blankname =<br />
| 1namedata = <br />
| birth_place = [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|2|11|df=y}}<br />
| spouse = [[Anant Kumar Singh]]<br />
| nickname = Nilu<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = 100<br />
| predecessor = [[Anant Kumar Singh]]<br />
| term_end = 14 November 2025<br />
| successor = Anant Kumar Singh<br />
| citizenship = <br />
| birth_name = Neelam Kumari <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Nilam Devi''', also '''Neelam Devi''' (born 11 February 1971),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Neelam Devi(RJD):Constituency- MOKAMA : BYE ELECTION ON 03-11-2022(PATNA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=13703 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician representing [[Mokama Assembly constituency|Mokama assembly constituency]] in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<br />
<br />
She was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|member]] of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] in 2022 [[by-election]], after disqualification of her predecessor (and also her husband) [[Anant Kumar Singh]] as an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Prabhat Khabar Digital |title=Bihar by election : टिकट मिलने के बाद बाहुबली की पत्नी बोलीं- मोकामा में कमल खिलने के लिए नहीं है कीचड़ |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/bihar-by-election-anant-singh-wife-neelam-devi-attack-on-bjp-in-patna-skm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |date=11 October 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-06 |title=Mokama Bypoll Results 2022 LIVE: RJD's Neelam Devi Continues to Lead After 12th Round of Counting |url=https://www.india.com/news/mokama-bypoll-results-live-bihar-byelection-results-latest-updates-bjp-sonam-devi-rjd-neelam-devi-rjd-mla-anant-singh-arms-act-conviction-5726038/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=India.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=मोकामा में दिख रहा अनंत सिंह का जादू, जीत की ओर कदम बढ़ा रही नीलम देवी, जश्न की जोरदार तैयारियां शुरू |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/bihar-by-election-results-live-mokama-chunav-result-news-magic-of-anant-singh-neelam-devi-rjd-win-in-mokama-gvk |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |date=6 November 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Prabhat khabar |title=Bihar By-Election Results Live: मोकामा में काउंटिंग खत्म, नीलम देवी विजयी, आधिकारिक घोषणा बाकी |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/bihar-by-election-results-live-updates-gopalganj-mokama-bypolls-result-news-asj-mdn |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Prabhat Khabar |date=6 November 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> She contested the election through the political party [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|Rashtriya Janta Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=उपचुनाव : बिहार की मोकामा सीट RJD के खाते में, बाहुबली नेता अनंत सिंह की पत्नी नीलम देवी जीतीं |url=https://ndtv.in/india/mokama-bypoll-results-rjd-candidate-neelam-devi-wins-anant-kumar-singh-3494687 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=NDTVIndia}}</ref><br />
<br />
She earlier fought from [[Munger Lok Sabha constituency]] in 2019 representing the national party [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nilam Devi(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MUNGER(BIHAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/loksabha2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=10150 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=न्यूज़ |first=एबीपी |date=2019-03-28 |title=बिहार: बाहुबली नेता अनंत सिंह की पत्नी को मुंगेर से टिकट दे सकती है कांग्रेस |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/states/lok-sabha-election-2019-congress-may-give-ticket-to-anant-singhs-wife-neelam-devi-from-munger-1097203 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |website=Business Standard |title=Munger Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Munger Election Result 2019 {{!}} Munger Winning MP & Party {{!}} Munger Lok Sabha Seat |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019/bihar/munger-election-results-18_1588.html |access-date=2022-11-06 }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Personal life ==<br />
Neelam Devi is married to [[Anant Kumar Singh]].<ref name=":0" /> She is educated up to class 8,<ref name=":1" /> and has four children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6InlsSTZGVGxqTUFjTUpHXC96VlJzSjJnPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6IklmMVltNW5JQSs0Q1B4ZDlrODRqSmc9PSIsIm1hYyI6IjgzNTgxYjM4M2Y5Y2ZiMDU3NTc0ZDNkM2E4ZDNlMjQxM2ZlNzU2Y2Y2ZmQ5NDgzOWU1Yjc5OWE3ZGM4MTY2NDAifQ==/MzA=/MTc=/NA==/QUM= |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Nilam}}<br />
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]<br />
[[Category:People from Patna district]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:1973 births]]<br />
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br />
<br />
{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zakura,_India&diff=546454Zakura, India2026-04-04T13:26:52Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made data!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Other uses|Zakura}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Zakura<br />
| official_name = Zukura, Zukur<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|34.1589887|N|74.8316992|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| coordinates_footnotes = <br />
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} <br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg}} [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of constituencies of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]<br />
| subdivision_name4 = [[Hazratbal]] <br />
| established_title = Settled<br />
| established_date = Ancient<br />
| founder = <br />
| chief minister = <br />
| leader_title1 =<br />
| Governor = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 =<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
|url =<br />
|title = <br />
|work =<br />
|publisher =<br />
|date = <br />
|accessdate = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], English<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019215035/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 190006<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 0194<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 =<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = <br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = <br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = Distance from Delhi<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = <!--{{convert||km|mi}}--><br />
| blank4_name_sec1 = Distance from Mumbai<br />
| blank4_info_sec1 = <!--{{convert||km|mi}}--><br />
| blank1_name_sec2 =<br />
| blank1_info_sec2 =<br />
| blank2_name_sec2 =<br />
| blank2_info_sec2 =<br />
| blank3_name_sec2 = <br />
| blank3_info_sec2 =<br />
| blank4_name_sec2 =<br />
| blank4_info_sec2 =<br />
| website =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zakura''', also known as '''Zukura''' and '''Zukur''', is a notified area and town in the [[Srinagar district]] of the [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. The town is the integral part of [[Hazratbal|Hazratbal constituency]]. The area is located about 12&nbsp;km from commercial center of the [[Kashmir Valley]]. The area provides at least two major road links which connects municipal committee of [[Ganderbal district|Ganderbal]] with [[Srinagar district|Srinagar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://chennaisharetips.com/areas/zakura-srinagar-kashmir | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212610/http://chennaisharetips.com/areas/zakura-srinagar-kashmir | url-status=dead | archive-date=3 March 2016 | title=introduction about Zukura Srinagar | access-date=5 January 2015 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
The area is located {{Coord|34.1589887|N|74.8316992|E}} 12&nbsp;km towards North from the commercial center of Srinagar.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamapia.com/Srinagar/zakura.html | title=indiamapia.com | access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{main article|Zakoora and Tengpora massacre}}<br />
The people living in Zakura witnessed the slaughter of the human lives by Indian armed forces in the 20th century. The key event among all the brutal killings was Zakura Massacre. The Massacre was the killing of protesters calling for the implementation of a United Nations resolution regarding a plebiscite in Kashmir at Zakura Crossing in Srinagar on 1 March 1990. 40 people died in the incident.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=13 March 2015|title=Zakura, Tengpora carnages haunt survivors|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/more/news/zakura-tengpora-carnages-haunt-survivors/|access-date=10 July 2020|website=Greater Kashmir|language=en-US}}<br />
<br />
https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/more/news/zakura-tengpora-carnages-haunt-survivors/?amp</ref><br />
<br />
==Demographics==<br />
The postal code of the area is 190006.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pincode.net.in/JAMMU_and_KASHMIR/SRINAGAR/Z/ZAKURA | title=pincode.net | access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref> [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] is the native language of the area, people also speak [[Urdu language|Urdu]] and [[English language|English]] fluently.<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
<br />
===Institute of Asian Medical Sciences===<br />
The college is considered one of the top medical colleges in valley. It provided major role and contribution in [[2014 Kashmir floods]], it was the only college in which vaccine injections were not destroyed by floods. It saved the life of many human beings.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iamskashmir.com/ | title=education in zukura | access-date=5 January 2015 | archive-date=10 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310092746/http://www.iamskashmir.com/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Buchpora]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
{{India topics}}<br />
{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}<br />
{{Municipalities of Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
{{Kashmir Valley}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Cities and towns in Srinagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Srinagar district]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Eon&diff=458826Hyundai Eon2026-03-28T10:25:35Z<p>DelmarTroiano: minor adjust intro for consistency and improved wording for consistency</p>
<hr />
<div>{{For|the Hyundai Eon sold since 2019|Hyundai Santro#AH2}}<br />
{{Distinguish|Hyundai EO}}<br />
{{Infobox automobile<br />
| name = Hyundai Eon<br />
| image = Hyundai Eos GL 2014 (11954748753).jpg<br />
| caption = <br />
| manufacturer = [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]<br />
| aka = Hyundai Atos Eon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoalgerie.com/la-nouvelle-atos-eon-a-partir-de,4145 |title=Hyundai Motor Algérie : La nouvelle Atos Eon à partir de 776 999 DA |publisher=autogalerie.com |date=2012-02-19 |access-date=2013-08-11 |archive-date=2019-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907021240/http://www.autoalgerie.com/la-nouvelle-atos-eon-a-partir-de,4145 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
| production = April 2011-May 2019<br />
| assembly = {{ubl<br />
| India: [[Chennai]] ([[Hyundai Motor India|HMIL]])<br />
| Philippines: [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]] (HARI)<ref name="HARI">{{cite web |url=https://www.autoindustriya.com/auto-industry-news/hari-opens-new-hyundai-assembly-center-in-laguna.html |title=HARI opens new Hyundai Assembly Center in Laguna |publisher=Autoindustriya.com |date=2017-04-27 |access-date=2018-07-12}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
| predecessor = [[Hyundai Atos|Hyundai Atos/Santro]]<br />
| successor = [[Hyundai Santro#AH2|Hyundai Atos/Santro (AH2)]]<br />
| class = [[City car]] ([[A-segment|A]])<br />
| body_style = 5-door [[hatchback]]<br />
| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]<br />
| platform = [[Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#Hyundai-Kia SA platform|Hyundai-Kia SA]]<br />
| engine = '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''<br/>0.8 L [[Hyundai Epsilon engine#G3HA|''Epsilon'']] [[Straight-three engine|I3]]<ref name="Tamayo">{{cite web |url=https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2012/05/review-2012-hyundai-eon-southeast-asia-spec/ |title=Review: 2012 Hyundai Eon, Southeast Asia Spec |author=Tamayo, Niky |publisher=The Truth About Cars |date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2013-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carsingh.com/new/Hyundai-Eon.html |title=Hyundai Eon |publisher=CarSingh |access-date=2012-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413084706/http://www.carsingh.com/new/Hyundai-Eon.html |archive-date=2012-04-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br/>1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#G3LA|Kappa II]]'' [[Fuel injection#Multi-point injection|MPi]] I3<ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |url=https://carandbike.com/news/hyundai-eon-now-gets-a-1-0-litre-engine-prices-revealed-386745 |title=Hyundai Eon now gets a 1.0-litre engine; prices revealed |author=Yogi, Vikas |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=2014-05-06 |access-date=2014-05-13}}</ref><ref name="ibtimes">{{cite news |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/hyundai-eon-1-0-litre-launched-in-india-price-features-details-551503 |title=Hyundai Eon 1.0-Litre Launched in India; Price, Features Details |author=Greeshma m |newspaper=[[International Business Times]] |date=2014-05-07 |access-date=2014-05-13}}</ref><br />
| transmission = 5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{convert|2380|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />
| length = {{convert|3515|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />
| width = {{convert|1550|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />
| height = {{convert|1510|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />
| weight = {{convert|715|-|790|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br />
| related = [[Hyundai i10]]<br/>[[Kia Picanto]]<br />
| sp = us<br />
}}<br />
The '''Hyundai Eon''' is a [[city car]] produced by the South Korean manufacturer [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]. It was launched on 13 October 2011 in [[India]], March 2012 in the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/mias-2012-hari-launches-hyundai-eon |title=MIAS 2012: HARI Launches Hyundai Eon |publisher=Top Gear Philippines |date=2012-03-29 |access-date=2012-04-09}}</ref> June 2012 in [[Vietnam]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vietbao.vn/O-to-xe-may/Hyundai-Eon-oto-ti-hon-tai-Viet-Nam/12981164/350/ |title=Hyundai Eon - ôtô "tí hon" tại Việt Nam |publisher=ViệtBáo.vn |date=2012-06-15 |access-date=2012-09-22 |archive-date=2014-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526053949/http://vietbao.vn/O-to-xe-may/Hyundai-Eon-oto-ti-hon-tai-Viet-Nam/12981164/350/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> and June 2014 in [[Sri Lanka]]. It was also sold in Honduras, Nepal, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Chile, Peru, Panama, and Colombia. It was discontinued in India and other markets in 2019. It is also called the '''Hyundai Atos Eon''' in several markets.<br />
<br />
The Eon was produced in India at Hyundai's [[Chennai]] plant for the domestic and export markets as the company's entry level city car, positioned below the [[Hyundai i10]] and [[Hyundai Atos]].<ref name="IndianAutoBlog">{{cite web |url=https://indianautosblog.com/2013/08/hyundai-eon-facelift-spied-89965 |title=Spied – Hyundai Eon facelift tests alongside the 2014 i10 |author=Ravi, Anjan |publisher=Indian Auto Blog |date=2013-08-01 |access-date=2013-08-12}}</ref> It was only exported throughout Latin America, Africa and several Asian countries.<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
[[File:Hyundai Eon GL 2013 (14138357097).jpg|left|thumb|Rear view]]<br />
The Eon was designed jointly between the Hyundai R&D centers in [[Hwaseong, Gyeonggi|Namyang]], [[South Korea]], and [[Hyderabad, India]].<ref name="wsj-eonbook">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204226204576602280085448162|title=Hyundai India to Open Eon Bookings Saturday | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2011-09-30}}</ref><ref name="et-eonbook">{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/hyundais-alto-challenger-eon-bookings-to-open-from-october-1/articleshow/10182394.cms|title=Hyundai's Alto challenger Eon bookings to open from October 1|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2011-09-30}}</ref> It was offered with an 814{{sp}}cc three-cylinder petrol engine that generates {{cvt|55|bhp|kW|disp=flip}} and {{cvt|75|Nm|kgm}} torque. According to Hyundai's [[Philippines|Philippine]] distributor, the Eon has a fuel economy rating of {{cvt|26.3|km/L|L/100km|disp=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drivespark.com/four-wheelers/2012/03-hyundai-eon-mileage-philippines-26-3-kmpl.html |title=Hyundai Eon's Mileage in Philippines 26.3kmpl |publisher=DriveSpark |date=2012-04-03 |access-date=2012-04-12}}</ref> The car is equipped with 13-inch wheels fitted with 155/70 R13 tires.<ref name="Tamayo" /><br />
<br />
In January 2012, Hyundai India announced [[Autogas|LPG]] models of Eon as well. These models have a 34 L toroidal tank<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1400139928479.pdf |title=Hyundai Eon Brochure |publisher=Hyundai |location=India |access-date=2014-08-20 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> with an additional cost of approximately INR 27,000 to the available models.<br />
<br />
In May 2014, Hyundai released a variant of the Eon with the 1.0-litre [[Hyundai Kappa engine#Kappa II|Kappa II]] three-cylinder engine also found in the [[Hyundai i10#Second generation (IA/BA; 2013)|European Hyundai i10]] and [[Kia Picanto#Second generation (TA; 2011)|Kia Picanto]]. The motor generates power of {{cvt|69|PS|kW|order=flip}} at 6,200 rpm and peak torque at {{cvt|9.6|kgm|Nm|order=flip}} at 3,500 rpm.<ref name="NDTV"/><ref name="ibtimes"/><br />
<br />
In April 2017, Hyundai Asia Resources Incorporated (HARI) opened its Hyundai Assembly Center (HAC) in [[Santa Rosa, Laguna|Santa Rosa]] to meet the increasing demand of the Eon in the Philippines. The plant also produces the [[Hyundai H350]].<ref name="HARI"/><br />
<br />
===Facelift===<br />
As monthly sales had reached 10,000 units in India, Hyundai gave the car a facelift for the 2014 model year.<ref name="IndianAutoBlog" /><br />
<br />
2017 marked the introduction of the Eon 'Sports Edition'. The 0.8 L limited edition model added more equipment and styling enhancements over the Era+ and Magna+ variants that it is based on. Sold only in Polar White, exterior enhancements include side body moldings and roof rails, while the interior gains a {{cvt|6.2|in|mm|disp=flip}} touchscreen infotainment system with Phone-Link.<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-04-11|title=Hyundai Eon with touchscreen AVN launched in India|url=https://indianautosblog.com/2017/04/hyundai-eon-sports-edition-touchscreen-263565|access-date=2017-05-08|publisher=Indian Auto Blog}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Engine==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Models<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1400139928479.pdf |title=Hyundai Eon Brochure |publisher=Hyundai |location=India |access-date=2014-08-20 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>!! Displacement (engine model) !! Power !! Torque !![[Automotive Research Association of India|ARAI]] Mileage<br />
|-<br />
|0.8 L||{{convert|814|cc|cuin||abbr=on}} I3 ([[Hyundai Epsilon engine#G3HA|G3HG]]) ||{{convert|56|PS|kW||abbr=on}}@5500 rpm ||{{convert|7.6|kgm|Nm||abbr=on|order=flip}} @ 4,000 rpm ||{{convert|21.1|km/L|mpgus||abbr=on}}<br />
|-<br />
|1.0 L||{{convert|998|cc|cuin||abbr=on}} I3 ([[Hyundai Kappa engine#Kappa II|Kappa II]]) ||{{convert|69|PS|kW||abbr=on}}@6200 rpm ||{{convert|9.6|kgm|Nm||abbr=on|order=flip}} @ 3,500 rpm ||{{convert|20.3|km/L|mpgus||abbr=on}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Safety==<br />
[[File:Hyundai Eon Interior.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]<br />
Models available in the Philippines (before 2016 MY) are sold with airbags on the top-spec GLS variant but not on the GLX (starting 2016 MY) and GL variant. However, in the Indian market, a driver's side airbag is standard on Sportz and Magna+ (1.0 L) variants, and optional on Era+ and Magna+ (0.8 L) models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1491570827212.pdf |title=Hyundai Eon Brochure |publisher=Hyundai India |access-date=2017-05-07 |archive-date=2017-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517034128/http://www.hyundai.com/wcm/upload_wwn/IN/ebrochure/2012_EON_ebrochure_1491570827212.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
In 2016, tests conducted by [[Global NCAP]] 1.0 awarded the Eon for India (without airbag and with no [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]]) with a 0-star rating (based on [[Latin NCAP]] 2013). Many entry-level competitors sold in the Indian market also achieved this rating. Driver protection was rated as poor and front passenger protection was rated marginal (albeit with possible danger of knee impact).<ref name="Global NCAP">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalncap.org/zero-stars-for-all-cars-in-latest-global-ncap-crash-tests/ |title=Zero Stars For All Cars In Latest Global NCAP Crash Tests |publisher=Global NCAP |date=2016-05-17 |access-date=2018-03-29 |archive-date=2018-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330044741/http://www.globalncap.org/zero-stars-for-all-cars-in-latest-global-ncap-crash-tests/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalncap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-Hyundai-Eon-NO-Airbags.pdf|title=Hyundai Eon - Crash Test|publisher=Global NCAP|access-date=2017-05-07|archive-date=2016-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527211611/http://www.globalncap.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2016-Hyundai-Eon-NO-Airbags.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Global NCAP<br />
|year=2016<br />
|region=India<br />
|description=Hyundai Eon – No Airbags<br />
|reference_code=Hyundai-Eon-NO-Airbags.pdf<br />
|adult_stars=0<br />
|adult_points=0.00<br />
|child_stars=2<br />
|child_points=20.42<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{ASEAN NCAP<br />
|year=2015<br />
|description=Hyundai Eon<br />
|reference_code=3743<br />
|adult_points=0.00<br />
|adult_stars=0<br />
|child_percent=27<br />
|child_stars=1<br />
|safety_points=NA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Discontinuation==<br />
In August 2018, Hyundai Motor India Pvt. Ltd announced that the Eon will be discontinued by the end of September 2019, as the car is not compliant with new safety regulations that will be implemented in October 2019 and the [[Bharat Stage emission standards|Bharat Stage VI]] emissions regulations that will be enforced in April 2020. Its replacement, the third generation Santro, had been released before the festive season of 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.livemint.com/Auto/ylqz4G5nrMyy8nLDpWuHtI/Endofthe-roadfor-Eon-as-Hyundai-readiesfor-newsafety-no.html |title=Hyundai to discontinue Eon, replace it with new small car by Diwali |author=Ghosh, Malyaban |newspaper=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=2018-08-01 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Hyundai Eon}}<br />
*{{Official website|https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/eon}}<br />
{{Hyundai Motor Company}}{{Hyundai timeline 1995–present}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyundai Eon}}<br />
[[Category:2010s cars]]<br />
[[Category:Cars introduced in 2011]]<br />
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2019]]<br />
[[Category:Cars of India]]<br />
[[Category:City cars]]<br />
[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]<br />
[[Category:Hyundai vehicles|Eon]]<br />
[[Category:Hyundai vehicles in India|Eon]]<br />
[[Category:Global NCAP superminis]]<br />
[[Category:Cars of the Philippines]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surinder_Kaur&diff=472009Surinder Kaur2026-03-28T08:06:13Z<p>DelmarTroiano: improved citations per sources to improve readability</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Folk singer from India (1929-2006)}}<br />
{{for|the India field hockey player|Surinder Kaur (field hockey)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br />
{{Infobox musical artist<br />
| name = Surinder Kaur<br />
| image = Surinder Kaur.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| background = solo_singer<br />
| birth_name = Surinder Kaur<br />
| alias = Nightingale of Punjab<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|11|25}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2006|06|14|1929|11|25}}<br />
| death_place = [[New Jersey]], U.S.<br />
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br />
| instrument = <br />
| genre = {{hlist|[[Folk music of Punjab|Folk]]|[[filmi]]}}<br />
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|[[Playback singing|playback artist]]}}<br />
| years_active = 1943–2006<br />
| label = <br />
| past_member_of = [[Parkash Kaur]] (sister), [[Dolly Guleria]] (daughter) Sunaini Sharma ( granddaughter) Rhea (great- granddaughter)<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Surinder Kaur''' (25 November 1929 – 14 June 2006) was an Indian singer and songwriter. While she mainly sang [[Folk music of Punjab|Punjabi folk songs]], where she is credited for pioneering and popularising the genre, Kaur also recorded songs as a playback singer for [[Hindi films]] between 1948 and 1952. For her contributions to Punjabi music, she earned the sobriquet '''Nightingale of Punjab''', the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] in 1984, and the [[Padma Shri]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary: Surinder Kaur |date=2006-07-10 |website=[[The Guardian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203123057/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.india |archive-date=2023-02-03 |url-status=live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/jul/11/guardianobituaries.india}}</ref><ref name=to/><ref name=la>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur's profile|date= 3 May 2024|url= http://www.last.fm/music/Surinder+Kaur|publisher= [[LastFM]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tributes paid to melody queen |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060626/cth1.htm#2 |date=26 June 2006|publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><br />
<br />
In a career spanning nearly six decades, her repertoire included Punjabi [[Sufi]] [[Kafi]]s of [[Bulleh Shah]] and verses by contemporary poets like [[Nand Lal Noorpuri]], [[Amrita Pritam]], Mohan Singh and [[Shiv Kumar Batalvi]] giving memorable songs like, "Maavan 'te dheean", "Jutti kasuri", "Madhaniyan", "Ehna akhiyan 'ch pavan kiven kajra', 'Ghaman di raat' and "[[Bajre da sitta (song)|Bajre da sitta]]". In time her wedding songs, most notably "Lathe di chadar", "Suhe ve cheere waleya" and "Kaala doria", have become an indelible part of the [[Punjabi culture]].<ref name=pu>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur leaves Delhi to settle in Punjab |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040424/edit.htm#7 |date= 24 April 2004|publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
Surinder Kaur was born on 25 November 1929 to a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] [[Sikh]] family in [[Lahore]], the capital of the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] in [[British India]].<ref name=to/> She was the sister of [[Parkash Kaur]] and Narinder Kaur and the mother of [[Dolly Guleria]], both noted Punjabi singers. She had three daughters, of which Dolly is the eldest.<ref name=Spectrum>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110612/spectrum/book5.htm |title=The Sunday Tribune– Books |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper |date=12 June 2011|access-date=18 Aug 2016}}</ref> She was influenced by Renu Rajan, a prominent figure in Punjabi folk music.<br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Surinder Kaur made her professional debut with a live performance on [[Radio Pakistan|Lahore Radio]] in August 1943,<ref name=to/> and the following year on 31 August 1943, she and her elder sister, [[Parkash Kaur]] cut their first duet, "''Maavan 'te dheean ral baithian''", for the [[Saregama|His Master's Voice]] label, emerging as superstars across the Indian subcontinent.<ref name=to/><ref name=pu/><ref name=Bhogal2017>{{cite journal |last1=Bhogal |first1=Gurminder Kaur |title=Listening to female voices in Sikh kirtan |journal=Sikh Formations |date=3 April 2017 |volume=13 |issue=1–2 |pages=48–77 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2016.1147183 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17448727.2016.1147183 |language=en |issn=1744-8727|url-access=subscription}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Kaur and her parents relocated to [[Ghaziabad, India|Ghaziabad]], [[Delhi]]. In 1948, she married Professor Joginder Singh Sodhi, a lecturer in Punjabi literature at Delhi University.<ref name=Spectrum/> Recognising her talent, Kaur's husband became very supportive of her, and soon she started a career as a playback singer in [[Hindi film industry]] in [[Bombay]], introduced by music director, [[Ghulam Haider (composer)|Ghulam Haider]]. Under him, she sang three songs in the 1948 film ''[[Shaheed (1948 film)|Shaheed]]'', Shagan (1951), and [[Singaar]], including ''Badnam Na Ho Jaye Mohabbat Ka Fasaana'', ''Aanaa Hai To Aajao'' and ''Taqdeer ki aandhi...hum kahaan aur thum kahaan''. However, her interest was in stage performances and reviving Punjabi folk songs, and she eventually moved back to Delhi in 1952.<ref name=pu/><br />
<br />
Her husband continued to guide her singing career. "He was the one who made me a star," she later recalled. "He chose all the lyrics I sang and we both collaborated on compositions." Together Kaur and Sodhi arranged for her to sing such Punjabi folk classics as ''Chan Kithe Guzari Aai Raat'', ''Lathe Di Chadar'', ''Shonkan Mele Di'', and ''Gori Diyan Jhanjran'' and ''Sarke-Sarke Jandiye Mutiare''. These songs were written by various well-known Punjabi poets but were made popular by the singer Surinder Kaur. The couple also served as the public face of the [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] ([[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]]), an arm of the Indian Communist party in Punjab, spreading messages of peace and love to the most remote villages of East Punjab. She also traveled to many parts of the world performing Punjabi folk songs, gaining rapid popularity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Prakash_Kaur_(left)_Deedar_Singh_Pardesi_&_Surinder_Kaur-Nairobi-1967.jpg|thumb|Prakash Kaur, Deedar Singh Pardesi and Surinder Kaur in Nairobi in 1967.]]<br />
<br />
In all, [https://dnd.com.pk/surinder-kaur-and-the-stories-of-punjabi-mothers/306826 Kaur recorded more than 2000 songs], including duets with [[Asa Singh Mastana]], [[Karnail Gill]], [[Harcharan Grewal]], [[Rangila Jatt]], and [[Didar Sandhu]].<br />
Although her life and collaboration with Sodhi was cut short upon the educator's death in 1976, she continued the family's creative tradition via duets with their daughter and other disciples. Her daughter, Rupinder Kaur Guleria, better known as [[Dolly Guleria]] and granddaughter Sunaini Sharma, culminating in the 1995 LP, 'Surinder Kaur – The Three Generations'<br />
list of some of the Punjabi and Hindi movies songs she sang in:<br />
* [[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]] (2008)<br />
* [[Chungking Express]] (1994)<br />
* [[Satluj De Kande]] (1964)<br />
* ''[[Aandhiyan (1952 film)|Aandhiyan]]'' (1952)<br />
* Buzdil (1951)<br />
* Badi Bahu or Bari Bahoo (1951)<br />
* Mutiyar (1951)<br />
* Sabak (1950)<br />
* Khamosh Sipahi (1950)<br />
* Balo (1950)<br />
* Madari (1950) <br />
* ''[[Singaar]]'' (1949)<br />
* ''[[Kaneez (1949 film)|Kaneez]]'' (1949)<br />
* Dada (1949)<br />
* Roop Lekha (1949)<br />
* Sunehre Din (1949)<br />
* Nao ( 1948 ) song “Ek Nazar Woh Yaad Hi”<br />
*[[Pyar Ki Jeet (1948 film)|Pyaar Ki Jeet]] (1948)<br />
* Patjhad (1948)<br />
* ''[[Lal Dupatta]]'' (1948)<br />
* ''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1948 film)|Nadiya Ke Par]]'' (1948)<br />
* ''[[Shaheed (1948 film)|Shaheed]]'' (1948)<br />
* Mehandi (1947) song- ''woh dekho chaand aayi'' sang with [[Munawar Sultana (singer)|Munawar Sultana]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Her mother's daughter |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98jul31/art-trib.htm#1 |date=31 July 1998 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><br />
<br />
==Awards and recognition==<br />
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Punjabi Folk Music in 1984, by the [[Sangeet Natak Academi]], India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Theatre,<ref>http://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/SNA-Awards.php, Sangeet Natak Academy website, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> <br />
* The ''Millennium Punjabi Singer award'',<ref name=tr>{{cite web |title=Surinder Kaur gets Padma Shri |url= http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060128/cth1.htm|date=28 January 2006 |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper}}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> <br />
