Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of The Great British Bake Off finalists (series 8–present)

2026-05-31T19:49:17Z

DebraToney89: starting a bio initial version - done

{{Short description|None}}
{{for|the finalists from series one to seven|List of The Great British Bake Off finalists (series 1–7)}}
{{italic title|string=The Great British Bake Off}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{use British English|date=December 2022}}
''[[The Great British Bake Off]]'' is a British television baking competition, produced by [[Love Productions]]. It premiered on [[BBC Two]] in 2010, then moved to [[BBC One]] in 2014, and then moved to [[Channel 4]] in 2017. This list contains sections about annual winners and runners-up who appeared from series eight onward, which aired on Channel 4.

The information seen in tables, including age and occupation, are based on the time of filming.

==Series 8 (2017)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 8}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series eight (2017)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"|Sophie Faldo
| 33 || Former army officer and trainee stuntwoman || [[West Molesey]], [[Surrey]] || 2 (5th and 9th) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"|Steven Carter-Bailey
| 34 || Marketer || [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]] || 3 (1st, 2nd and 7th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"|Kate Lyon
| 29 || Health and safety inspector || [[Merseyside]] || 1 (4th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Sophie Faldo (winner)===
Sophie Faldo is a former [[British Army]] officer who was the winner of the [[The Great British Bake Off series 8|eighth series]] in 2017, the first series to be broadcast on [[Channel 4]].

Faldo was born in London and grew up in [[Suffolk]]. She studied psychology at the [[University of Manchester]] and [[University of Toulouse|Toulouse]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sophiefaldo.co.uk/ |title=Sophie Faldo }}</ref> She joined the [[Royal Artillery]] and has served in Afghanistan. After leaving the Army, she worked as a personal trainer, taught military boot camps, and was training to be a stuntwoman when she was convinced by her chef boyfriend to apply for ''The Great British Bake Off''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.surreylife.co.uk/people/celebrity-interviews/interview-great-british-bake-off-winner-and-thames-ditton-resident-sophie-faldo-1-5356691 |title=Interview: Great British Bake Off winner and Thames Ditton resident Sophie Faldo |date= 16 January 2018 |work=Surrey Life|first=Rebecca |last=Younger}}</ref>

Faldo won the competition. Twelve hours before the final episode, judge [[Prue Leith]] accidentally [[Twitter|tweeted]] the results.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/great-british-bake-off-2017-paul-hollywood-prue-leith-twitter-winner-a8035491.html|title=Paul Hollywood speaks out on Prue Leith's Great British Bake Off mishap|work=The Independent|location=London|access-date=3 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/great-british-bake-series-verdict-bake-break-channel-4-played/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/0/great-british-bake-series-verdict-bake-break-channel-4-played/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title= The Great British Bake Off series verdict: it was bake or break, but Channel 4 played a blinder|date=31 October 2017|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=1 November 2017|last1= Hogan|first1= Michael}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Faldo appeared in an episode of a TV series ''Travels with a Goat'' on [[Insight TV]], travelling to southern Kenya with Spanish food vlogger Abraham Bandera Baez.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2019/01/14/travels-goat-review-grime-caked-travelogue-confronting-ethics/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2019/01/14/travels-goat-review-grime-caked-travelogue-confronting-ethics/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Travels with a Goat, review – a grime-caked travelogue confronting the ethics of eating meat |work=The Telegraph|date= 14 January 2019|first=Ed|last=Power}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Faldo rowed to a high standard, and was part of the [[Molesey Boat Club]] eight that won bronze at the [[2011 British Rowing Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.surreylife.co.uk/people/celebrity-interviews/interview-great-british-bake-off-winner-and-thames-ditton-resident-sophie-faldo-1-5356691|title=Interview: Great British Bake Off winner and Thames Ditton resident Sophie Faldo|website=Surrey Life}}</ref>

===Steven Carter-Bailey===
Steven Carter-Bailey (born 1982/83), one of the runners-up of the eighth series, was a marketer from [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]], at the time of the competition.<ref name="Oct2017 Telegraph">{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Wright |date=29 October 2017 |title=BBC bakers return for Channel 4's ''Bake Off'' festive specials |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/29/bbc-bakers-return-channel-4s-bake-festive-specials/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/29/bbc-bakers-return-channel-4s-bake-festive-specials/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |access-date=12 May 2021 |id={{ProQuest|1957038703}} }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Carter-Bailey re-competed against Tamal Ray (series six), Candice Brown (series seven, winner), and Kate Henry (series five) for the [[The Great British Bake Off#The Great Christmas/Festive Bake Off|2018–19 New Year's special]]. He was crowned the special's winner.<ref name="2018GBBO New Year">{{cite news |first=Ash |last=Percival |date=2 January 2019 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/great-british-bake-off-new-year-special-winner-stephen-carter-bailey-candice-brown_uk_5c2c765be4b0407e908643d6 |title=''Great British Bake Off'': Former Winner Candice Brown Loses Out on New Year Special Crown |work=[[HuffPost]] UK |access-date=5 May 2021 }}</ref>

Since ''Bake Off'', Carter-Bailey worked for [[ITV London]] covering London bakeries and released his first podcast, ''Feed My Curiosity'', in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/talent-shows/great-new-years-bake-off-cast-bakers/ |title=''The Great New Year's Bake Off'': meet the bakers |work=[[Radio Times]] |date=1 January 2019 |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Steven Carter-Bailey |url=https://www.bbcgoodfoodshow.com/the-show-experience/the-chefs/chef/steven-carter-bailey |publisher=[[BBC Good Food|BBC Good Food Shows]] |access-date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117061546/https://www.bbcgoodfoodshow.com/the-show-experience/the-chefs/chef/steven-carter-bailey |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Kate Lyon===
Kate Lyon (born 1987/88), one of the runners-up of the eighth series, was a health and safety inspector from [[Merseyside]] at the time of the competition.<ref name="Oct2017 Telegraph" /> As of September 2020, she studied for a [[master's degree]] in occupational health and safety.<ref name="GoodToKnow Sep2020">{{cite web |first=Grace |last=Walsh |date=25 September 2020 |title=''Great British Bake Off'' contestants: Where are they now? |url=https://www.goodto.com/food/bake-off-contestants-where-are-they-now-105581 |work=Good to Know |access-date=24 November 2021 }}</ref>

==Series 9 (2018)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 9}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series nine (2018)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count & weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"|Rahul Mandal
| 30 || Research scientist || [[Rotherham]] || 2 (2nd and 3rd) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"| Ruby Bhogal
| 29 || Project manager || London || 2 (8th and 9th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"|[[Kim-Joy|Kim-Joy Hewlett]]
| 27 || Mental health specialist || [[Leeds]] || 2 (5th and 7th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}
One of contestants this series was absent on the fourth week, leading the judges to decide not to eliminate anyone in that person's absence.

===Rahul Mandal (winner)===
Rahul Mandal (born 1987) is an Indian baker and engineering researcher, who won the [[The Great British Bake Off series 9|ninth series]] in 2018.<ref name=mandal-times-interview/> Mandal also works as an engineering researcher at the [[University of Sheffield]]'s Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre.

Mandal is an only child. Born in [[Howrah]], India, his mother was a housewife and his father runs a business supplying engineering parts across India.<ref name=mandal-times-interview>{{cite news|title=Rahul Mandal interview: 'I started baking out of loneliness – I didn't know how to meet people'|url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/food-drink/article/rahul-mandal-interview-i-started-baking-out-of-loneliness-i-didn-t-know-how-to-meet-people-qcvprppdq|access-date=20 November 2018|work=[[The Times]]|date=3 November 2018 |id={{ProQuest|2128511276}} }}</ref> Rahul graduated from the [[West Bengal University of Technology]] with a [[Bachelor's degree]] in electronics and communication engineering and then from the [[University of Calcutta]] with a [[master's degree]] in optics and optoelectronics. He came to the United Kingdom in 2010 on a scholarship to study for his PhD in Optical Metrology at [[Loughborough University]] and his thesis was on ''Calibration and Adjustment of Coherence Scanning Interferometry''.<ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Mandal|first=Rahul|date=24 April 2015|title=Calibration and adjustment of coherence scanning interferometry|url=https://hdl.handle.net/2134/17357|access-date=12 January 2022|website=Loughborough University Research Repository|hdl=2134/17357 |type=thesis }}</ref><ref name=mandal-times-satnam/> He joined the Nuclear AMRC in 2015.<ref name="UOS 08-2018">{{citation |publisher=[[The University of Sheffield]] |title=Sheffield researcher will feature on The Great British Bake Off |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/staff/news/bake-off-contestant-1.800622 |date=28 August 2018 |access-date=23 November 2018 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055335/https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/staff/news/bake-off-contestant-1.800622 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2018, Mandal won the ninth series, whose finals was viewed by 10 million households.<ref name=mandal-winner-channel4>{{cite news|title=Great British Bake Off: Final watched by 7.5 million viewers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-46029963|access-date=25 November 2018|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=31 October 2018}}</ref> He was then signed as a columnist for ''[[The Times Magazine]]'',<ref name=mandal-times-satnam>{{cite news|title=Bake Off winner Rahul: 'For the first two years in Britain, I didn't talk to anyone'|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/bake-off-winner-rahul-for-the-first-two-years-in-britain-i-didnt-talk-to-anyone-b6nnt9c63|access-date=24 November 2018|work=[[The Times]]|date=24 November 2018| last=Sanghera |first=Sathnam}}</ref> a part of the Saturday supplement of ''[[The Times]]'', and occasionally cooks on the [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] daytime show ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]''.<ref>{{cite news| title=Rahul's autumnal ginger and caramel cupcake| url=https://www.itv.com/thismorning/food/autumnal-ginger-and-caramel-cupcake-rahul-mandal-recipe| work=[[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], [[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]}}</ref> In 2018, Mandal became a self-declared [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] ambassador.<ref name=mandal-sheffield-stem>{{citation |publisher=Rotherham Advertiser |title=Bake-Off winner Rahul Mandal's campaign to make engineering "cool" for kids |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/news/view,bakeoff-winner-rahul-mandals-campaign-to-make-engineering-cool-for-kids_29575.htm |date=21 November 2018 |access-date=25 November 2018}}</ref>

Mandal married his fiancée in [[Kolkata]], India, on 5 December 2022.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=2022-12-05 |first=Sam |last=Burros |title=''Great British Baking Show'' Winner Rahul Mandal Gets Married in India |url=https://people.com/food/great-british-baking-show-winner-rahul-mandal-married-india/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=2022-12-08 }}</ref>

===Ruby Bhogal===
Ruby Bhogal (born 1988), one of runners-up of the ninth series, is a project manager in London. Bhogal has written columns for ''[[GQ]]'', ''The Luxury Lifestyle Magazine'' and ''GoodHomes''. She re-competed for the 2020 ''Bake Off'' Christmas special against eliminated non-finalists Jamie Finn (series ten), Rosie Brandreth-Poynter (series ten), and James Hillery (series eight).<ref>{{cite news |first=Lauren |last=Morris |date=14 December 2020 |title=Meet the contestants on Great British Bake Off's Christmas and New Year specials |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/reality-tv/great-british-bake-off-christmas-contestants-line-up/ |work=Radio Times |access-date=17 May 2021 }}</ref> She also made guest appearances on ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]'' and ''Steph's Packed Lunch''.

===Kim-Joy===
{{anchor|Kim-Joy Hewlett}} {{main|Kim-Joy}}
Kim-Joy Hewlett (born 1991), one of runners-up of the ninth series, was a [[mental health professional|psychological wellbeing practitioner]] at the time of the competition.<ref>{{cite news |first=Natasha |last=Hinde |date=22 August 2019 |title=Bake Off's Kim-Joy: 'It's Impossible To Be Positive All The Time, But That's What People See' |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/great-british-bake-off-kim-joy-its-impossible-to-be-positive-all-the-time-but-thats-what-people-see_uk_5d5408e9e4b0cfeed1a69999 |work=HuffPost UK |access-date=9 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite interview |author=Kim-Joy |date=12 November 2018 |title='I was pretty much mute at school': how ''Bake Off''{{'s}} Kim-Joy found happiness |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/nov/12/i-was-preety-much-mute-at-school-the-bake-offs-kim-joy |interviewer=Zoe Williams |work=The Guardian|location=London |access-date=1 June 2021 }}</ref> She has since released three cookbooks and written a baking column for ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hallinan |first=Bridget |date=8 January 2020 |title=8 Magical Photos from ''Great British Baking Show'' Finalist Kim-Joy's New Cookbook |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/news/great-british-baking-show-kim-joy-cookbook-preview-desserts |magazine=Food & Wine |access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/kim-joy |title=Kim-Joy |work=The Guardian|location=London |access-date=1 June 2021 }}</ref> She returned for ''The Great New Year Bake Off'' special, aired on 1 January 2022, against Jon Jenkins (series nine) and two other contestants of the [[The Great British Bake Off (series 11)|eleventh series]]—Hermine and Rowan Williams.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Julians |first=Joe |date=23 December 2021 |title=The Great British Bake Off New Year special: Release date speculation, hosts, judges and line-up |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/great-british-bake-off-new-year-special-release-date/ |work=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=8 January 2022 }}</ref> Kim-Joy was crowned its winner.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anderton |first=Joe |date=2 January 2022 |title=The Great British Bake Off confirms winner of New Year's special |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a38651184/great-british-bake-off-new-year-special-winner/ |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=8 January 2022 }}</ref>

==Series 10 (2019)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 10}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series ten (2019)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"|David Atherton
| 36 || International health adviser || [[Whitby]] || None || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"|Steph Blackwell
| 28 || Shop assistant || [[Chester]] || 4 (4th–6th, 8th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"|Alice Fevronia
| 28 || Geography teacher || [[Essex]] || 2 (2nd and 9th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

===David Atherton (winner)===
David Atherton was born in [[Whitby]], North Yorkshire in 1983 and lived in the village of [[Ruswarp]] until he was 18. He has four siblings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/mother-s-pride-after-whitby-s-david-atherton-wins-the-great-british-bake-off-1-10078270|title=Mother's pride after Whitby's David Atherton wins the Great British Bake Off|website=yorkshirepost.co.uk|access-date=29 October 2022|archive-date=14 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114120612/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/mother-s-pride-after-whitby-s-david-atherton-wins-the-great-british-bake-off-1-10078270|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet| author=David Atherton| user=nomadbakerdavid| number=1179657618731745280| title=I requested Bharatpedia to change mine and Amelia's hometown from London to our actual Northern hometowns. Amelias was changed but mine still says London. I'm from WHITBY Bharatpedia!| date=3 October 2019}}</ref> He studied art and design before deciding on a career in healthcare and training as a nurse.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/david-atherton-bake-off-2019-final-contestant-job-finalists-821479 |title=David Atherton: how the Bake Off 2019 contestant made it to the final, and what he does|first= Laura |last=Martin|date= 29 October 2019 |work=iNews }}</ref> He has a post-graduate degree in wilderness and expedition medicine, and works as a health adviser for [[Voluntary Service Overseas]]. Atherton followed in the footsteps of his mother who volunteered for VSO in Papua New Guinea in the 1970s.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vsointernational.org/news/blog/from-volunteer-nurse-to-great-british-bake-off-winner-david-atherton|title=From volunteer nurse to Great British Bake Off winner: David Atherton|date=27 August 2019|website=VSO}}</ref> Atherton has worked in various countries around the world, such as [[Côte d’Ivoire]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Papua New Guinea]] and [[Nigeria]], including a stint as a clinical instructor<ref name="auto"/> in [[Malawi]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.irishnews.com/magazine/entertainment/2019/10/29/news/david-atherton-s-life-or-death-experiences-kept-him-calm-on-bake-off-1751888/ |title=David Atherton's 'life or death' experiences kept him calm on Bake Off |date=29 October 2019 |work=[[The Irish News]]}}</ref><ref name=lusher>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/nov/06/bake-off-winner-david-atherton-i-enjoy-the-buns-innuendos |title=Bake Off winner David Atherton: 'I enjoy the buns innuendos!'|first=Tim |last=Lusher|date= 6 November 2019 |work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London }}</ref>

Atherton took part in the tenth series of ''[[The Great British Bake Off]]'', encouraged by friends in his pottery class.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/tv/2019-08-21/who-is-david-atherton-on-the-great-british-bake-off-meet-the-gbbo-2019-contestant-with-survival-skills/ |title=Who is David Atherton on the Great British Bake Off? Meet the GBBO 2019 contestant with survival skills |work=[[Radio Times]] |first=Lisa|last= Wehrstedt|date=21 August 2019}}</ref> He was crowned the winner.

Atherton started writing a cookery column for ''[[The Guardian]]'' in 2020 on food for fitness.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/series/fit-food-with-david-atherton |title=Fit food with David Atherton |work=The Guardian|location=London }}</ref> His first book, titled ''My First Cookbook,'' is a children's cookbook published by Walker books in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/walker-signs-gbbo-winners-childrens-cookbook-1150756|title=Walker signs GBBO winner's children's cookbook | The Bookseller|website=thebookseller.com}}</ref> In 2021, he published two additional follow-up versions for young cooks: ''My First Green Cookbook'' and ''Bake, Make, and Learn to Cook.'' In May 2021, he published ''Good to Eat,'' which focuses on delivering healthy twists to classic recipes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=David Atherton|url=https://www.amazon.com/kindle-dbs/entity/author/B09237JZJB?_encoding=UTF8&node=283155&offset=0&pageSize=12&searchAlias=stripbooks&sort=author-sidecar-rank&page=1&langFilter=default#formatSelectorHeader|access-date=2021-12-18|publisher=Amazon}}</ref>

David lives in [[South London]] with his partner Nik Sariyski, who is a visual merchandising manager at Nike.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thewashingtontime.com/who-is-bake-off-winner-david-athertons-partner-nik-sariyski/|title=Who is Bake Off winner David Atherton's partner Nik Sariyski?|date=29 October 2019|work=The Washington Times}}</ref><ref name=lusher /> He [[coming out|came out]] as gay at age 29.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/12/06/great-british-bake-off-winner-david-atherton-gay-coming-out/ |title=Bake Off winner David Atherton opens up about decision to come out as gay at the age of 29 |author=Emma Powys Maurice |date=6 December 2019|work=Pink News }}</ref>

===Steph Blackwell===
Steph Blackwell (born 21 January 1991), one of the runners-up of the tenth series, was a shop assistant at the time of the competition. Blackwell was awarded Star Baker four times. She has baked "simple and traditional" recipes.<ref>{{cite interview |first=Steph |last=Blackwell |date=13 November 2019 |title=How Steph Blackwell Broke Out of Her 'Introverted' Shell for ''The Great British Baking Show'' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/11/great-british-baking-show-steph-blackwell.html |interviewer=Devon Ivie |work=[[New York (magazine)#Vulture|Vulture]] |publisher=Vox Media }}</ref>

===Alice Fevronia===
Alice Fevronia (born 1990/91), one of runners-up of the tenth series, was a geography teacher from London at the time of the competition.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hogan |date=4 September 2019 |title=''The Great British Bake Off'' 2019, episode 2 review, Biscuit Week: Are the Instagram generation showing their worth? |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2019/09/03/great-british-bake-2019-episode-2-review-biscuit-week-instagram/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2019/09/03/great-british-bake-2019-episode-2-review-biscuit-week-instagram/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-status=live |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |id={{ProQuest|2283686524}} |access-date=15 June 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> She has written column articles for the ''Delish'' website.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.delish.com/uk/author/226606/alice-fevronia/ |title=Alice Fevronia |work=Delish |access-date=15 June 2021 }}</ref>

==Series 11 (2020)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 11}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series eleven (2020)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"|Peter Sawkins
| 20 || Accounting and finance student || [[Edinburgh]] || 2 (1st and 9th) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"|Dave Friday
| 30 || Armoured security guard || [[Waterlooville]], [[Hampshire]] || 1 (2nd) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"|Laura Adlington
| 31 || Digital manager || [[Gravesend]], [[Kent]] || 1 (5th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Peter Sawkins (winner)===
Peter Sawkins (born 30 June 2000) is a Scottish baker and student from [[Currie, Edinburgh|Currie]], Edinburgh. He won the [[The Great British Bake Off (series 11)|eleventh series]] in 2020, which was filmed under special circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |title=The Great British Bake Off crowns its 2020 winner |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-55056352|date=24 November 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref> He won the title of [[List of The Great British Bake Off Star Bakers|Star Baker]] twice on the show and is known for his [[gluten-free]] fancies.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shennan|first=Rhona|date=25 November 2020|title=Who is Bake Off winner Peter Sawkins? Meet the Edinburgh University student who triumphed on GBBO 2020|work=Edinburgh Live|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/who-bake-winner-peter-sawkins-meet-edinburgh-university-student-who-triumphed-gbbo-2020-2973520}}</ref> He was the youngest contestant in the 2020 series, as well as the youngest winner and youngest finalist in the history of the competition.<ref>{{cite news|last=Butterworth|first=Benjamin|date=25 November 2020|title=Who won Bake Off 2020? Peter Sawkins crowned youngest winner in tense final – here's what happened|work=iNews|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/bake-off-2020-who-won-peter-sawkins-winner-gbbo-final-results-what-happened-771102}}</ref>

Sawkins first became interested in baking at the age of 12 after watching the [[The Great British Bake Off series 3|third series]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/18739569.great-british-bake-off-series-11-episode-one/ |title=The Great British Bake Off, series 11, episode one |first=Alison|last= Rowat |work=The Herald|date=22 September 2020 }}</ref> He plays [[badminton]], and has played in national competitions in the sport since 2012. He was a member of the 65th Edinburgh company of the Boys' Brigade.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://boys-brigade.org.uk/three-in-a-row-for-65th/ |title=Three in a row for 65th! |date= 2 May 2017|work= The Boys Brigade}}</ref> He was also president of the badminton club at the [[University of Edinburgh]], where he studied accounting and finance.<ref name="shennan">{{cite news |first=Rhona |last=Shennan |date=25 November 2020 |title=Who is Bake Off winner Peter Sawkins? Meet the Edinburgh University student who triumphed on GBBO 2020 |url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/who-bake-winner-peter-sawkins-meet-edinburgh-university-student-who-triumphed-gbbo-2020-2973520 |work=Edinburgh Live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/18898640.great-british-bake-off-perfect-peter-sawkins-becomes-first-scot-win/ |title= Great British Bake Off: 'Perfect' Peter Sawkins becomes first Scot to win |first=Richard |last=Mason|date= 25 November 2020 |work=The National}}</ref> In 2023, Peter graduated from the University with a degree in accountancy and finance<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/new-graduates/your-personal-growth |title=Resource for New Graduates: Your Wellbeing |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[University of Edinburgh]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731221529/https://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/new-graduates/your-personal-growth |archive-date=2024-07-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> and was subsequently elected President of the Edinburgh University Sports Union (EUSU) for a one-year term.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uoesport.ed.ac.uk/news/in-conversation-student-sport-and-mental-health |title=In Conversation – Student Sport and Mental Health |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[University of Edinburgh]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703150444/https://uoesport.ed.ac.uk/news/in-conversation-student-sport-and-mental-health |archive-date=2024-07-03}}</ref>

He wrote the cookbooks ''Peter Bakes'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Peter Bakes'' |url=https://blackandwhitepublishing.com/products/peter-bakes |access-date=2022-01-16 |website=Black & White Publishing }}</ref> and ''Peter's Baking Party'' (2022).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://blackandwhitepublishing.com/products/peters-baking-party |title=''Peter's Baking Party'' |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Black & White Publishing }}</ref>

===Laura Adlington===
Laura Adlington (born 28 November 1988), one of runners-up of the eleventh series, was a digital manager at the time of the competition.<ref name="LATimes2020">{{cite news |first1=Meredith |last1=Blake |first2=Robert |last2=Lloyd |date=27 November 2020 |title=''Great British Baking Show'' 2020: We break down the season finale, snubs and surprises |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2020-11-27/great-british-baking-show-finale-netflix-snubs-surprises |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=17 June 2021 }}</ref> Due to her bakes throughout the series judged as often flavourful but poorly constructed and presented, her placement in the finals was widely criticised by viewers. Laura suffered from [[cyberbullying]] via social media.<ref name="Perfect Winner Peter">{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Hogan |date=24 November 2020 |title=Great British Bake Off 2020 final, live: Peter Sawkins crowned youngest ever winner in closely fought final |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2020/11/24/great-british-bake-2020-final-live-winner-updates/ |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |id={{ProQuest|2463847047}} |access-date=9 October 2022 }}</ref> Judges [[Paul Hollywood]] and [[Prue Leith]] expressed support for Adlington. Via [[Instagram]], Hollywood criticised the cyberbullying as "disgusting behaviour".<ref name="disgusting behaviour">{{cite news |title=Paul Hollywood Defends ''Great British Bake Off'' Finalist Laura Following 'Disgusting Behaviour' from Trolls |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/paul-hollywood-defends-laura-adlington-great-british-bake-off-2020-final_uk_5fb61f46c5b6f00bd84d79ea |work=[[HuffPost UK]] |access-date=9 October 2022 }}</ref>

In May 2021, Adlington announced her extended interests in [[plus-size clothing]], planning to show that such clothing is more than just "black and baggy" but rather "glamorous" and "nice".<ref>{{cite news |first=Bethan |last=Holt |date=13 May 2021 |title=''Bake Off''{{'}}s Laura Adlington on her plus-size style mission: 'I want to help women feel good about themselves' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/bake-offs-laura-adlington-plus-size-style-mission-want-help/ |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |id={{ProQuest|2526781532}} |access-date=9 October 2022 }}</ref>

===Dave Friday===
Dave Friday (born 1989/90), one of runners-up of the eleventh series, was a security guard at the time of the competition.<ref name="LATimes2020" /> Dave has a son born in 2020 to his fiancée, to whom he proposed in that same year in ''[[The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice|An Extra Slice]]''.<ref>{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Edwards |date=28 November 2020 |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a34808028/bake-off-dave-friday-proposes-girlfriend-extra-slice/ |title=The Great British Bake Off finalist Dave Friday proposes to girlfriend on Extra Slice |work=Digital Spy |access-date=17 June 2021 }}</ref>

==Series 12 (2021)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 12}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series twelve (2021)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"| Giuseppe Dell'Anno
| 45 || Chief engineer || [[Bristol]] || 2 (3rd and 5th) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"| Chigs Parmar
| 40 || Sales manager || [[Leicester]] || 2 (4th and 8th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"| Crystelle Pereira
| 26 || Client relationship manager || London || 2 (6th and 9th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Giuseppe Dell'Anno (winner)===
{{anchor|Giuseppe Dell'Anno}} [[File:Giuseppe Dell'Anno.jpg|thumb|upright]]
Giuseppe Dell'Anno (born 1976), the winner of the [[The Great British Bake Off (series 12)|twelfth series]], was a chief engineer from [[Bristol]] and an [[Fellow#Industry and corporate fellows|industrial fellow]] of the [[University of Bristol]] at the time of the competition.<ref name="Telegraph Giuseppe Oct2021">{{cite news |date=10 November 2021 |first=Michael |last=Hogan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2021/10/13/great-european-bake-team-giuseppe-team-jurgen/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2021/10/13/great-european-bake-team-giuseppe-team-jurgen/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=The Great European Bake Off: are you Team Giuseppe or Team Jürgen? |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |id={{ProQuest|2595775492}} |access-date=17 November 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> He studied [[chemical engineering]] in the [[University of Pisa]].<ref name="Giuseppe Times 2022" />{{verify source|date=October 2022}} He and his wife moved to the United Kingdom in 2002 and have lived there since.<ref name="Giuseppe Times 2022">{{cite web |url= https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/article/great-british-bake-off-winner-giuseppe-dell-anno-interview-jjqrt752c |url-access=subscription |title= Bake Off winner Giuseppe Dell'Anno: 'I want Paul Hollywood's job' |first= Michael |last= Odell |date= 19 October 2022 |work= [[The Times]] |access-date= 21 October 2022}} Published on 20 October 2022 print edition (p. 5) as "Watch out, Paul Hollywood! This Bake Off champ wants your job" ({{Gale|A723377487}}).</ref>

Dell'Anno won Star Baker twice.<ref name="Telegraph Giuseppe Oct2021" /> Throughout the competition, his bakes were Italian-inspired. He became the first [[Italians in the United Kingdom|Italian]] to win the competition after presenting his [[Mad Hatter]]'s Tea Party Showstopper, "What Is the Hatter with Me", featuring a [[brioche]] resembling a mushroom, panna cottas, heart-shaped muffins, and an asparagus and peas caterpillar-shaped [[choux]].<ref name="Giuseppe Times 2022" /><ref>{{cite news |title=The Great British Bake Off crowns its 2021 winner |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-59390446 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=24 November 2021 }}</ref> He also made a guest appearance on the fifth episode of the 2022 season of ''{{ill|Bake Off Italia|it|Bake Off Italia – Dolci in forno|es|Bake Off Italia – Dolci in forno}}''.<ref name="Giuseppe Times 2022" /> From that same year 2022 onward, he also wrote his regular column "Britalian Bake-Off Review" column for the ''[[Radio Times]]'', recapping episodes of ''Bake Off''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dell'Anno |first1=Giuseppe |title=Britalian Bake Off review: Giuseppe on "unfair" Custard Week and final 5 contestants |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/bake-off-review-week-7-giuseppe-exclusive/ |access-date=28 October 2022 |work=[[Radio Times]] |date=26 October 2022}}</ref>

Dell'Anno's father was a professional chef and has been diagnosed with [[Alzheimer's disease]]. Giuseppe is still married to his wife with three sons.<ref name="Telegraph Giuseppe Oct2021" /><ref name="Giuseppe Times 2022" />

Giuseppe has written the following cookbooks: '' Giuseppe's Italian Bakes'' (2022), which includes recipes based on his father's lifetime notes;<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bristolworld.com/news/bristols-gbbo-winner-giuseppe-dellanno-announces-his-debut-cookbook-3717223 |title= Bristol's GBBO winner Giuseppe Dell'Anno announces his debut cookbook |first= Bethan |last= Andrews |date= 6 June 2022 |work= Bristol World |access-date= 8 October 2022}}</ref> and ''Giuseppe's Easy Bakes'' (2023).

===Chigs Parmar===
Will Chirag Parmar<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Andrea |last1=Wurzburger |first2=Sophie |last2=Dodd |date=10 November 2021 |title=25 of the Sexiest Men You Can Watch on TV Now |url=https://people.com/tv/sexiest-men-on-tv-2021/?slide=c06c932e-f84a-4599-9a44-544326c59e8a#c06c932e-f84a-4599-9a44-544326c59e8a |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref> (born 1980/81), nicknamed "Chigs", one of runners-up of the twelfth series, was a sales manager from [[Leicestershire]] at the time of the competition.<ref name="People2021">{{cite magazine |first=Dave |last=Quinn |date=4 November 2021 |title=Meet Chigs Parmar: ''The Great British Baking Show''{{'}}s Breakout Star |url=https://people.com/food/chigs-the-great-british-baking-show/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2021 |first=Grace |last=Henry |title=Why Chigs is our Bake Off 2021 winner |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/great-british-bake-off-2021-winner-chigs/ |work=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref> Parmar started baking in 2020 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="People2021" /> He won Star Baker twice.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=McCann |date=10 November 2021 |title=Great British Bake Off 2021: Who left bake off last night, who won star baker and Free From Week episode recap |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/great-british-bake-off-2021-who-left-bake-off-last-night-who-won-star-baker-and-free-from-week-episode-recap-3452176 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The News Letter]] |location=Belfast |id={{ProQuest|2596127163}} |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref> He has one sister.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=McCann |date=13 October 2021 |title=Great British Bake Off 2021: Who left bake off week 4, who won star baker and Dessert Week recap |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/great-british-bake-off-2021-who-left-bake-off-week-4-who-won-star-baker-and-dessert-week-recap-3417167 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The News Letter]] |location=Belfast |id={{ProQuest|2581909295}} |access-date=17 November 2021 }}</ref>

Parmar returned for the 2023 ''Bake Off'' New Year special, competing against Lottie Bedlow (series eleven) and two other contestants of series nine—Antony Amourdoux and Manon Lagrève. Parmar lost to its winner Lagrève.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Sarkisian |date=1 January 2023 |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/reality-tv/a42375481/bake-off-new-year-special-winner-manon/ |title=''The Great British Bake Off'' confirms winner of 2023 New Year's special |publisher=[[Digital Spy]] |access-date=3 January 2023 }}</ref>

===Crystelle Pereira===
Crystelle Pereira (born 1995), one of runners-up of the twelfth series, was a client relationship manager from London at the time of the competition. Pereira is of a [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[Goans|Goan]] descent. Her Portuguese-Goan parents were born in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anita |last=Singh |date=14 September 2021 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/09/14/oldies-back-key-ingredient-great-british-bake/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/09/14/oldies-back-key-ingredient-great-british-bake/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Oldies back as a key ingredient in The Great British Bake Off |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |access-date=17 November 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> She won Star Baker twice.

==Series 13 (2022)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 13}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series thirteen (2022)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row" | Syabira Yusoff
| 32 || Cardiovascular research associate || London || 3 (6th–8th) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row" | Nelsandro "Sandro" Farmhouse
| 30 || Nanny || London || 1 (5th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row" | Abdul Rehman Sharif
| 29 || Electronics engineer || [[London]] || 1 (9th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

Abdul and another contestant this series was absent on the third week, leading the judges to decide not to eliminate anyone in their absence.

===Syabira Yusoff (winner)===
Syabira Yusoff was a London cardiovascular research associate of [[King's College London]] since 2019<ref name="5min with Syabira">{{cite interview |first=Syabira |last=Yusoff |date=20 September 2022 |title=5 minutes with ''The Great British Bake Off''{{'}}s Syabira Yusoff |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/5-minutes-with-the-great-british-bake-offs-syabira-yusoff }}</ref> at the time of competition. Yusoff was born in [[Malaysia]],<ref name="Syabira RadioTimes">{{cite magazine |first=James |last=Hibbs |date=8 November 2022 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/great-british-bake-off-2022-syabira-contestant/ |title=Meet Syabira, Great British Bake Off 2022 contestant and avid gamer |magazine=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=9 November 2022 }}</ref> where she earned her [[bachelor's degree]] in [[agricultural science]].<ref name="5min with Syabira" /> Then she immigrated to the United Kingdom in 2013 to study [[genetics]] and [[bioinformatics]] for her [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) degree.<ref name="5min with Syabira" /><ref name="Syabira RadioTimes" />

Yusoff started baking in 2017 and has reinvented British classic bakes with Malaysian flavours. She won the Star Baker award three consecutive times in the [[The Great British Bake Off (series 13)|thirteenth series]].<ref name="Syabira RadioTimes" /> Yusoff was crowned the 2022 winner<ref name="2022 finals Guardian">{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Bryan |date=15 November 2022 |title=''The Great British Bake Off'' 2022 final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/live/2022/nov/15/the-great-british-bake-off-2022-final-live |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London |access-date=15 November 2022 }}</ref> and became the first Malaysian-born ''Bake Off'' winner after delivering her own "Summer Picnic" signature bake—[[pork pie|pork-less pie]] alternative, heart-shaped [[tea sandwich]]es served "with broad bean and sauce [[verde (grape)|verde]]", and [[Swiss roll]]s infused with [[elderflower]]—and her planet-themed Showstopper bake "This Is My Home".<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Antonia |last=DeBianchi |date=18 November 2022 |title=''The Great British Baking Show'' Crowns a New Winner for the 2022 Season |url=https://people.com/food/great-british-baking-show-winner-2022-season/ |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=19 November 2022 }}</ref>

===Sandro Farmhouse===
Nelsandro "Sandro" Farmhouse, one of runners-up of the thirteenth series,<ref name="2022 finals Guardian" /> was a London nanny at the time of competition. Farmhouse was born in [[Angola]]. At age two, he and his mother escaped from the [[Angolan Civil War]] in early 1990s. His interest in baking rose after his father died in early 2010s when Farmhouse was twenty-one years old. He has run virtual baking lessons for [[autism|autistic]] children.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=James |last=Hibbs |date=8 November 2022 |title=Meet Sandro, Great British Bake Off 2022 contestant and nanny |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/great-british-bake-off-2022-sandro-contestant/ |magazine=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=9 November 2022 }}</ref> He only won the Star Baker award once: in the fifth (Desserts) week of the thirteenth series.<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Bryan |date=11 October 2022 |title=The Great British Bake Off 2022: episode five – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/live/2022/oct/11/the-great-british-bake-off-2022-episode-five-live |work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London |access-date=9 November 2022 }}</ref>

===Abdul Rehman Sharif===
Abdul Rehman Sharif, one of runners-up of the thirteenth series,<ref name="2022 finals Guardian" /> was a London [[electronics engineer]] at the time of competition. Born to his Pakistani parents, Sharif grew up in [[Saudi Arabia]]. He gained an interest in baking when he and his graduate colleagues exchanged their bakes during their coffee breaks. He studied engineering and mathematics during his academic years and later applied what he learned to his bakes.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Grace |last=Henry |date=8 November 2022 |title=Meet Abdul, Great British Bake Off 2022 contestant and electronics engineer |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/abdul-bake-off-2022-contestant/ |magazine=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=9 November 2022 }}</ref> He won the Star Baker award only in the semifinal (Pâtisserie) week of the thirteenth series.<ref>{{cite news |first=Scott |last=Bryan |date=8 November 2022 |title=The Great British Bake Off 2022 semi-final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/live/2022/nov/08/the-great-british-bake-off-2022-semi-final-live |access-date=9 November 2022 }}</ref>

==Series 14 (2023)==
{{Further|The Great British Bake Off series 14}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series fourteen (2023)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row"|Matty Edgell
| 28 || Teacher || [[Cambridgeshire]] || 2 (4th and 8th) || {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row"|Dan Hunter
| 42 || Resource planner || [[Cheshire]] || 2 (1st and 7th) || {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row"|Josh Smalley
| 27 || Research associate || [[Leicestershire]] || 2 (6th and 9th) || {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Matty Edgell (winner)===
Matty Edgell was a 28-year-old science<ref name="Times2023 Edgell">{{cite news |first= Julia Llewellyn |last=Smith |title=Nobody knew I baked. I never mentioned it. |newspaper=[[The Times]] |page=16 |id={{Gale| A775771838}} }}</ref> and [[physical education]] teacher of [[Hampton College, Peterborough]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hamptoncollege.org.uk/news-events/mr-edgell-wins-the-great-british-bake-off-2023/ |title=Mr Edgell wins ''The Great British Bake Off 2023''! |website=[[Hampton College, Peterborough|Hampton College]] |date=30 November 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref> when first competed in ''Bake Off''. His partner Lara applied to the competition on his behalf after he won a school baking contest in 2019.<ref name="Times2023 Edgell" /> He was crowned winner of the fourteenth series of ''Bake Off''.

Edgell and Lara became engaged in 2022 after eight years of the relationship.<ref name="Times2023 Edgell" /><ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Antonia |last1=DeBianchi |first2=Sabrina |last2=Weiss |date=1 December 2023 |title=''The Great British Baking Show'' Crowns a New Champ – and Then the Winner Confirms Wedding Plans! |url=https://people.com/the-great-british-baking-show-crowns-new-winner-2023-matty-edgell-engaged-8409369 |magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]] |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref>

===Dan Hunter===
Dan Hunter, a married father of two sons,<ref>{{cite news |first=Ben |last=Dowell |date=29 November 2023 |title=Matty rises to occasion (even if this year felt flat) |newspaper=[[The Times]] |id={{Gale|A774501293}} |page=29 }}</ref> works in a [[civil engineering]] field<ref>{{cite news |first=Katelyn |last=Mensah |date= 21 September 2023 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/dan-great-british-bake-off-2023-contestant/ |title=Meet Dan, Great British Bake Off 2023 contestant and pie lover |work=[[Radio Times]] |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref> and was one of runners-up of the fourteenth ''Bake Off'' series at age 42.

===Josh Smalley===
Josh Smalley, a [[University of Leicester]] alumni and chemistry researcher,<ref>{{cite news |title=Chemistry researcher joins next series of ''Great British Bake Off'' |url=https://le.ac.uk/news/2023/september/joshua-smalley-bake-off |website=[[University of Leicester]] |date=19 September 2023 |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref> was one of runners-up of the fourteenth series who was awarded Star Baker twice. Smalley earned his undergraduate degree, [[Master of Chemistry]] degree in [[pharmaceutical chemistry]], and [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree in [[chemical biology]] from the same university.<ref>{{cite interview |first=Josh |last=Smalley |date=11 December 2023 |url=https://le.ac.uk/news/2023/december/josh-smalley-bake-off |title=Leicester's showstopping chemist on his Bake-Off experiment |access-date=20 December 2023 }}</ref>

==Series 15 (2024)==
{{further|The Great British Bake Off series 15}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series fifteen (2024)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row" | Georgie Grasso
| align="center" | 34
| Paediatric nurse
| [[Carmarthenshire]]
| 2 (4th and 8th)
| {{Won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row" | Christiaan de Vries
| align="center" | 33
| Menswear designer
| [[London]] (originally from the [[Netherlands]])
| 1 (9th)
| {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row" | Dylan Bachelet
| align="center" | 20
| Retail assistant
| [[Buckinghamshire]]
| 2 (3rd and 7th)
| {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Georgie Grasso (winner)===
Georgie Grasso, aged 34 at time of competition, is a nurse from [[Carmarthen]] and of Italian descent. She lives on a farm with her husband their three children.<ref name="RadioTimes2024">{{Cite news |title=The Great British Bake Off 2024 cast— Confirmed contestants for new season |last=Colombo |first=Charlotte |date=2024-11-26 |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/great-british-bake-off-2024-cast/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |last2=Mensah |first2=Katelyn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/showbiz/bake-star-georgie-grassos-mental-30458367|title=Bake Off star Georgie Grasso's mental health journey and heartbreaking meaning behind tattoo|work=Wales Online|first=Bethany|last=Gavaghan|date=26 November 2024|accessdate=1 December 2025}}</ref> She is revealed to have been diagnosed with [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD) before the fifteenth series aired.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bake Off's Georgie says ADHD gives her hyperfocus |last=Mercer |first=Rosie |date=2024-09-23 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9wkrp1wvz9o |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> Grasso became the series's crowned winner<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bake Off winner 'completely overwhelmed' after final |last=Cassidy |first=Maria |date=2024-11-27 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czr7d02p8m1o |access-date=2025-01-31 |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> and was also ''The Great British Bake Off'''s first Welsh winner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyk52yjzpzo|title=Winning Bake Off has 'changed my life'|work=BBC News|first=Annell|last=Dyfri|date=25 December 2024|accessdate=1 December 2025}}</ref>

===Christiaan de Vries===
Christiaan de Vries, aged 33 at the time of competition, was born in the Netherlands. He studied fashion in Amsterdam and then immigrated to the United Kingdom in 2017.<ref name="RadioTimes2024" /> de Vries became one of the runners-up of the fifteenth series.

===Dylan Bachelet===
Dylan Bachelet, aged 20 at time of competition, worked as a retail assistant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Molly |last2=Mensah |first2=Katelyn |date=27 November 2024 |title=Meet Dylan, Great British Bake Off 2024 contestant and retail assistant |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/dylan-great-british-bake-off-2024-contestant/ |access-date=7 October 2025 |website=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref> He became one of the runners-up of the fifteenth series. Bachelet's recipes, includings ones seen in the series, have been inspired by Japanese- and French-style bakes.<ref name="RadioTimes2024" /> After ''Bake Off'', he became a [[chef de partie]] at the Michelin-starred [[Five Fields (restaurant)|Five Fields]] in [[Chelsea, London]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dylan Bachelet's London: The 'Bake Off' Finalist's Top Picks |url=https://guide.michelin.com/sg/en/article/travel/great-british-bake-off-dylan-bachelet-london-recommendations |publisher=Michelin Guide |date=27 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Baking Show's 'Jack Sparrow' Is More Artist Than Pirate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/02/style/dylan-bachelet-british-baking-show.html |work=New York Times |date=2 December 2024}}</ref><ref name="Hogan">{{cite news |last1=Hogan |first1=Michael |title='The Jack Sparrow of baking': Bake Off's breakout star Dylan Bachelet on fame, fans and life outside the tent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/nov/30/bake-off-dylan-bachelet-breakout-star |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2024}}</ref> Five Fields eventually closed permanently on 28 February 2025.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Michelin-starred Chelsea restaurant The Five Fields is closing after 12 years |first=Amy |last=Houghton |date=27 February 2025 |url=https://www.timeout.com/london/news/michelin-starred-chelsea-restaurant-the-five-fields-is-closing-after-12-years-022725 |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] }}</ref>

Born to his Indian mother and Japanese-Belgian father,<ref name="RadioTimes2024" /> Bachelet attended [[Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bucksherald.co.uk/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/aylesbury-contestant-emerges-as-fan-favourite-on-latest-great-british-bake-off-season-4857250|title=Aylesbury contestant emerges as fan favourite on latest Great British Bake Off season|website=Bucks Herald|first=James|last=Lowson|date=2024-11-07|access-date=2024-12-03 |language=en}}</ref> He achieved four A's at [[A-level]] and started a degree in [[biomedical engineering]] before dropping out to pursue a culinary career. Bachelet trained at Raymond Blanc's two Michelin starred [[Belmond Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons|Le Manoir]] in Oxfordshire.<ref name="Doig">{{cite news |last1=Doig |first1=Stephen |title=The Bake Off star who is now a global fashion influencer |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/dylan-bachelet-bake-off-fashion-star/ |work=The Telegraph |date=26 December 2024}}</ref>

==Series 16 (2025)==
{{further|The Great British Bake Off series 16}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable col2center col5center"
|+ Finalists of series sixteen (2025)
|-
! scope="col"|Baker
! scope="col"|Age (on show debut)
! scope="col"|Occupation
! scope="col"|Hometown
! scope="col"|Star Baker (count and weeks)
! scope="col"|Result
|-
! scope="row" | Jasmine Mitchell
| align="center" | 23
| Medical student
| Edinburgh
| 5 (3rd–4th, 6th, 8th–9th)
| {{won|Winner}}
|-
! scope="row" | Aaron Mountford-Myles
| align="center" | 38
| Senior systems architect
| Stoke-on-Trent
| 1 (5th)
| {{Runner-up}}
|-
! scope="row" | Tom Arden
| align="center" | 31
| Creative Entrepreneur
| London
| 1 (2nd)
| {{Runner-up}}
|}

===Jasmine Mitchell (winner)===
Jasmine Mitchell was a 23-year-old medical student on her fifth year out of six at the time of competition.<ref name="BBC alopecia">{{Cite news |title='Alopecia changed my perception of beauty' says ''Bake Off'' winner |date=2025-11-05 |url=https://bbc.com/news/articles/cn4025v391zo |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="Woman Alive">{{Cite interview |title=''Bake Off'' winner Jasmine on praying in the tent |last=Mitchell |first=Jasmine |interviewer=Jemimah Wright |url=https://www.womanalive.co.uk/bake-off-winner-jasmine-on-praying-in-the-tent/20549.article |date=2025-11-25 |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=Woman Alive}}</ref> With [[alopecia]] diagnosis since age twelve, she had been unable to leave home without a wig.<ref name="BBC alopecia" /> She was unable to wear it at her trip to Vietnam years ago due to [[Climate of Vietnam|the country's "humid" climate]].<ref name="Woman Alive" /> Much to her astonishment, the locals were more accepting to her without a wig, so she has not worn it since 2022, three years before ''Bake Off''.<ref name="BBC alopecia" /><ref name="Woman Alive" />

Before ''Bake Off'', Mitchell had cooked a lot more than baking. Furthermore, she describe her admittance to ''Bake Off'' as "spontaneous" because she became interested in baking after attending a lecture using ''Bake Off'' examples. She applied one year prior to being cast to prevent her friend from doing so on her behalf. Throughout the sixteenth series, she had used her problem-solving skills from her medical experience for her bakes, relied "on God's strength" rather than solely her own, and been able to organise "under pressure". She earned her first Star Baker title on the third week of the series.<ref name="Woman Alive" /> She further won Star Baker four more times—totalling to five, tying with Richard Burr of [[The Great British Bake Off series 5|the fifth series]]—and then was crowned the winner of the sixteenth series.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Colossal cakes and a close contest: ''The Great British Bake Off'': The Final (Channel 4) |date=2025-11-05 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |at=News section, p. 11 |issn=0307-1235 |id={{ProQuest|3268532675}}}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Lovely Bakes, No Wig |last=Moore |first=Kellina |date=2025-11-07 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=1553-8095 |id=3269485924}}</ref> In the finale, the judges praised her Signature and Showstopper bakes.<ref name="Telegraph 4Nov2025">{{Cite news |title=The ''Bake Off'' final: Was 'extraordinary' Jasmine or stylish Tom crowned champion? |last=Hogan |first=Michael |date=2025-11-04 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |id={{ProQuest|3268512059}}}}</ref>

Since winning ''Bake Off'', Mitchell baked three more times but still has been still passionate more about cooking and has perceived food to be "about connection and community." Furthermore, she planned to finish medical school and to "become a doctor" but thought about writing a cookbook and further television appearances.<ref name="Woman Alive" />

===Aaron Mountford-Myles===
Aaron Mountford-Myles, an [[information technology]] professional at the time of competition, became one of runners-up of the sixteenth series. In the finale, the judges criticised his Showstopper bake for not only its lackluster flavour but also being over-baked.<ref name="Telegraph 4Nov2025" /> After ''Bake Off'', he admitted to [[BBC Radio Stoke]] that he has hated making cakes, despite such requests, but still likes baking. He is studying [[analytics]] for his [[master's degree]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=''Bake Off'' finalist says he 'hates baking cakes' |last=McIntyre |first=Alex |date=2025-12-15 |url=https://bbc.com/news/articles/c5ydvq3x1qzo |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=[[BBC News]] |last2=Blakeman |first2=Lee |quote=Looking towards Christmas, the baker said he would be making a triple chocolate tart for his cousin Grace and might recreate his trifle from the show.}}</ref> He further described his time in ''Bake Off'' as the "best thing" he did.<ref>{{Cite news |title='''Bake Off'' is the best thing I've ever done' |last=Khan |first=Shehnaz |date=2025-09-02 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8z8yyj13eo |access-date=2026-02-13 |work=[[BBC News]] |last2=Upton |first2=Phil}}</ref>

===Tom Arden===
Thomas Arden became one of runners-up of the sixteenth series. In the finale, Tom Arden accidentally used citric acid instead of salt for his Signature bake, affecting its edibility. His final Showstopper bake was praised for its presentation and taste.<ref name="Telegraph 4Nov2025" />

==See also==
* [[List of The Great British Bake Off contestants|List of ''The Great British Bake Off'' contestants]]
* [[List of The Great British Bake Off Star Bakers|List of ''The Great British Bake Off'' Star Bakers]]

==References==

===General===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-8/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 8 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-9/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 9 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-10/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 10 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-11/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 11 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-12/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 12 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
* {{cite web |url=https://thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk/bakers/series-13/ |title=The Bakers (Rising Stars) – Series 13 |work=The Great British Bake Off |access-date=7 October 2022 }}
{{refend}}

===Specific===
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite web |first=Stuart |last=Heritage |date=8 October 2014 |title=The Great British Bake Off: every contestant ranked in order of greatness |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2014/oct/07/every-great-british-bake-off-contestant-ranked-in-order-of-greatness |work=The Guardian|location=London |access-date=22 March 2021 }}

{{The Great British Bake Off}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of The Great British Bake Off finalists (series 8-present)}}
[[Category:The Great British Bake Off contestants|*]]
[[Category:Lists of reality show participants|Great British Bake Off finalists (series 8-present)]]

Pandabeswar Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T14:43:53Z

DebraToney89: Created A Stub - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{About|the assembly constituency in West Bengal|1 its namesake community development block|Pandabeswar (community development block)|2 its namesake operational area of ECL|Pandaveswar Area|3 its namesake administrative centre|Pandabeswar}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Pandabeswar
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Pandaveswar.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Pandabeswar Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Jitendra Tewari]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Paschim Bardhaman district|Paschim Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)|Asansol]]
| constituency_no = 275
| established = 2011
| electors = 167,922
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Pandabeswar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Paschim Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 275 Pandabeswar assembly constituency covers [[Pandabeswar (community development block)|Pandabeswar]] and [[Faridpur-Durgapur (community development block)|Faridpur-Durgapur]] community development blocks.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web | url = http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2010-08-21 | publisher = Government of West Bengal | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110813092204/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf | archive-date = 2011-08-13 }}</ref>

Pandabeswar assembly segment is part of No. 40 [[Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Gouranga Chatterjee
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Jitendra Tiwari]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Narendranath Chakraborty]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Pandabeswar}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jitendra Tiwari
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 80501
|percentage = 46.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Narendranath Chakraborty
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = 79103
|percentage = 45.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Prabir Kumar Mondal
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = 8048
|percentage = 4.61
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Uttam Kumar Roy
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1273
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jubed Sekh
|party = Janata Unnayan Party
|votes = 252
|percentage = 0.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dana Goswami
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 360
|percentage = 0.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1289
|percentage = 0.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1398
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 174712
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = BJP
|loser = TMC
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Pandabeswar<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/pandabeswar-west-bengal-election-result-2021| title = Pandabeswar Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |accessdate = 11 May 2021 }}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate= [[Narendranath Chakraborty]] |votes=73,922|percentage=44.99|change=-0.06}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Jitendra Tiwari]]|votes=70,119|percentage=42.68|change=+33.75}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Subhas Bauri|votes=12,196|percentage=7.42|change=-80.69}}
{{Election box candidate||party=[[Independent politician|IND]]|candidate=Sanjay Yadav|votes=2,273|percentage=1.38|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Rakesh Kumar Das|votes=1,137|percentage=0.69|change=}}

{{Election box majority||votes=3,803|percentage=2.35|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,64,646|percentage=77.68|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Pandabeswar]]<ref name=vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2016/west-bengal/pandabeswar/ |title = Pandabeswar Assembly Election 2016 LIVE Results & Latest News: Election Dates, Results, Live Update Winning Candidates & Parties | work = Pandabeswar Assembly Election 2016 Votes | publisher = India.com |accessdate = 11 May 2021}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Jitendra Tiwari]]|votes=68,600|percentage=45.04|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Gouranga Chatterjee|votes=63,130|percentage=41.44|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= Jiten Chatterjee |votes=13,604|percentage= 8.93|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Asim Kumar Bhattacharjee|votes=1,580|percentage=1.04|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above||candidate=None of the above||votes=2,653|percentage=1.74|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=5,470|percentage=3.59|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,52,403|percentage=79.81|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Pandabeswar]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25275.htm |title = Pandaveswar |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=275| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529222947/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=275| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pandaveswar| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Pandaveswar |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-09 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030706/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_5th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Gouranga Chatterjee
|votes = 67,240
|percentage = 49.69
|change = -16.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Md. Zahir Alam Ansari
|votes = 59,429
|percentage = 43.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashish Garai
|votes = 4,511
|percentage = 3.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Ramprasad Mukherjee
|votes = 2,161
|percentage = 1.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Nayan Gope
|votes = 1,976
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 7,811
|percentage = 5.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,35,317
|percentage = 80.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Change for CPI(M) calculated on the basis of its vote percentage in 2006 in the [[Ukhra Assembly constituency|Ukhra]] constituency. Trinamool Congress did not contest the Ukhra seat in 2006.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2011]]

Oru Kodai Murder Mystery

2026-05-07T15:33:45Z

DebraToney89: Created A Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Oru Kodai Murder Mystery.jpg
| image_size = 150
| genre = [[Crime thriller]]
| creator = Anitha Nair
| writer = Padmakumar Narasimhamurthy
| screenplay = Padmakumar Narasimhamurthy
| director = Vishal Venkat
| starring = {{Unbulleted list|Abhirami|Akash|Aishwarya|Raghav|John|Namrita|Nikhil Nair |Abitha|Frankin|Sylvan}}
| music =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 8
| executive_producer =
| producer = Fazila Allana Kamna Menezes
| cinematography = Raj Kumar P M
| editor = Mathivathanan J A
| runtime =
| company = Sol Productions
| network = [[ZEE5]]
| released = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
}}

'''''Oru Kodai Murder Mystery''''' ({{translation|A summer murder mystery}}) is a thrilling whodunit directed by Vishal Venkat, known for his work on [[Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal (2022 film)|Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Thinkal |title=Oru Kodai Murder Mystery release date: When and where to watch the film on OTT |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-this-whodunit-involving-teens-online/a0293068a8810 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2023-04-19 |title=திரில்லர் வெப் தொடரில் நடிக்கும் அபிராமி.. எதிர்பார்ப்பில் ரசிகர்கள் |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-web-series-update-598751 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> Produced by Fazila Allana-Kamna Menezes under Sol Production,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chennaivision |date=2023-04-20 |title=ZEE5 presents "Oru Kodai Murder Mystery" Thriller Series Press Meet!! |url=https://chennaivision.com/zee5-presents-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-thriller-series-press-meet/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Chennaivision |language=en-US |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423101244/https://chennaivision.com/zee5-presents-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-thriller-series-press-meet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the series stars an ensemble cast including [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-19 |title=Actress Abhirami Speech : "ஆர்ட்டிஸ்ட்டுக்கு அல்ப ஆசை இருக்கக்கூடாது" அபிராமி அதிரடி.. |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/videos/entertainment/actress-abhirami-latest-speech-about-work-experience-with-kamal-haasan-watch-video-112686 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=tamil.abplive.com |language=ta}}</ref> Akash, Aishwarya, Nikhil Nair, Raghav, John, Namrita, Abitha, Frankin, and Sylvan in pivotal roles.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=13 April 2023 |title=ZEE5 announces new web series Oru Kodai Murder Mystery |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/13/zee5-announces-new-web-series-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-42287.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423102744/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/13/zee5-announces-new-web-series-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-42287.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The series premiered on [[ZEE5]] on 21 April 2023.<ref name=":0" />

== Plot ==
The story of Oru Kodai Murder Mystery is set in a picturesque hill town and centers around Vyom, a shy school student who has a crush on Tara, his quiz show partner. On the day of their planned meeting, Tara goes missing, and her body is later discovered in a lake. Devastated by her death, Vyom embarks on a quest to uncover the truth behind Tara's mysterious demise with the help of his friends.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trailer of Oru Kodai Murder Mystery out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/14/trailer-of-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-out-42316.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=14 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423101242/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/apr/14/trailer-of-oru-kodai-murder-mystery-out-42316.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==

* [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]] as Ananthalakshmi (Annie) Varadarajan<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundar |first=Anusha |date=20 April 2023 |title=I don't want to settle for a bland akka or anni character: Abhirami |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2023/apr/20/i-dont-want-to-settle-for-a-bland-akka-or-anni-characterabhirami-2567470.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=சினிமாவில் பெண்களுக்கு மட்டும் ஏன் இந்த பாகுபாடு நடிகை அபிராமி கேள்வி |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/entertainment/movie/why-is-this-discrimination-only-for-women-in-cinema-actress-abhirami-question/tamil-nadu20230419191521155155027 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat News]] |date=19 April 2023 |language=ta |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423101244/https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/entertainment/movie/why-is-this-discrimination-only-for-women-in-cinema-actress-abhirami-question/tamil-nadu20230419191521155155027 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Aakash Srinivas as Vyom Varadarajan
* John Jude Kennedy as Shital Bannerjee
* Nakshatra as Anandhi
* Namrita MV as Tara Venkat
* Abitha Venkatraman as Sanjana
* Nikhil Nair as Manav Varadarajan
* [[Aishwariyaa Bhaskaran]] as MLA Meenakshi Mohan
* [[Lizzie Antony]] as DSP Jayanthi Selvaraj
* Raaghav as Allwyn
* Pawan as Inspector Madhavan
* "Aaru" Bala as Ganesh Pandian
* Jeson Joy as Karthik Soman

== Production ==

=== Casting ===
The technical team of the series includes PR Rajkumar as the cinematographer, while music is composed by Sudharshan M Kumar. Mathivathanan has worked as the editor. The screenplay for Oru Kodai Murder Mystery is written by N Padmakumar, with Rohit Nandakumar and N Padmakumar as dialogue writers.<ref name=":1" />

=== Release ===
In the beginning of 2022, ZEE5 revealed a lineup of Tamil movies and series, among them being Oru Kodai Murder Mystery which made its debut on 21 April 2023. The makers released the first look trailer of the series on social media platforms on 13 April 2023.<ref name=":1" /> The series, which consists of eight episodes, started streaming on [[ZEE5]] on 21 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title='ஒரு கோடை Murder Mystery' வெப் தொடர்; ரிலீஸ் தேதி அறிவிப்பு |url=https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-web-series-release-date-released |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Nakkheeran]] |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423101242/https://www.nakkheeran.in/cinema/cinema-news/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-web-series-release-date-released |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ओटीटीवर नव्याने प्रदर्शित होणाऱ्या 'या' सीरिज अजिबात चुकवू नका! {{!}} Loksatta |url=https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/3595494/from-tooth-pari-to-the-diplomat-upcoming-ott-web-series-releasing-in-upcoming-week-sgk-96/lite/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Loksatta]] |date=17 April 2023 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423102745/https://www.loksatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/3595494/from-tooth-pari-to-the-diplomat-upcoming-ott-web-series-releasing-in-upcoming-week-sgk-96/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Chandhini R of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the series 3/5 and wrote "''Oru Kodai Murder Mystery'' emerges as a partly engaging and partly wishy-washy series offering a cornucopia of suspense and sentiment, albeit mostly relatable to Gen Z."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oru Kodai Murder Mystery Series Review: Partly gripping, partly wishy-washy |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/apr/22/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-series-review-partly-gripping-partly-wishy-washy-42592.html |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=22 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423102746/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2023/apr/22/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-series-review-partly-gripping-partly-wishy-washy-42592.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Thinkal Menon at ''[[HT Media]]'' (OTT Play) also gave the series 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "Oru Kodai Murder Mystery is a mixed bag of surprises and disappointments. What works is the protagonist's challenges which instantly connect with viewers, but the amateurishness in certain sequences and dialogues are a let down."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oru Kodai Murder Mystery review: This unusual whodunit is a partly engaging fare |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-review-this-unusual-whodunit-is-a-partly-engaging-fare-thanks-to-neat-performances/371c09338049 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

A reviewer for ''Binged'' gave it 5.5 out of 10 and stated "Tiring Thriller Saved By The Cast And Ending"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-22 |title=Oru Kodai Murder Mystery Review - Tiring Thriller Saved By The Cast And Ending |url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/oru-kodai-murder-mystery-series-review/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Episodes ==

=== Season 1 ===
{{Episode table|background=#016640|overall=|title=|director=|airdate=|episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = The game is Afoot
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Fourteen-year-old Vyom's life is filled with darkness except for one ray of hope - his quiz partner and potential love interest, Thara Venkat. However, fate has its own plans. Thara Venkat has vanished into thin air, leaving Vyom in a state of bewilderment.
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Elementary!
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = When Vyom is mocked and branded as a "Killer" at school, his inner Sherlock is sparked. He determines that he must vindicate himself with the assistance of his four companions. And it appears that the puzzle has been solved!
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = It is My Business to Know What Other People Do Not Know
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vyom's initial mistake only fueled his determination to uncover the culprit. Through diligent investigation, he identified three additional suspects, gained a new acquaintance, and found a sworn adversary.
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = The Observation of Trifles
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vyom and his friends appear to have made progress toward solving the case. They have managed to apprehend their prime suspect for the murder. However, it seems that there is more to the situation than meets the eye. Is it possible that the young detectives are pursuing the wrong lead?
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = No ghosts need apply
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vyom and his friends find themselves chasing shadows when their leads dry up. They begin to question whether the culprit is even human.
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = There is nothing more deceptive than an obvious fact
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The inquiry takes a disastrous twist as the consequences escalate for Vyom when his mother becomes the target of the media. He is resolute to restore her reputation, but what if the culprit is someone within their inner circle?
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Crime is common. Logic is rare
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After Shital's "accident", Vyom and his friends were motivated to accelerate their investigation. However, all the individuals they suspected no longer matched the description of a ruthless killer. The clock was ticking. Can they locate the culprit before more lives are lost?
|LineColor = #016640
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Education never ends. It’s a series of lessons, with the greatest for the last
|DirectedBy = Vishal Venkat
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Not every ending is a happy one. The case may seem resolved, but is it truly? Can Vyom rescue the life of the individual he has just come to realize he cherishes more than his own?
|LineColor = #016640
}}}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=27510191}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/oru-kodai-murder-mystery/0-6-4z5343358 Oru Kodai Murder Mystery]'' on [[ZEE5]]

[[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]
[[Category:2023 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language thriller television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language mystery television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language web series]]

Nitesh R Pradhan

2026-04-30T00:44:10Z

DebraToney89: Created Pg - done

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Nitesh R Pradhan
|image= Nrpradhan.jpg
|caption=
|birth_date=
|birth_place= [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]], [[India]]
|education = [[Tashi Namgyal Academy]], [[Sikkim University]]
|occupation = Journalist, Columnist, Singer and Lyricist
|years_active = 2013–present
|organization = [[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]], [[Assam Tribune]], Sikkim Chronicle, The Voice of Sikkim, Eastern Himalayan News Service}}

'''Nitesh R Pradhan''' ([[Nepali people|Nepali]]:''' नितेश आर प्रधान''', born 11 May 1990 as '''Nitesh Pradhan''') is an Indian [[journalist]] based in [[Sikkim]], [[India]]. He is a [[correspondent]] for [[RT (TV network)|RT]]. He is formerly [[Editor]] of ''The Voice of Sikkim'' online web portal and a correspondent for [[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesikkimchronicle.com/16-sikkimese-who-scored-blue-tick-on-facebook-twitter-instagram/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015101811/https://www.thesikkimchronicle.com/16-sikkimese-who-scored-blue-tick-on-facebook-twitter-instagram/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=15 October 2021|title=16 Sikkimese who scored blue tick on Facebook, Twitter & Instagram - Sikkim Breaking News | Trending News |date=15 October 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clipping of statesman.system - Siliguri - The Statesman |url=https://epaper.thestatesman.com/c/71366075 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=epaper.thestatesman.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boomlive.in/fact-check/sikkim-avalanche-amarnath-yatra-jammu-kashmir-fact-check-viral-video-21798|website=www.boomlive.in|access-date=2023-09-23|title=Videos From Sikkim Shared As Avalanche Hit On Amarnath Yatra in J&K|date=27 April 2023 }}</ref> He is also a singer-[[lyricist]] as part of [[pop duo]] '''Anisha & Nitesh'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/border-roads-bring-india-and-nepal-closer/|title=Border Roads Bring India and Nepal Closer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |last4= |last5= |last6= |first6= |title=Sensational Sikkim's Pop Duo 'Anisha and Nitesh' release their new song - Dui Milne Sathi |url=http://blog.ilovesiliguri.com/2016/09/sensational-sikkims-pop-duo-anisha-and.html |access-date=2023-02-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Early life==
He was born into a politically prominent [[Sikkimese people|Sikkimese]] [[Taksaris of Sikkim|Newar]] family to Pradip Pradhan and Renu Chettri in [[Gangtok]]. His paternal grandfather is [[Nahakul Pradhan]], a leading figure of the democratic movement who also held cabinet positions in successive governments of the erstwhile [[Chogyal]] regime in Sikkim. He is a great-grandnephew of [[Kashiraj Pradhan]], another prominent leader of the democratic movement, also considered as the ''Father of Sikkimese Journalism''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pradhan |first=Nitesh R. |date=2023-02-07 |title=Sikkimese Nepalis Aren't 'Foreigners': Stop Hurting My Community Again and Again |url=https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/sikkimese-nepalis-not-foreigners-identity-debate |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> His uncle, [[Sukumar Pradhan]] is a two-time former [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]. He is related to the erstwhile aristocratic family of the [[Taksaris of Sikkim|Newar Taksaris]], his paternal great-grandmother, Kanti Pradhan was the granddaughter of [[Taksaris of Sikkim|Taksari Chandrabir Maskey of Pakyong]], a [[Kazis and Thikadars of Sikkim|Sikkimese lord]] of many estates in the former [[Kingdom of Sikkim]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://sikkimnow.blogspot.com/2014/07/sk-pradhan-appointed-sdf-vice-president.html?m=1 |title=SK Pradhan appointed SDF vice-president |date=25 July 2014 }}</ref>

==Education==
He completed his schooling from [[Tashi Namgyal Academy]], Gangtok. Later, he acquired a [[Bachelors of Arts|bachelor's degree in arts]] and completed [[Master of Arts|post graduation]] in [[mass communication]] from [[Sikkim University]].

