Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Pinki Pramanik

2026-05-08T16:10:01Z

Davidwez: done.

{{Short description|Former Indian track and field athlete (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{MedalTableTop | medals =
{{Medal|Sport | Women's [[athletics (sport)|athletics]] }}
{{Medal|Country | {{IND}} }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Games]] }}
{{Medal|Gold | [[2006 Asian Games|2006 Doha]] | [[Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 m]] }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[2003 Asian Athletics Championships|2003 Manila]]|[[2003 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 400 metres relay|4×400 m]]}}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Indoor Games]] }}
{{Medal|Gold | [[2005 Asian Indoor Games|2005 Pattaya]] | [[Indoor athletics at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games|4×400 m]] }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Asian Indoor Athletics Championships]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze | [[2004 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|2004 Tehran]] | [[2004 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#Women's 400 meters|400 m]] }}
{{Medal|Bronze | 2004 Tehran | [[2004 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#Women's 800 meters|800 m]] }}
{{Medal|Competition | [[South Asian Games]] }}
{{Medal|Gold | [[2006 South Asian Games|2006 Colombo]] | [[Athletics at the 2006 South Asian Games|400 m]] }}
{{Medal|Gold | 2006 Colombo | 800 m }}
{{Medal|Gold | 2006 Colombo | 4×400 m}}
{{Medal|Competition | [[Commonwealth Games]] }}
{{Medal|Silver | [[2006 Commonwealth Games|2006 Melbourne]] | [[Athletics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|4×400 m]] }}
}}

'''Pinki Pramanik''' (born 10 April 1986 in [[Purulia]]) is an Indian former [[track and field]] athlete who specialised in [[400 metres|400-]] and [[800 metres|800-metre]] events. As part of the national [[4×400 metres relay]] team, Pramanik won the silver medal at the [[Athletics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|2006 Commonwealth Games]] and the gold medal at the [[2005 Asian Indoor Games]] and [[Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games|2006 Asian Games]]. She won three gold medals at the [[2006 South Asian Games]], winning the 400 and 800m events and as a member of the relay team.

Pramanik won two bronze medals at the [[Asian Indoor Athletics Championships]] at age 17, and represented [[Asia]] at the [[IAAF World Cup]]. She won three times at the [[All-India Open National Championships]].

==Career==
Pramanik set four junior state records in 2002.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041124082616/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1041124/asp/frontpage/story_4042813.asp Pistol pops out of shooting-star athlete's kit]. ''The Telegraph India'' (2004-11-23). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref> She made her world debut at the [[2003 World Youth Championships in Athletics]] (where she reached the 800 m semifinals),<ref name=IAAF>[http://www-verio.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=196685/index.html Paramanik, Pink Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726163813/http://www-verio.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=196685/index.html |date=2011-07-26 }}. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref> and won the 400 m race at the All-India Open National Championships soon afterwards.<ref name=GBR>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/ind.htm All-India Open National Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref> Pramanik set a record at the National Junior Athletics meet, running 54.92 seconds in the 400 m, although it was uncertain whether she was born in 1986 or 1987.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040718023702/http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/22/stories/2003122203001800.htm Pinki Pramanik's efforts to the fore]. ''[[The Hindu]]'' (2003-12-22). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

===International medals===
Pramanik won two bronze medals in the 400 m and 800 m at the [[2004 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships]].<ref name=IAAF /> In late 2004, a group of youths planted a gun on her and called police. Eyewitnesses testified that the youths had harassed Pramanik and placed the gun in her bag, and she was released without charge. She took three months off from competition to recover from the stress of the incident.<ref name=Podium>[http://www.oneindia.com/2006/08/27/from-police-custody-to-podium-pinki-primed-for-higher-glory-1156748179.html From police custody to podium, Pinki primed for higher glory]. One India (2006-08-28). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