* [[Padma Shri]] award in 2006 for her contribution in Arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Shri Official listings |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=190 |publisher=[[Govt. of India]] Portal }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref> <br />
* The [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] conferred on her a doctorate degree in the year 2002.<ref name=pu/><br />
<br />
==Illness and death==<br />
Towards the later part of her life, wanting to get close to her ''mitti'' (her soil), Surinder Kaur settled in [[Panchkula]] in 2004, with an aim to construct a house in [[Zirakpur]], near Chandigarh. Subsequently, on 22 December 2005, she suffered a heart attack and was admitted to General Hospital, Panchkula.<ref name=pu/> Later, however, she recovered and personally went to Delhi to receive the coveted [[Padma Shri]] Award in January 2006. It is another matter that she was painfully aware of the events that delayed the honour for so long, despite her unparalleled contribution to [[Punjabi music]]. But even when she received the award, she was regretful that the nomination for the same had come from [[Haryana]] and not [[Punjab, India]] for which she worked tirelessly for over five decades.<ref name=tr/><br />
<br />
In 2006, a prolonged illness prompted her to seek treatment in the United States. She died in a [[New Jersey]] hospital on 14 June 2006 at the age of 77.<ref name=to/> "She had been in coma for most part of her hospitalisation in the USA".<ref name=to/> She was survived by three daughters, the eldest, singer [[Dolly Guleria]] who lives in [[Panchkula]], followed by Nandini Singh and Pramodini Jaggi, both settled in New Jersey.<ref name=to>{{cite news |title=Punjab's Nightingale is no more|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060616/main2.htm |date=15 June 2006 |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712155224/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060616/main2.htm|archive-date=12 July 2007|access-date=7 February 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Upon her death, the Prime minister of India, [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]] described her as "the nightingale of Punjab", and "a legend in Punjabi folk music and popular music and a trend-setter in Punjabi melody." and added, "I hope that her immortal voice will motivate other artists to practice the right Punjabi folk music tradition".<br />
[[File:The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to Dr. (Smt.) Surinder Kaur, a Punjabi folk singer, at an Investiture Ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on March 29, 2006.jpg|thumb|The President, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting Padma Shri to Dr. (Smt.) Surinder Kaur, a Punjabi folk singer, at an Investiture Ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi on March 29, 2006]]<br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
A [[Doordarshan]] documentary titled, ''Punjab Di Koyal'' (Nightingale of Punjab), on the life and works of Surinder Kaur was released in 2006. It later won the Doordarshan National Award.<ref>{{cite web |title=DD's honourable men |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061122/jplus1.htm |date=22 November 2006 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] }}, Retrieved 18 Aug 2016</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Asa Singh Mastana]]<br />
*[[Kuldeep Manak]]<br />
*[[Dolly Guleria]]<br />
*[[List of Punjabi singers]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.last.fm/music/Surinder+Kaur Surinder Kaur Profile] at [[LastFM]], Retrieved 18 Aug 2016<br />
* [https://archive.today/20130124043627/http://www.folkpunjab.com/surinder-kaur/ Download Songs @ FolkPunjab.com], Retrieved 18 Aug 2016<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Surinder}}<br />
[[Category:1929 births]]<br />
[[Category:2006 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi Sikhs]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Lahore]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women folk singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]<br />
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]<br />
[[Category:Women musicians from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Delhi]]<br />
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antara_Mitra&diff=467493Antara Mitra2026-03-26T07:10:11Z<p>DelmarTroiano: corrected lead also</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian Playback singer (born 1987)}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{peacock|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{BLP sources|date=March 2026}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Antara Mitra<br />
| image = <br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_name = <!-- Birth name and stage name are same so no need to add it--><br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1987|07|10}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Antara Mitra Biography|url=http://www.hungama.com/artists/antara-mitra/14708|website=[[Hungama Digital Media Entertainment]]|access-date=23 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508190311/http://www.hungama.com/artists/antara-mitra/14708|archive-date=8 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Antara Mitra|url=http://www.sify.com/indianidol2/contestants/antara/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031071034/http://sify.com/indianidol2/contestants/antara/|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2007|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><br />
| birth_place = [[Maslandapur]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| alma_mater = [[Netaji Subhas Open University]], <br />
[[Berklee College of Music]] [[Massachusetts]]<ref name="dilwale1"/><br />
| partner = Saurya (2025–present)<br />
| awards = 2010 Mirchi Music Award - Female Vocalist of the Year for the song "Bheegi Si Bhaagi Si" <br />
2016 Best Film Award for her song "Gerua" for the film Dilwale.<br />
| module = {{Infobox musical artist<br />
| embed = yes<br />
| instruments = Vocals<br />
| genre = {{flatlist|*[[Filmi]], [[Hindustani classical music|Indian classical]]}}<br />
<br />
| years_active = 2006–present<br />
| occupation = Singer<br />
| website = <br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Antara Mitra''' (born 10 July 1987) is an Indian playback singer in [[Bollywood]].<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Antara Mitra was influenced early in her life by her aunt, who frequently sang on broadcasts of All India Radio. During childhood, Mitra trained in traditional Bengali folk music and studied [[Hindustani classical music]] for approximately ten years. In 2006, she chose not to sit for her medical entrance examination, instead moving to Mumbai to pursue a career in music. There, at the age of 18, she was selected as a contestant on the second season of [[Indian Idol]].<ref name="dilwale1">{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Deepali |date=2 December 2015 |title=The Gerua Girl: Antara Mitra |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-the-gerua-girl-antara-mitra-2150810 |access-date=5 July 2017 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]]}}</ref><br />
Mitra finished among the top five contestants on Indian Idol Season 2.<ref name="five"/><ref name="dilwale1"/> She later appeared as part of the Bollywood team of vocalists on the Indian television reality show Junoon – Kuchh Kar Dikhaane Ka.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/line-of-sight/entry/how-antara-mitra-went-from|title=How Antara Mitra went from Indian Idol to Rajneeti|work= The Times of India|date=13 June 2010|access-date=13 June 2011}}</ref><br />
Her song “Kishori” was later featured in a promotional doodle series associated with the dairy brand Amul, which incorporated imagery inspired by the long-running advertising mascot known as the Amul Girl.<ref>{{cite news |title=Antara Mitra's track Kishori featured in a dairy brand's doodle series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/antara-mitras-track-kishori-featured-in-a-dairy-brands-doodle-series/articleshow/116936924.cms |access-date=5 January 2025 |website=TOI |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Music career==<br />
She has sung in regional languages including [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Hariyanvi]] and [[Kannada]].<ref name="DNA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-the-gerua-girl-antara-mitra-2150810|title=The Gerua Girl: Antara Mitra|work=[[DNA India]]|author=Singh, Deepali|date=2 December 2015|access-date=15 April 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
In a 2010 interview with the Times of India, Mitra thanked Music Director [[Pritam]] for being the first to show faith in her skills, noting that he had composed nearly every film song featuring her vocals during that first decade. Mitra received positive reviews for her song "Bheegi Si Bhaagi Si," a duet with [[Mohit Chauhan]] from the Hindi film ''[[Raajneeti|Rajneeti]]''.<ref name="five"/><br />
<br />
As of 2026, she is signed to the music label TalentWala.<ref>[https://www.talentwala.in/]</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 July 2024 |title=Antara Mitra dazzles at Ambani wedding with captivating performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/antara-mitra-dazzles-at-ambani-wedding-with-captivating-performance/articleshow/111779448.cms |access-date=16 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Appearances==<br />
* ''[[Indian Idol 2 - Woh Pehli Baar|Woh Pehli Baar]]'' album—sang a group number and solo "Tu Rutha To."<br />
* TV appearances have included specials (and soap operas), including ''Navarati'', ''[[Thodi Khushi Thode Gham]]'', ''Music Masti Dhoom'', ''Kyunki'', ''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]]'', ''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]'', ''[[K for Kishore]]'' and auditioning contestants in Bhopal for ''[[Indian Idol 3]]''.<br />
* Recorded songs in Bengali (''Doshomi''), [[Haryanvi]] (''[[Tera Mera Vaada]]''), et al.<br />
* Sang the song "Ek Duje Ke" from the TV series [[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]].<br />
* Currently, Mitra is a judge on the [[Zee Bangla]] reality show, [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Bangla|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]] 2025.<br />
<br />
==Discography==<br />
===Film songs===<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
| style="background:#ffc;"| <br />
| Denotes films that have not yet been released<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- <br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Song<br />
! Music<br />
! Co-Singer(s)<br />
! Note<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2007<br />
| ''[[Speed (2007 film)|Speed]]''<br />
| "Loving You"<br />
| rowspan="12" |[[Pritam]]<br />
| [[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Jab We Met]]''<br />
| "Yeh Ishq Haye – Remix"<br />
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2009<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Life Partner]]''<br />
| "Kuke Kuke"<br />
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Aage Aage"<br />
| [[Mika Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[All the Best: Fun Begins]]''<br />
| "All The Best"<br />
| [[Soham Chakraborty (singer)|Soham Chakraborty]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="5"|2010<br />
| ''[[Toh Baat Pakki!]]''<br />
| "Om Jai Jagadish Hare"<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Raajneeti]]''<br />
| "Bheegi Si Bhaagi Si"<br />
| [[Mohit Chauhan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Hello Darling]]''<br />
| "Aa Jaane Jaan"<br />
| [[Javed Jaffrey]], [[Akriti Kakar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Action Replayy]]''<br />
| "Tera Mera Pyar"<br />
| [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| ''[[Golmaal 3]]''<br />
| "Ale"<br />
| [[Neeraj Shridhar]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2011<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji]]''<br />
| "Beshuba"<br />
| [[Kunal Ganjawala]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Yeh Dil Hai Nakhrewala (Film version)"<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| 2012<br />
| ''[[Ajab Gazabb Love]]''<br />
| "Sun Soniye"<br />
| [[Sajid–Wajid]]<br />
| [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="2"|2013<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[R... Rajkumar]]''<br />
| "Saree Ke Fall Sa"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Pritam]]<br />
| [[Nakash Aziz]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Kaddu Katega"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|2014<br />
|[[Yoddha: The Warrior]]<br />
|"Ebar Jeno Onno Rokom Pujo"<br />
|[[Indraadip Dasgupta]]<br />
|[[Nakash Aziz]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Bengali Film <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2015<br />
| ''[[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]''<br />
| "Eshona Monta Amar (Duet)"<br />
| [[Jeet Gannguli]]<br />
| [[Rishi Chanda]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[Dilwale (2015 film)|Dilwale]]''<br />
| "Gerua"<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Pritam]]<br />
| [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Manma Emotion Jaage"<br />
|[[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]], [[Anushka Manchanda]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Janam Janam" <br />
| [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="8"|2016<br />
| rowspan="3" |''[[1920 London]]''<br />
| "Gumnaam Hai Koi"<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[JAM8]]<br />
| [[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Aafreen"<br />
| [[K.K]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Aafreen (2nd version)"<br />
| [[Sreeram]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Mental (2016 film)|''Mental'']]<br />
| Premta Toder Nesha"<br />
|Riddhi<br />
|[[Rishi Chanda]]<br />
|Bangladeshi film<br />
|-<br />
| [[Azhar (film)|''Azhar'']]<br />
| "Itni Si Baat Hai"<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Pritam]]<br />
| [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |''[[Dishoom]]''<br />
| "Jaaneman Aah"<br />
|[[Aman Trikha]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| "Ishqa"<br />
|[[Abhijeet Sawant]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Haripad Bandwala]]''<br />
|"Shona"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Indraadip Dasgupta]]<br />
|[[Nakash Aziz]]<br />
|rowspan="2"|Bengali Film <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="4"|2017<br />
| ''[[Ami Je Ke Tomar]]''<br />
|"Eshe Gechi Kachakachi"<br />
| [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chowka]]''<br />
|"Turthinalli Geechida"<br />
|[[Sridhar V. Sambhram]]<br />
|[[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
| Kannada Film <br />
|-<br />
|''[[Munna Michael]]''<br />
|"Ding Dang"<br />
|[[Javed-Mohsin]]<br />
|[[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Rangbaz (2017 film)|''Rangbaz'']]<br />
|"Rimjhim"<br />
| [[Dabbu]]<br />
|[[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammed Irfan]]<br />
| Bengali Film <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"| 2018<br />
|''[[Namaste England]]''<br />
|"Dhoom Dhadaka"<br />
|[[Mannan Shaah]]<br />
|[[Shahid Mallya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''Villain''<br />
|"Shundori Komola"<br />
|[[JAM8]]<br />
|[[Armaan Malik]]<br />
| Bengali Film<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Bhaijaan Elo Re]]''<br />
|"[[Baby Jaan]]"<br />
|Dolaan Maainnakk<br />
|[[Nakash Aziz]]<br />
| Bangladeshi film<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="7"|2019<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[Kalank]]''<br />
|"Aira Gaira"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Pritam]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Javed Ali]], [[Tushar Joshi]], Akashdeep Sengupta<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Aira Gaira (Extended)"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Jaanbaaz]]''<br />
|"Tui Je Aamar"<br />
|Dev Sen<br />
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]<br />
| Bengali Film<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|''[[The Sky Is Pink]]''<br />
|"Dil Hi Toh Hai"<br />
| rowspan="3" |[[Pritam]]<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]], [[Nikhil D'Souza]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Dil Hi Toh Hai (2nd Version)"<br />
|[[Sreerama Chandra]], Nikhil D'Souza <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Chhichhore]]''<br />
|"Fikar Not"<br />
|[[Nakash Aziz]], [[Sreerama Chandra]], [[Amit Mishra]], [[Dev Negi]], [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''<br />
|"Ek Duje Ke"<br />
|Akashdeep Sengupta For [[JAM8]]<br />
|Akashdeep Sengupta<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2020<br />
|''[[Nabab LLB]]''<br />
|"Just Chill"<br />
|Dolaan Mainnakk<br />
|[[Supratip Bhattacharya]]<br />
| Bengali Film<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|''Love Aaj Kal'']]<br />
|"Mehrama"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Pritam]]<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Darshan Raval]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Meherama (Extended Version)"<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan="3"|2021<br />
|''[[Pagglait]]''<br />
|"Lamha"<br />
(Revisited)<br />
| colspan="2" |[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|[[Magic (2021 film)|''Magic'']]<br />
|"Mon Anmone"<br />
|[[Dabbu]]<br />
|Santanu Dey Sarkar<br />
|[[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Film]]<ref name="jiosaavn">{{cite web |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/magic/GRRKXDpC34k_|title=Magic – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=21 January 2021 |publisher=Jiosaavn}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|''Star Jalsha Parivaar Award''<br />
|"Star Jalsha Parivaar Award"(Theme Song) <br />
|[[Indradeep Dasgupta]]<br />
|Ishaan Mitra<br />
|Bengali Award Show<br />
|-<br />
|Rowspan="4"|2022<br />
|[[Raavan (2022 film)|''Raavan'']]<br />
|"Ami Tor"<br />
|[[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]<br />
|[[Javed Ali]]<br />
|[[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Film]]<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2| [[Brahmāstra (film)|''Brahmāstra'']]<br />
|"[[Kesariya (song)|Kesariya]] (Film Version)"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Pritam]]<br />
|[[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"[[Kesariya (song)|Kesariya]] (Dance Mix)"<br />
| Shashwat Singh, Arijit Singh<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Aay Khuku Aay]]''<br />
|"Ebhabeo Preme Pora Jaay"<br />
|Ranojay Bhattacharjee<br />
|<br />
|[[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Film]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="3" |2023<br />
|''[[The Great Indian Family]]''<br />
|"Sahibaa"<br />
|[[Pritam]]<br />
| [[Darshan Raval]]<br />
|-<br />
|[[Fatafati]]<br />
|Jani Okaron<br />
|Amit Chatterjee<br />
|Ishan Mitra<br />
|[[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Film]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani]]''<br />
|"Kudmayi (Female)"<br />
| rowspan="2" |[[Pritam]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="5" |2024<br />
|''[[Merry Christmas (2024 film)|Merry Christmas]]''<br />
|"Raat Akeli Thi"<br />
| [[Arijit Singh]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|5 No Swapnamay Lane<br />
|"5 No Swapnamay Lane Title Track"<br />
|Joy Sarkar<br />
|<br />
| rowspan="4" |Bengali film<br />
|-<br />
|Shastri <br />
|"Dhangkurakur Taak" <br />
|Ishan Mitra<br />
|Indraadip Dasgupta, Ishan Mitra<br />
|-<br />
|Hangamadotcom<br />
|Tor E Sathe <br />
|Savvy<br />
|[[Sonu Nigam]]<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Khadaan]]''<br />
|"Kishori"<br />
|colspan=2|Rathijit Bhattacharya<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|2025<br />
|''[[Sikandar (2025 film)|Sikandar]]''<br />
|"Bam Bam Bole"<br />
|rowspan=2|[[Pritam]]<br />
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Dev Negi]]<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Metro... In Dino]]''<br />
|"Ishq Ya Tharak"<br />
|[[Aditya Roy Kapur]], [[Shashwat Singh]], [[Nikhita Gandhi]]<br />
|Side B<br />
|-<br />
|''[[Sunny Sanskari Ki Tulsi Kumari]]''<br />
|"Ishq Manzoor"<br />
|[[Pritam|A.P.S]]<br />
|[[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]], [[Nakash Aziz]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Non-film songs===<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|- <br />
! Year<br />
! Song<br />
! Music<br />
! Co-Singer(s)<br />
! Note<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="10" |2024<br />
|"Dil Sajeya"<br />
|Neeru Mehta, Mriganka Bhattacharjya<br />
|<br />
| rowspan="4" |Hindi <br />
|-<br />
|"Dil Mera"<br />
|Sanjoy Deb, Kanika Kapoor<br />
|Vicky Sandhu, Kanika Kapoor<br />
|-<br />
|"Chup Chup Chup"<br />
|Mann<br />
|Sonu Nigam<br />
|-<br />
|"Mere to Girdhar Gopal"<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Rimjhim Rimjhim Brishtira"<br />
|Rangon<br />
|Abhay Jodhpurkar<br />
| rowspan="3" |Bengali <br />
|-<br />
|"Tor E Sathe"<br />
|Savvy<br />
|Sonu Nigam<br />
|-<br />
|"Khela Ghor Bhandhte Legechi"<br />
|Rahul Tiwari<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Cham Cham Karti Baarish"<br />
|Rangon <br />
|Abhay Jodhpurkar<br />
| rowspan="3" |Hindi <br />
|-<br />
|"Sab Kuch Mera"<br />
|Mann<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
|"Sab Kuch Mera"<br />
|Mann<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Awards==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! Year<br />
! Award<br />
! Category<br />
! Film<br />
! Song<br />
! class="unsortable"| Result<br />
! class="unsortable"| {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2"| 2010<br />
| [[3rd Mirchi Music Awards|Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year|Upcoming Female Vocalist of The Year]]<br />
| rowspan="2"| ''[[Raajneeti]]''<br />
| rowspan="2"| "Bheegi Si Bhaagi Si"<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130070949/http://www.radiomirchi.com/mma2010/hindi/nominees.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2011|title=Nominees – Mirchi Music Award Hindi 2010|date=30 January 2011|access-date=30 September 2018}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| [[2011 Zee Cine Awards|Zee Cine Awards]]<br />
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer – Female|Best Playback Singer – Female]]<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
| <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/zee-cine-awards-2011/dabangg-bags-maximum-nominations-for-zee-cine-awards-2011_79689.html|title='Dabangg' bags maximum nominations for Zee Cine Awards 2011|website=Zee News|date=14 January 2011|access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[GiMA Awards]]<br />
| [[Global Music Academy Awards for Best Film Song|Best Film Song]]<br />
| ''[[Dilwale (2016 film)|Dilwale]]''<br />
| "Gerua"<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2016<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]<br />
| [[Mirchi Music Awards|Best Female Vocalist]]<br />
| ''[[Dilwale (2016 film)|Dilwale]]''<br />
| "Gerua"<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2021<br />
| [[66th Filmfare Awards]]<br />
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br />
| ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''<br />
| "Mehrama"<br />
| {{nom}}<br />
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations For The 66th Vimal Elaichi Filmfare Awards 2021 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-66th-vimal-elaichi-filmfare-awards-2021_-47279.html |access-date=6 December 2024 |work=Filmfare |date=28 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2025<br />
| [[WBFJA Cinemar Somabarton 2025]]<br />
| [[WBFJA Cinemar Somabarton 2025|Best Female Singer]]<br />
|''[[Khadan (2025 film)|Khadan]]''<br />
| "Kishori"<br />
| {{Won}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|3330077}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Antara}}<br />
[[Category:1987 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Idol participants]]<br />
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br />
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]<br />
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:People from Barasat Sadar subdivision]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravana&diff=459384Ravana2026-03-20T14:12:05Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added section also and cleaned formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Primary antagonist in the Hindu epic Ramayana}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br />
{{Redirect-several|Ravan}}<br />
{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Hindu<br />
| image = Ravana.jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = Illustration depicting Ravana, circa 1920<br />
| successor = [[Vibhishana]] (King of Lanka)<br />
| predecessor = [[Kubera]] (King of Lanka)<br />
| siblings = {{bulleted list|[[Kumbhakarna]] (younger brother)|[[Vibhishana]] (younger brother)|[[Shurpanakha]] (younger sister)}}<br />
| father = [[Vishrava]]<br />
| mother = [[Kaikasi]]<br />
| spouse = {{bulleted list||[[Mandodari]] (chief-queen)|[[Dhanyamalini]] and a thousand junior wives<ref name = "thousand_wives" />}}<br />
| children = {{hlist|[[Meghanada]]|[[Atikaya]]|[[Akshayakumara]]|[[Narantaka-Devantaka|Narantaka]]| [[Narantaka-Devantaka|Devantaka]]||[[Trishira]]|[[Prahasta]] (sons)}}<br />
| abode = [[Lanka]]<br />
| mount = [[Pushpaka Vimana]]<br />
| affiliation = [[Shaivism]], [[Lanka]], [[Rakshasa]]<br />
| texts = [[Ramayana]] and [[Ramayana versions|its versions]]<br />
| Devanagari = रावण<br />
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Rāvaṇa<br />
<!-- Infobox does not support the following parameter:| Tamil = ராவணன் -->}}<br />
{{Hinduism}}<br />
'''Ravana''' ({{langx|sa|रावण|Rāvaṇa|roaring}}) is the principal antagonist of the ancient [[Mahakavya|Hindu epic]] ''[[Ramayana]]'' and its several [[Ramayana versions|other versions]]. He is traditionally depicted as a ten-headed [[rakshasa]] (demon) king of [[Lanka]] (present-day [[Sri Lanka]]).<ref>{{cite book |author=Wheeler, James Talboys |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzAQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA281 |title=The History of India from the Earliest Ages |publisher=N.&nbsp;Trubner & Co. |year=1869 |volume=II The Rámáyana and the Vedic period |page=281}}</ref><ref name="Brown">{{cite book |author=Brown, Nathan Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lR_UXIkBfgC&q=ravana+rakshasa&pg=PT43 |title=The Mythology of Supernatural: The signs and symbols behind the popular TV show |date=2 August 2011 |publisher=Berkley Boulevard books, Newwork |isbn=9781101517529 |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="Henry_p.3">Justin W. Henry, ''Ravana's Kingdom: The Ramayana and Sri Lankan History from Below'', Oxford University Press, p.3</ref> In the ''Ramayana'', Ravana is described as the eldest son of sage [[Vishrava]] and [[Kaikesi|Kaikasi]]. He abducted [[Rama]]'s wife, [[Sita]], and took her to his kingdom of [[Lanka]], where he held her in the [[Ashok Vatika|Ashoka Vatika]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunderkand explanation |website=sunderkandsatsangsamuh.org |url=http://www.sunderkandsatsangsamuh.org/Sunderkand_Explanation.pdf |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718071828/http://www.sunderkandsatsangsamuh.org/Sunderkand_Explanation.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rama, with the support of [[vanara]] King [[Sugriva]] and his army of vanaras, launched a rescue operation for Sita against Ravana in Lanka. Ravana was subsequently slain, and Rama rescued his beloved wife Sita.<ref>{{cite web |author=Das, Subhamoy |title=The Ramayana |quote=Summary by Stephen Knapp |website=Learn Religions |url=https://www.learnreligions.com/the-ramayana-summary-by-stephen-knapp-4092441 |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ravana |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ravana |access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana was well-versed in the six [[shastra]]s and the four [[Vedas]], including the [[Shiva Tandava Stotra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Vālmīki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aWFEAQAAQBAJ&q=ramayan+ramesh+menon |title=The Ramayana: A Modern Retelling of the Great Indian Epic |last2=Menon |first2=Ramesh |date=2004-05-26 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-86547-695-0 |language=en}}</ref> Ravana is also considered to be the most revered devotee of [[Shiva]]. Images of Ravana are often seen associated with Shiva at temples. He also appears in the Buddhist [[Mahayana]] text [[Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra]], in Buddhist [[Jataka tales|Jatakas]], as well as in [[Rama in Jainism|Jain Ramayanas]]. In [[Hindu scriptures|Vaishnava scriptures]], he is depicted as one of [[Vishnu]]'s cursed doorkeepers.<ref name=Pankaj-2019-07-31-Stsmn/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
[[File:Ravana British Museum.jpg|left|thumb|Statue of Ravana, South India, 18th century CE, [[British Museum]]]]<br />
The word Rāvaṇa ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: रावण) means "Roaring" (active), the opposite of [[Vaiśravaṇa]] which means to "hear distinctly" (passive).<ref name="Aiyangar Narayan 1909 p.413">Aiyangar Narayan (1909) "Essays On Indo-Aryan Mythology-Vol.", p.413</ref><ref name="sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw1026-vaivarNika.jpg |title=Cologne Scan |website=sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref> Both Ravana and Vaiśravaṇa, who is commonly known as [[Kubera]], are considered to be [[patronymic]]s derived from "sons of [[Vishrava]]".<ref name="Aiyangar Narayan 1909 p.413"/><ref name="sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Ayodhyākāṇḍa |date=25 April 2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=9788120831636 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJGRP-otpdIC&pg=PA530 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hopkins |first=Edward Washburn |author-link=Edward Washburn Hopkins |year=1915 |title=Epic Mythology |place=Strassburg, DE |publisher=K.J. Trübner |page = 142 |url=https://archive.org/stream/epicmythology00hopkuoft#page/n147/mode/2up/search/Kubera}}</ref><br />
<br />
Dashānana was a title later taken on by Ravana, and it means "the one with ten (dasha) Heads (anana)". Further, roravana is Sanskrit for "loud roaring." In Abhinava Gupta's Krama Shaiva scripture, yāsām rāvanam is used as an expression to mean people who are truly aware of the materialism of their environment.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
Ravana is also known by several other names including Dasis Ravana, Dasis Sakvithi Maha Ravana, Dashaanan, Ravula, Lankapati, Lankeshwara, Ravanasura and Ravanaeshwara.<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Names of Ravana |work=LifeStalker |date=6 October 2014 |url=http://www.lifestalker.com/2014/10/the-10-names-of-ravana.html |access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Iconography ==<br />
Ravana is depicted and described as having ten heads, although he is sometimes shown with only nine heads since he cut one off to convince Shiva.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 October 2015 |title=When Ravana tore his head and a hand to apologize to Lord Shiva |url=https://www.mensxp.com/special-features/today/28124-when-ravana-tore-his-head-and-a-hand-to-apologize-to-lord-shiva.html |access-date=5 May 2022|work=Mensxp}}</ref> He is described as a devout follower of Shiva, a great scholar, a capable ruler, and a maestro of the [[Veena]]. Ravana is also depicted as the author of the ''Ravana Samhita'', a book on [[Hindu astrology]], and the ''Arka Prakasham'', a book on [[Siddha medicine]] and treatment. Ravana possessed a thorough knowledge of [[Siddha]] and [[political science]]. In some later versions, he is said to have possessed the nectar of immortality, which was stored inside his belly thanks to a celestial boon from [[Brahma]]. In the War with Lord Rama, Ravana was killed by a powerful Brahma's weapon shot by Rama which was gifted to Rama by Sage Agstya.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ramayana |author=[[Valmiki]]}} {{cite book |title=[[Ramcharitmanas]] |author=[[Tulsidas]] |editor1=Vibhishana, Lanka Kanda |editor2=Samvaad, Rama }}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
<br />
== Biography ==<br />
=== Birth ===<br />
[[File:Ravi Varma-Ravana Sita Jathayu.jpg|thumb|Painting depicting Ravana cutting off [[Jatayu]]'s wing while abducting [[Sita]], by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]]]<br />
<br />
Ravana was born to the [[Brahmin]] sage [[Vishrava]] and the [[Daitya]] princess [[Kaikesi|Kaikasi]] in [[Treta Yuga]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VoXEQAAQBAJ&dq=vishrava+brahmin&pg=PT19 | title=The Brahmin | isbn=978-93-5776-137-6 | last1=Etteth | first1=Ravi Shankar | date=4 March 2024 | publisher=Westland }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shastri |first1=Jagdish Lal |last2=Kunst |first2=Arnold |title=Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology: Brahma Purāṇa |date=1986 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0271-1 |page=164 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Ancient_Indian_Tradition_Mythology_Brahm/MeJjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Daitya+Kaikesi&dq=Daitya+Kaikesi&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Villagers from [[Bisrakh]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] claim that Bisrakh was named after Vishrava, and that Ravana was born there.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dutta, Prabhash K. |date=10 October 2016 |title=Did you know? Ravana was born in Greater Noida West |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ravana-greater-noida-demon-king-delhi-ncr-bishrakh-dussehra-345906-2016-10-10 |access-date=2 July 2020 |lang=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana's paternal grandfather, the sage [[Pulastya]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajarajan|first=R.K.K.|year=2018|title=Woven Threads of the Rāmāyaṇa The Early Āḻvārs on Brahmā and Rāvaṇa|url=https://www.academia.edu/37599459|journal=Romanian Journal of Indian Studies|volume=2|pages=9–45}}</ref> was one of the ten [[Prajapati]]s, or mind-born sons of [[Brahma]], and one of the [[Saptarishi]] (seven great sages) in the first [[Manvantara]] (age of [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]). His maternal grandfather was [[Sumali]] (or Sumalaya), the king of the Rakshasas and the son of Sukesha. Sumali had ten sons and four daughters. Sumali wished for Kaikasi to marry the most powerful being in the mortal world, so as to produce an exceptional heir. He rejected the kings of the world, as they were less powerful than him. Kaikasi searched among the sages and finally chose Vishrava, the father of Kubera. Ravana and his siblings were born to the couple and they completed their education from their father, with Ravana being a great scholar of the Vedas.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