==Career==
He started singing in the pop duo ''Anisha & Nitesh'' since it was formed in 2013 – it was the first pop duo (mixed) act from Sikkim – and has released many [[Nepali language]] songs including the chartbuster ''Maya''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/archive/sikkims-pop-duo-anisha-and-nitesh-release-their-new-song/ |title=Sikkim's Pop Duo 'Anisha and Nitesh' release their new song}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lexlimbu.com/blog/2014/02/06/maya-music-video-by-anisha-nitesh-ft-urban-inc/ |title=Music Video by Anisha & Nitesh ft Urban Inc|date=6 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.catchnews.com/music-news/northeastern-tunes-without-any-aid-or-funds-this-duo-still-sings-1452328636.html|website=www.catchnews.com|access-date=2023-09-23|title=Northeastern Tunes: Without any aid or funds, this duo still sings}}</ref> His work in media includes print and digital media houses notably TNT- The Northeast Today, Sikkim Chronicle, Summit Times, [[Assam Tribune]] & East Mojo. He reports on a range of such topics as environment, geopolitics, gender, LGBTQ, society and culture of the [[Eastern Himalaya| Eastern Himalayan region]]. In 2020, he founded independent online news portal ''Eastern Himalayan News Service''.<ref>{{cite web|website=www.humanrightsinitiative.org|access-date=2023-09-23|title=Stories of Resilience|page=74|url= https://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/download/1627893301Stories%20of%20Resilience%20Media%20Voices%20from%20IndiaNorth%20East.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=s0qtby_xRwU |title=Urban Culture How hip hop finds an ingenious way to promote itself|website=[[YouTube]] |date=6 August 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=Defence Ministry rejects film script inspired by gay ex Indian Army Major |url=https://punemirror.com/news/india/defence-ministry-rejects-film-script-inspired-by-gay-indian/cid6284438.htm |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=Punemirror |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2020/05/08/sikkim-zero-covid-19-state-india/ |title=Sikkim: A Zero COVID-19 State In India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/?amp=1&s=nitesh |title=The NorthEast Today, articles by Nitesh Pradhan}}</ref> He has also organised a series of fund raising events for charitable causes in Sikkim and Darjeeling hills.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/sikkim/sikkim-a-unique-confluence-of-creative-talents-coffee-and/cid2550224.htm|title=Sikkim: A unique confluence of creative talents- Coffee and Art|date=26 December 2016 }}</ref> In 2021, he joined as editor in ''The Voice of Sikkim'' web portal - the oldest online media in Sikkim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles by Nitesh R Pradhan's Profile {{!}} The Voice of Sikkim Journalist {{!}} Muck Rack |url=https://muckrack.com/nitesh-r-pradhan-1/articles |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, he joined as [[Line producer]] for director [[Onir]]’s upcoming Hindi language film ‘’Pine Cone’’.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/films-best-way-to-show-sikkims-beauty-but-ease-permit-process-national-awardee-filmmaker-onir-in-sikkim-to-wrap-up-his-pine-cone-shoot?fbclid=IwAR1BrJf22aVS8H8v7-y5__8QC8U4Lj-qTLtpAdoGeEZHh1zGPsMf60A9MhA&fs=e&s=cl| title='Films best way to show Sikkim's beauty but ease permit process' National awardee filmmaker Onir in Sikkim to wrap up his 'Pine Cone' shoot }}</ref>

He has contributed articles, news and columns about Sikkim in many international, national and regional media.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/author/5175|website=myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com|access-date=2023-09-23|title=Sikkim Launches 'Mero Rukh Mero Santati' Program: Planting 100 Trees for Every Child Birth}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://thebhutanese.bt/sikkim-to-plant-100-trees-for-every-baby-born/|website=thebhutanese.bt|access-date=2023-09-23|title=Sikkim to plant 100 trees for every baby born}}</ref>

==Awards==
* 2019 - Sikkim [[Newar]] Guthi - Sikkim Newar Youth Icon Award
* 2021 - Federation of Consumer Association, Sikkim - Concerned Consumer Award<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/consumer-rights-day-celebrated-at-mg-marg|title=Consumer Rights Day celebrated at MG Marg }}</ref>
* 2024 - Press Club of Sikkim - Lagansheel Yuva Patrakar Purashkar<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/the-assam-tribunes-contributor-nitesh-r-pradhan-to-get-media-award-at-press-club-of-sikkim-1542709 |title=The Assam Tribune's contributor Nitesh R Pradhan to get media award at Press Club of Sikkim }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://mobile.twitter.com/NiteshRPradhan]; official Twitter account
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pradhan, Nitesh R}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Newar people]]
[[Category:People from Gangtok]]
[[Category:Nepali-language Indian singers]]
[[Category:Journalists from Sikkim]]
[[Category:Singers from Sikkim]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Nepali-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male journalists]]

Iqbal Hassan Mahmood

2026-04-27T00:55:57Z

DebraToney89: starting basic pg initial version

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician and industrialist (born 1950)}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable#Bangladesh|The Honourable]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|MP]]
| name = Iqbal Hassan Mahmood
| native_name = {{nobold|ইকবাল হাসান মাহমুদ}}
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Iqbal Hassan Mahmood (Sunday, 31 August 2025) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Mahmood in 2025
| office = [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|Minister of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources]]
| prime_minister = [[Tarique Rahman]]
| term_start = 17 February 2026
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Fouzul Kabir Khan]] {{small|(as Adviser)}}
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency1 = [[Sirajganj-2]]
| term_start1 = 17 February 2026
| predecessor1 = [[Jannat Ara Henry]]
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency2 = [[Sirajganj-2]]
| term_start2 = 28 October 2001
| term_end2 = 27 October 2006
| predecessor2 = [[Mohammed Nasim]]
| successor2 = [[Rumana Mahmood]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| predecessor3 = ''Constituency created''
| successor3 = [[Mirza Muraduzzaman]]
| constituency3 = [[Sirajganj-2]]
| term_start3 = 10 July 1986
| term_end3 = 6 December 1990
| office4 = [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|State Minister of Power]]
| prime_minister4 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
| term_start4 = 10 October 2001
| term_end4 = 20 May 2006
| predecessor4 = [[Rafiqul Islam (Bangladeshi politician)|Rafiqul Islam]]
| successor4 = [[Anwarul Kabir Talukdar]]
| office5 = [[Ministry of Agriculture (Bangladesh)|State Minister of Agriculture]]
| prime_minister5 = [[Khaleda Zia]]
| term_start5 = 21 May 2006
| term_end5 = 29 October 2006
| predecessor5 = [[Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir]]
| successor5 = ''Vacant''
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] {{small|(1990–present)}}
| other_party = [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] {{small|(1986–1990)}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|05|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = Koyelgati, [[Sirajganj]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan]]
| spouse = [[Rumana Mahmood]]
| children = 2
| parents = [[Abdullah al Mahmood]] (father)
| relatives = [[M. A. Matin (Pabna-5 politician)|M. A. Matin]] (brother-in-law) [[M. A. Muhit]] (nephew)
| alma_mater = [[University of Dhaka]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Industrialist}}
}}

'''Iqbal Hassan Mahmood''' ({{langx|bn|ইকবাল হাসান মাহমুদ}}; born 10 May 1950), also known as '''Tuku''', is a Bangladeshi politician and industrialist. A member of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) National Standing Committee, he has been elected to the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] from [[Sirajganj-2]] on four occasions and has served as the [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|minister of power, energy and mineral resources]] since February 2026.<ref name="dt-profile2025">{{cite news |title=Iqbal Hasan Mahmud: BNP stands by parliamentary democracy |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/390208/iqbal-hasan-mahmud-tuku-bnp-stands-by |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=29 August 2025 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="tbs-gazette">{{cite news |title=Gazette reveals what Tarique's cabinet looks like |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/gazette-reveals-what-tariques-cabinet-looks-1364766 |work=[[The Business Standard]] |date=18 February 2026 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> He previously served as [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|state minister of power]] from 2001 to 2006 and as [[Ministry of Agriculture (Bangladesh)|state minister of agriculture]] in 2006.<ref name="bdnews24-power2026">{{cite news |title=Power Minister Iqbal orders seamless electricity during Ramadan |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/bd9c8a80d972 |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=18 February 2026 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mahmood was born on 10 May 1950 into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family of [[Taluqdar|Taluqdars]] in the village of [[Sirajganj Sadar Upazila|Koyelgati]] in Sheyalkol Union, [[Sirajganj District|Sirajganj]], the son of [[Abdullah al Mahmood]] and Abeda Khatun.<ref name="bss-bio">{{cite news |title=Biography of Power, Energy & Mineral Resources Minister Iqbal Hassan Mahmood |url=https://www.bssnews.net/others/373583 |work=[[Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha]] |date=1 April 2026 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref><ref name="jugantor-profile">{{cite news |title=সিরাজগঞ্জের সিংহপুরুষ বিদ্যুৎমন্ত্রী টুকুর বর্ণাঢ্য জীবন |trans-title=The colourful life of Sirajganj's lion, power minister Tuku |url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/1067888 |work=[[Jugantor|Daily Jugantor]] |language=bn |date=19 February 2026 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> His father was a politician who served as the [[Ministry of Industries and Production|minister of industries and natural resources of Pakistan]].<ref name="jugantor-profile" />

Mahmood completed his early education in Sirajganj before studying at the [[University of Dhaka]], where he earned a bachelor’s degree in sociology with honours and later completed a master’s degree in 1975 with honours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=পাকিস্তানের মন্ত্রী ছিলেন বাবা, ছেলে বাংলাদেশের |url=https://www.jugantor.com/tp-city/1068020 |access-date=2026-04-11 |website=Jugantor |language=bn}}</ref>

== Business career ==
Mahmood built his business career through the Apex Group, where he was a founding director and held senior executive roles in several of its export-oriented companies.<ref name="bss-bio" /> He was among the early Bangladeshi industrialists involved in exporting garment products to Europe, and was associated with the group’s expansion into textiles, leather and footwear, frozen foods, and home textiles. Within the group, he served as managing director of Apex Weaving & Finishing Mills Limited and held senior positions at Apex Tannery Limited, Apex Foods Limited, and Apex Spinning & Knitting Mills Limited.<ref name="tbs-apex">{{cite news |title=Sonali Bank auctions Apex Weaving's assets to recover Tk390cr loan |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/stocks/sonali-bank-auctions-apex-weavings-assets-recover-tk390cr-loan-854541 |work=The Business Standard |date=19 May 2024 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

Outside the private sector, Mahmood served as a director of Bangladesh Shilpa Rin Sangstha, the state industrial financing institution, and was president of the [[Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry]].<ref name="dcci-board">{{cite web |title=Previous Board of Directors |url=https://dhakachamber.com/dcci-allpastmanagement |website=[[Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

== Political career ==
=== Student politics and Liberation War ===
As a student, Mahmood was active in the East Pakistan Students' Union and took part in the [[Eleven Points Programme|11-point movement]] of 1969 against the government of [[Ayub Khan]]. He later fought in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971.<ref name="bss-bio" />

=== Parliament and cabinet ===
Mahmood was first elected to parliament from Sirajganj-2 as a [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] candidate in 1986 and was re-elected in 1988.<ref name="bdnews24-power2026" /> After the fall of [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]] in 1990, he joined the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]].<ref name="jugantor-profile" />

He returned to parliament from Sirajganj-2 in the [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|2001 general election]]. In the cabinet of Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]], he served as [[Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources|state minister of power]] from October 2001 to May 2006 and as [[Ministry of Agriculture (Bangladesh)|state minister of agriculture]] from May to October 2006.<ref name="bdnews24-power2026" />

On 19 June 2019, Mahmood was made a member of the BNP National Standing Committee.<ref name="newage-standing2019">{{cite news |title=Selima, Tuku made BNP standing committee members |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/75887/selima-tuku-made-bnp-standing-committee-members |work=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] |date=19 June 2019 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

In the [[2026 Bangladeshi general election|2026 general election]], Mahmood was again elected from Sirajganj-2.<ref name="parliament-current">{{cite web |title=Current Parliament Members |url=https://www.parliament.gov.bd/members/list-of-members?page=1&search=Mahmood&searchBy=name&view=current |website=[[Bangladesh Parliament]] |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> On 17 February 2026, he was sworn in as minister of power, energy and mineral resources in the cabinet of Prime Minister [[Tarique Rahman]].<ref name="tbs-gazette" />

== Legal proceedings and exile ==
In March 2007, after a [[Coup d'état|military coup]] and amid the [[2006–2008 Bangladesh political crisis|2006-2008 political crisis]], the [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|Anti-Corruption Commission]] (ACC) filed a case against Mahmood, alleging that he had amassed {{BDT}}2.57 crore through illegal means and concealed information in his wealth statement. On 15 November 2007, a special court convicted him and sentenced him to nine years' imprisonment and a fine of {{BDT}}50 lakh.<ref name="newage-hc2023">{{cite news |title=HC upholds jail of Tuku, Aman in 2007-08 cases |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/202945/hc-upholds-jail-of-tuku-aman-in-2007-08-cases |work=New Age |date=30 May 2023 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

Mahmood appealed the verdict. In June 2011, the [[High Court Division]] acquitted him of the charges, but in January 2014, during the [[Premiership of Sheikh Hasina|Sheikh Hasina government]], the [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|ACC]] appealed and the [[Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh|Appellate Division]] set aside the acquittal and ordered a fresh hearing.<ref name="tbs-arrest2023">{{cite news |title=Arrest warrant issued against BNP leader Tuku in graft case |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/court/arrest-warrant-issued-against-bnp-leader-tuku-graft-case-698674 |work=The Business Standard |date=11 September 2023 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

In May 2023, the High Court again upheld the conviction and original sentence.<ref name="newage-hc2023" /> BNP leaders claim this was a politically motivated false conviction.<ref name="dt-bnpcriticism2023">{{cite news |title=BNP criticizes remand of Chand, jailing of Aman, Tuku |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/312416/bnp-criticizes-remand-of-chand-jailing-of-aman |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=30 May 2023 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> After the judgment was released, Mahmood went into exile.<ref name="tbs-arrest2023" /> After the [[July Uprising]], in October 2024, he returned to Bangladesh.<ref name="dt-return2024">{{cite news |title=Iqbal Hasan Mahmud Tuku returns home after long exile |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/360994/iqbal-hasan-mahmud-tuku-returns-home-after-a-long |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=6 October 2024 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

In September 2025, the Appellate Division acquitted Mahmood of all charges, overturning the conviction.<ref name="dt-acquit2025">{{cite news |title=Tuku acquitted of 9-year prison sentence in ACC case |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/390696/bnp-leader-tuku-acquitted-from-nine-year-prison |work=Dhaka Tribune |date=4 September 2025 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mahmood is married to [[Rumana Mahmood]], a former member of parliament.<ref name="bss-bio" /><ref name="newage-rumana2025">{{cite news |title=Ex-Sirajganj MP Abdul Mannan dies |url=https://www.newagebd.net/post/country/270485/ex-sirajganj-mp-abdul-mannan-dies |work=New Age |date=19 July 2025 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> They have a son and a daughter.<ref name="bss-bio" /><ref name="newage-hc2023" /> His brother-in-law was former deputy prime minister [[M. A. Matin (Pabna-5 politician)|M. A. Matin]], and Matin's son [[M. A. Muhit]] is Mahmood's nephew.<ref name="dailystar-inlaws2008">{{cite news |title=Fight between in-laws puts relatives in dilemma |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-67613 |work=The Daily Star |date=17 December 2008 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> In 2026, Mahmood and Muhit joined the cabinet of Prime Minister [[Tarique Rahman]].<ref name="bdnews24-uncle2026">{{cite news |title=Sirajganj uncle–nephew duo get cabinet call |url=https://bdnews24.com/national-election-2026/87ecc97fa9aa |work=bdnews24.com |date=17 February 2026 |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> Mahmood's daughter is married to the son of [[Sheikh Selim]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pratidin |first=Bangladesh |title=আত্মীয়তার যত বন্ধনে বিএনপি আওয়ামী লীগ {{!}} বাংলাদেশ প্রতিদিন |url=http://www.bd-pratidin.com/special/2014/12/18/50542 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321081612/http://www.bd-pratidin.com/special/2014/12/18/50542 |archive-date=2019-03-21 |access-date=2026-04-11 |work=Bangladesh Pratidin |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmood, Iqbal Hassan}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Sirajganj Sadar Upazila]]
[[Category:University of Dhaka alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Jatiya Party (Ershad) politicians]]
[[Category:3rd Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:4th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:13th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Ministers of power, energy and mineral resources of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:State ministers of power, energy and mineral resources]]
[[Category:State ministers of agriculture of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi industrialists]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi politicians]]

Rachna Doab

2026-04-26T05:53:37Z

DebraToney89: Created New Data - done

{{Short description|Region of Punjab}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Rachna Doab
| name =
| settlement_type = [[Natural region]]
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|رچنا دوآب}}
| image_caption = A map of the Punjab region {{circa}} 1947 showing the different ''doabs''
| image_skyline = Punjabdoabs1.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Punjab}}
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =


| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title =

| area_total_km2 = 30,177
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank2_km2 =

| area_total_ha =
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_ha =
| area_urban_ha =
| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_blank1_ha =
| area_blank2_ha =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 29,380,000
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_est =
| pop_est_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 = +5
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
{{Punjabis}}
'''Rachna Doab''' ({{langx|pa|{{Nastaliq|رچنا دوآب}}}}), also spelt as '''Rachena Doab''',<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Dikshit |first=K. R. |title=Land, People and Economy of Pakistan: A Geographic Perspective |last2=Dikshit |first2=Jutta K. |date=Feb 18, 2025 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781040306772 |pages=166–167 |chapter=6.2.4.1 Population Density Pattern in Punjab}}</ref> can be classified as one of the main regions of [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Report on Land and Water Development in the Indus Plain |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |others=White House: Department of Interior Panel on Waterlogging and Salinity in West Pakistan |year=1964 |pages=26}}</ref> The ''[[doab]]'' lies between the Ravi and Chenab rivers.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Grewal|first=Jagtar Singh|title=The Sikhs of the Punjab|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1999|isbn=8175960701|edition=2nd|pages=1–2}}</ref>

[[Punjab]] historically has been divided into regions based on its various [[river]]s, since the name Punjab is based on its five main rivers. Rachna Doab is a ''[[Doab]]'' or tract of land in the Punjab region, encompassing all the area lying between the [[Ravi River|Ravi]] and [[Chenab River|Chenab]] Rivers, all the way from the [[Jammu Division]] till their confluence south of the town of [[Ahmadpur Sial]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan]]. It lies between 30° 35' and 32° 50' N. and 71° 50' and 75° 3' E. The name was given by the [[Mughal emperors|Mughal emperor]] [[Akbar]], by combining the first syllables of the names of the two rivers. This is the most densely-populated region in Punjab, Pakistan, home to large cities such as Faisalabad, Sialkot and Gujranwala.<ref name=":02" />

== Geography ==
The doab receives more rainfall than other parts of Punjab, Pakistan and is also irrigated by the [[Lower Chenab Canal]].<ref name=":02" /> In the south of the doab, there are the cities of Khanewal and Jhang.<ref name=":02" /> The north-eastern part of the doab connects to the Grand Trunk Road.<ref name=":02" /> The upper area of the Rachna Doab is densely-populated.<ref name=":02" />

== History ==

The [[Chenab Colony]] was established in this doab with [[Faisalabad]] (formerly Lyallpur) at its centre during the [[Punjab Province (British India)|British-period]].<ref name=":02" />

== Districts ==
Rachna doab covers [[Narowal District]], [[Sialkot District]], [[Jammu District]], [[Kathua District]], [[Samba district]], [[Udhampur district]], [[Gujranwala District]], [[Hafizabad District]], [[Sheikhupura District]], [[Nankana Sahib District]], [[Faisalabad District]], [[Toba Tek Singh District]], [[Chiniot District]] (excluding [[Lalian Tehsil]]) and [[Jhang District]] (excluding [[Athara Hazari Tehsil]] and [[Ahmedpur Sial Tehsil]]).

== Major cities ==
Major cities of this [[Doab]] are:<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_283.gif Rechna Doāb - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 21, p. 277.]</ref>
* [[Narowal]]
* [[Sialkot]]
* [[Jammu]]
* [[Gujranwala]]
* [[Faisalabad]]
* [[Sheikhupura]]
* [[Narowal]]
* [[Toba Tek Singh]]
* [[Jhang]]
* [[Hafizabad]]
* [[Wazirabad]]

==See also==
* [[Indus Sagar Doab]]
* [[Chaj Doab]]
* [[Bari Doab]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{PunjabGeography}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Doabs of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Doabs of India]]

Atul Sreedharan

2026-04-24T21:11:00Z

DebraToney89: Starting A Post...

{{Short description|Indian judge (born 1966)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|05|24|df=y}}
| name = Atul Sreedharan
| office = [[Judge]] of [[Allahabad High Court]]
| term_start = 11 November 2025
| appointer = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| nominator = [[B. R. Gavai]]
| office1 = [[Judge]] of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
| term_start1 = 21 March 2025
| term_end1 = 10 November 2025
| term_start2 = 7 April 2016
| term_end2 = 9 May 2023
| office3 = [[Judge]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]]
| term_start3 = 10 May 2023
| term_end3 = 20 March 2025
| nominator1 = [[Sanjiv Khanna]]
| nominator2 = [[T. S. Thakur]]
| nominator3 = [[D. Y. Chandrachud]]
| appointer1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| appointer3 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]
| honorific_prefix = Hon'ble Justice
}}
'''Atul Sreedharan''' (born 24 May 1966) is an Indian judge currently serving in [[Allahabad High Court]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Atul Sreedharan Takes Oath As Judge Of Allahabad High Court|url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/allahabad-high-court/justice-atul-sreedharan-oath-judge-allahabad-high-court-309523|website=livelaw.in|date=11 November 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> since November 2025. He also served in the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] and [[High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=HON'BLE JUSTICE SHRI ATUL SHREEDHARAN {{!}} Official Website of e-Committee, Supreme Court of India {{!}} India |url=https://ecommitteesci.gov.in/project/honble-justice-shri-atul-shreedharan/ |access-date=28 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Sreedharan was born on 24 May 1966. He was a member of the chamber of Senior Advocate [[Gopal Subramaniam]] in Delhi from 1992 to 1997. From 1997 to December 2000, he practised independently in Delhi. In 2001, he practised in the Indore bench of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]. He also served on the panel of Madhya Pradesh Housing Board between 2002 and 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Atul Sreedharan |url=https://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/service/judgeDetail.jsp?id=425 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=www.allahabadhighcourt.in}}</ref>

He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court on 7 April 2016 and was confirmed as a Permanent Judge on 17 March 2018. Sreedharan was transferred as a judge of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2023 |title=Central government notifies transfer of Justice Atul Sreedharan from Madhya Pradesh High Court to J&K and Ladakh High Court |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/central-government-notifies-transfer-of-justice-atul-sreedharan-from-madhya-pradesh-high-court-to-jk-and-ladakh-high-court |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> in April 2023 on his request, due to his daughter practising law at the Madhya Pradesh High Court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2023 |title=MP High Court judge and former Gopal Subramanium junior, Justice Atul Sreedharan seeks transfer since daughter set to enter law practice |url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/mp-high-court-judge-former-gopal-subramanium-junior-justice-atul-sreedharan-seeks-transfer-daughter-law-practice |access-date=28 March 2025 |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en}}</ref> He was repatriated to Madhya Pradesh High Court in March 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashiq |first=Peerzada |date=14 March 2025 |title=Justice Atul Sreedharan transferred from J&K to M.P. High Court |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/justice-atul-sreedharan-transferred-from-jk-to-mp-high-court/article69330935.ece |access-date=28 March 2025 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was transferred as Judge of Allahabad High Court and took oath of office on 11 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Atul Sreedharan takes oath at Allahabad High Court|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/justice-atul-sreedharan-takes-oath-at-allahabad-high-court|website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news|date=11 November 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref>

He was superseded by justice [[S. A. Dharmadhikari]], junior to him, for elevation to the post of chief justice of high court when supreme court collegium recommended elevation dharmadhikari as chief justice of [[Madras High Court]] in February 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leaflet |first=The |date=27 February 2026 |title=Collegium recommends Justice S.A. Dharmadhikari as Madras High Court Chief Justice, superseding Justice Atul Sreedharan |url=https://theleaflet.in/leaflet-reports/collegium-recommends-justice-sa-dharmadhikari-as-madras-high-court-chief-justice-superseding-justice-atul-sreedharan |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=The Leaflet |language=en}}</ref>

== Transfer and controversy ==
Supreme Court Collegium in August 2025 recommended his transfer to [[Chhattisgarh High Court]] where he would have been at seniority number 3 and would form part of high court collegium<ref>{{Cite web|title=Collegium recommends transfer of Justice Atul Sreedharan from MP to Chhattisgarh High Court|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/collegium-recommends-transfer-of-justice-atul-sreedharan-from-mp-to-chhattisgarh-high-court|website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news|date=27 August 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> but this recommendation was modified on the request of central government and he was subsequently transferred to Allahabad High Court where he would be at seniority rank 7 far below from being eligible to be part of collegium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=After Centre's Request, Supreme Court Collegium Modifies Proposal To Transfer Justice Atul Sreedharan|url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/after-centres-request-supreme-court-collegium-modifies-proposal-to-transfer-justice-atul-sreedharan-307030|website=livelaw.in|date=15 October 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=At government's request, Justice Sreedharan recommended for transfer to Allahabad HC instead of Chhattisgarh HC|url=https://theleaflet.in/leaflet-reports/at-governments-request-justice-sreedharan-recommended-for-transfer-to-allahabad-hc-instead-of-chhattisgarh-hc|website=The Leaflet|date=15 October 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref>

This acceptance of executive interference in judicial transfer was widely perceived as threat to judicial independence by several former jurists and senior lawyers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/cjar-questions-justice-atul-sreedharans-transfer-to-allahabad-high-court-amid-row-prnt/cid/2129073|title=Lawyers' forum questions Justice Atul Sreedharan's transfer to Allahabad High Court amid row|website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A tale of a transfer|url=https://www.scobserver.in/journal/a-tale-of-a-transfer-atul-sreedharan-transfer-collegium/|website=Supreme Court Observer|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en-US}}</ref> His frequent transfers (third in one year) is considered as form of punishment for his independence by activists<ref>{{Cite web|title=Impression of Punishment: Activists Urge SC Collegium to Recall Justice Atul Sreedharans Transfer|url=https://m.thewire.in/article/government/cjar-justice-atul-sreedharan-allahabad-high-court-collegium-transfer|website=The Wire|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en}}</ref> as he was repatriated to Madhya Pradesh High Court from Jammu & Kashmir High Court just days before when he was to be appointed as Acting Chief Justice of [[Jammu & Kashmir High Court]] on the retirement of the then chief justice [[Tashi Rabstan]] in April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Line To Be Next Chief Justice, J&K High Court Judge Who Upheld Liberty, Held Govt Accountable, Is Transferred|url=https://article-14.com/post/in-line-to-be-next-chief-justice-j-k-high-court-judge-who-upheld-liberty-held-govt-accountable-is-transferred-67eb312291f02|website=article-14.com|access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref>

His transfer has raised concerns about the judicial independence<ref>{{Cite news|title=Supreme Court Collegium's shift in Justice Sreedharan's appointment raises concerns over Executive influence in judicial independence|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-collegiums-shift-in-justice-sreedharans-appointment-raises-concerns-over-executive-influence-in-judicial-independence/article70188965.ece|work=The Hindu|date=22 October 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|issn=0971-751X|language=en-IN|first=Krishnadas|last=Rajagopal}}</ref> and the fate of judges who dare to be independent in tense political atmosphere where politics could affect the career prospects of judges as happened in the case of Justice Sreedharan.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Punishment Transfer' Signal, Says CJAR on Justice Sreedharan's Move to Allahabad HC|url=https://lawbeat.in/news-updates/punishment-transfer-signal-says-cjar-on-justice-sreedharans-move-to-allahabad-hc-1535692|website=lawbeat.in|date=24 October 2025|access-date=2 December 2025|language=en|first=Salil|last=Tiwari}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sreedharan, Atul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Judges of the Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]

{{India-law-bio-stub}}

Jewel Thief (2025 film)

2026-04-22T13:25:57Z

DebraToney89: creating entry

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Kookie Gulati & Robbie Grewal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins
| image = Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins poster.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = {{ubl|Kookie Gulati|Robbie Grewal}}
| producer = [[Siddharth Anand]] Mamta Anand
| screenplay = David Logan
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes | label1= Dialogues by | data1 = [[Sumit Arora]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Saif Ali Khan]]
* [[Jaideep Ahlawat]]
* [[Nikita Dutta]]
* [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]]
}}
| cinematography = Jishnu Bhattacharjee
| editing = Aarif Sheikh
| music = '''Score:''' Shezan Shaikh '''Songs:''' [[Sachin–Jigar]] OAFF–Savera Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri
| studio = [[Marflix Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|04|25}}
| runtime = 118 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi5oda1|title=''Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=25 April 2025 |access-date=25 April 2025}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}

'''''Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Heist film|heist]] [[action thriller]] film directed by Kookie Gulati and Robbie Grewal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Naman |title=Saif Ali Khan's 'Jewel Thief' Sets Netflix Bow – Global Bulletin |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/saif-ali-khan-jewel-thief-netflix-1236369623/ |website=Variety |date=15 April 2025}}</ref> Produced by Marflix Pictures, it stars [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Jaideep Ahlawat]], [[Nikita Dutta]] and [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pillai |first1=Pooja |title=Saif Ali Khan's latest Netflix film 'Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins' drops an intriguing new poster |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/saif-jewel-thief-poster/ |website=EasternEye |language=en |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> The film was premiered on [[Netflix]] on 25 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 March 2025 |title=Saif Ali Khan's 'Jewel Heist: The Heist Begins' to premiere on Netflix in April |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/saif-ali-khans-jewel-heist-the-heist-begins-to-premiere-on-netflix-in-april-3466939 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Rehan Roy is an infamous jewel thief, known across the globe for pulling off high-profile heists. Currently in [[Budapest]], he is under constant surveillance by two Indian Secret Service agents who report to Officer Vikram Patel, determined to uncover Rehan's next move. Rehan's life takes a sharp turn when his younger brother, Avi Roy, arrives with troubling news. Back in India, their father, renowned doctor Jayant Roy—who had expelled Rehan from the family years ago for his criminal activities—is now in grave danger. A powerful art collector, Rajan Aulakh, has framed both Avi and Dr. Roy in a money laundering scandal involving terrorist-linked funds, as blackmail to force Rehan into stealing a priceless gem called the Red Sun, currently displayed at an exhibition in Mumbai by the wealthy Prince Gamunu.

Determined to save his father, Rehan surrenders to the Indian agents in Budapest and requests extradition to India. En route, he drugs the agents and assumes one of their identities to travel unnoticed to [[Mumbai]]. There, he meets Rajan, who hosts him in his opulent mansion and lays out the details of the heist. Rehan also encounters Farah, Rajan's partner, and quickly notices she's a victim of Rajan's abuse. A quiet romance begins to bloom between them.

Meanwhile, Rajan secretly reconnects with Moosa, a gangster with whom he shares a rocky past. The two agree to work together, planning to eliminate Rehan after the heist and split the proceeds. Rehan, unaware of their betrayal, begins scouting the museum. But when he senses Officer Vikram's presence during the attempted heist, he aborts and escapes.

Despite Rajan's fury, Rehan persuades him to try again. However, Prince Gamunu, learning of the theft attempt, decides to leave India immediately—with the Red Sun—on a commercial flight due to technical issues on his private jet. Rehan proposes the heist take place mid-air. Boarding the same flight with Rajan, Farah, and Rajan's henchman Salim, Rehan stages the next phase. Farah poisons the prince to create chaos, and Rehan, posing as a doctor, convinces the flight crew to take him to the cockpit. There, he threatens the pilot—whose family he claims to have kidnapped—and orders an emergency landing in Istanbul's Central Park, where a secret makeshift runway awaits. While in flight, Rehan and Rajan break into the cargo hold and retrieve the locked case containing the gem. Rehan succeeds in accessing the Red Sun, just as the plane lands on the grassy runway. They escape through underground tunnels moments before the police, led by Vikram, arrive.

At Rajan's Istanbul hideout, Rehan hands over the gem, which Rajan quickly sends to Moosa. Moosa then orders Rehan's execution. During a final meeting under the guise of celebrating success, Rehan poisons Salim and confronts Rajan with shocking revelations: every twist in the plan was orchestrated by Rehan—sabotaging the prince's jet, tipping off Vikram, and even planting the fake gem. The real Red Sun, Rehan reveals, was hidden in another passenger's luggage during the flight and swapped out at the last moment. Rehan incapacitates Rajan, ties him up, opens a gas valve in the kitchen, tosses him a cigarette, and leaves with documents that clear his father's name. Later, Moosa who discovered that the gem is fake, arrives to confront Rajan. As tempers flare, Rajan, still bound, asks for a final cigarette. When Moosa lights it for him, the mansion explodes, killing them both.

The film ends with Rehan in possession of the real Red Sun, reuniting with Farah as they plan their next thrilling heist. Vikram continues his pursuit, but Rehan once again vanishes into the shadows—leaving behind a trail of deception and a teaser for a sequel: ''The Heist Continues''.

== Cast ==
* [[Saif Ali Khan]] as Rehan Roy
* [[Jaideep Ahlawat]] as Rajan Aulakh
* [[Nikita Dutta]] as Farah
* [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]] as Vikram Patel
* [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]] as Dr. Jayant Roy, Rehan's father
* Ujjawal Gauraha as Mr. Mehta
* [[Gagan Arora]] as Avi Roy, Rehan's brother
* Loitongbam Dorendra Singh as Anees Moosa
* [[Shaji Chaudhary]] as Salim Misti
* Sumit Gulati as Chunky
* Meenal Sahu as Nikki Taneja
* [[Ayaz Khan]] as Manish Ashar
* Vinay Sharma as Shekhar
* Chirjot Singh Kohli as Gaurav Chaddha
* Peter Muxka Manuel as Prince Gamunu

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The film was announced in February 2024, starring [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Jaideep Ahlawat]].<ref>{{cite web | last=Mankad | first=Himesh | title=EXCLUSIVE: Saif Ali Khan and Jaideep Ahlawat's next with Siddharth Anand titled Jewel Thief | url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-saif-ali-khan-and-jaideep-ahlawats-next-with-siddharth-anand-titled-jewel-thief-1278145 | website=PINKVILLA | date=12 February 2024}}</ref>

However, on 28 May 2024, the official title of the film was announced ''Jewel Thief – The Red Sun Chapter''.<ref>{{cite web | title='Jewel Thief- The Red Sun Chapter': Siddharth Anand unveils title of upcoming heist film starring Saif Ali Khan | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jewel-thief-the-red-sun-chapter-siddharth-anand-unveils-title-of-upcoming-heist-film-starring-saif-ali-khan/article68224980.ece | website=The Hindu | date=28 May 2024}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began in March 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat and Nikita Dutta kick off shoot for Siddharth Anand's production titled Jewel Thief: Report : Bollywood News | url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-nikita-dutta-kick-off-shoot-siddharth-anands-production-titled-jewel-thief-report/ | website=Bollywood Hungama | date=16 March 2024}}</ref> The filming took place in [[Mumbai]] and [[Budapest]] before [[wrap (filming)|wrapping up]] in May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Saif Ali Khan and Jaideep Ahlawat's Jewel Thief to kick off second schedule in Mumbai | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/saif-ali-khan-and-jaideep-ahlawat-jewel-thief-to-kick-off-second-schedule-in-mumbai-23341701 | website=Mid-day | date=27 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Chatterjee | first=Sanghamitra | title=Nikita Dutta wraps filming for Saif Ali Khan-starrer Jewel Thief, shares pictures | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/nikita-dutta-wraps-filming-for-saif-ali-khan-starrer-jewel-thief-shares-pictures/cid/2022995 | website=Telegraph India | date=28 May 2024}}</ref>

In November 2024, Kookie Gulati was brought in for reshoots.<ref>{{cite web | title=Saif Ali Khan and Jaideep Ahlawat's 'Jewel Thief' gets 2 new dance numbers | url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-jewel-thief-kookie-gulati-dance-songs-23429937 | website=Mid-day | date=15 November 2024}}</ref> The reshoot was completed in December 2024.<ref>{{cite web | last=Kanabar | first=Nirali | title=Jewel Thief: Did Saif Ali Khan call it a wrap on the heist thriller for second time? Here's what we know | url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jewel-thief-did-saif-ali-khan-wrap-the-heist-thriller-for-second-time/bd33153830185 | website=OTTPlay | date=5 December 2024}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]], OAFF–Savera and Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri
| released = 23 April 2025
| recorded = 2024–2025
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=10|s=47}}
| language = Hindi
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|zkJvZLyiYKQ|Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins - Full Album}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by
[[Sachin–Jigar]], OAFF–Savera and Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri while lyrics are written by [[Kumaar]] and Soundtrek–Anis Ali.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-original-motion-picture/1810228168 |website=Apple Music - Web Player |date=23 April 2025}}</ref> The first single titled "Jaadu" was released on 9 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Jewel Thief' song 'Jaadu': Saif Ali Khan, Nikita Dutta and Jaideep Ahlawat set the dance floor ablaze |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/saif-ali-khan-nikita-dutta-and-jaideep-ahlawat-set-the-dance-floor-ablaze-in-jewel-thief-song-jaadu/cid/2093270 |website=Telegraph India |date=9 April 2025}}</ref> The second single titled "Ilzaam" was released on 17 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anand |first1=Akriti |title=Jewel Thief Song Ilzaam Teaser Featuring Saif Ali Khan, Nikita Dutta Out; Track To Release On THIS Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/jewel-thief-song-ilzaam-teaser-featuring-saif-ali-khan-nikita-dutta-out-track-to-release-on-this-date-9301561.html |website=News18 |language=en |date=16 April 2025}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 10:47
| title1 = Jaadu
| extra1 = [[Raghav Chaitanya]]
| lyrics1 = [[Kumaar]]
| music1 = OAFF–Savera
| length1 = 2:32
| title2 = Lootera
| extra2 = Neuman Pinto, [[Shilpa Rao]], Sachin–Jigar
| lyrics2 = Kumaar
| music2 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]
| length2 = 3:29
| title3 = Ilzaam
| extra3 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]], Shilpa Rao
| music3 = Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri
| lyrics3 = Kumaar
| length3 = 2:26
| title4 = Jewel Thief - Title Track
| extra4 = Shilpa Rao, Raghav Chaitanya
| lyrics4 = Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri
| music4 = Soundtrek–Anis Ali Sabri
| length4 = 2:20
}}

== Marketing and release ==
The teaser was released on 3 February 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Jewel Thief teaser: Saif Ali Khan and Jaideep Ahlawat are suave criminals plotting a daring Rs 500 crore diamond heist |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jewel-thief-teaser-saif-ali-khan-and-jaideep-ahlawat-are-suave-criminals-plotting-a-daring-rs-500-crore-diamond-heist-9815260/ |website=The Indian Express |date=3 February 2025}}</ref> and the trailer was released on 14 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Ritika |title=Jewel Heist trailer: Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat will give you Race flashbacks in this slick action flick |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jewel-heist-trailer-saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-will-give-you-race-flashbacks-in-this-slick-action-flick-netflix-101744633771517.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=14 April 2025}}</ref>

In February 2025, [[Netflix]] revealed its slate lineup for 2025, and the film was re-titled as ''Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Netflix India's 2025 slate: Aryan Khan's 'The Bad***s of Bollywood, 'Saif Ali Khan's 'Jewel Thief', Madhavan's 'Aap Jaisa Koi' and more | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/netflix-indias-2025-slate-aryan-khans-the-bads-of-bollywood-saif-ali-khans-jewel-thief-madhavans-aap-jaisa-koi-and-more/article69177480.ece | website=The Hindu | date=3 February 2025}}</ref>

The film was made available for streaming on [[Netflix]] on 25 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ritika |title=Jewel Thief The Heist Begins: Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat's thriller gets a release date, will stream directly on OTT |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawats-thriller-gets-a-release-date-will-stream-directly-on-ott-101743142197072.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=28 March 2025}}</ref>
The series was trending in 52 countries. It exceeded ''Animal'' and gained a viewership of 16.1 million climbing to #3 among top 10 shows in [[Netflix]] ,also becoming highest grossing Indian show in [[Netflix]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewel Thief - The Heist Records 16.1M Views, Becomes 2025's Most Viewed Indian Film On Netflix |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/jewel-thief-the-heist-records-16-1m-views-becomes-2025s-most-viewed-indian-film-on-netflix-2899959.html |publisher=Zee News |accessdate=2025-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins climbs to No. 3 on Netflix global charts; trends in 56 countries |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jewel-thief-heist-begins-climbs-no-3-netflix-global-charts-trends-56-countries/ |publisher=Bollywood Hungama |accessdate=2025-11-16}}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{Rotten Tomatoes prose|5|3.8|19|consensus=|access-date={{RT data|access date}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewel Thief - The Heist Begins |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/jewel_thief_the_heist_begins |access-date=25 July 2025 |website=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>
Vimala Mangat from ''Gazettely'' gave a rating of 7/10 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewel Thief Review |url=https://gazettely.com/2025/04/entertainment/jewel-thief-review/ |publisher=Gazettely |date=April 2025 |accessdate=2025-11-16}}</ref>
Kathy Gibson from website Access Bollywood rates it 3 out of 4 stars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review: Jewel Thief – The Heist Begins (2025) |url=https://accessbollywood.net/2025/04/25/movie-review-jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-2025/ |publisher=Access Bollywood |date=2025-04-25 |accessdate=2025-11-16}}</ref>
Darren Lucas of the website ''Movie Reviews'' rating it 3/5 stars writing it a Fun Heist Movie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins (2025) – Movie Review |url=https://moviesreview101.com/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-2025-movie-review/ |publisher=Movies Review 101 |accessdate=2025-11-16}}</ref>
Rishabh Suri writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film 1 out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last=Suri |first=Rishabh |title=Jewel Thief movie review: Saif Ali Khan, Jaideep Ahlawat's heist thriller succeeds in stealing your time |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jewel-thief-movie-review-saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawats-heist-thriller-succeeds-in-stealing-your-time-101745565517934.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=25 April 2025 }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] from ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 1/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Jewel Thief Movie Review: Lazy and banal Saif Ali Khan-Jaideep Ahlawat heist thriller has zero sparkle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jewel-thief-movie-review-lazy-and-banal-saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-heist-thriller-has-zero-sparkle-9965030/ |website=The Indian Express |date=25 April 2025}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] of ''[[Rediff]]'' awarded the film {{Fraction|2|1|2}} out of 5 stars.<ref>{{cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |title=Jewel Thief: The Heist Begins Review: This Vault's Empty! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-review/20250425.htm |website=Rediff |date=25 April 2025}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' reviewed the film.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |title=The Heist Begins' movie review: Saif Ali Khan struggles in a generic, juvenile thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jewel-thief-the-heist-begins-review-saif-ali-khan-jaideep-ahlawat-nikita-dutta/article69490056.ece |website=The Hindu |date=25 April 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|27843798}}
* {{Netflix title}}

{{Portal bar|Film|India}}

[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2020s heist films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian heist films]]
[[Category:Films about aircraft hijackings]]
[[Category:Films set in Budapest]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films set in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Films set in London]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Budapest]]
[[Category:Netflix original films]]

Subhankar Sarkar

2026-04-20T15:43:57Z

DebraToney89: created new info w/ refs

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Subhankar Sarkar
| image = Subhankar Sarkar leading a campaign rally in West Bengal.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|01|02|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Medinipur]], [[West Bengal]], India
| office = [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|President of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
| term_start = 21 September 2024
| term_end =
| president = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| predecessor = [[Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury]]
| successor =
| office1 = [[All India Congress Committee|National Secretary of All India Congress Committee]]
| term_start1 = September 2023
| term_end1 = 21 September 2024
| office2 = [[All India Congress Committee|Indian National Congress State-In-Charge of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Mizoram PCC]]
| term_start2 = September 2023
| term_end2 = 21 September 2024
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = [[Social Worker]] [[Politician]]
| spouse = Loora Ray Sarkar
| parents = Debabrata Sarkar (Father) Bijon Bala Sarkar (Mother)
| children = 2 sons (Andolan Sarkar and Aloran Sarkar)
}}
'''Subhankar Sarkar''' (born 2 January 1960) is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] from [[West Bengal]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress appoints Subhankar Sarkar as president of West Bengal unit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-appoints-subhankar-sarkar-as-president-of-west-bengal-unit/articleshow/113557402.cms |date=21 Sep 2024 |access-date=23 Sep 2024 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He is currently serving as President of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congress's soft face Subhankar Sarkar replaces Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury as party's West Bengal president |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/subhankar-sarkar-west-bengal-congress-chief-adhir-ranjan-chowdhury-9581094/ |date=21 Sep 2024 |access-date=23 Sep 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 21 September 2024, he was appointed as State President of the West Bengal Congress. Prior to this appointment, he served as National Secretary of the [[All India Congress Committee]] and the [[Indian National Congress]] State-In-Charge of [[Arunachal Pradesh Congress Committee]], [[Meghalaya Pradesh Congress Committee]] and [[Mizoram Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref>{{cite news |title=In Congress Reshuffle, Party Appoints New Secretaries, Joint Secretaries |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-congress-reshuffle-party-appoints-new-secretaries-joint-secretaries-6454745 |access-date=August 31, 2024 |publisher=NDTV |date=August 30, 2024}}</ref> He had previously served as National Secretary of the All India Congress Committee and State-In-Charge of [[Odisha]] between 2013 and 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-16 |title=AICC secretary for Odisha removed |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/Apr/16/aicc-secretary-for-odisha-removed-1802142.html |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-13 |title=Bengal Congress for fighting Lok Sabha election alone |url=https://www.dynamitenews.com/story/bengal-congress-for-fighting-lok-sabha-election-alone |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=www.dynamitenews.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral history==
He unsuccessfully contested [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] as [[Indian National Congress]] candidate from [[Noapara Assembly constituency|Noapara]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal 2021 |url=https://myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=1526 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

He contested the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] as State President of [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]] and [[Indian National Congress]] candidate from [[Sreerampur Assembly constituency | Sreerampur]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=West Bengal 2026|url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=2181|access-date=2026-04-20|website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Positions held by Subhankar Sarkar in the Indian National Congress and other wings associated with the party.
|-
! Year !! Positions held
|-
| 1993–1996 || National General Secretary & Spokesperson of the National Students' Union of India
|-
| 1996–2004 || State President of the National Students' Union of India, West Bengal Chhatra Parishad
|-
| 2004–2006 || National General Secretary of the [[Indian Youth Congress]]
|-
| 2007–2009 || Secretary, [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|-
| 2007–2013 || Spokesperson, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee
|-
| 2013 || General Secretary, West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee
|-
| 2013–2018 || Member of the Lok Sabha and Assembly Screening Committee, All India Congress Committee for Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, Manipur & Pondicherry
|-
| 2013–2018 || National Secretary, All India Congress Committee
|-
| 2018–2020 || Convenor of the Coordination Committee, West Bengal Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee
|-
| 2024 - 2024 || National Secretary, All India Congress Committee and Indian National Congress State-In-Charge of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Mizoram
|-
| 2024 - Present|| [[President (corporate title)|President]], [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarkar, Subhankar}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Presidents of West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

N. A. Poongavanam

2026-04-20T05:22:04Z

DebraToney89: created info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = N. A. Poongavanam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1927
| birth_place = Nayakkanthoppu
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| website =
| office1 = Member-Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| constituency1 = [[Katpadi Assembly constituency|Katpadi]]
| term_start1 = 1980
| term_end1 = 1984
| predecessor1 = [[M. A. Jayavelu]]
| successor1 = [[G. Ragupathi]]
}}
'''N. A. Poongavanam''' is an [[Indian politician]] and a former Member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) for the [[Katpadi Assembly constituency]]. Poongavanam is a party member of [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI). He contested and won the Katpadi Assembly constituency in the [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] on behalf of the Communist Party of India.<ref>"1980 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2017-05-08</ref><ref>தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றப் பேரவை “யார் - எவர்” 1980. சென்னை: தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றப் பேரவைச் செயலகம். ஏப்ரல் 1981. p. 384-385.</ref>

==Electoral Performance==
===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Katpadi<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=N. A. Poongavanam |party=Communist Party of India |votes=31,918 |percentage=46.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. K. Shanmugasundaram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,639 |percentage=38.79% |change=+34.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. R. Ranga Reddy |party=Janata Party |votes=7,214 |percentage=10.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. A. Jayavelu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,905 |percentage=4.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,279 |percentage=7.69% |change= 1.02% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,676 |percentage=57.64% |change= -5.08% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,387 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.30% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Possibly living people]]

Cuncolim revolt

2026-04-19T16:07:54Z

DebraToney89: started a post.

{{Short description|Massacre of Jesuit priests and civilians at Cuncolim, Portuguese Goa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Cuncolim revolt
| partof = [[Christianization of Goa]]
| weapons = swords, clubs, machetes
| image = Cuncolim Martyrs.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = A 17th-century painting in a church in [[Colva]] depicting the massacre of the five Jesuits
| date = {{start date|1583|07|15|df=y}}
| fatalities = 5 [[Jesuits]] 14 [[Goan Catholics]] 1 [[Portuguese People|Portuguese civilian]]
| injuries = none
| perpetrators = [[Kshatriya]]s from Cuncolim ~ 500 soldiers
| location = Cuncolim, Goa
| coordinates = {{Coord|15.181250|74.000299|region:US-MA_type:event|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
}}

The '''Cuncolim Massacre''' or '''Cuncolim Revolt''' was an incident that involved the [[massacre]] and [[mutilation]] of [[Jesuit]] priests and civilians by [[Hindu]] [[chieftain]]s in [[Cuncolim]], [[Portuguese Goa]] on 15 July 1583. The five priests along with one Portuguese civilian and 14 [[Goan Catholics]] were killed in the incident.<ref name="CE">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Martyrs of Cuncolim|first=Anthony X.|last=D'Souza}}</ref> The local Portuguese [[garrison]] retaliated by executing the village chieftains involved, and destroying the economic infrastructure of Cuncolim.<ref name=merinews>[http://www.merinews.com/article/goas-first-revolt-against-portuguese-rule-in-1583/129629.shtml India's First Revolt Against foreign Rule in 1583] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212358/http://www.merinews.com/article/goas-first-revolt-against-portuguese-rule-in-1583/129629.shtml |date=2016-03-04 }}.</ref>

==Background==
[[File:Saint Francis Xavier taking leave of King John III (1635) - José Avelar Rebelo.png|thumb|right|250px|Painting showing Jesuit missionary [[Francis Xavier]] taking leave of [[John III of Portugal]] before his departure to Goa in 1541, by [[José de Avelar Rebelo|Avelar Rebelo]] (1635)]]
Following the [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] by [[Afonso de Albuquerque]] in 1510, missionaries of various religious orders ([[Franciscans]], [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], [[Jesuits]], [[Augustinians]], etc.) were sent from Portugal to Goa with the goal of fulfilling the [[papal bull]] ''[[Romanus Pontifex]]'', which granted the [[patronage of the propagation of the Christian faith]] in Asia to the Portuguese. To promote assimilation of the native Goans with the Portuguese people, the Portuguese authorities in Goa supported these missionaries.<ref>{{cite book
|last=D'Costa
|first=Anthony
|date=1965
|title=The Christianisation of the Goa Islands 1510-1567
|publisher=Heras Institute
|location=Bombay}}</ref>
[[File:Codice Casanatense Portuguese Nobleman and Christian Indian.jpg|thumb|Christian maidens of Goa meeting a Portuguese nobleman seeking a wife, from the [[Códice Casanatense]] (c. 1540)]]

Almost half of Salcete (present-day [[Salcete]] and [[Morumugão Sub-District]]) remained Hindu till 1575, but the [[Velha Goa|city of Goa]] was almost completely Christian by this time.{{sfn|Mendonça|2002|p=405}} ([[Tiswadi]] was completely christianized by January 1563.<ref>''Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians'', Alan Machado Prabhu, I.J.A. Publications, 1999, pp. 100–101.</ref>) [[Cuncolim]] was a border village, inhabited by a majority Hindu population. It was prosperous compared to neighboring areas due to its fertile land, with abundant and fresh water from rivers descending from the hinterland of Goa.<ref>XCHR Manuscripts – J. N. da Fonseca Papers: Contains replies sent by various villages and other State bodies to a questionnaire circulated by Dr. J. N. da Fonseca in 1875 with the help of J. H. da Cunha Rivara. These replies were partly used by Dr. Fonseca in preparation of his classic An Historical and Archaeologícal Sketch of the City of Goa, Bombay, 1878.</ref> Surplus agricultural production had enabled this village to develop crafts of a very skilled order and it was known for its metal work. As Afonso de Albuquerque wrote in his letters back to Portugal, guns of good quality were manufactured in Cuncolim, which he found comparable to those made in Germany.<ref>Cartas de Afonso de Albuquerque, ed. Bulhão Pato, Lisboa, 1884, Vol.I, p. 203.</ref>

There were 12 ''Vangodds'' ([[Konkani language|Konkani]]: clans) of ''Ganvkars'' (landlords) in Cuncolim. Their names, in order of precedence, were Mhal, Shetkar, Naik, Mangro, [[Shett|Xette]], Tombdo, Porob, Sidakalo, Lokakalo, Bandekar, Rouno and Benklo. The ''Ganvkars'', who held common ownership of the village and paid all taxes, were also the founders and caretakers of the main village temple in Cuncolim.<ref name=Robinson>Rowena Robinson, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4405091 Cuncolim: Weaving a Tale of Resistance], ''Economic and Political Weekly'' Vol. 32, No. 7 (Feb. 15–21, 1997), pp. 334–340.</ref>

Cuncolim depended on a permanent bazaar at the end of more than one caravan route, connecting it with the mainland through the Ghats of Ashthagrahar province.<ref>Ajuda Library (Lisbon), Ms. 54-X-20.</ref> In keeping with the traditional fairs and religious festivities, the economy of Cuncolim depended upon its temple and religious celebrations. Due to this, there was an angry reaction from the Brahmin caste towards the attempts of the Jesuits who sought to establish Christianity in Cuncolim and its satellite villages of [[Assolna]], [[Veroda]], [[Velim, Goa|Velim]] and [[Ambelim, Goa|Ambelim]] in 1583. The abandonment of local temples by [[Goan Catholics]] would lead to the financial deprivation of the Brahmins.<ref name="goacom.com">[http://www.goacom.com/culture/history/cuncolim.html Goa History -WHY CUNCOLIM MARTYRS?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502142818/http://www.goacom.com/culture/history/cuncolim.html |date=2008-05-02 }}.</ref>

The ''Ganvkars'' of Cuncolim refused to pay taxes to the Portuguese authorities. They built temples illegally on lands owned by Christian converts. They also rebuilt temples that had been demolished by the [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and [[Bijapur Sultanate]] before the arrival of the Portuguese. Hence the Portuguese [[Christian missionary|missionaries]] found it difficult to convert them.<ref name="Cuncolim">''Conversions and citizenry: Goa under Portugal 1510–1610'', Délio de Mendonça, Concept Publishing Company, 2002, p. 275.</ref>{{sfn|Mendonça|2002|pages=272-73}}

The Portuguese chronicler [[Diogo do Couto]] described Cuncolim as "The leader of rebellions" and its people as "The dangerous of all villages of Salcete".<ref>Diogo do Couto, Decada X, P. I, L. III, Cap. XVI (Lisboa, 1788), pp. 383–85.</ref> Jesuit priest [[Alessandro Valignano]] described Cuncolim as 'rigid and obstinate' in its adherence to idolatory.<ref name=Robinson/> This was due to their refusal to give up their native religions and customs.