When Pramanik returned to competition in 2005, she won a gold medal as part of the [[4×400 metres relay]] team at the [[Indoor athletics at the 2005 Asian Indoor Games|2005 Asian Indoor Games]] with [[Iyleen Samantha]], [[Santhi Soundarajan]], and [[Mandeep Kaur (sprinter)|Mandeep Kaur]]. That year, she won 400 and 800 m gold medals at the All-India Open National Championships.<ref name=GBR /> The [[Athletics at the 2006 Commonwealth Games|2006 Commonwealth Games]] was Pramanik's first appearance at the world senior level. She reached the 800 m semi-finals (recording a personal best of 2:03.83),<ref>[http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Athletics/Thu%2023%20Mar/Results/Result%20-%20AT1008C0100002?ScheduleItemID=28966 2006 Melbourne Women's 800m Semifinal 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028000252/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Athletics/Thu%2023%20Mar/Results/Result%20-%20AT1008C0100002?ScheduleItemID=28966 |date=2009-10-28 }}. 2006 Commonwealth Games. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref> and won a silver medal for India with [[Rajwinder Kaur (sprinter)|Rajwinder Kaur]], [[Chitra Soman]], and Manjeet Kaur in the 4×400 m relay.<ref>[http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Athletics/Sat%2025%20Mar/Results/Result%20-%20AT1404E0100001?ScheduleItemID=29078 Melbourne 2006 Women's 4x400m Relay Final] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010075828/http://www.melbourne2006.com.au/Schedule%20and%20Results/By%20Sport/Athletics/Sat%2025%20Mar/Results/Result%20-%20AT1404E0100001?ScheduleItemID=29078 |date=2006-10-10 }}. 2006 Commonwealth Games. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

At [[Bangalore]]'s Asian Grand Prix meeting in May of that year, Pramanik won the 800 m and improved her 400 m personal best to 52.46 seconds.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=34754.html Asian Grand Prix – Bangalore]. [[IAAF]] (2006-05-22). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref> A few months later, at the [[Athletics at the 2006 South Asian Games|2006 South Asian Games]], she won 400 and 800 m gold medals and headed the relay team for a third gold.<ref>Weerawansa, Dinesh (2006-08-25). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=35989.html South Asian Games – Day 2]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2010-03-04.</ref><ref>Weerawansa, Dinesh (2006-08-26). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=35991.html South Asian Games – Day 3]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2010-03-04.</ref> Pramanik was disappointed that she had not improved her time, and said that she expected more competition from the [[Sri Lanka]]n athletes.<ref name=Podium />

Selected to represent Asia at the [[2006 IAAF World Cup]], she finished seventh in the 800 m. Pramanik competed in her first [[Asian Games]] later that year, in the 400 m and the relay. She reached the individual final and finished fourth, two-hundredths of a second behind [[Japan]]'s [[Asami Tanno]]. In the relay with [[Sathi Geetha]], Chitra Soman and Manjeet Kaur, she won India's only athletics gold of the games.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061213/sports.htm#1 Foursome strikes gold]. ''The Tribune India'' (2006-12-12). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

===Injuries===
A foot injury caused Pramanik to miss much of the 2007 season. Returning to fitness by August, she began competing at a regional meet in [[Kolkata]] and recorded a 100-metre time of 11.07 seconds. Pramanik set her sights on winning at the 2008 Indian Inter-State Championships in order to qualify for the [[2008 Summer Olympics]]. However, she missed the championships due to a [[hamstring]] injury.<ref>[http://sports.in.msn.com/othersports/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3566357 Runner Pinky Pramanik seriously injured in road accident] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714125456/http://sports.in.msn.com/othersports/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3566357 |date=2011-07-14 }}. MSN/PTI (2010-01-24). Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

In early 2010, Pramanik inaugurated the local Purulia Athletic Championship. On the way home from the meet, her vehicle collided with another and she received deep cuts to her face and knees. Although her condition was not serious, she had back pain and remained in hospital.<ref>[http://www.zeenews.com/news598729.html Pinki shifted to city-based B R Singh Hospital]. Zee News. Retrieved on 2010-03-05.</ref>