=== Boon from Brahma ===<br />
Ravana and his two brothers, [[Kumbhakarna]] and [[Vibhishana]], performed penance on Mount Gokarna for 10,000 years and won boons from Brahma. Ravana was blessed with a boon that would make him invincible to all the creations of Brahma, except for humans.<ref>{{cite web |last=Manglik |first=Reshu |date=29 September 2017 |title=Happy Dussehra 2017: 11&nbsp;important facts to know about Ravana, primary antagonist of epic Ramayana |work=India TV |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/lifestyle/books-culture-dussehra-2017-king-ravana-important-facts-from-ramayana-403950 |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref> He also received weapons, a chariot, as well as the ability to shapeshift from Brahma.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} According to the ''Ramayana'', demigods approached Brahma since Ravana was causing harm on Earth. Lord Vishnu appeared and gave blessings that Rama would incarnate as a human and kill Ravana since his invincibility boon did not include humans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosen |first=Steven |title=Essential Hinduism |date=2006 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=0-275-99006-0 |location=Westport, Conn. |pages=68–69 |oclc=70775665}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Devotee of Shiva ===<br />
{{See also|Ravananugraha}}<br />
[[File:RavanKailashAndolan.jpg|left|thumb|Ravananugraha theme]]<br />
<br />
One of the most popular images of Shiva is called "Ravananugraha", which was popular in the [[Gupta era]]. It depicts Ravana beneath [[Mount Kailash]] playing a veena made out of his head and hands, and strings made out of his tendons, while Shiva and Parvati sit on top of the mountain.<ref name="kala">Kala pp. 38–42</ref>{{full citation needed|date=July 2022|reason=no such ref "Kala"}} According to scriptures, Ravana once tried to lift Mount Kailash, but Shiva pushed the mountain into place and trapped Ravana beneath it. For a thousand years, the imprisoned Ravana sang [[Shiva Tandava Stotra]], a hymn in praise of Shiva, who finally blessed him and granted him an invincible sword and a powerful [[linga]] (Shiva's iconic symbol, Atmalinga) to worship. But this incident has little to no evidence in Valmiki Ramayana.<ref name="kala"/><ref>{{cite web |author=Rathore, Vinod |title=Know the unique story of Ravana's devotion to Shiva |website=News Track |url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/ravan-shiv-bhakti-ravan-and-shiv-katha-hindi-me-sc91-nu612-ta272-1103191-1.html |access-date=14 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{clear left}}<br />
<br />
=== Family ===<br />
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Reliëf op de aan Brahma gewijde tempel op de Candi Lara Jonggrang oftewel het Prambanan tempelcomplex TMnr 10016175.jpg|thumb|Queen [[Mandodari]] and the women of Lanka mourning the death of Ravana. Bas-relief of 9th century from [[Prambanan]] Temple, Java, Indonesia]]<br />
<br />
Ravana's parents were the sage [[Vishrava]] (son of [[Pulastya]]) and [[List of characters in Ramayana#Kaikashi|Kaikesi]] (daughter of [[Sumali]] and [[Ketumati (Ramayana)|Ketumati]]). Ravana had seventeen maternal uncles and three maternal aunts. [[List of characters in Ramayana#Dhumraksha|Dhumraksha]], [[Prahastha]], [[Akampana]], [[Vajramushti]], [[Suparshwa]] and [[Virupaksha]], a few of his maternal uncles, were generals in the Lanka army. The other grandsons of Sumali, through his other daughters, namely [[List of characters in Ramayana#K|Khara]], [[Dushana]], [[Mahodara]], and [[Mahaparshwa]] were equally powerful lieutenants in Ravana’s army, and given the first two were responsible to govern the territories of Janasthana. [[Kaikesi]]'s father, [[Sumali]] and uncle, [[Malyavan]] were instrumental in making Ravana the king of Lanka by advising him to receive boons from Brahma, defeat Kubera, and establish [[rakshasa]] rule in the [[Trailokya|three worlds]].<ref name="Mittal-2006-p200">{{cite book |last=Mittal |first=J.P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC&pg=PA200 |title=History of Ancient India (a new version: From 7300&nbsp;BC to 4250&nbsp;BC |date=2006 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0615-4 |page=200 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana's granduncle was [[Malyavan]], who opposed the war with Rama and Lakshmana. He also had another granduncle named Mali who was killed by [[Vishnu]].<ref name="Mittal-2006-p200" /><br />
<br />
According to ''[[Sundara Kanda]]'' of ''Valmiki Ramayana'', Ravana had over a thousand wives, with [[Mandodari]], the daughter of the celestial architect [[Mayasura|Maya]], being his chief queen.<ref name = "thousand_wives">{{Cite book |last=Kant |first=Anjani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-5nkRZXjPMC&dq=ravana+thousand+wives&pg=PA45 |title=Women and the Law |date=2008 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-456-5 |language=en}}</ref> His sons were [[Indrajit|Meghanada]], [[Atikaya]], [[Akshayakumara]], [[Narantaka]], [[Devantaka]] and [[Trishira]].<br />
<br />
=== Priestly ministers ===<br />
In some accounts, Ravana is said to have had [[Shukracharya]], the priest of the Asuras, as his minister, and in other accounts, [[Brihaspati]], the priest of the Devas.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
One account narrates how Ravana ordered Brihaspati to recite the Chandi stava (mantras of Chandi), more specifically the Devi Mahatmya, in order to stave off defeat. According to the Krttivasa text, Ravana arranged for a peaceful [[yajna]], and invited Brihaspati to start the recitation of Chandi.<ref>{{cite book |first=Shanti Lal |last=Nagar |title=Genesis and Evolution of the Rāma Kathā in Indian Art, Thought, Literature, and Culture: From the earliest period to modern times |volume=2}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=July 2022|reason=publisher, date, page}}<br />
[[File:Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana.jpg|Ravana in [[Sanskrit]] drama of [[Kerala]], India- [[Kutiyattam]]. Artist: Guru ''Nātyāchārya'' [[Māni Mādhava Chākyār]]<ref>{{cite book | author = Chākyār, Māni Mādhava | author-link = Māni Mādhava Chākyār | year = 1996 | title = Nātyakalpadrumam | title-link = Nātyakalpadrumam | place = New Delhi, IN | publisher = Sangeet Natak Akademi | page = 6}}</ref>|thumb|right]]<br />
<br />
== Other legends ==<br />
=== Vishnu's cursed doorkeeper ===<br />
In the [[Bhagavata Purana]], Ravana and his brother [[Kumbhakarna]] are said to be reincarnations of [[Jaya-Vijaya|Jaya and Vijaya]], gatekeepers at [[Vaikuntha]] (the abode of [[Vishnu]]), and were cursed to be born on Earth for their insolence.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Ninan |first=M.M. |date=2008-06-23 |df=dmy-all |title=The Development of Hinduism |publisher=Madathil Mammen Ninan |isbn=978-1-4382-2820-4 |pages=241 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8RTZcjg9awC&dq=Ravana+Kumbhakarna+cursed+born+on+earth&pg=PA241}}</ref><br />
<br />
These gatekeepers refused entry to the [[Catursana|Sanatha Kumara]] monks who, because of their powers and austerity, appeared as young children. For their insolence, the monks cursed them to be expelled from [[Vaikuntha]] and to be born on Earth.<ref name="Pankaj-2019-07-31-Stsmn" /><ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
Vishnu agreed that they should be punished and gave them two options. First, that they could be born seven times as normal mortals and devotees of Vishnu, or be born three times as strong and powerful beings, but as enemies of Vishnu. Eager to be back with the Lord, they chose the latter option. The curse of the first birth was fulfilled by [[Hiranyakashipu]] and his brother [[Hiranyaksha]] in [[Satya Yuga]], when they were both vanquished by earlier avatars of Vishnu (Hiranyaksha by [[Varaha]], and Hiranyakashipu by [[Narasimha]]). Ravana and his brother Kumbhakarna were born to fulfill the curse in their second birth as enemies of Vishnu in [[Treta Yuga]]. The curse of the third birth was fulfilled by [[Dantavakra]] and [[Shishupala]] in the [[Dvapara Yuga]], when they both were slain by [[Krishna]], the eighth avatar.<ref name=Pankaj-2019-07-31-Stsmn>{{cite news |author=Pankaj, Bhavana |date=31 July 2019 |title=Where Ravana is Vishnu's true Bhakta |newspaper=The Statesman |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/religion/ravana-vishnus-true-bhakta-1502783704.html |access-date=1 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Other conflicts ===<br />
<br />
Ravana had fought with the demons named [[Nivatakavacha]] along with his army for an entire year but was unable to kill them due to Brahma's boon. The war was stopped by Brahma and Ravana formed an alliance with them, he learnt several magical tricks or maya from those demons.<ref name="valmikiramayan.net">{{Cite web | title=Valmiki Ramayana | url=https://www.valmikiramayan.net/ | access-date=2025-08-05 | website=www.valmikiramayan.net}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana had defeated the vanara warriors namely Hanuman, Sugriva, Neela and even Rama's brother Lakshmana twice during his war with Rama.<ref name="valmikiramayan.net"/> As per the original six books of Valmiki Ramayana, only lord Rama the incarnation of Vishnu defeated Ravana and killed him after several days of single duel.<br />
<br />
He killed Anaranya, the king of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], although he cursed Ravana to be slain by Rama. <br />
<br />
Ravana had wrestled his brother [[Kubera]] and vanquished him for the [[Vimana|Pushpaka Vimana]].<br />
<br />
=== Immolation of Vedavati=== <br />
Ravana found [[Vedavati]] sitting in meditation as a ''[[Tapas (Indian religions)|tapasvini]]'' and was captivated by her beauty. He proposed his hand in marriage to her, and was rejected. Ravana, firmly rejected at every turn, grabbed her hair and tried assaulting her.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXCYDwAAQBAJ&dq=ravana+rape+Vedavati&pg=PA907 |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume VI: Yuddhakāṇḍa |date=2017-01-24 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-17398-6 |pages=907 |language=en}}</ref> The furious [[Vedavati]] cursed Ravana that she would be born once more, and would be the cause of his death.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Stuti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3oEEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vedavati+ravana&pg=PA42 |title=Magical Mythology |date=2020-11-10 |publisher=Sristhi Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-947908-6-0 |language=en}}</ref> She subsequently leapt into the ritual [[Homa (ritual)|havan]] that was present in her vicinity, immolating herself.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Stuti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3oEEAAAQBAJ&dq=Vedavati+havan&pg=PA42 |title=Magical Mythology |date=2020-11-10 |publisher=Sristhi Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-947908-6-0 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Rape of Rambha ===<br />
Ravana is regarded to have once caught sight of the [[apsara]] [[Rambha (apsara)|Rambha]] and was filled with lust. Even as the apsara resisted his advances by asserting that she was his daughter-in-law, he raped her. When she reported this to her husband, [[Nalakuvara]], he cursed Ravana to be unable to cause violence to any woman who did not consent to being with him, his head splitting into a number of pieces if he did so. This incident is stated to explain why Ravana could not force the abducted Sita to submit to his desire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iM_QAgAAQBAJ&dq=Ravana+rape+Rambha&pg=PA535 |title=On Hinduism |date=March 2014 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-936007-9 |pages=535 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Vālmīki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1g6fWIu-kAC&pg=PA393 |title=The Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki: An Epic of Ancient India. Araṇyakāṇḍa |date=2007 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |isbn=978-81-208-3164-3 |pages=393 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Worship and temples ==<br />
[[File:Phu Yak.jpg|thumb|Thotsakan (Ravana)'s sculpture as a guardian of [[Wat Phra Kaew]], [[Thailand]]]]<br />
<br />
=== Worship ===<br />
Ravana is worshipped as one of Shiva's most revered followers,<ref name="spectrum"/> and he is even worshipped in some Shiva temples.<ref name = "spectrum">{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071021/spectrum/society1.htm |title=Ravana has his temples, too |newspaper=The Sunday Tribune |department=Spectrum |date=21 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Vachaspati, S. |title=Ravana Brahma |year=2005 |publisher=Rudrakavi Sahitya Peetham, Gandhi Nagar |place=Tenali, India |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dave, Kamalesh Kumar |year=2008 |title=Dashanan |publisher=Akshaya Jyotish Anusandan Kendra |place=[[Jodhpur]], India |language=Hindi}}</ref><br />
<br />
King Shiv Shankar built a Ravana temple in [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The Ravana temple is open once a year, on the day of [[Vijayadashami|Dashera]], to perform puja for the welfare of Ravana.<ref>{{cite news |first=Faiz |last=Siddiqui |date=10 October 2016 |title=A temple where demon king has his day |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/A-temple-where-demon-king-has-his-day/articleshow/54772663.cms |access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana is also worshipped by Hindus of [[Bisrakh]], who claim their town to be his birthplace.<ref>{{cite news |title=Only the elderly come to mourn Ravana in 'birthplace' Bisrakh |date=4 October 2014 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/only-the-elderly-come-to-mourn-ravana-in-birthplace-bisrakh/ |access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Sachora Brahmins of Gujarat claim to be descendants of Ravana, and sometimes have "Ravan" as their surnames.<ref>{{cite book |title=People of India |volume=4: A–G |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=3061}}</ref><br />
<br />
Saraswat Brahmins from Mathura claim Ravana as a saraswat Brahmin as per his lineage.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mathura lawyer seeks ban on burning of Ravana effigies |date=26 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mathura-lawyer-seeks-ban-on-burning-of-ravana-effigies-4862479/}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Qureshi, Siraj |date=12 October 2016 |title=A Dussehra without burning Ravana: This Brahmin community in Agra wants an end to practice |magazine=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/raavan-vijay-dashmi-agra-saraswat-caste-brahmins-346178-2016-10-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Gondi people]] of central India claim to be descendants of Ravana, and have temples for him, his wife Mandodari, and their son Meghnad. They also state that Ravana was an ancient Gond king, the tenth ''dharmaguru'' of their tribe, and the eighteenth lingo (divine teacher). Annually on [[Dussehra]], the Gondis from the village of [[Paraswadi]] carry an image of Ravana riding on an elephant in a procession.<ref>{{cite news |author=Rashid, Omar |date=24 October 2015 |title=Celebrating Ravan |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/omar-rashid-on-ravan-worship/article7799972.ece}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Temples ===<br />
The following temples in India are for Ravana as a Shiva Bhakta.<br />
* Dashanan Temple, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh<ref name=IndiaTV-2016-10-11>{{cite news |title=Five temples of Ravana in India where demon king is worshipped |date=11 October 2016 |publisher=India TV |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-five-temples-of-ravana-in-india-where-demon-king-is-worshipped-351861}}</ref><br />
* Ravana Temple, Bisrakh, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh<ref name=IndiaTV-2016-10-11/><br />
* Kakinada Ravana Temple, Andhra Pradesh<ref name=IndiaTV-2016-10-11/><br />
* Ravangram Ravana Temple, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh<ref name=IndiaTV-2016-10-11/><br />
* Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh<ref name=IndiaTV-2016-10-11/><br />
* Mandore Ravan Temple, Jodhpur<ref name="Native Planet">{{cite web |title=Unique Ravana temples in India |date=27 April 2018 |website=Native Planet |department=Travel guide |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/unique-ravana-temples-in-india-001812.html}}</ref><br />
* Baijanath Temple, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh<ref name="Native Planet"/><br />
* Ravaleshwara temple- Malavalli, mandya district of Karnataka<br />
<br />
== Influence on culture and art ==<br />
[[File:Hanuman and Ravana in Tholu Bommalata, the shadow puppet tradition of Andhra Pradesh, India.JPG|thumb|Ravana with [[Hanuman]] in ''[[tholu bommalata]]'', a [[shadow puppet]] tradition of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India]]<br />
<br />
=== Ravana-Dahan (burning effigy of Ravana) ===<br />
[[File:Ravana_fizzles.jpg|thumb|An effigy of Ravana with burning sparklers on [[Dusshera]]. ''Dashehra Diwali Mela'' in Manchester, England, 2006]]<br />
<br />
Effigies of Ravana are burned on [[Vijayadashami]] in many places throughout India to symbolize Rama's triumph over evil.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dussehra 2018: What is the significance Of Ravana Dahan? |website=NDTV.com |department=Dehli news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/ravana-dahan-2018-what-is-the-significance-of-ravana-dahan-1934573 |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Ravanahatha ===<br />
According to mythology, the ''[[ravanahatha]]'', an ancient bowed [[string instrument]], was created by Ravana and is still used as a Rajasthani folk instrument.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sri Lankan revives Ravana's musical instrument |date=9 March 2008 |website=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]] |place=Sri Lanka |url=http://www.island.lk/2008/03/09/news11.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
== In other religions ==<br />
[[File:130 Ramakien Murals (9150183848).jpg|thumb|Mural painting depicting Thotsakan (Ravana) at [[Wat Phra Kaew]], [[Thailand]].]]<br />
In the Rin-spuns-pa Tibetan Ramayana, it is prophesied that Ravana will return as the Buddha incarnation of Vishnu in Kali Yuga.<br />
<br />
The Arunachal Pradesh Tai Khamti Ramayana (Phra Chow Lamang) shows Rama as a Bodhisattva who was reborn so Ravana could torture him.<br />
<br />
In the Laotian Buddhist text [[Phra Lak Phra Lam]], Rama is a Bodhisattva and the embodiment of virtues, while Ravana is a Brahmin ("''mahabrahma''") son of Virulaha who is highly materialistic.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
In the Cambodian Buddhist text [[Reamker|Preah Ream]], Buddha is an incarnation of Rama and Ravana is a rakshasa.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
In the Thai Buddhist text [[Ramakien]], Ravana is a rakshasa<ref>{{Cite book|title=Prachi Darshan|last=Vyas|first=Lallan Prasad|pages=98}}</ref> known as "Thotsakan" (ทศกัณฐ์, from Sanskrit दशकण्ठ, Daśakaṇṭha, "ten necks"), and is depicted with green skin.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<br />
<br />
In the [[Karandavyuha Sutra]], [[Yama]] asks if the visitor in hell (Avalokitesvara), whom he hasn't seen yet, is a god or a demon, and whether he is Vishnu, [[Maheśvara (Buddhism)|Mahesvara]], or the rakshasa Ravana.<br />
<br />
=== Jainism ===<br />
{{Further|Salakapurusa}}<br />
[[File:Jain Universal History Diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban 44.jpg|thumb|A diorama in Jain Museum of Madhuban depicting Ravana]]<br />
[[Jain]] accounts vary from the traditional Hindu accounts of the Ramayana. The incidents are placed at the time of the 20th [[Tirthankara]], [[Munisuvrata]]. In Jainism, both Rama and Ravana were devout Jains.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=S.R. |year=1940 |title=Jainism and Karnataka Culture |publisher=Karnatak Historical Research Society |location=Dharwar, IN |page=76 }}</ref> Ravana was a [[Vidyadhara]] king who had magical powers,<ref>{{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Roshen |year=2010 |title=Hinduism: An alphabetical guide |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] India |page=338 |isbn=9780143414216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC}}</ref> and Lakshmana, not Rama, was the one who ultimately killed Ravana.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ramanujan |first=A.K. |year=1991 |editor=Paula Richman |title=Many Rāmāyaṇas: The diversity of a narrative tradition in south Asia |page=35 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07589-4 |chapter=Three hundred Rāmāyaṇas: Five examples and Three thoughts on Translation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkifYfljHP4C}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Dravidian movement ===<br />
[[Pulavar Kuzhanthai]]'s Ravana Kaaviyam is a [[panegyric]] on Ravana that is made up of 3,100 poetic stanzas in which Ravana is the hero. The book was released in 1946, and was subsequently banned by India's [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] led government. The ban was later lifted in 1971.<ref>{{cite magazine |author=Pandian, M.S.S. |date=2 November 1998 |title=Ravana as antidote |magazine=Outlook India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/ravana-as-antidote/206446 |access-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116135407/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/ravana-as-antidote/206446 |archive-date=2018-01-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=Nalankilli, Thanjai |date=April 2006 |title=Censorship of Dravidian voices in Tamil Nadu (India) in 1948, 1949 |magazine=Tamil Tribune |url=http://www.tamiltribune.com/06/0401.html |url-status=dead <!-- presumed --> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108182839/http://www.tamiltribune.com/06/0401.html |archive-date=8 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sivapriyan |first=E.T.B. |title=Ram Temple: Tamilians praise Ravana on ''Twitter'' |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=5 August 2020 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ram-temple-tamilians-praise-ravana-on-twitter-869883.html |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref><br />
<br />
==In popular culture==<br />
Sri Lanka named its first satellite [[Raavana 1]] after Ravana.<ref>{{cite web |last=Yamunan |first=Sruthisagar |date=6 July 2019 |title=Why Sri Lanka named its first-ever satellite after Ravana |website=Scroll.in |url=https://scroll.in/article/929015/why-sri-lanka-named-its-first-ever-satellite-after-ravana |access-date=2 July 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ravana appears as the primary antagonist in [[Ramayana#In modern popular culture|films and television series based on the ''Ramayana'']]. Movies like ''Bhakta Ravana'' (1938) and its [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ([[Bhookailas (1940 film)|1940]] and [[Bhookailas (1958 film)|1958]]) and [[Kannada]] ([[Bhookailasa (film)|1958]]) adaptations as well as television series ''[[Raavan (TV series)|Raavan]]'' (2006-2008)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/nov/nov192.htm|title=Zee TV enters new genre with 'Ravan' on Saturdays at 9|work=Indiantelevision.com|date=16 November 2006}}</ref> are focused on the tale on Ravana. The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]'' (2010) and its [[Hindi]] counterpart ''[[Raavan (2010 film)|Raavan]]'' (2010) narrate the epic from Ravana's perspective in a modern setting.<br />
<br />
Author [[Anand Neelakantan]] published the novel ''[[Asura: Tale of the Vanquished]]'' in 2012, in which the character Ravana is depicted as a human-like figure.<br />
<br />
Author [[Amish Tripathi]]'s 2019 novel ''[[Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta]]'' chronicles the life of Ravana until the time he kidnaps [[Sita]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/amish-tripathi-s-raavan-enemy-of-aryavarta-hits-stands-119070200545_1.html|title=Amish Tripathi's 'Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta' hits stands|work=Business Standard|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=4 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/amish-tripathis-raavan-enemy-of-aryavarta-to-release-in-july/articleshow/69230605.cms|title=Amish Tripathi's 'Raavan- Enemy of Aryavarta' to release in July|work=The Times of India|date=8 May 2019|accessdate=4 July 2019}}</ref> It is the third book in Tripathi's Ram Chandra Series.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/excerpt-raavan-enemy-of-aryavarta-by-amish/story-xCkBcVXzW7hEniZaQvETxH.html|title=Excerpt: Raavan; Enemy of Aryavarta by Amish|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 June 2019|accessdate=4 July 2019}}</ref><br />
<br />
Hardeep Singh portrayed him in the 2024 Hindi film ''[[Singham Again]]''.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* {{anl|Asura}}<br />
* {{anl|Bull Demon King}}<br />
* {{anl|Daitya}}<br />
* {{anl|Danava (Hinduism)}}<br />
* {{anl|Keibu Keioiba}}<br />
* {{anl|Rakshasa}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|25em}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
<br />
* {{cite book |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |author-link=Wendy Doniger |year=1993 |title=Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and transformation in Hindu and Jaina texts |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |isbn=9780791413814 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kZFzHCuiFAC |via=Google Books}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Udayakumar |first=S.P. |year=2005 |title=Presenting the Past: Anxious history and ancient future in Hindutva India |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group}}<br />
<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Rāvaṇa}}<br />
{{Wikiquote}}<br />
<br />
* {{cite web |title=Rawana the Historical King of Heladiwa |website=Ramayana Research |url=http://www.ramayanaresearch.com/rawana.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708195310/http://www.ramayanaresearch.com/rawana.html |archive-date=2013-07-08}}<br />
<br />
{{S-start}}<br />
{{Succession box<br />
|title=Emperor of Lanka<br />
|before=[[Kubera]]<br />
|years=<br />
|after=[[Vibhisana]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{S-end}}<br />
{{Ramayana}}<br />
{{Portal bar|Hinduism|India|Religion|Sri Lanka|}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Brahmins]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]]<br />
[[Category:Danavas]]<br />
[[Category:Demons in Hinduism]]<br />
[[Category:Evil gods]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu gods]]<br />
[[Category:Legendary monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Rakshasa in the Ramayana]]<br />
[[Category:Salakapurusa]]<br />
[[Category:Legendary creatures with supernumerary body parts]]<br />
[[Category:Sinhalese Buddhist deities]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=GIFT_One_Tower&diff=499510GIFT One Tower2026-03-16T05:20:25Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made a data more to come</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Commercial Skyscraper in India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}<br />
<br />
{{Infobox building<br />
| name = GIFT One<br />
| image = GIFT One Tower.svg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = GIFT One Tower<br />
| location = GIFT City Road, [[GIFT City]], [[India]]<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|23|9|52.99|N|72|40|48.58|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| status = {{Color|green|Completed}}<br />
| construction_start_date = <br />
| completion_date = 2013<br />
| opening_date = January 10, 2013<br />
| architect = [[HOK (firm)|HOK]]<br />
| owner = Gujarat Urban Development Company Limited<br/>[[Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services]]<br />
| floor_area = {{convert|30000|m2|abbr=on}}<br />
| top_floor = {{convert|122|m|ft|1}}<br />
| floor_count = 28<br />
| building_type = Residential, Commercial (Hotel)<br />
| roof = <br />
| elevator_count = 14<br />
| structural_engineer = <br />
| main_contractor = <br />
| material = [[Glass]]/[[Concrete]]<br />
| grounds_area = <br />
| developer = <br />
| website = <br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''GIFT ONE Tower''' is a 122-meter-tall, 29-story office building located in the heart of [[GIFT City]]. It is one of the tallest buildings in [[Gujarat]] and features a modern glass facade and facilities for businesses and offices.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GIFT One - The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/gift-one/35837 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321141102/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/gift-one/35837 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Emporis |title=GIFT One |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/gift-one/35837 |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321141102/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/gift-one/35837 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was inaugurated by [[Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] in July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalpesh Damor |date=2013-01-29 |title=Modi inaugurates tallest tower in Gujarat |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/modi-inaugurates-tallest-tower-in-gujarat-113011000214_1.html |website=www.business-standard.com |access-date=13 October 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412065129/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/modi-inaugurates-tallest-tower-in-gujarat-113011000214_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-10 |title=Narendra Modi inaugurates state's tallest building at GIFT city |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-inaugurates-states-tallest-building-at-gift-city/articleshow/17968457.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-24 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624122637/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-inaugurates-states-tallest-building-at-gift-city/articleshow/17968457.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160px"><br />
File:Tallest Building in Gujarat Gift One.jpg|GIFT One Tower being constructed<br />
File:GIFT One & Two Tower.svg|GIFT One & Two Tower<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gift+One+Tower,+Gujarat+International+Finance+Tec-City,+Gandhinagar,+Gujarat+382355/@23.1644923,72.6801305,13z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x395e80272c274db1:0x47025c3b93604af0!8m2!3d23.1644923!4d72.6801305!16s%2Fg%2F11ddwhr4y2}}<br />
* {{Osmway|386478178}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Skyscrapers in India]]<br />
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:GIFT City]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daroga_Prasad_Rai_Path&diff=495631Daroga Prasad Rai Path2026-03-15T17:14:15Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Daroga Prasad Rai Path<br />
| other_name = Serpentine Road<br />
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood/Street<br />
| image_skyline = <br />
| image_alt = <br />
| image_caption = <br />
| nickname = <br />
| pushpin_map = India Patna<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt = <br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Patna, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|25|36|19|N|85|7|20|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = Metro<br />
| subdivision_name2 = Patna<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = <br />
| founder = <br />
| named_for = <br />
| government_type = <br />
| governing_body = <br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes = <br />
| area_rank = <br />
| area_total_km2 = <br />
| elevation_footnotes = <br />
| elevation_m = <br />
| population_total = <br />
| population_as_of = <br />
| population_rank = <br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = <br />
| population_footnotes = <br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Spoken<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 800001<br />
| registration_plate = <br />
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning agency]]<br />
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation]]<br />
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency<br />
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Patna Municipal Corporation]]<br />
| website =<br />
| footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Daroga Prasad Rai Path''', formerly '''Serpentine Road''',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131202/jsp/bihar/story_17625314.jsp#.VRV6l_yUdH4 | title=Times change, road names stay put | work=The Telegraph | date=2 December 2013 | accessdate=27 March 2015 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402173858/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1131202/jsp/bihar/story_17625314.jsp#.VRV6l_yUdH4 | archivedate=2 April 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> is a major [[Road|thoroughfare]],<ref name="times1">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Trees-along-city-roads-set-to-become-history/pmredirectshow/1227192.cms?curpg=1 | title=Trees along city roads set to become history | work=The Times of India | date=12 September 2005 | accessdate=27 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.news18.com/news/bihar/british-names-of-streets-now-to-be-indianised-in-the-capital-554991.html | title=Patna is changing street names: Goodbye Bailey, Gardiner, Serpentine! | publisher=news18.com | date=25 July 2014 | accessdate=27 March 2015 | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729183108/http://www.news18.com/news/bihar/british-names-of-streets-now-to-be-indianised-in-the-capital-554991.html | archivedate=29 July 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> which runs through the upscale part of Western [[Patna]] in India. Daroga Prasad Rai Path is a residential street, which connects Hartali Mor and [[Beer Chand Patel Marg]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150220/jsp/bihar/story_4496.jsp#.VRV9x_yUdH4 | title=Airport road set to glow | work=The Telegraph | date=20 February 2015 | accessdate=27 March 2015 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223103215/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150220/jsp/bihar/story_4496.jsp#.VRV9x_yUdH4 | archivedate=23 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The area is served by Shastrinagar Police Station under Patna Police.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Missing-man-found-admitted-to-PMCH/articleshow/138548.cms | title='Missing' man found, admitted to PMCH | work=The Times of India | date=20 August 2003 | accessdate=27 March 2015 | url-status=live | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521152210/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Missing-man-found-admitted-to-PMCH/articleshow/138548.cms | archivedate=21 May 2018 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> It is named after [[Daroga Prasad Rai]], the former chief minister of Bihar.<br />
<br />
==Landmarks/Nearby places==<br />
*R Block ~0.3&nbsp;km<br />
*[[Bihar Museum]] ~0.3&nbsp;km<br />
*60 Officers' Flat ~0.5&nbsp;km<br />
*Government Quarters- Officer's Flat ~0.5&nbsp;km<br />
*Lake ~0.6&nbsp;km<br />
*[[Mount Carmel High School, Patna|Mount Carmel High School]] ~0.7&nbsp;km<br />
*[[Eco Park, Patna|Eco Park]] ~0.8&nbsp;km<br />
*12 [[Bailey Road, Patna|Bailey Road]] ~0.9&nbsp;km<br />
*Punaichak 1&nbsp;km<br />
*[[A N College]] professors colony ~1.3&nbsp;km<br />
*[[Patna High Court]]<ref name="times1" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{Neighbourhoods of Patna}}<br />
[[Category:Roads in Bihar]]<br />
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Patna]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaadhal_2014&diff=507170Kaadhal 20142026-03-14T07:42:30Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Done.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2014 Tamil film by Suganthan}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Kaadhal 2014<br />
| image = Kaadhal 2014.jpg<br />
| caption = Official poster<br />
| director = Sugunathan<br />
| producer = B. Sudhakar<br />
| writer = Sugunathan<br />
| starring = {{plainlist|<br />
*[[Arish Kumar]]<br />
*Neha <br />
*[[Manikandan]] <br />
*[[Appukutty]]<br />
}}<br />
| music = [[F. S. Faizal]]<br />
| cinematography = M. Rathesh Kanna<br />
| editing = Sankar K. <br />
| studio = Saravana Film Maker<br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|8|29|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friday Fury – August 29 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-august-29-news-tamil-oi3iQxagdfhed.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831182701/http://www.sify.com/movies/friday-fury-august-29-news-tamil-oi3iQxagdfhed.html |archive-date=31 August 2014 |access-date=31 August 2014 |website=Sify}}</ref>}}<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Tamil<br />
| runtime = 121 minutes<br />
}}<br />
'''''Kaadhal 2014''''' ({{translation|Love 2014}}) is a 2014 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written and directed by Suganthan and produced by B. Sudhakar. The film stars [[Arish Kumar]], Neha, [[Appukutty]], and [[Manikandan]] (in his debut as a villain).<ref>{{Cite web |title=வில்லனாக மாறிய ஹீரோ [Hero turned as villain] |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=13113&id1=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317020642/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=13113&id1=3 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |access-date=17 March 2022 |website=Dinakaran |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayachitra |date=17 August 2014 |title=வில்லனாகிறார் 'பாய்ஸ்' மணிகண்டன்! ['Boys' Manikandan becomes villain] |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/news/love-2014-focus-on-sexual-harassment-against-women-208767.html |website=Filmibeat |language=ta}}</ref> The film is about female empowerment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raghavan |first=Nikhil |date=30 August 2014 |title=Spare a thought for women |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/etcetera-nakul-in-awe-of-urvashi/article6365165.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The music was composed by [[F. S. Faizal]] with cinematography by M. Rathesh Kanna and editing by Sankar K. The film released on 29 August 2014.<br />
<br />
== Cast == <br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Arish Kumar]] as Baskaran<br />
* Neha as Ranjani <br />
* [[Manikandan]] as Kumar<br />
* [[Appukutty]]<br />
* Rajapandi as Kittu, Kumar's Friend<br />
* Pasanga Sivakumar<br />
* Velmurugan<br />
* Kambam Meena<br />
* Sharmila<br />
* Shivani <br />
* Paruthiveeran Ammulu<br />
* Eeswaran<br />
* Alagappan<br />
* Salem Chinna Karuppu<br />
* Venkat<br />
* Balaji<br />
* A. P. Sabari<br />
* Elvis<br />
* Vinoth<br />
* Jayakumar<br />
* Subramani<br />
* [[Gana Bala]] in a special appearance in "Oh Jinglee"<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
The music was composed by [[F. S. Faizal]].<ref>https://masstamilan.in/kadhal/</ref><br />
*"Maanpola"<br />
*"Mailakilli"<br />
*"Oh Jinglee"<br />
*"Pathikucha"<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
Malini Mannath of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' opined that "Dealing with a crucial issue, what was needed was a more focused screenplay and mature handling".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Serious Issue Portrayed with Lack of Focus |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2014/aug/30/serious-issue-portrayed-with-lack-of-focus-654187.html}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Maalaimalar]]'' praised the film's novelty and music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2014 |title=காதல் 2014 [Kadhal 2014] |url=https://cinema.maalaimalar.com/cinema/review/2014/08/29150718/Kadhal-2014-movie-review.vpf |website=Maalaimalar |language=ta}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinathanthi|iFlicks]]'' praised the film's theme and music while criticised the film's pace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2014 |title=Kadhal 2014 |url=https://www.iflicks.in/Review/2014/08/30230107/Kadhal-2014.vpf |website=iFlicks}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Dinamalar]]'' called the film old-fashioned.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2014 |title=காதல் 2014 [Kadhal 2014] |url=https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1476 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317020640/https://m.dinamalar.com/vimar-detail.php?id=1476 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |website=Dinamalar |language=ta}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*{{IMDb title|11880638}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2014 films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]<br />
[[Category:2014 Tamil-language films]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemendra_Nath_Dutta&diff=502559Hemendra Nath Dutta2026-03-13T00:57:25Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Stub.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian archaeologist (born 1952)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| honorific_prefix = Dr.<br />
| name = Hemendra Nath Dutta<br />
| citizenship = Indian<br />
| occupation = Academic, Historian<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1952|11|1}}<br />
| title = <br />
| employer = <br />
| education = <br />
| years_active = <br />
| known_for = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
Dr '''Hemendra Nath Dutta''' (also spelled as Hemendranath Dutta) is an Indian academician, archaeologist who served as the Director, Directorate of Archaeology, Cultural Affairs Department, [[Government of Assam]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Move to preserve Alichiga-Tengani site |url= https://assamtribune.com/move-to-preserve-alichiga-tengani-site | website= Assam Tribune |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Report on regional conference on archaeology of north eastern India |url= https://asiguwahaticircle.gov.in/Report_conference.pdf | website= asiguwahaticircle.gov.in |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Fresh excavation at Ambari from Jan. - Archaeology department & ASI to launch joint drive to trace chronology of pottery |url= https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/fresh-excavation-at-ambari-from-jan-archaeology-department-asi-to-launch-joint-drive-to-trace-chronology-of-pottery/cid/518937 | website= Assam Tribune |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref> He is also a former Vice Chancellor, International University Nagaland, (earlier The Global Open University Nagaland).<ref>{{cite web |title= The Global Open University |url= https://nlsic.nagaland.gov.in/index.php/2019/10/23/the-global-open-university| website= Nagaland Gov |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Doyang-Dhansiri relics point at pre-Ahom era |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/doyang-dhansiri-relics-point-at-pre-ahom-era/cid/1530081| website= Telegraph India |access-date= April 29, 2015}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and career ==<br />
<br />
He was born on 1 November 1952. He completed his High School Leaving Certificate (HSLC) from Assam Board of Secondary Education in 1969, BA from [[Dibrugarh University]] in 1973, master's degree in arts from [[Gauhati University]] in 1975. He completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy]] from Gauhati University in 1998. His thesis title was: "Art and archaeology of the Doiyang Dhansiri valley of Assam".<ref>{{cite web |title= Citation details |url= https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/66569 | website= Shodhganga |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= History, art and archaeology of Doiyang Dhansiri Valley, Assam |url=https://zenon.dainst.org/Record/001352436/Access | website= Zenon |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
<br />
Some of the selected books authored and edited by Dutta include the following: <br />
<br />
* Directorate of Archaeology, Assam, Since its Inception (2002)<ref>{{cite web |title= Publications of the Directorate of Archaeology |url=https://archaeology.assam.gov.in/information-services/detail/publications-of-the-directorate-of-archaeology | website= Archaeology Assam |access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
* Assam Archaeology, 2003-2004- A review (2008)<ref>{{cite web |title= Assam archaeology 2003-04 : a review |url= https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25163733M/Assam_archaeology| website= Open Library|access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
* List of protected Archaeological Sites and Monuments of Assam, under the Directorate of Archaeology, Assam (English) (2005)<br />
* Puratatwik Kala Sampad Samuhar Panjikaran (1989)<br />
* Ambari Archaeological Site : An Interim Report, (2006) <br />
* Conservation of Archaeological Sites and Monuments : A Report (2007) <br />
* A Project Proposal on Protection, Preservation and Promotion of Sattra Institutions of Assam (2006)<br />
* A Few Inscriptional Discoveries in Assam (2010)<br />
* History, Art and Archaeology of Doiyang Dhansiri Valley Assam (2012)<br />
* A brief report on excavation at Paglatek archaeological siteGoalpara district, 2004-2005 <ref>{{cite web |title= A brief report on excavation at Paglatek archaeological siteGoalpara district, 2004-2005|url= https://openlibrary.org/works/OL16452625W/A_brief_report_on_excavation_at_Paglatek_archaeological_site?edition=key%3A/books/OL25163810M | website= Open Library|access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
* Eastern Himalayan domestic architecture with special reference to the North East India <ref>{{cite web |title= Eastern Himalayan domestic architecture with special reference to the North East India |url= https://openlibrary.org/works/OL32316608W/Eastern_Himalayan_domestic_architecture?edition=key%3A/books/OL44066693M | website= Open Library|access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
* A guide book on archaeological sites and monuments listed by Directorate of Archaeology, Assam<ref>{{cite web |title= A guide book on archaeological sites and monuments listed by Directorate of Archaeology, Assam |url= <br />
https://openlibrary.org/works/OL16452624W/A_guide_book_on_archaeological_sites_and_monuments_listed_by_Directorate_of_Archaeology_Assam?edition=key%3A/books/OL25163809M | website= Open Library|access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
* A brief report on excavation at Paglatek archaeological site Goalpara district, 2004-2005 <ref>{{cite web |title= A brief report on excavation at Paglatek archaeological site Goalpara district, 2004-2005 |url= https://openlibrary.org/works/OL16452625W/A_brief_report_on_excavation_at_Paglatek_archaeological_site?edition=key%3A/books/OL25163810M | website= Open Library|access-date= October 24, 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT: Dutta, H. N.}}<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Indian archaeologists]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian archaeologists]]<br />
<br />
{{archaeologist-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preethse_Preethse&diff=526629Preethse Preethse2026-03-04T07:30:24Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{No plot|date=February 2025}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Preethse Preethse<br />
| image = Preethse Preethse.jpg<br />
| caption = DVD cover<br />
| director = K Madesh<br />
| producer = Krishnayya<br />
| writer = <br />
| screenplay = <br />
| story = K Suresh Goswamy<br />
| starring = {{Plainlist|<br />
* [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] <br />
* [[Udhayathara]]<br />
*Pragna<br />
}}<br />
| narrator = <br />
| music = Anoop Seelin<br />
| cinematography = Veenus Murthy<br />
| editing = Thirupathi Reddy<br />
| studio = <br />
| distributor = <br />
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|06|26}}<br />
| runtime = <br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Preethse Preethse''''' ({{translation|Love me, love me}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by K Madesh starring [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]], [[Udhayathara]] and Pragna in the lead roles.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] as Mada a.k.a. Akash<br />
* [[Udhayathara]] as Aishwarya<br />
* Pragna as Bipasa<br />
* [[Jai Jagadish]] as Akash's adopted father<br />
* Sangeetha as Akash's adopted mother<br />
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] <br />
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] <br />
* [[P. N. Sathya]]<br />
* [[M. S. Umesh]]<br />
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Music==<br />
<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Preethse Preethse<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = Anoop Seelin<br />
| cover = <br />
| alt = <br />
| released = 2009<br />
| recorded = 2009<br />
| venue = <br />
| studio = <br />
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 23:35<br />
| language = Kannada <br />
| label = <br />
| producer = <br />
| prev_title = <br />
| prev_year = 2008<br />
| year = 2009<br />
| next_title = <br />
| next_year = 2010<br />
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio<br />
|{{YouTube| qgkleYEDa1o| Preethse Preethse - Full Album}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Track listing<br />
| headline = Track listing<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 23:35<br />
| all_lyrics = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]].<br />
| title1 = Dheemthakita<br />
| extra1 = Rithisha Padmanabh<br />
| length1 = 1:51<br />
| title2 = Kuchu Kuchu<br />
| extra2 = Shamitha Malnad, [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]<br />
| length2 = 4:16<br />
| title3 = Loose Maada<br />
| extra3 = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]<br />
| length3 = 4:55<br />
| title4 = Preethse Preethse<br />
| extra4 = J. Anoop Seelin<br />
| length4 = 4:44<br />
| title5 = Sundara<br />
| extra5 = Sangeetha Manojam<br />
| length5 = 4:35<br />
| title6 = Urige Baare<br />
| extra6 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]]<br />
| length6 = 4:35<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
=== Critical response ===<br />
<br />
R G Vijayasarathy of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' scored the film at 1.5 out of 5 stars and says "Anoop Sileen's music is good. Songs like Preethse Preethse, Loose Maada, and Urige Baare are well picturised while the Bangkok song has only sex and glitz. Preethse Preethse can be enjoyed only by Yogish's fans. Otherwise it is just an ordinary film".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2009/jun/26preethse-preethse-is-very-ordinary.htm|title=Preethse Preethse is very ordinary|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=26 June 2009}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote "Music director Anup Cylin has done a good job with the songs. It is worth watching only if you are a die-hard fan of Yogeesh alias Loose Mada and do not care for anything else".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/review/2009/jul/03/preethse-preethse-64799.html|title=Preethse Preethse|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 July 2009}}</ref> BS Srivani from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote "Madesh takes the audience on a blind date during the first half, with all the attendant feelings. It is only during the second half, when the viewers are sated of curiosity about the characters, that the film gets interesting. ‘Preethse Preethse’ offers a number of opportunities for psycho-analysis".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/10384/preethse-preethse.html|title=Preethse Preethse|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=26 June 2009}}</ref> A critic from [[Sify.com]] wrote "Yogish dialogue delivery is a drawback. He has to improve his looks too via a good make up man. Pragna in her short presence steals the show. Udayatara in her debut Kannada film is quite OK. Ramesh Bhat and Jai Jagdish as caring parents give a precise performance".<ref name="Sify">{{cite news|title=Preethsee Preethse|url=https://sify.com/movies/preethsee-preethse-review-kannada-pclxh2gbgjhbi.html|accessdate=29 June 2009|work=[[Sify.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117050245/https://sify.com/movies/preethsee-preethse-review-kannada-pclxh2gbgjhbi.html|archive-date=17 January 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2009 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aakash_(film)&diff=461383Aakash (film)2026-03-03T21:39:08Z<p>DelmarTroiano: small expand layout per sources additionally and updated info for clarity</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|2005 Kannada romantic drama film}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| image = Aakash film poster.jpg<br />
| caption = Film poster<br />
| director = Mahesh Babu<br />
| producer = [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]<br />
| screenplay = Mahesh Babu<br />
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes<br />
| label1= Dialogues by<br />
| data1 = M. S. Ramesh<br />
}}<br />
| story = [[Janardhana Maharshi]]<br />
| starring = [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]<br/>[[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]]<br />
| music = [[R. P. Patnaik]]<br />
| cinematography = Prasad Babu<br />
| editing = S. Manohar<br />
| studio = Sri Chakreshwari Combines<br />
| distributor = Sri Vajreshwari combines<br />
| released = {{film date|2005|04|29|df=yes}}<br />
| runtime = 150 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Kannada<br />
| budget = <br />
| gross = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Aakash''''' is a 2005 Indian [[Kannada language]] [[romantic drama film]] directed by Mahesh Babu, written by [[Janardhana Maharshi]] and produced by [[Parvathamma Rajkumar]]. The film stars [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], alongside [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]], [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] and [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]. The music was composed by [[R. P. Patnaik]], while cinematography and ediring were handled by Prasad Babu and S. Manohar.<br />
<br />
At the [[Karnataka State Film Awards]], the film won the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Editor|Best Editor]] award for S. Manohar.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Aakash, a practical person working in various job fields, meets Nandini, a woman from a rich background. Aakash and Nandini become friends and Nandini gets attracted to Aakash, but Aakash considers Nandini as his friend. However, Nandini's brothers Dayananda and Chidananda misunderstand Aakash to be in love with Nandini and begin to create havoc in Aakash's life, where Aakash loses his job and gets attacked. Aakash's sister Asha's engagement with Vishal gets broken due to Chidananda, who humiliates Asha.<br />
<br />
Enraged, Aakash thrashes Dayananda and Chidananda in their house, which make the duo determined to kill Aakash. Nandini leaves for [[Hubli]] to her friend's wedding; Dayananda and Chidananda use this opportunity to kill Aakash, but they find Aakash catching the train compartment in which Nandini is onboard. Dayananda and Chidananda hire hitmen to kill Aakash in the compartment as they believe that Aakash will follow Nandini, but Aakash left the compartment and Nandini is followed by a person named Devu.<br />
<br />
The hitmen secretly attack Devu and kill him. Aakash's purpose of arriving in Hubli is to convince Vishal's parents to reaccept Vishal and Asha's relationship. Nandini makes Vishal's parents accept the relationship. Aakash thanks Nandini for her help but declines her proposal as Nandini is from a rich family. Aakash takes Nandini back to her house and clears the misunderstandings with Dayananda and Chidananda. Nandini accepts the wedding proposal of her brother's choice and Chidananda hires Aakash as the wedding videographer on Nandini's request.<br />
<br />
On the wedding day, Devu's father, who learnt that Dayananda and Chidananda are behind his son's death, tries to marry Nandini so that Devu will be reborn again. However, Aakash thrashes Devu's father and saves Nandini. Later, Chidananda and Dayananda request Aakash to marry Nandini. Aakash finally agrees and marries Nandini. Asha and Vishal also get married.<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{Cast listing|<br />
* [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as Aakash<br />
* [[Ramya (actress)|Ramya]] as Nandini<br />
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Dayanand; Nandini's brother<br />
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Nandini's fiancé<br />
* [[Pavitra Lokesh]] as Mrs Dayanand<br />
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Chidanand; Nandini's brother<br />
* [[Sundar Raj]]<br />
* [[Tennis Krishna]]<br />
* [[Honnavalli Krishna]]<br />
* Pawan Kumar as Aakash's friend}}<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
The film marked the directorial debut of Mahesh Babu who earlier assisted Vijay Reddy, Kishore Sarja and M. S. Ramesh.<ref>{{cite web|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003350300.htm|title=Soaring success|access-date=11 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304070654/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003350300.htm|date=10 June 2005|archive-date=4 March 2006}}</ref> The song "Oh Maria" was shot at Sri Rockline Studios.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=10025|title=Song for Aakash|website=Screen|access-date=14 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050330181517/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=10025|date=18 March 2005|archive-date=30 March 2005}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Soundtrack ==<br />
{{Infobox album<br />
| name = Aakash<br />
| type = Soundtrack<br />
| artist = [[R. P. Patnaik]]<br />
| cover =<br />
| border = yes<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = Soundtrack cover<br />
| released = 8 March 2005<br />
| recorded =<br />
| venue =<br />
| studio =<br />
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br />
| length = 27:54<br />
| label = Jhankar Music<br />
| producer =<br />
| prev_title =<br />
| prev_year =<br />
| next_title =<br />
| next_year =<br />
| misc = {{External media<br />
| audio1 = {{YouTube|vscseVS54WM|Official Audio Jukebox}}<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
[[R. P. Patnaik]] composed the film's background score and music for its soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/akash/uYmH9WmKFBo_|title=Akash|access-date=28 September 2023|work=JioSaavn|archive-date=28 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928142542/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/akash/uYmH9WmKFBo_|url-status=live}}</ref> The album consists of seven tracks.<ref>{{cite web |title= Akash (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url= https://music.apple.com/us/album/akash-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/663696589 |publisher= iTunes |access-date= 2 March 2015 |archive-date= 24 March 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230324110615/https://music.apple.com/us/album/akash-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/663696589 |url-status= live }}</ref> Lyrics for the 5 tracks were penned by [[K. Kalyan]]. And other 2 tracks, "Habba Habba" and "Hodi Hodi" penned by Sri Ranga and [[V. Nagendra Prasad]] respectively. The songs "Neene Neene" and "Aaha Entha Aa Kshana" became popular upon the audio release.<br />
<br />
{{tracklist<br />
| headline = Tracklist<br />
| extra_column = Singer(s)<br />
| total_length = 27:54<br />
| title1 = Aaha Entha Aa Kshana<br />
| lyrics1 = [[K. Kalyan]]<br />
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]<br />
| length1 = 4:58<br />
| title2 = Habba Habba<br />
| lyrics2 = Sri Ranga<br />
| extra2 = [[Udit Narayan]]<br />
| length2 = 4:30<br />
| title3 = Hodi Hodi<br />
| lyrics3 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]<br />
| extra3 = [[Puneeth Rajkumar]]<br />
| length3 = 4:32<br />
| title4 = Neene Neene<br />
| lyrics4 = K. Kalyan<br />
| extra4 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]<br />
| length4 = 4:31<br />
| title5 = O Mariya<br />
| lyrics5 = K. Kalyan<br />
| extra5 = Kunal Ganjawala<br />
| length5 = 5:08<br />
| title6 = Yenidu E Dina<br />
| lyrics6 = K. Kalyan<br />
| extra6 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]<br />
| length6 = 1:53<br />
| title7 = Aaha Entha Aa Kshana (Bit)<br />
| lyrics7 = K. Kalyan<br />
| extra7 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]<br />
| length7 = 2:22<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Reception ==<br />
A critic from ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that "''Akash'' is a clean family entertainer from the home production of Dr Rajkumar, the icon of Kannada cinema. Compared to his earlier four films, Puneeth Rajkumar has worked hard in this love story which has a message for the youth of today".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/akash-review-kannada-pclvJidchgdgi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701204414/http://www.sify.com/movies/akash-review-kannada-pclvJidchgdgi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2016 |title = Akash|work=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote that "''Akash'' is certainly an enjoyable film. Puneet's performance and Ramya's {{as written|glamo|urous [sic]}} screen presence will remain in your memory for a long time".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/02akash.htm|title=Akash is enjoyable|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=2 May 2005|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105095341/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/may/02akash.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Box office ==<br />
According to ''[[Sify]]'', this was "Puneeth’s biggest hit as in Mysore, Bangalore and Hubli" and received "95 percent collections right from the day of its release".<ref>{{Cite web |work=[[Sify]] |date=2005-05-25 |title=Bangalore box-office! - Sify.com |url=http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13738832 |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=25 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525073413/http://sify.com/entertainment/movies/kannada/fullstory.php?id=13738832 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The film ran for more than two-hundred days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-15-years-back-blockbuster-movie-aakash-starring-puneeth-rajkumar-and-ramya-was-released/articleshow/75447197.cms|title=This day 15 years back: Blockbuster movie 'Aakash' starring Puneeth Rajkumar and Ramya was released|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 April 2020|access-date=7 March 2023|archive-date=7 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307102242/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/this-day-15-years-back-blockbuster-movie-aakash-starring-puneeth-rajkumar-and-ramya-was-released/articleshow/75447197.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* {{IMDb title}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:2005 Kannada-language films]]<br />
[[Category:2005 films]]<br />
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by Mahesh Babu (director)]]<br />
[[Category:Films scored by R. P. Patnaik]]<br />
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]<br />
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aa_Nimisham&diff=453768Aa Nimisham2026-03-03T21:09:31Z<p>DelmarTroiano: expanded content</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox film<br />
| name = Aa Nimisham<br />
| image = Aa Nimisham.jpg<br />
| caption = Poster<br />
| director = [[I. V. Sasi]]<br />
| producer = K. J. Joseph<br />
| writer = [[A. Sheriff]]<br />
| screenplay = [[Sherif]]<br />
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br>[[Sheela]]<br>[[Sridevi]]<br>[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]<br />
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]<br />
| cinematography = C. Ramachandra Menon<br />
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]<br />
| studio = Cherupushpam Films<br />
| released = {{Film date|1977|9|9|df=y}}<br />
| runtime = 130 minutes<br />
| country = India<br />
| language = Malayalam<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Aa Nimisham''''' ({{Translation|That Moment}}) is a 1977 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]], directed by [[I. V. Sasi]] and produced by K. J. Joseph. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Sheela]], [[Sridevi]] and [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] . The film has musical score by [[G. Devarajan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=774|title=Aa Nimisham|access-date=2014-10-05|publisher=MalayalaChalachithram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3295 |title=Aa Nimisham |access-date=2014-10-05 |publisher=malayalasangeetham.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083958/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?3295 |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/a-nimisham-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006072616/http://spicyonion.com/title/a-nimisham-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=6 October 2014|title=Aa Nimisham|access-date=2014-10-05|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aa Nimisham|url=http://musicalaya.net/imgviewer.php?mod=lpcovers/3/4/1/1|publisher=musicalaya|access-date=2013-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070104/http://musicalaya.net/imgviewer.php?mod=lpcovers%2F3%2F4%2F1%2F1|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Nool Veli'' and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Guppedu Manasu]]''.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
{{No plot|date=September 2020}}<br />
<br />
==Cast==<br />
{{colbegin}}<br />
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br />
*[[Sheela]]<br />
*[[Sridevi]]<br />
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]<br />
*Ashalatha<br />
*Francis<br />
*[[Sumathi (actress)|Baby Sumathi]]<br />
*[[Chandrakala]]<br />
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]]<br />
*[[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]]<br />
*Sarala<br />
*Alex<br />
{{colend}}<br />
<br />
==Soundtrack==<br />
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Yusufali Kechery]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"<br />