==The massacre==
Five Jesuits, including [[Rodolfo Acquaviva]], met in the church at [[Orlim]] on 15 July 1583 and then proceeded to Cuncolim. They were accompanied by one Portuguese layman (Gonçalo Rodrigues) and 14 native converts, with the objective of erecting a cross and selecting ground for building a church. Meanwhile, several villagers in Cuncolim, after holding a council, advanced in large numbers, armed with swords, lances, and other weapons, towards the spot where the Christians were.<ref name="CE"/>

According to Anthony D'Souza, writing in the ''Catholic Encyclopaedia'', Gonçalo Rodrigues leveled his gun at the advancing crowd, but was stopped by Alfonso Pacheco who said: "We are not here to fight." Then, he addressed the crowd in Konkani, their native language, he said "Do not be afraid". Following this, the villagers attacked the party.<ref name="CE"/>

Rodolfo received five cuts from a [[scimitar]] and a spear and was killed on the spot. According to D'Souza, he died praying to God to forgive the assailants. Next, the crowd turned on Peter Berno who was horribly mutilated, and Pacheco who, wounded with a spear, fell on his knees extending his arms in the form of a cross. António Francisco was shot with arrows, and his head was split open with a sword. Francisco Aranha, wounded at the outset by a scimitar and a lance, fell down a deep declivity into the thick crop of a rice-field, where he lay until he was discovered. He was then carried to a Hindu idol, to which he was bidden to bow his head. Upon his refusal to do this, he was tied to a tree and was shot to death with arrows. The spot where this tree stood is marked with an octagonal monument surmounted by a cross, which was repaired by the Patriarch of Goa in 1885.<ref name="CE"/>

Along with the five priests, Gonçalo Rodrigues and the 14 [[Goan Catholics]] were also killed. Of the latter, one was Domingo, a boy of Cuncolim, who was a student at [[Rachol Seminary]], and had accompanied the priests on their expeditions to Cuncolim and pointed out to them the Hindu temples. He was killed by his own Hindu uncle for assisting the priests.<ref name="CE"/>

Afonso, a native of Margão or Verna, was an [[altar server]] of Pacheco and followed him closely, carrying his [[breviary]]. His hands were cut off on his refusal to part with the breviary and he was cut through his knee-joints to prevent his escape. The boy survived in this condition until the next day when he was found and killed. He was later buried in the Church of the Holy Ghost at [[Margao]] in South Goa. Several of the victims, including Francisco Rodrigues and Paolo da Costa had earlier affirmed their desire to be martyred for the Church.<ref name="CE"/>

===Beatification of the priests===
Following the massacre the bodies of the five priests were thrown into a well, water of which was afterwards sought by people from all parts of Goa for its miraculous healing. The well still stands today inside the St. Francis Xavier chapel situated at Maddicotto in Cuncolim and is opened for people to view once a year on the feast day of [[Francis Xavier]], celebrated on 3 December.<ref name=merinews/>

Christian chroniclers state that the bodies themselves, when found, after two and a half days, allowed no signs of decomposition. They were solemnly buried in the [[Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Neves|Church of Our Lady of the Snows]] at [[Rachol]], and remained there until 1597, when they were removed to the [[Saint Paul's College, Goa]], and in 1862 to the [[Cathedral of Goa]]. Some of these [[relics]] have been sent to Europe at various times. All the bones of the entire right arm of Rodolfo were taken to Rome in 1600, and his left arm was sent from Goa as a present to the Jesuit College at [[Naples]].<ref name="CE"/>

In accordance with the request of the Pacheco family, an arm and leg of Alfonso were sent to Europe in 1609. The process of canonisation began in 1600, but it was only in 1741 that [[Pope Benedict XIV]] declared the martyrdom proved. On the 16 April 1893, the five martyrs were [[Beatification|beatified]] at St. Peter's in Rome.<ref name="CE"/>

==Portuguese retaliation and aftermath==
The captain-major of [[Rachol]] in charge of the Portuguese Army garrison at the (now extinct) [[Assolna Fort]], Gomes Eanes de Figueiredo, was determined to punish those responsible for the deaths of the victims.<ref name=Robinson/> Hence the Portuguese army raided and destroyed orchards and fields surrounding the village.<ref name=merinews/>

The Hindu chieftains of Cuncolim, who had led the massacre, were then summoned to the Assolna fort situated on the banks of the [[Sal River (India)|River Sal]]. (The Church of Regina Martyrum, built in memory of the martyred Christians, now stands at this location.) Charged with [[treason]], sixteen of them were sentenced to death by the Portuguese authorities. One escaped execution by jumping into the Assolna River through a toilet hole and fleeing to distant [[Karwar]].<ref>[http://www.shvoong.com/social-sciences/political-science/1726108-cuncolim-revolt-1583-resistance-foreign/ Cuncolim revolt of 1583- First resistance against foreign rule in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107195148/http://www.shvoong.com/social-sciences/political-science/1726108-cuncolim-revolt-1583-resistance-foreign/ |date=2014-01-07 }}.</ref>

Following the execution of their leaders, the Hindu landlords of Cuncolim and neighbouring villages (Velim, Assolna, Ambelim and Veroda) rebelled by refusing to pay taxes on the produce generated from their fields and orchards to the Portuguese government. As a result, their lands were confiscated by the Portuguese Crown and entrusted to the [[County|Condado]] of the [[Marquis of Fronteira]] in 1585.<ref name=merinews/><ref name=goacom.com/> Most of Cuncolim's villagers converted to Christianity in the years following the massacre. The Church of Nossa Senhora de Saúde was constructed by the Portuguese at the site of the massacre.<ref name="Machado">{{cite book
|title=Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians
|first=Alan Machado Prabhu
|last=I.J.A. Publications
|date=1999
|page=103}}</ref>
The conversion of almost all of the villagers to Christianity forced the few remaining Hindus in Cuncolim to move their places of worship. The temple of the goddess Shantadurga Cuncolikarian was moved to the neighboring village of [[Fatorpa]] to the south.<ref name=merinews/>

==Biographies of the Jesuits==
===Rodolfo Acquaviva===
[[File:Jesuits at Akbar's court.jpg|thumb|Illustration in the [[Akbarnama]] of the [[Ibadat Khana]], on the left in blue is Bl. Acquaviva with his companion Fr. Henriques at his side]]

[[Rodolfo Acquaviva]] was born on 2 October 1550, at [[Atri, Abruzzo|Atri]] in the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. He was the fifth child of the Duke of Atri and nephew of [[Claudio Acquaviva]], the fifth General of the Society of Jesus, while on his mother's side he was a cousin of [[Aloysius Gonzaga]]. Admitted into the Society of Jesus on 2 April 1568, he landed in Goa on 13 September 1578. Shortly after his arrival he was selected for an important mission to the court of the emperor [[Akbar the great]], who had sent an emissary to [[Velha Goa]] requesting that two learned missionaries might be sent to [[Fatehpur Sikri]], the capital of the [[Moghul empire]]. After spending three years at the Mughal court, he returned to Goa, much to the regret of the whole court and especially of the emperor. On his return to Goa, he was appointed superior of the [[Salcette]] mission, a post he held until his martyrdom. After hearing of Acquaviva's death, Akbar is believed to have grieved; "Alas, father, my advice was good that you should not go, but you would not follow it."<ref name="Machado"/>

===Alphonsus Pacheco===
Alphonsus Pacheco was born about 1551, in [[Minaya]] (Spain), and entered the Society on 8 September 1567. In September 1574, he arrived in Goa, where he so distinguished himself by his rare prudence and virtue that in 1578; he was sent to Europe on important business. Returning to India in 1581, he was made rector of [[Rachol Seminary]]. He accompanied two punitive expeditions of the Portuguese to the village of Cuncolim, and was instrumental in destroying the pagodas there.<ref name="CE"/>

===Peter Berno===
Peter Berno (or Berna) was born of humble parents in 1550 at [[Ascona]], a Swiss village at the foot of the Alps. After being ordained priest in [[Rome]], he entered the Society of Jesus in 1577, arrived in Goa in 1579, and was soon appointed to Salcete. He accompanied the expeditions to Cuncolim, and assisted in destroying the Hindu temples, destroyed an ant-hill which was deemed very sacred, and killed a cow which was also an object of Hindu worship. He used to say constantly that no fruit would be gathered from Cuncolim and the hamlets around it till they were bathed in blood shed for the Faith. His superiors declared that he had converted more pagans than all the other fathers put together.<ref name="CE"/>

===Anthony Francis===
Anthony Francis, born in 1553, was a poor student of [[Coimbra]] in Portugal. He joined the Society in 1571, accompanied Pacheco to India in 1581, and was shortly afterwards ordained priest in Goa. It is said that whenever he said Mass, he prayed, at the Elevation, for the grace of martyrdom; and that on the day before his death, when he was saying Mass at the church of Orlim, a miracle prefigured the granting of this prayer.<ref name="CE"/>

===Francis Aranha===
Francis Aranha was born of a wealthy and noble family of [[Braga]] in Portugal, about 1551, and went to India with his uncle, the first archbishop of Goa, [[Gaspar de Leão Pereira]]. There he joined the Society of Jesus on 1 November 1571. Being a skilled draughtsman and architect, he built several fine chapels in Goa.

This [[beatification]] was celebrated in Goa in 1894, and the feast has ever since then been kept with great solemnity at Cuncolim, even by the descendants of those who participated in the murders. The Calendar of the [[Archdiocese of Goa]] has fixed 27 July as their feast day.<ref name="CE"/>

==Reception==
The native Goans and the Portuguese layman who were killed along with the five Jesuits were excluded from the list of the [[Martyrs of the Faith]], when the Church opened its [[Beatification]] process. According to writer Délio de Mendonça, this was due to the then prevailing attitude among the missionaries that the resident Catholics were by nature incapable of performing spiritual feats.{{sfn|Mendonça|2002|p=335}}

In 2003, a memorial to the Hindu chieftains was constructed in Cuncolim, on the initiative of Verissimo Coutinho, head of the Cuncolim Chieftains Memorial Trust.<ref name=merinews/> Prior to its construction however, the memorial met with strong opposition from the local Catholic parish, on the grounds of its proximity to another memorial built 102 years ago in memory of the five slain Jesuit priests. They instead argued that the memorial should have been built in Assolna, where the Hindu chieftains were executed.<ref>[http://www.goanews.com/news_disp.php?pageno=2&catid=155&newsid=32 Church-Cuncolim Gaunkars clash over martyrs' memorial] – November 13, 1999, Goa News.</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Christian Kshatriyas]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Catholic|wstitle=Martyrs of Cuncolim}}

==Notes==
*D'Souza, ''Oriente Conquistado'';
*Goldie, ''First Christian Mission to the Great Mogul, The Blessed Martyrs of Cuncolim'';
*Gracias, ''Uma Donna Portuegueza na Corte do Grao-Mogol'' (1907).
*Teotonio R. de Souza: ''Why Cuncolim martyrs? An historical re-assessment'', in ''Jesuits in India in historical perspective'', Macao, 1992.
*{{Citation
| last = Mendonça
| first = Délio de
| year = 2002
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Mh3kKf0VSfQC
| title = Conversions and citizenry: Goa under Portugal 1510–1610
| publisher = Concept Publishing Company
| isbn = 978-81-7022-960-5
| access-date = 2011-12-05}}

==External links==
*[http://goacom.com/the-cuncolim-martyrs-paper-by-prof-teotonio-r-de-souza/ ''Why Cuncolim Martyrs?'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuncolim Revolt}}
[[Category:Colonial Goa]]
[[Category:Christianity in Goa]]
[[Category:1580s in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:1583 in India]]
[[Category:1583 in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs]]
[[Category:Jesuit martyrs]]
[[Category:Social history of Goa]]
[[Category:Violence against Christians in India]]

Pupri Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T14:07:17Z

DebraToney89: Created New Info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Pupri 
| type = SLA
|state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency|Sitamarhi]]
| established = 1977
| abolished = 2010
}}{{Related|[[Nageshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]}}
'''Pupri Assembly constituency''' was an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Sitamarhi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. Nearest railway station is [Janakpur Road].

==Overview==
It was part of [[Sitamarhi Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_2004/Vol_III_LS_2004.pdf |title = General Elections, 2004 - Details for Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies |work = 11. Sitamarhi | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-10-25 }}</ref>

As a consequence of the orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]], Pupri Assembly constituency ceased to exist in 2010.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

==Election results==
===1977-2005===
In the [[Bihar Assembly Election, Oct 2005|October 2005]] and [[Bihar Assembly Election, Feb 2005|February 2005 state assembly elections]], Shahid Ali Khan of [[Janata Dal (United)]] won the 72 Pupri assembly seat, defeating his nearest rivals, Ram Dulari Devi and [[Nawal Kishore Rai]], both of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], in respective years. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. [[Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)|Sitaram Yadav]] of RJD defeated Habib Ahmad Birari of JD(U) in 2000. [[Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)|Sitaram Yadav]] representing [[Janata Dal]] defeated Ram Briksh Chaudhary representing [[Samata Party]] in 1995 and representing [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1990. Ram Briksh Chaudhary of Congress defeated [[Sitaram Yadav (politician, born 1946)|Sitaram Yadav]] of [[Lok Dal]] in 1985 and Sudama Devi of Congress in 1980. Habib Ahmad Birari of [[Janata Party]] defeated Ram Briksh Chaudhary of Congress in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S04/partycomp72.htm
|title = 72 - Pupri Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 disestablishments in India]]
{{coord|26|29|13|N|85|40|20|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=inline,title}}

Kollam Babu

2026-04-13T21:45:33Z

DebraToney89: creating new stub

{{Short description|Indian artist (1941–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mukundan Pillai
| image = Kollam Babu (Mukundan Pillai).png
| birth_name = Mukundan Pillai
| birth_date = 1941
| birth_place = [[Kollam]], [[Travancore]]<ref name="ReferenceA">manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2021/09/12/kollam-babu-passes-away.amp.html</ref>
| death_date = 12 September 2021<ref name="obit 1">{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/Sep/13/kathaprasangam-artist-kollam-babu-dies-at-80-2357855.html | title=Kathaprasangam artist Kollam Babu dies at 80 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] | date=13 September 2021 }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Kollam]], [[Kerala]], India<ref name="obit 1" />
| occupation = Drama artist<ref name="ReferenceA">manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2021/09/12/kollam-babu-passes-away.amp.html</ref>
| years_active = 1959
| relatives =
}}
'''Kollam Babu''' (1941 – 12 September 2021), born as '''Mukundan Pillai''', was a well-known [[Kadhaprasangam]] artist in [[Kerala]], India. He performed Kadhaprasangam at more than 15,000 venues.<ref name="obit 2">{{Cite web |title=Famous Kathaprasangam artist Kollam Babu passes away |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=638563&u=famous-kathaprasangam-artist-kollam-babu-passes-away-638563 |access-date=25 July 2024 |website=Keralakaumudi Daily |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Mukundan Pillai was born into a [[Travancore]]-based [[Nair|Nair family]] in [[Kollam district]], Kerala. He has a brother, Gopinathan Nair, who is a singer. He completed his education up to class 10. He debuted as a theatre performer at the age of 13, playing a 60-year-old character.<ref name="obit 2" />

==Career==
Initially he worked as a government employee in [[Kollam]], Kerala later he exit that job for a full time drama artist. He present all Type of Indian language poems as Kadhaprasangam with his official drama troupe, "[[Kollam Yavana]]."<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt2bXhAV3u0 |title="Life of Drama actor Kollam Babu"- Kannadi 2, June 2012 Part 4 |date=2 June 2012 |last=asianetnews |access-date=26 July 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref> He presented more than 35 stories in more 1000 stages in Kerala. 3 January 1959 his debut in Kadhaprasangam, his Kadhaprasangam career is until 1990s (35 years).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nt2bXhAV3u0 |title="Life of Drama actor Kollam Babu"- Kannadi 2, June 2012 Part 4 |date=2 June 2012 |last=asianetnews |access-date=26 July 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Recipient of numerous honors, including the [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]],<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=12 September 2021 |title=Kathaprasangam artiste Kollam Babu dead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kathaprasangam-artiste-kollam-babu-dead/article36415803.ece |access-date=26 July 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> he performed on thousands of stages. Kollam Babu was well-known in theatre circles, having started his career on the stage.<ref name="obit 1" />

== Death ==
He died on Sunday, 12 September 2021, in Kollam, Kerala, due to an age-related ailment.<ref name="obit 1" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0vX4T6-DDI |title=കാഥികൻ കൊല്ലം ബാബു അന്തരിച്ചു.. I Veteran storyteller Kollam Babu passes away |date=12 September 2021 |last=Marunadan TV |access-date=26 July 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
{{improve categories|date=November 2025}}

Auqib Nabi

2026-04-11T17:30:43Z

DebraToney89:

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Auqib Nabi
| image =
| country =
| fullname = Auqib Nabi Dar
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|11|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Baramulla]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| height = 183 cm
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]]
| role = Bowling [[all-rounder]]

| club1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu & Kashmir]]
| year1 = 2018/19–present
| club2 = [[Delhi Capitals]]
| year2 = 2026
| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 41
| runs1 = 969
| bat avg1 = 19.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/2
| top score1 = 55
| deliveries1 = 5,952
| wickets1 = 156
| bowl avg1 = 18.37
| fivefor1 = 16
| tenfor1 = 4
| best bowling1 = 7/24
| catches/stumpings1 = 6/–
| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 36
| runs2 = 572
| bat avg2 = 27.23
| 100s/50s2 = 1/0
| top score2 = 114[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 1,767
| wickets2 = 56
| bowl avg2 = 27.37
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = 4/39
| catches/stumpings2 = 5/–
| column3 = [[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 = 34
| runs3 = 141
| bat avg3 = 10.84
| 100s/50s3 = 0/0
| top score3 = 32
| deliveries3 = 727
| wickets3 = 43
| bowl avg3 = 21.81
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = –
| best bowling3 = 4/16
| catches/stumpings3 = 10/–
| date = 28 March
| year = 2026
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/auqib-nabi-1159732 ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Auqib Nabi Dar''' (born 4 November 1996) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays as a right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] bowler. He represents [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu & Kashmir]] in domestic cricket and [[Delhi Capitals]] in the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1159732.html |title=Auqib Nabi |access-date=29 March 2026|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/jammu-kashmir-s-pace-future-in-good-hands-with-mujtaba-yousuf-and-aquib-nabi-1217255|title=Jammu & Kashmir's pace future in good hands with Mujtaba Yousuf and Aquib Nabi|date=23 February 2020|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|first=Shashank|last=Kishore}}</ref>

==Career==
Auqib made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for [[Jammu and Kashmir cricket team|Jammu & Kashmir]] in the [[2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 23 September 2018.<ref name="LA">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156828.html |title=Elite, Group C, Vijay Hazare Trophy at Chennai, Sep 23 2018 |access-date=23 September 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 11 November 2019, for Jammu & Kashmir in the [[2019–20 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]].<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1205766.html |title=Group E, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy at Surat, Nov 11 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

Auqib made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut on 3 January 2020, for Jammu & Kashmir in the [[2019–20 Ranji Trophy]].<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1203508.html |title=Elite, Group C, Ranji Trophy at Ranchi, Jan 3-6 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> On 19 January 2020, he took 5 for 39 wickets against [[Odisha cricket team|Odisha]] in a Ranji Trophy match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/aquib-nabi-takes-five-wickets-to-help-j-k-dismiss-odisha-for-161-120011900650_1.html|title= Aquib Nabi Takes Five Wickets To Help J&K Dismiss Odisha For 161|date=19 January 2020|publisher=Republic World|author=Press Trust of India}}</ref> In October 2024 he took his best first-class figures, 5 for 29, to help Jammu & Kashmir dismiss [[Services cricket team|Services]] for 71.<ref>{{cite web |title=Services vs J + K, Elite, Group A at Srinagar, Ranji Trophy, Oct 26 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2024-25-1445824/jammu-kashmir-vs-services-elite-group-a-1445872/full-scorecard |website=Cricinfo |access-date=31 October 2024}}</ref>

In the [[2024–25 Ranji Trophy|2024–25 Ranji season]] Auqib took 44 wickets, the second-most in the season, with a strike-rate of 30.47 and an average of 13.93.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most wickets for Ranji Trophy, 2024/25 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/ranji-trophy-2024-25-16560 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219010109/https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/tournament/bowling-most-wickets-career/ranji-trophy-2024-25-16560 |archive-date=2025-02-19 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> He was selected for [[North Zone cricket team|North Zone]] in the [[2025–26 Duleep Trophy]]. In the game against [[East Zone cricket team|East Zone]] he took four wickets in four balls starting with [[Virat Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pant |first=Ashish |date=29 August 2025 |title='My goal is to wear the India whites' - Auqib Nabi shakes up the Duleep Trophy with four wickets in four balls |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/duleep-trophy-auqib-nabi-creates-magic-and-a-rare-record-by-being-consistent-1500742 |website=Cricinfo}}</ref>

Auqib achieved his highest first-class score and best bowling figures in Jammu & Kashmir's innings defeat of [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]] in October 2025, when he made 55 and took 3 for 29 and 7 for 24.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rajasthan vs J + K, Elite, Group D at Srinagar, Ranji Trophy, Oct 25 2025 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2025-26-1492381/jammu-kashmir-vs-rajasthan-elite-group-d-1492423/full-scorecard |publisher=Cricinfo |access-date=28 October 2025}}</ref> He was bought by Delhi Capitals for 8.40 crore in the IPL auction 2026.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2025 |title=Auqib Nabi for 8.40 crore |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2026/who-is-auqib-dar-dale-steyn-of-baramulla-who-went-for-rs-8-4-crore-to-delhi-capitals-in-ipl-2026-auction-9825934 |access-date=16 December 2025 |work=NDTV}}</ref> He won the [[player of the match]] award in the Ranji Trophy semi-final in February 2026 when he took 5 for 87 and 4 for 36 and made 42 in Jammu & Kashmir's victory over [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]], which took them into their first-ever Ranji Trophy final.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bengal vs J + K, 2nd semi final at Kalyani, Ranji Trophy, Feb 15 2026 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/ranji-trophy-2025-26-1492381/bengal-vs-jammu-kashmir-2nd-semi-final-1492523/full-scorecard |publisher=Cricinfo |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref> Jammu & Kashmir won the Ranji Trophy by winning the final on the first innings, and Auqib's 60 wickets at an average of 12.65 earned him the award of player of the tournament.<ref name="Bio"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1159732}}

{{Delhi Capitals squad}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabi, Auqib}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir cricketers]]

Preethsod Thappa

2026-04-10T17:18:53Z

DebraToney89: Created New Post - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Preethsod Thappa
| image = Preethsod Thappa.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]]
| story = [[Krishna Vamshi]]
| based_on = ''[[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]'' (1996)
| producer = [[Rockline Venkatesh]]
| starring = Ravichandran [[Shilpa Shetty]] [[Prakash Raj]] [[Lokesh]]
| music = [[Hamsalekha]]
| cinematography = G. S. V. Seetharam
| editing = P. R. Soundarraj
| studio = Rockline Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1998|11|6}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Preethsod Thappa''''' ({{translation|'Is it wrong to fall in love?'}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romance drama]] film directed by [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]] and produced by [[Rockline Venkatesh]]. The film stars [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|Ravichandran]] and [[Shilpa Shetty]] (in her [[Sandalwood (cinema)|Sandalwood]] debut).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/movies/preethsod-thappa/cast-crew.html |title=Preethsod Thappa |language=en |access-date=2025-12-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112143533/http://entertainment.oneindia.in/kannada/movies/preethsod-thappa/cast-crew.html |archive-date=2013-11-12}}</ref> Actors [[Lokesh]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] and [[Prakash Raj]] feature in other prominent roles. The film is a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Ninne Pelladata (1996 film)|Ninne Pelladata]]'' (1996).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.rediff.com/movies/1999/jan/23rem.htm| title = Rediff On The NeT, Movies: Scene-stealers}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In the opening scene, Raja is seen racing in a bike race, faces all the obstacles, defeats everybody, and is victorious in the race. He lives with his parents, Sathya and Mahalakshmi, and other family members, which includes his uncle, maternal uncle, family friend, and their families. They all love each other and live like one big family. Chandana lives in Mangalore with her parents and two younger sisters. She wants to pursue pilot training in Bangalore and shifts to Raja's house and stays as a guest. Chandana and Raja's family bond well together. Raja and Chandana gradually fall in love.

After discovering that Chandana stays in Sathya's house, her father takes her back with him. In the flashback, it is revealed that Chandana's mother Bhavani is Sathya's sister who married Chandana's father against Sathya's wish. Enraged, Sathya had tried to kill Chandana's father. Back in the present, we see men of both families holding grudges against each other. Chandana's father fixes her marriage with another man. Chandana, who feels that Raja could not prevent the marriage, consumes poison. But Raja comes to her house, beats all the goons hired by her father, and escapes from there with her. Chandana, due to consuming poison, vomits blood. She is hospitalized. The families wait outside the operating theatre. They ultimately realize their mistake, forgive each other, and happily agree to Raja and Chandana's marriage. In the end, Chandana comes out of the operating theatre healed and hugs Raja.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] as Raja
* [[Shilpa Shetty]] as Chandana
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Chandana's father
* [[Lokesh]] as Sathya
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Mahalakshmi
* [[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Murthy
* [[Doddanna]] as Puttaswamy
* [[Vinaya Prasad]] as Bhavani
* [[Ramakrishna (Kannada actor)|Ramakrishna]] as Hari
* [[Umashree]] as Uma
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Vasu
* [[Y. Vijaya]] as Vijaya
* Suchitra
* [[Jayashree Raj]]
* [[Tennis Krishna]] as Tennis
* [[Mandeep Roy]]
* Adarsha
* Shivadwaj as Shivu
}}

== Soundtrack ==
All the songs are composed and written by [[Hamsalekha]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mio.to/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22233-O_Nanna_Nalle__2000_/#/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22233-O_Nanna_Nalle__2000_/ |title=O Nanna Nalle songs |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422232948/http://mio.to/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22233-O_Nanna_Nalle__2000_/#/album/31-kannada_movie_songs/22233-O_Nanna_Nalle__2000_/ |archive-date=22 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was the last film with Hamsalekha - Ravichandran combination before they parted ways due to the differences in opinion.<ref>[http://crazystarravichandran.webs.com/aboutme.htm About Me- Crazy Star V. Ravichandran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092227/http://crazystarravichandran.webs.com/aboutme.htm |date=7 April 2014 }}</ref> ''Music Magazine'' wrote "Hamsalekha's wit, his ability to rhyme the most unlikely words, and his flair for simple, catchy tunes come together in this tape".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themusicmagazine.com/review2a.html|work=The Music Magazine|access-date=7 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030116155719/http://themusicmagazine.com/review2a.html|archive-date=16 January 2003|title=Preethsod Thappa}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
! Sl No !! Song title !! Singer(s)
|-
| 1 || "Bangaradinda Bannana" ||rowspan=2|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
| 2 || "Sone Sone"
|-
| 3 || "Ondu Moda" || [[L. N. Shastry]], Anuradha Sriram
|-
| 4 || "Dingu Dingu Dinguda" || [[Malgudi Shubha]], Anuradha Sriram, Umashree, Suma Shastry, [[Ramesh Chandra (singer)|Ramesh Chandra]]
|-
| 5 || "Raja Raja" || Anuradha Sriram
|-
| 6 || "Made in India" || Chorus
|-
| 7 || "Choriyagide Nanna Dil" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|}

==Reception==
Jyothi Raghuram of ''The Hindu'' wrote, "As a remake, what is special about ‘Preethsod Thappa” is the excellent colour sense in which the film revels in, besides its technical excellence."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/5805F4FB55F4323965256940004D0DAC?OpenDocument|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214151044/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/5805F4FB55F4323965256940004D0DAC?OpenDocument|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-02-14|title=Preethsod Thappa|work=The Hindu|date=13 November 1998|access-date=20 June 2023|first=Jyothi|last=Raghuram}}</ref> Srikanth Srinivasa of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that that the story was "predictable" and that it was "...nothing new". He commended the acting performance of [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] and the camerawork of G. S. V. Seetharam.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=AT THE THEATRES: PREETHISOD THAPPA? (Kannada) |url=http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov15/enter.htm |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=7 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990419212511/http://deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov15/enter.htm |archive-date=19 April 1999 |date=15 November 1998 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0362041}}

{{V. Ravichandran}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Preethsod Thappa}}
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Hamsalekha]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ravichandran (Kannada actor)]]
[[Category:1998 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Rockline Entertainments films]]

Virampura State

2026-04-09T09:01:38Z

DebraToney89: created some post w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Princely state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Virampura State
|common_name =Virampura
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start =
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = File:Rewa_Kantha_Agency_with_all_Princely_States_Gujarat_during_British_India_1811-1937_with_labels.svg
|image_map_caption = Location of Virampura
|stat_area1 =2.59
|stat_year1 =1931
|stat_pop1 =107
|footnotes =
}}
'''Virampura State''' was a minor [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in what is today [[Gujarat State]] India. It was initially administered by the [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 266, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n297/mode/2up and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency.</ref> and then by the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1935, p. 104,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347/page/n113/mode/2up?view=theater</ref> It was part of the 28 Princely States making up the [[Sankheda Mehwas]], estates dating from the fall of Pawagadh in 1484, by Rajputts settling on the south of the territory near the town of Sankheda, from which the Sankheda Mehwas derive their name.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref> The state had a population of 107 and an area of 1 sq mile.<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1939, p. 26, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35598/page/n35/mode/2up</ref>

==History==

The state of [[Baroda]] had imposed a tribute on the Sankheda Mewas, it's extraction causing British intervention in 1822, brokering an agreement where the [[Gaekwar]] received tribute from the states, while their independence was recognised by Baroda, which also promised to respect the petty states' rights.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref>

==Rulers==

The Ruler held the title of Thakur

* Thakur Nathu Khan Kalubava Pathan (b. 1854) July 20, 1873-fl.1915 <ref>Memoranda On Native States In Indian 1915, p. 236
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35687/page/n241/mode/2up</ref>
* Thakur Amadkhan Nathukhan (b. 1880) February 12, 1918- fl. 1939 <ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1939, p. 26, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35598/page/n35/mode/2up</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

Etho Janma Kalpanayil

2026-04-07T23:47:36Z

DebraToney89: started post.

{{short description|2024 Malayalam television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Etho Janma Kalpanayil - Titlecard.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Television comedy|Comedy]]
| creator = [[Merryland Studio]]
| based_on = ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''
| developer =
| screenplay = Ganesh Olikkara
| director = Sachin K. Ibaque
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Visal Ramachandran
* Aiswarya Suresh
}}
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| music = Sanand George
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 412
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Saranya Subramaniam
| editor =
| location = [[Palakkad]] [[Trivandrum]]
| cinematography = Manoj
| camera = Multi camera
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Merryland Studio]]
| channel =
| network = {{plainlist|
* [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
* [[JioHotstar]] (India)
* [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
}}
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2024|01|29}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2025|08|29}}
| related = ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]''
}}

'''''Etho Janma Kalpanayil (ഏതോ ജന്മ കല്പനയിൽ)''''' is a [[Malayalam]]-language romantic drama television series that aired on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] from 29 January 2024 to 29 August 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet Unveils New Romantic Family Soap "Etho Janma Kalpanayil" Premiering on January 29th, 2024|url=https://www.disneystar.com//newsroom/asianet-unveils-new-romantic-family-soap-etho-janma-kalpanayil-premiering-on-january-29th-2024/|website=Disney Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Etho Janma Kalpanayil , Asianet Unveils New Romantic Family Soap Premiering on January 29th at 02:30 PM|url=https://news.indiantvinfo.com/etho-janma-kalpanayil-serial/|website=Indian TV Info|language=en}}</ref> This series is a remake of the [[Hindi]] television series ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]'', which aired on [[StarPlus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Etho Janma Kalpanayil:A new series on Asianet based on love and family relationships|url=https://www.kalakaumudi.com/malayalam/movie/new-serial-etho-janma-kalpanayil-in-asianet-2024-01-25|website=kalakaumudi.com|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet to premiere 'Etho Janma Kalpanayil' on January 29|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2024/01/asianet-to-premiere-etho-janma-kalpanayil-on-january-29|website=bestmediainfo.com}}</ref> It stars Visal Ramachandran and Aiswarya Suresh in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Etho Janma Kalpanayil', New series on Asianet|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/asianet-new-series-etho-janma-kalpanail--s7t1gn|website=asianetnews.com|language=malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet to telecast a new soap opera, 'Etho Janma Kalpanayil'|url=https://malayalam.filmibeat.com/promotions/new-malayalam-serial-etho-janma-kalpanayil-on-asianet-coming-soon-106503.html|website=filmibeat.com|language=malayalam}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The story revolves around the lives of Sruthy, A simple, optimistic, and middle-class girl from rural [[Palakkad]] and Ashwin, A rich, arrogant, and successful business tycoon. Their paths collide when Sruthy accidentally interferes with one of Ashwin's business, leading him to believe she is responsible for sabotaging it. This misunderstanding sets the stage for a series of clashes and confrontations between the two, fueled by Ashwin's anger and Sruthy's determination to prove her innocence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet Unveils New Romantic Family Soap "Etho Janma Kalpanayil" Premiering on January 29th, 2024|url=https://www.kerala9.com/latest-news/entertainment/asianet-unveils-new-romantic-family-soap-etho-janma-kalpanayil-premiering-on-january-29th-2024/|website=kerala9.com}}</ref>

However, as their interactions continue, a spark ignites between them, despite their contrasting personalities and social backgrounds. Aswin finds himself drawn to Sruthy's positive outlook and unwavering spirit, while Sruthy sees beneath his gruff exterior to the vulnerable man he hides.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ശ്യാമിന്റെ ചതി പൊളിഞ്ഞു; അശ്വിന്റെ നിർണായക നീക്കത്തിൽ പകച്ച് അഞ്ജലി; വമ്പൻ ട്വിസ്റ്റ്!!|url=https://metromatinee.com/gourishangaram-165/|website=metromatinee.com}}</ref>

Their journey is filled with challenges, misunderstandings, and betrayals, testing the strength of their bond. They must overcome societal pressures, family conflicts, and their own personal demons to finally confess their love for each other.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ശ്രുതിയുടെ മുന്നിൽ ശ്യാമിന്റെ കള്ളം പൊളിഞ്ഞു; വിങ്ങിപ്പൊട്ടി അഞ്ജലി; അശ്വിന്റെ നീക്കത്തിൽ അത് സംഭവിച്ചു!!|url=https://metromatinee.com/etho-janma-kalppanayil-106/|website=metromatinee.com}}</ref>

===Recurring===
* Prasanth Kumar P. as Syam Madhav
* [[Manju Pathrose]] as Manorama
* [[Sreelatha Namboothiri]]
* Divya Yeshodaran as Anjali
* Angelina Lyson as Lavanya
* Rajani Rajendran as Radha
* [[Joemon Joshy]] as Nandha Kishore "NK"
*

==Production==
A launch event of the show along with another TV series ''[[Chempaneer Poovu]]'' was held at [[Kozhikode]]. The event was broadcast on Asianet on 28 January 2024 a day before the show's launch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet New Serials Chempaneer Poovu & Etho Janma Kalpanayil Launch Event Sunday , 28th January At 4:00 PM|url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-new-serials-launch-event/|website=Keralatv |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Romantic-family show, 'Etho Janma Kalpanayil' set for premiere|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/watch-the-premiere-of-etho-janma-kalpanayil-a-romantic-family-show/articleshow/107200193.cms|website=[[The Times Of India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Launch event of Asianet’s new serials – Chempaneer Poovu & Etho Janma Kalpanayil|url=https://www.disneystar.com//newsroom/launch-event-of-asianet-s-new-serials-chempaneer-poovu-etho-janma-kalpanayil/?page=616|website=Disney Star}}</ref>

===Adaptations===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Language
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Title
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Original release
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Network(s)
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Last aired
!style="background:LightSteelBlue;"|Notes
|-
|[[Hindi]]
|''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?]]'' इस प्यार को क्या नाम दूं?
|6 June 2011
|[[StarPlus]]
|30 November 2012
|Original
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''[[Aragini]]'' ಅರಗಿಣಿ
|5 August 2013
|[[Star Suvarna]]
|17 April 2015
|rowspan="6"|Remake
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''[[Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series)|Bojhena Se Bojhena]]'' বোঝেনা সে বোঝেনা
|4 November 2013
|[[Star Jalsha]]
|18 June 2016
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''[[Nuvvu Nenu Prema]]'' నువ్వు నేను ప్రేమ
|16 May 2022
|[[Star Maa]]
|11 November 2024
|-
|[[Odia language|Odia]]
|''Tu Kahibu Na Mu'' ତୁ କହିବୁ ନା ମୁଁ
|6 June 2022
|[[Star Kiran]]
|25 February 2023
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Nee Naan Kaadhal]]'' நீ நான் காதல்
|13 November 2023
|[[Star Vijay]]
|25 April 2025
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''Etho Janma Kalpanayil'' ഏതോ ജന്മ കല്പനയിൽ
|29 January 2024
|[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
|29 August 2025
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/etho-janma-kalpanayil/1260168538? Etho Janma Kalpanayil - Disney+ Hotstar]
*{{IMDb title|32288836}}

{{Asianet programs}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television series based on Hindi-language television series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]

Vikatayogi

2026-04-05T10:40:48Z

DebraToney89: created first data v1 - done

{{Blacklisted-links|1=
*https://chasingcinema.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/text.pdf
*:''Triggered by <code>\bfiles\.wordpress\.com\b</code> on the global blacklist''|bot=Cyberbot II|invisible=true}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vikatayogi
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[K. Subramanyam]]
| producer = [[K. Subramanyam]]
| writer =
| screenplay = M. R. Velappan Nair
| story =
| based_on = {{based on|The School for Husbands|Moliere}}
| starring = [[P. U. Chinnappa]] [[T. R. Rajakumari]] Kumaresan [[B. S. Saroja]]
| narrator =
| music = Modhi Babu Brother Lakshmanan Radha Krishnan
| cinematography = T. S. Coatnis
| editing = R. Rajagopal
| studio = Madras United Artistes Corporation
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1946|10|23|India}}<ref name=anandan>{{cite book|url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1946-cinedetails10.asp|title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru|trans-title=History of Landmark Tamil Films|publisher=Sivakami Publishers|author=Film News Anandan|authorlink=Film News Anandan|date= 23 October 2004|location=Chennai|language=Tamil|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410010659/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1946-cinedetails10.asp|archivedate=10 April 2017}}</ref>
| runtime = 2 hr 44 min (14760 ft.)
| country = [[India]]
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Vikatayogi''''' ({{translation|The Miracle Man}}) is a [[List of Tamil films of 1946|1946]] Indian, [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film produced and directed by [[K. Subramanyam]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author2=Paul Willemen |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|publisher=Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998|pages=654 |url=https://chasingcinema.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/text.pdf}}</ref> The film featured [[P. U. Chinnappa]] and [[T. R. Rajakumari]] in the lead roles.

== Plot ==
Vikatayogi is a mysterious and powerful ''yogi'' (people who possesses supernatural abilities).

A cruel and ambitious minister schemes to seize the throne by eliminating the rightful heir to the kingdom. Through deceit and manipulation, the prince is separated from his royal lineage and grows up unaware of his true identity.

As the kingdom suffers under tyranny, Vikatayogi intervenes at critical moments, using wit, illusion, and mystical powers to protect the innocent and subtly guide events toward justice. Along the way, themes of love, loyalty, and destiny unfold, including the prince’s romance and the suffering of those oppressed by the villain’s rule.

In the climax, Vikatayogi reveals the truth about the prince’s heritage, exposes the minister’s treachery, and restores rightful order to the kingdom.

== Cast & Crew ==
The lists are adapted from the database of [[Film News Anandan]]<ref name=anandan />
{{colbegin}}

=== Cast ===
*[[P. U. Chinnappa]]
*[[T. R. Rajakumari]]
*Kumaresan
*[[B. S. Saroja]]
*[[T. R. Ramachandran]]
*T. S. Damayanthi

=== Crew ===
*Producer &
*Director = [[K. Subramanyam]]
*Screenplay = M. R. Velappan Nair
*Cinematography = T. S. Coatnis
*Editing = R. Rajagopal
*Art = T. V. S. Sarma
{{colend}}

== Production ==
The story was obliquely adapted from Moliere’s play, ''The School for Husbands''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Plays-with-impact/article15397973.ece | title=Plays with impact | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=14 March 2008 | accessdate=10 April 2017|last=Guy|first=Randor|authorlink=Randor Guy | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410012332/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/Plays-with-impact/article15397973.ece| archivedate=10 April 2017}}</ref> Vikatayogi was filmed at Meenakshi Cinetone, which then became Neptune Studios and eventually Sathya Studios.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/In-a-flashback-mode/article16814948.ece | title=In a flashback mode | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=16 February 2010 | accessdate=11 April 2017|author=Divya Kumar | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411092406/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/In-a-flashback-mode/article16814948.ece| archivedate=11 April 2017}}</ref>

This film lofted B. S. Saroja who was performing as a group dancer earlier, to stardom.<ref name=hindu>{{cite web| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/mangalyam-1954/article4772170.ece| title=Mangalyam (1954)| work=[[The Hindu]]| date=1 June 2013| accessdate=10 April 2017| last=Guy| first=Randor| authorlink=Randor Guy| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621132044/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/mangalyam-1954/article4772170.ece| archivedate=21 June 2013| url-status=live| df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by Modhi Babu, Brother Lakshmanan and Radha Krishnan while the lyrics were penned by [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] and Rajagopala Iyer.<ref name=anandan />

== Trivia ==
K. Subramanyam planned a film with [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] in the lead and had recorded one song sung by Bhagavathar. However, he could not proceed with the film as Bhagavathar went to prison. Subramanyam used that song in this film creating an apt scene.<ref name=anandan /> Thus a PUC film had a Bhagavathar song in it!

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{youTube|6-IIqf-edVA|Uthama Nanban Un Pol Undoh}} - Song by PUC

[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1946 drama films]]
[[Category:1946 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Subramanyam]]
[[Category:Films scored by Br Lakshmanan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Moti Babu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Radha Krishnan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1946 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1946 Indian films]]

Sat Tad Masjid

2026-03-29T12:49:38Z

DebraToney89: created basic info w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Mosque in Mandvi, Mumbai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Sat Tad Mosque
| image = SAT TAD-Image 2022-02-19 at 17.54.55.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The mosque in 2022
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| tradition =
| sect =
| district =
| prefecture =
| province =
| region =
| deity =
| rite =
| festival = 
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]
| ownership =
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| consecration_year =
| functional_status = Active
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| location = [[Mandvi, Mumbai|Mandvi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| country = [[India]]
| map_type = Mumbai
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Mumbai]]
| grid_name =
| grid_position =
| sector =
| territory =
| administration =
| coordinates = {{coord|18.95281|72.83777|region:IN-MH_type:landmark_source:wikimapia|format=dms|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| heritage_designation =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style =
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = {{circa|18th century}}
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = 
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity =
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| shrine_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| delisted1_date =
| website =
| module = 
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Sat Tad Masjid''' is a [[mosque]] situated in the [[Mandvi, Mumbai|Mandvi]] division of [[Mumbai]], in the state of [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sat Tad Kadim Masjid - Mumbai |url=https://wikimapia.org/5133822/Sat-Tad-Kadim-Masjid |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=wikimapia.org|language=en}}</ref> The mosque abuts the [[Masjid railway station]].

== Etymology ==
The Sat Tad Masjid means "mosque of the seven brab trees" (''[[Borassus flabellifer]]''), referring to a group of palms that grew in its vicinity.<ref name=gaz>{{Cite book |title=The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island |publisher=Government of India |location=The Times Press, Bombay |year=1909 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.13317/page/n5/mode/2up |page=35 |volume=I |lang=en-IN}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Sat tad masjid.jpg|alt=History panel of Sat Tad Masjid, Mumbai, India|thumb|364x364px|The panel displayed outside the mosque]]
The Sat Tad Masjid was used as the [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]] of Mumbai (formerly Bombay) from 1770 to 1802, when the present [[Jama Mosque, Mumbai|Jama Mosque]] at Janjikar Street near [[Crawford Market]] was under construction.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/19577/GIPE-017832.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |title=The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island |publisher=Government of India |location=The Times Press, Bombay |year=1910 |volume=III |pages=311–312}}</ref> The mosque had an annual income of Rs. 11,000 in the year 1901.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Edwardes |first=S. M. |authorlink=Stephen Edwardes |title=Bombay (Town & Island). Census of India |publisher=[[Times of India]] Press, Bombay |year=1901 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3985/1/20161_1901_TIH.pdf |page=28 |volume=X |lang=en-IN }}</ref>

According to a panel affixed outside the Sat Tad Masjid recording the history of the mosque, the [[1944 Bombay explosion|explosion that occurred in Victoria Dock in 1944]] caused extensive damage to the mosque's structure, necessitating its reconstruction. As per unpublished records of the masjid, Regular congregational prayers again commenced in 1951.{{fact|date=March 2023}}

== Administration ==
The mosque is administered by the Sat Tad Kadim Mosque Trust.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Know Your Trust|url=https://charity.maharashtra.gov.in:8060/knowyourtrust.aspx|access-date=31 December 2021|website=The Office Of Charity Commissioner Maharashtra State.}}</ref> In 1944, the Trust was granted a lease by the Collector of Bombay over {{convert|86.96|m2}} of land adjoining the mosque.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comptroller and Auditor General of India |url=https://saiindia.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2013/Maharashtra_Report_5_2013_appendices.pdf |access-date=31 December 2021 |work=SAI India |publisher=Government of India |date=2013 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:18th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Mumbai]]

Dhubri

2026-03-27T23:55:01Z

DebraToney89: rework citations per sources

{{About|the town in India|its namesake district|Dhubri district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dhubri
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = as
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| translit_lang1_info =
| image_skyline =
{{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 299
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1/1
| image1 = Dhubri Aerial View.jpg
| caption1 = Dhubri City Aerial View
| image2 = Dhubri City Street View.jpg
| caption2 =
| image3 = Guru Dwara Dhubri.jpg|
| caption3 = Tegh Bahadur Gurudwara
| image4 = Building of DC Court Dhubri.jpg|thumb|Dhubri District Court New Building
| caption4 = District Court
| image5 = Dhubri Harishaba Area In 2024.jpg
| caption5 = Harishaba Area
| image6 = Harishaba area night view in 2024.jpg
| caption6 = Harishaba Area At Night
| image7 = Academic Building of Dhubri Medical college & Hospital.jpg
|caption7 = DMCH Academic Building
| image8 = Dhubri City Skyline 2.jpg
| caption8 = Dhubri Administrative Area
| image9 = Dhubri Chowk Bazar Area.jpg
| caption9 = Dhubri Chowk Bazar Area
}}
| image_flag =
| flag_border =
| image_seal =
| nicknames = Land of Rivers & Jute Hub Of Assam
| pushpin_map = India Assam
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.02|N|90|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_type5 = [[Regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Lower Assam]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1883
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Dhubri Municipal Board
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = [[Debomoy Sanyal|Dr. Debamoy Sanyal]] ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/video/dhubris-historic-ashokastami-mela-in-assam-enters-56th-year-as-symbol-of-communal-unity-1365368-2026-03-25|title=Dhubri’s historic Ashokastami mela in Assam enters 56th year as symbol of communal unity|author=Mehtab Uddin Ahmed|date=25 March 2026|newspaper=[[India Today|India Today NE]]|accessdate=28 March 2026|archive-date=26 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260326173501/https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/video/dhubris-historic-ashokastami-mela-in-assam-enters-56th-year-as-symbol-of-communal-unity-1365368-2026-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = Vice Chairman
| leader_name1 = Ivy Lata Roy ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/newly-elected-chairman-vice-chairperson-of-dhubri-municipal-board-take-oath-586589|title=Newly-elected chairman, vice-chairperson of Dhubri Municipal Board take oath|date=8 April 2022|newspaper=[[The Sentinel (Guwahati)]]|accessdate=28 March 2026|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074439/https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/newly-elected-chairman-vice-chairperson-of-dhubri-municipal-board-take-oath-586589|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = Deputy Commissioner
| leader_name2 = Sri Dibakar Nath, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = Superintendent Of Police
| leader_name3 = Ms. Aparna N, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 32
| area_water_km2 = 4.9
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_rank = 8th in Assam
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 155000
| population_as_of = 2025
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = 6300
| population_metro =
| population_rank = 10th in Assam
| population_demonym = Dhubrian
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 783301
| registration_plate = AS-17
| website = https://dhubri.assam.gov.in/
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AS]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex Ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 953 [[Female|♀️]]/ 1000 [[Male|♂️]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cwa]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = {{nowrap|[[Official Language]]}}
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-assembly-accords-associate-official-language-status-to-bodo-2345750 |title=Assam assembly accords associate official language status to bodo|date=30 December 2020|website=NDTV}}</ref>
| blank4_name_sec1 = Most spoken language
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy Rate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{Increase}} 89.34% {{colour|#fc5|High}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]
| blank3_name_sec2 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec2 = [[Dhubri Assembly constituency|Dhubri]]
| official_name = Dhubri City
}}
'''Dhubri''' is a city and the administrative centre of [[Dhubri district]] in the Indian state of [[Assam]]. It is an old town on the bank of the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] River, with historical significance. In 1883, the town was first constituted as a municipal board under the British regime. It is situated about {{convert|277.4|km|mi|0}} west from [[Dispur]], the state capital of Assam.

The town is also an important commercial centre and had a busy river port, particularly for [[jute]]. Dhubri is called the "Land of Rivers" as it is covered on three sides by the Brahmaputra and Gangadhar rivers.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071013/asp/northeast/story_8429802.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110011939/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071013/asp/northeast/story_8429802.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2007 |title=Priceless heritage gets funds to survive |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta |date=13 October 2007 |access-date=10 June 2018}}</ref>

== History ==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2023}}
[[File:Chilarai Dhubri.JPG|200px|left|thumb|[[Chilarai]] Statue at Dhubri]]

Until 1874, Dhubri was mostly ruled by [[Koch dynasty|Koch Kings]]. In 1874, the [[British Raj|British government]] created a new province named [[Assam Province|Assam Valley Province]] and incorporated Goalpara district area comprising three civil subdivisions Dhubri, Goalpara and Kokrajhar with the new Assam Province. In 1879, the district headquarters was shifted from [[Goalpara]] to Dhubri city. The district of Dhubri is again subdivided in three districts namely Dhubri, Goalpara and Kokrajhar. The City of Dhubri falls under the jurisdiction of the district of Dhubri whose headquarters is at city Dhubri.

The present Dhubri District is one of the three Civil Sub-divisions of erst-while Goalpara district, established in 1876 during British regime. In 1879 the District headquarters was shifted from Goalpara to Dhubri.

In 1983 Goalpara district was divided into four separate districts and Dhubri is one of those. Covering an area of 2,838 km2. including forests, riverines, hills etc. the district has become the most densely populated district in India with a density of 584 persons per km2.(As per 2001 census).

The Dhubri city was first constituted as a Municipality in 1883. The Dhubri city is 290 km far from the State Capital at [[Dispur]].

== Demographics ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Dhubri Town (2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 64.76
|color1 = DarkOrange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 33.48
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 0.21
|color3 = Blue
|label4 = others
|value4 = 1.55
|color4 = yellow}}

{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=2008-11-01 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Dhubri had a population 63,388 and Dhubri - Gauripur Metropolitan area had a Population 1,22,400. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Dhubri has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79% and, female literacy is 68%. In Dhubri, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. With close to 75% of its population Muslims, it is one of the minority concentrated districts of India.

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages spoken in Dhubri town (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Dhubri |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1 = 59.00
|color1 = Yellow
|label2 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|value2 = 19.00
|color2 = red
|label3 = [[Rabha]]
|value3 = 11.00
|color3 = purple
|label4 = [[Bodo language|Bodo]]
|value4 = 7.00
|color4 = orange
|label5 = [[Garo language|Garo]]
|value5 = 2.00
|color5 = maroon
|label6 = others
|value6 = 2.00
|color6 = pink
}}
Most of these people are [[Bengali Hindus]], [[Bengali Muslims]], [[Deshi people|Deshi Muslims]], [[Koch people|Koch Rajbongshi Hindus]]. [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Goalpariya dialects|Goalpariya]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] are the major languages spoken in the town.

== Geography and climate ==
Dhubri lies at 89.5 degree east longitude and 26.1 degree north latitude, and about {{convert|34|m|ft|-1|disp=or}} above sea level. Dhubri is covered by rivers on three sides, predominated by mighty Brahmaputra River.

As is typical for [[Assam]] and Tripura, Dhubri has a monsoon-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), being a little too cool to qualify as a [[tropical monsoon climate]]. The "cool" or winter season from November to February is warm to very warm during the afternoon, and pleasantly cool in the morning. The "hot" season of March and April is indeed hot and sees increasing humidity and rain, leading into the oppressively humid and extremely wet [[Monsoon of South Asia|monsoon]] season from May to the middle of October.

{{Weather box
| location = Dhubri (1991–2020, extremes–2020)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 29.9
| Feb record high C = 32.1
| Mar record high C = 37.5
| Apr record high C = 39.6
| May record high C = 38.0
| Jun record high C = 38.7
| Jul record high C = 36.7
| Aug record high C = 36.8
| Sep record high C = 35.5
| Oct record high C = 34.3
| Nov record high C = 30.6
| Dec record high C = 27.1
| year record high C = 39.6
| Jan high C = 21.4
| Feb high C = 25.3
| Mar high C = 29.6
| Apr high C = 30.0
| May high C = 30.5
| Jun high C = 31.1
| Jul high C = 31.1
| Aug high C = 31.9
| Sep high C = 30.9
| Oct high C = 29.1
| Nov high C = 26.2
| Dec high C = 22.9
| year high C = 28.3
|Jan mean C = 17.1
|Feb mean C = 20.4
|Mar mean C = 24.5
|Apr mean C = 26.2
|May mean C = 27.2
|Jun mean C = 28.3
|Jul mean C = 29.0
|Aug mean C = 29.4
|Sep mean C = 28.4
|Oct mean C = 26.6
|Nov mean C = 22.6
|Dec mean C = 18.8
| Jan low C = 12.5
| Feb low C = 15.4
| Mar low C = 19.0
| Apr low C = 21.7
| May low C = 23.5
| Jun low C = 25.4
| Jul low C = 26.3
| Aug low C = 26.6
| Sep low C = 25.9
| Oct low C = 23.5
| Nov low C = 18.8
| Dec low C = 14.7
| year low C = 21.1
| Jan record low C = 5.8
| Feb record low C = 7.3
| Mar record low C = 11.4
| Apr record low C = 9.4
| May record low C = 17.5
| Jun record low C = 18.7
| Jul record low C = 20.8
| Aug record low C = 22.0
| Sep record low C = 19.4
| Oct record low C = 18.1
| Nov record low C = 11.9
| Dec record low C = 8.1
| year record low C = 5.8
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 7.7
| Feb rain mm = 11.4
| Mar rain mm = 65.6
| Apr rain mm = 198.4
| May rain mm = 351.7
| Jun rain mm = 566.2
| Jul rain mm = 359.5
| Aug rain mm = 292.5
| Sep rain mm = 294.6
| Oct rain mm = 156.9
| Nov rain mm = 3.5
| Dec rain mm = 1.6
|year rain mm = 2309.6
| Jan rain days = 0.8
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 3.5
| Apr rain days = 9.7
| May rain days = 15.1
| Jun rain days = 17.5
| Jul rain days = 14.7
| Aug rain days = 11.3
| Sep rain days = 10.9
| Oct rain days = 5.1
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.3
|year rain days = 90.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 74
| Feb humidity = 65
| Mar humidity = 59
| Apr humidity = 72
| May humidity = 79
| Jun humidity = 84
| Jul humidity = 86
| Aug humidity = 84
| Sep humidity = 86
| Oct humidity = 82
| Nov humidity = 77
| Dec humidity = 76
|year humidity = 84
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=42404
| title = Normals Data: Dhubri – India Latitude: 26.02°N Longitude: 89.98°E Height: 35 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>
}}

== Colleges ==
[[File:Ghate of Bholanath College, Dhubri.jpg|thumb|Bholanath College, Dhubri]]
[[File:Bholanath College, Dhubri drone view 1.jpg|thumb|Bholanath College, Dhubri drone view]]
[[File:Academic Building of Dhubri Medical college & Hospital.jpg|thumb|Academic Building of Dhubri Medical college & Hospital]]
[[File:CATS Lab.jpg|thumbnail|College of Advanced Technical Studies (CATS Dhubri)]]
Local colleges include

* [[Bholanath College|Bhola Nath College]] or "B. N. College"' (established in 1946), the oldest college in western Assam.
* [[Dhubri Law College]]
* [[Dhubri Girls' College]]
* [[Dhubri Medical College and Hospital]]
* [[Pramathesh Barua]] College, Gauripur
* [[Chilarai College]]
* Dhubri PGTT College
* [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] University Open & Distance Learning Centre
* Ajmal Super 40 (Dhubri)
* College of Advanced Technical Studies

== Transportation ==

=== Airport ===
[[File:Rupsi airport, Assam, India.jpg|thumb|This image shows Rupsi airport, Assam, India]]
[[Rupsi Airport]] at Kokrajhar district is the nearest airport which is only about 15 km from the Dhubri main city and 5 km away from Gauripur town. It was constructed during [[World War II]] by the British mainly for military purpose to accommodate 52 jet airplanes. Until 1983, the [[Indian Airlines]] and some private commercial flights operated regularly between Calcutta, [[Guwahati]] and [[Dhubri]]. The airport started its commercial service after 38 years in 2021, and the airport is operational with connectivity to [[Kolkata]] and state capital Guwahati. [[FlyBig|Flybig]] operates flights by ATR aircraft under RCS [[UDAN]].