=== Doping ===
In a 2012 interview, Pramanik said that her coaches required her to have regular injections of testosterone to improve her performance.<ref name="OutlookIndia" />

==Sex controversy==
In 2012, a rape allegation by a female friend of Pramanik led to medical tests to determine her gender. Initial private tests reportedly indicated that she was male. Pramanik disagreed with the results, and police ordered a separate government-led test as part of her trial.<ref>[http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/gold-medallist-pinki-pramanik-accused-of-being-male-held-for-rape_743839.html Gold medallist Pinki Pramanik accused of being male, held for `rape`]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sport/others/confirmed-indian-athlete-pinki-pramanik-male-700 |title=Confirmed: Indian athlete Pinki Pramanik is male |access-date=15 June 2012 |archive-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615144153/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sport/others/confirmed-indian-athlete-pinki-pramanik-male-700 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Results at the [[IPGMER and SSKM Hospital|SSKM Government Hospital]] were inconclusive.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130103204251/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-26/kolkata/32423789_1_athlete-forensic-department-conduct Pinki's SSKM gender test inconclusive]</ref> The court then ordered a [[chromosome]] pattern test.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130104033110/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-29/athletics/32471551_1_judicial-remand-judicial-custody-gender Court directs chromosome pattern test for Pinki Pramanik]</ref> In November of that year, further medical tests were reported indicating that Pramanik is a "male [[Pseudohermaphroditism|pseudo-hermaphrodite]]".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/athletics/item/199193-tests-show-athlete-pinki-pramanik-charged-with-rape-is-male |title=Tests show athlete Pinki Pramanik, charged with rape, is male |access-date=2012-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205172549/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/athletics/item/199193-tests-show-athlete-pinki-pramanik-charged-with-rape-is-male |archive-date=2013-02-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The medical report also indicated that Pramanik is incapable of penetrative sex.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/Medical-experts-doubt-Pinki-Pramanik-can-rape/articleshow/17211823.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103180851/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-14/athletics/35111300_1_pinki-pramanik-medical-experts-medical-report |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-01-03 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Medical experts doubt Pinki Pramanik can rape |access-date=2012-11-14 }}</ref>

She said in an interview, "The girl who brought these allegations was not my partner and we were not in love. She used to live next door on rent with her lover and her five-year-old child. She had taken nude photographs of me and was threatening to make them public. She had been blackmailing me for some time. But to be accused of being male and raping her shocked me. I am not male. I have always been female. I look more male now because, as part of my training to compete in international athletics, I used to be regularly administered testosterone injections like other female participants. I was told that it was necessary to take these and I never questioned whether these were legal or not. I was focused on winning and did whatever I was asked to do by my trainers, who knew what was best for me. But after that, my voice became deeper and I grew more body hair."<ref name="OutlookIndia" >{{cite news |first= Dola |last= Mitra |title= I Am A Female, And Once Loved A Man |url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?281677 |accessdate= 2012-11-13 |newspaper= Outlook India (Magazine) |date= 2012-07-30}}</ref>
Pramanik said that she was manhandled, and was kept in a men's cell; she did not consent to any testing, and was drugged and unconscious for the examination.<ref name="OutlookIndia" /> Her friend said that Avatar Singh, a power broker and husband of Bengalese athlete [[Jyotirmoyee Sikdar]] (a former [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPM]] MP), was behind an attempt to frame Pramanik as part of a dispute about land awarded to her by the West Bengal government for her performance at the 2006 South Asian and Asian Games.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Jyotirmoyee-Sikdars-husband-asked-me-to-frame-Pinki-Pramanik-Ex-partner/articleshow/14871486.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231141108/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-14/kolkata/32674719_1_pinki-pramanik-prime-land-asian-games-gold |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-12-31 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Jyotirmoyee Sikdar's husband asked me to frame Pinki Pramanik: Ex-partner}}</ref>