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)<br />
|-<br />
| 1 || "Ayalathe Janalil" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Yusufali Kechery]] ||<br />
|-<br />
| 2 || "Chaayam Thecha" || K. J. Yesudas, [[P. Madhuri]] || Yusufali Kechery ||<br />
|-<br />
| 3 || "Malare Maathalamalare" || K. J. Yesudas || Yusufali Kechery ||<br />
|-<br />
| 4 || "Manasse Neeyoru" || K. J. Yesudas || Yusufali Kechery ||<br />
|-<br />
| 5 || "Paarilirangiya" || [[P. Jayachandran]], P. Madhuri, Shakeela Balakrishnan || Yusufali Kechery ||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{IMDb title|0186790|A Nimisham}}<br />
<br />
{{I. V. Sasi}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:1977 films]]<br />
[[Category:Indian drama films]]<br />
[[Category:Films with screenplays by A. Sheriff]]<br />
[[Category:1977 Malayalam-language films]]<br />
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]<br />
[[Category:Malayalam films remade in other languages]]<br />
[[Category:Films directed by I. V. Sasi]]<br />
[[Category:1977 drama films]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raghubir_Singh_of_Jind&diff=528037Raghubir Singh of Jind2026-03-02T18:30:17Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Starting new bio</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=February 2023}}<br />
{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Raghubir Singh<br />
| title = [[Maharaja]]<br />
| titletext = "[[Great king]]"<br />
| image = Photograph of Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jind State seated in an ornamental chair adorned with lions and peacocks, ca.1875.jpg<br />
| caption = Photograph of Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jind State seated in an ornamental chair adorned with lions and peacocks, {{circa|1875}}<br />
| reign = 1864–1887<br />
| coronation = 31 March 1864<br />
| predecessor = Swarup Singh<br />
| successor = [[Ranbir Singh Jind|Ranbir Singh]]<br />
| spouse = Sama Kaur<br />
| issue = * Balbir Singh (1857–1883)<br />
* Ranbir Singh<br />
* Balbir Kaur<br />
| house = [[Phulkian dynasty]]<br />
| father = Swarup Singh of Jind<br />
| mother = <br />
| birth_date = 1832<br />
| birth_place = Wazidpur (today [[Patiala district]])<br />
| death_date = 7 March 1887<br />
| death_place = <br />
| religion = <br />
| signature = <br />
}}<br />
'''Maharaja Raghubir Singh''' (1832 – 7 March 1887) was the Maharaja of [[Jind State]] of the [[Phulkian sardars|Phulkian dynasty]]. He reigned from 1864 to 1887.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Bhagat |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |year=1993 |chapter=Chapter 14 - The Phulkian Misl}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Singh was born at Wazidpur in 1832, the younger of two sons of [[Swarup Singh of Jind]]. In 1848, he became heir apparent to his father upon the death of his older brother. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Great Uprising]], he fought alongside his father in armor and mail at some of the major battles against the rebels.<br />
<br />
==Maharaja of Jind==<br />
Following his father's death in 1864, Raghubir Singh ascended the Jind ''gadi'', having his coronation on 31 March of that year. The coronation was attended by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, Robert Montgomery, as well as by the Maharaja of Patiala-the head of the Phulkian clan. Raghubir Singh established his main residence at [[Sangrur]], and began a long campaign to remodel his state. He rebuilt the Sangrur bazaar, constructed gardens and built temples, water tanks, public buildings and paved roads. In 1872, he contributed a contingent of the Jind artillery for service in the outbreak of [[Ram Singh Kuka|Kuka movement]].<br />
<br />
In 1874, he faced a serious revolt in [[Charkhi Dadri district#British colonial era|fifty villages]] in his territory of [[Charkhi Dadri]], as well as in some other lands acquired after 1857, but he took personal command of his troops and subdued the revolt in a month and crushed it. Three principal villages which took part in the rebellion, Charkhi, Mankinas and Jhanjhu, were burned down.<br />
[[File:Photograph of Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jind State and suite, ca.1870's–80's.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Maharaja Raghubir Singh of Jind State and suite, ca.1870's–80's]]<br />
In 1875, Raghubir Singh was knighted with the GCSI, the highest imperial dignity, receiving the KIH in 1877 and the CIE in 1878. During the Second Afghan War, he sent 700 cavalry and infantry to the aid of the British forces in Afghanistan. In 1877, Raghubir Singh was made a Councillor of the Empire (an ADC to the Viceroy). He was granted the title of ''Raja-i-Rajgan'' in 1881, and died six years later after a 23-year reign, aged 53. As his only son had died in 1883, he was succeeded by his grandson, Ranbir Singh.<br />
<br />
==Marriages==<br />
Raghubir Singh married twice, first marrying Sama Kaur, the daughter of Jawahar Singh. The couple had a son and a daughter:<br />
# Balbir Singh (1857–1883). Married twice, first to a lady from Lahore (d. 1875) and secondly in 1872 to a daughter of the Sardar of Shahzadpur. He had a son and a daughter by his second wife:<br />
## [[Ranbir Singh of Jind|Ranbir Singh]], who succeeded his grandfather as Raja and later Maharaja of Jind.<br />
## Balbir Kaur, who married the Raja of Hathras (1886–1979) in 1902 and had one son.<br />
# A daughter, who married the Rai of Kalsia and had two sons.<br />
<br />
==Titles==<br />
*1834-1848: [[Maharajkumar]] [[Sri]] Raghubir Singh<br />
*1848-1864: Sri [[Heir apparent|Tikka]] [[Sahib]] Raghubir Singh [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]<br />
*1864-1875: [[His Highness]] Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, [[Maharaja]] Sri Raghubir Singh Bahadur, [[Maharaja]] of [[Jind]]<br />
*1875-1878: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Maharaja Sri [[Sir]] Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, [[GCSI]]<br />
*1878-1881: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Maharaja Sri Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, GCSI, [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]]<br />
*1881-1887: His Highness Farzand-i-Dilband, Rasikh-ul-Itiqad-i-Daulat-i-Inglishia, Raja-i-Rajgan, Maharaja Sri Sir Raghubir Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Jind, GCSI, CIE<br />
<br />
==Honours==<br />
*[[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]] (GCSI)-1875<br />
*Prince of Wales gold medal-1876<br />
*[[Empress of India Medal]], gold-1877<br />
*[[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE)-1878<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]<br />
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br />
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]<br />
[[Category:1832 births]]<br />
[[Category:1887 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Indian knights]]<br />
[[Category:Maharajas of Jind State]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madhyadesha&diff=463196Madhyadesha2026-03-01T18:57:29Z<p>DelmarTroiano: add structure also and added references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Subdivision of ancient India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
'''Madhyadesha''' or the "middle country" was one of the five sub-divisions of [[ancient India]] that extended from the upper reaches of the [[Ganges|Ganga]] and the [[Yamuna]] to the [[confluence]] of the two rivers at [[Triveni Sangam|Prayaga]]. The territory of middle region constitutes a cogent entity — geographically as well as culturally. Inside northern India (ancient [[Āryāvarta|Aryavarta]]) this region has been instrumental in guiding the main currents of history and the spread of civilization from a very early age.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V2_pPqhm2mwC&dq=madhyadesa&pg=PA5|title=Sculptures of Ganga-Yamuna Valley|last=Mukhopadhyay|first=Mihir Mohan|date=1984|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=9788170171898|pages=5|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Historically, Madhyadesha was dominated by Kannauj or [[Kannauj|Kanyakubja]] which made Kannauj the centre and cultural capital of Madhyadesha and surrounding [[Aryavarta]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicolas Jimenez|first=Silvia Aguero |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cl8OEAAAQBAJ |title=Resistencias gitanas|date=2020 |publisher=Editorial libros.com|isbn=978-84-18261-72-5 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pruthi |first=R.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3cEERlSo4wC |title=The Classical Age|date=2004 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-7141-876-3 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
From sixth century BCE, the history of this region can be properly recovered. The entire region is considered sacred in [[Hindu mythology]] as gods and heroes mentioned in the two epics — [[Ramayana]] and [[Mahabharata]] — lived here. Its subsequent history became mingled with the [[Puranas]] and other Hindu scriptures. The region saw the rise and fall of several [[Mahajanapadas]] such as the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kurus]], [[Panchala|Panchalas]], [[Kosala]] and the dynasties of [[Kushan Empire|Kushans]] and [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]]. After the fall of Gupta Dynasty in the 6th century CE, this region was ruled by region powers — the [[Maukhari dynasty|Maukharies]] of Kannauj and [[Harsha]] of Thaneshwar. The [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Gurjara Pratiharas]] and [[Gahadavala dynasty|Gahadvalas]] held sway over the region during 9th and 10th centuries.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldhazU_vvQcC&dq=madhyadesh&pg=PA62|title=Women Legislators in Indian Politics|last=Singh|first=Pitam|date=2003|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180690198|pages=62|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{coord missing|India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Regions of India]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Indian geography]]<br />
[[Category:Historical regions in India]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-geo-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahagaon,_Gadhinglaj&diff=514702Mahagaon, Gadhinglaj2026-02-23T16:55:50Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added new entry...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{use Indian English|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}<br />
{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Mahagaon<br />
| other_name = <br />
| nickname =<br />
| settlement_type = Town<br />
| image_skyline =<br />
| image_alt =<br />
| image_caption =<br />
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra<br />
| pushpin_label_position = right<br />
| pushpin_map_alt =<br />
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|16.141846|N|74.336683|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| subdivision_type = Country<br />
| subdivision_name = India<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]<br />
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kolhapur district|Kolhapur]]<br />
| established_title = <!-- Established --><br />
| established_date = 1500<br />
| founder =<br />
| named_for =<br />
| government_type = [[Town council]]<br />
| governing_body = Mahagao Panchyat Samiti.<br />
| unit_pref = Metric<br />
| area_footnotes =<br />
| area_rank =<br />
| area_total_km2 = 7.97<br />
| elevation_footnotes =<br />
| elevation_m = 624<br />
| population_total = 20,108<br />
| population_as_of = 2011<br />
| population_rank = 4th in Gadhinglaj<br />
| population_density_km2 = auto<br />
| population_demonym = Mahagaokar<br />
| population_footnotes =<br />
| demographics_type1 = Languages<br />
| demographics1_title1 = Official<br />
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br />
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
| utc_offset1 = +5:30<br />
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br />
| postal_code = 416503<br />
| area_code_type = Telephone code<br />
| area_code = 02327<br />
| registration_plate = MH 09<br />
| footnotes =<br />
}}<br />
'''Mahagaon''' is a town in [[Gadhinglaj Taluka]], [[Kolhapur district]], situated in the southwest corner of the state of [[Maharashtra]], India, on the banks of the Hiranyakeshi river. It is about {{convert|10|km}} south of [[Gadhinglaj]] and {{convert|14|km}} from the city of [[Kadgaon]]. It is managed by a [[town council]]. In 2011, it had a population of about 20,108.<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
It has an average elevation of {{convert|624|m|ft}} and lies on the banks of the Hiranyakeshi river. It has an average temperature of around 18&nbsp;°C in winter and 25&nbsp;°C in summer and has more rainfall than average for [[Kolhapur district]].<br />
<br />
{{Geographic location<br />
|Centre = Mahagaon, Gadhinglaj<br />
|North = [[Gadhinglaj]], [[Mumbai]], [[Pune]]<br />
|Northeast = [[Nipani]]<br />
|East = [[Mugruwadi]]<br />
|Southeast = [[Belgaon]], [[Bangalore]]<br />
|South = [[Nesari]], [[Chandgad]], [[Goa]]<br />
|Southwest = [[Sawantwadi]]<br />
|West = [[Ajra]]<br />
|Northwest = [[Kadgaon]], [[Ratnagiri]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
History of Mahagaon dates back to 1500 AD. It history is as old as [[Gadhinglaj]] and Kadgaon it was always a bustling town. But in recent years it has seen a boom in economy, population and in real estate. It is an Important Education centre.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}<br />
<br />
==Demography==<br />
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Mahagaon had a population of 14,549. But {{As of|2011}} India census Mahagaon has a population is 20,108, which includes Mahagaon town as well as extended areas included in the town. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Mahagagaon has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 74.9%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 72%. In Mahagaon, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.<br />
<br />
The language most widely spoken is Marathi with 20,108 people speaking Marathi as their primary language. [[Hinduism]] is the largest religion with 20,050 people following Hinduism followed by [[Muslim]] with 40 and by [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] with 11 and then followed [[Buddhist]] with 7 peoples.<br />
<br />
==Civic administration==<br />
The civic administration of the town is managed by a [[Gram Panchyat]] (town council). It is headed by the Sarpanch who is assisted by council chief officer and council members.<ref>[http://gadhinglajpalika.org/comessage.html Gadhinglaj Municipal Council.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602084410/http://gadhinglajpalika.org/comessage.html |date=2009-06-02 }}</ref> The electrical supply to the city is managed by the [[Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited]] (MAHADISCOM).<br />
<br />
==Education==<br />
Mahagaon has many educational institutions. In recent years it is becoming a hub for Public and Boarding School. All this has happened due to its location, civic amenities and climates.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}<br />
* Shivaji Vidhyalaya<br />
* Mahatma Phule High School<br />
* Jai Bharat English Medium School<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Polytechnic Institutes<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Engineering Institutes<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Medical Institutes<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Nursing Institutes<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Arts College<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Commerce College<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Science College<br />
* Sant Gajanan Maharaj Pharmacy Institutes<br />
* Raja Shivchhatrapati Arts and Commerce College<br />
* V. K. Chavan-Patil D.Ed. college<br />
* Kaizen International School<br />
<br />
==Economy==<br />
<br />
Mahagaon major businesses are education, trading, sugar production, and [[red chili]]. Marketing hub due to it is near [[Goa]] and [[Sindhudurg district]] and it education sector is developing on a very large scale for world-class and higher education. Its trading business and [[real estate]] is booming on a large scale. It has many national and local banks due to its economy.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}<br />
<br />
==Places of interest==<br />
* [[Amboli, Sindhudurg]].<br />
* Samangarh, a hill fort.<br />
* The Samangad grant, which belongs to the seventh Rasrakuta king Dantidurga or Dantivarma II, bears date sak 675 (A.D. 733–54).<ref>[http://kolhapur.nic.in/kolhapurgazetteer/his_early.html Kolhapur district gazettee]</ref><br />
<br />
==Transportation==<br />
Mahagaon is connected to all major cities and towns of Maharashtra and the rest of India by numerous state highways and is about 15&nbsp;km from National Highway 4 (NH 4).<br />
<br />
===Nearest major airports===<br />
* [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]] : [[Dabolim Airport]] 157&nbsp;km<br />
* [[Belgaum]] : 54&nbsp;km<br />
* [[Kolhapur]] : 82&nbsp;km<br />
<br />
===Nearest railway stations===<br />
Belgaum towards south, Ghataprabha towards east, Kolhapur towards north and Savantwadi towards west.<br />
<br />
'''Other distances from Mahagaon'''<br />
* Sankeshwar (NH 4) : 22&nbsp;km<br />
* Kolhapur : 82&nbsp;km via Kalbhairi, 76&nbsp;km via Sankeshwar<br />
* Belgaum : 47&nbsp;km via Kowad, 62&nbsp;km via Sankeshwar<br />
* Gadhinglaj : 10&nbsp;km<br />
* Kadgaon : 14&nbsp;km<br />
* Nesari : 12&nbsp;km<br />
* Gokak Falls : 57&nbsp;km<br />
* Ramtirth waterfalls near Ajara : 22&nbsp;km<br />
* Amboli Hillstation : 57&nbsp;km<br />
* Savantwadi : 84&nbsp;km<br />
* Panjim via Amboli Ghat : 139&nbsp;km<br />
* Tilari Ghat : 54&nbsp;km<br />
* Panjim via Tilari Ghat : 132&nbsp;km<br />
* Goa :<br />
* shri Chaloba Temple kadal : 7 ; km<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Kolhapur district topics}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kolhapur district]]<br />
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivanand_Goswami&diff=535139Shivanand Goswami2026-02-22T04:53:56Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian poet}}<br />
{{Multiple issues|<br />
{{Third-party|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Unreliable sources|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=hi|otherarticle=शिवानन्द गोस्वामी|date=January 2025}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
[[File:'वंश प्रशस्ति' संस्कृत काव्य पुस्तक का मुखपृष्ठ.jpg|thumb]]<br />
'''Shivanand Goswami''', also known as '''Shiromani Bhatt''', was a poet and a scholar of literature, poetics, [[Ayurveda]], [[Oriental studies]], the [[Vedas]] and [[Vedanga|Vedangas]], [[Ritual|ritualism]], [[theology]], [[astronomy]], [[astrology]] (''Hora Shastra''), [[Sanskrit]] grammar, and a practitioner of [[Tantra]]–[[Mantra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epustakalay.com/book/55265-jaipur-ki-sanskrit-sahitya-ko-den-18351965-by-dr-prabhakar-shastri/|title=जयपुर की संस्कृत साहित्य को देन (1835–1965) {{!}} Hindi Book {{!}} Jaipur Ki Sanskrit Sahitya Ko den (1835–1965) - ePustakalay}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life == <br />
<br />
Shivanand was born in [[Kanchipuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. His ancestors were originally [[Tamil language|Tamil]]- and [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking ''Panchadravida Vellanadu'' [[Brahmin]]s,<ref>"Vansh Prashasti", a book by Goswami Harikrishna Shastri</ref> who later settled in [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and other regions of North India at the request and invitation of several North Indian [[king]]s. Goswami's grandfather, [[Shriwas Bhatt I]], is believed to have migrated from [[Tamil Nadu]] to North India;<ref>''North Indian Andhra-Tailang-Bhatt-Family-Tree'' (Part 2), by the ''Shuddhadvaita Vaishnava Vellanateeya Yuvak Mandal'', edited by [[Potkurchi Kanthamani Shastri]] and [[Karanji Gokulananda Tailang]], published from [[Nathdwara]], [[Rajasthan]]</ref> he was bestowed the title of "Goswami" upon the completion of his training in tantra under his guru Satchidananda Sundaracharya in 1525, and was renamed Goswami Vidyanand Nath.<br />
<br />
Shiromani Bhatt's father was Shri Jaganniwas Bhatt, who was invited by the [[Bundelkhand]] king [[Devi Singh (raja)|Devi Singh]] to serve as his ''rajguru''. Later, the [[Amber, India|Amber]] king [[Bishan Singh]] invited his son, Goswami, to his capital to perform a ''Vajapeya Yajna'' and subsequently accepted him as the ''rajguru'' of the Kachchawa clan.<ref>"''Sabheda Arya Saptshatee''", an ancient text referred to by [[Goswami Harikrishna Shastri]] in his verse work ''Vansh-Prashasti''</ref><ref>'''उत्तर भारतीय आन्ध्र-तैलंग-भट्ट-वंशवृक्ष''' (भाग-२), edited by the late Potkurchi Kanthamani Shastri and Karanji Gokulananda Tailang, published by the ''Shuddhadvaita Vaishnava Vellanateeya Yuvak Mandal'', [[Nathdwara]], Vikram Samvat 2007</ref><br />
<br />
== Simha-Siddhanta-Sindhu == <br />
[[File:Cover Page of Book 'Singh Siddhant Sindhu 'by Shivananda Goswami.jpg|thumb|''Singh Siddhant Sindhu'' by Shivananda Goswami]]<br />
<br />
Shivananda Goswami was a devotee of the goddess [[Tripura Sundari]]. Traditional accounts describe him as a practitioner of [[Tantra]] and attribute to him knowledge of occult and tantric practices.<ref>Monograph: ''Sakshi Natya Shiromani Goswami Shivanand'', Prakash Parimal, Smriti Publications, D-38 Dev Nagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur 302018</ref> After the ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad Bhagavatam]]'', the composition of the text ''[[Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu]]'' is attributed to Shivananda Goswami. Written in 1674, the work is said to comprise approximately 35,130 Sanskrit verses, exceeding the verse count of the ''Srimad Bhagavatam''.<br />
<br />
The handwritten manuscript of the work was preserved at the [[Anup Sanskrit Library]] in [[Bikaner]]. Nearly four centuries after its composition, it was published in printed form by the [[Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute]] of [[Jodhpur]] in three volumes, under the editorship of Pandit Laxminarayan Goswami. The third volume was also issued as an e-book by exoticindiaart.com. The text is encyclopaedic in scope and includes material drawn from a wide range of disciplines, including Sanskrit poetry, [[Tantra]], Mantra Shastra, [[Nyaya]], Agama–Nigama traditions, [[Dharmaśāstra|Dharmashastras]], [[Mīmāṃsā|Mimamsa]], sutra literature, [[ethics]], [[astrology]], the [[Vedas]] and [[Vedanga|Vedangas]], [[grammar]], [[medicine]], [[Ayurveda]], ''yajna'' procedures (''Yagya-Vidhi''), [[ritual]]s, and ''Hora Shastra''. According to the editor, two additional volumes were under publication by the Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute.<ref>''Sanskrit-Kalpataru'', edited by Kalanath Shastri and Ghanshyam Goswami, Manjunath Research Institute, C-8, Prithviraj Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur 302001</ref><br />
<br />
== Other works ==<br />
<br />
Goswami is credited with authoring more than 35 Sanskrit works, although this figure requires further verification.{{cn|date=June 2025}} Apart from ''champu kavya'', most of his compositions are written in verse form. A list of citations from the first ten ''tarangas'' (waves) of ''Singh Siddhanta Sindhu'' was published in Chennai (formerly Madras).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3rXAAAAMAAJ&q=simha+siddhant+sindhu |title=Communication with God: The Daily Pūjā Ceremony in the Jagannātha Temple |isbn=9788173052620 |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160029/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=g3rXAAAAMAAJ&q=simha+siddhant+sindhu&dq=simha+siddhant+sindhu&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3ymyU-fbBIOSuATAg4DgCA&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |last1=Tripathi |first1=Gaya Charan |year=2004 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts }}</ref> He is described in traditional accounts as a devotee of the goddess Tripura Sundari. Owing to his association with [[Srividya]] practice, he was conferred the title '''Sakshi-Natya-Shiromani''' by a community of scholars in [[Varanasi]].<ref>Monograph by P. Parimal</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-C9mAAAAMAAJ&q=Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu|title=Rājasthāna ke granthāgāra|year=1986}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YW05AAAAIAAJ&q=Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu|title=Parampara|year=1984}}</ref><br />
<br />
Approximately 30 of his works, mostly in the form of handwritten manuscripts, are preserved in institutions such as the [[Anup Sanskrit Library]], [[Bikaner]]; the Pothikhana of the City Palace, [[Jaipur]]; the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]], [[Pune]]; and other repositories.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3rXAAAAMAAJ&q=simha+siddhant+sindhu |title=Communication with God: The Daily Pūjā Ceremony in the Jagannātha Temple |isbn=9788173052620 |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714160029/http://books.google.co.in/books?id=g3rXAAAAMAAJ&q=simha+siddhant+sindhu&dq=simha+siddhant+sindhu&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3ymyU-fbBIOSuATAg4DgCA&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAg |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |last1=Tripathi |first1=Gaya Charan |year=2004 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts }}</ref><br />
<br />
{{Div col}}<br />
<br />
* ''Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu'' (1674) सिंहसिद्धान्तसिन्धु<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epustakalay.com/book/281730-singh-siddhant-sindhu-vol-1-by-goswami-shivanand-bhatta-fatah-singh/|title=सिंहसिद्धान्तसिन्धुः - खण्ड 1 {{!}} Sanskrit Book {{!}} Singh Siddhant Sindhu - Vol. 1 - ePustakalay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rgbooks.net/shop/sanskrit/singh-siddhant-sindhu-vol-1/|title=Singh Siddhant Sindhu, vol. 1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rgbooks.net/shop/sanskrit/singh-siddhant-sindhu-vol-3/|title=Singh Siddhant Sindhu, vol. 3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/singh-siddhanta-sindhu-by-goswami-shri-shivananda-bhatt-part-2-old-and-rare-book-uaa813/|title=सिंहसिद्धान्तसिन्धु (द्वितीय खण्ड) {{!}} Exotic India Art}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWramj9u8Z0C&dq=Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu&pg=PA92|title=Mantra Shakti Aur Sadhna|isbn=9788171828395|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Bhojraj|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FNFAQAAIAAJ&q=Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu|title=Sambodhi|year=1989}}</ref><br />
* ''Singh-Siddhant-Pradeepak'' सिंह-सिद्धान्त-प्रदीपक<br />
* ''Subodh Roopawali'' सुबोध रूपावली<br />
* ''Srividyayasparyakram-Darpan'' श्रीविद्यास्यपर्याक्रम-दर्पण<br />
* ''Vidyarchandipika'' विद्यार्चनदीपिका<br />
* ''Lalitarchana-Kaumudi'' ललितार्चन-कौमुदी<br />
* ''Laxminarayanarcha-Kaumudi'' लक्ष्मीनारायणार्चा-कौमुदी<br />
* ''Laxminarayan-Stuti'' लक्ष्मीनारायण-स्तुति<br />
* ''Subhgodaya-Darpana'' सुभगोदय-दर्पण<br />
* ''Aacharsindhu'' आचारसिन्धु<br />
* ''Prayashchittaranava-Sanket'' प्रायश्चित्तार्णव-संकेत<br />
* ''Aanhikaratna'' आन्हिकरत्न<br />
* ''Mahabharata-Subhashita-Shloka-Sangraha'' महाभारत-सुभाषित-श्लोक-संग्रह<br />
* ''Vyavahara-Nirnaya'' व्यवहारनिर्णय<br />
* ''Vaidyaratna'' वैद्यरत्न<br />
* ''Muhurtaratna'' मुहूर्तरत्न<br />
* ''Kala-Viveka'' काल-विवेक<br />
* ''Tithi-Nirnaya'' तिथिनिर्णय<br />
* ''Amarakoshasya Balabodhini Tika'' अमरकोशस्य बालबोधिनी टीका<br />
* ''Stree-Pratyaya-Kosha'' स्त्री-प्रत्यय-कोश<br />
* ''Karaka-Kosha'' कारक-कोश<br />
* ''Samaasa-Kosha'' समास-कोश<br />
* ''Shabda-Bheda-Prakash'' शब्द-भेद-प्रकाश<br />
* ''Aakhyanavada'' आख्यानवाद<br />
* ''Padartha-Tattva-Nirupana'' पदार्थतत्त्वनिरूपण<br />
* ''Naya-Viveka'' नय-विवेक<br />
* ''Ishwarastuti'' ईश्वरस्तुति<br />
* ''Kulpradeep'' कुलप्रदीप<br />
* ''Shri-Chandra-Pooja-Prayoga'' श्रीचन्द्रपूजा-प्रयोग<br />
* ''Nityarchana-Kathana'' नित्यार्चन-कथन<br />
<br />
{{Div col end}}<br />
<br />
== Honours, felicitations and jagirs ==<br />
<br />
During the seventh generation of the [[Orchha]] rulers, [[Devi Singh (raja)|Devi Singh]] (r. 1635–1641) is recorded to have bestowed a jagir comprising four villages in the [[Bundelkhand]] region of present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]] upon Goswami, following his receipt of ''[[Sri Vidya]]'' mantra ''diksha'' from him.<ref>''Sanskrit-Kalpataru'', edited by [[Kalanath Shastri]] and Ghanshyam Goswami, Manjunath Memorial Research Institute, C-8, Prithviraj Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur 302001</ref><br />
<br />
Between 1692 and 1694, the [[Amber, India|Amber]] ruler [[Bishan Singh]] granted him the jagirs of Ramjipura (the area on which present-day Malviya Nagar, [[Jaipur]], is situated), along with Harivanshpura, Chimanpura and [[Mahapura]].<ref>"The Changing Power-Structure in a Rajasthan Village", research paper by Vasudhakar Goswamy, Department of [[Sociology]], [[University of Rajasthan]], [[Jaipur]] (1968)</ref> Documentary evidence of these grants is preserved in inscriptions held in the ''Pothikhana'' (royal library) of the City Palace, Jaipur.<ref>''Jaipur-Darshan'', published by the Jaipur Adhai Shati Samaroh Samiti, chief editor Dr Prabhudayal Sharma "Sahridaya", 1978</ref> Mahapura has since been incorporated into the [[Jaipur]] metropolitan area. The descendants of Goswami and his brother, '''Janardan Goswami''', are recorded as having resided in the Amber–Mahapura region.<br />
<br />
After Shivanand Goswami decided to settle in [[Bikaner]], relinquishing his property villages in Jaipur, the jagirs of two villages—Pulasar and Chilkoi—were granted to him by the Bikaner ruler [[Anup Singh (raja)|Anup Singh]] (r. 1669–1698).<ref>''The Biography of Rulers, Nobles, Gentlemen of Bikaner'', vol. III, p. 134, by R. D. Sodhi, Hukum Singh, Extra Assistant Commissioner in Punjab and Vice-Resident of the Regency Council, Bikaner</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:MANUSCRIPT JANARDAN BHATT.jpg|thumb|A page from a 17th-century manuscript by Janardan Goswami]]<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
<br />
Goswami is widely believed to have spent his final years in [[Bikaner]] in the company of [[Anup Singh of Bikaner|Maharaja Anup Singh]].<ref>Bikaner Gazetteer, 1946</ref> The exact place of his death remains uncertain and continues to be a subject of research; various sources alternatively suggest Bikaner, [[Mahapura]], or a location in South India.<ref>संक्षिप्त मोनोग्राफ: ''साक्षीनाट्यशिरोमणि गोस्वामी शिवानंद'', प्रकाश परिमल, स्मृति-प्रकाशन, डी-३९, देवनगर, जयपुर 302018</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]<br />
[[Category:Year of death missing]]<br />
[[Category:Place of death missing]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian male writers]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]<br />
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]<br />
[[Category:Kanchipuram]]<br />
[[Category:People from Bikaner]]<br />
[[Category:People from Kanchipuram district]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Rajputana]]<br />
[[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahdi_Hasan&diff=514940Mahdi Hasan2026-02-08T12:02:38Z<p>DelmarTroiano: added new data...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian neuroscientist (1936–2013)}}<br />
{{similar names|Mehdi Hasan (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Update|date=August 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Mahdi Hasan<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1936|03|21|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar|Akbarpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|01|12|1936|03|21|df=y}}<br />
| image = <br />
| occupation = Anatomist and Neuroscientist<br />
| spouse = Abida Mahdi<br />
| children = 1 <!-- children : "Typically the number of children (e.g., 3); only list names of independently notable or particularly relevant children." --><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Mahdi Hasan''' (21 March 1936 – 12 January 2013) was an [[anatomist]] from Uttar Pradesh, India.<br />
<br />
==Early life ==<br />
Hasan was born on 21 March 1936 in Gadayan, [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar]], Uttar Pradesh, India. His father, Jawad Husain, was a ''[[tehsildar]]'', posted at [[Mohanlalganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mohanlalganj]] in Lucknow district, and his mother was Tayyabunnisa Begun. Hasan's father died when Hasan was four years old, and his mother, being ill, was unable to care for him. He was subsequently raised by his brothers, Mr. Bakhshish Hussain and Mr. Ghulam Hussain, IAS.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Mahdi Hasan – The Lucknow Observer|url=https://lucknowobserver.com/index.php/prof-mahdi-hasan/|access-date=2020-08-24|website=lucknowobserver.com|date=25 January 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
In 1950, Hasan enrolled in the Christian College at Lucknow, where he did his Intermediate. Thereafter, he did his B.Sc. first year from the [[Lucknow University]] and in 1952 he was selected in M.B.B.S. at the [[King George Medical College]]. After graduation, he joined the Department of Anatomy as a demonstrator in the year 1958 and worked till early 1963 while completing his post-graduation as well. He moved to the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh|J.N. Medical College]], [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Aligarh, as an associate professor, where he would spend the bulk of his career.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Hasan spent the majority of his career at the Aligarh Muslim University as a professor. In 1965, he traveled to Germany under the [[German Academic Exchange Service]] (DAAD) programme where he learned [[electron microscopy]] techniques, and studied [[gerontology]] under Paul Glees at the [[University of Göttingen]]. Returning to Aligarh in 1967, Hasan used his knowledge of German language to serve as an external examiner of German language students at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru University]] and Aligarh Muslim University.<br />