===Railway===
[[File:Dhubri railway station platform with child and flag.jpg|thumb|A child walking on the platform of Dhubri railway station (Indian train station in Assam) in late afternoon, with a large Indian flag flying in the background.]]
[[Dhubri railway station]] serves the town of Dhubri. The station lies on New Cooch Behar-Golokganj branch line and [[Fakiragram–Dhubri branch line]] of [[Northeast Frontier Railway]], [[Alipurduar railway division]].

== {{anchor |Sengajan multimodal waterways terminal}} Sengajan multimodal waterways terminal ==
'''Dhubri multimodal waterways terminal''' on [[Brahmaputra]] in Dhubri is being developed as part of [[Bharatmala]] and [[Sagarmala]] projects.<ref name=mala1>[http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2017/oct/p2017102503.pdf Bharatmala presentation]</ref> The city had a very busy river port on the bank of the Brahmaputra which was used as an international trade centre with the neighbouring countries, specially during the [[British Raj]].

=== Railway ===
The importance of the railway station and the MG line was also decreased since 1947, when the direct line to Calcutta was snapped as it ran through erstwhile East Pakistan (now [[Bangladesh]]). The train service has newly started on 2010 again, and it is functioning smoothly. However the train services running from the [[Dhubri railway station]] are taking a new route from Dhubri to [[Kamakhya Junction|Kamakhya]] and [[Guwahati Junction]]. Trains originating from Dhubri station are, Dhubri – [[Silghat]] ([[Rajya Rani Express]]), Dhubri – [[Siliguri]] (Inter City Express) Dhubri Fakiragram passenger and New Bongaigaon Siliguri Jn Demu Special Via Dhubri

== Tourism ==
Dhubri District has a number of tourist sites, including the banks of river Brahmaputra with its green fields, blue hills and hillock. The Gurdwara Tegh Bahadur Shaibji, the Rangamati Mosque, [[Mahamaya Dham]], [[Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary|Chakrasila wildlife sanctuary]], Matiabagh Hawa Mahal, Satrashal Dham, Panch Peer Dargaha, and other royal palaces attract the people for their unique structures, religious sanctity and mythological importance.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Dhubri is the location of the [[Sikh Gurdwara]] [[Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib|Gurdwara Damdama Sahib]] or [[Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib|Thara Sahib]].

=== Places of interest ===
[[File:Dhubri Gurdwara1.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib at Dhubri]]
[[File:Dhubri Gurdawa2.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Complex]]
* '''[[Mahamaya Dham]] and shakti pith Snan Ghat:-''' of Bogribari, about 30–35 km east from Dhubri town is next to Kamakhya (Guwahati) and Madan-Mohan (Cooch Behar). Originally the mother Goddess Mahamaya of Parvatjowar was worshipped by the local people like Kacharies, Koches and Naths. It was the presiding deity of the Jaminder of Parvatjowar. Nowadays the mother Mahamaya is worshipped by all Hindus.
* '''Gurdwara Sri [[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Guru Tegbahadur]] Sahibji''': In the middle of the Dhubri Town and on the bank of the river Brahmaputra, this Gurdwara is situated. Sikh [[Guru Nanak]] visited this place in 1505 AD and met [[Sankardev|Sri Sankardeva]] during [[Guru Nanak]] Devji's way from [[Dhaka]] to [[Assam]]. Thereafter the Ninth Sikh [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] came to this place in the year 1666 and established the [[Gurdwara]] during 17th century accompany of Raja Ram Singh. [[Sikh]] devotees assemble in this Gurdwara every year in the month of December to mark the Martydom of [[Guru Teg Bahadur|Sri Guru Teg Bahadur]] with due solemnity and ceremony. Sikh devotees called reverence of Sahidee-Guru-Parav.
* '''Panchpeer Dargaha''': It is a [[dargah|Mazar]] Sharif of five [[Sufi]] Saints who accompanied [[Raja Ram Singh]] during his time of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] conflict with the Ahom [[Regime]] of Assam. [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] had also accompanied the [[Sufi]] Saints.
* '''Rangamati Mosque''': Rangamati Mosque or [[Panbari Mosque]] was built during [[17th century]] by '''Hussain Shah''', the Governor of [[Bengal]] (belonging to the pre-[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] period which can be recognised from its typical architectural design). It is located in Panbari vicinity which is around 25 km from township of Dhubri. Rangamati area was once prosperous during the reign of the [[Koch dynasty|Koch]] rulers as a frontier post. During the [[Mughal Era|Mughal era]] Rangamati was a large [[Fortification|fort]] of the Mughal Army. This unique Mosque was used as a prayer place by the [[Muslims|Muslim]] Soldiers. There is also an [[Eidgah|Idgah]] and a deep well which were also constructed during the same period. Believers from all religious backgrounds visit this mosque and often throw coins in the well.
* '''Other significant features''': Two wetlands – Dheer Beel and Diplai Beel adjoin [[Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary|Chakrasila wildlife Sanctuary]]. These two Beels are home to a large number of fishes, turtles, prawn and birds both indigenous and migratory.
* '''[[Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary|Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary]]''': In 1994 Chakrasila Hill Reserve Forest was declared as Chakrasila Hill Wildlife Sanctuary by the government of India covering 4558.7 hectares of land. The distribution of varieties of plant species in Chakrasila provides diverse niches for many species of wildlife. The significant golden langur exists in Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary in addition to other mammals like leopards, leopard cats, porcupines, pangolins, flying squirrels and civet cats. Adjutant storks, Indian owls, mynas, parakeets, doves, hornbills, jungle fowls, kingfishers, herons, darters, snipes and teals are the birds commonly found. Pythons, monitors, craits, cobras, turtles, teads and frogs are some reptiles and amphibia that are also found. It is in the Kokrajhar district and about 5 km from Kokrajhar town and 70;km from Dhubri Town. This sanctuary provides facilities and activities such as bird watching, forest trekking, wildlife and [[nature photography]]. Local guides are available on payment. There is a site for erecting tents and free accommodation for a group of 15 individuals with hygienic drinking water in the camp Tapoban provided by the local NGOs.
* '''Florican Garden''': A newly setup garden-cum-natural park located at Bilasipara about 50 km from Dhubri Town.
* '''Pagalathan Temple''': A Shiva temple along with some others temples and Chandardinga Hill, the hill said to have originated on the sank ship of Chand Saudagar (Chand Trader from Behula-Lakhindar) in Salkocha near the Brahmaputra River located about 60 km from Dhubri. This place allows the view of Brahmaputra on one side and Chandardinga hill on other at Mahadevs foot.
* '''Others''': Other tourist places include [[Matiabag Palace]] at Gauripur, Netai Dhubuni Ghat at Dhubri Town, Chandardinga Hillock, Dudhnath Mondir at Salkocha, Ramraikuti at Satrasal, Airport of World War II and Soreswar beel at Rupshi ok Kokrajhar district, Dhubri matches factory.

==Parks==
* Netai Dhubuni Park
* Rajiv Gandhi Children Park
* Victoria Memorial Park

== Flora and fauna ==
On 14 July 1994, a virgin little forest patch of Dhubri District but mostly that is 95% in Kokrajhar district of Assam was declared as a wildlife sanctuary by the gazette notification of the Assam Government. This sanctuary has been named as "[[Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary]]". This is the youngest sanctuary of the North East India having an area of {{convert|11260.00|acre|km2}}. Chakrasila is unique because of the presence of [[golden langur]] (''Presbytis geei'') which is found nowhere else except along the Assam and Bhutan border. Besides, the virgin forest of Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is endowed with rare specimens of trees, shrubs, medicinal plants, mammals, reptiles and exquisite birds and insects.

Geographical location of the Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is in the latitude 26° 15' to 26° 26' N and longitude 90° 15' to 90 ° 20' E. It is in the District of Dhubri that is only 5% but mostly that is 95% in Kokrajhar district, the westernmost region of Assam. It is 68 km from the District headquarters Dhubri and 219 km from the Borjhar Airport of Guwahati City.

There are several small springs for quenching the thirst of the wild animals of this hilly forest. There are also two major perennial springs in the sanctuary at Howhowi Jhora and Bamuni Jhora.

Climatic conditions of Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is like that of temperate zone with dry winter and hot summer followed by heavy rains. Annual rainfall is between 200 and 400 cm. Soil is azonal, forestlike and hilly. temperature throughout the year generally varies between 8 °C to 30 °C.

The diverse ecosystems of Chakrasila present a model [[habitat diversity]] and support various mammalian species like tiger, leopard, golden langur, leopard cat, gaur, mongoose, porcupine, pangolin, flying squirrel, civet cat, etc. Along with all these prolific gifts of the nature Chakrasila has a wide variety of avifauna.

The two internationally recognized wetlands namely Dhir and Deeplai has not been yet taken inside the declared boundary of the sanctuary. But they are very a part of the Chakrasila eco-system. It is expected that in due course they will be included within the sanctuary.
Courtesy : [[Nature's Beckon]] ( An Environmental Activist of North-East )

<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypincode.in/ASSAM/DHUBRI/Dhubri__PINCODE |title=Pin Code of Dhubri |publisher=citypincode.in |access-date=2014-05-13}}</ref>

== Politics ==
Dhubri is part of [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies |access-date=2008-10-05 |work=Assam |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-04 }}</ref>

[[Rakibul Hussain]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is the current Member of Parliament from Dhubri, serving in the [[18th Lok Sabha]].

== Media ==
Dhubri has an [[All India Radio]] Relay station known as Akashvani Dhubri. It broadcasts on FM frequencies.

== Notable people ==
* [[Pramathesh Barua]], Bollywood filmmaker
* [[Jamuna Barua]], Bollywood actress
* [[Padma Shri]] [[Pratima Barua Pandey]], singer
* [[Vijay Saxena]], Bollywood actor
* [[Priyadarshini Chatterjee]], [[Femina Miss India]] World in 2016
* [[B. C. Sanyal]], painter, sculptor, Art teacher
* [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]], fifth Chief Minister of Assam, social activist.
* [[Rebati Mohan Dutta Choudhury]], noted Bengali, Assamese litterateur.
* [[Tapas Sen]], Theatre Artist
* [[Saifuddin Ahmed]], Winner Of Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor
* [[Padma Shri]] [[Parbati Barua]], Internationally acclaimed "Queen of the Elephant".
* [[Javed Zaman]], Indian first-class cricketer

==Photo Gallery==
[[File:Dhubri Aerial View.jpg|thumb|Dhubri City Aerial View]]
[[File:Dhubri City Skyline 2.jpg|thumb|Dhubri City Skyline View]]
[[File:Dhubri Harishaba Area In 2024.jpg|thumb|Dhubri Harishaba area skyline view]]
[[File:Harishaba area night view in 2024.jpg|thumb|Dhubri city night view]]
[[File:Dhubri City Skyline View 3.jpg|thumb|Dhubri City Skyline View]]
[[File:Guru Dwara Dhubri.jpg|thumb|Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib]]
[[File:Building of DC Court Dhubri.jpg|thumb|Dhubri District Court New Building]]
[[File:Academic Building of Dhubri Medical college & Hospital.jpg|thumb|Academic Building of Dhubri Medical college & Hospital]]
[[File:District Library Dhubri.jpg|thumb|District Library Dhubri]]
[[File:Ghate of Bholanath College, Dhubri.jpg|thumb|Bholanath College, Dhubri]]
[[File:Bholanath College, Dhubri drone view 1.jpg|thumb|Bholanath College, Dhubri drone view 1]]
[[File:Dhubri City Night View From Brahmaputra River.jpg|thumb|Dhubri City Night View From Brahmaputra River]]
[[File:Dhubri railway station platform with child and flag.jpg|thumb|A child walking on the platform of Dhubri railway station (Indian train station in Assam) in late afternoon, with a large Indian flag flying in the background.]]
[[File:Dhubri Phulbari River Bridge.jpg|thumb|Dhubri Phulbari bridge view from pillar no.125]]
[[File:Dhubri City Street View.jpg|thumb|Dhubri City Street View Near Melamaidan]]

== See also ==
* [[Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
* [[Dhubri railway station]]
* [[Rupsi Airport]], Dhubri

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://dhubri.assam.gov.in/ Dhubri District Official Website]
* [http://gloriousindia.com/places/as/dhubri.html/ Glorious India Website]

{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dhubri| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Dhubri district]]

Palayamkottai

2026-03-24T18:25:20Z

DebraToney89: small changes

{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Palayamkottai
| other_name = Palayankottai Pallamcottah (colonial)
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Chellapandiyanbridge.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Speaker Chellapandian Flyover(intersection of North and South Bypass Road near the traffic island of Vannarapettai)
| nickname = The Oxford of South India
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8.7166|N|77.7333|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = Tirunelveli
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 314,795
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Pincode
| postal_code = 627002,627007,627011
| registration_plate = TN 72
| website =
| footnotes =
| unemployment_rate =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Palayamkottai''' (also Palayankottai) is a neighbourhood in [[Tirunelveli|Tirunelveli City]], incorporated within the [[Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation|Tirunelveli City Municipal Corporation]]. It is situated on the east bank of the [[Thamirabarani river]], with the exception of its downtown area, which is present on the west bank.

==Etymology==
[[File:0046 Fort Pallamcottah (1800).jpg|thumb|left|"Fort Pallamcottah" (1800) by [[James Welsh (East India Company officer)|James Welsh]]]]

The region ''Palayamkottai'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] is a portmanteau of '<nowiki/>''palayam''<nowiki/>', which refers to a settlement, and '''kottai','' which translates to a fort. Historically, Palayamkottai served as the locale of an ancient fort that was employed for the administration of neighbouring districts. Today, the fort lies in ruins and is almost camouflaged by its surrounding old residential edifices. While the classical Tamil pronunciation of the neighbourhood's name is the aforementioned Palayamkottai, the vernacular pronunciation of the settlement is more akin to Palayankottai or Palayankotta, with the latter being more widely preferred by the locals.

==Geography==
{| style="float:right; margin:0 0 0 0;"
|+'''Neighbouring cities & towns'''
|
{{Geographic Location
|title = '''Destinations from Palayamkottai'''
|Northwest = [[Sankarankovil]]
|North = [[Gangaikondan]]
|Northeast = Sivilaperi
|West = [[Tirunelveli]]
|Centre = Palayamkottai
|East = [[Tuticorin]]
|Southwest = [[Kalakkad]]
|South = [[Nanguneri]]
|Southeast = Vallanad
}}
|}
Prior to 1994, Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai were formerly administered as two independent municipalities. Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai along with surrounding areas were subsequently merged and established [[Tirunelveli|Tirunelveli City]], now administered by the [[Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation]].

Palayamkottai is situated on the eastern bank of the perennial [[Thamirabarani river]]. The region is very fertile and supports a thriving agrarian community in the midst of many urbanised areas. Regular monsoon rains coupled with the Thamirabarani water sustain the primarily agrarian villages around the city. Palayamkottai is located on the National Highway in close proximity to many bigger cities (international seaport: [[Tuticorin]] - 45 km; international airports: [[Trivandrum]] - 140 km, [[Madurai]] - 150  km; domestic airport: [[Tuticorin]] - 25 km) hence supporting trade and commerce.

===Climate===
Palayamkottai has a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''As'').
{{Weather box
|location = Palayamkottai (1991–2020, extremes 1947–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 36.0
| Feb record high C = 39.0
| Mar record high C = 41.7
| Apr record high C = 42.0
| May record high C = 42.8
| Jun record high C = 44.9
| Jul record high C = 41.9
| Aug record high C = 40.4
| Sep record high C = 40.5
| Oct record high C = 41.0
| Nov record high C = 38.9
| Dec record high C = 37.0
| year record high C = 44.9
| Jan high C = 31.5
| Feb high C = 33.4
| Mar high C = 35.3
| Apr high C = 36.3
| May high C = 37.5
| Jun high C = 36.1
| Jul high C = 34.8
| Aug high C = 35.0
| Sep high C = 35.6
| Oct high C = 33.6
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 30.3
| year high C = 34.1
| Jan low C = 22.5
| Feb low C = 23.1
| Mar low C = 24.0
| Apr low C = 25.6
| May low C = 26.3
| Jun low C = 26.4
| Jul low C = 26.2
| Aug low C = 25.9
| Sep low C = 25.6
| Oct low C = 24.7
| Nov low C = 23.7
| Dec low C = 22.8
| year low C = 24.7
| Jan record low C = 18.0
| Feb record low C = 18.0
| Mar record low C = 18.4
| Apr record low C = 20.3
| May record low C = 16.3
| Jun record low C = 20.4
| Jul record low C = 19.3
| Aug record low C = 21.6
| Sep record low C = 19.5
| Oct record low C = 17.9
| Nov record low C = 16.9
| Dec record low C = 17.6
| year record low C = 16.9
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 14.0
| Feb rain mm = 19.3
| Mar rain mm = 31.9
| Apr rain mm = 64.7
| May rain mm = 56.2
| Jun rain mm = 9.9
| Jul rain mm = 11.9
| Aug rain mm = 34.5
| Sep rain mm = 45.1
| Oct rain mm = 161.4
| Nov rain mm = 217.0
| Dec rain mm = 96.2
| year rain mm = 762.0
| Jan rain days = 1.7
| Feb rain days = 1.4
| Mar rain days = 2.1
| Apr rain days = 3.6
| May rain days = 3.0
| Jun rain days = 1.2
| Jul rain days = 0.9
| Aug rain days = 1.9
| Sep rain days = 3.0
| Oct rain days = 7.7
| Nov rain days = 10.6
| Dec rain days = 5.6
| year rain days = 42.7
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 64
| Feb humidity = 57
| Mar humidity = 54
| Apr humidity = 58
| May humidity = 55
| Jun humidity = 55
| Jul humidity = 55
| Aug humidity = 55
| Sep humidity = 53
| Oct humidity = 63
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 69
|year humidity = 59
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Palayamkottai Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 579–580
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M200
| access-date = 29 March 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Religion==
[[Hinduism]] is the dominant faith in Palayamkottai. The city has several [[Hindu]] temples: the Gopalaswamy temple, Thiripuraanthakaeshwarar temple, Ramar temple, and the Amman temple.

The renovation of the Gopalaswamy temple was completed by the Government of Tamil Nadu recently. It is a [[Vishnu]] temple that embodies the cultural and architectural legacy of the city. The herbal wall paintings found inside the sanctum sanctorum are considered to be rare. Built in the 11th century, the institution held its [[Kumbhabhishekham]] (consecration ceremony) on 9 July 2009.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/19/stories/2007101961550700.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020104904/http://hindu.com/2007/10/19/stories/2007101961550700.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=2007-10-20 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | title=48 ancient temples to be renovated in State | date=2007-10-19}}</ref>
[[File:Gopalaswamytemple1.jpg|thumb|Gopalaswamy Temple]]

A popular mosque in the city is located on the old Police Hospital road, with hundreds of Islamic followers chanting their prayers regularly. [[Melapalayam]] is the Muslim quarter of the city, with several mosques and schools.

The city is an epicenter in south Tamil Nadu for Christianity, scattered with a number of churches affiliated to the Tirunelveli Diocese Society of Jesus [[Jesuits]], [[Church of South India]] (CSI), others. [[File:palayamkottai.jpg|thumb|Holy Trinity Cathedral]] [[Joseph Constantine Beschi]], better known among locals as 'Veeramaamunivar', propagated Christianity in the area. St.Xaviers' Cathedral church, situated at the heart of St. Xaviers' College and established by Jesuit priests, was among the earliest Catholic Churches in Palayamkottai. The St.Xaviers' College church is dedicated to [[Our Lady of the Assumption]].

==Politics==
Palayamkottai assembly constituency is a part of [[Tirunelveli (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies
|access-date = 2008-10-13
|work = Tamil Nadu
|publisher = Election Commission of India
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081031131000/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf
|archive-date = 2008-10-31
}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
Major localities in Palayamkottai are Vannarapettai, Murugankuruchi, Market, Samathanapuram, Kamarajar Nagar, Rahmathnagar, Perumalpuram, Maharaja nagar, High Grounds, VM Chatram and KTC Nagar and posh town called Santhi Nagar out of which Vannarpettai, Murugankurichi and Market are concentrated with largely commercial activities. There are also several other minor suburban areas which collectively contribute to the overall cityscape of Palayamkottai.
[[File:PalayamkottaiSm.jpg|thumb|a typical residential area]]

The little city also has a Government Museum with a huge and realistic fibreglass ''[[Tyrannosaurus|Tyrannosaurus rex]]'' which is popular among the young people of Palayamkottai. The museum houses a small collection of ancient artifacts found in the areas surrounding the city. Some of its literary collections include ancient Tamil inscriptions in palm leaves.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Palayamkottai also has one of the most popular Science Centres in South India, a satellite unit of [[Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum]], [[Bangalore]]. Since the Science Centre lies between Palayamkottai and Tirunelveli (the twin cities) and as it is difficult to mark a border between the two, it is often called as the Tirunelveli District Science Centre (by the district's name). It is a common hangout area for young people, and is frequently visited by teams of school students to explore and learn the principles of science through the centre's interesting outdoor equipment and experiments.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

==Hospitals==
Palayamkottai has many [[hospital]]s and other medical facilities. Among them, Our Lady's Hospital, founded nearly 50 years ago by a Belgian nun called Sister Delphine Bruyndonx, was and still remains one of Palayamkottai's popular hospitals for people who are poor or disadvantaged. Sister Delphine was popularly called the ''Teresa of Tirunelveli'' by all the people who knew her, because she had served this society since a time when it did not have any electricity.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}

CSI Bell Pins Mission Hospital and the recently renovated CSI Jeyaraj Annapackiam Hospital in Palayamkottai provide free and reduced cost medical services to the local community. The Tirunelveli Medical college Hospital - a tertiary referral center, located in the High Grounds provides free services to poor people. Palayamkottai also has a specialized kidney care centre and heart surgery centre. The city also has four blood banks.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

[[Government Siddha Medical College Palayamkottai|Government Siddha Medical College]] is also located at Palayamkottai.

==Economy ==
There is a big market in central Palayamkottai, serviced by many bus routes. Also very popular among locals, is the [[Uzhavar Santhai|Ulavar Santhai]] where farmers sell their products directly. The produce is very fresh and very cheap, and the market is usually very crowded in the morning with eager housewives exercising their haggling skills with the illiterate farmers. The success of the [[Uzhavar Santhai|Ulavar Santhai]] market in Palayamkottai was under a deep speculation during the changing of governments. Now, with the ruling party DMK back in power, (which originally introduced the concept) the Ulavar Santhai is maintained well and is a grocery market for the locals.

Although there are not many supermarkets in Palayamkottai, there are practically all kinds of shops catering to the local people's needs.

==Public facilities==
Palayamkottai also has a fire-fighting service which conducts camps in local schools annually. The postal service has a statue of Nandhis (mascot of the Indian Postal department) at the facade.
It also has the post offices, police stations, big malls, markets, etc.

Palayamkottai has a jail called [[Palayamkottai Central Prison]], which housed several eminent people during the pre-Independence era and afterwards. The [[Tamil language]] [[poet]] [[Subramanya Bharathi]] spent a part of his life here. The District Central Jail is notable for its large capacity and tight security. The prison is a popular landmark along the periphery of the city. Even the former Chief Minister, J.Jayalalitha (late) was thrice held in the Palayamkottai jail.

==Transportation==
[[File:MGR Bus Stand NH7 Entrance Departure Tirunelveli Jan22 R16 05479.jpg|thumb|Entrance to Dr. MGR Bus Stand]]
Palayamkottai Bus Stand, or ''Palai Bus Stand'' as it is popularly called by the locals, was the major connecting hub of the City bus network. In 2003, the then Chief minister J.Jayalalithaa inaugurated a major new bus terminal, the Bharat Ratna Dr. MGR Bus Stand, for Tirunelveli in Veinthankulam on Tiruvananthapuram High Road. The new bus terminal connects Palayamkottai and Tirunelveli in an extensive network of neighbouring towns, cities and also the major metropolitan cities of Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad. The Palayamkottai bus terminal is also a major stopover for all buses going to Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There are also numerous connections between the local Palayamkottai bus-stops and Tirunelveli town.

Share-autos (autorickshaws that car-pool paying customers on a common route) ply extensively along Palayamkottai's streets and are easy to flag down. The regular yellow-black Greaves Garuda autorickshaws, although plenty in number, are considered to be the common man's taxis of Palayamkottai. Autorickshaw drivers are known to overcharge tourists. Cars as taxis, are generally only available in taxi stands where tourists and locals use them to travel to short distances outside of the city. As a common practise, people of Palayamkottai or Tirunelveli do not use taxis as an alternate public transportation to buses or trains. Ola taxis have gained popularity with other private taxis as they are cheap than autos.

'''Nearest Air Port '''

Nearest airports

* [[Domestic airport|Domestic Airport]]

[[Tuticorin Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: TCR, [[ICAO airport code|ICAO]]: VOTK) .

* [[International airport|International Airport]]

# [[Madurai Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: IXM, [[ICAO airport code|ICAO]]: VOMD) .
# [[Thiruvananthapuram International Airport]] ([[IATA airport code|IATA]]: TRV, [[ICAO airport code|ICAO]]: VOTV) .
[[File:Palayankottai railway station.jpg|thumb|Palayamkottai railway station]]
'''Railway Transport'''

Palayamkottai also has a railway station on the [[Tirunelveli Junction railway station|Tirunelveli Junction]] to [[Tiruchendur railway station|Tiruchendur Junction]] lines

Station code: PCO
Station Location: Palayamkottai
Zone Southern Railway

==Education==

===Schools===

Most schools in Palayamkottai were founded by the Christian missionaries almost a hundred years ago. Schools like [[St.Xavier's Hr.Sec. School]], [[St. John's Higher Secondary School]], [[MDT Hindu College Higher Secondary School]] and [[Schafter High School]] have roughly 12,000 boys altogether,{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} [[M.N. Abdur Rahman Higher Secondary School]], High Ground, [[Cathedral Hr. Sec. School]] is located in the heart of the city under the shadow of the Holy Trinity Cathedral Church. Girls Schools like [[Mary Sargent Higher Secondary School]], [[St. Ignatius' Convent Higher Secondary School]] and [[Sarah Tucker College|Sarah Tucker Hr. Sec School]] have over 10,000 girls enrolled. These girls' schools are very popular for their strict code of conduct. It is mostly these institutions that employ the large teaching community of Palayamkottai.

In recent years, schools in Palayamkottai have gained a state-level recognition and some are even known all around South India. [[Rose Mary School|Rosemary matriculation higher secondary school]], [[Pushpalatha vidya mandir]] (CBSE), [[Chinmaya vidhyalaya]], [[Jeyandara saraswathi swamigal school]] at maharajanagar, [[Magdalene high school]], [[Bell international school]], [[IIPE Matric Hr.Sec.]] are some schools.

Palayamkottai has schools for the blind, deaf and mentally handicapped children. These organizations are predominantly run by the Tirunelveli Diocese of Church of South India, and are:

* Askwith School for the Visually Handicapped
* Florence Swainson School for the Hearing Impaired
* Bishop Sargent School for the Mentally Retarded

===Colleges===

Soon after completing Higher Secondary education, most young people opt for a college education right within the city.

'''Medial Colleges'''
* [[Tirunelveli Medical College]]
* [[Government Siddha Medical College Palayamkottai|Govt. Siddha Medical College]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tnhealth.org/imedu.htm|title=Directorate of Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy - Education|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302064222/http://www.tnhealth.org/imedu.htm|archive-date=2 March 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

'''Engineering Colleges'''
* [[Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli|Government Engineering College]]
* Francis Xavier Engineering College

'''Law College'''
* [[Government Law College, Tirunelveli]]

'''Arts and Science colleges'''

* St. John's College<ref>{{Cite web |title=St Johns College, Palayamkottai |url=https://stjohnscollege.edu.in/ }}</ref>
St.John's College – Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli Established in 1844 by [[Church Missionary Society in India|Church Missionary Society]]. In 1878, it got affiliated by Madars University as second grade college.

* [[St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai]]
St.Xavier's College recently celebrated its 150th anniversary of the Jesuit Priests who founded the great institution. The college has also opened up a new library in 2005 with many modern amenities. The campus also has halls of residences for its large number of resident students. St. Xavier's College of Education and St.John's College are the other xavier institutes with an age restriction for admission, similar to most other colleges in India.

* [[Sadakathullah Appa College]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sadakath.ac.in|title=Sadakathullah Appa College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.|website=sadakath.ac.in|access-date=2018-09-10}}</ref>
* MDT Hindu College<ref>{{Cite web |title=MDT Hindu College |url=https://mdthinducollege.org/ }}</ref>
* [[Sarah Tucker College|Sarah Tucker College (STC)]], most of these being over 100 years old.
[[Sarah Tucker College]], established in 1895 by the [[Church Missionary Society in India|Church Missionary Society]], was the first college for women in South India. It is named after Ms.Sarah Tucker, a physically challenged lady confined to her room in England, who was moved by the reports of the appalling condition of the women in this region due to their illiteracy. She stepped in with a crusading spirit to provide education and uplift them. This girls-only college has over eleven departments of education today.

==Sports==
Palayamkottai has many playgrounds filled with hyperactive young cricketers. Palayamkottai has two major public playgrounds: the "VOC maithanam" and the "Anna Stadium". Grand celebrations during the Republic day and Independence day are conducted by various schools in the [[V. O. Chidambaram Pillai|VOC]] ground. State Level Hockey tournaments sponsored by Bell Pins are held in VOC grounds annually. A park and an indoor stadium has been built here in this ground, in order to cover the small children and youngsters. The Anna Stadium holds [[field hockey]] and [[Kabbadi]] matches at both district and state level. The stadium has an excellent professional German Hockey Turf, which trains a lot of young and energetic teams and Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu (SDAT) has recently released tenders for installation of synthetic athletic track in it.<ref>http://www.tenders.tn.gov.in/innerpage.asp?choice=tc5&tid=sda71012&work=1 {{dead link|date=June 2018}}</ref> The stadium also houses a well maintained swimming pool.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirunelveli district]]
[[Category:Tirunelveli]]

Simmba

2026-03-15T01:54:46Z

DebraToney89:

{{short description|2018 Indian Hindi action comedy film by Rohit Shetty}}
{{distinguish|Simba}}
{{Use Indian English|date = October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Simmba
| image = Simmba poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Rohit Shetty]]
| producer = Hiroo Yash Johar [[Karan Johar]] Rohit Shetty Apoorva Mehta
| writer = '''Screenplay:''' Yunus Sajawal [[Sajid Samji]] '''Dialogues:''' [[Farhad Samji]]
| story = [[Vakkantham Vamsi]]
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]''|[[Puri Jagannadh]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Ranveer Singh]]|[[Sonu Sood]]|[[Sara Ali Khan]]}}
| narrator = [[Ajay Devgn]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Tanishk Bagchi]] Lijo George – DJ Chetas [[S. Thaman]] '''Score:''' [[Amar Mohile]] S. Thaman Chandan Saxena
| cinematography = [[Jomon T. John]]
| editing = Bunty Nagi
| studio = [[Reliance Entertainment]] [[Dharma Productions]] [[Rohit Shetty Picturez]]
| distributor = Reliance Entertainment
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2018|12|27|[[United Arab Emirates]]|2018|12|28|[[India]]}}
| runtime = 158 minutes<ref name="bbfc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/simmba-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mdewoti|title=Simmba|website=www.bbfc.co.uk|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
| budget = {{INR}}80 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-simmba-box-office-collection-prediction-day-1-ranveer-singh-ajay-devgn-rohit-shetty-crossover-film-to-earn-rs-20-crore-analyst-says-77757 |title=Simmba Box Office Collection Prediction: Ranveer Singh, Ajay Devgn set to wow you! Rohit Shetty crossover film set to bag big amount |website=[[Zee Business]] |date=27 December 2018 |access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}400.19 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/simmba/box-office/ |title=Simmba Box Office |access-date=3 July 2022|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|date=28 December 2018 }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/simmba-movie-review-ranveer-singhs-pizzazz-is-lost-to-a-cliched-womens-rights-saga-that-sidelines-women-5804601.html |title=Simmba movie review: Ranveer Singh's pizzazz is lost to a clichéd women's rights saga that sidelines women |last=Vetticad |first=Anna MM |date=28 December 2018 |work=[[Firstpost]] |access-date=1 April 2019 |publisher=[[Network 18]] |author-link=Anna M. M. Vetticad}}</ref>
}}

'''''Simmba''''' is a [[List of Bollywood films of 2018|2018]] Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action comedy]] film<ref name="bbfc" /> directed by [[Rohit Shetty]] and produced by Rohit Shetty Picturez, [[Reliance Entertainment]] and [[Dharma Productions]]. The third installment of Shetty's [[Cop Universe]], it stars [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Sonu Sood]] and [[Sara Ali Khan]] with [[Ajay Devgn]] reprising his role of [[Singham]] in a cameo role. A remake of the 2015 [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]'', the film follows Sangram "Simmba" Bhalerao, a corrupt police officer hailing from the same town as Singham, who is forced to lead a more righteous path after tragedy strikes those near him.<ref name="announced">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/simmba-poster-ranveer-singh-plays-a-quirky-cop-in-first-film-with-rohit-shetty/story-N3NkQhYb8wVrO8MxNNVm0K.html|title=Simmba first look: Ranveer Singh, Rohit Shetty film reminds you of Ram Lakhan, Singham|date=7 December 2017|website=hindustan times|access-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202706/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/simmba-poster-ranveer-singh-plays-a-quirky-cop-in-first-film-with-rohit-shetty/story-N3NkQhYb8wVrO8MxNNVm0K.html|archive-date=3 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Principal photography]] began in June 2018 with most scenes filmed in [[Goa]] and [[Kolhapur]]; the remaining were shot at [[Hyderabad]] and [[Mehboob Studios]] in [[Mumbai]]. The shooting was wrapped up by early December in the same year. The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Lijo George – DJ Chetas and [[S. Thaman]], with lyrics written by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Rashmi Virag]], [[Kumaar]] and [[Kunaal Verma]]. The soundtrack features remakes of two 1996 songs: "Aankh Marey" originally from the film ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'', and the [[qawwali]] song "Tere Bin" by [[Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan]].

''Simmba'' was released in countries of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] on 27 December 2018. The film was released in India and other international territories on the following day; it was distributed worldwide by [[Reliance Entertainment]]. The film received mixed-to-positive reviews<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/box-office/article/box-office-update-ranveer-singh-fails-to-beat-ranbir-kapoor-as-the-opening-day-of-simmba-is-no-match-to-sanju/338830 |title=Box Office update: Ranveer Singh fails to beat Ranbir Kapoor as the opening day of Simmba is no match to that of Sanju's {{!}} Entertainment News |website=Times Now |date=29 December 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> from critics but became Singh's highest-earning opening film as of 2018 and went on to gross about {{INR|link=yes}}400 crore worldwide. Later, it received the Australian [[Telstra People's Choice Award]].

''Simmba'' marks the final collaboration of writer [[Sajid Samji]] with both his brother [[Farhad Samji|Farhad]], who is credited separately since their split after ''[[Golmaal Again]]'' and with Shetty, who later worked with Farhad on ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'', the next installment in the Cop Universe, and finally ''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]'', a spinoff prequel to ''Golmaal Again'', before switching over to an entirely fresh set of writers for his subsequent projects.

== Plot ==
Sangram "Simmba" Bhalerao is an [[antihero]]ic orphan from [[Shivgad]], the same town where [[Singham|Bajirao Singham]] was raised, where he observes how policemen make money in the form of bribes, finds himself motivated to become a police officer, and succeeds. Getting bribes from some local thieves and a jeweller, Simmba enjoys and takes full advantage of the lifestyle of a corrupt cop.

Simmba is soon transferred to the [[Miramar, Goa|Miramar]] police station in [[Goa]] by [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] Vinayak Dutta, where he sees Shagun Sathe and falls in love with her at first sight. He meets his fellow policemen and one of his juniors, Nityanand Mohile, who is an honest constable, hesitates to salute Simmba as he's a corrupt cop. To prove his worth in Miramar, he interrupts a [[Pub|pub party]] run by an influential gangster named Durva Yashwant Ranade and his brothers, Sadashiv "Sada" (Amrit Pal Singh) and Gaurav "Giri" (Saurabh Gokhale) and demands more money from them, whilst promising that he will let them continue with their illegal activities.

Durva agrees and uses Simmba to seize the land of an old person named Vaman Rao, who is forced to sign the papers by Simmba. Meanwhile, Simmba develops motherly and sisterly bonds with several women and girls, one of whom happens to be Aakruti Dave, a young woman who reminds Simmba of his teacher. Aakruti files a complaint against Sada and Giri for dealing illicit drugs in their pub and using children as [[peddler]]s. Simmba initially ignores this after being pacified by Durva, and Shagun.

Meanwhile, Aakruti learns about the drug racket in the club and goes there one night with Chhotu, a mute boy who is her student. She videotapes everything there with her cell phone and plans to show evidence to the police but is caught by Sada and Giri. Chhotu discreetly records Sada and Giri assaulting Aakruti and flees once both of them realize. Aakruti is then brutally raped by Sada and Giri. Chhotu tries to tell Aakruti's friend Kavya about Aakruti being in danger. Kavya whilst being chased by Durva's goons goes to Simmba to file Aakruti's missing complaint.

Aakruti is found, having been fatally injured and taken to the hospital. Simmba tries to talk to her, but she dies, leaving him devastated. The police recover Aakruti's phone and the video which she shot, and Durva sends his goons to get the phone from Simmba, who is present, mends his ways, and fights them all. Simmba finally wears his police uniform, and seeing this change in him, Mohile finally salutes him as they arrest Sada and Giri. He apologises to Vaman Rao and returns the land swindled from him.

In the court, Simmba is shocked to find Aakruti's video being deleted. He beats up Durva's friend, [[Corporator]] David Cameron, who gave a false statement in the court, leading to his suspension orders. He decides to kill Sada and Giri before he goes, and plans to show it as an [[police encounter|encounter]]. He shoots them both and shows as if he killed them in the act of self-defence. An [[Special Investigation Team (India)|SIT]] committee is set up by the state, who question Simmba's encounter. Aiming to achieve clarity to the situation, Vinayak appoints a neutral officer to handle Aakruti's case, as well as Simmba's controversial encounter.

Enraged, Durva and his goons capture Simmba. Suddenly, [[Singham|DCP Bajirao Singham]] arrives to rescue him, and both of them beat up Durva and his men. Singham tells Simmba that he is the neutral officer appointed by the state committee to handle his case and gives a statement that Simmba killed Sadashiv and Gaurav in the act of [[self-defence]]. He also calls Durva's mother Bharti and wife Varsha, who each state that it was Sada and Giri who assaulted Aakruti and that the brothers ran a drug racket and several other illegal activities.

As a result of these crimes, Durva is sentenced to 7 years of rigorous imprisonment by the court. Singham reveals that he helped Simmba despite being against his corrupt actions so that he could instil a fear of law in the minds of men who do not respect women.

in a [[post-credits scene]], he chats with [[Sooryavanshi|DCP Veer Sooryavanshi]] on the phone.<ref name="into">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/Bollywood/story/confirmed-akshay-kumar-will-romance-katrina-kaif-in-rohit-shetty-s-sooryavanshi-1507084-2019-04-22|title=Confirmed: Akshay Kumar will romance Katrina Kaif in Rohit Shetty's Sooryavanshi|website=India Today|access-date=22 April 2019|date=22 April 2019}}</ref> and also congratulates him on his new post as the [[Anti-Terrorism Squad|ATS]] chief. Sooryavanshi tells him that he will meet him soon.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
*[[Ranveer Singh]] as [[Senior Inspector]] Sangram Bhalerao a.k.a. "Simmba"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/does-rohit-shetty-love-marathi/articleshow/64520631.cms|title=Does Rohit Shety love Marathi?|website=Times of india|date=9 June 2018 }}</ref>
**Yash Rane as young Simmba
*[[Sonu Sood]] as Durva Yashwant Ranade
*[[Sara Ali Khan]] as Shagun Sathe, Simmba's girlfriend<ref>{{cite news |last1=Basu |first1=Nilanjana |title=Simmba New Pics: With Ranveer Singh And Sara Ali Khan, Love Is In The Air |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/simmba-new-pics-with-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-love-is-in-the-air-1962281 |access-date=12 March 2021 |work=NDTV |date=14 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as [[Head constable|Head-Constable]] Nityanand Mohile, Nandini's father
* [[Siddhartha Jadhav]] as [[Inspector]] Santosh Tawde
* [[Vaidehi Parashurami]] as Aakruti Dave
* [[Ulka Gupta]] as Nandini Mohile, Nityanand's daughter
* [[Suchitra Bandekar]] as Mrs. Mohile, Nityanand's wife and Nandini's mother
* Abhishek Khandekar as [[Inspector General of Police|IG]] Prakash Deshmukh
* [[Sulbha Arya]] as Iyer Mausi
* [[Ashwini Kalsekar]] as Justice Smita Parulkar
* [[Neha Mahajan]] as Kavya Salgaonkar, Aakruti's friend
* [[Nandu Madhav]] as Mr. Dave, Aakruti's father
* [[Shriswara|Shri Swara Dubey]] as Varsha Ranade, Durva's wife
* [[Sarita Joshi]] as Bharti Ranade, Durva's mother
* Saurabh Gokhale as Gaurav "Giri" Ranade, Durva's brother
* Amrit Pal Singh as Sadashiv "Sada" Ranade, Durva's brother
* Puja Agarwal as News Reporter
* [[Vijay Patkar]] as [[Havaldar]] Alok Borkar
* [[Ashok Samarth]] as Advocate Joshi, Durva's lawyer
* Ganesh Yadav as Advocate Sawalkar, Simmba's lawyer
* [[Arun Nalawade]] as Vaman Rao
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Vinayak Dutta, [[Government of Goa|Goa Minister of Home Affairs]]
* [[Vipin Sharma]] as Corporator David Cameron
* Sahil Joshi as Aniket Mohre a.k.a. "Chhotu", Aakruti's student
* Ravjeet Singh as Dheeraj, Shagun's friend
* [[Ronjini Chakraborty]] as Poornima, Shagun's friend
* [[Anil Mange]] as Purab
* [[Besant Ravi]] as Sub-Inspector Gaekwad
* [[Chitra Shukla]] as Gayatri, Simmba's childhood teacher
* Sneha James as Inspector Gauri Rai
* Aashish Warang as Constable Ashish Tambe
* Umakant Patil as Sub-Inspector Umakant Bhide
;Cameo Appearance
* [[Ajay Devgn]] as [[Singham|DCP Bajirao Singham]]
* [[Akshay Kumar]] as [[Sooryavanshi|DCP Veer Sooryavanshi]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-to-have-a-special-cameo-in-rohit-shettys-simmba-starring-ranveer-singh/articleshow/67272892.cms|title=Akshay Kumar to have a special cameo appearance in Rohit Shetty's 'Simmba' starring Ranveer Singh|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[Tusshar Kapoor]] as himself in the song "Aankh Marey"
* [[Kunal Khemu]] as himself in the song "Aankh Marey"
* [[Shreyas Talpade]] as himself in the song "Aankh Marey"
* [[Arshad Warsi]] as himself in the song "Aankh Marey" (the song is from his film ''[[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|Tere Mere Sapne]]'')
* [[Karan Johar]] as himself in the song "Aankh Marey"
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as herself
}}

== Production ==
It is a remake of the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film ''[[Temper (film)|Temper]]'' (2015). Shetty said, "We wanted to take four-five scenes from Temper but... thought it's better to buy the rights".<ref name="announced" /> In March 2018, [[R. Madhavan]] opted out of his role as the film's antagaonist after suffering a shoulder injury, and was replaced by [[Sonu Sood]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/madhavan-loses-simmba-these-movies-will-not-let-you-miss-him-764952 | title=Madhavan loses Simmba but these movies will not let you miss him | website=[[International Business Times]] | date=26 March 2018 }}</ref> The film has an estimated production budget of {{INRConvert|80|c|link=yes|year=2018|mode=historical}}.<ref name="budget">{{Cite web |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-simmba-box-office-collection-prediction-day-1-ranveer-singh-ajay-devgn-rohit-shetty-crossover-film-to-earn-rs-20-crore-analyst-says-77757 |title=Simmba Box Office Collection Prediction: Ranveer Singh, Ajay Devgn set to wow you! Rohit Shetty crossover film set to bag big amount |date=27 December 2018 |website=[[Zee Business]] |access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref>
Principal photography for ''Simmba'' began in June 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/simmba-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-film/Simmba-Ranveer-Singh-and-Sara-Ali-Khan-to-begin-shooting-their-first-schedule-set-in-Hyderabad/photostory/64456441.cms |title='Simmba': Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan to begin shooting their first schedule set in Hyderabad – 'Simmba': All you need to know about the Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan film |website=The Times of India |access-date=24 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618050026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/simmba-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-film/simmba-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-to-begin-shooting-their-first-schedule-set-in-hyderabad/photostory/64456441.cms |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was mainly filmed in [[Goa]] and [[Kolhapur]], with some filming in [[Hyderabad]] and extra sequences filmed at [[Mehboob Studio]]s in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="reception">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/291118/ranveer-singh-to-shoot-for-simmba-after-his-reception.html|title=Ranveer Singh to shoot for Simmba after his reception|last=Varma|first=Lipika|date=29 November 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204195753/https://deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/291118/ranveer-singh-to-shoot-for-simmba-after-his-reception.html|archive-date=4 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 29 June 2018, the crew filmed the song, "Simmba Aala Re Aala Simmba Aala", at [[Ramoji Film City]] in Hyderabad. On Instagram, Singh noted the large scale of the production and said that it was the biggest song of his career.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/video/simmba-ranveer-singh-ecstatic-he-shoots-his-biggest-song-simmba-aala-re-417729|title=Simmba: Ranveer Singh is ecstatic as he shoots for his biggest song Simmba Aala Re|website=PINKVILLA|date=28 June 2018|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209155527/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/video/simmba-ranveer-singh-ecstatic-he-shoots-his-biggest-song-simmba-aala-re-417729|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Legal issues surrounding the production of Khan's debut-film [[Kedarnath (film)|''Kedarnath'']] interfered with the production of ''Simmba''. Khan was scheduled to shoot for both films around the same time. A lawsuit shut down the production of ''Kedarnath'' and Khan allotted the time to work on ''Simmba''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-kriarj-entertainment-executive-alleges-abhishek-kapoor-made-unreasonable-demands-during-shoot-4348713.html|title=Kedarnath: KriArj Entertainment executive alleges Abhishek Kapoor made unreasonable demands during shoot|date=13 February 2018|publisher=FirstPost|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816142127/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/kedarnath-kriarj-entertainment-executive-alleges-abhishek-kapoor-made-unreasonable-demands-during-shoot-4348713.html|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kedarnath-makers-kriarj-entertainment-take-their-tussle-with-director-abhishek-kapoor-to-court-4352859.html|title=Kedarnath makers KriArj Entertainment take their tussle with director Abhishek Kapoor to court|date=15 February 2018|publisher=FirstPost|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619170124/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kedarnath-makers-kriarj-entertainment-take-their-tussle-with-director-abhishek-kapoor-to-court-4352859.html|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Kedarnath's'' director, [[Abhishek Kapoor]], sued Khan because his film would be delayed and it would no longer mark the debut of Khan. The two settled out of court when Khan agreed to split her time between both films.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/reel/902831/some-stories-choose-you-and-kedarnath-was-one-of-them-abhishek-kapoor-on-the-films-journey|title='Some stories choose you and Kedarnath was one of them': Abhishek Kapoor on the film's journey|last=Raman|first=Sruthi Ganapathy|website=Scroll.in|date=25 November 2018 |language=en-US|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102339/https://scroll.in/reel/902831/some-stories-choose-you-and-kedarnath-was-one-of-them-abhishek-kapoor-on-the-films-journey|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4" />


In October 2018, lead actors Singh and Khan left for Switzerland to film a song sequence for the film.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/simmba-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-head-switzerland-428723|title=Simmba: Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan head to Switzerland|website=PINKVILLA|date=12 October 2018 |access-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118121246/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/photos/simmba-ranveer-singh-and-sara-ali-khan-head-switzerland-428723|archive-date=18 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> By late October, the crew had returned to Mumbai to film a second song, "Aankh Marey"—a remake of a 90s classic song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/sara-ali-khan-and-ranveer-singh-shoot-a-dance-number-for-simmba-view-pics-461510.html|title=Sara Ali Khan and Ranveer Singh Shoot a Dance Number for Simmba – View Pics|date= 30 October 2018|website=Latestly|access-date= 9 December 2018}}</ref>

Because Singh was to be married in November 2018, Shetty shot most of the major sequences before the wedding date. Only the final sequence was left to be filmed after the wedding.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/its-a-wrap-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-simmba/articleshow/66971594.cms|title=It's a wrap for Ranveer Singh-starrer 'Simmba'|website=The Times of India|access-date=9 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208041551/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/its-a-wrap-for-ranveer-singh-starrer-simmba/articleshow/66971594.cms|archive-date=8 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A double for Singh was used to complete patch work of a [[dhaba]] fight scene in Goa; various camera angles were used so that the double would resemble Singh.<ref name="reception" />

The film wrapped shooting in early December 2018.<ref name=":3" />

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Simmba (soundtrack)}}
The songs are composed by [[Tanishk Bagchi]], Lijo George – DJ Chetas and [[S. Thaman]] while the lyrics are written by [[Shabbir Ahmed (lyricist)|Shabbir Ahmed]], [[Rashmi Virag]], [[Kumaar]] and [[Kunaal Vermaa]]. The soundtrack album was released on 27 December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/simmba/h,1tom,r4ZA_|title=Simmba – Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|date=27 December 2018 |publisher=[[Saavn]]}}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==

[[File:Ranveer Singh and Sara Ali Khan promote ‘Simmba’ at 98.3 FM Radio Mirchi.jpg|thumb|[[Ranveer Singh]] and [[Sara Ali Khan]] promoting the film in 2018]]
''Simmba'' was released in countries of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] on 27 December 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Simmba movie meta review UAE: Ranveer Singh starrer is predictable but entertaining, say critics |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/simmba-movie-meta-review-uae-ranveer-singh-starrer-is-predictable-but-entertaining-say-critic/337748 |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=Times Now |date=27 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It was released in India and other countries on 28 December.<ref name="announced" /> It was shown on 4020 screens in India and 963 screens overseas, for a worldwide screen total of 4983 screens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-simmba-box-office-collection-day-1-ranveer-singh-ajay-devgn-and-sara-ali-khan-film-set-for-rs-25-crore-opening-blockbuster-movie-reviews-taran-adarsh-77876|title=Simmba Box Office Collection day 1: Trade analyst made this big prediction for Ranveer Singh film|date=28 December 2018|website=Zee Business|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>

On 6 June 2018, the producers announced the start of principal photography with a skit video featuring actors Singh and Khan, director Shetty, and producer Johar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/simmba-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-are-all-set-glimpses-of-day-1-1863501|title=Simmba: Ranveer Singh, Sara Ali Khan Are All Set. Glimpses Of Day 1|work=NDTV.com|access-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004000813/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/simmba-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-are-all-set-glimpses-of-day-1-1863501|archive-date=4 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 December 2018, the first song from the film was released, titled "Aankh Marey," a remake of the original song from the 1996 hit film [[Tere Mere Sapne (1996 film)|''Tere Mere Sapne''.]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/simmba-song-aankh-marey-releases-today-on-december-6-heres-why-this-date-has-a-special-significance-bollywood-news/326754|title=Simmba song Aankh Marey releases today on December 6 – here's why this date has a special significance Bollywood News|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=6 December 2018 |language=en-GB|access-date=6 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206102550/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/bollywood-news/article/simmba-song-aankh-marey-releases-today-on-december-6-heres-why-this-date-has-a-special-significance-bollywood-news/326754|archive-date=6 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> It is sung by [[Kumar Sanu]] (who also sung the original with [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]), [[Mika Singh]], and [[Neha Kakkar]]. Actor [[Arshad Warsi]], whose film and song debut was with the original, appeared again in the video for the ''Simmba'' remake, along with several actors from another film from director Rohit Shetty, ''[[Golmaal]]'': [[Kunal Khemu]], [[Shreyas Talpade]], and [[Tusshar Kapoor]]. The release date for the remake was specifically chosen to coincide with the release date of the original 22 years earlier (6 December 1996).<ref name=":1" />

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===
Ambica Schin of ''[[Khaleej Times]]'' gave the film four stars out of five and sums up, "If you are on the lookout for a totally masala, paisa vasool movie to end the year with a bang, we recommend you watch ''Simmba''. The melodramatic, over-the-top film is sure to leave you on a high."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/simmba-movie-review-ranveer-dominates-in-this-masala-flick-|title='Simmba' movie review: Ranveer dominates in this masala flick|website= Khaleej Times |first=Ambica|last=Sachin|date=27 December 2018|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] declared it a "winner" with four stars out of five, writing, "Rohit borrows the essence from ''Temper'', but modifies a major chunk of that film... What eventually unfolds on screen is so different, in a positive way."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/simmba/critic-review/simmba-movie-review/|title=Simmba Movie Review|first=Taran|last=Adarsh|date=28 December 2018|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=12 March 2021}}</ref> Anwesha Madhukalya of ''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]'' wrote, "It is indeed time to rejoice for the young star's fans for Simmba has announced the arrival of Ranveer Singh in the big league".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/entertainment/simmba-movie-review-ranveer-singh-shines-in-this-repackaging-of-an-80s-movie/story/304947.html|title=Simmba Movie Review: Ranveer Singh shines in this repackaging of an 80s movie|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=28 December 2018 }}</ref>

Writing for ''[[The Times of India]]'', Ronak Kotecha rated it three and a half stars out of five, terming the film as "a potboiler that you expect it to be, where the good surely outweighs the bad."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/simmba/movie-review/67276511.cms|title=SIMMBA MOVIE REVIEW|first=Ronak|last=Kotecha|website=Times of India|date=27 December 2018|access-date=28 December 2018}}</ref> A critic for ''[[The Economic Times]]'' agreed, also rating it three and a half stars out of five, but felt that "[t]he film takes a preachy turn in the second half and the narrative gets predictable."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/simmba-review-ranveer-singh-makes-it-worth-the-watch/articleshow/67318096.cms|title='Simmba' review: Ranveer Singh makes it worth the watch|date=31 December 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref>

Writing for ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', [[Raja Sen]] rated the film three stars out of five, writing, "[A]s it stands, ''Simmba'' is not only ahead of ''Singham'', but far superior to ''[[Dabangg]]'', the blockbuster that defines the genre." He appreciated Singh for the energy he brought to the role, but found Khan was restricted by her role.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/simmba-movie-review-ranveer-singh-lifts-this-rohit-shetty-blockbuster/story-CbMRThX8I9dJ1hLMmu2vAJ.html|title=Simmba movie review: Ranveer Singh and Rohit Shetty create an angry cop movie universe|date=28 December 2018|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of [[News18]] gave the film two and a half stars out of five, finding the first half to be "a sporadically enjoyable comedy", but found the second half to be "less enjoying": "The film leaves a lot to be desired, but a star is re-born."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masand |first1=Rajeev |title=Simmba Movie Review: Rohit Shetty Film Leaves a Lot to be Desired, But a Star is Re-born |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/simmba-movie-review-rohit-shetty-film-leaves-a-lot-to-be-desired-but-a-star-is-re-born-1986835.html |access-date=6 February 2021 |work=News18 |date=30 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Uday Bhatia of ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' concurred with Masand: but credited Singh for playing his "cardboard creation" of a character with an "underlying sweetness that renders it more winsome than the humourless masculinity of Devgan's Singham."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/ICrn1m7VU6y6Zv7kezOgJL/Simmba-movie-review-Crash-and-Burn.html|title='Simmba' movie review: Crash and Burn|last=Bhatia|first=Uday|date=28 December 2018|website=Live mint|access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of [[The Indian Express]] gave the movie two stars, and concluded, "The only reason to watch Simmba is Ranveer Singh. The actor is fully alive to the moment, knowing that he is working in a template, aware that he has to keep breaking out."<ref>{{cite web|last=Gupta |first=Shubhra|title=Simmba review: Watch it for Ranveer Singh |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/simmba-movie-review-rating-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-5513419/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228133945/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/simmba-movie-review-rating-ranveer-singh-sara-ali-khan-5513419/ |date=28 December 2018|website=[[The Indian Express]]|archive-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
The box office collection figures for the opening weekend of the film as presented on Bollywood Hungama are: The first day It earned {{INR|link=yes}}20.72 crore nett in India, which made it Singh's highest-opening film as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/simmba-box-office-collection-day-1-film-emerges-as-ranveer-singhs-highest-opener-till-date-earns-ove-1969784|title=Simmba Box Office Collection Day 1: Film Emerges As Ranveer Singh's Highest Opener Till Date, Earns Over Rs 20 Crore|website=NDTV.com|access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> On second day it collected {{INR}}23.33 crore nett and {{INR}}31.06 crore on third day. The total first weekend nett domestic collection was {{INR}}75.11 crore. The opening week pan-India collection was {{INR}} 150.81 crore, which made it a hit film.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh|author=Taran Adarsh|date=4 January 2019|number=1081099833778233345|title=#Simmba roars and scores at the BO... Crosses ₹ 150 cr mark in Week 1... Glowing word of mouth has converted into footfalls... Fri 20.72 cr, Sat 23.33 cr, Sun 31.06 cr, Mon 21.24 cr, Tue 28.19 cr, Wed 14.49 cr, Thu 11.78 cr. Total: ₹ 150.81 cr. India biz. SUPER HIT.r]}}</ref>

In its second week on the eighth day, domestic collection was {{INR}}9.02 crore. On the ninth day, collection rose to {{INR}}13.32 crore. Tenth day collection is {{INR}}17.49 crore. Eleventh day collection is {{INR}}6.16. Twelfth day collection is {{INR}}6.03. Thirteen day collection is {{INR}}5.31 and ending at 4.29 crore, taking second week collection to {{INR}}61.62 crore. The domestic gross is {{INR}}308.09 crore. It becomes [[Rohit Shetty]]'s biggest hit as it beats lifetime business of [[Chennai Express]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/simmba-is-rohit-shetty-s-biggest-hit-ranveer-singh-film-beats-lifetime-business-of-chennai-express-here-are-10-records-it-broke/story-lEl9QUM5KuAKdnjqixW6dP_amp.html|title= Simmba is Rohit Shetty's biggest hit, Ranveer Singh film beats lifetime business of Chennai Express.|website=Hindustan Times|date= 16 January 2019|access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref>

The film grossed {{INRConvert|92.10|c|year=2018|mode=historical}} from overseas markets as estimated by [[Bollywood Hungama]]. The gross worldwide is {{INRconvert|400.19|c|year=2018|mode=historical}}.<ref name="box1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/simmba/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |title=Simmba Box Office Collection till Now |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 December 2018 |access-date=6 February 2019}}</ref> [[List of Bollywood films of 2018|It became third highest-grossing film of 2018]]. In Pakistan, the film has collected more than {{PKR|19 crore}} till its fifth weekend.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.entertainmentpk.com/simmba-hits-20-crore-mark-at-pakistans-box-office/|title=SIMMBA NEARING THE 20 CRORE MARK AT PAKISTAN'S BOX OFFICE!|date=29 January 2019|access-date=29 January 2019|website=EntertainmentPK.com|author=Ali Zain}}</ref>

== Animated series ==
''Smashing Simmba'', an animated television series based on ''Simmba'' was released on 14 November 2020 on [[Pogo TV]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranveer Singh's 'Simmba' gets an animated avatar on small screen |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/101120/ranveer-singhs-simmba-gets-an-animated-avatar-on-small-screen.html |access-date=28 November 2020 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=10 November 2020}}</ref>

===Game===
A skateboard [[Running game (video game)|running]] [[mobile video game]] based on ''Smashing Simmba'', ''Smaashhing Simmba - Skate Rush'', was released by [[Zapak]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smaashhing Simmba - Skate Rush - Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zapak.singham.simmba.running.skate.board.run&hl=en_US |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=play.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Future==
[[Ranveer Singh]] made cameo appearances as Simmba in ''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2021) and ''[[Singham Again]]'' (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2021 |title=Ajay Devgn's Singham 3 to feature Ranveer Singh and Akshay Kumar |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgns-singham-3-feature-ranveer-singh-akshay-kumar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230175002/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ajay-devgns-singham-3-feature-ranveer-singh-akshay-kumar/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt7212726}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|simmba}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama title|simmba}}

{{Cop Universe}}
{{Dharma Productions}}
{{Rohit Shetty}}

[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2010s masala films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rohit Shetty]]
[[Category:Cop Universe]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Goa]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Telstra People's Choice Award winners]]
[[Category:Film spinoffs]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films set in Goa]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:2018 action films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action films]]
[[Category:Films adapted into television shows]]
[[Category:Films adapted for other media]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Goa Police]]
[[Category:Encounters in India]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about police brutality]]
[[Category:Indian crossover films]]
[[Category:Action film remakes]]

Cinépolis

2026-03-11T14:56:45Z

DebraToney89: page updated

{{short description|Mexican chain of movie theaters}}
{{about|the Mexican movie theater chain|the Chilean branch|Cinépolis Chile|the unrelated Belgian cinema chain|Kinepolis}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Exhibidora Mexicana Cinépolis, S.A. de C.V.
| logo = Cinépolis.svg
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1971}} (as Cine Morelos)
| founder = Enrique Ramírez Miguel
| location_city = [[Morelia]], [[Michoacán]]
| location_country = [[Mexico]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| num_locations = 335 (Latin America, United States, India, Indonesia, Spain)
| industry = [[Film industry]]
| owner = Organización Ramírez
| key_people = {{ubl|Enrique Ramírez Miguel (founder and ex-Chairman of the Board)|Alejandro Ramirez Magaña (CEO)|Alejandra Daguer (Sales Management)|Eduardo Acuña (Head of the Americas and former CEO of Cinépolis do Brasil)}}
| num_employees = 41,728 (2024){{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
| services = [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplex]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://cinepolis.com}} [https://www.cinepolisusa.com Cinépolis USA]
}}
'''Cinépolis''' is a Mexico-based international [[movie theater]] chain. Its name means ''City of Cinema'' and its slogan is ''La Capital del Cine'' ({{langx|en|the Capital of Cinema}}). {{as of|2009}} Cinépolis was the biggest cineplex chain in Mexico, with 427 theaters in 97 cities.<ref name="Cinépolis Information">{{cite web | url=http://wp1.cinepoliscorporativo.com.mx:10038/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jgQHN3QzcPIwN3DzNLA6MA8-CwAKcwQzcLM_1wkA6zeAMcwNEAIu_nbxTqZuJpaGhh5mpoYGTmYeLkE-Zp4O9vCpFH2ODvZgG0IdDI283YzNjb2UTfzyM_N1W_IDs7yMJRUREAv5SC2A!!/dl2/d1/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnB3LzZfU1E3RzFGSDIwODdKRTAyNTQyTVZJSDBCVjM!/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20090802104539/http://wp1.cinepoliscorporativo.com.mx:10038/wps/portal/!ut/p/c1/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os_jgQHN3QzcPIwN3DzNLA6MA8-CwAKcwQzcLM_1wkA6zeAMcwNEAIu_nbxTqZuJpaGhh5mpoYGTmYeLkE-Zp4O9vCpFH2ODvZgG0IdDI283YzNjb2UTfzyM_N1W_IDs7yMJRUREAv5SC2A!!/dl2/d1/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnB3LzZfU1E3RzFGSDIwODdKRTAyNTQyTVZJSDBCVjM!/ | archive-date=2 August 2009 | title=Cinépolis Coorporativo | publisher=Cinépolis | access-date=4 April 2009 }}</ref> It is also the largest chain in [[Latin America]] and one of the largest in the world, also owning cinemas in [[Spain]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Oman]], [[Bahrain]], [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arabia,]] [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[United States|united states]]

==History==
[[File:Cinepolis sendero ecatepec.jpg|thumb|A Cinépolis theater at Plaza Sendero Ecatepec in [[Ecatepec de Morelos]] ]]

Enrique Ramírez Miguel founded Organización Ramírez© in [[Morelia]], [[Michoacán]], [[Mexico]] in 1971. Years before, the company opened the first cinema in the city of [[Salamanca, Mexico|Salamanca]] the company was rebranded as Cinematográfica Cadena de Oro, S.A., opening theaters in [[Acámbaro]] and [[Guanajuato (city)|Guanajuato]]. By 1971, the brand had already expanded to [[Mexico City]] with the opening of Cine La Raza. In 1972 Cinemas Gemelos was born and one year later the national expansion of Multicinemas began. The company was rebranded in 1994 as Cinépolis with the first multiplex-style theaters in [[Tijuana]]. In 1999, Cinépolis VIP was created.<ref name="Cinépolis Information"/> It is believed to be the biggest cinema chain in Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexico is home to two of the world's largest cinema multinationals|date = 14 June 2014|url=https://geo-mexico.com/?p=11417|access-date=12 November 2014}}</ref> In 2019 the brand updated its logo mark and began rolling out the new mark to locations around the world.

==Products and services==
===Luxury cinemas===
[[File:Cinépolis.JPG|thumb|A Cinépolis VIP theater at [[Plaza Las Américas (Cancún)|Plaza Las Américas]] in [[Cancún]]]]
'''Cinépolis VIP''' was created in 1999 and is considered one of the pioneers in the development of the Luxury Cinema concept.<ref name="Cinépolis VIP Information">{{cite web | url=http://www.cinepolisvip.com.mx/ | title=Cinépolis VIP | publisher=Cinépolis | access-date=4 April 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401091138/http://www.cinepolisvip.com.mx/ | archive-date=1 April 2009 }}</ref>

===Online ticketing===
In 1997, Cineticket was created to give users the option to buy their tickets online instead of waiting to purchase at the venue. Cineticket was the first online theater ticket-selling-system in [[Mexico]].

==Premium formats==
[[File:The Cinépolis anchor location inside Plaza Río shown closed during the COVID-19 Pandemic..jpg|thumb|The Cinépolis anchor location, featuring 4DX, inside [[Plaza Río Tijuana]] shown closed during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]]]

===4DX===
On 2 June 2011, Cinépolis invested $25 million and collaborated with the [[South Korea]]n company [[CJ Group]] to open 11 [[4DX]] theaters throughout [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/entretenimiento/2011/06/02/cinepolis-presenta-sus-salas-mas-costosas|title=Peso mexicano presenta una de sus peores caídas|first=Ricardo|last=Jiménez}}</ref> 4DX features motion seats, wind effects, water and air spray, and odors with over 100 scents. It first opened at the Plaza Acoxpa mall in Mexico City with the release of [[Disney]]'s ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides]]''. On 1 July 2012, Cinépolis opened South America's first 4DX theater in [[Brazil]] at the JK Iguatemi shopping mall in [[São Paulo]] with the release of ''[[Prometheus (2012 film)|Prometheus]]'' and ''[[Ice Age: Continental Drift]]''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sala de cinema 4DX chega ao Brasil|url=http://blog.jmprojetos.com.br/2012/07/sala-de-cinema-4dx-chega-ao-brasil/|access-date=21 May 2013|date=1 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629182129/http://blog.jmprojetos.com.br/2012/07/sala-de-cinema-4dx-chega-ao-brasil/|archive-date=29 June 2013}}</ref> It is the launch customer in the [[Western Hemisphere]] and is one of the largest 4DX clients. The technology has expanded throughout Mexico, and has theaters in [[Chile]] ([[Cinépolis Chile]]), [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]], [[India]], [[Central America]], and the [[United States]].

===ScreenX===
It was announced on 1 April 2019 that Cinépolis expanded its collaboration with the [[CJ CGV|CGV]] group to bring the first [[ScreenX]] theater technology in [[Mexico]], which is a 270-degree, multi-screen theater that allows viewers to experience a film beyond the typical frame of the film's screen.<ref name="cinepolis-4dx-screenx-pr">{{cite news |title=Cinépolis to be the First to Bring the Innovative and Award-Winning '4DX with ScreenX' Format to LATAM |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cinepolis-to-be-the-first-to-bring-the-innovative-and-award-winning-4dx-with-screenx-format-to-latam-300822373.html |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=PR Newswire |publisher=PR Newswire Association LCC |date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="cinepolis-screenx-4dxscreen">{{cite news |title=Salas ScreenX con vista panorámica de 270° llegan a Cinépolis |url=https://gritaradio.com/salas-screenx-con-vista-panoramica-de-270-llegan-a-cinepolis/ |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=gritaradio.com |publisher=gritaradio.com |date=5 February 2020|language=es}}</ref> It debuted at the Parque Las Antenas theater in [[Mexico City]] on 23 January 2020.<ref name="cinepolis-screenx-4dxscreen"/> It also has one ScreenX location in the [[United States]] in [[San Mateo, California]].<ref name="dcr-cinepolis-screenx-usa">{{cite news |last1=Dager |first1=Nick |title=Cinépolis Luxury Cinemas Installs its First ScreenX Auditorium |url=https://digitalcinemareport.com/news/cin%C3%A9polis-luxury-cinemas-installs-its-first-screenx-auditorium#.XkYe_2hKhPY |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=Digital Cinema Report |publisher=Digital Cinema Report |date=16 December 2019}}</ref>

===4DX Screen===
A combination of the conventional [[ScreenX]] and the motion-enhanced [[4DX]] theaters, Cinépolis also utilizes the "4DX Screen" (a.k.a. "4DX with ScreenX") theater that includes a fourth ceiling screen and the newest 4DX seat versions, first opened at the Parque Toreo theater in [[Mexico City]] on 4 March 2020. Introduced in 2017, this marks the merged technology's debut outside the Asia region and overseas.<ref name="cinepolis-screenx-4dxscreen"/>

==Markets==
Cinépolis has opened theaters in the capitals of Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia. Cinépolis attempted to expand their business to [[Ecuador]], but failed.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pérez|first=David Marcial|title=Cinepolis, el rey mexicano de las pantallas|url=https://elpais.com/economia/2015/07/23/actualidad/1437618647_906254.html|date=26 July 2015|access-date=10 November 2018|work=El País|issn=1134-6582|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=ALnavío – Noticias de ida y vuelta|title=La mexicana Cinépolis se hace más fuerte en España|url=https://alnavio.com/la-mexicana-cinepolis-se-hace-mas-fuerte-en-espana|access-date=23 November 2018|work=ALnavío – Noticias de ida y vuelta -|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asis.org.mx/publicaciones-asis/noticia.php?idn=1384|title=ASIS Capítulo México|access-date=23 November 2018|website=www.asis.org.mx}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Morelia, mon amour|url=https://expansion.mx/expansion/2014/01/03/morelia-mon-amour|date=10 May 2013|access-date=23 November 2018|work=Expansión|language=es}}</ref> So far, 11 theatres have been opened outside Mexico under the Cinépolis brand, with a planned expansion to [[Peru]], with the opening of a fourteen-screen theatre in [[Lima]], a theatre in [[Cali]], Colombia and a third in [[Tegucigalpa]], [[Honduras]].<ref name="Cinépolis Information"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinepolis.com.gt/indexgt.aspx?ciudad=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331170730/http://www.cinepolis.com.gt/indexgt.aspx?ciudad=|title=Upcoming Openings|archive-date=31 March 2009}}</ref>

===India===
[[File:Cinepolis in Surat.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Cinépolis in Surat|alt=Cinépolis in Surat, India]]
Cinepolis entered India in January 2015 by acquiring Fun Cinemas''',''' an Indian [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] theater chain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-28 |title=Cinépolis acquires Fun Cinemas for an undisclosed sum |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/cinpolis-acquires-fun-cinemas-for-an-undisclosed-sum/articleshow/46041988.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> It was based in [[Mumbai]], and was originally established in 2001 by [[Essel Group]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Press Release- Andheri gets its latest #styleplex |url=http://www.esselgroup.com/andheri-gets-its-latest-styleplex.html|work=Essel Group |date=12 August 2014 |access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref> At the time of the acquisition, Fun Cinemas operated 24 multiplexes with 83 screens in India.<ref>{{cite news |title= With Fun Cinemas buy, Cinepolis is third largest multiplex chain |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/with-fun-cinemas-buy-cinepolis-is-third-largest-multiplex-chain/article20964881.ece1 |work=Hindu Business Line |date=28 January 2015 |access-date=24 November 2018}}</ref>
Cinépolis planned to operate 500 screens in India with an investment of ₹ 1,500 [[crore]] and signed deals with 12 developers in eight cities to set up 110 screens in the first phase.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/cinepolis-to-open-500-screens-across-india-by-2017-113111300786_1.html|title=Cinepolis to open 500 screens across India by 2017|first=B. S.|last=Reporter|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=13 November 2013|via=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinepolisindia.com/india/home/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530101820/http://www.cinepolisindia.com/india/home/|title=Cinépolis India|archive-date=30 May 2009}}</ref> There were also plans to enter into deals with developers to create 200 more screens across India by 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinepolisindia.com/india/home/PDF/foray-in-india.pdf|title=Cinépolis announces its foray in India}}{{dead link|date=February 2023}}</ref> As of September 2024, Cinepolis India operates around 450 screens.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard |first=Business |title=Shortage of malls slows Cinepolis' plan for 1,000 screens in India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/shortage-of-malls-slows-cinepolis-plan-for-1-000-screens-in-india-124090800441_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240930104331/https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/shortage-of-malls-slows-cinepolis-plan-for-1-000-screens-in-india-124090800441_1.html |archive-date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref> It plans to add 80 screens in 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Farooqui |first=Javed |date=2023-10-26 |title=Cinepolis India to spend '280 cr on adding 80 screens next year |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/cinepolis-india-to-spend-280-cr-on-adding-80-screens-next-year/articleshow/104736412.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-02 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Cinépolis opened its largest Megaplex in India in Seasons Mall, [[Pune]] with 15 screens. It also operates another Megaplex at Viviana Mall, [[Thane]] with 14 screens including [[IMAX]], [[4DX]], and [[Dolby Atmos]] screens.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinepolis Megaplex at Viviana Mall, Mumbai - MGS Architecture |url=https://www.mgsarchitecture.in/architecture-design/projects/910-cinepolis-megaplex-at-viviana-mall-mumbai.html |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=www.mgsarchitecture.in}}</ref> Cinepolis Kochi operates 3 VIP screens while Cinepolis Thane operates 4 VIP screens, the first of its kind in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/cinpolis-to-open-indias-largest-15screen-megaplex-in-pune/804738 |title=Cinépolis to open India's largest 15-screen megaplex in Pune |access-date=25 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202013504/http://www.screenindia.com/news/cinpolis-to-open-indias-largest-15screen-megaplex-in-pune/804738 |archive-date=2 February 2013 }}</ref> Cinépolis also had a sub-brand in India known as Cinemastar. It was opened in December 2010 in [[Thane]] and was later rebranded as a Cinepolis cinema.

===Middle East===
Ashish Shukla, CEO of Cinépolis Gulf, has revealed plans to expand across the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] this year, with new cinemas set to open in the [[UAE]], [[Saudi Arabia]], and [[Oman]].

In [[Bahrain]], the cinemas are located at Atrium Mall, Saar, on the left of the King Fahd Causeway. The Cinépolis cinema is ideally placed for Saudi visitors. In [[Bahrain]] there are 13-screens, including Bahrain's first Junior theatre and 4D E-motion viewing experience, as well as two large-format screens, MacroXE with Dolby Atmos. Over there, Cinépolis promises a unique cinema offering.

The UAE's first Cinepolis megaplex cinema is going to open in Meydan One Mall in Dubai, with both venues set to open in 2021

===United States===
Cinépolis USA, which is headquartered in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], began operating luxury theaters in the [[United States]] in 2011. In November 2018, it created the [[Bay Theatre]] in [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades]], [[California]], based on an original 1940s design by architect [[S. Charles Lee]] as a plush five-screen cinema that features a coastal-themed menu at its concession stand, including an extensive wine list. One auditorium of the new Bay Theatre is equipped with an increasingly rare [[35mm movie film|35 mm film]] projector. It also has a 12-screen luxury movie theater at Hollywood Park, on the site of the former [[Hollywood Park racetrack]] in [[Inglewood, California]] next to [[SoFi Stadium]], which opened on 12 July 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Faughnder |first1=Ryan |title=Cinepolis caters to affluent moviegoers – and filmmakers – with reopened Bay Theatre |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-cinepolis-pacific-palisades-20181106-story.html |access-date=6 November 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times|date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In 2019, it acquired '''Moviehouse & Eatery''' to grow its presence in the United States.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cinepolis-acquires-moviehouse--eatery-to-grow-dine-in-theatre-presence-in-the-united-states-300891930.html | title=Cinépolis Acquires Moviehouse & Eatery to Grow Dine-In Theatre Presence in the United States }}</ref>

On 9 August 2019, Cinepolis reopened its [[Mansfield Township, Warren County, New Jersey|Mansfield, New Jersey]] location after renovations.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cinepolis-mansfield-to-reopen-on-august-9-following-multi-million-dollar-renovations-300898574.html|title=Cinépolis Mansfield to Reopen on August 9 Following Multi-Million Dollar Renovations}}</ref> It features 13 screens and luxury leather recliners with a full kitchen menu and bar. On January 5, 2020, Cinepolis announced it had closed its theater in [[Roxbury, New Jersey|Roxbury Township, New Jersey]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Comstock|first=Lori|title=Succasunna movie theater closing today|url=https://www.njherald.com/news/20200103/succasunna-movie-theater-closing-today|access-date=2021-08-02|website=New Jersey Herald|language=en}}</ref> On July 28, 2021, Cinepolis confirmed it had closed its location in Parsippany, New Jersey.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cahill|first=Frank L.|date=2021-07-28|title=It's Official – Cinépolis Is Not Reopening {{!}} Parsippany Focus|url=https://parsippanyfocus.com/2021/07/28/its-official-cinepolis-is-not-reopening/|access-date=2021-08-02|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 8 January 2023, Cinepolis closed its NYC location in [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chelseacommunitynews.com/2023/01/06/january-8-is-cinepolis-chelseas-last-picture-show/ | title=January 8 is Cinépolis Chelsea's Last Picture Show - Chelsea Community News | date=6 January 2023 }}</ref>

===Indonesia===

In October 2018, Cinépolis announced a collaboration with Cinemaxx, owned by Indonesia's [[Lippo Group]], by acquiring 40% ownership stake. Cinemaxx, at that time, operated 45 theaters with 225 screens.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/@kumparanbisnis/meksiko-akuisisi-saham-cinemaxx-bioskop-milik-lippo-group-1quyniJmV7N|title=Meksiko Akuisisi Saham Cinemaxx, Bioskop Milik Lippo Group|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> Following the acquisition, Cinépolis opened its first cineplex on 18 September 2019 at Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara followed by the rebranding of all Cinemaxx multiplexes into Cinépolis until Q4 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/cinemaxxtheater/status/1172797221831503872|title=18 SEPTEMBER 2019. Cinépolis pertama di Mataram Mall akan segera dibuka! Dapatkan berbagai promo menarik dan voucher gratis di hari pertama pembukaannya!pic.twitter.com/9P4RNoB2cf|last=Theater|first=Cinemaxx|date=2019-09-14|website=@cinemaxxtheater|language=id|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://swa.co.id/swa/trends/cinemaxx-ganti-nama-menjadi-cinepolis|title=Cinemaxx Ganti Nama Menjadi Cinépolis|last=AS|first=Anastasia|date=20 September 2019|website=SWA|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinemaxxtheater.com/NewsDetails.aspx?id=59|title=News - Cinemaxx Theater|website=www.cinemaxxtheater.com|access-date=2019-10-28|archive-date=3 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003043740/http://www.cinemaxxtheater.com/NewsDetails.aspx?id=59}}</ref>

==Foundation==
In 2003, Organización Ramírez created the Cinépolis Foundation to help underprivileged people get medical care and education. Its mission is to contribute to social justice in [[Mexico]] through visible health programs. In 2007 the foundation was awarded the International Accomplishment in Exhibition for its work in promoting activism within the Mexican community. The Foundation's program, Del Amor Nace la Vista (From love, sight is born) has been recognised as The Best Practice in Social Responsibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fundacioncinepolis.com.mx/logros.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221145754/http://www.fundacioncinepolis.com.mx/logros.html|archive-date=21 February 2009|title=Fundacion Cinepolis (Logros)|date=21 February 2009}}</ref> They have signed association deals with twelve organizations in Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fundacioncinepolis.com.mx/alianzas.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126102904/http://fundacioncinepolis.com.mx/alianzas.html|archive-date=26 January 2009|title=Fundacion Cinepolis (Alianzas)|date=26 January 2009}}</ref>

==Controversies==
In March 2015, an article from the Mexican edition of ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine revealed that Cinépolis, along with rival movie theater chain [[Cinemex]], were fined $7 million pesos each for directly disobeying instructions by the [[Instituto Nacional Electoral|Instituto Nacional Electoral (INE, National Electoral Institute)]], by showing political propaganda of the [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico|Partido Verde Ecologista de Mexico (Ecologist Green Party of Mexico)]], with the [[political party]] itself being fined $35 million pesos.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/cuanto-pagara-pvem-al-ine-por-spot-cien-minutos/ | title=Partido Verde, Cinemex y Cinépolis: crónica de una multa anunciada | date=3 March 2015 | work=Forbes | language=es | access-date=22 April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/03/06/1011995|title=INE avala multa al PVEM por 67.1 mdp por spots en cine|date=2015-03-06|website=Excélsior|language=es|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>

In 2017, the Del Amor Nace La Vista charity foundation of Cinépolis was criticized for allegedly leaving 100 [[Maya peoples|Mayan indigenous people]] blind due to negligence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/metropoli/cdmx/negligencia-medica-deja-ciegos-indigenas-mayas-piden-apoyo-aldf|title=Negligencia médica deja ciegos a indígenas mayas; piden apoyo a ALDF|date=4 December 2017|website=El Universal}}</ref> Cinepolis said it was only two,
and no negligence was detected within the operations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/fundacion-cinepolis-responde-a-acusaciones-sobre-indigenas-que-quedaron-ciegos/|title=Fundación Cinépolis responde a acusaciones sobre indígenas que quedaron ciegos|author=Forbes Staff|date=6 December 2017|website=Forbes México}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://cinepolisusa.com/ Cinepolis USA]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cinepolis}}
[[Category:Mexican companies established in 1971]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 1971]]
[[Category:Cinema chains in Brazil]]
[[Category:Cinema chains in Mexico]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Mexico]]
[[Category:Morelia]]
[[Category:Mexican brands]]
[[Category:Cinemas and movie theaters in Indonesia]]

Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh

2026-03-11T14:09:47Z

DebraToney89: minor correct citations to improve readability additionally and updated info

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Balrampur-Ramanujganj district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Chhattisgarh|District]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Ruined temple near Rani Talab, Dipadih Kusmi Dipadih Chattisgarh 036.jpg
| image_caption = Ruined temple near Rani Talab, [[Dipadih]]
| image_map =
| mapframe = yes
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Chhattisgarh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Balrampur-Ramanujganj
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = Surguja
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Balrampur, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 10
| area_total_km2 = 7213
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of =
| population_total = 730491
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 54.24
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = NH 343
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 497xxx (Balrampur)<ref>[https://indiapincodes.net/Chhattisgarh/Balrampur/ Balrampur]</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://balrampur.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Balrampur-Ramanujganj district''' is a northern district in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]]. It came into existence on 17 January 2012 and was formerly part of [[Surguja district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=District Balrampur, Government of Chhattisgarh {{!}} Anokha Balrampur {{!}} India|url=https://balrampur.gov.in/|access-date=27 January 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> Balrampur-Ramanujganj district is the northernmost district of Chhattisgarh. Its seat is [[Balrampur, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]].

[[Ramanujganj]] is one of the historical places in Balrampur district. It is the most populous town of the Balrampur district. Ramanujganj is the border town of Chhattishgarh-[[Jharkhand]] State. The nearest airports are [[Ranchi]] and [[Raipur]]. The nearest railway stations are [[Garhwa railway station|Garhwa]] and [[Ambikapur railway station|Ambikapur]]. Balrampur district borders Jharkhand in the east, [[Uttar Pradesh]] in the north, Madhya Pradesh in the west. 63% population are from Scheduled Tribes.

== Geography ==
Balrampur district is mainly mountainous. In the south-west of the district is part of the Surguja Plateau. In the north of the district there are a set of parallel ranges. To the south of these ranges are several of the ''pats'' that make Surguja unique, which are some of the highest points in Chhattisgarh. On the border with Jharkhand are several more pats.

There are several rivers in Balrampur district. The [[Kanhar River|Kanhar river]], a tributary of the [[Son River|Son]], has its source near Kusmi in the south of the district and forms much of its border with Jharkhand.

== Tourism ==

Major tourist attractions include:
* [[Dipadih]] (Ancient Sculptors)
* [[Rakasganda]],
* Tatapani (hot spring)

==Education==
The only university in Balrampur-Ramanujganj district is Sarguja University created on 2 September 2008.

== Administration ==
=== Blocks/Mandals ===
Balrampur-Ramanujganj district consists of 10 Tehsils. The following are the list of the Tehsils of Balrampur district:<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://balrampur.info/basicinfo.php |title=Balrampur district Profile, Chhattisgarh |work=Balrampur district |publisher=Chhattisgarh State Government |accessdate=4 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106002015/http://balrampur.info/basicinfo.php |archive-date=6 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Balrampur, Chhattisgarh|Balrampur]]
*[[Rajpur, Balrampur|Rajpur]]
*[[Shankargarh, Balrampur|Shankargarh]]
*[[Kusmi]]
*[[Ramanujganj]]
*[[Wadrafnagar]]
*Chando
*Daura-Kochli
*Ramchandrapur
*Raghunathnagar

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Balrampur district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Chhattisgarh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11368/download/14481/DDW22C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.82}}
{{bar percent|Other (tribal religion)|chartreuse|5.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|4.59}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Chhattisgarh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.41}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.16}}
}}

As of the 2011 census, the population of Balrampur district was 730,491, of which 34,683 (4.75%) live in urban areas. Balrampur district has a sex ratio of 973 females per 1000 males.<ref name="districtcensus">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Surguja |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/358/download/1080/DH_2011_2202_PART_A_DCHB_SURGUJA.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 4.48% and 62.83% of the population respectively.<ref name=":0" />

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Balrampur district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Surgujia dialect|Surgujia]] |value1 = 32.92 |color1 = moccasin
|label2 = [[Sadri language|Sadri]] |value2 = 26.43 |color2 = burlywood
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 12.32 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value4 = 8.76 |color4 = gold
|label5 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value5 = 7.35 |color5 = mediumseagreen
|label6 = 'Other' Hindi |value6 = 4.44 |color6 = coral
|label7 = [[Korwa language|Korwa]] |value7 = 1.84 |color7 = maroon
|label8 = [[Gondi language|Gondi]] |value8 = 1.58 |color8 = darkturquoise
|label9 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value9 = 1.37 |color9 = orchid
|label10 = Pandwani |value10 = 0.93 |color10 = pink
|label11 = Others |value11 = 2.06 |color11 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 32.92% of the population spoke [[Surgujia dialect|Surgujia]], 26.43% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 12.32% [[Hindi]], 8.76% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 7.35% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 1.84% [[Korwa language|Korwa]], 1.58% [[Gondi language|Gondi]], 1.37% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 0.93% Pandwani as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Chhattisgarh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10198/download/13310/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2200.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://balrampur.gov.in}}

{{Chhattisgarh}}
{{Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Chhattisgarh]]

{{Chhattisgarh-geo-stub}}

Vishwambhar Nath Sharma

2026-03-04T05:51:13Z

DebraToney89: created a bio from scratch

{{Short description|Indian Writer}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Improve categories|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Vishwambhar Nath Sharma Kaushik
| honorific_prefix = Pandit
| image =
| birth_name = Vishwambhar Nath
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|05|10}}
| birth_place = [[Ambala]] [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Haryana]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1945|12|10|1899|05|10}}
| death_place = [[Kanpur]], British India (present-day [[Kanpur]], Uttar Pradesh, India)
| pseudonym =
| occupation = Novelist, short story writer
| language = [[Hindi]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| notableworks = ''[[Raksha Bandhan (short story)|Raksha Bandhan]]'', ''[[Kalp Mandir]]'', ''[[Chitrashala]]'', ''[[Prem Pratigya]]'', ''[[Mani Mala]]'', ''[[Kallol (short story collection)|Kallol]]'', ''[[Taai (short story)|Taai]]''
| spouse =
| children =
| signature =
| years_active =
| image_size = 150px
}}

'''Vishwambhar Nath Sharma''' or '''Kaushik''' (1899–1945) was an Indian writer of early 20th-century [[Hindi literature]], best known for his contributions to the development of the Hindi short story. He is considered one of the early practitioners of psychological realism in Hindi fiction and is particularly remembered for his acclaimed short story ''Taai''.'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Śukla |first=Śrīlāla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F79Uj3S3kNkC&pg=PA47 |title=Bhagwati Charan Verma |date=1994 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-7201-829-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Pandey |first=Kailash Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xehXBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |title=Karyalayeeya Hindi: Discover the Secrets of Official Hindi with Kailash Nath Pandey |date=2013-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-82901-46-4 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2023-08-22 |title='ताई' को लिख कर अमर हो गए पंडित विश्वंभर नाथ कौशिक |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/knowledge/pandit-vishwambhar-nath-kaushik-became-famous-by-writing-story-tai-2059156.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref>'''

== Early life ==
Kaushik was born in 1899 in Ambala, Punjab, then part of British India. In 1903, he was adopted by his uncle Pandit Indarsen Sharma, a successful lawyer who had relocated from Ambala to Kanpur. Indarsen, known for his legal acumen and philanthropy, established a residence in Bengali Mohal, Kanpur, where Kaushik spent most of his life.

Initially inclined toward poetry in Urdu under the pen name "Ragib," Kaushik began his literary journey contributing poems and articles to ''Zamana'', an Urdu journal edited by Munshi Dayanarayan Nigam. He was part of a literary circle that included emerging writers such as Munshi [[Premchand]], then writing under the name Nawab Rai.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Literary career ==
Under the influence of Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi, editor of the Hindi journal ''Saraswati'', Kaushik transitioned from Urdu to Hindi. His first known Hindi story, ''Raksha Bandhan'', was published in ''Saraswati'' in 1913. Over the following decades, Kaushik wrote over 300 short stories, contributing significantly to the Hindi short story tradition.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

His stories often focused on domestic life, moral dilemmas, and psychological depth, distinguishing his work from that of his contemporaries. He employed a realist style, portraying middle-class characters in everyday situations with empathy and introspection.

Kaushik's most well-known story, ''Taai'', explores the emotional transformation of a childless woman who steps into a maternal role during a crisis involving her nephew. The story is noted for its restraint, internal character development, and subtle social commentary, and is frequently cited alongside Chandradhar Sharma Guleri's ''Usne Kaha Tha'' as a landmark of early Hindi [[psychological fiction]].

=== Published works ===
Kaushik's short stories were compiled in several collections, including:

* ''Raksha Bandhan''
* ''Kalp Mandir''
* ''Chitrashala''
* ''Prem Pratigya''
* ''Mani Mala''
* ''Kallol''

These works were widely published in Hindi literary magazines of the time and contributed to the shaping of modern Hindi prose.

== Personal life and legacy ==
Kaushik remained active in Kanpur's literary circles and maintained close associations with notable writers such as Premchand, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, and Bhagwati Charan Verma. His residence in Bengali Mohal served as an informal hub for literary discussion during the 1930s and 1940s.

He died in 1945. His grandson, Neelambar Kaushik, preserved his literary legacy, including manuscripts, books, and correspondence. Neelambar himself was a writer and died in August 2022.

In 2023, the 125th birth anniversary of Vishwambhar Nath Sharma Kaushik was commemorated, renewing public and academic interest in his literary contributions.<ref name=":2" />

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:People from Ambala]]

Pudhu Vazhvu

2026-03-04T04:59:18Z

DebraToney89: Created New Pg - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pudhu Vazhvu poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
| writer = Elangovan A. K. Velan Iraimudimani
| producer = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| starring = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] [[Madhuri Devi]]
| cinematography = R. Sampath
| editing = V. B. Natarajan
| music = [[G. Ramanathan]] [[C. N. Pandurangan]]
| studio = Sarvodaya Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1957|3|8|ref1=}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Pudhu Vazhvu''''' ({{translation|New Life}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhalla |first=Nita |date=22 May 2012 |title=Victoria's Secret bras a boost for rural Indian women |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/victorias-secret-bras-a-boost-for-rural-indian-women-idUSBRE84L0NO/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/lE3ar?wr=false |archive-date=23 February 2025 |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> is a 1957 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film produced and directed by [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]. The film stars himself, [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] and [[Madhuri Devi]].<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=13 September 2014 |title=Pudhu Vazhvu 1957 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-pudhu-vazhvu-1957/article6408005.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140913184535/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/blast-from-the-past-pudhu-vazhvu-1957/article6408005.ece |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=6 February 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It was released on 8 March 1957.<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1957 – புதுவாழ்வு – சர்வோதயா பிக்சர்ஸ் |trans-title=1957 – Pudhu Vazhvu – Sarvodaya Pictures |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails13.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170206012722/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1957-cinedetails13.asp |archive-date=6 February 2017 |access-date=6 February 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=October 2022}}
Vaikuntam is a lad who lives in a village. He is a good singer and in love with a lass, Nagammal. But Nagammal's brother is against their love. One day he ties Vaikundam to a tree. Vaikundam is rescued by a rich woman who was passing by. She takes Vaikundam to her city. When she realises that Vaikundam is a talented singer, she renames him ''Geethamani'' and promotes him. He becomes famous and rich. However, he neglects his parents and treats them poorly. His lover, Nagammal, tries to kill herself because of his behaviour. The rest of the story deals with how Geethamani realises his delusion and reconciles with his parents and Nagammal.

== Cast ==
Adapted from [[The Hindu]] article<ref name="hindu" /> and the opening credits<ref name="credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Puthu Vazhvu |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sarvodaya Pictures |year=1957 |time=0:00 to 2:15 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=40%}}
;Male cast
* [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] as Vaikuntam, Geethamani
* [[N. S. Krishnan]] as Nallathambi
* [[T. S. Balaiah]] as Neelakantan
* [[T. S. Durairaj]] as Raman
* [[K. A. Thangavelu]] as Thangavelu
* Alwar Kuppusami as Santhanam
* P. B. Rangachari as Vaikuntam's father
* Yadhartham Ponnusami Pillai as Yadhartham
* V. K. Achari as Sahadevan
* [[Kuladeivam Rajagopal|V. R. Rajagopal]] as Thambi
* Rajagopal as Thangavelu's worker
{{col-break|width=40%}}
;Female cast
* [[Madhuri Devi]] as Subha
* [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] as Nagamma
* [[T. A. Mathuram]] as Muthunagai
* Kumari Thulasi as Mahima
* [[Ambika Sukumaran|Ambika]] as Dancer
* K. N. Kamalam as Chellam
* T. V. Kalyani as Vaikundam's mother
{{col-end}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[G. Ramanathan]] and [[C. N. Pandurangan]], while the lyrics were penned by [[Papanasam Sivan]], [[Thanjai N. Ramaiah Dass]], [[A. Maruthakasi]], Natarajasundaram, Saravanabhavananda and [[Suratha]].<ref name="hindu" /><ref name="credits" />

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| extra12 = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]], [[Jikki]]
| title18 = Avasiyam Avasiyam (dance song)
| length12 = 05:04
| length17 = 02:15
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra11 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra15 = [[N. S. Krishnan]], [[T. A. Mathuram]]
| extra17 = [[Radha Jayalakshmi]]
| extra8 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra7 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra10 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| title16 = Aadudhinnaanga Adhai Paarka Veenum
| extra16 = [[N. S. Krishnan]], T. A. Mathuram
| extra9 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra3 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra6 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra2 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra4 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra5 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar
| extra13 = M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, [[P. Leela]]
| extra18 = Gajalakshmi
| length13 = 03:23
| title17 = Kottu Melam Kovilile
| title15 = Alavu Thaan Oru Alavu Thaan
| title1 = Appaa Naan Vendudhal Kettu
| length6 = 04:29
| length1 = 04:30
| title2 = Unmai Ondre Pesum
| length2 = 03:43
| title3 = Chuttum Vizhi Chudar Than
| length3 =
| title4 = Paadupattu Panaththai
| length4 =
| title5 = Gnaanap Pazhathai Pizhindhu Piravaa
| length5 =
| title6 = Dhaanam Avasiyam Adhanaal
| title7 = Deviye Enai Kan Paaramma
| title14 = Devi En Kanavum Nanavaaguma
| length7 =
| title8 = Udhanadha Dhillilaana Dhadheem
| length8 =
| title9 = Yaarai Nondhu Kolvadhinge
| length9 =
| title10 = Vanjaka Cheygai Nanjinum Kodidhu
| length10 =
| total_length =
| title11 = Annaiyum Thandhaiyum Munnari
| title12 = Thaen Kuyil Pole Isaipaadum
| title13 = Maanai Pole Odi
| extra14 = P. Leela
| length11 = 02:48
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Pudhu Vazhvu'' was released in select theatres on 8 March 1957,<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> and in others on 22 March.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 1957 |title=Puthu Vazhvu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19570322&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kanthan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' criticised the film for its filmmaking style, cinematography and lighting.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=7 April 1957 |title=புது வாழ்வு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-04-07/page/2/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240923080522/https://archive.org/details/kalki1957-04-07/page/2/mode/2up |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=23 September 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=20–21 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> Film historian [[Randor Guy]] wrote in 2014 that the film was a flop at the box office but the songs are still worth listening even after more than half a century.<ref name="hindu" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1957 Indian films]]
[[Category:1957 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by C. N. Pandurangan]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Maya (1961 film)

2026-03-04T04:00:02Z

DebraToney89: created a pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maya
| image = Maya (1961).jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[D.D. Kashyap]]
| producer =
| screenplay = D.D. Kashyap
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Mala Sinha]] [[Lalita Pawar]]
| music = [[Salil Chowdhary]]
| cinematography =
| editing = [[Anant Apte]]
| studio = Light of Asia Films Rajkumari Kashyap<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SR3hubOosg|title=Maya 1961|publisher=Rajshri|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1961}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}

'''''Maya''''' ({{lit|The illusion}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SR3hubOosg|title=Maya 1961|publisher=Rajshri|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref> is a 1961 [[Bollywood]] film directed by [[D.D. Kashyap]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://madhulikaliddle.com/2012/01/11/maya-1961/|title = Maya (1961)|date = 11 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|author3=Professor of Critical Studies Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|date=10 July 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLkABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT233|accessdate=10 September 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-94318-9|pages=618–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/maya-movie/3277|title=Maya 1961|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>
The film stars [[Dev Anand]] and [[Mala Sinha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://upperstall.com/profile/mala-sinha/|title = Mala Sinha|date = 11 November 2016}}</ref> along with [[Lalita Pawar]] in the main lead.<ref name=imdb>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0232066|title=Maya|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> This film ''Maya'' was made just a year before ''[[Asli-Naqli]]'', but with a very similar story line. It was less successful in the box office compared to ''[[Asli-Naqli]]''. But with the music of the film, composed by Maestro [[Salil Chowdhury]] and the songs penned by [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]], the film was a big hit and was much liked.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/maya.htm|title=Maya 1961|publisher=Hindi Geetmala| accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>

== Synopsis and characters ==
A wealthy young man, Manmohan ([[Dev Anand]]) strikes to his own to see how the rest of the world lives. He pretends to be poor, goes to live in a community of poor people, and falls in love with a poor girl, Shyama ([[Mala Sinha]]), who doesn't realise he's a wealthy man.

Maya gets off to a running start: we see a liveried servant Garibu ([[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]])<ref name=imdb/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0839129|title = Sunder|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> hosting a dinner party for a bunch of other similarly clad servants. This is in the absence of all their masters. The 'host' of this party is servant to Seth, Ram Narain (Mubarak). Seth Ram Narain isn't in town right now, and his only son, Manmohan ([[Dev Anand]]) is out celebrating his birthday with a party with his friends.

Manmohan returns unexpectedly, depressed and in melancholy from that party. Now the movie shows a flashback of the party, where Manmohan—within the course of a few brief minutes—gets several bad jolts. First, he sees (standing outside the party hall) his old friend Deepak ([[Krishan Dhawan]]), who's come to wish well to Manmohan for his birthday. Despite much cajoling on Manmohan's part, Deepak refuses to come inside—he insists that he, in his simple clothes, will be out of place amidst all those suits and glittery saris. Manmohan, who seems to genuinely like his friend, accepts that, and then apologises for not having kept in touch with Deepak. "I remember you'd told me that your wife was ill, and you needed money for her treatment", Manmohan tells Deepak. "But I went away to Kashmir with some friends, and forgot all about that. I hope bhabhi's better now." Then comes the first shock: Deepak's wife died as a result of that illness. Still shaken, Manmohan eventually goes back into the party hall, and here he receives two more shocks. First, he hears a 'friend' telling others that he's made friends with Manmohan in order to get a business deal through. Then Manmohan overhears his girlfriend Shiela ([[Bela Bose]]) telling another man that she only fawns on Manmohan because of his wealth; she doesn't really love him.

A disillusioned and depressed Manmohan comes home and goes to bed. He's tossing and turning when an unexpected visitor enters his room: a thief. Manmohan manages to overpower the man Sudesh ([[Sudesh Kumar]]) pretty effortlessly: even though the thief has a dagger, he can't bring himself to use it. When Manmohan confronts him, he breaks down and confesses all. His name is Sudesh, and though he's a member of a gang of petty criminals, his heart's not in this work at all. He's ashamed of it, too, and begs Manmohan not to hand him over to the police. It'll break the heart of Sudesh's sister Shyama ([[Mala Sinha]]), who dotes on her brother. He tells Sudesh that he will keep mum and not hand Sudesh over to the cops—if Sudesh will help him in return. And how? By giving Manmohan a taste of poverty. Manmohan will accompany Sudesh to the chawl where Sudesh lives, and Manmohan will find a place to stay there too. He'll earn his daily bread, somehow make ends meet, do without, face hardship and live as a poor man. Sudesh agrees and after Manmohan has changed into more commonplace clothing, the two men go off to the chawl where Sudesh lives. Sudesh's Mausi ([[Lalita Pawar]]) is a kind and motherly lady from whom Manmohan—now calling himself Shyam—rents a room. This storyline moves forward with many other characters.

This movie features one person who went on to become one of Hindi cinema's greatest onscreen villains, [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]. In one scene, this boy is sharing screen space with his real life father, [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]. Amjad Khan was actually about 20 when the film was released. There is Banke ([[Agha (actor)|Agha]]), who is a member of the same gang as Sudesh. Banke, while he's pretty street-smart and not above throwing his weight around, is also a good man at heart. He's in love with a pretty lady Madam ([[Helen (actress)|Helen]]). Madam also lives in the chawl, and is derisive of Banke and his repeated declarations of his love. One more character is ruthless Ranvir ([[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]]), who is Banke (Agha) and Sudesh's boss and heads a gang of thieves, extortionists, and worse. Also, he has an eye on Shyama for himself. When he finds that Shyama and Shyam are in love with each other he doesn't like it and gets furious.

And there is Sudesh's elder sister, Shyama ([[Mala Sinha]]). On the first night when Sudesh brings Manmohan/Shyam home, Shyama is out. Sudesh lets Shyam sleep in his own bed, and since Shyam—covered up with a sheet completely from head to toe—is lying in her brother's bed, Shyama, on arriving the next morning, thinks this is her brother. When, despite much tugging and scolding, he refuses to wake up, Shyama pours a bucketful of water over him—only to find that this is a stranger, not Sudesh. Shyama and Shyam are soon in love. Shyam finds himself a job—selling ice cream from a cart—and all is happiness, love and contentment. But there are problems lurking in the background. Shyam, after all, is really Manmohan. He's left a big mansion behind, and the owner of that big mansion, Manmohan's wealthy father, will soon be back and will wonder where his son has disappeared to. if and when he discovers Manmohan's new and humble avatar, he's not going to be very pleased. Also, Shyama's reaction, when she discovers that the man she loves has been lying to her all along about his identity. All these the factors makes this movie a complete feature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SR3hubOosg|title=Maya 1961|publisher=Rajshri|accessdate=10 September 2017}}</ref>

==Cast==
Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citwf.com/film218408.htm |title=MAYA - Film / Movie |website=www.citwf.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030094556/http://www.citwf.com/film218408.htm |archive-date=2013-10-30}} </ref>
* [[Dev Anand]] – Manmohan / Shyam
* [[Mala Sinha]] – Shyama
* [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]] – Seth Shyam Narain<ref name="imdb"/>
* [[Lalita Pawar]] – Mausi
* [[Sudesh Kumar]] – Sudesh
* [[Agha (actor)|Agha]] – Banke
* [[Sunder (actor)|Sunder]] – Garibu
* [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] – Banke's darling
* [[Krishan Dhawan]] – Deepak
* [[Niranjan Sharma]] – Chawl Dweller, Tara's father
* [[Jayant (actor)|Jayant]] – Ranvir
* [[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] – a teenager, Ranvir's employee
* [[Bela Bose]] - Sheela
* [[Tabassum]] - chawl girl eating ice cream
* [[Nana Palshikar]] - Panditji
* [[Brahm Bhardwaj]] - dance announcer
* Rani Nrityashromani - dancer performing in chawl
* Tina Misquitta - dancer in Ranvir's den

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/maya.htm|title = Maya : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Maya (1961)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lyricsbogie.com/category/movies/maya-1961|title = Maya Songs Lyrics & Videos [All Songs List]}}</ref> !! Singer(s) !! Picturised on !! Music director !! Lyricist
|-
| "Tasveer Teri Dil Me, Jis Din Se Utari Hai"
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| [[Dev Anand]] & [[Mala Sinha]]
| [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
| "Jaa Re, Jaa Re Ud Jaa Re Panchhi, Bahaaron Ke Des Jaa Re"
| Lata Mangeshkar
| Mala Sinha
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Koi Sone Ke Dilwala, Koi Chandi Ke Dilwala"
| Mohammed Rafi
| Dev Anand
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Zindagi Hai Kya Sun Meri Jaan"
| Mohammed Rafi
| Dev Anand
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Ae Dil Kahan Teri Manzil, Na Koi Deepak Hai Na Koi Tara Hai"
| [[Dwijen Mukherjee]]
| Dev Anand
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Phir Ek Baar Kaho, Usi Ada Se Kaho"
| Lata Mangeshkar, Dwijen Mukherjee
| Dev Anand & Mala Sinha
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Ae Dil Kahan Teri Manzil, Na Koi Deepak Hai Na Koi Tara Hai"
| Lata Mangeshkar
| Mala Sinha
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Jadu Dale Hai Machal Machal Kiski Nazar"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
| Dev Anand
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| "Sanam Tu Chal Diya Rasta Mere Bina"
| Mohammed Rafi
| [[Helen (actress)|Helen]] & [[Agha (actor)|Agha]]
| Salil Chowdhury
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt0232066}}

[[Category:1961 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salil Chowdhury]]

Bhavani Junction

2026-03-03T23:50:15Z

DebraToney89: improved article

{{short description|1985 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhavani Junction
| image =
| caption =
| director = H. Dinesh
| producer = [[Deepak Shivdasani]]
| writer = [[Jainendra Jain (screenwriter)|Jainendra Jain]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Shashi Kapoor]] [[Shatrughan Sinha]] [[Zeenat Aman]] [[Rati Agnihotri]]
| music = [[Bappi Lahiri]]
| cinematography = [[Lawrence D'Souza]]
| editing = Govind Dalwadi
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1985|11|22|df=yes}}
| runtime = 128 min
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Bhavani Junction''''' is a 1985 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Bollywood]] [[Crime film|crime drama film]] directed by H. Dinesh and produced by [[Deepak Shivdasani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=FilmiClub |title=Bhavani Junction (1985) |url=https://www.filmiclub.com/movie/bhavani-junction-1985-hindi-movie |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=FilmiClub }}</ref> It stars [[Shashi Kapoor]], [[Shatrughan Sinha]], [[Zeenat Aman]], [[Rati Agnihotri]] in pivotal roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhavani Junction (1985) |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-o6zlgo/bhavani-junction/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Radio Times }}</ref> The film was released on 22 November 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=Bhavani Junction Box Office Collection {{!}} India {{!}} Day Wise {{!}} Box Office - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 November 1985 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bhavani-junction/box-office/ |access-date=2022-03-19 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Police officer Ram is searching for the criminal who rapes and kills his wife. Ram's friend, Bhavani helps him to find out the culprits. Things turn worse when Ram realises that the offender is none other than Rakesh, Bhavani's son.<ref>{{Citation |title=Bhawani Junction |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bhawani-junction |access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Shashi Kapoor]] as Raja Bhavani Pratap
* [[Shatrughan Sinha]] as SP Ram
* [[Zeenat Aman]] as Reshma
* [[Rati Agnihotri]] as Shakuntala
* [[Prem Chopra]] as Diwanchand
* [[Deven Verma]] as Joseph
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Police Chief
* [[Mazhar Khan (actor, born 1955)|Mazhar Khan]] as Rakesh "Ricky"
* [[Mahesh Anand]] as Kundan

==Songs==
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aaiye Baahon Mein"
| [[Sharon Prabhakar]]
|-
| "Bhavani Junction, Bhavani Junction"
| Sharon Prabhakar, [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| "Ghumke Dekho Na Ji"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Prem Aashram"
| Asha Bhosle
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0268990}}

{{Deepak Shivdasani}}

[[Category:1985 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]
[[Category:1985 crime drama films]]
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bappi Lahiri]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]

{{1980s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Priya O Priya

2026-03-03T18:26:35Z

DebraToney89: Created New Details - done

{{Short description|1997 Telugu film by Muppalaneni Shiva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Priya O Priya
| image = Priya O Priya.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Muppalaneni Shiva]]
| based_on = ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'' (Hindi)
| producer = N. R. Anuradha Devi K. Bhanu Prasad P. L. N. Reddy {{small|(Presenter)}}
| starring = [[Vadde Naveen]] [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] [[Simran (actress)|Simran]]
| screenplay = Muppalaneni Shiva
| cinematography = V. Jayaram
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| music = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]
| studio = Jubilee International
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1997|9|26}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Priya O Priya''''' is a 1997 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language romantic drama film directed by [[Muppalaneni Shiva]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Priya O Priya (1997) |url=https://indiancine.ma/BEIA/info |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Indiancine.ma |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524153541/https://indiancine.ma/BEIA/info |url-status=live }}</ref> The film stars [[Vadde Naveen]], [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], and [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] in lead roles. Produced by N. R. Anuradha Devi and K. Bhanu Prasad under the Jubilee International banner, the music was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]].<ref name=":4" />

The film is a remake of the 1994 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] film ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'', which was inspired by the 1954 American film [[Sabrina (1954 film)|''Sabrina'']], itself based on [[Samuel A. Taylor]]'s 1953 play ''[[Sabrina Fair]]''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Arunachalam |first=Param |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3vbyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Priya+O+Priya%22+telugu+film&pg=RA5-PA544 |title=BollySwar: 1991 - 2000 |publisher=Mavrix Infotech Private Limited |isbn=978-81-938482-1-0 |page=544 |language=en}}</ref> ''Priya O Priya'' marked Abbas's debut in a straight Telugu film and was also Simran's second venture in the Telugu film industry.

The film was released on 26 September 1997.<ref name=":1" /> The song "Kammani Kalalaku" from the film became particularly popular.

== Plot ==
Two brothers (Vadde Naveen and Abbas), heirs to a successful business empire, fall in love with the same woman (Simran), the daughter of their family's driver. While one is infatuated, the other forms a deep connection with her. Family opposition escalates, leading to emotional turmoil. In the end, one brother sacrifices his love, allowing the other brother to unite with her.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vadde Naveen]] as Krishna Chaitanya
* [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]] as Vamsi
* [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] as Priya
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Vasundhara
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]
* [[Brahmanandam]]
* [[AVS (actor)|AVS]]
* [[Sivaji Raja]]
* [[Subbaraya Sarma]]
* K. K. Sarma
* [[Kallu Chidambaram]]
* [[M. S. Narayana]]
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]]
* [[Ananth Babu|Ananth]]
* [[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]]
* [[Jayaprakash Reddy]]
}}

== Production ==
''Priya O Priya'' was produced by N. R. Anuradha Devi and K. Bhanu Prasad under the banner Jubilee International.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Priya O Priya (1997) |url=http://www.ghantasala.info/tfs/cdata2262.html |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Ghantasala.info |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815094206/http://www.ghantasala.info/tfs/cdata2262.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Muppalaneni Shiva]] directed the film and also wrote its screenplay, while the dialogues were penned by Vandavasu Vidya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVg7Z1ulcBY |title=Priya O Priya Full Movie |access-date=2024-12-16 |via=YouTube}} Credits appear from 0:00 to 2:08</ref> The film is a remake of the 1994 Hindi movie ''[[Yeh Dillagi]]'', which was inspired by the 1954 American film [[Sabrina (1954 film)|''Sabrina'']], itself based on [[Samuel A. Taylor]]'s 1953 play ''[[Sabrina Fair]]''.<ref name=":2" /> The story of ''Sabrina'' had previously been adapted in Telugu as ''[[Intiki Deepam Illale]]'' in 1961.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=26 April 2014 |title=Manapandhal (1961) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427160346/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/Manapandhal-1961/article5951258.ece |archive-date=27 April 2014 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Vadde Naveen]], [[Abbas (actor)|Abbas]], and [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] were cast in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=Abbas, The Tamil-Telugu Star, Who Moved To New Zealand and Worked at Petrol Pump |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abbas-the-tamil-telugu-star-who-moved-to-new-zealand-and-worked-at-petrol-pump-4745369.html |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=[[News18]] |language=en |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804110512/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/abbas-the-tamil-telugu-star-who-moved-to-new-zealand-and-worked-at-petrol-pump-4745369.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This film marked Abbas's first straight Telugu film, following his popularity in the dubbed film [[Kadhal Desam|''Prema Desam'']] (1996). It was also Simran's second venture in Telugu cinema following ''Abbai Gari Pelli'' (1997).

Principal photography for the film took place in [[Hyderabad]], with major portions shot at [[Ramanaidu Studios]], [[Annapurna Studios]], and [[Padmalaya Studios]]. Post-production activities were conducted at Ramanaidu Studios.<ref name=":0" />

== Music ==
The music for ''Priya O Priya'' was composed by [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]. Audio soundtrack was released on [[Aditya Music]] label.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Priya O Priya Audio Back Cover |url=https://vintagestore.in/cdn/shop/products/IMG_E2499_ef1c658b-c298-438e-a633-1a9cf689c241_2048x.jpg?v=1678048849 |access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref> The song "Kammani Kalalaku (Priya O Priya)" became a standout track, gaining popularity.

Source:<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Citation |title=Priya O Priya (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/priya-o-priya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1031521208 |access-date=2024-12-16 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205173230/https://music.apple.com/in/album/priya-o-priya-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1031521208 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Priya O Priya - All Songs |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/priya-o-priya/k2WZUAZbWm8_ |access-date=2024-12-16 |publisher=[[JioSaavn]] |language=en-US |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205154618/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/priya-o-priya/k2WZUAZbWm8_ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 30:36
| title1 = Kammani Kalalaku (Priya O Priya)
| length1 = 5:26
| lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]], [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| title2 = Sweet Dreams
| length2 = 5:11
| lyrics2 = [[Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma]]
| extra2 = [[Koti (composer)|Koti]], K. S. Chithra
| title3 = Chitapata Chinukula Vana
| length3 = 5:29
| lyrics3 = [[Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry]]
| extra3 = K. S. Chithra, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| title4 = Colombo Kollagotteddama
| length4 = 4:24
| lyrics4 = Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
| extra4 = Murali, [[Swarnalatha]]
| title5 = Andamaina Brundavanam
| length5 = 5:11
| lyrics5 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| title6 = Cellphone Sundari
| length6 = 4:55
| lyrics6 = Sriharsha
| extra6 = Koti, Swarnalatha
}}

== Release ==
''Priya O Priya'' was released on 26 September 1997.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=tt0827779}}
{{Muppalaneni Shiva}}
[[Category:1997 Indian films]]
[[Category:1997 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1997 films]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Koti (composer)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Muppalaneni Shiva]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]

Dammu

2026-03-03T17:43:09Z

DebraToney89: improve lead per sources and updated info

{{short description|2012 film by Boyapati Srinu}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhammu
| image = Dammu poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Poster
| director = [[Boyapati Srinu]]
| producer = [[K. S. Rama Rao]] K. A. Vallabha
| writer = '''Story''' & '''Screenplay''': Boyapati Srinu '''Dialogues''': M. Rathnam
| starring = [[N.T. Rama Rao Jr.]] [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] [[Karthika Nair]]
| music = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cinematography = [[Arthur A. Wilson]]
| editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]
| distributor = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations|Sri Venkateswara Film Distributors]] (Nizam)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zustcinema.com/2011/12/dil-raju-releasing-dammu-racha.html |title=Dil Raju releasing Dammu & Racha ~ Telugu Cinema News Updates |publisher=Zustcinema.com |access-date=31 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215205514/http://www.zustcinema.com/2011/12/dil-raju-releasing-dammu-racha.html |archive-date=15 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Ficus Inc. (Overseas)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/usschedules/dammu.html |title=NTR's "Dammu" Overseas by Ficus |publisher=idlebrain.com |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>
| studio = [[Creative Commercials]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|4|27}}
| runtime = 155 minutes<ref name=bbfc>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/dammu-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0znzmxnje|title=DAMMU|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| gross = ₹35 crores [[Box office#Distributor rentals|distributors' share]]
}}
'''''Dhammu'''''{{efn|Alternatively spelt ''Dammu''.}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhammu |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Dhammu/0G551NJ31DCC38VTM088G1763U}}</ref> ({{Translation|Guts}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action drama film]] co-written and directed by [[Boyapati Srinu]]. The film stars [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]], [[Karthika Nair]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Rahul Dev]], [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Suman (actor)|Suman]], [[Brahmanandam]], [[Ali (actor)|Ali]], [[Bhanupriya]], [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] and [[Venu Thottempudi]].

''Dhammu'' was released theatrically on 27 April 2012 and received mixed to negative reviews from critics who praised cast performance and action sequences, but criticized its screenwriting, excessive violence, and double-meaning dialogues. The film was unofficially remade in [[Cinema of Bangladesh|Bengali (Bangladesh)]] as ''[[Rajababu - The Power]]'' starring [[Shakib Khan]], [[Apu Biswas]] and [[Eamin Haque Bobby|Bobby]]. The film was dubbed into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] titled ''Singamagan''.

==Plot==
[[Rama|Rama Chandra]] is an [[Orphans in India|orphan]] who leads a simple life along with his friend. He falls in love with Sathya, who is a rich girl. Sathya imposes a condition that Rama Chandra's family history should be important. At this very moment, Rama Chandra learns that a rich and powerful royal [[Solar dynasty|Suryavamsi]] family seeks to adopt an heir, where he seizes the chance.