<br />
Hasan spent many years trying to establish a Brain Research facility at the Aligarh Muslim University. With assistance received from the German government, he succeeded in establishing the first ''Interdisciplinary Brain Research Centre'' in 1980. The Central Electron Microscope Facility was established in 1984.<br />
<br />
At the J.N. Medical College, [[Aligarh Muslim University]], he was chairman of Department of Anatomy for many years apart from being the dean of the Faculty of Medicine and the medical superintendent, principal, and the chief medical superintendent of the hospital. He also served as the dean of students' welfare of Aligarh Muslim University, besides being the president of cricket and football Clubs. He was also the elected president of the Teaching Staff Association, Anatomical Society of India, Indian Academy of Neurosciences, and Indian Gerontology Association.<br />
<br />
Hasan delivered scores of lectures at various medical institutions such as the Albert Einstein College, NCTR Jefferson, University of Hawaii, and the Universities of Mainz and Göttingen. He was a member of the Expert Committee appointed by the Government of India to draft the National Education Policy for Health Sciences, which was headed by Prof. J.S. Bajaj during the period of 1988–90. In February 2010, he was appointed a member of the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) of the Government of India. He was also an elected Fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]] (India), [[Indian National Science Academy]], and [[The National Academy of Sciences, India]].<ref>[http://archive.nmji.in/archives/Volume-26/Issue-2/Obituary-Mahdi-Hasan.pdf Obituary by Abbas Ali Mahdi]</ref><br />
<br />
Hasan collaborated with colleagues from manifold disciplines like physiology, pharmacology, neurochemistry, pathology, neurology, radiology, otorhinolaryngology, and neurosurgery to study problems of national relevance such as environmental pollution, pesticide [[neurotoxicity]], heavy metal neurotoxicity and hydrocephalus.<br />
<br />
==Achievements==<br />
* Awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award by the [[Government of India]] in the field of medicine in 2012<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/president-confers-padma-awards/article3282415.ece | title=President confers Padma awards | newspaper=The Hindu | date=5 April 2012 | access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref><br />
* Gold Medal Award was instituted by the Anatomical Society of India in 1990 (continues till date).<br />
* An award was instituted by the Indian Academy of Biomedical Sciences in his name in 2014.<br />
* Awarded Dr. B.C. Roy National Award, for being the Eminent Medical Teacher by [[Medical Council of India]] in 1992.<br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
Hasan died on 12 January 2013 at the age of 76 from natural causes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Isha |date=13 January 2013 |title=Padma Shri Prof Mahdi Hasan died at the age of 86. He was admitted to the critical care unit at PGI. – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Padma-Shri-Prof-Mahdi-Hasan-died-at-the-age-of-86-He-was-admitted-to-the-critical-care-unit-at-PGI-/articleshow/18008577.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525033005/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Padma-Shri-Prof-Mahdi-Hasan-died-at-the-age-of-86-He-was-admitted-to-the-critical-care-unit-at-PGI-/articleshow/18008577.cms |archive-date=2021-05-25 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasan, Mahdi}}<br />
[[Category:1936 births]]<br />
[[Category:2013 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University]]<br />
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]<br />
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]<br />
[[Category:Medical doctors from Uttar Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]<br />
[[Category:Indian anatomists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Ambedkar Nagar district]]<br />
[[Category:Indian gerontologists]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamji_Chauhan&diff=534481Shamji Chauhan2026-02-08T00:00:15Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made data!</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br />
<br />
'''Shamji Chauhan''' (born 1960)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chauhan Shamajibhai Bhimajibhai(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- CHOTILA(SURENDRANAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Gujarat2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=5123 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Gujarat]]. He is a member of the [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]] from Chotila Assembly constituency in [[Surendranagar district]]. He won the [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |date=2022-12-08 |title=Chotila Election 2022 Final Results Live: Bjp Candidate Chauhan Shamajibhai Bhimajibhai Wins From Chotila , Details Inside |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/chotila-election-result-2022-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-tally-bjp-congress-aap-gujarat-assembly-election-result-news-1568180 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-10 |title=AAP dents Congress vote share, makes significant gains in ST seats in Gujarat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/aap-dents-congress-vote-share-makes-significant-gains-in-st-seats-8316103/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Chauhan is from [[Rajkot]], Gujarat. Hes is the son of Chauhan Bhimajibhai. He passed Class 11 in 1981 at Shree Vallabhbhai Patel Vidyalaya, Sant Kabir Road, Beri Para, Rajkot.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
Chauhan won from [[Chotila Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election. He polled 71,039 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Raju Karpada of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], by a margin of 25,642 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0663.htm?ac=63 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131164457/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0663.htm?ac=63 |archive-date=2023-01-31 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election]]. In 2012, he polled 72,11 votes and defeated [[Devjibhai Govindbhai Fatepara]] of the Indian National Congress, by a margin of 11,792 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chotila Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Chauhan Shamajibhai Bhimajibhai Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/elections/chotila-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-6562855.html |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Shamji}}<br />
[[Category:1960 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017]]<br />
[[Category:Gujarat MLAs 2022–2027]]<br />
[[Category:People from Rajkot]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lilabari_Airport&diff=457352Lilabari Airport2026-01-31T05:44:31Z<p>DelmarTroiano: minor cleanup</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Airport in Lakhimpur district, Assam, India}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}<br />
{{Infobox airport<br />
| name = Lilabari Airport<br />
| image = Lilabari Airport Lakhimpur.jpg<br />
| image-width = 250px<br />
| caption = <br />
| IATA = IXI<br />
| ICAO = VELR<br />
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India<br />
| pushpin_label= '''IXI'''<br />
| type = Public<br />
| owner =<br />
| operator = [[Airports Authority of India]]<br />
| city-served = [[North Lakhimpur]]<br />
| location = Lilabari, North Lakhimpur, [[Assam]], [[India]] <br />
| elevation-f = 330<br />
| elevation-m = 101<br />
| coordinates = {{Coord|27|17|44|N|094|05|52|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}}<br />
| website = [https://indiaairport.com/states/assam/lilabari_airport.htm Lilabari Airport]<br />
| metric-elev =<br />
| metric-rwy =<br />
| r1-number = 04/22<br />
| r1-length-f = 7,500<br />
| r1-length-m = 2,286<br />
| r1-surface = [[Concrete]]/[[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]<br />
| stat-year = April 2024 - March 2025<br />
| stat1-header = Passengers<br />
| stat1-data = 30,108 ({{decrease}} 16.8%)<br />
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements<br />
| stat2-data = 719 ({{decrease}} 41.7%)<br />
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage<br />
| stat3-data = -<br />
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Lilabari Airport''' {{Airport codes|IXI|VELR}}, also known as '''North Lakhimpur Airport''', is a [[domestic airport]] serving the city of [[North Lakhimpur]] in [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is located at Lilabari, {{cvt|8|km}} north from the city centre.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Lilabari airport project in Lakhimpur began following hectic campaigning and lobbying by local Member of Parliament (MP), Dr Ranee Narah from 1999 to 2003.<ref name="N Lakhimpur upbeat over increased flights">{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=may2511/state06 |title=N Lakhimpur upbeat over increased flights |publisher=Assam Tribune |access-date=8 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530024052/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=may2511%2Fstate06 |archive-date=30 May 2011 }}</ref> Construction of the airport had finished by 2003, and the terminal was inaugurated by then Union Civil Aviation Minister [[Syed Shahnawaz Hussain]].<ref name="N Lakhimpur upbeat over increased flights"/><ref name="Lilabari Airport">{{cite web|url=http://lakhimpur.nic.in/airport.htm|title=Lilabari Airport|publisher=lakhimpur.nic.in|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221805/http://lakhimpur.nic.in/airport.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lilabari Airfield has a little-known but significant history as a forward operating base for the Indian Air Force. During the 1962 Sino-Indian War and in the decades that followed, the IAF used the airfield for airlift, surveillance, and logistical support in the Northeast frontier. Its proximity to strategic regions made it a quiet but vital asset, particularly during operations in Arunachal Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Anchit |title=Wings Over Lilabari: IAF’s Historic Links to Assam’s Airfield |url=https://iafhistory.in/2023/04/09/wings-over-lilabari-iafs-historic-links-to-assams-airfield/ |website=IAFHistory |date=9 April 2023 |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Current status==<br />
* The airport is equipped with a night landing facility, and the runway is being modified to operate larger aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/assam-lilabari-airport-to-get-country-s-4th-aviation-hub|title=Assam: Lilabari Airport to Get Country's 4th Aviation Hub}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Airlines and destinations==<br />
<!-- Please use only independent sources. The airport and airlines itself are not independent sources. --><br />
{{Airport-dest-list<br />
|{{nowrap|[[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]}}| [[Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport|Guwahati]], [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]], [[Shillong Airport|Shillong]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Three new flights connecting Assam, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram launched; check schedule|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/three-new-flights-connecting-assam-arunachal-meghalaya-manipur-mizoram-launched-check-schedule/ar-AA13xvZQ|work=Times Now|date=30 October 2022|access-date=30 October 2022|language=en}}</ref> [[Tezpur Airport|Tezpur]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Three new flights connecting Assam, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram launched; check schedule|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/three-new-flights-connecting-assam-arunachal-meghalaya-manipur-mizoram-launched-check-schedule/ar-AA13xvZQ|work=Times Now|date=30 October 2022|access-date=30 October 2022|language=en}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Statistics==<br />
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=IXI}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Dibrugarh Airport]]<br />
* [[Rupsi Airport]]<br />
* [[Silchar Airport]]<br />
* [[Tezpur Airport]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
{{commons-inline}}<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150104024200/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/northlakhimpur.jsp Lilabari Airport at the AAI]<br />
<br />
{{Airports in India}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:North Lakhimpur]]<br />
[[Category:Airports in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Airports established in 2003]]<br />
[[Category:2003 establishments in Assam]]<br />
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tribhanga&diff=541851Tribhanga2026-01-29T10:37:04Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made a info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Body position in traditional Indian art and dance}}<br />
{{About||the 2021 film|Tribhanga (film)}}<br />
[[File:Bhutesvara Yakshis Mathura reliefs 2nd century CE front.jpg|thumb|[[Bhutesvara Yakshis]] (2nd century CE), [[Mathura art]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Tribhaṅga''' or '''Tribunga''' is a standing body position or [[Human positions|stance]] used in traditional [[Indian art]] and [[Indian classical dance]] forms like the [[Odissi dance|Odissi]], where the body bends in one direction at the knees, the other direction at the hips and then the other again at the shoulders and neck.<ref>[https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300343930 "Tribhanga"], Getty Research, ''Art & Architecture Thesaurus''</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Varma|first=K. M. |title=Myth of the so-called "tribhaṅga" as a "pose", or, The nature and number of bhaṅgas|year=1983|publisher=Proddu|page=15}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Sculpted both sides (ardhnarishvara).JPG|thumb|[[Ardhanarishvara]], the composite deity of [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]]. As in other images of this form, the tribhanga is accentuated by the gender differences at hip and shoulders.]]<br />
The pose goes back at least 2,000 years in Indian art, and has been highly characteristic for much of this period, "found repeated over and over again in countless examples of [[Indian sculpture]] and painting".<ref>Rowland, 162</ref> [[Indian religions]] carried it to East and South-East Asia. Like the equivalent [[contrapposto]] and [[S Curve (art)|"S Curve"]] poses in Western art, it suggests movement in figures and gives "rhythmic fluidity and ... youthful energy".<ref>Berkson, 130</ref><br />
<br />
The word derives from [[Sanskrit]], where ''bhanga'' (or ''bhangha'') is the word for an attitude or position, with ''tri'' meaning "triple", making "triple-bend position". Other poses described in old texts on dance were ''samabhanga'' for the "figure in equipoise", whether standing, sitting or reclining, and ''abhanga'' for a slight bend in one leg giving a smaller curve to the figure. Other more complex positions in dance are ''atibhanga'';<ref>Berkson, 121</ref> the famous Shiva [[Nataraja]] figures are examples of this.<ref>Anand, Mulk Raj, ''The Hindu View of Art'', 2019 (reprint), Routledge, {{ISBN|0429627521}}, 9780429627521114, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SQWSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT114 google books]</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The history of the stance is often said to reach back to the famous [[Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)|''Dancing Girl'']] from [[Mohenjo-Daro]], of about c. 2300–1750 BCE,<ref>Chakraborty, Swati, ''Socio-religious and cultural study of the ancient Indian coins'', 324, 1986, B.R. Pub. Corp.; Harle, 17 for date</ref> although this does not exactly show the usual later form. It may well derive from dance before art,<ref>Rowland, 158; Berkson, 121–122</ref> but the remaining record in early art is more clear. The earliest versions are nearly all in female figures, but it gradually spread to males. Versions of the stance can be seen in (Buddhist) [[yakshi]] at [[Bharhut]], c. 100 BCE, and the classical form of the stance at [[Sanchi]], around 10 CE,<ref>Craven, 70</ref> and the [[Bhutesvara Yakshis]] (2nd century CE).<br />
<br />
The pose is used on many coins of the [[Gupta Empire]] (c. 319 to 543 CE), by both the kings on the [[obverse]] and the deities on the reverse, and in [[Gupta art|Gupta sculpture]].<ref>Craven, 118</ref> During this period it became very common in both Buddhist and Hindu art (as well as [[Jain art]]).<ref>Berkson, 133–137</ref> The most famous ancient Indian painting, the large figure of [[Padmapani]] in Cave 1 at the [[Ajanta Caves]] (c. 478) has the pose,<ref>Craven, 125</ref> which remains common in [[bodhisattva]] figures.<br />
<br />
The style of the stance changes somewhat over the centuries, and between different regions inside and outside India, as it was carried abroad, mainly to the east and south-east, in the art of both major religions. To simplify considerably, the earlier depictions in [[Gupta art]] and Post-Gupta art show major figures in mildly-bent stances, with more pronounced poses in minor figures and especially female ones such as [[apsara]]s and [[yakshini]].<br />
<br />
By perhaps the 9th century the stronger version of the stance spreads to most types of figures, and becomes even more marked. This tendency begins to reduce from about the 13th century. The [[Buddha]] only ever has a slight ''tribhanga'' stance and the [[Jain]] [[tirthankara]]s are almost never depicted in the pose. [[Vishnu]] and [[Brahma]] also only usually have slight versions of the stance; the famous temples of [[Khajuraho]], which provide a profusion of tribhanga poses, include examples for both of them.<ref>Masson-Ousel, 380–383; [[:File:24.Khajuraho Kandariya Brahma (cropped).jpg|Brahma at Khajuraho]]</ref> [[Krishna]] playing his flute is very consistently depicted in a version of the pose with one lower leg crossed over (or behind) the other and on tip-toe, and he and Shiva are more often given stronger versions of the stance.<br />
<br />
In the Buddhist and Hindu art of [[East Asia]] and [[South-East Asia]], the stance tends to be a mark of recent Indian influence in early periods, and figures, especially major ones, then gradually straighten as time passes.<ref>Masson-Ousel, 382–383; Rowland, 427</ref> In all areas this tendency may not apply to figures actually shown as dancing.<br />
<br />
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"><br />
File:Dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro.jpg|[[Dancing Girl (prehistoric sculpture)|''Dancing Girl'']] from [[Mohenjo-Daro]], c. 2300–1750 BCE<br />
File:CunninghamBharhut.jpg|Buddhist [[yakshi]] at [[Bharhut]], c. 100 BCE<br />
File:Krishna Govardhana. Bharat Kala Bhavan, ni03-24.jpg|[[Gupta art|Gupta]] [[Krishna]] lifting Mount Govardhana, 4th to 6th century<br />
File:Bodhisattva Padmapani, Ajanta, cave 1, India.jpg|[[Bodhisattva]] [[Padmapani]], [[Ajanta Caves]], cave 1, late 5th century<br />
File:Northwestern India, possibly Tanesara Mahadeva, Gupta period - Plate with a Scene of Revelry - 1972.71 - Cleveland Museum of Art (cropped).tif|Tribhanga poses in a scene of people celebrating a festival, a rare example of secular [[Gupta art]] <br />
File:Beeld van Guanyin, AK-MAK-78 (cropped).jpg|Chinese [[gilt-bronze]] [[Guanyin]], [[Tang dynasty]]<br />
File:Tara Borobudur 1.jpg|Tara at [[Borobudur]], [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], 9th century.<br />
File:Plaosan Bodhisattva 01.jpg|Bodhisattva, [[Plaosan]] Buddhist temple, Central Java, 9th century.<br />
File:WLA vanda The Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara.jpg|The "[[Sanchi]] Torso", c. 900, one of a pair of bodhisattvas flanking a Buddha statue.<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-sanchi-torso/ "The Sanchi Torso"], [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]</ref><br />
File:Tribhanga.jpg|[[Vishnu]] at Khajuraho<br />
File:Mohini 01.JPG|[[Mohini]], 12th century, [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukya dynasty]], showing extreme tribhanga<br />
File:White avalokiteshvara.jpg|White [[Avalokiteshvara]] from [[Nepal]], 14th century<br />
File:Flöte spielender Gott Krishna Museum Rietberg RVI 530.jpg|Bronze [[Krishna]] playing flute, [[Odisha]], c. 1800 <br />
File:12th-century sculpture at Belur Hindu temple, sculpture showing nude woman with a scorpion below.jpg|[[Salabhanjika]], [[Belur, Karnataka]], 12th century<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==In art==<br />
Like many other poses used in traditional Indian dance, including [[Odissi dance|Odissi]], [[Bharata Natyam]] and [[Kathak]], Tribhangi or Tribhanga can be found in [[Indian sculpture]] as well. Traditionally the [[Yakshi]] is shown with her hand touching a tree branch, and a sinuous pose, ''tribhanga'' pose, as is ''[[Salabhanjika]]'', whose examples dating to the 12th century can be found in the [[Hoysala]] temples of [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]], in south-central [[Karnataka]] and the [[Khajuraho]] temples built around 9th century CE, where [[Vishnu]] is depicted at various places in this position which is commonly reserved for [[Krishna]], playing the flute.<ref name="hi">{{cite book|last=Sehgal|first=Sunil |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: (H - Q)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wNQ82_yYeK8C&dq=Tribhanga&pg=PA868|year=1999|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=81-7625-064-3|page=868}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Deva|first=Krishna |title=Temples of Khajuraho, (Volume 1) Issue 5 of Architectural survey of temples|year=1990|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|page=205}}</ref> The [[Āgama (Hinduism)|Agamic texts]] suggest that [[Shiva]] sculptures are to be made in ''tribhanga'' posture facing the east as seen in temple dating 8th-12th centuries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kalia|first=Asha |title=Art of Osian temples: socio-economic and religious life in India, 8th-12th centuries A.D|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3n-sycLo3XQC&dq=Tribhanga&pg=RA1-PA95|year=1992|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=0-391-02558-9|page=95}}</ref><br />
<br />
The central deity at the [[Simhachalam]] temple near [[Visakhapatnam]], the lion-man incarnation of Lord Mahavishnu is in the ''tribhanga'' posture. In the back it carries an inscription dating it 1098, the period of the [[Chola]] King Kuloththunga. The Tirumala Rama Idol at the famous [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] is also in the same posture.<ref name = 'Tirumalatemple'>{{cite book |author=Dr N Ramesan|title=The Tirumala Temple |year=1981 |publisher=[[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]]|location=[[Tirumala]]}}</ref> This style has also travels with Indian influence as in China where some sculptures at the [[Maijishan Grottoes]] built in the Later Qin era (384-417 CE). Some [[Buddha images in Thailand]] are also in the ''tribhanga'' (leaning) position and so are some of [[Boddhisattva]] in the ancient [[Yakushi-ji]] Buddhist temples in Nara, [[Japan]], built in 680 CE, the [[Hakuhō period]]. Takkolam pallava period Shiva temple ''Durga'' also in Tribhanga style is best example is in Tamil Nadu.<br />
<br />
As compared with the similar European [[contrapposto]] and [[S Curve (art)|"S Curve"]] poses, the ''Tribhanga'', literally meaning three parts break, consists of three bends in the body; at the neck, waist and knee, hence the body is oppositely curved at waist and neck which gives it a gentle "'''S'''" shape <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html|title=Glossary of Indian Art|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101092351/http://art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html|archivedate=2010-01-01}}</ref> It has been closely associated with the Hindu deity [[Krishna]] who is often portrayed in this posture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dasa|first=Hayagriva |title=The Hare Krishna explosion: the birth of Krishna consciousness in America, 1966-1969|year=1985|publisher=Palace Press|page=162}}</ref><br />
<br />
==In dance==<br />
It is considered the most graceful and [[sensual]] of the [[Odissi dance|Odissi]] positions,<ref>{{cite book|last=Harding|first=Paul |author2=Patrick Horton |author3=Janine Eberle |author4=Amy Karafin |author5=Simon Richmond |title=South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1pEckKuKbLoC&dq=Tribunga&pg=PA65|year=2005|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=1-74104-165-1|page=65}}</ref> and used in many other classical Indian dance forms. The [[Indian classical dance]] of [[Odissi dance|Odissi]] is characterized by various ''Bhangas'' or stance, which involves stamping of the foot and striking various postures, four in number, namely ''Bhanga'', ''Abanga'', ''Atibhanga'', and ''Tribhanga'' being the most common of all.<ref name="hi"/> The [[Sanskrit]] term ''Tribhanga'' means ''Three Bhanga'' and according to K. M. Varma the term ''Tribhanga'' was in the original ''[[Shilpa Shastras]]'' literature not the name of a particular standing position but used, contrary to the modern usage in [[art history]], to describe the group of the "Three Bhangas", namely ''Abhanga'', ''Samabhanga'', and ''Atibhanga''.<ref>Cf. Varma, K. M. Myth of the So-called 'Tribhanga' as a 'Pose'. (Santiniketan, 1983).</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Govardhana-Mola-Ram1.jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.5|[[Krishna]] upholding the [[Govardhan]] mountain in the ''Tribhunga'' stance]]<br />
<br />
== Citations ==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== General and cited references ==<br />
* Berkson, Carmel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hVZr_XKQBegC&pg=PA121 ''The Life of Form in Indian Sculpture''], 2000, Abhinav Publications, {{ISBN|8170173760}}<br />
* [[Roy C. Craven|Craven, Roy C.]] ''Indian Art: A Concise History'', 1987, Thames & Hudson (Praeger in USA), {{ISBN|0500201463}} <br />
* Harle, J.C., ''The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent'', 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, {{ISBN|0300062176}} <br />
* Masson-Ousel, P., Stern, P., Willman-Grabowska, H., ''Ancient India and Indian Civilization'', 2013 (reprint), Routledge, {{ISBN|1136200657}}, 9781136200656, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sQ5UAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA383 google books]<br />
* Rowland, Benjamin, ''The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain'', 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin, {{ISBN|0140561021}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{Commonscat-inline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Odissi]]<br />
[[Category:Mudras]]<br />
[[Category:Indian art]]<br />
[[Category:Buddhist iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Hindu iconography]]<br />
[[Category:Dances of India]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halitha_Shameem&diff=456298Halitha Shameem2026-01-27T13:10:16Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Indian director and screenwriter}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Halitha Shameem<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| birth_date = 12 September<br />
| birth_place = [[Dharapuram]], [[Tirupur District|Tirupur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]<br />
| occupation = [[Film director]]<br />[[Screenwriter]]<br />[[Film Editing]]<br />
| years_active = 2014–present<br />
| children = <br />
}}<br />
'''Halitha Shameem''' is an [[Indian film]] director, screenwriter, and editor who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema]].<ref>{{cite web |title=All you want to know about #HalithaShameem |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/halitha-shameem.html |website=FilmiBeat |accessdate=18 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
<br />
After assisting in movies such as ''[[Oram Po]]'' (2007), she debuted as a director with ''[[Poovarasam Peepee]]'' in 2014.<ref>{{cite news |title='I love doing films with big stars, but I love introducing new talents more' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/i-love-doing-films-with-big-stars-but-i-love-introducing-new-talents-more/articleshow/73929687.cms |website=The Times of India |accessdate=18 February 2020 |language=en |last1=Venkatramesh |first1=Sidharthan }}</ref> After a gap of more than 5 years, she then directed the critically and commercially successful [[anthology film|anthology]] film ''[[Sillu Karupatti]]'' (2019) and ''[[Aelay]]'' (2021) which is available on [[Netflix]].<br />
<br />
She directed the first half of her upcoming film [[Minmini (2024 film)|''Minmini'']] in 2015 and the second half in 2022 with the same actors as it requires different age groups of the artists. Instead of using different actors for different age groups, she waited for 7 years for the actors to grown up and filmed with the same actors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2024|title=Director Halitha Shameem at Minmini audio launch: 'Khatija Rahman is a pure soul, and it reflected in her music'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-halitha-shameem-at-minmini-audio-launch-khatija-rahman-is-a-pure-soul-and-it-reflected-in-her-music-9472982/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731075147/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/director-halitha-shameem-at-minmini-audio-launch-khatija-rahman-is-a-pure-soul-and-it-reflected-in-her-music-9472982/|archive-date=31 July 2024|access-date=27 January 2026|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Filmography==<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable"<br />
! Year<br />
! Film<br />
! Director<br />
! Screenwriter<br />
! Language<br />
! Notes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|2014 || ''[[Poovarasam Peepee]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || rowspan="6" |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||<br />
|-<br />
|2019 || ''[[Sillu Karupatti]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || All segments<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jfwonline.com/awards2020.html|title = JFW Movie Awards 2020 &#124; Click to Vote}}</ref><ref name="jfwonline">{{cite web|url=https://jfwonline.com/article/jyothika-aishwarya-rajesh-manju-warrier-and-more-here-is-the-complete-winners-list-of-jfw-movie-awards-2020/|title=Jyothika, Aishwarya Rajesh, Manju Warrier and More! Here is The Complete Winners List of JFW Movie Awards 2020! &#124; JFW Just for women|website=jfwonline.com|accessdate=3 September 2020}}</ref><br />
|-<br />
|2021 || ''[[Aelay]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || Television film<br />
|-<br />
|2022 || ''[[Putham Pudhu Kaalai Vidiyaadhaa]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || Segment: ''Loners''<br />
|-<br />
|2024 || ''[[Minmini (2024 film)|Minmini]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||Also lyricist<br />
|- <br />
|2025 || ''[[Good Wife (TV series)|Good Wife]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||Web Series <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shameem, Halitha}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Artists from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]<br />
[[Category:Indian women screenwriters]]<br />
[[Category:Film directors from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]<br />
[[Category:Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]<br />
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-film-director-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bumzuva_Cave_and_Temple&diff=492519Bumzuva Cave and Temple2026-01-18T23:59:18Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made the place added tags</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Hindu temple<br />
|name=Bumzuva Cave and Temple<br />
|elevation_m=<br />
|creator=<br />
|year_completed=12th Century<br />
|inscriptions=<br />
|monument_quantity=<br />
|temple_quantity=<br />
|architecture=<br />
|festivals=<br />
|deity=[[Shiva]]<br />
|location=Village of Bumazuv<br />
|image=Bumzuva_Cave.JPG<br />
|caption= Bumzuva_Cave<br />
|district=[[Anantnag district|Anantnag]]<br />
|state=[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
|country=[[India]]<br />
|native_name=<br />
|coordinates={{Coord|format=dms|display=it}}<br />
|map_caption=Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India<br />
|map_type= India Jammu and Kashmir#India<br />
|map_relief = y <br />
|alt=<br />
|website=<br />
| mapframe = yes<br />
| mapframe-wikidata = yes<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Bumzuva cave and temple''' are a group of [[Hindu temple]]s and man-made caves in the village of Bumazuv<ref>[https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/36364 Village of Bumazuv (exterior, view of roadside shrine, 1983)] MIT Libraries. Rita Sampat, Courtesy of the Aga Khan Visual Archive.</ref> in the [[Lidder Valley]] of [[Anantnag district]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
Located a mile to the north of Bavan sacred springs, the cave is carved out of limestone cliff. Overlooking the beautiful Lidar valley carved out of large masses of limestone cliffs, the Bumzuva caves blanket the small village of Bumzuva, located only a mile north of the sacred springs of Bavan, the caves attract many for their delicate architectural work. Believed to have been built in the 12th century, the caves encompass a Shiva Temple, where lord Shiva is enshrined as Shivalinga. The Facade of the gateway to the temple is a work of stone masonry, consisting of a single trifold arched doorway, covered by side walls. The caves are full of floral scrolls of precise handiwork with rows of rosettes and figures of dancing dwarfs adorning the walls.<br />