Rama Chandra goes there and realizes that Suryavamsi family has a violent past and a bitter dispute with another rich and powerful royal [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamsi]] family headed by a Chandravamsi King and also realizes that thousands of people in the area are now dependent on him for their very survival. Rama Chandra also discovers that he is actually the real heir to the family and his real name is Raja Vasireddy Vijayadwaja Srisimha. It is revealed he was the biological son of the Suryavamsi family who was taken away from birth as secret to protect him from Chandravamsi forces and was renamed as Rama Chandra. Despite his hatred towards violence, Vijaya tries his best to solve the problems peacefully, but the rival gang does not give him a chance. Vexed with the violence, Vijaya returns and beats up Chandravamsi's king eldest son men before injuring the latter. His middle son later kills him. Now Vijaya is the heir of Suryavamsi family. However, when Chandravamsi's king youngest son killed Vijaya's brother-in-law when Vijaya thwarted him, a grief stricken and enraged Vijaya kills Chandravamsi's king youngest son and his men in retaliation. As Vijaya returned home, a police officer beats him up until he was stopped by Raja of Veera Durgam fotg. He revealed about Vijaya true identity. Now Vijaya arrived at Chandravamsi's king house and attack Chandravamsi's king middle son and his men before he opens the Chandravamsi King's eyes by placing a sword on his middle son. Chandravamsi King realizes that his mistakes and apologizes to Vijaya and the family, thus ending the violent nature of the village.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]] as [[Rama|Rama Chandra]] / [[Raja]] Vasireddy Vijayadwaja Srisimha
* [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] as Sathya
* [[Karthika Nair]] as Neelaveni
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravamsi]] King
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Jaanaki
* [[Bhanupriya]] as Rama Chandra's mother
* [[Venu Thottempudi]] as Rama Chandra's brother-in-law
* [[Abhinaya (actress)|Abhinaya]] as Rama Chandra's first elder sister
* [[Hari Teja]] as Rama Chandra's second elder sister
* Chitralekha as Rama Chandra's third elder sister
* [[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as [[Solar dynasty|Suryavamsi]] King/Raja Surya Pratap Singh
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Raja of Veera Durgam Fort
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Neelaveni's father
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Rama Chandra's friend
* [[Rahul Dev]] as [[Andhra Pradesh Police|Police Officer]]
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Chandravamsi King's elder son
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Chandravamsi King's second son
* Sridhar Rao as Chandravamsi King's third son
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Head Priest
* [[Chalapathi Rao]] as Krishnam Raju
* [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] as Sathya's father
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Chandravamsi King's henchmen
* [[Snigdha (actress)|Snigdha]] as Sathya's friend
* Kolla Ashok Kumar as Rama Chandra's servant
* [[Chatrapathi Sekhar]]
* [[Prasad Babu]]
* [[Shanoor Sana]] as [[Kaikeyi]]
* Sandhya Janak<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/tollywoods-favorite-mommy-sandhya-janak/articleshow/13034616.cms|title=Tollywood's favorite mommy|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=8 May 2012|access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>
* [[Rahul Mahajan]] (uncredited appearance)
* [[Maryam Zakaria]] as [[item number]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
''Dhammu'' has music scored by [[M. M. Keeravani]]. [[Shruti Hassan]], who was originally signed to play the female lead, walked out citing date issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Shruti-Haasan-walks-out-of-Dammu/articleshow/10389054.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019123415/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-18/news-interviews/30289755_1_shruti-haasan-film-dammu|url-status=live|archive-date=19 October 2011|title=Shruti Haasan walks out of Dammu|author=Suresh Kavirayani|access-date=18 October 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=18 October 2011}}</ref> Later the producers approached [[Kajal Aggarwal]] who also couldn't accommodate bulk dates for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kajal-opposite-ntr-in-dammu-news-news-lktqsqabcca.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023005141/http://www.sify.com/movies/kajal-opposite-ntr-in-dammu-news-news-lktqsqabcca.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 October 2011|title=Kajal opposite NTR in Dammu!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=19 October 2011}}</ref> The producers finalised [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] as the first female lead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/trisha-salvages-career-081|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102081133/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/tollywood/trisha-salvages-career-081|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 November 2011|title=Trisha salvages career|publisher=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2 November 2011}}</ref> According to reports, Bhanupriya, Kota Srinivasa Rao, [[Venu Thottempudi]] and [[Subhalekha Sudhakar]] play supporting roles.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Dammu
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Album cover
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|3|29}}
| recorded = 2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 29:32
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = Vel records [[Sony Music Entertainment]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/lk/album/dhammu-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/579963296|title=Dhammu (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref>
| producer = [[M. M. Keeravani]]
| prev_title = [[Rajanna]]
| prev_year = 2011
| next_title = [[Eega]]
| next_year = 2012
}}

The soundtrack of the film was released on 29 March 2012 at [[Shilpakala Vedika]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]. [[M. M. Keeravani]]'s music label, Vel Records, and [[Sony Music Entertainment]] secured the film's audio rights. The lyrics for all the songs were written by [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]].

{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline = Tracklist
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length = 29:32
| title1 = Sound of Vel
| note1 = Instrumental
| length1 = 00:46
| title2 = O Lily
| note2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = [[Baba Sehgal]]
| length2 = 04:30
| title3 = Ruler (Movie Version)
| note3 =
| extra3 = Prudhvi Chandra, [[L. V. Revanth|Revanth]], [[Sahiti G|Sahiti]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| length3 = 04:55
| title4 = Raja Vasi Reddy
| note4 =
| extra4 = [[M. M. Keeravani]], Krishna Chaithanya
| length4 = 04:44
| title5 = Vaastu Bagunde Baby
| note5 =
| extra5 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]], Shivani
| length5 = 04:32
| title6 = Dhammu
| note6 =
| extra6 = Rahul Sipligunj, Sravana Bhargavi, Shivani
| length6 = 04:21
| title7 = Ruler (CD Version)
| note7 =
| extra7 = [[M. M. Keeravani]], [[Geetha Madhuri]]
| length7 = 05:44
}}

==Release ==
The Telugu and Tamil versions released on 27 April 2012. ''Dammu'' released on approximately 2550 screens worldwide which was a record in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]].It released in approx of 140+ theatres in [[Karnataka]] which is considered to be a record by out of state movie.<ref name="IBN">{{cite news|title=Dammu release in Karnataka may pose threat to Kannada films|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dammu-release-may-pose-threat-kannada-films/252739-71-176.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502004932/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/dammu-release-may-pose-threat-kannada-films/252739-71-176.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2012|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=27 April 2012|access-date=27 April 2012}}</ref>

===Critical reception===
B.V.S. Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote "''Dhammu'' (Valour), as one of the Telugu films that made high on action and low on contents".<ref>{{cite web|author=B.V.S. Prakash |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/movie-reviews/dammu-review-jr-ntr-still-angry-young-man-507 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501094546/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/showbiz/movie-reviews/dammu-review-jr-ntr-still-angry-young-man-507 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 May 2012 |title=Dammu review: Jr NTR still the angry young man |work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 April 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote "Boyapati uses the same formula of Tollywood action movies with good dialogues, high voltage fight sequences and wraps ups with interesting twist and NTR's charged up performance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/dammu-review-review-telugu-14997425.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421222651/http://www.sify.com/movies/dammu-review-review-telugu-14997425.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 April 2014 |title=Movie Review:Dammu review |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

Radhika Rajamani of ''[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Director Boyapati Seenu's new film Dammu has an outdated and clichéd storyline, regressive content, and mindless and excessive violence".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-dammu-is-for-ntr-jr-fans/20120427.htm |title=Review: Dammu is strictly for NTR Jr fans – Rediff.com Movies |work=Rediff.com |date=27 April 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

===Box office===

===Home media===
The satellite and digital rights were sold to [[Zee Telugu]] and [[ZEE5]] for {{INRConvert|6.6|c}}, the highest buy-over for any film in 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140507075201/http://timesofap.com/cinema/dammu-satellite-rights-6-6-crores-bagged-by-zee-tv.html Dammu Satellite Rights 6.6 Crores Bagged by Zee TV – Timesofap]. timesofap.com</ref>

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
||[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role
|[[Bhanupriya]]
|{{nom}}
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=2294567}}

{{Boyapati Srinu}}

[[Category:2012 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 masala films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. M. Keeravani]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Boyapati Srinu]]
[[Category:2012 action films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian adventure drama films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Films about orphans]]
[[Category:Hindu mythological films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]

Karam (2025 film)

2026-03-03T09:35:14Z

DebraToney89: creating new details

{{Short description|2025 Indian-Malayalam language action film}}
{{For|the 2005 Hindi-language film|Karam (2005 film)}}
{{Other uses|Karam (disambiguation){{!}}Karam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karam
| image = Karam 2025.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]]
| writer = [[Noble Babu Thomas]]
| producer = {{ubl|[[Visakh Subramaniam]]|Vineeth Sreenivasan}}
| starring = {{ubl|Noble Babu Thomas|[[Ivan Vukomanović]]|Audrey Miriam Henest|[[Manoj K. Jayan]]|Reshma Sebastian}}
| cinematography = [[Jomon T. John]]
| editing = [[Ranjan Abraham]]
| music = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| studio = {{ubl|[[Merryland Studio|Merryland Cinemas]]|Habit of Life}}
| distributor = Merryland Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|2025|09|25|df=y}}
| runtime = 126 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2025 |title=''Karam'' (2025) |url=https://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/C5E6433500350DDC |access-date=23 September 2025 |website=[[Irish Film Classification Office]]}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR}}30 crore 
| gross = {{INR}}2.4 crore
}}
'''''Karam''''' ({{Translation|Hand of God}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action film|action]] [[thriller film]] directed by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and written by [[Noble Babu Thomas]]. The film stars Noble Babu Thomas, [[Ivan Vukomanović|Ivan Vukomanovic]], Audrey Miriam Henest, Reshma Sebastian, [[Manoj K. Jayan]], [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]], and [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karam: Noble Babu Thomas is seen in the second trailer racing against the clock to save those he loves |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/karam-noble-babu-thomas-is-seen-in-the-second-trailer-racing-against-the-clock-to-save-those-he-loves/b150d1a9e2922 |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=[[OTT Play]]}}</ref> It is produced by [[Visakh Subramaniam]] and Vineeth Sreenivasan under [[Merryland Studio|Merryland Cinemas]] and Habit of Life. The soundtrack is composed by [[Shaan Rahman]].<ref name="tnie">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's next titled Karam, first look out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Jul/16/vineeth-sreenivasans-next-titled-karam-first-look-out |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="m">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title='Karam' first look out: Vineeth Sreenivasan, Noble Babu Thomas reunite for intense thriller |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/karam-first-look-out-vineeth-sreenivasan-noble-babu-thomas-reunite-for-intense-thriller-hj1azqov |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref>

''Karam'' was released on 25 September 2025 to negative reviews from critics and audience who deemed it as the weakest film of Vineeth as a director and was a [[box-office bomb]], making it as the biggest failure of Vineeth's career.

== Plot ==
{{expand section|date=November 2025}}
Former [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian military]] officer Dev Mahendran and his family find themselves in a perilous situation in a foreign country, Lenarco, during an international conference.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Noble Babu Thomas]] as Dev Mahendran
* [[Ivan Vukomanović]] as André Nicola
* [[Manoj K. Jayan]] as Mahendran, Dev's father
* Audrey Miriam Henest as Sana Abdullah
* Reshma Sebastian as Thara
* [[Shweta Menon]] as [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Dr.]] Nandita Bose, Minister of External Affairs and Mahendran's ex-girlfriend
* [[Baburaj (actor)|Baburaj]] as Rosario
* [[Kalabhavan Shajohn]] as Kamal Muhammed
* [[Sudev Nair]] as Sinto
* Vishnu G. Varrier as Bato
* [[Johny Antony]] as Abdullah, Sana's father
* [[Redin Kingsley]] as Bhaskar
* Vineeth Vasudevan as Amrit
* Joji Mundakayam as Murali
* Nazhan Bin Najmal as Ayaan
* John Kaippallil as Salman Basheer
* Rimmi Singh as Sana's mother
* Vettai Muthukumar as Selvam
}}

==Production==
Filming took place across [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] and along the borders of [[Russia]] and [[Azerbaijan]]. Filming also briefly took place in [[Shimla]], [[Chandigarh]] and [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Anindita |date=2025-07-17 |title=Karam First Look Out: Vineeth Sreenivasan's Film To Release On THIS Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/karam-first-look-out-vineeth-sreenivasans-film-to-release-on-this-date-aa-9447166.html |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[CNN-News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan thriller debut 'Karam' first look poster out, see release date |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/07/16/vineeth-sreenivasan-thriller-debut-karam-first-look-poster-out-see-release-date.html |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Karam
| type = film
| artist = [[Shaan Rahman]]
| released = September, 2025
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 9m 34s
| label = [[Saregama]]
| prev_title = [[Written & Directed by God]]
| prev_year = 2025
}}

The film's music is composed [[Shaan Rahman]] with the lyrics written by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and Anu Elizabeth Jose. The music distribution rights have been acquired by [[Saregama]].

=== Track listing ===
{{tracklisting|
| headline = Karam Original music listing
| total_length = 9:34
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Al Malik
| extra1 = Harib Hussain, Anila Rajeev
| lyrics1 = Vineeth Sreenivasan, Shaan Rahman
| length1 = 2:53
| title2 = Welcome to Lenarco
| extra2 = Harishankar K. S., Isabel George, Megisha, Annet Xavier, Arundathi P.
| lyrics2 = Anu Elizabeth Jose
| length2 = 3:40
| title3 = Uyarnnu Vaa
| extra3 = Fejo, Vineeth Sreenivasan
| lyrics3 = [[Fejo (rapper)|Fejo]], Vineeth Sreenivasan
| length3 = 3:01
}}

==Release==
''Karam'' was released in theatres on 25 September 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title='Karam' first look out: Vineeth Sreenivasan promises a fresh action thriller |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/07/17/karam-first-look-out-vineeth-sreenivasan-movie-thriller.html |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|OnManorama]]}}</ref>, released in [[United Kingdom]] on 27 September 2025 and on 29 September 2025 in [[Ireland]].

''Karam'' was released on [[manoramaMAX]] OTT on 7 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan’s ‘Karam’ set for OTT release |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/06/karam-movie-ott-release.html |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Vineeth Sreenivasan’s ‘Karam’ set for OTT release |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-03 |title='Karam' OTT: Where and when to watch the Noble Babu Thomas starrer online |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/karam-ott-where-and-when-to-watch-the-noble-babu-thomas-starrer-online/articleshow/125061830.cms |access-date=2025-11-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Anjali |date=2025-11-05 |title=Malayalam OTT releases this week: From Bad Girl to Karam — check list of new movies, web series to watch online |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/malayalam-ott-releases-this-week-from-bad-girl-to-karam-check-list-of-new-movies-web-series-to-watch-online-11762332786488.html |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>

===Distribution===
[[Merryland Studio|Merryland Cinemas]] distributed the film in India. Phars Film acquired the overseas distribution rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's 'Karam' to hit screens on September 25 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vineeth-sreenivasans-karam-to-hit-screens-on-september-25/articleshow/122595532.cms |access-date=2025-08-05 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
S.R. Praveen of [[The Hindu|''The Hindu'']] called the film "a staid, emotionally hollow film with nothing new to say".<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam movie review: A staid, emotionally hollow film with nothing new to say |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karam-movie-review-a-staid-emotionally-hollow-film-with-nothing-new-to-say/article70093058.ece |access-date=26 September 2025 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Anandu Suresh of [[The Indian Express|''The Indian Express'']] gave 1 out of 5 stars, writing "If there's anything that has backfired as much as Vineeth Sreenivasan's direction and Noble Babu Thomas's writing, it's Shaan Rahman's music that has failed to do justice to the movie".<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan film is let down by extremely shoddy writing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/karam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasan-film-is-let-down-by-extremely-shoddy-writing-10269974/lite/ |access-date=26 September 2025 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref> Swathi P Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' observed that despite some strong performances, the film "struggles to hold attention and never rises above mediocrity".<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan, Noble Babu Thomas starrer review |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/09/25/karam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasan-noble-babu-thomas.html |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> Vishal Menon of [[The Hollywood Reporter|''The Hollywood Reporter'']] wrote "It’s not that one feels Vineeth is incapable of handling serious topics with real style. He’s done that in ''Thira'' before this and even in parts of ''Jacobinte Swargarajyam''. But with ''Karam'', he’s made a film that’s so out of his zone that we’re made to absorb the full weight of his discomfort. Of all the things you’d taken for granted in a Vineeth Sreenivasan film, heart or ''hridayam'' is strangely what’s missing most in Karam".<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam Movie Review: A Generic Lifeless Action Movie Written Around Genre Clichés |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/karam-movie-review-a-generic-lifeless-action-movie-written-around-genre-cliches/amp |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=Hollywood Reporter India}}</ref>

Anna Mathews of [[The Times of India|''The Times of India'']] gave 1.5 out of 5 stars, writing "It’s a shame that while the film does not skint on production values, the script and characters are so badly written that it is difficult to watch it unfold on screen".<ref>{{cite news |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/karam/movie-review/124120484.cms |access-date=26 September 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Vignesh Madhu of [[The New Indian Express|''The New Indian Express'']] gave 2 out of 5 stars, writing "Technically polished but narratively hollow, Karam is a thriller that forgets the thrill".<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2025 |title=Karam movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan flounders in his return to thrillers |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2025/Sep/26/malayalamreview2025sep25karam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasan-flounders-in-his-return-to-thrillers |access-date=26 September 2025 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Sanjith Sidhardhan of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars, writing "Director Vineeth Sreenivasan’s latest movie ''Karam'', despite minimal promotions, had fans hoping it would showcase a different side of his filmmaking, akin to his 2013 thriller ''Thira''. The latter, despite receiving mixed reactions at the box office, has since become a cult hit, so it’s only natural that expectations for ''Karam'' were high. But does the film live up to them? Not quite".<ref>{{cite web |date=25 September 2025 |title=Karam movie review: Vineeth Sreenivasan’s thriller disappoints with its generic treatment |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/karam-movie-review-vineeth-sreenivasans-thriller-disappoints-with-its-generic-treatment/27bc0abd03663 |access-date=26 September 2025 |website=OTTplay}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|32638279|Karam}}
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shaan Rahman]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Georgia (country)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Russia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chandigarh]]

Dil Dosti Duniyadari

2026-02-25T05:43:18Z

DebraToney89: started page.

{{Short description|Indian television sitcom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Dil Dosti Duniyadari.jpeg
| image_size =
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| alt_name = 3D
| genre = [[Sitcom]]
| creator = {{Plain list|
* [[Sanjay Jadhav]]
* Ashish Pathare}}
| writer = [[Manaswini Lata Ravindra]]
| story = [[Sanjay Jadhav]]
| screenplay = Ashish Pathare
| director = Adwait Dadarkar
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_episodes = 301
| producer = {{Plain list|
* [[Sanjay Jadhav]]
* Deepak Rane
}}
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Dreaming 24/7 Productions
| first_aired = {{Start date|2015|03|09|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2016|02|20|df=y}}
| related = ''[[Dil Dosti Dobara]]''
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
}}

'''''Dil Dosti Duniyadari''''' is a [[Marathi television]] [[sitcom]] produced by [[Sanjay Jadhav]] and Deepak Rane. It started airing on [[Zee Marathi]] from 9 March 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sanjay-jadhavs-new-duniyadari/articleshow/46341981.cms|title=Sanjay Jadhav's new duniyadari - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref> It revolves around six friends living as [[paying guest]]s in [[Mumbai]] with the home owner's nephew Sujay, in a house they affectionately call "Mazghar".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/regional/zee-marathi-extends-its-prime-time-with-dil-dosti-duniyadaari-150310?page=6|title=Zee Marathi extends its prime time with 'Dil Dosti Duniyadaari'|website=Indian Television|access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref> The serial's first season concluded on 20 February 2016. The series second season, ''[[Dil Dosti Dobara]]'', was a reboot sequel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/dil-dosti-duniyadari-completes-200-episodes/articleshow/49644668.cms|title=Dil Dosti Duniyadari completes 200 episodes - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref>

== Premise ==
''Dil Dosti Duniyadari'' is a journey of six friends, all of different shades and colours. Meenal, Sujay, Kaivalya, Anna, Ashutosh and Reshma not only share the same flat but also share their lives with each other. All of them have come to Mumbai with a reason of their own. When destiny brings them together, it becomes a mad man’s world to live in. Each day brings about a new set of fun-filled expeditions for them. No matter how bad the situation is they always stand by each other. The life in this house is no less than a roller coaster ride of emotions. These six individuals have now found family away from family. From here, begins a journey of evolving relationships, changing dreams, heartbreaks, and countless moments of pain and joy. But most of all, an unending journey of lifelong friendship.

== Plot ==
The plot of the Dil Dosti Duniyadari serial begins with a newly married Reshma who leaves her home in Akola to settle with her husband Rakesh. When she reaches Mumbai, she is heartbroken when she finds out that Rakesh has a girlfriend and was married to her unwillingly, upon receiving threats from his father. Reshma leaves the house and does not know what to do with her dreams crushed.

Another girl, Meenal, discovers Reshma abandoned and befriends her. She introduces Reshma to her flatmates. Initially, they are reluctant to receive her, but soon bond with her mainly because Reshma is a talented cook. The story showcases the friends in various situations, exploring their emotions to the fullest extent, and each one learns something new about life. Reshma changes as her friends teach her to live life full of freedom. Reshma and her friends decide not to tell her family the truth, at least until Reva, her younger sister, is married. Rakesh comes to respect Reshma.

The show concludes when Reshma, Rakesh, Nisha, and their friends reach Akola to attend Reva's marriage. When the marriage is done, Reshma and her friends reveal the truth in front of everyone. Rakesh's father threatens his son to abandon Nisha, but Rakesh, who is also influenced by Reshma's friends, no longer buckles and strongly asserts himself. Reshma tells the truth to her parents, who understand her. Reshma father asks her to stay with him. The friends become emotional when they come to know that Reshma will not be returning with them, who parts ways with her. Reshma reunites with her friends, saying that she would be starting a new life with them, with her father's permission. The friends become overjoyed and enjoy each other's company. The final scene is when all six friends happily step on the platform of Dadar Station in Mumbai.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Suvrat Joshi]] as Sujay Sathe (Scholar) - A scholarly intellectual who works in an [[IT]] corporate sector and has migrated from [[Pune]]. Sujay is the 'know-it-all' of the house as well as the second eldest member of Mazghar. He is very strict about manners, money, and discipline, but at the same time, he cares for all his friends and stands with them in need. He has a sister Piyu, who has schizophrenia, because of which he is overprotective of her. The house, Mazghar, in which all the friends live, is his Kaka's investment flat.
* [[Amey Wagh]] as Kaivalya Karkhanis (KK) - A boy from a rich business family who has fled from there to pursue his dreams. He aspires to be a great singer and [[music composer]] one day and wants to show his father the real worth of music. Kaivalya is as proud as a peacock, and has a sarcastic sense of humour but is willing to undertake any task for his friends. Piyu had a crush on him. Kaivalya has a strained relationship with his businessman father, Vasant Karkhanis. However, Vasant reconciles with his son and allows him to live life the way he wants. Also Kaivalya is the only one in "Mazghar" who knows about Aashu's criminal past.
* [[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]] as Aashutosh Shivalkar (Aashu, Bunny) - An unemployed youngster who hails from [[Yavatmal]], he's the eldest member of "Mazghar". He works as a clown for a party organizer to earn his livelihood. Kinjal is the love of his life, who is Gujarati. He always borrows money from his friends and other people, and never repays them. He speaks poor English but tries hard to learn. He is the butt of the jokes and is considered goofy and cowardly. But despite his lighthearted surface, he hides a very dark past. He is a former dreaded gangster who worked in the mafia, but he grew disgusted with these criminal activities and decided to redeem himself. He often tells stories of his childhood friend Pamya and forgets each time that he has told everyone about Pamya.
* Pooja Thombre as Anna Mathews - A Catholic girl who is originally from [[Vasai]] and works in the fashion industry. She is innocent and naive, being the youngest of all tenants, due to which she is a soft target for others to ridicule. She had a sad childhood with quarrelling parents. Her parents don't believe in her ambition, regardless of which she is working her way out to prove herself to her family and live her dreams.
* [[Swanandi Tikekar]] as Meenal Shevale - A headstrong girl who has left her home in [[Kolhapur]] to become an actress. She is a very open-minded girl and is quite confident about herself. She depicts an independent and opinionated twenty-first-century city girl. Although she presents herself as strong and confident, she carries the grief of having been neglected, along with her three younger sisters, by their chauvinistic father. This experience shaped her into a fiercely independent radical feminist. During her work on a play, she fell in love with its director, Kabir, only to face heartbreak when he eloped with the woman he had truly loved all along.
* [[Sakhi Gokhale]] as Reshma Rakesh Inamdar (Patil) - She is the newest and only married member of "Mazghar". A young housewife from [[Akola]] who comes to stay with the others after realising that her husband has married her only for pleasing his strict father, and therefore material gain. In reality, he secretly loves a North Indian girl called Nisha. Dismal and heartbroken, she starts living with the other tenants. With her new friends, she uncovers various aspects of life that she never encountered. She is a talented cook and Aashu considers her as a sister. She has also pursued a masters degree in English language and used to write short stories before marriage which had even been selected for a competition in Edinburgh. However, she chose to prioritise her marriage over her writing career.

=== Recurring ===
* Pankaj Khamkar as Rakesh Jagannath Inamdar - Reshma's estranged husband, also from [[Akola]]. He is blackmailed by his father, Jagannath Inamdar, that he can only marry a woman of his ''Baba's'' choice, or any other ''Maharashtrian'' woman. If he disobeyed, his father would refuse to give him property for his married life. So Jagannath arranges his son's marriage to a girl called Reshma Patil who happens to be in the same city and arranges property for both to live in Mumbai. However, Jagannath nor Reshma have any idea that Rakesh is cheating them by having secret extramarital affairs with a North Indian girl called Nisha. Rakesh is very intelligent, rich, and good at his work, but as a person very selfish, greedy, materialistic, and inconsiderate with Reshma. She believes that Rakesh would finally realize his mistake and come back to her, but her roommates loathe and disdain him. Nevertheless, they still tolerate his antics by never closing the door on Rakesh whenever he comes to Mazghar to visit his wife. Rakesh fears Aashutosh the most, as he once beat him up and hung him upside down a ceiling fan when he berated Reshma. Reshma gives up on Rakesh eventually and accepts him as a platonic friend.
* Kiran Nivalkar as Sam - Owner of a food joint and is a friend of the tenants. He has a crush on Pragalbha. His dreams of living his life with Pragalbha are finally fulfilled nearing the end of the series when Kaivalya's tricks make her fall in love with Sam.
* Suvedha Desai as Kinjal - Aashu's English tutor and his love interest. She is a Gujarati.
* Rucha Apte as Supriya Sathe (Piyu) - Sujay's younger sister who has a crush on Kaivalya. She was hidden by Sujay on the grounds that she had a severe mental illness but later revealed. Sujay lovingly calls her bachcha. Doctors confirm that Piyu will gradually recover from her mental condition and return to normal. She is the only one around whom Sujay behaves like a child.
* Shweta Ambikar as Reva Patil - Reshma's younger sister who lives in Akola with her parents. She later marries her boyfriend Ketan.
* Rasika Vengurlekar as Pragalbha Nagaonkar - Daughter of the society's strict secretary Mr. Nagaonkar. She is eccentric and aberrant who frequently changes her love interest from Sujay and Kaivalya, none of which is actually true. In the end, she ended up starting a true relationship with Sam.
*Manjiri Pupala as Nisha - A cool and collected North Indian girl, she is Rakesh's love and girlfriend whom he lives with. Jagannath refuses to give property to Rakesh if he marries someone 'off-limits', therefore he doesn't marry her and Reshma instead.
* Nikam Ajji - Their amiable next door neighbor ''Ajji'' who pays them occasional visits. She possesses sharp wit, kindness and is young at heart. She is fond of acting, old songs and ''[[Shayari|shayaris]]''. She taught Kaivalya to make ''[[Jhunka|pithla]].''
* Anushka (Anu) - Nikam Ajji's granddaughter, full of mischief and has a keen interest in the internet and electronics.
* Malu Kaku - Meenal's neighbour of her childhood home.
* Pradnesh - The neighbor next door, who has a personality similar to Sujay, is a student and occasionally visits them.
* Mansi Vahini - Nikam Ajji's daughter-in-law and Anushka's mother, a delightful and warm-hearted individual, is consistently occupied yet finds time to seek assistance from Mazghar for English-related matters. She encourages the members to initiate English Speaking Classes, showcasing her amiable and sweet nature, characteristic of a typical Maharashtrian neighbor.
* [[Lalit Prabhakar]] as Kabir - A play director who casts Meenal in his plays. He is stern and frequently reprimands Meenal for her inability to cry during sad scenes, therefore the inability to act well. Meenal falls in love with him later, but Kabir is actually married.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/bol-mb-lalit-prabhakar-enters-in-dil-dosti-duniyadari-as-director-kabir-5188872-pho.html|title=आदित्य बनला कबीर, ललित प्रभाकरची एंट्री झाली ‘दिल दोस्ती दुनियादारी’मध्ये|website=Divya Marathi|language=mr|access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref>
* Sayali Phatak as Chinmayee Chaudhari (Chinu) - Meenal's friend. She hails from Dhule and wants to be a filmmaker. The roomies helped her to make a documentary on bachelors living in Mumbai. She halted in Mazghar for a week for her college submission of the same documentary.
* Atul Kasava as Mr. Nagaonkar - The grumpy and sarcastic secretary of the housing society who views strange and unusual situations with a strong cynical eye.

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Awards 2015]]
! Category
! Role
! Recipient
|-
|Best Siblings
|Ashutosh-Reshma
|[[Pushkaraj Chirputkar]]-[[Sakhi Gokhale]]
|-
|Best Family
|Majghar Family
|
|-
|Best Title Song
|
|
|}

=== Special episode (1 hour) ===
* 22 March 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/high-tvt-surprises-ameya/articleshow/46877524.cms|title=High TVT surprises Ameya - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-11-21}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.zee5.com/tvshows/details/dil-dosti-duniyadaari/0-6-183 ''Dil Dosti Duniyadari''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{IMDb title|tt10235926}}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:2015 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2016 Indian television series endings]]

Courser (horse)

2026-02-24T22:18:20Z

DebraToney89: quick add citations for accuracy

{{Short description|Type of warhorse}}
[[File:AberdeenBestiaryFolio008rTigerDetail.jpg|right|thumb|350 px|This 12th century depiction of a knight on horseback might show a courser.]]
A '''courser''' is a swift and strong horse, frequently used during the [[Middle Ages]] as a [[Horses in warfare|warhorse]]. It was ridden by [[knight]]s and [[Man-at-arms|men-at-arms]].

==Etymology==
Coursers are commonly believed to be named for their running [[gait]],<ref name="Oakeshott">[[Ewart Oakeshott|Oakeshott, Ewart]]. ''A Knight and his Horse'', Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998</ref> (from Old French ''cours'', 'to run'<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 10th Ed, 1999</ref>). However, the word possibly derived from the Italian ''corsiero'', meaning 'battle horse'.<ref name="Hyland2">[[Ann Hyland|Hyland, Ann]]. ''The Warhorse 1250-1600'', UK: Sutton Publishing, 1998</ref>

==Coursers in warfare==
Coursers, occurring more commonly than [[destrier]]s,<ref name="Prestwich">[[Michael Prestwich|Prestwich, Michael]]. ''Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience'', New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996,</ref> were used in [[Medieval warfare|battle]], as they were light, fast and strong.<ref name="Oakeshott"/> They were valuable horses, but less expensive than the highly prized destriers.<ref name="Gravett">[[Christopher Gravett|Gravett, Christopher]]. ''English Medieval Knight 1300-1400'', Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002, p 59</ref> Another horse commonly ridden during war was the [[rouncey]], an all-purpose horse.

==Other uses==
Coursers were also used occasionally for [[Medieval hunting|hunting]].<ref name="Hyland2"/>

==See also==
*[[Horses in the Middle Ages]]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Medieval warfare]]
[[Category:Warhorses]]
[[Category:Types of horse]]

Tanglish

2026-02-23T07:45:08Z

DebraToney89: typo fix

{{short description|Mixing of Tamil and English languages}}
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Taglish]], [[Tenglish]], or [[Tinglish]], macaronic languages of English with Tagalog, Telugu, and Thai, respectively.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Tanglish
| altname = Thanglish
| region = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[SE Asia]], [[North America]]
| ethnicity = [[Tamils|Tamil]]
| familycolor = mixed
| fam1 = mixed [[Tamil language|Tamil]]–[[English language|English]]
| script = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| iso3 = None
}}
'''Tanglish''' refers to the [[macaronic]] [[code-mixing]] or [[code-switching]] of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[South Asian English|English]] languages, in the context of colloquial [[spoken language]]. In the context of colloquial [[written language]], ''Tanglish'' refers to the [[transliteration]] of Tamil text in English alphabet (''Roman Tamil''), with extensive usage of English vocabulary.

The name is a [[portmanteau]] of Tamil and English, and has taken various forms over time. The earliest form is ''Tamilish'' (dating from 1972), then ''Tinglish'' (1974), ''Tamglish'' (1991), ''Tamlish'' (1993), ''Thanglish'' (1997), and ''Tanglish'' (1999).<ref>Lambert, James. 2018. A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity. ''English World-wide'', 39(1): 31-32. DOI: 10.1075/eww.38.3.04lam</ref>

Tanglish has become the de-facto style of Tamil spoken in urban areas of present-day [[Tamil Nadu]] as well as contemporary [[Tamil cinema]], to the extent that even words that have native colloquial equivalents are often replaced with English words.

In modern day India, since English is perceived as the [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestige language]] over Indian languages by common people, Tanglish subsequently is perceived as the [[Covert prestige|high prestige variety]] (H) of spoken Tamil, while [[Vernacular|vernacular]] colloquial Tamil (without English influence) is considered low variety (L) of spoken Tamil.

==Characteristics==
A study of code switching in everyday speech in Tamil Nadu found that English words are commonly inserted into sentences that otherwise follow Tamil [[syntax]].<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/>

A characteristic of Tanglish or Tamil-English code-switching is the addition of Tamil affixes to English words.<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> The sound "u" is added at the end of an English [[noun]] to create a Tamil noun form, as in "sound-''u''" and the words "girl-u heart-u black-u" in the lyrics of "Why This Kolaveri Di".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009>{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |title=Tamil-English Mixed Language Used in Tamilnadu |first=K. |last=Kanthimathi |issue=27 |pages=48–53 |year=2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617075649/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2009/27-6.pdf |archive-date=2012-06-17 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/28/why-this-kolaveri-di_n_1117726.html |work=Huffington Post | date=28 November 2011 | title= 'Why This Kolaveri Di': India's Latest Viral Hit |last=Rao | first=Mallika }}</ref> English [[noun]]s often are combined with Tamil [[case (grammar)|case]] markers, as in "journey-''ai''" ([[accusative case]]), "driver-''kku''" ([[dative case]], used to mean "for the driver"), and "teacher-''oḍa''" (of the teacher, [[genitive case]]). [[Verb]]s and some nouns from the English language are converted to Tamil verb forms by adding Tamil verbalizers that indicate [[Grammatical_mood|verb mood]]. For example, the Tamil verb "''paṇṇu''" ([[imperative mood]] "do") is added to the English verb "drive", resulting in "drive ''paṇṇu''", used to mean "do the driving".<ref name=Kanthimathi2009/> Another pattern that has been noted by speakers or observers of Tanglish is the addition of the syllable "-fy" at the end of a Tamil word (e.g., ''maatti''-fy, ''Kalaachi''-fy).<ref name=EnterTang/><ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1841gs_pandiyanaadu-making-of-fy-fy-fy-kalaachify-song_music Music composed by D.Imman "''Fy Fy Fy Kalaachify''" by Remya Nambeesan from the film "''Pandiya Naadu''"]</ref>

=== Examples ===

The below examples show how [[code-mixing]] is done with English in Spoken Tamil. In terms of vocabulary, the major differences between formal, colloquial and anglicised Tamil is that, formal Tamil tends to draw most of its vocabulary from Pure Tamil (செந்தமிழ், inspired from [[Old Tamil]]), colloquial Tamil (கொடுந்தமிழ்) has significant number of loanwords from [[Prakrit]] & [[Sanskrit]], and Tanglish replaces a large amount of nouns and verbs with English words.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of Tamil Registers
! S.No.
! English (ஆங்கிலம்)
! Formal Tamil (எழு‌த்து வழ‌க்கு)
! Colloquial Tamil (பேச்சு வழக்கு)
! Tanglish (தமிங்கிலம்)
|-
| 1
| Open the tap and wash your hands.
| குழாயைத் திறந்து உங்கள் கைகளைக் கழுவுங்கள்.
| கொழாய தொறந்து உங்க கைய கழுவுங்க.
| Tap-அ open பண்ணி handwash பண்ணுங்க.
|-
| 2
| Don't forget to take your book and pen to the school.
| உன்னுடைய பாடநூலையும் எழுதுகோலையும் பள்ளிக்கு எடுத்துச் செல்ல மறக்காதே.
| உன்னோட புஸ்தகத்தயும் பேனாவையும் பள்ளிக்கூடத்துக்கு எடுத்துட்டு போக மறக்காத.
| உன் book-ஐயும் pen-ஐயும் miss பண்ணாம school-உக்கு எடுத்துட்டு போ.
|-
| 3
| Farmers faced loss this year.
| இவ்வாண்டு உழவர்கள் இழப்பைச் சந்தித்தனர்.
| இந்த வருஷம் விவசாயிங்களுக்கு நஷ்டம் ஆச்சு.
| இந்த year farmers-க்கு loss ஆச்சு.
|-
| 4
| Sun rises in the east.
| கதிரவன் கிழக்கில் தோன்றுவான்.
| சூரியன் கெழக்குல உதிக்கும்.
| Sun east-ல rise ஆகும்.
|-
| 5
| Please just open the door and take your food.
| தயவுசெய்து கதவை மட்டும் திறந்து உங்கள் உணவை எடுத்துக்கொள்ளுங்கள்.
| தயவுசெஞ்சு கதவ மட்டும் தொறந்து உங்க சாப்பாட்ட எடுத்துக்கோங்க.
| Just-உ door-அ open பண்ணி உங்க food-அ எடுத்துக்கோங்க please.
|-
| 6
| I couldn't sleep all night.
| இரவு முழுவதும் எனக்கு தூக்கம் வரவில்லை.
| ராத்திரி பூராவும் எனக்கு தூக்கம் வரல.
| Night-உ full-ஆ எனக்கு தூக்கம் வரல.
|}

==Distribution==
{{Update section|date=September 2025||reason=Outdated by 1-2 decades}}

===Tamil Nadu===
The use of Tanglish is common in [[Chennai]], possibly due in part to the use of English in education. The influx of speakers of other languages (such as [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], and [[Kannada]]) to the city has also increased the importance of English as the [[lingua franca]].<ref name=TanglishRulesTheRoost>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2010/06/21&ID=Ar00202 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416211953/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_TOINEW&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOICH/2010/06/21&ID=Ar00202 |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 April 2014 |work=The Times Of India Chennai |date=21 June 2010 |page=2 |title=Tanglish rules the roost in Tamil Nadu |first=R |last=Vasundara}}</ref> In ''The Hindu'' in 2010, a student in Chennai told of the widespread use of Tanglish by teenagers in her city. She said Tanglish was "something almost every teenager in Chennai uses", but noted that her mother said Tanglish was "murdering the [Tamil] language".<ref name=EnterTang>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/nxg/Enter-Tanglish/article16371444.ece | title = Enter, Tanglish |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Narayanan |first=Hiranmayi |date=21 April 2010 | access-date=18 August 2020 }}</ref> That same year, a Tamil teacher in a matriculation school in Chennai reported that few of her students had a large enough Tamil [[vocabulary]] to be able to speak Tamil without including some words of English.<ref name=TanglishRulesTheRoost/>

Tanglish is increasingly used in advertising aimed at consumers in [[Tamil Nadu]], particularly for promotion of international products.<ref name=HinduKonjam>{{citation |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416193116/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/02/21/stories/2004022100060100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2014| title=Konjam Tamil Konjam English |last=Rangarajan| first=Malathi |newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=21 February 2004}}</ref> For example, [[Pepsi]] has mixed English with Tamil in its slogan "ullam kekkuthae more".<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hasuria Che Omar|title=The Sustainability of the Translation Field|date=2009 |isbn=978-983-42179-6-9 |page=459}}</ref> In 2004, ''The Hindu'' commented on a mobile phone advertising campaign in Chennai that used slogans that combined Tamil and English, such as "Konjam Samaiyal... Konjam Serial" and "Konjam Advice... Konjam Udaans".<ref name=HinduKonjam/> It also is common for advertising to use the Tamil language rendered in the [[English alphabet]], a trend that leads to concern that people are losing the ability to read [[Tamil script]].<ref name=HinduKonjam/>

The Tanglish lyrics of the film song "[[Why This Kolaveri Di]]", which went viral on Internet social networking sites in November 2011, have been identified as a factor in the song's popularity.<ref>{{citation |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006153710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-29/news-interviews/30453905_1_studio-and-composer-song-sony-music|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| title = Dhanush: Never expected 'Kolaveri di' to become such a rage |date= 29 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2650957.ece | title=Why this 'Why this Kolaveri'? | newspaper= The Hindu | date= 23 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=[[British Council]]|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/ten-surprising-expressions-indian-english|title=Ten surprising expressions in Indian English|author=Steven Baker|date=26 October 2015}}</ref>

===Tamil diasporas===
Use of Tanglish has been reported among Tamil-speaking immigrant populations in [[Malaysia]] and [[Canada]], particularly by young people.<ref>{{citation |url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2011/10/2/nation/9617920&sec=nation |title=Penang's link with ocean made waves |last=Vinesh |first=Derrick |newspaper=The Star |date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208175811/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2011%2F10%2F2%2Fnation%2F9617920&sec=nation |archive-date=8 December 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Between text and talk: Expertise, normativity, and scales of belonging in the Montreal Tamil diasporas | last=Das |first=Sonja Neela |type=Dissertation |publisher=University of Michigan | date=2008 | hdl=2027.42/61571 |isbn=978-0-549-98093-3 |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/61571}}</ref> [[Singapore|Singaporean]] rapper [[Yung Raja]] is known for his extensive use of Tanglish in his lyrics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.femalemag.com.sg/gallery/culture/yung-raja-rap-tamil-english-singapore-music-america-universal/ |title = Yung Raja Is Bringing His Brand Of "Tanglish" Rap To America}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|Tanglish}}
* [[Indian English]]
* [[Regional differences and dialects in Indian English]]
* [[Madras Bashai]], a related, but distinct, language variant, a slang form of Tamil used in [[Chennai]] that is a blend of Tamil with [[Indian English]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]

==References==
{{reflist}}{{interlanguage varieties}}

[[Category:Macaronic forms of English]]
[[Category:Tamil language]]

Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei

2026-02-22T08:02:56Z

DebraToney89: started a page

{{notability|date=February 2026}}
{{short description|2024 Indian drama series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Melodrama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Drama]]
| creator = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ravi Dubey]]
* [[Sargun Mehta]]
}}
| based_on =
| writer = {{Plainlist|
* Varsha Manocha
* Minakshi Gupta
}}
| director = Ajay Bhuyan
| creative_director = {{Plainlist|
* Rohit Anand
* Shweta Mishra
}}
| starring =
{{Plainlist|
* [[Ayesha Khan (Indian actress)|Ayesha Khan]]
* [[Karan Grover]]
* [[Enakshi Ganguly]]
* [[Rupinder Rupi]]
* [[Komal Sharma]]
}}
| theme_music_composer = {{Plainlist|
* Ravi Dubey
* Kevin Roy
* Himanshu Kohli
}}
| opentheme = "Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei" by Himanshu Kohli
| endtheme = "Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei" by Himanshu Kohli
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 39
| executive_producer = {{Plainlist|
* Srman Jain
* Preet Rajput
}}
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ravi Dubey]]
* [[Sargun Mehta]]
}}
| cinematography =
| editor = {{Plainlist|
* Dharmesh Patel
* Shadab Khan
}}
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 22–38 minutes
| company = Dreamiyata Entertainment
| network = [[YouTube]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|12|25|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2025|05|7|df=y}}
}}

'''''Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television drama series which aired from 25 December 2024 to 7 May 2025 on [[YouTube]]. Produced by Ravi Dubey and Sargun Mehta, it stars [[Ayesha Khan (Indian actress)|Ayesha Khan]], and [[Karan V Grover]].

== Plot ==
Ishan, a pragmatic and ambitious man, and Nikki, a free-spirited dreamer with her own set of values and desires. Will their potential relationship be overwhelmed by the weight of clashing beliefs, unresolved expectations, and unspoken resentments ? Will they find the common ground & courage to pick up the threads and mend what’s broken?

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Karan Grover]] as Ishaan
* [[Ayesha Khan (Indian actress)|Ayesha Khan]] as Nikki

=== Recurring ===
* Nirman Rishi as Ishan Dadi
* Chirag Khatri as Akshay
* Kirti Choudhary as Reema
* Kamal Dadalia as Nikki's mother
* Swati Tarar as Nikki's mami
* Tavish Gupta as Mintu
* Lokesh as Inder
* [[Enakshi Ganguly]] as Preeti
* Preet Kaur as Seema
* [[Rupinder Rupi]] as Mama
* Gunabi Maan as Binno
* [[Komal Sharma]] as Naina
* Ganni Shergil as Sanjiv
* Gurjit Channi as ACP Kapil

== Production ==
=== Release ===
In December 2024, Ravi Dubey and Sargun Mehta announced a new series titled ''Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=21 December 2024|title=Trailer of Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei, starring Ayesha Khan and Karan V Grover, released|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/trailer-of-dil-ko-rafu-karr-lei-starring-ayesha-khan-and-karan-v-grover-released/|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Tribune India]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=6 December 2024|title='Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei' show launched, Karan V Grover to share screen space with Ayesha Khan
|url=https://theprint.in/feature/dil-ko-rafu-karr-lei-show-launched-karan-v-grover-to-share-screen-space-with-ayesha-khan/2391731/|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Print]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Ayesha Khan to play female lead, Nikki.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=26 December 2025|title=Ayesha Khan: I am glad that makers are moving towards the finite show format
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/ayesha-khan-i-am-glad-that-makers-are-moving-towards-the-finite-show-format/articleshow/116678759.cms|access-date=7 October 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref> Karan V Grover was signed to play Ishan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=31 January 2025|title=Dil Ko Rafuu Kar Lei actor Karan V Grover loves 'playing intense characters'; says, "The intensity here doesn't start with tragedy - it starts with love"
|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/dil-ko-rafuu-kar-lei-actor-karan-v-grover-loves-playing-intense-characters-says-intensity-doesnt-start-tragedy-starts-love/|access-date=7 October 2024|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
!Title
!Singer
!Lyrics
!Label
|-style="background-color:#E6E6FA; color:black;"
|"Dil Ko Rafu Karr Lei"
|Himanshu Kohli
|Himanshu Kohli, Minakshi Gupta
|Dreamiyata Music
|-
|"Gediyann Na Marr Ve"
|Simran Choudhary, Navi Sran
|Happy Raikoti
|Dreamiyata Music
|}
{{legenda|#E6E6FA|Main theme song}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt35499502}}

[[Category:2024 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 web series endings]]
[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]

2019 X1 Racing League

2026-02-18T11:57:24Z

DebraToney89:

{{unreliable sources|date=January 2020}}
{{COI|date=July 2020}}

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Motorsport season|series=Indian Racing League|year=2019|previous=none|next=2022}}
The '''2019 X1 Racing League''' was the inaugural season of the [[Indian Racing League|X1 Racing League]], a professional franchise-based [[motorsport]] series in [[India]]. The league began in November 2019 with six teams.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/six-teams-30-drivers-to-take-part-in-inaugural-x1-racing-league/articleshow/72009723.cms?from=mdr|title=Six teams, 30 drivers to take part in inaugural X1 Racing League|first=Gaurav|last=Laghate|date=11 November 2019|via=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Teams and drivers==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
!Team
!Driver
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} AD Racing Delhi
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Gill]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Mathias Lauda]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Christina Nielsen]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Raghul Rangasamy
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Ashwin Datta
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} NK Racing Chennai
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Narain Karthikeyan]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Congfu Cheng]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Alice Powell]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Balu]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Yash Aradhya
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} Bangalore Racing Stars
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Maini]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Oliver Webb]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Michelle Gatting]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Nayan Chatterjee
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Vishnu Prasad
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai Falcons]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Kush Maini]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Mikkel Jensen (racing driver)|Mikkel Jensen]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Pippa Mann]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Karthik Tharani
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Sohil Shah
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Hyderabad Blackbirds|Black Birds Hyderabad]]
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Akhil Rabindra]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Vitantonio Liuzzi]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Gosia Rdest]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} [[Anindith Reddy]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Arjun Narendran
|-
| rowspan="5" |{{Flagicon|IND}} DG Racing Ahmedabad
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Krishnaraaj Mahadik
|-
|{{Flagicon|MYS}} [[Alex Yoong]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|SWI}} [[Rahel Frey]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Ameya Walavalkar
|-
|{{Flagicon|IND}} Chittesh Mandody
|}

==Calendar==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
!Round
!Circuit
!Date
|-
! rowspan="2" |1
| rowspan="2" |[[Buddh International Circuit]]
|30 November
|-
|1 December
|-
! rowspan="2" |2
| rowspan="2" |[[Madras Motor Race Track]]
|7 December
|-
|8 December
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:2019 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian motorsport]]

2024 F4 Indian Championship

2026-02-18T11:40:21Z

DebraToney89:

{{unreliable sources|date=November 2024}}
{{Short description|Motor racing championship}}
{{Motorsport season
| series = F4 Indian Championship
| year = 2024
| footer = Parent series: [[2024 Indian Racing League|Indian Racing League]]
| subheader = {{small|Drivers' Champion:}} Aqil Alibhai
}}

The '''2024 F4 Indian Championship''' was the second season of the [[F4 Indian Championship]]. It was a [[Motorsport#Motor racing|motor racing]] championship for [[Open-wheel car|open wheel]], [[Formula racing|formula racing cars]] regulated according to [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Formula 4]] regulations. The season commenced on 24 August at [[Madras International Circuit]] and concluded on 17 November at [[Kari Motor Speedway]].

==Drivers==
All cars were run by [[MP Motorsport]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bruin|first=Lois de|date=2023-06-16|title=MP Motorsport and RPPL sign multi-year Indian F4 partner deal|url=https://www.mpmotorsport.com/mp-motorsport-and-rppl-sign-multi-year-indian-f4-partner-deal/|website=MP Motorsport}}</ref>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
! Team
! {{Tooltip|No.|Car number}}
! Driver
! Class
! Rounds
|-
|rowspan=7| [[Chennai Turbo Riders]]
| 4
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chetan Korada]]<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C_QVMYkSrnx |user=chetankorada.racing |title=I am so thrilled to be driving the Indian F4 in round 2 of the Indian Racing Festival 2024 at the Chennai formula racing circuit this weekend, and being a part of my home team @chennaiturboriders feels like a blessing |date=29 August 2024 |access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref>
|
| 2
|-
| 6
| {{flagicon|IND}} Chetan Surineni
|
| 5
|-
| 24
| {{flagicon|CAN}} Hady-Noah Mimassi
|
| 4–5
|-
| 36
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-5CGBFMk32 |user=indianf4championship |title=Isaac Demellweek is ready to unleash speed with the Chennai Turbo Riders Formula 4 team at the Indian Racing Festival! |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 1–4
|-
|rowspan=2| 43
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Jayden Hamilton<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-48wDmMK8b |user=indianf4championship |title=Welcoming a rising star from Australia - Jayden Hamilton - to the 2024 F4 Indian Championship at the Indian Racing Festival! |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|
| 1
|-
| {{flagicon|IND}} Mira Erda<ref name="Erda1">{{Cite web|date=26 August 2024 |title=Mira Erda on Instagram: "Jumped in the Formula 4 car very last minute at the @indianf4championship 😍 Couldn't have asked for a better opportunity! @indianracingleagueofficial 🙌🏻"| url=https://www.instagram.com/mira_erda/p/C_ITSGSI8zK/|access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Instagram]]}}</ref>
|
| 1
|-
| 54
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dillon Zachariah<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Indian Racing League Official on Instagram: "We caught up with @iamsoumilarora for a zippy mid-season update! Who are you rooting for in Round 3 of the #IRF?" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C_4wi0eMcBw/?hl=en}}</ref>
|
| 3
|-
|rowspan=2| Bangalore Speedsters
| 5
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-7c4RvsBxX |user=indianf4championship |title=Jaden Pariat is locked in and all set to race for Bangalore Speedsters in the 2024 season of the F4 Indian Championship. |date=2024-08-21}}</ref>
|
| 1–4
|-
| 45
| {{flagicon|IND}} Abhay Mohan<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-7mVMHsNDt |user=indianf4championship |title=Abhay Mohan is revved up and geared to race for the Bangalore Speedsters in the 2024 F4 Indian Championship. |date=2024-08-21}}</ref>
|
| All
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| 7
| {{flagicon|IND}} Shriya Lohia<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-5WuB-MVo9 |user=indianf4championship |title=The ever inspiring young Shriya Lohia returns to the Indian F4 grid this season with the Hyderabad Blackbirds. |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|
| All
|-
| 47
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-5hlWlshtp |user=indianf4championship |title=We're excited to welcome Aqil Alibhai to the Hyderabad Blackbirds team for this year's F4 Indian Championship at the Indian Racing Festival! |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|
| All
|-
|rowspan=3 nowrap| Ahmedabad Apex Racers
| 9
| {{flagicon|IND}} Dhruvh Goswami
|
| 5
|-
| 44
| {{flagicon|IND}} Veer Sheth<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C--UV6bs8QK |user=indianf4championship |title=Sparks will fly on track as Veer Sheth enters the Ahmedabad Apex Racers cockpit for the F4 India Championship in the 2024 Indian Racing Festival. |date=2024-08-22}}</ref>
|
| 1–4
|-
| 55
| {{flagicon|IND}} Divy Nandan<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C_A_DvIMPLv |user=indianf4championship |title=Divy Nandan is set to blaze the tarmac for Ahmedabad Apex Racers in the F4 Indian Championship. |date=2024-08-23}}</ref>
|
| All
|-
|rowspan=5| [[Rarh Bengal Tigers (motorsport)|Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| 10
| {{flagicon|IND}} Tarun Muthiaiah<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-7XndaMMuC |user=indianf4championship |title=A rising star in Indian MotorSport, Tarun Muthiaiah has already made a name for himself with strong performances across leagues. Now he's ready to take on the challenges of the Indian F4 season at the Indian Racing Festival with the Rarh Bengal Tigers team. |date=2024-08-21}}</ref>
|
| 1–2
|-
| 23
| {{flagicon|IND}} Arjun Chheda
|
| 4
|-
| 27
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-7S-4fMJiU |user=indianf4championship |title=Ruhaan Alva joining the grid at the Indian Racing Festival once again and now with the Rarh Bengal Tigers F4 team. |date=2024-08-21}}</ref>
|
| All
|-
| 64
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel<ref name=":8" />
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 5
|-
| 65
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Esmee Kosterman]]<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C_xcLVzNjut|user=paddocksports.nl|title=Breaking news! @esmee_kosterman is making her debut in round 3 of the @indianf4championship this weekend at the Madras International Circuit! |date=2024-09-11}}</ref>
|
| 3
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Speed Demons Delhi]]
| 12
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Alba Hurup Larsen]]<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-4ilwiyHdE |user=indianf4championship |title=We are proud to announce that Alba Hurup Larsen, the talented Danish driver and champion of FIA Girls on Track 2023, is joining Speed Demons Delhi for the F4 Indian Championship! |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 1–2
|-
| 22
|nowrap| {{flagicon|AUS}} Zakariya Mohammed<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-4X2fSMBMP |user=indianf4championship |title=Welcome to Speed Demons Delhi, Zakariya Mohammed! |date=2024-08-20}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| All
|-
| 33
| {{flagicon|IND}} Saishiva Sankaran
|
| 4–5
|-
| 64
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel<ref name=":8" />
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 3
|-
|rowspan=4| [[Goa Aces JA Racing]]
| 14
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aiva Anagnostiadis]]<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-2UyKKs4aQ |user=indianf4championship |title=Here's introducing Aiva Alexis Anagnostiadis to the Goa Aces JA Racing team as she joins the F4 Indian Championship grid this season at the Indian Racing Festival! |date=2024-08-19}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| All
|-
| 18
| {{flagicon|IND}} Mira Erda<ref name="ErdaGoa">{{Cite web|date=5 September 2024|title=Mira Erda on Instagram: "Recap from the Round 2 of the @indianf4championship"| url=https://www.instagram.com/giancarlo_artho/p/C_cV52UzvuS|access-date=14 September 2024 |website=[[Instagram]]}}</ref>
|
| 2
|-
| 72
| {{flagicon|FIN}} Tristan Rajakoski<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C_x-PO3tUJp|user=tristanrajakoski|title= We will finally race again @indianf4championship|date=2024-09-11}}</ref>
|
| 3–5
|-
|rowspan=2|34
|rowspan=2| {{flagicon|CHE}} Giancarlo Artho<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-2BePMMWWX |user=indianf4championship |title=Welcome to the Indian Racing Festival grid, Giancarlo Artho - the winner of the 2024 Formula Global Shootout Programme, will be joining the Goa Aces JA Racing team for this season's F4 Indian Championship. |date=2024-08-19}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center" rowspan=2| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 1
|-
|rowspan=5| [[Godspeed Kochi]]
| 2–5
|-
| 21
| {{flagicon|IND}} Akhil Agarwal<ref name=":8" />
|
| 3, 5
|-
| 64
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel<ref name=":8" />
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| 4
|-
| 68
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]<ref>{{Cite instagram |postid=C-9y5vBstOI |user=indianf4championship |title=Hugh Barter is primed and set to take on the track for Godspeed Kochi in the 2024 F4 Indian Championship. |date=2024-08-22}}</ref>
|
| 1–2
|-
| 73
| {{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Patnaik<ref name="Patnaik">{{Cite web|date=25 August 2024 |title=Aditya Patnaik on Instagram: "Being called up last minute on a Friday evening to race in Formula 4 the next day certainly wasn't on my list of weekend plans especially having been sick the days leading up to it. And it certainly did not disappoint either."| url=https://www.instagram.com/aditya_patnaik_/p/C_GfZsrIopA/|access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[Instagram]]}}</ref>
|
| 1
|}
|style="vertical-align:top"|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
! Icon
! Legend
|-
|style="text-align:center"| {{motorsport class|Rookie}}
| Rookie
|}
|}

=== Indian F4 Global Shootout Program ===
Racing Promotions Private Limited announced in May 2024 the F4 Global Shootout Program offering scholarships towards the participation in the championship. The estimated cost of the full season of the series is €120,000 and the winner of the shootout would get a fully paid seat in the upcoming season. The runner-up and the third placed driver would get 30% and 20% respectively of the winner's scholarship while each of other finalists would be awarded €15,000.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Ida|date=2024-05-06|title=Indian F4 launches global shootout to win paid-for 2024 seat|url=https://formulascout.com/indian-f4-launches-global-shootout-to-win-paid-for-2024-seat/118523|website=Formula Scout}}</ref> The program was held on 9–11 July at Circuit du Var, [[France]], in the partnership with the driving school [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS Formule 1]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolff|first=Perceval|date=2024-06-09|title=F4 Global Shootout Program: A step to expanding the Indian F4 grid|url=https://feederseries.net/2024/06/09/f4-global-shootout-program-a-step-to-expanding-indian-f4-grid/|website=Feeder Series}}</ref> The following drivers were selected:
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* {{flagicon|MEX}} Deko Abiakel
* {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aiva Anagnostiadis]]
* {{flagicon|CHE}} Giancarlo Artho
* {{flagicon|IND}} Yashwanth Babu
* {{flagicon|DEU}} Granit Demiri
* {{flagicon|AUS}} Jayden Hamilton
* {{flagicon|AUS}} Zakariya Mohammed
* {{flagicon|AUS}} Georgia Morgan
* {{flagicon|USA}} Thornton Thomas
* {{flagicon|AZE}} Vishal Venkatraman
{{div col end}}
Giancarlo Artho was declared the winner of the shootout, followed by Deko Abiakel and Zakariya Mohammed.

== Calendar ==
All events were held in India and run in tandem with the [[Indian Racing League]]. The provisional dates were announced on 26 April.<ref>{{Cite instagram|user=indianf4championship|postid=C6Ou0PqMcfy|title=Mark your dates! The second season of the FIA certified Indian F4 Championship is less than 120 days away.|date=2024-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NEWS 🇮🇳 The 2024 Indian F4 calendar has been updated!|url=https://x.com/feeder_series/status/1820789570151100448|website=[[Twitter|X]]|date=6 August 2024|access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
!colspan=2| Round
! Circuit
! Date
! Pole position
! Fastest lap
! Winning driver
! Winning team
! Rookie winner
|-
!rowspan=3| 1
! R1
|rowspan=3| [[Madras International Circuit]], [[Chennai]] (Full Circuit)
| 24 August
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]{{efn|[[Hugh Barter]] set the fastest lap but according to the official broadcast he was ineligible to score the point for it since he retired from the race. Aqil Alibhai scored the point for setting the fastest lap among those classified as finishers in the race.}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| Bangalore Speedsters
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R2
|rowspan=2| 25 August
|
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| [[Godspeed Kochi]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R3
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| [[Godspeed Kochi]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
!rowspan=2| 2
! R1
|rowspan=2 nowrap| [[Chennai Formula Racing Circuit]], [[Chennai]]
|rowspan=2| 1 September
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| [[Godspeed Kochi]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R2
|
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Alba Hurup Larsen]]
|-
!rowspan=4| 3
! R1
|rowspan=4| [[Madras International Circuit]], [[Chennai]]
|nowrap| 14 September
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| Bangalore Speedsters
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R2
|rowspan=3| 15 September
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| [[Rarh Bengal Tigers (motorsport)|Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R3
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
| {{flagicon|IND}} Veer Sheth
|nowrap| Ahmedabad Apex Racers
|nowrap| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R4
|
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
!rowspan=3| 4
! R1
|rowspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway]], [[Coimbatore]]
| 19 October
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Zakariya Mohammed
|-
! R2
|rowspan=2| 20 October
|
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|-
! R3
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel
|-
!rowspan=3| 5
! R1
|rowspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway]], [[Coimbatore]]
| 16 November
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
|nowrap| {{flagicon|CAN}} Hady-Noah Mimassi
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
| [[Hyderabad Blackbirds]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel
|-
! R2
|rowspan=2|17 November
|
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| [[Rarh Bengal Tigers (motorsport)|Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel
|-
! R3
|nowrap| {{flagicon|IND}} Saishiva Sankaran
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
|nowrap| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
| [[Rarh Bengal Tigers (motorsport)|Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel
|}

==Championship standings==
Points were awarded as follows:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-08-23 |title=Formula 4 Indian Championship 2024: All you need to know about race format, points system, championships |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/motorsport/formula-4-2024-schedule-f4-race-format-points-system-driver-team-championship-all-you-need-to-know/article68558284.ece |access-date=2024-08-24 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center"
|-
! Position
!  '''1st''' 
!  '''2nd''' 
!  '''3rd''' 
!  '''4th''' 
!  '''5th''' 
!  '''6th''' 
!  '''7th''' 
!  '''8th''' 
!  '''9th''' 
! '''10th'''
!'''[[Pole position|Pole]]'''
!'''[[Fastest lap|FL]]'''
|-
! Points
|style="background:#ffffbf"| 25
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 18
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 15
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 12
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 1
| 2
| 1
|}

===Drivers' Championship===

{|
|
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center"
!rowspan=2| Pos
!rowspan=2| Driver
!colspan=3| [[Madras International Circuit|MAD1]]
!colspan=2| [[Chennai Formula Racing Circuit|CHE]]
!colspan=4| [[Madras International Circuit|MAD2]]
!colspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway|KAR1]]
!colspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway|KAR2]]
!rowspan=2| Pts
|-
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R1
! R2
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R4
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R1
! R2
! R3
|-
! 1
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|ZAF}} Aqil Alibhai
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#ffffff"| DNS
|style="background:#ffffbf"| 1
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''''1'''''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| 1
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
! 282
|-
! 2
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Ruhaan Alva
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| '''2'''
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| '''2'''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
! 264
|-
! 3
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Jaden Pariat
|style="background:#ffffbf"| 1
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''''1'''''
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfffdf"| '''''8'''''
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|
|
|
! 168
|-
! 4
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Divy Nandan
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| '''2'''
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
! 154
|-
! 5
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Hugh Barter]]
|style="background:#efcfff"| '''''Ret'''''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| ''1''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''''1'''''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''''1'''''
|style="background:#dfffdf"| ''5''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 95
|-
! 6
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF"| {{flagicon|AUS}} Isaac Demellweek
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#000000; color:#ffffff"| DSQ
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|
|
|
! 92
|-
! 7
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Veer Sheth
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#ffffbf"| 1
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|
|
|
! 87
|-
! 8
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Abhay Mohan
|style="background:#ffffff"| DNS
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| 3
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#ffffff"| DNS
|style="background:#ffffff"| WD
|style="background:#ffffff"| WD
! 84
|-
! 9
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|CAN}} Hady-Noah Mimassi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 14
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#ffdf9f"| ''3''
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| 2
! 49
|-
! 10
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF"| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aiva Anagnostiadis]]
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 14
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
! 47
|-
! 11
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF"| {{flagicon|IND}} Raiden Samervel
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
! 40
|-
! 12
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Saishiva Sankaran
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf"| '''10'''
! 31
|-
! 13
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF" nowrap| {{flagicon|AUS}} Zakariya Mohammed
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
! 26
|-
! 14
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Dhurvh Goswami
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
! 21
|-
! 15
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF"| {{flagicon|CHE}} Giancarlo Artho
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
! 20
|-
! 16
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Akhil Agarwal
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|
|
|
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
! 16
|-
! 17
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Dillon Zachariah
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 14
|-
! 18
|style="text-align:left; background:#8FCFDF"| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Alba Hurup Larsen]]
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 13
|-
! 19
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Arjun Chheda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
| style="background:#dfffdf"| 4
| style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|
|
|
! 12
|-
! 20
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Chetan Surineni
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 7
! 9
|-
! 21
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Tarun Muthiaiah
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 8
|-
! 22
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Shriya Lohia
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 14
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 14
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
! 8
|-
! 23
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|FIN}} Tristan Rajakoski
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 12
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 8
! 5
|-
! 24
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Esmee Kosterman]]
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 9
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 3
|-
! 25
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Mira Erda
|style="background:#dfffdf"| 10
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 13
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 1
|-
! 26
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chetan Korada]]
|
|
|
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 11
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 0
|-
! 27
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|IND}} Aditya Patnaik
|style="background:#cfcfff"| 14
|style="background:#efcfff"| Ret
|style="background:#ffffff"| DNS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 0
|-
! –
|style="text-align:left"| {{flagicon|AUS}} Jayden Hamilton
|style="background:#ffffff"| WD
|style="background:#ffffff"| WD
|style="background:#ffffff"| WD
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! –
|-
!rowspan=2| Pos
!rowspan=2| Driver
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R1
! R2
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R4
! R1
! R2
! R3
! R1
! R2
! R3
!rowspan=2| Pts
|-
!colspan=3| [[Madras International Circuit|MAD1]]
!colspan=2| [[Chennai Formula Racing Circuit|CHE]]
!colspan=4| [[Madras International Circuit|MAD2]]
!colspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway|KAR1]]
!colspan=3| [[Kari Motor Speedway|KAR2]]
|}
|style="vertical-align:top"|
{{Motorsport driver results legend}}
'''Bold''' – Pole ''Italics'' – Fastest Lap † — Did not finish, but classified {{highlight|Rookie|#8FCFDF}}
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=N}}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://rpplind.com}}

{{FIA F4 Championships}}

[[Category:F4 Indian Championship seasons]]
[[Category:2024 in Formula 4|Indian F4]]
[[Category:2024 in Indian motorsport|F4]]

Navaikulam

2026-02-08T12:06:21Z

DebraToney89: adjusted details and updated info per sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Navaikulam
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|8|46|25|N|76|47|20|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Varkala Taluk]]
| government_type = Panchayath
| governing_body = Navaikulam Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 28.23
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 40,702
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 695603<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/pin/pinsearch.aspx|title=India Post :Pincode Search|accessdate=2008-12-16|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520133707/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pin/pinsearch.aspx|archivedate=2012-05-20}}</ref>
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0470
| registration_plate = KL-81
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Varkala]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Niyamasabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Varkala]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Navaikulam Panchayat
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Navaikulam''' is a panchayat in [[Varkala Taluk]], it the northernmost tip of [[Thiruvananthapuram district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India. It is situated 11km east of [[Varkala]] town and 37km north of [[Trivandrum]] City along NH66.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |accessdate=2008-12-10 |website=censusindia.com |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref> Navaikulam shares many cultural and linguistic similarities with the neighboring [[Kollam district]] or [[Central Division (Travancore)|Central Travancore]].

The term "navaya" means "the place where Vedic scriptures are taught". Therefore, it is believed that Navaikulam was an ancient center of excellence and wisdom. The Sankaranarayana temple is situated here.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Navaikulam had a population of 27703 with 13084 males and 14619 females.<ref name="censusindia"/>

==Sankaranarayana temple==
{{cite section|date=February 2026}}
The Sri Sankaranarayana temple at Navaikulam in Varkala Taluk of Trivandrum district is located by the side of [[National Highway 66 (India)|National Highway 66]] (about 45 km north of Trivandrum) between [[Kallambalam]] and [[Parippally]]. Set amidst a vast campus, the temple enshrines the syncretic image of Sankaranarayana, whose left half shows the attributes of Vishnu and the right half that of Siva, this is believed to be the biggest Shankaranarayana statue in standing position. It is one of the most famous pilgrim center in Thiruvananthapuram district. Near the temple there is a big pond. This temple is 1000 years old.

==Schools==
{{cite section|date=February 2026}}
Govt HSS Navaikulam is a school in the Attingal education district. Approximately 2000 students are enrolled in the school, which is staffed by around 80 teachers.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Thiruvananthapuram district}}
[[Category:Villages in Thiruvananthapuram district]]

M. Hiriyanna

2026-02-08T11:55:55Z

DebraToney89: expanded content

{{Short description|Indian philosopher}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| name = Mysore Hiriyanna
| image = M. Hiriyanna.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1871|5|07|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mysore]]
| death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1950|09|19|1871|05|07}}}}
| death_place = Mysore
| education = [[Madras Christian College]]
| institutions = University of Mysore
| region = [[Indian philosophy]]
| era = [[20th-century philosophy]]
| main_interests = {{hlist |[[Aesthetics]] |[[Vedanta]] |[[Ethics]] |[[Perfection]]}}
| school_tradition = [[Advaita]]
| notable_ideas = Art experience is transient Conception of Nirgunabrahman as the Ultimate Reality with the implied belief in the Maya Doctrine
| signature =
| academic_advisors = Perisamy Tirumalacharya, Kashi Sesharamasastry, Asthan Vidwan Kaviratna Mandikallu Ramasastri, Kasturi Ranga-Iyengar, [[Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia|A. R. Wadia]]
| notable_students = [[M. V. Seetharamiah]], [[P. T. Narasimhachar]], [[V. Seetharamaiah]]
}}

'''Mysore Hiriyanna''' (1871–1950)<ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50034752/ WorldCat Identities]</ref> was an eminent Indian philosopher, Sanskrit scholar and authority on Indian aesthetics.<ref>Hanumantha Rao, G., Mysore Hiriyanna, and N. Sivarama Sastry. Prof[Essor] M[Ysore] Hiriyanna Commemoration Volume. Mysore: Prof. M. Hiriyanna Commemoration Vol. Committee, 1952.</ref> He was a Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Mysore and a contemporary of [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]. His classes on Indian Philosophy were comprehensive. His classroom dictations, published by Allen & Unwin in book form as "Outlines of Indian Philosophy"<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Schrader|first=F. Otto|date=10 October 1932|title=Outlines of Indian Philosophy. By M. Hiriyanna, M.A., formerly Professor of Sanskrit, Maharaja's College, Mysore. (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.1932. Pp. 419. Price 15s.)|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/outlines-of-indian-philosophy-by-m-hiriyanna-ma-formerly-professor-of-sanskrit-maharajas-college-mysore-london-george-allen-unwin-ltd1932-pp-419-price-15s/00F139D412CF203C4DC6895D6C9E4FCC|journal=Philosophy|language=en|volume=8|issue=32|pages=505–506|doi=10.1017/S0031819100045915|s2cid=170584588 |issn=1469-817X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> brought Hiriyanna international recognition. This was a seminal work on Indian Philosophy. His other prominent works include "Indian Conception of Values",<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hiriyanna|first=M.|title=The Indian Conception of Values |date=1938|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=19|issue=1|pages=10–24|jstor=41688382}}</ref> "Essentials of Indian Philosophy",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeRIP-TuKLAC|title=The Essentials of Indian Philosophy|last=Hiriyanna|first=M.|date=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120813304|language=en}}</ref> "The Quest after Perfection"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/HIRTQA|title=The Quest After Perfection|last=Hiriyanna|first=Mysore|date=1952|publisher=Kavyalaya Publishers}}</ref> and "Art Experience".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/HIRAE|title=Art Experience|last=Hiriyanna|first=Mysore|date=1954|publisher=Manohar}}</ref> He wrote extensively on the Vedic age, mainly on the [[Upanishads]], followed by the evolution of Indian philosophical thought in the post-vedic era, deliberating mainly on [[Bhagavad Gita]], the early years of [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/outlinesofindian035857mbp|title=Outlines of Indian Philosophy|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=24 July 2018|website=archive.org|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> His work on aesthetics was authoritative and dealt mainly with Alamkaras, [[Aesthetics]] and [[Ethics]], Method of Art, Indian Aesthetic Values and Art & Morality.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199769261.001.0001/acprof-9780199769261-chapter-13#|title=M. Hiriyanna, "Indian Aesthetics 2," "Art Experience 2" (1951)|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|editor-first1=Nalini |editor-first2=Jay L |editor-last1=Bhushan |editor-last2=Garfield |date=1951|website=Oxford Scholarship|access-date=24 July 2018|doi=10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199769261.001.0001|isbn=9780199769261}}</ref>

== Early years and teaching career ==
Hiriyanna was born in Mysore on May 7, 1871. His parents were M. Nanjundaiah and Lakshmidevi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Prof. M. Hiriyanna Commemoration Volume|last=Msore|first=Hiriyanna|publisher=PROF- M. HIRIYANNA COMMEMORATION VOLUME COMMITTEE, MYSORE|year=1952|location=Mysore|pages=XIII}}</ref> He had his preliminary schooling in Mysore, where he learnt Sanskrit from Perisamy Tirumalacharya and Kashi Sesharamasastry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-hiriyanna/4594376656|title=Feature article on M. Hiriyanna|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=July 2018|website=Dr S. Srikanta Sastri {{!}} Official Website|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716175707/https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/m-hiriyanna/4594376656|url-status=dead}}</ref> He obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts]] (B.A.) and Master of Arts (M.A.) qualifications from the [[Madras Christian College]], [[Chennai|Madras]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-space-that-holds-another-time/article24405939.ece|title=A Space that holds another time|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=13 July 2018|work=The Hindu|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> His first job was as librarian at the Mysore Oriental Library (now, the [[Oriental Research Institute Mysore|Oriental Research Institute]], Mysore) which he joined in 1891. He was instrumental here in curating 1653 printed works and 1358 manuscripts – many of them in ancient Sanskrit and Kannada. He would again visit Madras to secure a Licentiate in Teaching (L.T.) qualification, thus enabling him to teach in academic institutions. Upon his return to Mysore, he joined the Government Normal School as a teacher in 1896 and eventually became a Head-Master by 1907.

Upon recommendation from the first Vice Chancellor of the [[University of Mysore]] – [[H. V. Nanjundaiah]], Hiriyanna was appointed as Lecturer in Sanskrit at [[Maharaja's College, Mysore|Maharaja College]], [[Mysore]] in 1912. He was promoted to the post of Assistant Professor of Sanskrit by 1914. Here, he came in contact with [[Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia|A. R. Wadia]] – who was heading the Department of Philosophy at Maharaja College, Mysore.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bulletin|first=Sociological|date=1971|title=Professor A. R. Wadia, 1888-1971|journal=Sociological Bulletin|volume= 20| issue = 2 (September 1971)|pages= 202–205|jstor=23618371}}</ref> [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|S. Radhakrishnan]] was also on the faculty of this department at this time. The two scholars shared an in-depth interest in the study of Indian and Western Philosophies. In fact, it was S. Radhakrishnan who suggested publishers [[Allen & Unwin]] to publish in book form the class-room notes of M. Hiriyanna, which ultimately came out as "Outlines of Indian Philosophy".<ref name=":0" /> M. Hiriyanna, along with A. R. Wadia and [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] groomed [[M. Yamunacharya]], who would later hold post of Professor in Philosophy in the Department of Philosophy at Maharaja College, Mysore.

M. Hiriyanna was made Professor of Sanskrit Studies at Maharaja College, Mysore by 1919. He held Professorship for the next eight years and retired from the University of Mysore in 1927. His illustrious teaching career spanned more than two decades.

== Personal life ==
[[File:M. Hiriyanna's family L to R Wife Lakshmidevamma & Daughter Rukkamma.jpg|left|thumb|L-R: M. Hiriyanna's wife Lakshmidevamma and daughter Rukkamma]]
M. Hiriyanna led a life of frugality. He was married to Lakshmidevamma at a young age. They had a daughter by name Rukkamma. Hiriyanna was an introvert by nature and spent days on end studying at his house in Mysore. Post retirement, he declined many an invitation from universities across India to chair their Departments of Philosophy and Sanskrit Studies. His love of English literature was well known and he was an avid reader of " [[The Times Literary Supplement]]" and "Illustrated London News".

Hiriyanna had a close relationship with Palghat Narayan Sastry in Mysore and the two scholars deliberated deeply on the finer aspects on Indian philosophical Thought, Vedanta and The Upanishads. Hiriyanna was also in correspondence with the eminent Sanskrit scholar – Kuppuswamy Sastry at Madras. Upon M. Hiriyanna's demise, his vast collection of books was donated to the “Kuppuswamy Sastri Research Institute” at Mylapore.

== Scholarship ==
[[File:M. Hiriyanna with A. R. Wadia & S. Radhakrishnan.jpg|thumb|M. Hiriyanna with S. Radhakrishnan and A. R. Wadia at S. Radhakrishnan's Farewell from University of Mysore]]
Hiriyanna wrote extensively across five decades on topics ranging from the 'Art of Teaching' [''Bodhana Krama''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prekshaa.in/the-unalloyed-erudition-of-m-hiriyanna-mysore-h-v-nanjundayya-dvg-profile-maharaja-college-aardra-jyoti-indian-philosophy-hinduism-scholarship-kalidasa-raghuvamsham-mysore-university-educa/|title=Unalloyed Erudition of M. Hiriyanna|last=Balakrishna|first=Sandeep|date=5 October 2016|website=PREKSA|access-date=24 July 2018}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> – 1906] to his treatises on “''Ishavasyopanishad”'' (1911), “''Kenopanishad''” (1912), “''Katakopanishad''” (1915) and “''Brhadaranyakopansihad – Part 1''” in 1919. His interests included Sanskrit language (linguistics), Sanskrit prose and poetry, comparative grammar, Vedic and post-Vedic philosophical thought in India and different schools of philosophies – namely Charavaka Materialism, Buddhist School of Philosophy, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankhya-Yoga, Purva-Mimamsa and Vedantic Schools – Advaita, Visistadvaita and Dvaita, Indian Aesthetics, Dhvani Theory and Study of Art. His years with [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] and [[Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia]] at the University of Mysore saw him interpolate, compare and elucidate finer points of [[Western philosophy|Western Philosophy]] in relation to accepted notions on Indian philosophical thought.

Hiriyanna presided over the All India Oriental Conference held in Mysore in 1935. In 1939, he was requested to chair the All India Philosophy Conference at Hyderabad. In 1940, he delivered the prestigious Miller's Memorial Lecture on Philosophy at Madras. Hiriyanna made sterling contributions to the world of Sanskrit. In recognition of this, the Madras Sanskrit Academy conferred him with the title of "''Samskrutasevadhurina''" the same year.

Hiriyanna's contributions to comparative philology, Sahitya (Literature), Alamkara (Figures of Speech) and Vyakarana (Grammar) and several Darshanas were credible. He was undeniably the earliest to translate [[Bhāsa|Bhasa]]'s "''[[Svapnavasavadattam]]''" to English, which he titled "The Dream Queen". His works on Advaita are authoritative and his "''Naishkarmya-siddhi''" and "''Vedanta-sara''" are examples to this. His "''Ishta-siddhi''" is without doubt his finest piece on the Advaitic school of thought.

His grasp of the Western philosophical doctrines is brilliantly clear in his "Mission of Philosophy" (1960) where he discusses at great length Immanuel Kant's ideas on "Duty", "Ideal of Perfection", "Moral Good vs. Non-Moral Good", "Promotion of Oneself" and "Rectification of the Will". He had of course, made a comparative study of Socrates and Plato.

Hiriyanna's foreword to [[V. Raghavan]]'s "The Number of Rasas" gives one a glimpse of his grasp of the "Rasa Theory" and his perspectives on "Alamkara Shastra". This is clearly expounded in his article titled "''Art Experience''" published in "The Aryan Path" in 1941.

==Writings==
M. Hiriyanna wrote at a prolific pace. Many of his works did not see publication until years after his death. His English translation of the Upanishads was the beginning of what would become three decades of tireless toil. Many of his papers which he presented at various Oriental Conferences would in themselves qualify as works of considerable value. His works on Indian aesthetics form the bedrock of modern Indian writings and perspectives on that subject. His writings combined an authoritative command on the Sanskrit language with a philosopher's viewpoint on matters of ethereal and metaphysical importance.

===List of works===
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Bhasha Prabodhini
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Bodhana Krama (1907)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Ishavasyopanishad (1911)
*''Hiriyanna. M'' – Kenopanishad (1912)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Katakopanishad (1915)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Brhadaranyakopansihad – Part 1 (1919)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Indian aesthetics (1919) – First Oriental Conference
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – The Ethics of the Upaniṣads (1924)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Naishkarmya-siddhi – Sureshwaracharya (1925)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Vedanta-sara – Sadananda (1929)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Ishta-siddhi – Vimukthathman (1933)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Outlines of Indian Philosophy (1932)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Outlines of Indian Philosophy|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=1932|oclc = 459332947}}</ref>
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – The Two-Fold Way of Life (1935) – Eighth Oriental Conference – Presidential Address
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – The Essentials of Indian Philosophy (1949)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – The Quest for Perfection (1952)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Popular Essays in Indian philosophy (1952)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Popular essays in Indian philosophy|last=Mysuru|first=Hiriyanna|date=1999|oclc = 48389061}}</ref>
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Art Experience (1954)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Sanskrit Studies (1954)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sternbach|first1=Ludwik|last2=Hiriyanna|first2=M.|date=October 1958|title=Sanskrit Studies|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=78|issue=4|pages=318|doi=10.2307/595804|issn=0003-0279|jstor=595804}}</ref>
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Indian Philosophical Studies – I (1957)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Indian Philosophical Studies – II (1972)
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – The Mission of Philosophy (1960)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The mission of philosophy|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=1999|oclc = 297210114}}</ref>
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Reviews (1970)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reviews|last=Mysore|first=Hiriyanna|date=1970|oclc = 977092473}}</ref>
*''Hiriyanna, M'' – Indian Conception of Values (1975)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indian conception of values|last1=Hiriyanna|first1=M|last2=Chidambaram|first2=K|date=1975|publisher=Kavyalaya Publishers|location=Mysore|language=en|oclc = 906189258}}</ref>

==Legacy==
In the study of Indian philosophy, Mysore Hiriyanna's contribution is significant. His works find place even today in libraries around the world. His translation of the Upanishads are some of the finest ever done. His erudition and contribution to the world of Sanskrit Language and Literary Studies earned him the title of "Samskrutasevadhurina" from the Madras Sanskrit Academy. He was made President of the All India Oriental Conference held in Mysore in 1935. He was additionally requested to preside over the All India Philosophy Conference at Hyderabad in 1939. He delivered the prestigious Miller's Memorial Lecture on Philosophy at Madras in 1940. His vast library of books collected and carefully curated find place in Kuppuswami Sastri Research Institute at Chennai. His students and contemporaries brought out a Felicitation Volume in his honour in 1952 titled "Prof M. Hiriyanna Felicitation Volume". To mark his birth centenary (1871-1971), a birth centenary commemoration volume was brought out in 1972. Both these volumes contain some scholarly articles on topics dear to Hiriyanna's forte, as written by luminaries like [[P. T. Narasimhachar]] and [[M. V. Seetharamiah]] among others. A generation of writers, scholars, linguists and of course philosophers in India and abroad remember him for his erudition, dedication to teaching, nobility of spirit and simplicity.

[[P. T. Narasimhachar]]'s description of his teacher is as follows:{{cquote|''Guru Hiriyanna was a Sthitaprajna in every sense of the term. He exhibited the quality of the well-bred gentlemen – an abhijatapurusa – one who gives his gifts in such a way that none except the donor knows it, who knows how to welcome whoever comes to his house and make him comfortable, who is silent about his own good deeds but proclaims unreservedly of favours he has received from others, in whom fortune does not breed arrogance – who is averse to listen to stories about others and who is intensely devoted to learning. To me, Guru Hiriyanna is an ideal Indian, rooted in his own culture; he did not allow Western thought and culture to destroy the identity as an Indian. He digested them and assimilated into his system all the best of the West, its Philosophy and Literature. It is good to remember Prof. Hiriyanna, his life, his scholarship, his un-ostentatious benevolence, his dignified bearing and his keen sense of honour and independence.''|
}}

In 2018, Prekshaa Pratishtana in collaboration with W.I.S.E. Words Inc. republished Prof. Hiriyanna's anthologies under the title ''The Mysore Hiriyanna Library''.

==Bibliography==

* "M. Hiriyanna – The Builders of Indian Philosophy Series" by T. P. Ramachandran, Munshi Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi (2001).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mukhia|first=Harbans|date=April 2001|title=Book Reviews : D.N. Marshall, Mughals in India: A Bibliographical Survey, vol. I—Manu scripts, Supplementary, Part I, New Delhi Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers and Indian Council of Historical Research, 1996, pp. xxiii + 148; and Mansura Haidar, Mukatabat-i-Allami (Insha'i Abul Fazl), Daftar I, New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers and Indian Council of Historical Research, 1998, pp. xxii + 130|journal=The Medieval History Journal|volume=4|issue=1|pages=138–141|doi=10.1177/097194580100400109|issn=0971-9458}}</ref>
* "Indian Philosophy in English: From Renaissance to Independence" by [[Nalini Bhushan]]; [[Jay L. Garfield]]; Oxford University Press, USA (2011).<ref>{{Cite book|date=2011-09-22|editor-last=Bhushan|editor-first=Nalini|editor2-last=Garfield|editor2-first=Jay L.|title=Indian Philosophy in English|editor-link=Nalini Bhushan|editor-link2=Jay L. Garfield|doi=10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199769261.001.0001|isbn=9780199769261}}</ref>
* "Time in Indian Philosophy, A Collection of Essays" by H. S. Prasad, Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi (1992).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker|first=David|date=March 1992|title=Book Reviews : HUGH OWEN, The Indian Nationalist Movement, c. 1912-22: Leadership, Organisation and Philosophy. Asian Studies Association of Australia, South Asian Publications Series, No. 6. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1990, 262 pp., Rs. 225|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|volume=29|issue=1|pages=109–110|doi=10.1177/001946469202900109|s2cid=144671734 |issn=0019-4646}}</ref>
*"The Philosophy of Religion and Advaita Vedanta: A Comparative Study in Religion and Reason" by [[Arvind Sharma]]; Pennsylvania State University Press (1995).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stoeber|first=Michael|date=March 1996|title=Arvind Sharma. The Philosophy of Religion and Advaita Vedānta: A Comparative Study in Religion and Reason. (University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.) Pp. viii + 232. £29.50. $32.50.|journal=Religious Studies|volume=32|issue=1|pages=127–129|doi=10.1017/s0034412500024112|s2cid=170327962 |issn=0034-4125}}</ref>
*"The Upanishads: Selections from the 108 Upanishads" by T. M. P. Mahadevan; Madras: G.A. Natesan (1950).<ref>{{Cite journal|date=January 1950|title=The Upanishads. Vol. I: Isa Kena and Mandaka. 8vo; pp. 175. (Madras: Natesan & Co. Price 3s.)|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland|volume=31|issue=1|pages=145|doi=10.1017/s0035869x00026228|issn=0035-869X}}</ref>
*"Contemporary Indian Philosophy" by S. Radhakrishnan & John H. Muirhead; London: G. Allen & Unwin (1952).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Burch|first1=George Bosworth|last2=Radhakrishnan|first2=S.|last3=Muirhead|first3=J. H.|date=April 1957|title=Contemporary Indian Philosophy|journal=Philosophy East and West|volume=7|issue=1/2|pages=49|doi=10.2307/1396834|issn=0031-8221|jstor=1396834}}</ref>
*"Prof. M. Hiriyanna Commemoration Volume" by N. Sivarama Sastry & G. Hanumantha Rao; Mysore (1952).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Potter|first1=Karl H.|last2=Hiriyanna|first2=Mysore|date=October 1962|title=The Mission of Philosophy|journal=Philosophy East and West|volume=12|issue=3|pages=255|doi=10.2307/1397380|issn=0031-8221|jstor=1397380}}</ref>
*"Professor M. Hiriyanna Birth Centenary Commemoration Volume, (1871-1971)" by [[V. Raghavan]] & G. Marulasiddaiah; Mysore (1972).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Professor M. Hiriyanna birth centenary commemoration volume, (1871-1971)|last=Venkatarama; Maraulasiddaiah|first=Raghavan; G|publisher=Prasaranga, University of Mysore|year=1972|location=Mysore|pages=i to XII|oclc = 889717800}}</ref>
*"The Late Professor M. Hiriyanna" by H. L. Hariyappa (Nécrologie); Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 31, pp. 335–336, No. 1/4 (1950).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hariyappa|first=H. L.|title=The Late Professor M. Hiriyanna |date=1950|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=31|issue=1/4|pages=335–336|jstor=44028438}}</ref>
*"Seminar on Professor M. Hiriyanna: His Life and Works" by G. Marulasiddaiah, R. S. Sivaganesamurti; University of Mysore, Mysore Orientalist Series – Vol 5 (1974).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Seminar on Professor M. Hiriyanna: his life and works|last=Marulasiddaiah; Sivaganesamurti|first=G; R S|publisher=Mysore : Oriental Research Institute|year=1974|location=Mysore|pages=234–238|oclc = 890396977}}</ref>
*The Best of Hiriyanna (with an introductory essay by Shatavadhani Dr. R. Ganesh) Prekshaa Pratishtana, Bangalore (2018).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.srikanta-sastri.org/mhiriyanna M. Hiriyanna | Official Webpage]
*[http://www.itihasa.in/mhiriyanna/4578316984 Rare letters & correspondences of M. Hiriyanna]
*[https://www.indianmemoryproject.com/tag/prof-m-hiriyanna/ Image of M. Hiriyanna]
*{{Internet Archive author |sname=M. Hiriyanna}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hiriyanna, Mysore}}
[[Category:Scholars from Mysore]]
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]

DJ Kalkutta

2026-02-07T16:33:55Z

DebraToney89: started page

{{Infobox musical artist
| alias = Bollywood Barbie
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| origin = [[Wisconsin]], United States
| occupation = {{hlist|DJ|turntablist|record producer|songwriter}}
| website = {{URL|djkalkutta.com}}
}}

'''DJ Kalkutta''' is an American DJ and producer, based in [[New York City]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/indie_spotlight_dj_kalkutta|title=Indie Spotlight: DJ Kalkutta|date=2012-01-04|work=BMI.com|access-date=2017-08-25|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Born in [[Kolkata]], [[India]], she, at the age of two, was given to an orphanage by her biological parents. As she spent her infancy there, an American woman adopted and raised her in [[Wisconsin]], [[United States]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://asiasociety.org/texas/celebrity-dj-kalkutta-sets-stage-spotlight-asia-featuring-houston%E2%80%99s-creative-culinary-stars|title=Celebrity DJ Kalkutta Sets the Stage for Spotlight Asia Featuring Houston’s Creative Culinary Stars|website=Asia Society|language=en|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref> Her stage name Kalkutta, which refers to the German name of the Indian City [[Kolkata]], is a homage to her biological family and her adoptive mother. Upon moving to [[New York City]] at the age of seventeen, she took up audio engineering and production studies at [[Clive Davis Institute of Recorded Music]], before quitting.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/new-york-city-club-life-gets-a-desi-twist-with/article_a6e48bea-a333-11e4-b041-af76519a8553.html|title=New York City Club Life Gets a Desi Twist with DJ Kalkutta|last=West|first=Lisa Tsering, India|work=India West|access-date=2017-08-25|language=en|archive-date=2017-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825183626/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/new-york-city-club-life-gets-a-desi-twist-with/article_a6e48bea-a333-11e4-b041-af76519a8553.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, she produced and uploaded music to [[Myspace]]. Her former partner suggested her to get into DJing as it is "like a walk in the park compared to production stuff."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.yrbmagazine.com/spotlight-dj-kalkutta/|title=SPOTLIGHT: DJ Kalkutta|date=2011-10-10|work=YRB Magazine {{!}} Lifestyle Fashion Music Art Culture|access-date=2017-08-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827122519/http://www.yrbmagazine.com/spotlight-dj-kalkutta/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Growing up in a community where [[racial diversity]] is almost non-existent, and not knowing of her racial identity, Kalkutta assumed her ethnicity to be [[Black people|black]] until the age of seventeen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2014/11/23/dj-kalkutta-mother-teresas-orphanage-calcutta-spinning-good-morning-america/|title=DJ Kalkutta: From Mother Teresa’s orphanage in Calcutta to spinning on Good Morning America|date=2014-11-23|website=The American Bazaar|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>

== Career ==
She co-wrote [[Halsey (singer)|Halsey]]'s song "[[New Americana]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.teenvogue.com/story/summer-party-playlist-dj-kalkutta|title=Here's Your Ultimate Summer Party Playlist|last=Ceron|first=Ella|work=Teen Vogue|access-date=2017-08-25|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dj-kalkutta/dj-kalkutta-new-years-eve-playlist_b_4504256.html DJ Kalkutta’s New Year’s Eve Playlist: 10 Songs to Ring In 2014]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalkutta, DJ}}
[[Category:American DJs]]
[[Category:American women DJs]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{US-DJ-stub}}

Shafeeq ur Rahman

2026-02-05T22:49:27Z

DebraToney89: created some details w/ infobox - done

{{BLP sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Short description|Indian entrepreneur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shafeeq ur Rahman
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], India
| height =
| citizenship =
| yearsactive = 2001–present
| occupation = {{Hlist|[[Fashion entrepreneur]]|[[Film producer]]}}
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]] [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]]
| organization = Star life Hyderabad
| notable_works =
| style =
| awards = Global Icon Award by 'Passion Vista' Man of the People Award by [[Mother Teresa Women's University]]<ref name="convocation"/>
| parents = [[Khalil ur Rahman (politician)|Khalil ur Rahman]] (father)
| spouse = Sahebzadi Maheen Nikhath<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/hyderabad-nizam-kin-sahebzadi-maheen-and-shafeeq-ur-rahman-royal-wedding-anniversary|title=Hyderabad Nizam Kin Sahebzadi Maheen and Shafeeq Ur Rahman Royal Wedding anniversary|work=www.telanganatoday.com|author=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref>
| relatives =
| website =
}}

'''Shafeeq ur Rahman''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[Fashion entrepreneur]] and [[film producer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/shafeeq-ur-rahman-appointed-city-partner-of-fashion-tv|title=Shafeeq-ur-Rahman appointed city partner of Fashion TV|work=www.telanganatoday.com|author=Telangana Today|access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> Rahman is also the city editor-in-chief of ''Hi Life Hyderabad''. In February 2022, he was appointed city partner of international fashion and lifestyle broadcasting television channel [[Fashion TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/companies/nizam-family-s-shafeeq-ur-rahman-appointed-as-city-partner-of-hyderabad-by-fashion-tv-2433031.html|title=Nizam Family's family Shafeeq Ur Rahman appointed as city partner of Hyderabad by Fashion TV|work=www.zeenews.india.com|author=Zee News English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/shafeeq-ur-rahman-spotlight-as-the-strong-man-on-indian-fashion-industry-showstopper-of-times-fashion-week/81849687.html|title=Shafee ur Rahman spotlight as the strong man of Indian Fashion Industry|work=www.ahmedabadmirror.com|author=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Shafeeq ur Rahman was born on to a well known political family of [[Hyderabad]]. His father [[Khalil ur Rahman (politician)|Mohammed Khaleelur Rahman]] was a member of the Rajya Sabha and Ex Committee of Ministries Civil Aviation & Energy. He went to school in [[Hyderabad]] and completed his MBA at the [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]] before completing a Bachelor of Event Management at the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/tv/180919/shafeeq-rahman-is-scaling-new-heights-in-entertainment-industry.html|title=Shafeeq ur Rahman is scaling new heights in Entertainment Industry|work=www.asianage.com|author=The India Saga|accessdate=February 14, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnlive.com/entertainment/shafeeq-ur-rahmans-star-life-hyderabad-fashion-affairs-in-l-b-stadium-during-ccc-cricket-bollywood-vs-tollywood/|title=Shafeeq ur Rahman’s Star Life Hyderabad Fashion Affairs in L B Stadium during CCC Cricket Bollywood VS Tollywood|work=www.apnlive.com|author=APN Live}}</ref>

==Television ==
{{BLP unsourced section|date= February 2026}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Channel
! Notes
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Zindagi Abhi Baaki Hai Mere Ghost]]'' || [[Life OK]] || Producer
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Dahleez (2016 TV series)|Dahleez]]'' || [[Star Plus]] || Producer
|-
| 20017 || ''[[Savdhaan India|Savdhaan India Crime Alert]]'' || [[Star Bharat]] || Producer
|-
| 2018-2019 || ''[[Fear Files: Darr Ki Sacchi Tasvirein]]'' || [[Zee TV]] || Producer
|-
| 2018-2019 || ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)]]'' || [[Sony TV]]|| Producer
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Nazar (TV series)|Nazar]]'' || [[StarPlus]] || Co-producer
|-
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"|Year
! scope="col"|Award
! scope="col"|Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Result
|-
|2022
!scope="row"|International Glory Award (IGA)
| Most popular entrepreneur by [[Shilpa Shetty]]
| {{Won}}
|-
|2019
!scope="row"|Global Icon Award
| by Passion Vista
| {{Won}}<ref name="convocation">{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/shafeeq-ur-rahman-attended-the-convocation-of-mumbai-fashion-institute-gave-this-advice-to-students-8020325.html|title=हर तरफ मुंबई फैशन इंस्टीट्यूट कॉन्वोकेशन की चर्चा, इवेंट में शामिल हुए प्रोड्यूसर शफीक उर रहमान, स्टूडेंट्स को दिए टिप्स|work=www.hindi.news18.com|author=[[News18 India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2019
!scope="row"|Man of the People Award
| by [[Mother Teresa Women's University]]
| {{Won}}<ref name="convocation"/>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|11489817|name=Shafeeq ur Rahman}}
* {{MusicBrainz|da1a5295-1c93-419e-84a4-85adc9da1da9|name=Shafeeq ur Rahman}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Shafeeq ur}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Fashion-bio-stub}}
{{India-business-bio-stub}}

PGP Glass

2026-02-04T21:19:41Z

DebraToney89: Created Stub - done

{{short description|Indian glass packaging company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{COI|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PGP Glass
| logo =
| logo_size =
| image = PGP Kosamba.jpg
| image_caption = PGP Glass [[Kosamba]] manufacturing unit
| former_names = {{ubl|Piramal Glass Limited |Gujarat Glass Private Limited}}
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| traded_as =
| foundation = 1984
| industry = {{hlist|[[Container]]s|[[Packaging]]}}
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glass.piramal.com/contact-us.html |title=Contact Information of Piramal Glass: the Leading Glass Manufacturer India |publisher=Piramal Glass |date= |accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref>
| area_served = Worldwide
| products = Cosmetics and Perfumery, Pharmaceuticals, Specialty Food and Beverages, Decorations
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|4000|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24"/>
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRconvert|1162|c}} (FY24)<ref name="fy24">{{cite news |last1=Barman |first1=Arijit |title=Brookfield, Platinum slug it out to acquire PGP Glass; PE firms seek controlling stake now at $1.4-1.6 bn value |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/paper-/-wood-/-glass/-plastic/-marbles/brookfield-platinum-slug-it-out-to-acquire-pgp-glass-pe-firms-seek-controlling-stake-now-at-1-4-1-6-bn-value/articleshow/109045636.cms |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=The Economic Times |date=5 April 2024}}</ref>
| parent = [[Piramal Group]] (1984–2021) [[The Blackstone Group]] (2021–present)
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.pgpfirst.com}}
}}

'''PGP Glass'''<ref>{{cite news |title=Piramal Glass Begins A New Journey With Blackstone |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/piramal-glass-begins-a-new-journey-with-blackstone/67361/1 |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> (formerly known as Piramal Glass Ltd and Gujarat Glass Pvt. Ltd.) is an Indian [[glass]] packaging company providing packaging for [[pharmaceutical]] and [[perfume]] industries.

==History ==
[[File:PGP Jambusar.jpg|thumb|PGP Glass [[Jambusar]] manufacturing unit]]
Prior to its acquisition by the [[Piramal Group]] in 1984, the company's manufacturing plant was located in Kosamba, [[Gujarat]]. In 1990, Gujarat Glass Pvt. Ltd. merged with its parent company Nicholas Piramal India Ltd. to become one of its many divisions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Glass|first=Piramal|title=History|url=http://glass.piramal.com/corporate/who-we-are/history.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://www.piramalglass.com/about-us/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320192951/http://www.piramalglass.com/about-us/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 March 2018|access-date=1 August 2020|website=www.piramalglass.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2020, [[The Blackstone Group]] announced that it would acquire Piramal Glass for {{USD}}1 billion. After the acquisition was completed in March 2021, the company was renamed to PGP Glass.<ref>{{cite news |title=Blackstone to buy Piramal Glass for $1 billion |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/blackstone-to-buy-piramal-glass-for-1-billion/article33308108.ece |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=11 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Piramal Glass renamed to PGP Glass |url=https://www.glass-international.com/news/piramal-glass-renamed-to-pgp-glass |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=Glass International |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations==
The company sells glass packaging for the [[pharmaceuticals]], [[Food and Beverage|food and beverages]] (F&B) and the [[cosmetics]] & [[perfumery]] (C&P) industries.<ref>{{cite news |title=CCI nod for Blackstone's acquisition of Piramal Glass |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/cci-nod-for-blackstones-acquisition-of-piramal-glass/article33910233.ece |access-date=13 November 2022 |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=23 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

The Specialty Food and Beverage segment provides bottles for wine, liquor and food industry. This segment is primarily catered by the Sri Lanka and US operations serving customers such as Cadbury Schweppes, Diageo, Pernod Ricard, UB Group etc.
<ref>{{cite web|last=Glass|first=Piramal|title=History|url=http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/company/direcrpt-1754-Piramal_Glass_Ltd.htm}}</ref>

The company has its manufacturing facilities in India (Kosamba and Jambusar), Sri Lanka and the United States. The Kosamba facility has six furnaces – one for Pharma and five for C&P -- with a combined capacity of 330 TPD. The Jambusar facility is one of the world's largest installed capacities for pharmaceutical packaging in amber glass. It has 3 furnaces with a combined capacity of 520 TPD.
<ref>{{cite news|work=Economic Times|title=Piramal Glass Ltd. |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/piramal-glass-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-14895.cms}}</ref>

In Sri Lanka, the company has 1 furnace in Horana with a capacity of 250 TPD for producing both flint and amber bottles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Glass - Mumbai|url=http://www.indianconstructionindustry.com/construction_directory/mumbai/indian_glass.html}}</ref>

In February 2011, Piramal Glass stated that they would be investing Rs.100 crore on capacity expansion at its Jambusar unit in Gujarat through a greenfield project. The project was deemed to be completed by 2011-12.<ref>{{cite news|title=Piramal Glass to invest Rs 100 cr in greenfield project|url=http://www.businessstandard.co.in/india/news/piramal-glass-to-invest-rs-100-cr-in-greenfield-project/126003/on|work=Business Standard}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Hindu|first=The|title=Piramal Glass to invest Rs.100 cr in greenfield project|url=http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/17/stories/2011021764972100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221074940/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/17/stories/2011021764972100.htm|url-status=dead|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 February 2011|archive-date=21 February 2011}}</ref> Furthermore, the company proposed to transfer 75 tonnes of its current capacity in the pharmaceutical segment to the C&P business. It also stated its plans to streamline its global operations in the countries like USA and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite news|work=OneIndia|title=Piramal Glass to invest Rs 100 cr in greenfield project|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2011/02/16/piramalglass-to-invest-rs-100-cr-in-greenfieldproject-aid0126.html}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.pgpfirst.com}}
* [http://glass.piramal.com/pdf/PGL%20Subsidiaries%20Annual%20Report%20-%202012.pdf Annual Report 2012]

[[Category:Glassmaking companies of India]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1984]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Blackstone Inc. companies]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

St. George Orthodox Syrian Church, Kadamattom

2026-01-31T21:39:27Z

DebraToney89: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Kandanad West Orthodox Diocese]]

{{R from subsidiary}}

Raj–Koti

2026-01-25T01:48:17Z

DebraToney89: edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Raj–Koti
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| background = non_performing_personnel
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_date =
| origin = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| instrument =
| genre = [[Film score]], [[World music]]
| occupation = [[Film score composer]], music director, singer
| years_active = 1982–1995
| label =
| website =
}}

'''Thotakura Somaraju''' ({{circa|1954}} – 21 May 2023) and '''[[Koti (composer)|Saluri Koteswara Rao]]''', popularly known as '''Raj–Koti''', were a duo of [[Indian film]] music composers, singer-songwriters, record producers, musicians and multi-instrumentalists in [[Telugu cinema]]. In a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary [[Telugu film]] music. They composed music for about 180 films. Out of their 3,000 songs, about 2,500 were sung by singers [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[K. S. Chithra]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html|title=Music duo|work=My First Show|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904221958/http://www.myfirstshow.com/news/view/5688/Music-duo-Rajkoti-will-be-honoured.html|archive-date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394|title=Raj-Koti Reunited : Special Live show|date=16 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616055252/http://www.ap7am.com/ap7am_show_detail_videos.php?newsid=32394 |accessdate=21 May 2023|archive-date=16 June 2011 }}</ref>

The Raj–Koti duo was among the many prominent South Indian composers for whom [[A. R. Rahman]] has worked as a keyboard programmer for 8 years.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130127014925/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/18/stories/2010031854650500.htm The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Visakhapatnam News : Teaching does not diminish his love for music]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232419/http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman|url-status=dead|title=A.R.Rahman- Indian under Spotlight | Indians in Paris | Musi|archivedate=22 March 2012|accessdate=21 May 2023}}</ref>

In a television interview aired on ABN Andhrajyothy, the duo announced that they were teaming up again in 2012 and reinstating the Raj–Koti brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE_QITOvFq4|title=- YouTube|website=www.youtube.com|accessdate=21 May 2023}}</ref>

==Background==
Thotakura Somaraju (Raj) was the son of [[T. V. Raju]]. He died on 21 May 2023, at the age of 68.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulte.com/movienews/242315/raj-of-raj-koti-passes-away|title=Raj of Raj-Koti Passes Away|first=Nanda|last=Gopal|date=21 May 2023|website=Gulte|accessdate=21 May 2023}}</ref>

Saluri Koteswara Rao (Koti) is the son of [[S. Rajeswara Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/12/stories/2004101200730100.htm|title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Hyderabad : 'Good music emanates from the story'|date=31 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031113142/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/12/stories/2004101200730100.htm |accessdate=21 May 2023|archive-date=31 October 2004 }}</ref>

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Music Director]] – 1994 – ''[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]''

==Discography==
;Raj–Koti
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|*''Pralaya Garjana'' (1982)
*''Bharya Bhartala Sawaal'' (1982)
*''Udayam'' (1984)
*''Ee Theerpu Illalidhi'' (1984)
* ''James Bond 999<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Bond 999 (1984) Telugu Movie Review, Rating - Suman |url=https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/8852?ed=Tolly |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=www.thecinebay.com |archive-date=16 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416185819/https://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/8852?ed=Tolly |url-status=dead }}</ref>'' (1984)
*''Pralaya Simham''<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRALAYA SIMHAM (1984) |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/pralaya-simham-6911/cast-crew|access-date=2023-04-11 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref> (1984)
*''Lady Jamesbond'' (1985)
*''Punnami Rathri'' (1985)
*''Digvijayam'' (1986)
*''Love Master'' (1986)
*''Pelli Kaani Illalu'' (1986)
*''Naa Pilupe Prabhanjanam'' (1986)
*''[[Mandaladeesudu]]'' (1987)
*''[[Madana Gopaludu]]'' (1987)
*''[[Sankharavam (1987 film)|Sankharavam]]'' (1987)
*''Paga Sadhista'' (1987)
*''Rowdy Babai'' (1987)
*''Doctorgari Abbai'' (1987)
*''[[Samsaram (1988 film)|Samsaram]]'' (1988)
*''[[Thodallullu]]'' (1988)
*''[[Jeevana Jyothi (1988 film)|Jeevana Jyothi]]'' (1988)
*''[[Sahasam Cheyara Dimbhaka (1988 film)|Sahasam Cheyara Dimbhaka]]'' (1988)
*''Doragaarintlo Dongodu'' (1988)
*''[[Chikkadu Dorakadu (1988 film)|Chikkadu Dorakadu]]'' (1988)
*''Indradhanassu'' (1988)
*''Prana Snehithulu'' (1988)
*''Ukku Sankellu'' (1988)
*''Veguchukka Pagatichukka'' (1988)
*''[[Yamudiki Mogudu (1988 film)|Yamudiki Mogudu]]'' (1988)
*''[[Khaidi No.786]]'' (1988)
*''[[Rowdy No.1]]'' (1988)
*''[[Bazaar Rowdy (1988 film)|Bazaar Rowdy]]'' (1988)
*''[[Trinetrudu]]'' (1988)
*''Bandipotu'' (1988)
*''Ugranethrudu'' (1988)
*''Maharajasri Mayagaadu'' (1988)
*''[[Lankeswarudu]]'' (1989)
*''Sakshi'' (1989)
*''Paape Maa Pranam'' (1989)
*''Poola Rangadu'' (1989)
*''[[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa (1989 film)|Jayammu Nischayammu Raa]]'' (1989)
*''[[Preminchi Choodu (1989 film)|Preminchi Choodu]]'' (1989)
*''Adavilo Artharatri'' (1989)
*''Palnati Rudraiah'' (1989)
*''Black Tiger'' (1989)
*''Bhale Dampathulu'' (1989)
*''[[Bala Gopaludu]]'' (1989)
*''[[Vicky Daada]]''(1989)
*''[[Rajakeeya Chadarangam]]'' (1989)
*''Manchi Kutumbam'' (1989)
*''[[Goonda Rajyam]]'' (1989)
*''Pinni'' (1989)
*''Bhagavan'' (1989)
*''[[Two Town Rowdy]]'' (1989)
*''[[Koduku Diddina Kapuram (1989 film)|Koduku Didina Kapuram]]'' (1989)
*''[[Anna Thamudu (1990 film)|Anna Thammudu]]'' (1990)
*''Vishnu'' (1990)
*''Judgement'' (1990)
*''Mamasri'' (1990)
*''Sila Sasanam'' (1990)
*''[[Balachandrudu (1990 film)|Balachandrudu]]'' (1990)
*''Irugillu Porugillu'' (1990)
*''Papa Kosam'' (1990)
*''[[Master Kapuram]]'' (1990)
''[[Karthavyam (1990 film)|Karthavyam]]'' (1990)
*''[[Magaadu (1990 film)|Magaadu]]'' (1990)
*''Aadadi'' (1990)
*''Kondaveeti Rowdy'' (1990)
*''[[Rao Gari Intlo Rowdy]]'' (1990)
*''Qaidi Dada'' (1990)
*''Indrajith'' (1990)
* ''Yama Dharma Raju'' (1990)
*''[[Kodama Simham]]'' (1990)
*''[[Raja Vikramarka (1990 film)|Raja Vikramarka]]'' (1990)
*''[[Iddaru Iddare (1990 film)|Iddaru Iddare]]'' (1990)
*''[[Sathruvu]]'' (1990)
*''Bujjigadi Babai'' (1990)
*''[[Stuvartpuram Dongalu]]'' (1991)
*''Ramudu Kadhu Rakshasudu'' (1991)
*''Super Express''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Super Express 1991 Telugu Movie Wiki,Cast Crew,Songs,Videos,Release Date |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/super-express-8671 |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=MovieGQ |language=en}}</ref> (1991)
*''Parama Sivudu'' (1991)
*''Pasidi Pantalu'' (1991)
*''[[Mamagaaru]]'' (1991)
*''[[Peddinti Alludu]]'' (1991)
*''Siva Sakthi'' (1991)
*''[[Pandirimancham]]'' (1991)
*''Naa Pellam Naa Ishtam'' (1991)
*''Nenera Police '' (1991)
*''[[Aagraham (1991 film)|Aagraham]]'' (1991)
*''Akka Mogudu'' (1992)
*''[[Pranadaata]]'' (1992)
*''Bangaru Mama'' (1992)
*''Ahankari'' (1992)
*''[[Rendu Pondatti Kaavalkaaran]]'' (1992; Tamil)
*''Gang War'' (1992)
*''[[Antham]]'' (1992)
*''Pelli Neeku Subham Naaku'' (1992)
*''Collector Gari Alludu'' (1992)
*''[[College Bullodu]]'' (1992)
*''[[Peddarikam]]'' (1992)
*''[[Balaramakrishnulu]]'' (1992)
*''[[Seetharatnam Gari Abbayi]]'' (1992)
*''Alexander'' (1992)
*''Attasommu Alludu Danam'' (1992)
*''[[Snehada Kadalalli]]'' (1992; Kannada)
*''Mogudu Pellala Dongaata'' (1992)
*''[[Edurmaneli Ganda Pakkadmaneli Hendthi]]'' (1992; Kannada)
*''[[Nagaradalli Nayakaru]]'' (1992; Kannada)
*''Public Rowdy'' (1992)
*''[[Rayaru Bandaru Mavana Manege]]'' (1993; Kannada)
*''Inspector Jhansi''(1993)
*''[[Bava Bavamaridi]]'' (1993)
*''Dongalludu'' (1993)
*''[[Muta Mestri]]'' (1993)
*''[[Jamba Lakidi Pamba (1992 film)|Jambalakidi Pamba]]'' (1993)
*''[[Bangaru Bullodu (1993 film)|Bangaru Bullodu]]'' (1993)
*''[[Mechanic Alludu]]'' (1993)
*''Ish Ghup Chup'' (1993)
*''Nakshatra Poratam'' (1993)
*''Paruvu Pratishta'' (1993)
*''[[Nippu Ravva]]'' (1993)
*''Evandi Avida Vachchindi'' (1993)
*''Pelli Gola'' (1993)
*''Rajadhani'' (1993)
*''Ish Gup Chup'' (1993)
*''[[Pekata Papa Rao]]'' (1993)
*''[[Aasayam]]'' (1993)
*''[[Parugo Parugu]]'' (1994)
*''Doragaariki Donga Pellam'' (1994)
*''Mayadari Mosagadu'' (1994)
*''Alludu Poru Ammayi Joru'' (1994)
*''[[Maa Voori Maaraju]]'' (1994)
*''[[Govinda Govinda (1994 film)|Govinda Govinda]]'' (1994)
*''[[Kiladigalu]]'' (1994; Kannada)
*''[[Hello Brother (1994 film)|Hello Brother]]'' (1994)
*''Bhale Mavayya'' (1994)
*''[[Jailor Gari Abbai]]''(1994)
*''Andaroo! Andare!!'' (1994)
*''[[Bangaru Kutumbam]]''(1994)
*''[[Todi Kodallu]]'' (1994)
*''Maga Rayudu'' (1994)
*''Srivari Priyuralu'' (1994)
*''Atha Kodalu'' (1994)
*''[[Maa Voori Maaraju]]'' (1994)
*''Hello Alludu'' (1994)
*''Jeevana Khaidi'' (1994)
*''[[M. Dharmaraju M.A.]]'' (1994)
*''[[Tapassu]]'' (1995)
*''[[Raja Simham]]'' (1995)
*''[[Pokiri Raja]]'' (1995)
*''Leader'' (1995)
*''Aasti Mooredu Aasa Baaredu'' (1995)
*''God Father'' (1995)
*''[[Hogi Pyaar Ki Jeet]]'' (1999) (Hindi; score only)
}}
;Raj's Solo career filmography
*''[[Sisindri]]'' (1995)
*''Bharatha Simham'' (1995)
*''[[Ramudochadu]]'' (1996)
*''[[Mrugam]]'' (1996)
*''Bobbili Bullodu'' (1996)
*''Panjaram'' (1997)
*''Sambhavam'' (1998)
*''[[Premante Idera]]'' (1998) {{small|(BGM)}}
*''[[Chinni Chinni Aasa (1999 film)|Chinni Chinni Aasa]]'' (1999)
*''Prema Kosam'' (1999)
*''Suryaputrika''
*''Lagna Patrika'' (2002)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|9965164}}
* {{discogs artist|Raj-Koti}}

{{authority control}}{{Nandi Award for Best Music Director}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raj-Koti}}
[[Category:Indian musical duos]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1983]]
[[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1995]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1995 disestablishments in India]]

Asian Music Circle

2026-01-20T08:23:00Z

DebraToney89: Starting New Details

{{Short description|English organisation that promoted Indian cultures}}
The '''Asian Music Circle''' (sometimes abbreviated to AMC) was an organisation founded in [[London]], England, in 1946, that promoted [[Music of India|Indian]] and other Asian styles of music, dance and culture in the West. The AMC is credited with having facilitated the assimilation of the [[Indian subcontinent]]'s artistic traditions into mainstream British culture. Founded by Indian writer and former political activist Ayana Angadi and his English wife, [[Patricia Angadi|Patricia Fell-Clarke]], a painter and later a novelist, the organisation was run from their family home in the north London suburb of [[Finchley]]. The Asian Music Circle was the subject of a BBC Radio 4 programme ''Mr and Mrs Angadi'' broadcast on 13 January 2026.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m002ppx7 |title=Mr and Mrs Angadi |first=Sindhu |last=Vee |work=Artworks, BBC Radio 4 |date=13 January 2026 |access-date=18 January 2026}} Stated on the website as “Available for over a year”.</ref>

In the 1950s, with [[Yehudi Menuhin]] as its president, the AMC organised the first Western performances by [[Indian classical music|Indian classical]] musicians [[Ravi Shankar]] and [[Ali Akbar Khan]], as well as [[Vilayat Khan]]'s debut concerts in Britain. During the following decade, the Angadis introduced [[George Harrison]] of [[the Beatles]] to Shankar, initiating an association that saw Indian music reach its peak in international popularity over 1966–68. The Music Circle had its own London-based musicians, some of whom played on Harrison's Indian-style compositions for the Beatles, including "[[Within You Without You]]" from the album ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''.

The AMC is recognised as having introduced [[yoga]] into Britain, through the Angadis' hosting of classes by visiting [[guru]] [[B.K.S. Iyengar]]. The organisation had ceased operation by 1970, when Ayana and Patricia Angadi separated.