<br />
At the foot of the caves, are two temples which have been converted into Muslim Ziarats. The larger of the two is named as the Ziarat of Baba Bandin Sahib, a disciple of the famous Muslim saint of Kashmir, Shaikh Nuruddin. Overlapping stones cover the ceiling with a full bloomed lotus to his adorning the uppermost stone. Maintained by the Archaeological survey of India, the caves have been part of the rich heritage of both Hinduism & Islam, where the people of both religions have peacefully preached their faith.<br />
<br />
One of the caves has a [[Shiva]] temple enshrined.<ref>[https://www.radiochinar.in/bumzuva-caves-a-symbol-of-peaceful-co-existence/ Bumzuva Caves : A symbol of peaceful coexistence] Radio Chinar</ref> This temple has a trefoil arched doorway. The temple is believed to have been built in the twelfth century A.D. The length of the cave is approximately 5 by 10 meters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bumzuva Cave Temple|url=https://travelthehimalayas.com/bumzuva-cave-temple|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Travel The Himalayas|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Temples of Jammu & Kashmir (JK)|url=https://shaivam.org/temples-of-lord-shiva/jammu-kashmir-temples|access-date=2020-10-12|website=shaivam.org}}</ref> It is maintained by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bumzuva Cave and Temple photos|url=http://www.asiegov.gov.in/gallery/inner/96|access-date=2020-10-12|website=Archeological Survey of India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Caves of Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
<br />
{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}<br />
{{Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kashmir_(1814)&diff=490146Battle of Kashmir (1814)2026-01-16T00:26:16Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made a pg</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Failed Sikh expedition to Kashmir}}<br />
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br />
{{Infobox military conflict<br />
| conflict = Kashmir expedition (1814)<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| place = [[Kashmir]]<br />
| partof = [[Afghan–Sikh Wars]]<br />
| date = March 1814 – August 1814<br />
| result = Afghan victory<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwFDAAAAYAAJ |title=History of the Sikhs: The Sikh Lion of Lahore, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1799-1839 |date=1991 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0515-4 |language=en|page=124-126}}</ref><br />
| combatant1 = [[Durrani Empire|Afghan Empire]]<br>[[Poonch (town)|Poonch]]<br>[[Rajouri]]<br />
| combatant2 = [[Sikh Empire]]<br />
| commander1 = [[Azim Khan]]<br>[[Ruhullah Khan of Poonch|Ruhullah Khan]]<br>[[Raja Aghar Khan]]<br />
| commander2 = [[Ranjit Singh]]<br>[[Diwan Ram Dayal|Ram Dayal]]<br>[[Hari Singh Nalwa]]<br />
| strength1 = Unknown<br />
| strength2 = 30,000 under Ram Dayal{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=124-125}}<br />
| casualties1 = Unknown<br />
| casualties2 = Heavy<br />
}}<br />
{{Campaignbox Afghan-Sikh Wars}}<br />
The '''Battle of Kashmir''' took place in 1814 after the [[Battle of Attock (1813)|battle of Attock]]. [[Ranjit Singh]] began planning to invade Kashmir, leading to the Sikh invasion led by [[Hari Singh Nalwa]] and Ram Dayal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Siṅgha |first=Bhagata |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVduAAAAMAAJ |title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times |date=1990 |publisher=Sehgal Publishers Service |isbn=978-81-85477-01-5 |pages=83 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=115}}<br />
<br />
Sikh forces entered the valley led by Ranjit Singh, [[Diwan Ram Dayal|Ram Dayal]], and Hari Singh Nalwa. As they progressed into [[Kashmir]], they faced exceeding difficulties with local rulers, the terrain, and heavy rains. [[Guerrilla warfare|Guerilla attacks]] also plagued the Sikh armies rear, with desertion rampant and the plundering of the Sikh camp. Finding Azim Khan firmly entrenched in the Tosa Maidan pass, Ranjit Singh ordered a complete withdrawal of the expedition.<br />
<br />
Kashmir remained under Afghan control until the [[battle of Shopian]] in 1819.<br />
<br />
== Background ==<br />
Ranjit Singh established ambitions over conquering Kashmir as early as 1799 following the withdrawal of [[Zaman Shah Durrani]] after his invasions in the [[Punjab]]. Ranjit Singh mustered his forces under Sahib Singh Bhangi, but the force did not advance farther than [[Bhimber]], as Ranjit Singh thought to consolidate his position in [[Lahore]] first rather than face retaliation.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=121}}<br />
<br />
In 1808, Ranjit Singh expanded his ambitions once again and deployed spies on the road to Kashmir, and began encroaching on it by subjugating Bhimber in 1811, and [[Rajouri]] in 1812. The Afghan governor of Kashmir at the time was Ata Muhammad Khan.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=121}}<br />
<br />
[[Fateh Khan Barakzai]], the Afghan [[List of Durrani Wazirs|Wazir]], wished to depose Ata Muhammad Khan from his governorship due to his previous aid towards [[Shah Shuja Durrani]], as well as he had never gave tribute to the government. The vast riches of the region also attracted Fateh Khan, leading to him creating an alliance with the Sikhs in case they attempted to cut off his forces while he campaigned in Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Jonathan L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asR9DwAAQBAJ |title=Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present |date=2022-03-08 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1-78914-019-4 |language=en|page=176}}</ref> Ranjit Singh also wished for his soldiers to accompany this expedition to acclimatize towards the harsh climate, and to secure the release of [[Shah Shuja Durrani]] and to take the [[Koh-i-Noor]] diamond from him.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=121-122}}<br />
<br />
A treaty was thus made at [[Rohtas Fort|Rohtas]] on 1 December 1812, where Ranjit Singh offered 12,000 men under [[Dewan Mokham Chand]].{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=122}}<br />
<br />
At [[Rajouri]], both Afghan and Sikh armies met. They then proceeded towards Kashmir. Difficulties with snowfall, and enmity with the Sikhs saw the Afghans leave the Sikh force behind and instead advance forward by forced marches. Mohkam Chand, the commander of the Sikh forces, found a route that led quicker to [[Srinagar]] and arrived there. Kashmir was then captured by the Afghan-Sikh forces, but remained under Afghan control with [[Fateh Khan Barakzai]].{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=123}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. Brahma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psTeAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background |date=1990 |publisher=Lancer International |isbn=978-81-7062-091-4 |language=en|page=3}}</ref> Fateh Khan later awarded the government of Kashmir to his brother, [[Azim Khan]].{{sfn|Chhabra|2005|p=115}}<br />
<br />
After the [[Battle of Attock (1813)|battle of Attock]], Ranjit Singh's ambitions over Attock continued despite the combined Afghan-Sikh expedition. Having forced to submission much of the hill states south of the [[Pir Panjal Range]], including the states of [[Akhnoor]], [[Bhimber]], [[Rajouri]], and [[Poonch (town)|Poonch]].{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=124}}<br />
<br />
In preparations for a campaign to Kashmir, Ranjit Singh inspected his troops before returning to Lahore in December 1813.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=124}}<br />
<br />
== Expedition ==<br />
In March 1814, Ranjit Singh mobilized his armies and began advancing on Kashmir. Sikh forces reached Bhimber in June 1814, and Rajouri following it. The chief of Rajouri, [[Raja Aghar Khan]], misled the Sikhs, having them leave all their heavy cannons at Rajouri, while only light guns accompanied the Sikhs. The Sikh army split into two, with one contingent of 30,000 men led by [[Diwan Ram Dayal|Ram Dayal]] alongside [[Khushal Singh Jamadar]] and [[Hari Singh Nalwa]]. The contingent under Ram Dayal was ordered to march to the [[Pir Panjal Pass]], while Ranjit Singh led his own contingent to march on the [[Tosa Maidan]].{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=124-125}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ram |first=Kirpa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FcUBAAAAMAAJ&q=Kashmir+expedition+1814 |title=Gulabnama of Diwan Kirpa Ram: A History of Maharaja Gulab Singh of Jammu & Kashmir |date=1977 |publisher=Light & Life Publishers |language=en|page=66}}</ref><br />
<br />
The force under Ranjit Singh continued onto Poonch, and then beyond Rajauri on 16 June 1814. Mazhar Ali then sent artillery pieces to the Tosa Maidan pass, but his route was blocked by the Ruhullah Khan, ruler of Poonch. In a skirmish, around 500 men were killed and wounded on both sides. Aghar Khan joined Ruhullah Khan, and spread rumors that the Sikhs had been defeated. As the local population heard this, they began plundering the Sikh army. The Sikh forces lost much of their equipment, including 2,000 guns and 2,000 swords. With this, the two chiefs began harassing Sikh forces with their armies. {{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=125}}<br />
<br />
Towards the end of June, Ranjit Singh arrived in Poonch only to find the town entirely empty and deserted. Supplies continued to diminish, and on 2 July 1814, it was reported to Ranjit Singh by [[Fateh Singh Ahluwalia]] and Jodh Singh of Kalsia that the Sikh forces depleting due to starvation. Sujan Rae Adalti and his contingent of 4,000 men deserted in desperate need of food, returning to the Punjab on 5 July. To further worsen the situation, Ruhullah Khan ordered the destruction of all food materials in nearby towns, and to desert towns. He also encouraged resistance by guerilla attacks on the flanks or rears of the Sikh armies.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=125}}<br />
<br />
This caused further delays in the Sikh army. On 18 July, the Sikhs arrived at Tosa Maidan. However, Ranjit Singh was opposed by Ruhullah Khan, who opened numerous battles with the Sikhs on 29 and 30 July and compelled Ranjit Singh to retreat to Mandi with the loss of many men. Rain also continued to hamper both sides.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasrat |first=Bikrama Jit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPgdAAAAMAAJ |title=Life and Times of Ranjit Singh: A Saga of Benevolent Despotism |date=1977 |publisher=V.V. Research Institute Book Agency |language=en|page=102}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3OJherlbu30C |title=The Sikh Review |date=2000 |publisher=Sikh Cultural Centre |language=en|page=14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prinsep |first=Henry Thoby |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2yO3iqjEdOcC&pg=RA2-PA24&dq=Rooh+ullah&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwicuIn63dqOAxV_9AIHHcmXGjIQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=History of the Punjab, and of the Rise, Progress & Present Condition of the Sect and Nation of the Sikhs |date=1846 |publisher=W. H. Allen |language=en}}</ref> On 5 August, the Sikh forces arrived at Sandha, and after advancing forward, Ranjit Singh found that his guns could not pass a stream. To his further annoyance, he found [[Azim Khan]] firmly entrenched in the defenses of the Tosa Maidan pass.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=126}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OzZzFm4pLWQC&q=kashmir+1814+ranjit+singh |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India |date=2005 |publisher=Lotus Press |isbn=978-81-89093-07-5 |language=en|page=115}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=S. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYQnAQAAIAAJ&q=Kashmir+expedition+1814 |title=Peasants and Monks in British India |date=2008 |publisher=Alfa Publications |isbn=978-81-89913-97-7 |language=en|page=196}}</ref><br />
<br />
With all the factors weighing in, Ranjit Singh ordered a complete retreat, dispatching 5,000 men to reinforce Ram Dayal under Bhayya Ram Singh. Mit Singh Bharania was killed by enemy fire sometime during this expedition, and the Sikh armies retreated to Lahore. Much of their luggage accompanying the expedition was plundered, and Ranjit Singh returned to Lahore in August 1814.{{sfn|Gupta|1991|p=126}}<br />
<br />
The expedition was considered a miserable failure.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CA9DAAAAYAAJ |title=The Panjab Past and Present |date=1989 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. |language=en|page=78}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Aftermath ==<br />
Kashmir remained part of the Durrani Empire until 1819 when it was finally [[Battle of Shopian|conquered by the Sikhs]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Rajendra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6D0sAAAAIAAJ |title=Military Leadership in India: Vedic Period to Indo-Pak Wars |date=1990 |publisher=Lancers Books |isbn=978-81-7095-018-9 |pages=221 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts in 1814]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikh Empire|Kashmir]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving Afghanistan|Attock]]<br />
[[Category:Battles involving the Durrani Empire]]<br />
[[Category:1814 in India]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dahibara_Aloodum&diff=495330Dahibara Aloodum2026-01-03T04:49:38Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian street food}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox food<br />
| name = Dahibara Aloodum<br />
| image = File:Dahibara Aludam.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| caption = Dahibara AlooDum<br />
| alternate_name = <br />
| country = [[Indian subcontinent]]<br />
| region = [[Cuttack]], [[Odisha]] <br />
| creator = <br />
| type = [[Chaat]]<br />
| served = <br />
| main_ingredient = [[Vada (food)|Vada]], [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt), Potato Curry and Pea Curry<br />
}}<br />
'''Dahibara Aloodum''' ({{Langx|or|ଦହିବରା ଆଳୁଦମ}}; {{IPA|or|d̪ɔhibɔɾa aɭud̪ɔm|lang}}) is a popular street food originating from [[Cuttack]] of the state [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://blog.delhifoodwalks.com/cuttack-land-of-aloo-dum-dahi-bara/.htm | title = Cttack- Land of Aloo Dum Dahi Bara | publisher = Delhifoodwalks.com, 18 April 2018 | accessdate = 2018-04-18 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is a variant of [[Dahi vada]]. The dish is prepared by soaking [[vada (food)|vada]]s (fried flour balls) in light [[Dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) water which is tempered with mustard seeds and curry leaves. Then adding Aludum (potato curry) and [[Ghugni|Ghuguni]] (pea curry) to it, topped with an assortment of spices, onions, and coriander.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indrani-will-teach.com/recipe/oriya-dahi-vada-aloo-dum-ghugni-recipe.html<br />
|title = Odia Dahibara Aludam ghugni recipe | publisher = indrani-wii-teach.com, 28 June 2018 | accessdate = 2018-06-18 }}</ref> <br />
<br />
The dish is widely enjoyed across the state, particularly in the cities of [[Cuttack]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Puri]], [[Sambalpur]], [[Rourkela]] and [[Berhampur]].<br />
<br />
==History and Origin==<br />
Dahibara has been a part of Odia cuisine for centuries, traditionally consumed as a light, fermented dish with probiotic benefits. The combination of '''Dahibara''' and '''Aloodum''' is believed to have originated in Bidanasi (Old Cuttack), where street vendors near [[Barabati Fort]] first introduced the pairing of yogurt-soaked lentil dumplings with the spicy, flavorful Aloodum. This unique pairing quickly gained popularity, spreading across [[Cuttack]] and later throughout [[Odisha]]. Over time, it became a staple of Odia street food culture, with numerous vendors specializing in its preparation. Today, Dahibara Aloodum is widely enjoyed across India, recognized for its unique blend of tangy and spicy flavors.<br />
<br />
It also got an award at the '''National Street Food Festival''' held at [[New Delhi]] in the year 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/state-editions/cuttack-dahibara-aloo-dum-wins-nat---l-award.html<br />
|title = Cuttack Dahibara Aloo Dum wins nat'l award | publisher = the pioneer, 19 January 2020 | accessdate = 2020-01-19 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Preparation==<br />
Washed urad [[Lentil|lentils]] are soaked in normal water overnight and ground into a batter for the bara, then deep fried in hot oil. The [[Deep frying|deep-fried]] baras are first put in water and then again transferred to light yogurt water for soaking for 3–5 hrs. Then the Baras are added with Aloodum (spicy potato curry) and Ghuguni (pea curry). Later chopped [[onion]], [[cucumber]], sprinkles of Indian snacks are added to garnish the dish.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}<br />
<br />
===Nutritional Value=== <br />
''Dahibara Aloodum'' is not only known for its taste but also for its nutritional benefits. It provides: <br />
<br />
* Carbohydrates – Derived from potatoes and white peas. <br />
* Proteins – Sourced from lentils used in vadas. <br />
* Probiotics – Present in the yogurt-based buttermilk. <br />
* Fiber – Found in peas and garnishes like onions. <br />
<br />
Its light yet filling nature makes it an ideal snack, especially during the summer months when refreshing and easily digestible meals are preferred. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Dahibara Aloodum Dibasa==<br />
Dahibara Aloodum is celebrated on March 1st as '''Dahibara Aloodum Dibasa''', marking its cultural importance in Odisha.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Dahibara Aloodum Dibasa: 7 famous joints in Cuttack to relish the soul food of Silver City |url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/dahibara-aloodum-dibasa-seven-famous-joints-cuttack-to-relish-the-soul-food-256910 |work=O TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=WORLD DAHIBARA ALOODUM DIBASA |url=https://www.justvish.in/dahibaradibasa |work=Just Vish}}</ref> On this day, Odias across the globe share their love for this iconic dish through social media posts and gatherings.<br />
<br />
This dish continues to be a cherished part of Odisha's culinary heritage. Its simplicity combined with complex flavors makes it an enduring favorite among locals and visitors alike. Whether served on roadside carts or at home kitchens during celebrations, the dish holds a special place in the hearts of Odias around the world.<br />
<br />
==Cultural Significance and Popularity==<br />
Dahibara Aloodum is an integral part of Odia street food culture, especially in Cuttack, where it is sold at roadside stalls, food carts, and small eateries. ''Cuttack is often called the "Dahibara Aloodum Capital" due to the abundance of vendors specializing in the dish''. It is often enjoyed as a breakfast or evening snack. <br />
<br />
Many vendors in Cuttack and other cities have been serving this dish for generations, with some shops operating for over 50 years. The love for Dahibara Aloodum has led to food festivals dedicated to the dish, and it remains an essential part of Odia culinary heritage.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Indian Dishes}}<br />
{{Yogurts}}<br />
[[Category:Cuisine of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Yogurt-based dishes]]<br />
[[Category:Indian fast food]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{India-cuisine-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaheedan_Misl&diff=458839Shaheedan Misl2025-12-30T23:06:49Z<p>DelmarTroiano: further adjusted content for clarity and fixed typos per standard format</p>
<hr />
<div>{{short description|Sovereign state of the Sikh Confederacy}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}<br />
{{Misls}}<br />
The '''Shaheedan Misl''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhagata|first=Siṅgha|title=A History of the Sikh Misals|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|year=1993|page= 241|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ&q=sandhu+jat|quote=Deep Singh Shahid, a Sandhu Jat and resident of the village of Pohuwind of the ''pargana'' of Amritsar, was the founder of this Misal.}}</ref> also known as the '''Shahid Misl<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2000 |isbn=9788170103011 |pages=150 |quote=NAINA SINGH: Naina Singh was the chief of the Shahid misl in the later part of the eighteenth century. His real name was Narain Singh. He is credited with the introduction of the Nihang type turban for his followers. He groomed the famous Sikh hero Akali Phula Singh and handed over the command of the Shahid misl to him.}}</ref>''' or '''Nihang Misl<ref name="Dhavan">{{cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&pg=PA61 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |page= |pages=60–61}}</ref>''', was one of twelve [[Sikh Confederacy|Sikh Misls]] that later became the [[Sikh Empire]]. It held a small amount of territory in the [[Malwa (Punjab)]] area around the [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Damdama Sahib]]<ref name="McLeod 2005 186">{{cite book |title=Historical dictionary of Sikhism |last=McLeod |first=W.H. |author-link=W.H. McLeod |year=2005 |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5088-0 |page=186 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma3G-hjh6SwC&dq=shaheed+misl&pg=PA186 }}</ref> before being incorporated into the [[Sikh Empire]] of the [[Sukerchakia Misl]] by [[Ranjit Singh]].<br />
<br />
[[Baba Deep Singh|Deep Singh]] (later [[Baba Deep Singh]]), son of Bhagta, of village Pahuwind (now district Amritsar) was the founder of this Misl. Earlier this Misl was known as Deep Singh’s Misl but after the martyrdom of Deep Singh in 1757 and another [[Sikhs|Sikh]] general [[Baba Gurbaksh Singh|Gurbakhsh Singh]] (of Leel village) in 1764, this Misl came to be known as Shaheedan Misl.<br />
<br />
The Shaheedan Misl was more akin to a religious-order rather than resembling a large, family clan like most of the other misls of the Sikh Confederacy.''<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Herrli |first=Hans |title=The Coins of the Sikhs |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=2004 |isbn=9788121511322 |edition=2nd |pages=11–13 |chapter=The Sikh Misls}}</ref>''<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The misl was established by Jats.'''<ref name="Dhavan" />''' In 1748, [[Baba Deep Singh]] was appointed the leader of the Shaheedan Misl and the [[Mahant]] of the [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib]]. In 1757, [[Ahmad Shah Abdali]] invaded India{{cn|date=August 2021}} and sent an army to the [[Harmindar Sahib]] to block [[Sikhs]] from entering the [[Gurdwara]]. Baba Deep Singh and a company of men who rode with him to free the gurdwara were killed in the [[Battle of Amritsar (1757)]]<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=400|author=Jacques, Tony|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626120848/http://m.friendfeed-media.com/6e9ec7f58014456d2d5fd015cc8af9d2974509c0|archive-date=26 June 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> against the [[Military history of Afghanistan|Durrani Army]]. His successor, Suddha Singh, later led the misl into a skirmish against the [[Durrani Empire|Afghan]] government of [[Jalandhar]] City. The first two leaders of the misl were considered [[Shahid|Shaheeds]], or martyrs, by their contemporaries so the misl became known as, Shaheedan Misl, or the misl of the martyrs. The misl was annexed by the [[Sikh Empire]] at some point in the early 19th century and became a part of the [[Sikh Empire]]. The [[Nihang]] order of [[Sikhs]] maintains the traditions of this [[misl]].<ref name="McLeod 2005 186"/><br />
<br />
== Territory ==<br />
The misl originated from Pohuwind near Amritsar and Marana near Lahore.<ref name="Dhavan2">{{cite book |last=Dhavan |first=Purnima |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-7HJ5idB8_QC&pg=PA61 |title=When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-19-975655-1 |page= |pages=60–61}}</ref> The Shaheedans held territory in eastern Malwa.<ref name="Dhavan2" /> The Shaheedan Misl jointly controlled parts of the Punjab Plains southward of the Sutlej river, between Karnal and Ferozepore, alongside other misls.''<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Herrli |first=Hans |title=The Coins of the Sikhs |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=2004 |isbn=9788121511322 |edition=2nd |pages=11–13 |chapter=The Sikh Misls}}</ref>'' <br />
<br />
== List of leaders ==<br />
Prominent leaders of the misl were:'''<ref name="Dhavan" />'''<br />
* [[Baba Deep Singh]]<br />
* Sudh Singh<br />
* Karam Singh<br />
* Gulab Singh<br />
* [[Akali Naina Singh]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singha |first=H.S. |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries) |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2000 |isbn=9788170103011 |pages=150 |quote=NAINA SINGH: Naina Singh was the chief of the Shahid misl in the later part of the eighteenth century. His real name was Narain Singh. He is credited with the introduction of the Nihang type turban for his followers. He groomed the famous Sikh hero Akali Phula Singh and handed over the command of the Shahid misl to him.}}</ref><br />
* [[Akali Phula Singh]]<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Fresco of Shaheed Baba Deep Singh from Gurdwara Baba Atal, Amritsar.jpg|Fresco of ''[[shaheed]]'' Baba Deep Singh from [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]], Amritsar<br />
File:Fresco of Bijla Singh from Gurdwara Baba Atal.jpg|Fresco of Bijla Singh from [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]]. He was a warrior of the Shaheedan Misl and contemporary of Baba Deep Singh<br />
File:Detail of Karam Singh Sidhu of the Shaheedan Misl from a painting three seated Sikh sardars, circa late 18th century.jpg|Detail of Karam Singh Sidhu of the Shaheedan Misl from a painting three seated Sikh sardars, circa late 18th century<br />
File:Photograph of the Bunga Amar Shaheed Baba Deep Singh, it has since been demolished.jpg|Photograph of the Bunga Amar Shaheed Baba Deep Singh at the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, it has since been demolished<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Sikhism}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sikh Confederacy]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Sikhism-stub}}</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=M._Abdul_Latif&diff=456872M. Abdul Latif2025-12-27T18:08:11Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| name = M. Abdul Latif<br />
| native_name = এম. আবদুল লতিফ<br />
| native_name_lang = bn<br />
| image = M. Abdul Latif in 2016 (01) (cropped).jpg<br />
| caption = Abdul Latif in 2016<br />
| office = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]<br />
| constituency = [[Chittagong-11]]<br />
| term_start = 20 December 2008<br />
| term_end = 6 August 2024<br />
| predecessor = [[Gazi Shahjahan Jwel]]<br />
| constituency1 =<br />
| term_start1 =<br />
| term_end1 =<br />
| predecessor1 =<br />
| successor1 =<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|03|10}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Chittagong]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]<br />
| nationality = Bangladeshi<br />
| party = <br />
[[Bangladesh Awami League]]<br />
| children = Omar Hajjaj<br />
| occupation = Businessman, politician<br />
}}<br />
'''M. Abdul Latif''' is a [[Bangladesh Awami League]] politician and a former [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member representing the [[Chittagong-11]] constituencies.<br />
<br />
He is also a trade leader and a former president of the [[Chittagong Chamber of Commerce & Industry]]. He was board president of [[Chittagong]] based [[football club]] [[Chittagong Abahani]]. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Latif was born on 10 March 1955.<ref name=":0" /> He has completed his Diploma in leather technology.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=M. Abdul Latif Biography |url=https://amarmp.com/mp/747/biography |website=Amarmp |access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Latif first entered the political arena as a member of parliament from the constituency Chittagong-10 as an Awami League candidate.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Electoral Area Result Statistics |url=https://amarmp.com/election/result/electoral?seat_id=329 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Amarmp |language=en}}</ref> He received 164,591 votes while his nearest rival, Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, received 141,946 votes.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
Latif was re-elected to Parliament on 5 January 2014 from Chittagong-11 as an Awami League candidate.<ref>{{cite web |title=M. Abdul Latif History |url=https://amarmp.com/mp/747/history |website=Amarmp |access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref> He received 283,169 votes while his nearest rival, Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, received 141,946 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-25 |title=Chattogram-11 - Constituency detail of Bangladesh General Election 2018 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/seats?s=Chattogram-11&d=chattogram |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was a member of the treasury bench in parliament.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh has achieved self-sufficiency in fish production |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/bangladesh-has-achieved-self-sufficiency-fish-production-1587634 |access-date=15 November 2018 |work=The Daily Star |date=7 June 2018 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Awami League activist Saifuddin Rabi sued Latif in February 2016 for allegedly putting distorted photos of [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] on posters and called him a [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] infiltrator.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Chittagong MP MA Latif slapped with Tk 10bn defamation suit for 'distorting' Bangabandhu's photo |url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/chittagong-mp-ma-latif-slapped-with-tk-10bn-defamation-suit-for-distorting-bangabandhus-photo |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
In January 2024, Latif was the Awami League candidate for Chittagong-11 while his son Omar Hajjaj stood against him as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-29 |title=National polls: Father, son face-off in Chattogram-11 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-multimedia/news-multimedia/news/national-polls-father-son-face-chattogram-11-3481976 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The [[Bangladesh Election Commission]] summoned Mayor [[Rezaul Karim Chowdhury]] of [[Chattogram City Corporation]] for campaigning for Latif violating Code of Conduct for Parliamentary Elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=Mayor Rezaul summoned for campaigning in favour of AL's Ctg-11 candidate |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/politics/mayor-rezaul-summoned-campaigning-favour-als-ctg-11-candidate-752654 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> The Mayor had spoken at rally of the Chittagong City unit of Awami League along with other councilors of the city corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finally, a part of the Chittagong Metropolitan Awami League came to the field in favor of MP. Latif |url=https://thedailymorningglory.com/2024/01/03/finally-a-part-of-the-chittagong-metropolitan-awami-league-came-to-the-field-in-favor-of-mp-latif/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> He won the election and was elected to the 12th parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=চট্টগ্রাম-১১ {{!}} জাতীয় সংসদ নির্বাচন ২০২৪ {{!}} Dhaka Post |url=https://www.dhakapost.com/parliament-election/seats/chattogram-11 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=dhakapost.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners in 12th national polls |url=https://bangladeshpost.net/posts/winners-in-12th-national-polls-128970 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=bangladeshpost.net |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Latif was taken in custody of Bangladesh Army on 10 August 2024 after the fall of the Sheikh Hasina led Awami League government.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Ex-Ctg MP Latif in army custody |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/politics/news/ex-ctg-mp-latif-army-custody-3673476 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The Army did so to protect him from the activists of Bangladesh Nationalist Party who were trying to attack him as he was returning from a mosque after Friday prayers.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-10 |title=Ex-MP MA Latif taken into army custody |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/ex-mp-ma-latif-taken-army-custody-913451 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He was arrested on 17 August 2024.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=কারাগারের শৌচাগারে পড়ে মাথায় আঘাত, হাসপাতালে এম এ লতিফ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/5repbfrh6a |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn}}</ref> He was placed in three day remand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-17 |title=Ex-MP MA Latif placed on 3-day remand |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/court/ex-mp-ma-latif-placed-3-day-remand-918726 |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He received a head injury in prison and underwent surgery.<ref name=":3" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abdul Latif, M.}}<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:1955 births]]<br />