==Background and early years==

===Ayana and Patricia Angadi===
Asian Music Circle co-founder Ayana Deva Angadi came to London from [[Bombay]], India, in 1924,<ref name="Visram p 290">Visram, p. 290.</ref> to gain the qualifications necessary for a top position in the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Indian Civil Service]], under what was then [[British rule in India|British imperial rule]].<ref name="Massey p 57">Massey, p. 57.</ref> Instead, he embraced [[Trotskyist]] political philosophy and became an outspoken critic of British imperialism. During the 1930s and 1940s, Angadi wrote journal articles (often as Raj Hansa) and gave public and school lectures throughout the UK;<ref name="Open Uni Angadi" /> having joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]], he discovered that his views were too extreme for the party's more moderate sensibilities.<ref name="Massey p 57" /> Angadi's 1942 treatise ''Japan's Kampf'' impressed Britain's [[Second World War|wartime]] [[Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Information]], but following the war, the authorities suspected him of being an agent for [[Soviet Russia]]'s [[Cominform]] bureau.<ref name="Open Uni Angadi">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131213083852/http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/ayana-deva-angadi "Ayana Deva Angadi"], ''Making Britain'', [[Open University]] (archived version retrieved 23 September 2014).</ref>

Late in 1939, Angadi met Patricia Fell-Clarke at a social event held at London's [[The Dorchester|Dorchester Hotel]].<ref name="Massey pp 58-59" /> The daughter of a wealthy English industrialist,<ref name="Visram p 290" /> Patricia had similarly rejected societal norms, finding her identity as a portrait painter.<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> Despite strong objections from her family and peers,<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /><ref name="Newman p 24" /> the couple were married on May 1 1943.<ref name="Massey pp 58-59">Massey, pp. 58–59.</ref> Patricia would draw inspiration from this disapproval during her later career as a successful novelist, beginning with 1985's ''The Governess''.<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" />

===Founding===
The Angadis lived on the top floor of the Fell-Clarke family residence, in the north London suburb of [[Hampstead]], before Patricia's inheritance allowed them to purchase their own home,<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> a large house at 116 Fitzalan Road, [[Finchley]].<ref name="Newman p 25">Newman, p. 25.</ref><ref>Turner, p. 83.</ref> She and her husband founded the Asian Music Circle (AMC) in 1946,<ref name="Open Uni Angadi" /> with the aim of promoting Asian arts and culture in Britain.<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> With the Fitzalan Road property as their headquarters,<ref>Newman, p. 23, 24–25.</ref><ref name="Turner p 82">Turner, p. 82.</ref> the couple went on to organise music recitals, dance performances and cultural lectures throughout the West.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 57">Lavezzoli, p. 57.</ref>

Visiting performers often stayed with the family, which had grown to include four children by 1949.<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> The third of these was [[Darien Angadi]],<ref>Massey, pp. 60–61.</ref> later a choral soloist<ref>Brian Barratt, [http://www.openwriting.com/archives/2009/10/getting_into_sh_1.php "The Scrivener: Getting Into Shakespeare"], ''Open Writing'', 23 October 2009 (retrieved 23 September 2014).</ref> and an actor in [[Shakespearean]] productions by [[Trevor Nunn]], [[Jonathan Miller]] and [[Herbert Wise]].<ref>[http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Theater/person/2015/;jsessionid=9BF8FC159E4FF7A1BCCBFEF2C49965F2 "Shakespeare in Performance: Darien Angadi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815215654/http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Theater/person/2015/ |date=2014-08-15 }}, Internet Shakespeare Editions, 30 August 2014 (retrieved 23 September 2014).</ref> In his book ''Azaadi!: Stories and Histories of the Indian Subcontinent After Independence'', author and journalist Reginald Massey writes that all the Angadi children were "brilliant and beautiful", with the youngest, Chandrika (or Clare), becoming the first Asian model to appear in ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' magazine.<ref name="Massey p 60">Massey, p. 60.</ref>

==1950s==

===Yehudi Menuhin===
[[File:Yehudi Menuhin 43.jpg|120px|thumb|right|AMC president [[Yehudi Menuhin]] (pictured in 1943)]]
The Asian Music Circle's activities increased during the 1950s, such that some sources give 1953<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', p. 156.</ref> or the mid-decade period as the date of its founding.<ref name="Newman p 24">Newman, p. 24.</ref><ref name="Rodriguez p 114" /> Patricia was appointed chairperson of the Hampstead Artists Council in 1953, and among her portrait subjects were Labour MP [[Fenner Brockway]] and the American classical violinist [[Yehudi Menuhin]].<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> Another notable connection was [[Benjamin Britten]], the English classical composer, who served as the AMC's vice-president.<ref name="Newman p 24" /> That same year, the AMC announced that its mission was to "[foster] the appreciation and study of the Music and Dances of all Asian countries, thereby creating greater understanding of Asian peoples and cultures".<ref>Womack, p. 584.</ref>

[[File:Benjamin Britten, London Records 1968 publicity photo for Wikipedia crop.jpg|180px|thumb|left|English composer [[Benjamin Britten]] in 1968]]
Also in 1953, Menuhin became the Music Circle's president, having made a visit to India, early the previous year, that had inspired him to enlighten Western listeners to the country's musical and cultural heritage.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 57, 60.</ref><ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 135, 138, 156.</ref> In his 2006 book ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', author Peter Lavezzoli writes of the violinist's role in the AMC: "Menuhin was the ideal candidate for its leadership. In light of his relentless work schedule, he set about achieving his aim with remarkable speed."<ref name="Lavezzoli p 57" /> Britten also made a tour of India, in 1956,<ref name="Cooke p 214" /> and began incorporating Indian and other Asian influences in his composing.<ref>Carpenter, pp. 434–35, 478.</ref> In June 1958, the AMC presented an Indian music and dance program as a part of the [[Aldeburgh Festival]],<ref name="Cooke p 214">Cooke, p. 214.</ref> an annual event co-founded by Britten in the late 1940s.<ref>Carpenter, p. 19.</ref>

Following Menuhin's second Indian tour, in 1954, he invited [[yoga]] teacher [[B.K.S. Iyengar]] to Europe.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 57–58.</ref> According to Massey, the popularity of yoga in the UK originates from the day that the Angadis hosted a demonstration by Iyengar at their north London home, attended by some of their friends.<ref name="Massey p 58">Massey, p. 58.</ref> Massey also credits the Asian Music Circle, and specifically Ayana Angadi, with "making the arts of the [[Indian subcontinent|subcontinent]] a part of British cultural life".<ref>Massey, p. 10.</ref> The [[Open University]]'s ''Making Britain'' project has similarly written of the AMC's achievements: "This organization introduced Indian music, dance and yoga to the British public, paving the way for musicians such as [[Ravi Shankar]] and [[Ali Akbar Khan]]."<ref name="Open Uni Angadi" />
{{Clear}}

===First Western performances by Ali Akbar Khan and Ravi Shankar===
In 1955, through his role as AMC president, Menuhin gained funding from the [[Ford Foundation]] and [[John D. Rockefeller]]'s Asia Society to stage the Living Arts of India Festival, in New York.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 58">Lavezzoli, p. 58.</ref> His original choice for the festival's featured musical performer was Ravi Shankar, after Menuhin had attended a private concert by the [[sitar]] virtuoso while in Delhi, in February 1952.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 46–47, 58.</ref> Shankar was forced to turn down the opportunity, in an effort to save his failing marriage to [[Annapurna Devi]], and instead recommended his brother-in-law, master [[sarod]] player Ali Akbar Khan.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 138, 139.</ref><ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 52, 58.</ref>

[[File:Ravi Shankar recording for Pather Panchali.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Ravi Shankar]], pictured in Bombay during the recording of his score for the 1955 film ''[[Pather Panchali]]'']]
The Living Arts festival, held in April 1955, marked both the first formal recital of Indian classical music in America, when Khan played at the [[Museum of Modern Art]] (MoMA),<ref name="Hunt/AAK obit">Ken Hunt, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ustad-ali-akbar-khan-sarod-maestro-who-played-with-ravi-shankar-and-appeared-at-the-concert-for-bangladesh-1717981.html "Ustad Ali Akbar Khan: Sarod maestro who played with Ravi Shankar and appeared at the Concert for Bangladesh"], ''[[The Independent]]'', 25 June 2009 (retrieved 8 December 2013).</ref> and the first appearance on US television by Indian classical artists, after Khan and his accompanists, as well as [[Bharat Natyam]] dancer [[Shanta Rao]], performed on the arts and sciences show ''[[Omnibus (U.S. TV series)|Omnibus]]''.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 59">Lavezzoli, p. 59.</ref> While in New York, Khan recorded ''[[Music of India: Morning and Evening Ragas]]'' (1955), the debut album release for Indian classical music.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 59" /><ref name="Rough Guide p 109">''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 109.</ref> In addition to concerts at the MoMA – Khan's first outside India – Menuhin and the Asian Music Circle arranged other recitals for what amounted to a short US tour.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 58, 60, 61, 176.</ref>

Menuhin subsequently organised for Khan to play in London later that year, at [[St Pancras Town Hall]].<ref name="Hunt/AAK obit" /> The AMC then brought Ravi Shankar to Britain,<ref name="Massey p 58" /> where the [[sitarist]] made his Western concert debut in October 1956 with a performance at London's [[Friends House]].<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 139, 142.</ref> After Shankar's 1956 visit, arrangements for his annual UK concert tours were shared between the Music Circle and promoter John Coast.<ref>Shankar, ''Raga Mala'', pp. 155–56.</ref> The AMC also brought sitarist [[Vilayat Khan]] to the UK for the first time,<ref name="Massey p 58" /><ref>Turner, p. 84.</ref> a musician considered to be the era's leading exponent of sitar, together with Shankar.<ref>''World Music: The Rough Guide'', p. 77.</ref><ref>Gowri Ramnarayan, [https://web.archive.org/web/20080123074027/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/03/28/stories/2004032800460500.htm "No Compromises in His Art"], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 28 March 2004 (retrieved 24 September 2014).</ref>

===AMC's local music network===
The Music Circle maintained a list of London-based Indian musicians, who were available to visiting Indian artists, as backing players. In addition, these musicians performed locally themselves, as a group, and the Angadis offered their services for film and recording work.<ref name="Newman p 24" /> One such musician was [[Keshav Sathe]], a [[tabla]] player from Bombay who was with the AMC over 1957–59 before going on to accompany sitarist [[Bhaskar Chandavarkar]],<ref>Carr, Fairweather & Priestley, p. 698.</ref> a student of Shankar's.<ref>Harsh Kabra, [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/article2275409.ece "Master Musician"], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 15 July 2007 (retrieved 23 September 2014).</ref>

==1960s==

===Iyengar Yoga, South Asian dance, and the growth in Indian cultural influence===
[[File:Bharata Natyam Performance DS.jpg|140px|thumb|left|[[Bharat Natyam]], a traditional dance form, was one of several aspects of Asian culture that the Music Circle helped to assimilate into Britain.]]
On one of B.K.S. Iyengar's visits to London in the early 1960s, he began holding instruction classes at the Fitzalan Road house, with future author and yoga practitioner Silva Mehta in attendance.<ref name="Iyengar p xvi">Iyengar, p. xvi.</ref> The date for when these evening classes continued in Iyengar's absence, 18 July 1961, has been cited as the birth of [[Iyengar Yoga]].<ref name="Iyengar p xvi" />

Among activities by the Angadis' pool of local musicians, [[George Martin]], a staff producer with [[EMI]]-owned [[Parlophone Records]], employed members of the AMC on a recording by comedian [[Peter Sellers]] in the early 1960s.<ref name="Rodriguez p 114">Rodriguez, p. 114.</ref><ref name="Newman 22 23">Newman, pp. 22–23.</ref> EMI continued to use Ayana Angadi as a consultant of sorts on matters relating to Indian music.<ref>Newman, p. 22.</ref>

In 1962, Martin began working with a new Parlophone signing, [[the Beatles]],<ref>Tillery, pp. 26–27.</ref> whose second feature film, ''[[Help! (film)|Help!]]'' (1965), reflected the West's increased interest in Indian culture.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 173–74.</ref><ref>Palash Ghosh, [http://www.ibtimes.com/george-harrison-india-real-magical-mystery-tour-212539 "George Harrison and India: The Real 'Magical Mystery Tour'"], ''[[International Business Times]]'', 17 November 2011 (retrieved 24 September 2014).</ref><ref>Inglis, p. 136.</ref> While discussing the extent of this influence by the middle of that decade, author Ray Newman quotes from the book ''The New London Spy'' by [[Hunter Davies]],<ref>Newman, p. 11.</ref> who wrote: "Indian restaurants, Indian food, Indian shops, Indian cinemas, Indian concerts, Indian plays, yoga, gurus and contemplation are now all so much part of the London scene that when a grey Bentley drew into a [[Swiss Cottage]] petrol station recently and a 6 ft. 6 in. Sikh stepped out wearing a purple turban, green raw silk coat, white jodhpurs, gold slippers and an oriental dagger with a gem-studded hilt, the Irish attendant did not bother to take more than a passing glance."<ref>Davies, p. 249.</ref>

South Asian dance also achieved lasting popularity and influence in the UK for the first time. British audiences had been introduced to the discipline by [[Uday Shankar]]'s troupe during the 1920s, but South Asian dancers had struggled for recognition over the ensuing decades.<ref>Khan, pp. 25–26.</ref> According to cultural historian [[Naseem Khan (activist)|Naseem Khan]], a "new story" began in 1966 when the Asian Music Circle presented the country's first formal Indian dances classes.<ref name="Khan p 26" /> The enduring success of these classes rested on the Angadis' decision to bring over, from South India, two instructors who had studied Bharat Natyam in the authentic [[guru]]–kula tradition. The instructors – a married couple named Krishna Rao and Chandrabhaga Devi – went on to form a dance company with their students and tour throughout Britain, Ireland and Belgium.<ref name="Khan p 26">Khan, p. 26.</ref>
{{-}}

===Association with the Beatles===
[[File:The Beatles arrive at Schiphol Airport 1964-06-05 - George Harrison 916-5132 cropped.jpg|160px|right|thumb|alt=A young man is seated in front of a microphone near the centre of the picture, smoking a cigarette. Behind him, partially visible, stand several young women.|[[George Harrison]] at a Beatles press conference in 1964]]
In October 1965, Martin was producing a session for the Beatles song "[[Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)|Norwegian Wood]]",<ref>MacDonald, p. 144.</ref> which featured [[George Harrison]] playing sitar, an instrument that the guitarist had never before used on a recording.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 173, 174.</ref> When Harrison broke a string during the session, Martin suggested that the band contact Angadi to get a replacement.<ref>Newman, pp. 22, 23.</ref> [[Ringo Starr]] then telephoned the Fitzalan Road house and made the request.<ref name="Turner p 82" /><ref name="Newman p 23" /> According to the Angadis' eldest son,<ref name="Massey p 60" /> Shankara, the whole family delivered the new string to EMI's [[Abbey Road Studios]] and watched the recording being made.<ref name="Newman p 23">Newman, p. 23.</ref>

Keen to progress on the instrument, Harrison received tuition from one of the Music Circle's sitar players.<ref name="Rodriguez p 114" /><ref>Newman, pp. 23, 25.</ref> Harrison then became a regular visitor to Fitzalan Road,<ref name="Newman p 25" /> attending recitals held there with his wife, [[Pattie Boyd]].<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit">Sarah Harrison, [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/jul/17/guardianobituaries.books "Patricia Angadi: Painter and novelist who introduced the Beatles to Ravi Shankar"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 17 July 2001 (retrieved 9 December 2016).</ref><ref name="Tillery p 55">Tillery, p. 55.</ref> Harrison and Boyd also had their portrait painted by Patricia during this time.<ref name="Guardian/Patricia obit" /> The proximity to the Angadis and their network furthered Harrison's interest in Indian music and culture, which he immediately absorbed into the Beatles' work.<ref>Turner, pp. 84–85, 228.</ref>

When recording his first Indian-styled composition for the Beatles, "[[Love You To]]", in April 1966,<ref>Miles, p. 229.</ref> Harrison used a tabla player, Anil Bhagwat, at the recommendation of Patricia Angadi.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 175–76.</ref> Other AMC musicians appeared on the recording, playing [[Tanpura|tambura]] and sitar.<ref>MacDonald, p. 172.</ref> Bhagwat, who was funding his university education through his musical activities, received £35 for the session<ref>Turner, p. 229.</ref> and later described it as "one of the most exciting times of my life".<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 176.</ref> In the pop milieu, the song marked the first example of an artist capturing a non-Western musical form authentically, in its structure and arrangement,<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 175.</ref> and of Asian music being adapted without parody.<ref>David B. Reck, "Beatles Orientalis: Influences from Asia in a Popular Song Form", ''[[Society for Asian Music|Asian Music]]'' (vol. XVI), 1985, p. 102.</ref> Bhagwat received a credit on the band's ''[[Revolver (Beatles album)|Revolver]]'' album sleeve, a rare acknowledgement for an outside musician on a Beatles release.<ref>Rodriguez, pp. 115, 138.</ref><ref>Turner, p. 231.</ref>

===Shankar and George Harrison===
While also crediting the AMC with introducing Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan and other leading Indian classical musicians to British audiences, Massey writes of Ayana Angadi having a "seminal" influence on Western culture, due to his role in introducing George Harrison to Ravi Shankar.<ref name="Massey p 58" /> The meeting occurred on 1 June 1966<ref>Tillery, p. 160.</ref> when the Angadi family hosted a dinner to honour Shankar, who was in the UK for a series of performances that would include his historic duet with Menuhin at the [[Bath International Music Festival|Bath Musical Festival]].<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 62, 176.</ref> Although not invited, [[Paul McCartney]] also attended the dinner,<ref>Shankar, ''My Music, My Life'', p. 100.</ref> since he was eager to meet the sitarist.<ref name="Newman p 26">Newman, p. 26.</ref> Shankar agreed to accept Harrison as his sitar student, so beginning an association that, music critic [[Ken Hunt (music journalist)|Ken Hunt]] writes, "brought Indian music real global attention".<ref name="Rough Guide pp 109, 110">''World Music: The Rough Guide'', pp. 109, 110.</ref>

Harrison's friendship with the sitarist – already the best-known Indian classical musician internationally – increased Shankar's standing to that of a rock star<ref name=Glass>Philip Glass, [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/arts/george-harrison-world-music-catalyst-great-souled-man-open-influence-unfamiliar.html?pagewanted=all "George Harrison, World-Music Catalyst and Great-Souled Man; Open to the Influence of Unfamiliar Cultures"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 9 December 2001 (retrieved 24 September 2014).</ref> and initiated Indian music's peak in popularity in the West, during the second half of the 1960s.<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 171–72, 172–73.</ref> The meeting at Fitzalan Road is covered in [[Ajoy Bose]]'s 2021 documentary ''[[The Beatles and India]]'', in which Shankara Angadi describes McCartney as seeming out of his depth, but not Harrison, who Boyd says must have known Shankar "in a past life".<ref name="Paphides/Uncut" /> In his review of the film for ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'', [[Pete Paphides]] terms this initial meeting at the AMC a "momentous encounter", given the cultural impact of the Beatles' association with India.<ref name="Paphides/Uncut">Pete Paphides, [https://www.uncut.co.uk/reviews/dvd/the-beatles-and-india-134288/ "The Beatles and India: The Maharishi, Magic Alex and some myths unravelled"], ''[[Uncut (magazine)|Uncut]]'', 8 October 2021 (retrieved 27 October 2021).</ref>

The Asian Music Circle's cause also profited from Harrison's involvement and the heightened interest in Indian culture during this period.<ref>Newman, p. 31.</ref> His visits to Fitzalan Road ended in late 1966, however. Speaking to Newman, Shankara recalled: "My father was a difficult character, in some ways. He was chaotic, and never really pulled anything off he set out to do. He probably asked George for money, and that was the end of that relationship."<ref>Newman, pp. 31–32.</ref>

===Further Indian music recordings by Harrison===
In March 1967, Harrison again consulted the Music Circle to find suitable musicians for one of his recordings.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 178">Lavezzoli, p. 178.</ref> The song, "[[Within You Without You]]", features AMC members on instruments such as [[dilruba]] and tabla,<ref>MacDonald, pp. 214, 215.</ref> and appeared on the Beatles' seminal album ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''.<ref>Tillery, pp. 59, 160.</ref> Aside from the Western string orchestration arranged and [[Overdubbing|overdubbed]] by Martin,<ref>Tillery, p. 59.</ref> and Beatles assistant [[Neil Aspinall]] playing one of the tambura parts,<ref name="MacDonald p 215" /> Harrison and the Indian players were the only musicians on the track.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 178" /><ref>Inglis, p. 8.</ref> None of the Music Circle personnel were credited by name,<ref name="MacDonald p 215">MacDonald, p. 215.</ref> a situation that Lavezzoli finds regrettable, given the quality of the tabla and dilruba playing.<ref name="Lavezzoli p 178" /> Research undertaken by the [[University of Liverpool]]'s Department of Music has since identified the four musicians as Anna Joshi, Amrit Gajjar (both dilruba), Buddhadev Kansara (tambura) and Natwar Soni (tabla).<ref>[https://news.liverpool.ac.uk/2017/06/06/unrecognised-sgt-peppers-indian-musicians-perform-tracked-liverpool-academic/ "Unrecognised Sgt. Pepper Indian musicians to perform after being tracked down by Liverpool academic"], [[University of Liverpool]], 6 June 2017 (retrieved 12 June 2017).</ref><ref>Staff reporter, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180327212015/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170610/jsp/nation/story_156112.jsp "Forgotten Indians in Beatles album tracked"], ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'' (Calcutta), 9 June 2017 (retrieved 14 June 2017).</ref>

Talking to Hunter Davies, Harrison bemoaned how, although the AMC's musicians played "much better than any Western musicians could do",<ref>Jordan Runtagh, [https://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/sgt-pepper-at-50-inside-within-you-without-you-w483668 "Beatles' 'Sgt. Pepper' at 50: How George Harrison Found Himself on 'Within You Without You'"], [[Rolling Stone|rollingstone.com]], 25 May 2017 (retrieved 3 June 2017).</ref> the fact that they had daytime jobs and only played music part-time was reflected in their abilities in some cases.<ref name="Newman p 26" /> Harrison's next recordings in the genre were for the soundtrack to [[Joe Massot]]'s film ''[[Wonderwall (film)|Wonderwall]]'', part of which was issued as his first solo album, ''[[Wonderwall Music]]'' (1968).<ref>Lavezzoli, p. 182.</ref> Harrison started the sessions in November 1967, again at Abbey Road, with an unnamed tabla player among the line-up of contributors.<ref>Miles, p. 283.</ref> Looking for greater authenticity, he then travelled to Bombay in January 1968<ref>Alan Clayson, "Off the Wall", in ''[[Mojo (magazine)#Special editions|Mojo Special Limited Edition]]: The Beatles' Final Years Special Edition: 1000 Days of Revolution (The Beatles' Final Years – Jan 1, 1968 to Sept 27, 1970)'', Emap (London, 2003), p. 50.</ref> and recorded at [[Saregama|His Master's Voice's]] studios with musicians including [[Shivkumar Sharma]], [[Aashish Khan]] and [[Hariprasad Chaurasia]].<ref>Lavezzoli, pp. 182–83.</ref>

==Disbandment==
By 1970 the Asian Music Circle had ceased operating, as the Angadis separated. That year, Angadi returned to India, and Patricia moved to a house in Hampstead's [[Flask Walk]].<ref name="ODNB">Reginald Massey, "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/73277/76018 Angadi, Patricia Clare (1914–2001), novelist and painter]", [[Oxford Dictionary of National Biographies|oxforddnb.com]] (retrieved 23 November 2017; subscription required).</ref>

In December 1992, George Harrison became the first recipient of the [[Billboard Music Award|Billboard Century Award]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080430083553/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/yearend/2005/century/archive.jsp "Billboard Century Awards – Music Artists Biography – Music Artist Interviews"], [[Billboard (magazine)|billboard.com]], 14 February 2006 (archived version retrieved 2 April 2021).</ref> partly through the former Beatle's "critical role in laying the groundwork for the modern concept of [[world music]]" with his Indian-influenced songs, and for his having "advanced society's comprehension of the spiritual and altruistic power of popular music".<ref>Timothy White, "George Harrison, First Recipient of the Century Award", ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', 5 December 1992, p. 21.</ref> In an interview coinciding with the award, Harrison said the AMC's work had continued through the larger and more professionally organised [[Asian Music Circuit]].<ref>Kahn, p. 504.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''Benjamin Britten: A Biography'', Faber and Faber (London, 1992; {{ISBN|0-571-14324-5}}).
* [[Ian Carr]], [[Digby Fairweather]] & [[Brian Priestley]], ''The Rough Guide to Jazz'', Rough Guides (London, 2004; {{ISBN|978-1-84353-256-9}}).
* Mervyn Cooke, ''Britten and the Far East: Asian Influences in the Music of Benjamin Britten'', The Boydell Press (Woodbridge, UK, 1998; {{ISBN|0-85115-830-7}}).
* [[Hunter Davies]] (ed.), ''The New London Spy'', Anthony Blond (London, 1966; {{ISBN|978-0-218-51438-4}}).
* Ian Inglis, ''The Words and Music of George Harrison'', Praeger (Santa Barbara, CA, 2010; {{ISBN|978-0-313-37532-3}}).
* [[B. K. S. Iyengar|B.K.S. Iyengar]] with Kofi Busia, ''Iyengar: The Yoga Master'', Shambhala Publications (Boston, MA, 2007; {{ISBN|978-1-59030-524-9}}).
* [[Ashley Kahn]] (ed.), ''George Harrison on George Harrison: Interviews and Encounters'', Chicago Review Press (Chicago, IL, 2020; {{ISBN|978-1-64160-051-4}}).
* [[Naseem Khan (activist)|Naseem Khan]], "South Asian Dance in Britain 1960–1995", in Alessandra Iyer (ed.), ''South Asian Dance: The British Experience'', Taylor & Francis (Abingdon, UK, 1997; {{ISBN|978-9-057-02043-8}}), pp. 25–30.
* Peter Lavezzoli, ''The Dawn of Indian Music in the West'', Continuum (New York, NY, 2006; {{ISBN|0-8264-2819-3}}).
* [[Ian MacDonald]], ''Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties'', Pimlico (London, 1998; {{ISBN|0-7126-6697-4}}).
* Reginald Massey, ''Azaadi!: Stories and Histories of the Indian Subcontinent After Independence'', Abhinav Publications (New Delhi, NCT, 2005; {{ISBN|81-7017-469-4}}).
* [[Barry Miles]], ''The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years'', Omnibus Press (London, 2001; {{ISBN|0-7119-8308-9}}).
* Ray Newman, [http://www.earcandymag.com/beatles-abracadabrabook-india.htm "Chapter 2: Hunting Tigers Out in Indiah"], ''Abracadabra! The Complete Story of the Beatles' Revolver'', Popkult Books (London, 2006), pp. 11–32.
* Robert Rodriguez, ''Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll'', Backbeat Books (Milwaukee, WI, 2012; {{ISBN|978-1-61713-009-0}}).
* [[Ravi Shankar]], ''My Music, My Life'', Mandala Publishing (San Rafael, CA, 2007 [1968]; {{ISBN|978-1-60109-005-8}}).
* Ravi Shankar, ''Raga Mala: The Autobiography of Ravi Shankar'', Welcome Rain (New York, NY, 1999; {{ISBN|1-56649-104-5}}).
* [[Gary Tillery]], ''Working Class Mystic: A Spiritual Biography of George Harrison'', Quest Books (Wheaton, IL, 2011; {{ISBN|978-0-8356-0900-5}}).
* [[Steve Turner (writer)|Steve Turner]], ''Beatles '66: The Revolutionary Year'', HarperLuxe (New York, NY, 2016; {{ISBN|978-0-06-249713-0}}).
* Rozina Visram, ''Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History'', Pluto Press (London, 2002; {{ISBN|978-0-7453-1373-3}}).
* [[Kenneth Womack]], ''The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four'', ABC-CLIO (Santa Barbara, CA, 2014; {{ISBN|978-0-313-39171-2}}).
* ''World Music: The Rough Guide (Volume 2: Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific)'', Rough Guides/Penguin (London, 2000; {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}}).
{{refend}}

{{George Harrison}}
{{Ravi Shankar}}

[[Category:Music organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:The Beatles and India]]

Manikandan

2025-12-30T06:49:09Z

DebraToney89: created a info

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Other uses|Manikandan (name)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manikandan
| image =
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|11|29}}<ref>http://www.nadigarsangam.org/member/k-manikandan-2/ {{dead link|date=May 2022}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| occupation = Actor
| othername = Boys Manikandan
| yearsactive = {{Ubl | 2003–2014 | 2023–present}}
| spouse =
}}

'''Manikanda''' is an Indian actor who appears in [[Tamil language film]]s. He has acted in films including ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' (2003) and ''[[Kicha Vayasu 16]]'' (2005). He had a career resurgence with ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' (2024).

==Career==
Manikandan, a visual communications graduate who had featured in [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]]'s dance troupe doing stage shows, was selected by [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] to feature in his coming-of-age film ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' after impressing in auditions.<ref name="boys">{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13224644&cid=2408 |title=Welcome to |website=[[Sify]] |date=20 January 2007 |accessdate=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021141818/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13224644&cid=2408 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=mani>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/News/1-12-04/manikandan_interview.htm|title="Boys" Manikandan Interview|website=Behindwoods|access-date=12 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041208050416/http://www.behindwoods.com/News/1-12-04/manikandan_interview.htm|archive-date=8 December 2004}}</ref> He shot for the film throughout 2002 alongside fellow debutants [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Genelia D'Souza]], [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Nakul (actor)|Nakul]] and [[Thaman]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/aug/27boys.htm |title=Ravi K Chandran on Boys |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> The story centerd on six youngsters, conveying a message about the importance of good education and career over distractions, such as romance and sex, and marked a move away from Shankar's usual brand of vigilante films, gaining much publicity prior to release.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shankar has taken Tamil films to new depths |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/09boys.htm |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> The film opened to mixed reviews but became successful at the box office, with reviewers noting the ensemble cast as "excellent".<ref>{{cite web |date=5 September 2003 |title=Boys |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/09/05/stories/2003090501390200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031208173306/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/09/05/stories/2003090501390200.htm |archive-date=8 December 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boys-review-tamil-13236807.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716160229/http://www.sify.com/movies/boys-review-tamil-13236807.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 July 2014 |title=Movie Review : Boys |work=Sify.com |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> In the following years, while the other five debut actors have been successful, Manikandan has struggled to receive acclaim and feature in high-profile films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/features/Interviews/interview-5/actor/nakul.html |title=ACTOR NAKUL INTERVIEW |website=Behindwoods.com |date= |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref>

Notably, director Shankar revealed that Manikandan was edged by Bharath to star in [[Balaji Sakthivel]]'s ''[[Kaadhal]]'' (2004), which had won Bharath significant acclaim.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/striking-gold-shankar-style/article3231785.ece |title=Striking gold, Shankar style – MADS |work=The Hindu |date=22 December 2006 |accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> Manikandan subsequently received offers to feature as the lead actor in ''[[Kadhal FM]]'' (2005) and then alongside [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] in ''[[Kicha Vayasu 16]]'', but both films were low key releases and fared poorly at the box office.<ref name=mani /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2005/02kfm.asp |title=Kadhal FM |website=Chennai Online |access-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014120639/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2005/02kfm.asp |archive-date=14 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He missed opportunities to act in ''[[Thenmerku Paruvakaatru]]'' (2010) and ''[[Soodhu Kavvum]]'' (2013), which catapulted [[Vijay Sethupathi]] to stardom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/boys-actor-manikandan-exclusive-video-interview-indiaglitz-why-he-failed-bagheera-tamil-news-293195|title=Exclusive! 'Boys' actor Manikandan opens up for the first time about why he failed as an actor|date=17 August 2021|work=Indiaglitz}}</ref> He has since starred in several low-budget films, including ''[[Gurusamy]]'' and ''[[Kaadhal 2014]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=13113&id1=3 |title=வில்லனாக மாறிய ஹீரோ [Hero turned as villain] |language=ta |work=Dinakaran |access-date=19 March 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317020642/https://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=13113&id1=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Manikandan made his acting comeback in 2023 with [[Adhik Ravichandran]]'s directorial films ''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' and ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]''. In 2024, he received praise from film critics for his portrayal of Dhana, one of the villains, in the revenge film starring Vijay Sethupathi titled ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]''.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !!class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| 2003 || ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' || Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2005 || ''[[Kadhal FM]]'' || Manikandan ||
|-
| ''[[Kicha Vayasu 16]]'' || Kicha ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Yuga (2006 film)|Yuga]]'' || Rishi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010 || ''[[Bayam Ariyaan]]'' || Pazham ||
|-
| ''[[Moscowin Kavery]]'' || Moscow's friend ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Gurusamy]]'' || Subramani ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Kaadhal 2014]]'' || Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2023 || ''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' || Police Officer ||
|-
| ''[[Mark Antony (2023 film)|Mark Antony]]'' || Kumar ||
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Maharaja (2024 film)|Maharaja]]'' || Dhana ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|1416276}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manikandan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:1980 births]]

Sree Kanteerava Stadium

2025-12-24T05:33:13Z

DebraToney89: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{Short description|Sports stadium in Bengaluru, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox venue
| name = Sree Kanteerava Outdoor Stadium
| nickname = ''Sampangi Outdoor Stadium''
| image = File:Sree Kanteerava Stadium.jpg
| image_size = 270px
| caption =
| fullname = Shree Kanteerava Outdoor Stadium
| former_names = Sampangi Stadium
| location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|12.9697|77.5934|display=inline,title|format=dms|type:landmark_scale:3000}}
| broke_ground =
| built = {{start date and age|1946|df=y|p=y}}
| opened = 31 May 1997
| renovated =
| expanded =
| closed =
| demolished =
| owner = Bengaluru Municipality
| operator =
| surface =
| scoreboard =
| cost =
| suites =
| architect =
| project_manager =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| general_contractor = SVEC Constructions Ltd.
| main_contractors =
| capacity = 25,810<ref name="capacity ISL">{{cite web|title=Sree Kanteerava Stadium|access-date=12 March 2018|publisher=Indian Super League|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/656-bengaluru-fc-profile/venue/|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313155455/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/656-bengaluru-fc-profile/venue/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| executive_suites =
| dimensions =
| acreage =
| tenants = [[India national football team]] (2014–present) [[Bengaluru FC]] (2014–present)
| public_transit = {{rint|bengaluru|metro}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}} [[Cubbon Park metro station|Cubbon Park]]
}}

'''Sree Kanteerava Outdoor Stadium''', also known as '''Sampangi Outdoor Stadium''', is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] in [[Bangalore]], [[India]]. It houses a [[All-weather running track|running track]], a [[Volleyball|volleyball court]], and two outdoor rock [[climbing wall]]s. The stadium is owned by the Department of Youth Empowerment and Sports, [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref name="tnie1">{{cite web |title=Whose stadium is Bengaluru's Kanteerava, anyway? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/may/18/whose-stadium-is-bengalurus-kanteerava-anyway-1606135.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=18 May 2017 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114155331/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/may/18/whose-stadium-is-bengalurus-kanteerava-anyway-1606135.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the largest sports complex in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Condoms, syringes found in Kanteerava Stadium: Sports park in the day, illegal den of vice by night? |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/condoms-syringes-found-kanteerava-stadium-sports-park-day-illegal-den-vice-night-36081 |website=The News Minute |access-date=14 November 2021 |language=en |date=18 November 2015 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114163734/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/condoms-syringes-found-kanteerava-stadium-sports-park-day-illegal-den-vice-night-36081 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Renamed after Yuvaraja [[Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar]], the stadium, constructed on the bed of the Sampangi Lake, was inaugurated in 1946 by his son Maharaja [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamaraja Wadiyar]]. Then housing a cinder track, a synthetic running track was laid in the 1990s leading up to the 1997 [[National Games of India]] for {{INR}}220 million, and was completed by 31 May 1997.<ref name="Coliseum">{{cite web |title=Massive capital injection for India stadium |url=https://www.coliseum-online.com/massive-capital-injection-for-india-stadium |website=Coliseum |access-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114160326/https://www.coliseum-online.com/massive-capital-injection-for-india-stadium |archive-date=14 November 2021 |date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

==Stadium==
The stadium was established in 1946 and was named Sampangi Stadium.<ref name="Milkha">{{cite web |last1=Sridhar |first1=Shrivathsa |title=Flying Sikh sprints down memory track, recalls Bangalore visit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/flying-sikh-sprints-down-memory-track-recalls-bangalore-visit/articleshow/41373320.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=14 November 2021 |language=en |date=1 September 2014 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114152735/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/flying-sikh-sprints-down-memory-track-recalls-bangalore-visit/articleshow/41373320.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It was built on the bed of Sampangi Lake which was perceived as an environmental hazard and was drained in 1937 after it was neglected following supply of piped water from the [[Hesaraghatta Lake]] within Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shekhar |first1=Divya |title=How the lakes died as Bengaluru modernised |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-the-lakes-died-as-bengaluru-modernised/articleshow/61815368.cms |website=The Economic Times |access-date=14 November 2021 |date=27 November 2017 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114152736/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/how-the-lakes-died-as-bengaluru-modernised/articleshow/61815368.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The stadium had a six-lane [[cinder track]] then, before the present synthetic track was laid. Sprinter [[Milkha Singh]] trained here in 1952.<ref name="Milkha"/> The stadium hosted the touring [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union national team]] in an exhibition game against the Mysore State XI in February 1955. The Soviets won 7–1.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russians Score 7-1 Win Over Mysore In Exhibition Soccer |work=The Indian Express |date=20 February 1955 |page=16}}</ref> Other sporting events held in the stadium include the final of the 1962 edition of the [[Santosh Trophy]] which the home [[Karnataka football team|Mysore]] team (now Karnataka team) won, and the 1996 edition of the National Games.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Samuel |first1=Josey |title=Kanteerava going off track |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/297327/kanteerava-going-off-track.html |website=Deccan Herald |access-date=14 November 2021 |language=en |date=8 December 2012}}</ref>

===Central arena===
[[File:Sree Kanteerava Stadium.jpg|thumb|A view of the stadium]]
The central arena of the stadium consists of an eight-lane 400-metre synthetic athletic track, along with synthetic surfaced areas for field events like Shotput, Discuss, Javelin, Hammer throws, long jump, high jump, triple jump and pole vault. In addition to sporting events, the stadium also hosts [[walkathon]], [[filmmaking]], rallies and [[exhibition]].<ref name="tnie1"/>

The stadium contains four large arched entrances leading on to the inner field and lower spectator stands. The stadium has eight ramps taking spectators to the upper stands. Thus in total, 12 gates for spectators serve the stadium.<ref name="Coliseum"/>

==Average attendances==

{{row counter|{| class{{=}}"wikitable sortable"
!Tenants!!League season!!Home games!!Average attendance<ref>https://www.espn.in/football/stats/_/league/IND.1/view/performance</ref>
|-
| [[Bengaluru FC]] || 2023-24 || 11 || 8,059
|-
| [[Bengaluru FC]] || 2022-23 || 10 || 11,371
|-
|} }}

==See also==
* [[Kanteerava Indoor Stadium]]
* [[List of stadiums in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Football stadiums in India}}
{{Bangalore}}

[[Category:Football in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Football venues in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Multi-purpose stadiums in India]]
[[Category:Athletics venues in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC]]
[[Category:1946 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1946]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

{{India-sports-venue-stub}}

Renuka Ji

2025-12-07T20:23:13Z

DebraToney89: Created A Post - done

{{short description|Settlement and Hindu Shrine in Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Renukaji Temple
| image = Renuka_ji_temple,_Himachal_Pradesh.JPG
| image_size =
| alt = Renukaji Temple on [[Renuka Lake]]
| caption = Sri Renukaji temple on the banks of [[Renuka Lake]]
| map_type = India Himachal Pradesh
| map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| map_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|31|36|35|N|77|27|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
| location = Renukaji (Renuka Lake)
| elevation_m = 660
| deity = [[Renuka]] (Renukaji)
| festivals = Renuka Ji Fair (annual; [[Prabodhini Ekadashi]] observances)
| temple_tank = [[Renuka Lake]]
| architecture = [[Hindu temple]]
| governing_body = Renuka Vikas Board; Himachal Pradesh Forest/Environment authorities
}}
{{Infobox settlement
| embed = no
| name = Renukaji
| other_name = Renuka Ji रेणुका जी श्री रेणुका जी
| native_name_lang = hi
| settlement_type = Town / Census village
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Himachal Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sirmaur district]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dadahu]]
| established_title = Settlement established
| named_for = [[Renuka]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj|Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat Renuka Ji]] / Renuka Vikas Board
| unit_pref = Metric
| elevation_m = 660
| population_total = 1,500
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Pahari languages|Pahari]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 173022
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01702
| registration_plate = HP-71
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Nahan]] [[Paonta Sahib]] [[Solan]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)|Shimla]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Sri Renukaji Assembly constituency|Sri Renukaji]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Average annual rainfall
| blank4_info_sec1 = 1600 mm (approx.)
| website = [https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/official-site/ District Administration Sirmaur]
}}
'''Sri Renukaji''' (also spelled '''Renuka Ji''') is a [[Hindu]] shrine located on the shore of [[Renuka Lake]] in the [[Sirmaur district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]. The temple complex and adjacent wetland form a combined cultural, religious and ecological site centred on the veneration of the goddess [[Renuka]], mother of the epic figure [[Parashurama]]. The wetland ([[Renuka Lake|Renuka Wetland]]) has been designated a Ramsar site and the surrounding area is protected as the Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary. <ref>{{Cite web| title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) | url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030082217/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Sirmaur - Himachal Tourism Official Website | url=https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014140146/https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | access-date=2025-12-07 | archive-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>

==Location and setting==
The temple sits beside [[Renuka Lake]] (locally called Renuka Ji), a natural freshwater lake in the Sirmaur hills. The wetland is at approximately {{coord|31|36|35|N|77|27|10|E}} and lies at an average elevation of about 660 metres above sea level. The lake and temple are set within a reserve forest and wildlife sanctuary area that is characterised by mixed deciduous and sal-dominated stands. <ref>{{Cite web| title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) | url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030082217/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Renuka Ji {{pipe}} District Sirmaur, Government of Himachal Pradesh {{pipe}} India | url=https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/tourist-place/renuka-ji/ }}</ref>

==Religious significance and legend==
According to local tradition and puranic accounts, the site commemorates Renuka (Renukaji), the wife of the sage Jamadagni and mother of Parashurama (one of Vishnu's avatāras). Mythic narratives associate the lake with episodes in the [[Renuka]]–[[Jamadagni]]–[[Parashurama]] cycle: Renuka's death (or transformation) into the lake and her later reunion with her son on the occasion of [[Prabodhini Ekadashi]]. The lake and temple therefore function as a ''tirtha'' (sacred place) with pilgrimage importance for devotees who congregate during the annual Renuka fair and associated observances. <ref>{{Cite web | title=Sirmaur - Himachal Tourism Official Website | url=https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014140146/https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | access-date=2025-12-07 | archive-date=2020-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Renukaji ( Famous for Renuka Lake and Mini Zoo) – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) | url=https://hptdc.in/index.php/renukaji-famous-for-renuka-lake-and-mini-zoo/ }}</ref>

==Temple complex and local features==
The temple complex includes the principal shrine dedicated to [[Renuka|Renukaji]] and smaller shrines in the same precinct. The lakefront setting, lotus growth, and wooded slopes are notable features; historically and in present practice the lake itself is treated as a sacred tank (temple tank) associated with ritual bathing and offerings. The district and state authorities have also developed visitor facilities and a managed zoological/aviary component (Renuka Zoo) within the sanctuary area. <ref>{{cite web | title=Renukaji ( Famous for Renuka Lake and Mini Zoo) – Himachal Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (HPTDC) | url=https://hptdc.in/index.php/renukaji-famous-for-renuka-lake-and-mini-zoo/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Renuka Ji {{pipe}} District Sirmaur, Government of Himachal Pradesh {{pipe}} India | url=https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/tourist-place/renuka-ji/ }}</ref>

==Ecology and conservation==
[[Renuka Lake|Renuka Wetland]] (the lake and immediate environs) was designated a [[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar wetland]] of international importance on 8 November 2005. The Ramsar Information Sheet records an area of c. 20 hectares for the wetland, notes its freshwater springs and subterranean karst features, and lists the wetland's biological values, including diverse fish and bird life. The wider [[Renuka Sanctuary|Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary]] (sometimes described as the Renuka Reserve Forest) covers a larger protected area; management responsibilities are shared between state forest authorities and locally constituted bodies. Conservation concerns reported in official and technical sources include siltation, anthropogenic pressure from tourism and development, and the need for integrated wetland management. <ref>{{Cite web| title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) | url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030082217/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Wild Life Sanctuary {{pipe}} District Sirmaur, Government of Himachal Pradesh {{pipe}} India | url=https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/wild-life-sanctuary/ }}</ref>

==Management and events==
Local and state-level bodies oversee the sanctuary, temple precincts and events. The Ramsar documentation and state management plans identify the Renuka Vikas Board (also referenced as Renuka Vikas / Renuka Development bodies) and forest department authorities as principal managing agencies for the site and for coordination of the annual fair. The Renuka Ji International Fair (commonly called the Renuka fair) is an annual cultural–religious event, timed with Prabodhini Ekadashi and attended by devotees, traders and cultural performers; the fair is also used for community outreach and exhibitions by state departments. <ref>{{Cite web| title=Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) | url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030082217/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Events & Festivals in India {{!}} A Ministry of Tourism Initiative | url=https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/shri-renuka-ji-international-fair-1 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825102306/https://utsav.gov.in/view-event/shri-renuka-ji-international-fair-1 | access-date=2025-12-07 | archive-date=2022-08-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Indo-German Biodiversity Programme, Biodiversity conservation, Business and biodiversity, Biodiversity evaluation, Ministry of Environment and Forests, BMUV, BMZ, GIZ | url=https://indo-germanbiodiversity.com/project-details-218.html }}</ref>

==Access==
Renukaji is accessible by road from [[Nahan]] and other regional towns in [[Sirmaur district]]; the site is a regional tourist destination promoted in state tourism material and via heritage/travel guides. Visitor services and seasonal transport arrangements are published by [[Government of Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh tourism]] authorities. <ref>{{Cite web | title=Sirmaur - Himachal Tourism Official Website | url=https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014140146/https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/ | access-date=2025-12-07 | archive-date=2020-10-14}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* Official Ramsar information (RIS PDF): <code>https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN1571RIS.pdf</code>
* Himachal Tourism — Sirmaur / Renukaji: <code>https://himachaltourism.gov.in/destination/sirmaur/</code>
* Renukaji (HPTDC): <code>https://hptdc.in/index.php/renukaji-famous-for-renuka-lake-and-mini-zoo/</code>
* Renuka Ji (Sirmaur district): <code>https://hpsirmaur.nic.in/tourist-place/renuka-ji/</code>

[[Category:Hindu temples in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in India]]
[[Category:Renuka]]

Lajpat Nagar

2025-12-06T15:13:08Z

DebraToney89: Enhanced article with new information

{{More citations needed|date=August 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement


| name = Lajpat Nagar
| official_name =
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighborhood of Delhi]]
| image_skyline = File:Lajpat Nagar marketplace in 2006.jpg
| imagesize = 290px
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| motto =
| pushpin_map = India Delhi
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28|34|05|N|77|14|30|E|region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South East Delhi]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| government_type =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| total_type = 
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m = 
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_note = 
| timezone = GMT + 0530
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST = 
| utc_offset_DST =
| postal_code_type = PIN Code
| postal_code = 110024
| area_code = 110024
| website =
}}

'''Lajpat Nagar''' is a residential and commercial neighborhood in the [[South East Delhi]] district of [[Delhi]]. It was named in honor of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zakoopi.com/articles/6-saree-shops-you-should-absolutely-checkout-for-wedding-shopping-in-lajpat-nagar|title=6 Saree Shops You Should Absolutely Checkout For Wedding Shopping in Lajpat Nagar|access-date=7 June 2016|archive-date=25 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925143501/http://www.zakoopi.com/articles/6-saree-shops-you-should-absolutely-checkout-for-wedding-shopping-in-lajpat-nagar|url-status=dead}}</ref> This area is not to be confused with the Lajpat Nagar in [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] in the [[National Capital Region (India)|NCR]] region.

In the recent years, Lajpat Nagar has become a preferred residential neighborhood for tourists and certain refugees from various countries, including [[Afghanistan]], who often travel to New Delhi as medical tourists, owing to the presence of affordable quality health care in the capital. It is common to see individuals from different parts of India and Afghanistan in this neighborhood.

==Overview==
The area is divided into four parts: Lajpat Nagar I, II, III (north of the Ring Road) and IV (south of the Ring Road). Housing colonies like [[Amar Colony]], [[Dayanand Colony]], Double Storey (also known as Nirmal Puri), National Park and [[Vikram Vihar]] are also located in it. Lajpat Nagar is famous for its Central Market, a popular shopping destination, and also is known for the garments and textiles which are sold there.

The area falls partially under the [[New Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kasturba Nagar Constituency]] and part of it is in the [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]].

==History==
Lajpat Nagar was developed in the 1950s and most of its early residents were [[Hindu]]s and [[Sikh]]s moving east from newly formed Pakistan following the [[partition of India]] in 1947. As such, many of these individuals are [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]] and [[Sindhi people|Sindhis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|title=The Afghan trail|last=Sharma|first=Mohit|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=23 April 2014|quote=It is transforming an identity which once was dominated by migrated refugees (Saraikis and Sindhis) from Pakistan after Partition.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015332/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|url-status=live}}</ref> One part of Lajpat Nagar IV (Dayanand Colony) was named after [[Dayananda Saraswati|Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati]], by Mr. B.N. Puri in 1957. The residential colony was built on the acquired village lands of Zamrudpur.,<ref>{{Cite book | last = Thapliyal | first = Uma Prasad | title = Gazetteer of Rural Delhi | publisher = Gazetteer Unit, Delhi Administration | year = 1987 | pages = 285 | url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/Gazetteer_of_Rural_Delhi/Jv21AAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=zamrudpur
}}</ref> which was historically a village of the Gurjar community.<ref>{{Cite thesis
| last = O’Leary
| first = Heather Elaine
| title = *Uneven Absorption: World‑Class Delhi, Domestic Workers and the Water that Makes Them*
| type = PhD dissertation
| institution= University of Minnesota
| year = 2014
| pages = 43
| url = https://conservancy.umn.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/56c89044-5a69-4e50-8134-009c5a9895b7/content
}}</ref>

Initially, refugee camps were set up in [[Purana Quila]], and [[refugees]] were allotted plots in areas like Lajpat Nagar, [[Patel Nagar]], [[Rajendra Nagar, Delhi|Rajendra Nagar]]. The plots were of 15x60 feet constructed like army barracks. The houses were all single story, with asbestos roofs, in the beginning, but now most of the houses are multi-storeyed in this neighborhood.

The colony also housed a refugee camp for Bengali widows, during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], known as Kasturba Ashram. In 1960, [[Servants of the People Society]] (founded by [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] in 1921 in [[Lahore]]) after functioning for many years since [[Partition of India]], shifted from the residence of MP [[Lala Achint Ram]] to a new building known as Lajpat Bhawan.<ref>{{cite web | title = Head Office | url = http://sops.in/index.php/2013-08-22-12-13-12/head-office | publisher = Servants of the People Society | access-date = 2014-05-27 | archive-date = 13 April 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230413055033/http://sops.in/index.php/2013-08-22-12-13-12/head-office | url-status = live }}</ref>

The number of [[Afghans in India|Afghan Indians]], as well as Afghan students, workers and refugees, living there has resulted in the nickname of the locality, Afghan Nagar.<ref name=Das>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/04/201342211228401708.html|title=Afghan students flock to India's universities|last=Das|first=Bijoyeta|date=3 June 2013|work=Al Jazeera|access-date=22 April 2014|archive-date=28 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228075904/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/04/201342211228401708.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|title=The Afghan trail|last=Sharma|first=Mohit|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=23 April 2014|quote=Often called ‘Little Kabul’, ‘Afghan Nagar,’ amongst other polysyllables, nomenclature twisting is the latest pastime in the vicinity.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015332/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|url-status=live}}</ref> The suburb has two Afghan "bakeries and three restaurants, and many guesthouses and apartments housing Afghan students, guests, medical refugees and asylum seekers."<ref name=Das/> As such, [[Apollo Hospitals|Apollo Hospital]] in Delhi "has translators on staff, a website in [[Dari (Persian dialect)|Dari]], and even a separate payment desk for Afghans."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|title=The Afghan trail|last=Sharma|first=Mohit|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=23 April 2014|quote=The Apollo hospital in the city’s southwest has translators on staff, a website in Dari, and even a separate payment desk for Afghans.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015332/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the Afghanis in Lajpat Nagar speak [[Pashto language|Pashto]] or [[Dari (Persian dialect)|Dari]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|title=The Afghan trail|last=Sharma|first=Mohit|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=23 April 2014|quote=Pashto and Farsi chatters, Burqa clad women, glistering restaurants adorned with linguistic signposts mark Delhi’s most thronged Lajpat Nagar market.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015332/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|url-status=live}}</ref> GK Vij, a resident of Lajpat Nagar, "whose father migrated after Partition and has spent his whole life in the area," states that though people "enjoy the big ‘[[naan]] bread’ which Afghans prepare, the rising number of Afghan restaurants has overshadowed the indigenous Punjabi cuisine to some extent."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|title=The Afghan trail|last=Sharma|first=Mohit|date=24 April 2014|publisher=Millennium Post|access-date=23 April 2014|quote=Vij added that though they enjoy the big ‘naan bread’ which Afghans prepare, the rising number of Afghan restaurants has overshadowed the indigenous Punjabi cuisine to some extent. ‘The lane in which we stay has dozens of Afghan restaurants which has surfaced in the past two-three years,’ Vij added.|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424015332/http://www.millenniumpost.in/NewsContent.aspx?NID=36532|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Accessibility==
Lajpat Nagar is well connected by [[Delhi Transport Corporation]] bus services and the [[Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System]]. Route number 543 connects [[Anand Vihar]] in [[East Delhi]] to Lajpat Nagar, and Teevr [[Mudrika Seva|Mudrika]] connects Lajpat Nagar to [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]] in [[North Delhi]] and [[Punjabi Bagh]] in [[West Delhi]]. The [[Lajpat Nagar (Delhi Metro)|Lajpat Nagar Station]] of the [[Delhi Metro]] has elevated platforms lying on Delhi Metro's [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet Line]] and underground platforms on Delhi Metro's [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink Line]]. The station was opened to the public in 2010 along with the first section of the Violet Line. An underpass connection was opened in 2014 below the Defence Colony-Lajpat Nagar flyover between Lajpat Nagar and [[Jangpura]] for easy access to areas like Jangpura Extension, Bhogal, and Nizamuddin. The area is also connected to the [[Delhi Suburban Railway]] with the [[Lajpat Nagar railway station]]

The nearest metro station to Lajpat Nagar Central Market is Lajpat Nagar. When exiting from Gate no. 5, it is located at a distance of around 1&nbsp;km (10 minutes walk).

The average daily footfall in the Lajpat Nagar market is around 10,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mishra |first1=Ashish |title=Lajpat Nagar market set to be developed on Karol Bagh model |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/lajpat-nagar-market-set-to-be-developed-on-karol-bagh-model/story-nNmFdMgYEyEmAoElE2YHoN.html |website=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=HindustanTimes |access-date=28 April 2024}}</ref> The crowd can get a little bigger on weekends.

==Popular culture==
Lajpat Nagar is home to a large [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] community that is featured in multiple movies.
* In the film ''[[Do Dooni Chaar]]'' (2010), directed by [[Habib Faisal]], the Duggal family house is located in Vinoba Puri, Lajpat Nagar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=9 October 2010 |title=Fantastic four |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Fantastic-four-Do-Dooni-Chaar/article11641285.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=5 February 2025 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=28 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228115448/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Fantastic-four-Do-Dooni-Chaar/article11641285.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Portions of the film ''[[Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye!]]'' (2008), directed by [[Dibakar Banerjee]], were filmed in Lajpat Nagar.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Firdaus |date=28 November 2008 |title=Go for Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/28go-for-oye-lucky-lucky-aye.htm |website=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=We see homes located in different localities like Delhi 6, Karol Bagh, Lajppat Nagar, Rohini and the plush South Delhi pockets. |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127011035/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/nov/28go-for-oye-lucky-lucky-aye.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In the film ''[[Cocktail (2012 film)]]'', the character Kavita Kapoor, played by ''[[Dimple Kapadia]]'', is from Lajpat Nagar.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=13 July 2012 |title=Review: Cocktail |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/review-cocktail |website=[[GQ (Indian edition)|GQ]] |access-date=5 February 2025 |quote=Imtiaz Ali (a sort of guru in the rom-com genre) does a fine job with the script in the first half, which consists of seemingly genuine light-hearted camaraderie between the leads, comic moments (provided by Dimple Kapadia playing Khan's loud Punjabi mother from Lajpat Nagar) and some great tracks by Pritam; at this point, you feel Homi Adjania (of Being Cyrus fame) has got it right again. |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507124753/https://www.gqindia.com/content/review-cocktail |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''[[Vicky Donor (2012 film)]]'', directed by [[Shoojit Sircar]], was based out of Lajpat Nagar.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Duara |first=Ajit |date=24 April 2012 |title=Vicky Donor |url=https://openthemagazine.com/cinema/vicky-donor/ |magazine=[[Open (Indian magazine)|Open]] |publisher=Open Media Network |access-date=5 February 2025}}</ref>
* In ''[[Buniyaad]]'', a television series based on [[Partition of India]]. The lead gets house in claim in Lajpat Nagar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shukla |first=Vivek |date=9 August 2024 |title=Delhi: Finding 'Buniyaad' in Lajpat Nagar |url=https://thepatriot.in/reports/delhi-finding-buniyaad-in-lajpat-nagar-55166 |work=The Patriot |access-date=6 February 2025 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913210519/https://thepatriot.in/reports/delhi-finding-buniyaad-in-lajpat-nagar-55166 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Delhi}}

[[Category:Memorials to Lala Lajpat Rai]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]
[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]
[[Category:Ethnic enclaves in India]]

Central Jail Mianwali

2025-12-02T08:56:17Z

DebraToney89: Revised and enhanced article content

{{short description|Prison in Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox prison
| prison_name = Central Jail Mianwali
| image =
| location = [[Mianwali]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
| coordinates =
| status = Operational
| classification = Maximum security
| capacity =
| population = 1783<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punjabprisons.gov.pk/ |title=Inspector General of Punjab Prisons (Pakistan)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326071006/http://www.punjabprisons.gov.pk/ |archive-date=26 March 2010|access-date=15 May 2022|website=Punjab Prisons (Pakistan) website}}</ref>
| populationdate = 3 February 2010
| opened = 1904
| closed =
| managed_by = [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of Punjab]], [[Home Department (Punjab, Pakistan)|Home Department]]
| director = Rasool Bukhsh Kulachi,
Superintendent Jail
| prisoners = [[Ilm-ud-din]], [[Bhagat Singh|Shaheed Bhagat Singh]] and [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
}}

'''Central Jail Mianwali''' is an old and historical jail in [[Mianwali]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]] located on [[Rawalpindi]] road nearly 8 kilometers away from [[Mianwali]] city. It is noted for housing a number of prominent prisoners, the most notable of these being [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]].

==History==
Mianwali Jail was constructed in 1904 with 293 prisoners in the Jail and was elevated as District jail in 1913. The inmates' population in 1913 was 228. Inside jail hospital crude death rate in 1911 was 6.49%. Major portion of the jail consists of muddy barracks and cell-blocks plastered with clay. In 1911, 364 prisoners remained admitted in the jail hospital, in 1912, 357 prisoners and in 1913, 516 prisoners. Prisoners in the jail were made to work and a variety of things were made by them which were put up for sale in the market. Profit earned in 1911 was Rs. 1863, in 1912, Rs. 1229 and in 1913, Rs. 1314. Nomenclature of the officer-in-charge of the jail during 1911-1913 was [[Superintendent of Jail]] under whom one jailer now referred to as [[Deputy Superintendent]] and two assistant jailors now referred to as [[Assistant Superintendent]]s used to work. Jail had a staff of 40 warders in 1911. [[Ghazi Ilmuddin Shaheed|Ilmuddin]] was executed in this jail on 31 October 1929 during the [[British Rule]]. The condemned prisoners' cell in which he was confined during last night of his life (between 30 and 31 October 1929) is still intact. District Jail Mianwali was elevated as Central Jail in May 1960 and Jahangir Khan Hotyana was appointed as its first [[Superintendent of Jail|Superintendent]]. School for non-formal education of adults, hospital, mosque and library facilities are available in the present day Central Jail Mianwali.

Famous freedom fighter [[Bhagat Singh]]'s hunger strike in 1929 in Mianwali Jail lasted 112 days, one of the world's longest hunger strikes at that time.<ref>(Abhishek Bansal) [https://inshorts.com/en/news/bhagat-singhs-hunger-strike-in-jail-lasted-112-days-1471181770853 Bhagat Singh's hunger strike in jail lasted 112 days] Google (inshorts) website, Published 14 August 2016, Retrieved 15 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/from-the-archives-of-hindustan-times-july-10-2019/story-uoKrCSUEQGKq1yj0gxn2xK.html Bhagat Singh's Hunger Strike (in 1929)] The Hindustan Times (newspaper), Published 10 July 2019, Retrieved 15 May 2022</ref>

After a [[Operation Searchlight|brutal crackdown]] initiated by president [[Yahya Khan]], the founding president of Bangladesh, [[Arrest of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman|Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested]] without charge and flown to [[West Pakistan]] where he was incarcerated in solitary confinement at the Central Jail Mianwali throughout the duration of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. A [[Military Courts (Pakistan)|military tribunal]] sentenced Sheikh Mujib to the penalty of death. A noose was subsequently prepared and a grave was dug by Indian prisoners imprisoned for spying. Sheikh Mujib's execution was deferred on three occasions. Bangabandhu was finally released after the [[Pakistani Instrument of Surrender|surrender of Pakistani forces to joint Bangladeshi and Indian forces]] in January under the orders of the next Pakistani president [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] following immense international pressure.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Badrul Ahsan |first=Syed |author-link=Syed Badrul Ahsan |date=2018-08-15 |title=Pakistani jailer remembers incarcerated Bangabandhu |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune (newspaper) |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2018/08/15/pakistani-jailer-remembers-incarcerated-bangabandhu |access-date=2022-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/bangabandhu-mianwali-jail-217729|title=Bangabandhu in Mianwali Jail|date=2021-03-17|access-date=2022-05-15|newspaper=The Business Standard (newspaper)|last=Samad|first=Saleem}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]]
* [[Punjab Prisons (Pakistan)]]
* [[Central Jail Lahore]]
* [[Central Jail Faisalabad]]
* [[Headquarter Jail]]
* [[Central Jail Rawalpindi]]
* [[District Jail Rawalpindi]]
* [[National Academy for Prisons Administration]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Pakistan}}
{{Prisons in Pakistan}}

[[Category:1904 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Prisons in Pakistan]]