[[Category:People from Chittagong District]]<br />
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]<br />
[[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br />
[[Category:10th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br />
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]<br />
[[Category:12th Jatiya Sangsad members]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1949_IFA_Shield_final&diff=4817601949 IFA Shield final2025-12-23T21:17:20Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br />
{{Infobox football match<br />
| title = 1949 IFA Shield final<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| event = [[IFA Shield|1949 IFA Shield]]<br />
| team1 = [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]<br />
| team1score = 2<br />
| team2 = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]<br />
| team2score = 0<br />
| details = <br />
| date = 15 September 1949<br />
| stadium = [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]]<br />
| city = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]<br />
| man_of_the_match1a = <br />
| referee = Major F. Upfold<br />
| attendance = 15,000<ref name=indianexpress/><br />
| weather = <br />
| previous = 1948<br />
| next = [[1950 IFA Shield final|1950]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''1949 IFA Shield final''' was the 56th final of the [[IFA Shield]], the second oldest football competition in [[India]], and was contested between Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] on 15 September 1949 at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]] in Kolkata.<br />
<br />
East Bengal won the final 2&ndash;0 to claim their 3rd IFA Shield title. [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]] and [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]] scored the two goals as East Bengal lifted their third IFA Shield title.<ref name=rsssf>{{cite web|first=Arunava|last=Chaudhuri|date=10 October 2022|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html|title=India - List of IFA Shield Finals|work=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress>{{cite web|author=PTI|date=16 September 1949|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mgFFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZLcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1240%2C6855297|title=E. BENGAL WIN I. F. A. SHIELD|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=22 December 2022}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Route to the final==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|-<br />
!colspan="2"| [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]<br />
!Round<br />
!colspan="2"| [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|- style="background:#C1E0FF"<br />
|Opponent<br />
|colspan="1"|Result<br />
|Round<br />
|Opponent<br />
|colspan="1"|Result<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern India Railway]]<br />
|colspan="1"|2–0<br />
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Second Round<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kalighat Milan Sangha FC|Kalighat]]<br />
|colspan="1"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left"|Raisina Sporting<br />
|colspan="1"|4–0<br />
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Third Round<br />
|style="text-align:left"|Rajasthan<br />
|colspan="1"|1–0<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left"|Silchar Town<br />
|colspan="1"|6–0<br />
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Quarter–Final<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan Sporting]]<br />
|colspan="1"|2–0<br />
|-<br />
|style="text-align:left"|Maharana Club<br />
|colspan="1"|8–0<br />
|style="background:#C1E0FF"|Semi–Final<br />
|style="text-align:left"|[[New Delhi Heroes FC|New Delhi Heroes]]<br />
|colspan="1"|4–1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Match==<br />
===Summary===<br />
The IFA Shield final began at the [[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]] in Kolkata on 15 September 1949 in front of a packed crowd as Kolkata giants [[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]] and [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]] faced each other in a [[Kolkata Derby]]. East Bengal reached their sixth final, having won twice in 1943 and 1945, after defeating Maharana Club 8&ndash;0 in the semi-final. Mohun Bagan, the two-time defending champions, made their fourth consecutive appearance in the final after they defeated [[New Delhi Heroes FC|New Delhi Heroes]] 4&ndash;1 in the semi-final.<ref name=rsssf/><br />
<br />
Mohun Bagan was the first to attack in the very first minute as [[Runu Guha Thakurta]] passed to Selim and the latter set Rashid on move with a backpass but [[Taj Mohammed (footballer)|Taj Mohammed]] intercepted the attack near the East Bengal goal. Selim got another chance immediately after but he shot wide after being played through by Nayar. East Bengal slowly got back into the game and made their first attack in the seventh minute as [[P. B. A. Saleh]] shot over the bar after receiving a pass from [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]. East Bengal opened the scoring in the fourteenth minute after Apparao provided a forward pass to Venkatesh, who sped away from two defenders and beat Mohun Bagan custodian D. Sen with a left-footed shot to make it 1&ndash;0. In the twenty-third minute, East Bengal doubled the lead, after Saleh rolled the ball to [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]] who sent an angular shot into the net through a number of legs to make it 2&ndash;0. In the second half, Mohun Bagan made several attempts to get back into the game but Manilal Ghatak managed to keep a clean sheet as East Bengal emerged victorious and lifted their third IFA Shield title, also managing to win the coveted ''Double'' of winning both the League and Shield for the second time in their history, after 1945.<ref name=final>{{cite news |date=16 September 1949 |title=East Bengal Achieve Coveted Double For The Second Time |language=en |work=Amrita Bazar Patrika }}</ref><ref name=final1>{{cite news |date=16 September 1949 |title= শিল্ড ফাইনালে ইস্টবেঙ্গলের জয়লাভ |trans-title=East Bengal wins the Shield Final |language=bn |work=Jugantor }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debayan|last=Sen|date=1 August 2020|url=https://www.espn.in/football/east-bengal/story/4139529/a-century-of-excellence-east-bengals-greatest-hits|title=A century of excellence: East Bengal's greatest hits|work=ESPN|accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref name=indianexpress/><br />
<br />
===Details===<br />
{{footballbox<br />
|date=15 September 1949<br />
|time=14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br />
|team1=[[East Bengal Club|East Bengal]]<br />
|report=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mgFFAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZLcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1240%2C6855297<br />
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]<br />
|score= 2–0 <br />
|goals1=* [[Pansanttom Venkatesh|Venkatesh]] {{goal|14}}<br />
* [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Khan]] {{goal|23}}<br />
|goals2=<br />
|stadium=[[Mohun Bagan Ground|Calcutta Ground]], [[Kolkata]]<br />
|attendance=30,000 (est.)<br />
|referee=Major F. Upfold}}<br />
<br />
{| width=92%<br />
|-<br />
|{{Football kit<br />
|pattern_b = _EastBengal_12_13_Home<br />
|pattern_la = <br />
|pattern_ra =<br />
|pattern_sh =<br />
|pattern_so = _2 gold stripes<br />
|leftarm = FFDF00<br />
|body = FFDF00<br />
|rightarm = FF0000<br />
|shorts = 000000<br />
|socks = FF0000<br />
|title = East Bengal<br />
}}<br />
|{{Football kit<br />
| pattern_la = <br />
| pattern_b = _collar_buttons_2<br />
| pattern_ra = <br />
| pattern_sh = <br />
| pattern_so =<br />
| leftarm = 234f1e<br />
| body = 800000<br />
| rightarm = 234f1e<br />
| shorts = ffffff<br />
| socks = ffffff<br />
| title = Mohun Bagan<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| width="100%"<br />
|valign="top" width="40%"|<br />
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"<br />
|colspan="4"|<br />
|-<br />
!width="25"| !!width="25"|<br />
|-<br />
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Manilal Ghatak<br />
|-<br />
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Byomkesh Bose]]<br />
|-<br />
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Taj Mohammed (footballer)|Taj Mohammed]]<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Dhirendranath Chanda<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[S. M. Kaiser]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Khogen Sen<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pansanttom Venkatesh]]<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} M. Apparao<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. P. Dhanraj]]<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmed Khan (footballer)|Ahmed Khan]]<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. B. A. Saleh]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|valign="top"|<br />
|valign="top" width="50%"|<br />
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center<br />
|colspan="4"|<br />
|-<br />
!width="25"| !!width="25"|<br />
|-<br />
|GK || ||{{flagicon|IND}} D. Sen<br />
|-<br />
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Dr. P. Kumar<br />
|-<br />
|FB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Debu Pal<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Anil Dey ([[Captain (association football)|c]])<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Talimeren Ao]]<br />
|-<br />
|HB || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Abhoy Ghosh<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Rashid<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} [[Runu Guha Thakurta]]<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Selim<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Amol Mazumdar<br />
|-<br />
|FW || ||{{flagicon|IND}} Swami Nayar<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"<br />
<br />
|style="width:60%; vertical-align:top;"|<br />
'''Match rules'''<br />
*50 minutes.<br />
*Joint winners if both finals ends in a draw<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/india-ifahist.html IFA Shield Finals]<br />
<br />
{{IFA Shield}}<br />
{{East Bengal Club}}<br />
{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:IFA Shield finals]]<br />
[[Category:1949–50 in Indian football]]<br />
[[Category:East Bengal Club matches]]<br />
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant matches]]<br />
[[Category:Football competitions in Kolkata]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satikanta_Guha&diff=533452Satikanta Guha2025-12-12T05:39:59Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made new details</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian educator}}<br />
{{More citations needed|Article|date=April 2025|name=Manthephii|The whole article relies only on 2 citations, with paragraph 3 with nil}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Satikanta Guha<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1910|6|1|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]], [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet district]], [[British India]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|1|8|1910|6|1|df=y}}<br />
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], India<br />
| occupation = Educator<br />
}}<br />
'''Satikanta Guha''' was an Indian educator who founded the [[South Point School]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ku4QAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=Satikanta+Guha&article_id=4852,6060756&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji6cn-5rGRAxW0FVkFHRYkOmwQ6wF6BAgIEAE#v=onepage&q=Satikanta%20Guha&f=false |title=New Sunday Times |publisher=New Sunday Times |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Guha was born on 1 June 1910, in [[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]], [[Sylhet Division|Sylhet district]], [[British India]], now [[Bangladesh]]. He started his schooling first at [[Dhaka Collegiate School]] and later at [[Hare School]] in [[Calcutta]]. He graduated from [[Presidency College Calcutta]]. Later, he stood first in the [[LLB]] examination of the [[University of Calcutta]]. From childhood, he was drawn to literature. From the age of 15, he started editing children's journals called ''Benu'' and ''Chitra''. He also edited the magazine ''Rangmashal''.<ref>South Point School Magazine 2013</ref> <br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
He founded various publishing houses. He published books including [[Abanindranath Tagore|Abanindranath Thakur]]'s ''Rajkahini'', [[Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder]]'s ''First Boy'' and ''Last Boy'' and also [[Shibram Chakraborty]]'s ''Baadi Thekey Paliye''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://skgf.org/|title=Charitable Society {{!}} Kolkata {{!}} Satikanta Guha Foundation|website=Satikanta Guha Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-14}}</ref><br />
<br />
He founded the [[South Point School]] in 1954, located in the [[Ballygunge]] area of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]]. His son, Indranath Guha, and his wife, Prity Lata Guha, who were members of the Trust established by Satikanta Guha — The South Point Education Society — continued to play important roles in the management of the school after his death. Prity Lata Guha was the Secretary, while Indranath Guha was the Principal of South Point School. Indranath Guha was the Principal-Secretary of South Point High School till he resigned from all his posts in South Point School and High School on 3 May 1995. After the accused murder, of Indranath's wife, Surupa, in 1976, Satikanta, Prity Lata, Indranath, Ramendranath Lahiri, and Jhantu Charan Dutt were accused of murder. No charge was framed against Ramendranath by the Sessions Judge, and all charges against Satikanta and Prity Lata were quashed by the Honorable [[High Court of Calcutta]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Sumanta |date=2013-10-29 |title=Surupa Guha murder case: Who is the culprit? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/crime-stories/story/19811031-surupa-guha-murder-case-who-is-the-culprit-773384-2013-10-29 |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
Satikanta Guha had received numerous awards for literature, such as the Mouchak Award for children's literature, and the [[Rabindra Puraskar]] for his novel ''Natyakar''.<ref name=":1" /> His son, Indranath Guha, is the current Founder-Rector of [[Garden High School]], Garden High International School and [[Garden High School#Garden High School IISER Kolkata Campus|Garden High School IISER Kolkata Campus]], [[Mohanpur, Nadia|Mohanpur]]. Satikanta Guha died on 8 January 1991, aged 80.<ref name=":1" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Guha, Satikanta}}<br />
[[Category:Bengali writers]]<br />
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]<br />
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]<br />
[[Category:People from Sunamganj District]]<br />
[[Category:Dhaka Collegiate School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Hare School alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]<br />
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]<br />
[[Category:1910 births]]<br />
[[Category:1991 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ajit_Kembhavi&diff=485134Ajit Kembhavi2025-10-28T20:10:50Z<p>DelmarTroiano: Made data</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian astrophysicist (born 1950)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}<br />
{{Infobox scientist<br />
|name = Ajit Kembhavi<br />
|image = Ajit Kembhavi profile small.jpg<br />
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|8|16|df=y}}<br />
|birth_place = [[Hubli, Karnataka]], India<br />
|field = [[Physics]], [[astronomy]], [[computer science]]<br />
|work_institution = [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]]<br />
|alma_mater = [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]<br />
|doctoral_advisor = [[Jayant Narlikar]]<br />
|doctoral_students = <br />
|known_for = <br />
|prizes = <br />
|footnotes = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ajit Kembhavi''' (born 16 August 1950) is an Indian [[astrophysicist]]. He is presently a professor emeritus at the [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]], (IUCAA) at [[Pune]], India,<ref>[http://www.iucaa.in:8080/iucaa/jsp/N-People.jsp List of people working at IUCAA (2011)]</ref> of which he was also a founder member. He also serves as a vice president of the [[International Astronomical Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Astronomical Union {{!}} IAU|url=https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/5472/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.iau.org|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629141654/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/5472/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the [[Principal investigator|Principal Investigator]] of Pune Knowledge Cluster along with Professor L. S. Shashidhara.<br />
<br />
==Early life and career==<br />
Ajit Kembhavi was born in 1950 in [[Hubli]] in [[Karnataka]] and spent a major part of his childhood there. During his time spent at Hubli, Kembhavi was a neighbour to [[Gangubai Hangal]], the well-known [[Indian classical]] musician. This helped Ajit acquire a keen taste in Indian classical music.<br />
<br />
After his schooling and junior college education in Hubli, he moved to Mumbai to finish his BSc and MSc in physics from the Ruia college, affiliated to [[University of Mumbai|Bombay University]]. Later, he joined the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] ([[TIFR]]) for his PhD in physics with the renowned Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist [[Jayant Narlikar]] as his thesis supervisor.<br />
<br />
Later, he moved to England to work as a postdoctoral fellow under Lord [[Martin Rees]] at the [[Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge]]. After this, he returned as a research fellow to his alma mater TIFR. In 1988, when [[IUCAA]] was formed, he joined as assistant professor, and later became the Dean of Visitor Programmes in 1997, a position he held for twelve years until 2009. He took up the directorship of IUCAA in 2009<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-06-06|title=Ajit Kembhavi is new director of IUCAA|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/ajit-kembhavi-is-new-director-of-iucaa/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> and remained the director until 2014<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 1, 2015|title=Raychaudhury is IUCAA's new director |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/raychaudhury-is-iucaas-new-director/articleshow/48752689.cms|access-date=2021-11-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> before being succeeded by [[Somak Raychaudhury]].<br />
<br />
He was elected vice president of the IAU's [[Office of Astronomy for Development]] and also serves on the Space Commission of the [[Department of Space]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Astronomical Union|url=https://www.iau.org/administration/executive_bodies/executive_committee/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.iau.org|archive-date=2 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302030136/https://iau.org/administration/executive_bodies/executive_committee/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the Principal Investigator of Pune Knowledge Cluster along with Professor L. S. Shashidhara.<br />
<br />
==Contributions to Indian astronomy==<br />
Kembhavi has played a very significant role in the development of astronomy as a research area in India. As a Dean of Visitor Programmes in IUCAA, he was responsible for the growth and sustenance of several programs held in IUCAA and across India, for promotion of astronomical research. As a director of IUCAA, he played a lead role in cementing India's participation in several international projects including the [[Southern African Large Telescope]] (SALT), [[Thirty Meter Telescope]] (TMT), and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory [[LIGO]]).<br />
<br />
He also conceived and executed the INFONET project<ref>{{Cite journal |bibcode = 2010ASPC..433..251K|title = The UGC-INFONET Program|journal = Library and Information Services in Astronomy VI: 21st Century Astronomy Librarianship|volume = 433|pages = 251|last1 = Kembhavi|first1 = A.|year = 2010}}</ref> under the [[University Grants Commission (India)]], which brought the benefits of information and communication technology to all universities in India including enabling electronic access to thousands of journals.<br />
<br />
A notable contribution by Ajit Kembhavi is in setting up of the Virtual Observatory's India chapter, a project funded by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. The [[Virtual Observatory]] project enables standardization of methods of access and descriptions of astronomical data sets enabling ease of access to open astronomical data sets. He also served as the chairman of the [[International Virtual Observatory Alliance]] (IVOA) which oversees Virtual Observatory activities internationally.<br />
<br />
Kembhavi is also a well-known science popularizer and has given several public talks and presentations<ref>{{Citation|title=Careers in Astronomy - by Ajit Kembhavi [7th Aug, 2015]| date=12 August 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZglj8e_FD8|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18}}</ref> for promoting astronomy among the masses. He has also written a Marathi book 'Nabhaat Hasre Taare'<ref>{{Cite web|title=नभात हसरे तारे-Nabhat Hasare Tare by Dr. Ajit Kembhavi, Dr. Jayant Narlikar, Mangala Narlikar - Rajhans Prakashan - BookGanga.com|url=https://www.bookganga.com/eBooks/Books/Details/5282448813561298437|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.bookganga.com}}</ref> co-authored by Jayant and Mangala Narlikar.<br />
<br />
==Areas of research==<br />
<br />
Kembhavi's areas of expertise largely include gravitation theory, [[extragalactic astronomy]] and astronomical database management. His contributions include:<br />
*[[Gravity]]: Elucidating nature of [[cosmological singularities]] under [[conformal transformations]] (done as a part of his PhD thesis)<br />
*[[Quasars]]: Estimation of quasars to the X-ray background.<br />
*[[X-Ray Binaries]]: Study of the tidal capture formation of [[globular cluster]] X-ray binaries, and their subsequent evolution millisecond and other pulsars<br />
*[[Pulsars]]: Pulsar magnetic field decay from a comparison between observed data and simulations<br />
*[[Galaxies]]: Quantitative study of galaxy morphology, scaling relations etc.<br />
*Warm Absorbers: Comprehensive high resolution X-ray spectral study of warm absorbers in Seyfert galaxies observed with ESA's X-ray observatory [[XMM-Newton]], theoretical modelling using photo-ionisation code CLOUDY,<ref>[http://www.nublado.org/ CLOUDY software homepage]</ref> understanding the effect of ionizing continuum shape on the properties of warm absorbers, and stability curve analysis of the warm absorbers.<br />
<br />
==Personal life==<br />
Ajit Kembhavi is married to Asha Kembhavi, a bio-technologist. They have a son Annirudh Kembhavi, who works at the Allen Institute of Artificial Intelligence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://allenai.org/team/anik/ |title=Annirudh Kembhavi's homepage at AIAI |access-date=21 December 2017 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222104821/http://allenai.org/team/anik/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
<br />
==Honours, awards and memberships==<br />
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}<br />
* Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=K | title=The National Academy of Sciences, India - Fellows | access-date=21 December 2017 | archive-date=15 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315081652/http://nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=K | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/listing/fellows/K |title = Fellowship &#124; Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref><br />
* Former president of the Astronomical Society of India ()<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.astron-soc.in/executive_council.php |title=The Executive Council of the Astronomical Society of India |access-date=21 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171220150001/http://www.astron-soc.in/executive_council.php |archive-date=20 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* A Vice President of the International Astronomy Union (2016–present)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/5472/ | title=International Astronomical Union &#124; IAU | access-date=21 December 2017 | archive-date=29 June 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629141654/https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/5472/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
* Former president of the Indian Association of General Relativity and Gravitation<ref>Check 'Office Bearers' under the 'Organization' menu for this site: https://www.imsc.res.in/~iagrg/</ref><br />
* Recipient of the UGC Hari Om Vats award for academic interaction with Society (2004)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/page/Honours-and-Awards.aspx#Ashram | title=University Grants commission ::Honours & Awards}}</ref><br />
* Raja Ramana Fellowship (2017) <br />
* Former chairman of the governing board of the Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC), New Delhi<br />
* Member of the governing council and court of the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore<br />
* Member of the Space Commission of India<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/11-public-home/430-space-commission |title=Welcome to VIKRAM SARABHAI SPACE CENTRE - Space Commission |website=www.vssc.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608153156/http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/11-public-home/430-space-commission |archive-date=2017-06-08}} </ref><br />
* Chairman of the governing council of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
* ''Highlights in Gravitation and Cosmology. ''Eds. B.R. Iyer, A. Kembhavi, J.V. Narlikar & C.V. Vishveshwara, 1988. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.<br />
* ''Non Standard Cosmology'' (Revised Edition). J.V. Narlikar & A.K. Kembhavi, 1988. In Galaxies & Cosmology, Eds. V.M. Canuto & B.G. Elmegreen. Gorden & Breach.<br />
* ''Gravitation and Cosmology. ''Eds. S. Mukherjee, A.R. Prasanna & A.K. Kembhavi, 1992. Wiley Eastern.<br />
<br />
* Starbursts : Triggers, Nature and Evolution. (Proc. of Les Houches School), 1998. ''Eds. B. Guiderdoni & A.K. Kembhavi. Springer.''<br />
* Quasars and [[Active galactic nucleus|Active Galactic Nuclei]] - An Introduction. ''A.K. Kembhavi & J.V. Narlikar. 1999. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.''<br />
* The Universe - Visions and Perspectives. ''Eds. N. Dadhich & A.K. Kembhavi, 2000. Kluwer.''<br />
* Nabhat Hasare Taare: A book on Astrophysics of stars in Marathi. ''A.K. Kembhavi, J. V. Narlikar & Mangala Narlikar. Rajhans Prakashan 2008.'' A Gujarati translation of this book has been published.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.pkc.org.in/ The Pune Knowledge Cluster]<br />
*{{commons inline}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kembhavi, Ajit}}<br />
[[Category:1950 births]]<br />
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Indian theoretical physicists]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian astronomers]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Karnataka]]<br />
[[Category:People from Hubli]]</div>DelmarTroianohttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fahmi_Badayuni&diff=498826Fahmi Badayuni2025-10-18T07:59:42Z<p>DelmarTroiano: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Short description|Indian poet (1952–2024)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Fahmi Badayuni<br />
| image = Fahmi.webp<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1952|01|04}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Budaun]], Uttar Pradesh, India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2024|10|20|1952|01|04}}<br />
| occupation = Poet, writer<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Zaman Sher Khan''' or '''Puttan Khan''' (4 January 1952 – 20 October 2024), better known by the [[pen name]] '''Fahmi Badayuni''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2024 |title=शायरी की दुनिया ने खोया चमकता सितारा, 72 साल में मशहूर शायर फहमी बदायूंनी का निधन, हुए सुपुर्द-ए-खाक {{!}} The world of poetry lost a shining star, famous poet Fahmi Badayuni died at the age of 72, was buried |url=https://www.patrika.com/bareilly-news/the-world-of-poetry-lost-a-shining-star-famous-poet-fahmi-badayuni-died-at-the-age-of-72-was-buried-19082501 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> was an Indian poet known for his contributions to Urdu literature.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2024 |title='तुमने नाराज होना छोड़ दिया, इतनी नाराजगी भी...', मशहूर शायर फहमी बदायूंनी का 72 साल की उम्र में निधन |url=https://www.aajtak.in/uttar-pradesh/story/you-have-stopped-being-angry-so-much-resentment-famous-poet-fahmi-badayuni-dies-at-the-age-of-72-lclcn-strc-2076323-2024-10-20 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=21 October 2024 |title=فہمی بدایونی کے مقبول و مشہور اشعار، پڑھیے دل کو چھو لینے والے کلام |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/ur/!literature/selected-and-famous-shayari-of-fahmi-badayuni-read-his-heart-touching-poetry-urn24102101009 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=ur}}</ref> Fahmi's poetry often revolved around themes of love, beauty, and human emotions, expressed in an eloquent yet simple style. His ghazals are remembered for their lyrical quality and the depth of feeling they convey.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Fahmi Badayuni: अंतराष्ट्रीय शायर फहमी बदायूंनी का 72 साल की उम्र में निधन, उत्तर प्रदेश जिला बदायूं ,नगर बिसौली में घर पर ली अंतिम सांस |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/bareilly/fahmi-badayuni-passed-away-in-budaun-2024-10-20 |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मशहूर शायर फहमी बदायूंनी का निधन, 72 साल की उम्र में ली अंतिम सांस - Famous poet Fahmi Badayuni passes away |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/badaun-famous-poet-fahmi-badayuni-passes-away-23819082.html |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rai |first=Vikram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a84QEAAAQBAJ&dq=fahmi+badayuni&pg=PA24 |title=Mahakte Ashaar |publisher=Sankalp Publication |isbn=978-93-90468-43-0 |language=hi}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life and education ==<br />
Fahmi was born on 4 January 1952 in Pathan Tola Mohalla, Bisauli town, [[Budaun]], Uttar Pradesh. After completing his studies, he initially worked as a [[Village accountant|Lekhpal]] but soon realized that the job did not suit him. In the 1980s, he turned towards poetry and began participating in mushairas (poetry recitals) in Bisauli and surrounding areas, marking the beginning of his journey as a poet.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahman |first=Tariq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1eIBEQAAQBAJ&dq=fahmi+badayuni&pg=PA130 |title=The Handbook of Mirza Ghalib's Poetry and Poetics: Commentaries and Contemporary Concerns |date=2024 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-981-99-7892-2 |language=en}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Literary works ==<br />
Fahmi Badayuni authored several notable books including:<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2024 |title=معروف شاعر فہمی بدایونی کا انتقال، آج تدفین ہوگی |url=https://www.inquilab.com/news/articles/famous-poet-fahmi-badayuni-passed-away-burial-will-be-held-today-67249 |access-date=21 October 2024 |work=Inquilab.com |language=ur}}</ref><br />
<br />
* ''Majmooay''<br />
* ''Paanchvi Simt''<br />
* ''Dastaken Nigaahon Ki''<br />
* ''Hijr Ki Doosri Dawa''<br />
* ''Prem''<br />
* ''Akulta''<br />
<br />
His poetry was characterized by his ability to express deep thoughts in few words, a skill that was also influenced by his understanding of mathematics. His couplets often reflected profound philosophical aspects and various dimensions of human experience.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Death ==<br />
On 20 October 2024, Fahmi died at his home in Bisauli, at the age of 72. Poet [[Wasim Barelvi]] expressed deep grief over the demise of Badayuni, stating "today a great poet has left us."<ref>{{Cite web |title='મુઝે તુમસે બિછડના હી પડેગા...' શાયરી માટે જાણીતા યુપીના પ્રસિદ્ધ શાયર ફહમી બદાયૂંનીનું નિધન |url=https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/national/famous-poet-of-up-fahmi-badayuni-known-for-his-poetry-passed-away |access-date=21 October 2024 |website=www.gujaratsamachar.com |language=gu}}</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [https://www.rekhta.org/poets/fahmi-badayuni/all Fahmi Badayuni] on [[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]]<br />
* [https://www.urdupoint.com/poetry/fahmi-badayuni.html Fahmi Badayuni] on [[UrduPoint]]<br />
<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Badayuni, Fahmi}}<br />
[[Category:1952 births]]<br />
[[Category:2024 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]<br />
[[Category:People from Budaun]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Indian male poets]]</div>DelmarTroiano