== In popular culture==
''Pinky{{snd}}Ek Satyakatha'' (''Pinky{{snd}}A True Story''), a 2014 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[drama film]] directed by Sudhin Thakur and starring Sara Shravan, is based on Pramanik's life. It seeks to highlight the negative aspects of [[Sex verification in sports|gender test]]ing in sports.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140729190033/http://www.pinkyeksatyakatha.com/ Pinky - Ek Satyakatha]. ''pinkyeksatyakatha.com''.</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/marathi-film-pinky-ek-satyakatha-is-based-on-pinki-pramaniks-life/articleshow/18969155.cms Marathi film Pinky - Ek Satyakatha is based on Pinki Pramanik's life]. ''[[Times of India]]''.</ref> ''[[Rashmi Rocket]]'', a 2021 Indian sports drama film about the issue of gender testing, was inspired by several athletes including Pramanik and [[Dutee Chand]].<ref>[https://www.afternoonvoice.com/movie-rashmi-rocket-reminds-you-of-pinki-pramanic-and-dutee-chand.html Movie Rashmi Rocket reminds you of Pinki Pramanic and Dutee Chand]. ''Afternoon Voice''.</ref>

== Personal bests ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Event
! Time ([[minute|m]]:[[second|s]])
! Venue
! Date
|-
| [[400 m]] || 52.46 || [[Bangalore]], India || 22 May 2006
|-
| [[800 m]] || 2:02.49 || [[Chennai]], India || 5 November 2006
|-
| [[400 m]] (indoor) || 53.89 || [[Pattaya]], Thailand || 13 November 2005
|-
| [[800 m]] (indoor) || 2:15.06 || [[Tehran]], Iran || 6 February 2004<ref name="IAAF" />
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pramanik, Pinki}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:People from Purulia district]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Athletes from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian women sprinters]]
[[Category:Indian women middle-distance runners]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Intersex sportspeople]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games athletes for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Sex verification in sports]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ sportspeople]]
[[Category:LGBTQ track and field athletes]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in athletics]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Indian intersex women]]
[[Category:Indian intersex people]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists in athletics]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Asian Athletics Championships medalists]]

Diganta Kalita

2026-05-07T02:47:25Z

Davidwez: added new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{No significant coverage|date=January 2025}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Diganta Kalita
| office = Member of Assam Legislative Assembly
| constituency = [[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 4 May 2026
| term_end =
| constituency1 = [[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency]]
| term_start1 = 4 May 2021
| term_end1 = 9 April 2026
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| spouse = Juli Kalita
| children = Son: Rahul & Daughter: Chandrima
| alma_mater = Gauhati University
}}
'''Diganta Kalita''' (born 2 January 1969) is an Indian politician. He is serving as 2nd Term member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assam legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Kamalpur Assembly constituency]].<ref>https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/candidateswise-S0332.htm</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Legislative Assembly |url=https://assambidhansabha.org/members?id=90 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=assambidhansabha |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party.

== Early life and education ==
He was born on 2 January 1969 to Haladhar Kalita. He completed his schooling from MGM School, Noonmati and later completed Bachelor of Science from [[Gauhati University]] in 1989.<ref name=":0" />

==Political career==
He joined [[Indian National Congress]] during his college days in 1985 and later became a state secretary of [[Assam Pradesh Congress Committee]]. He resigned from the post of APCC secretary on 14 August 2014 and joined [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 10 September 2015. In the 2021 [[Assam]] assembly election he contested from the [[Kamalpur, Assam Assembly constituency|Kamalpur Assembly constituency]] and won against Indian National Congress candidate Kishor Kumar Bhattacharya with a margin of 18,114 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-09-12 |title=Congress's Bharat Jodo Yatra is Gandhi Family Bachao Yatra, says Assam BJP MLA Kalita |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/bharat/congresss-bharat-jodo-yatra-is-gandhi-family-bachao-yatra-says-assam-bjp-mla-kalita/na20220912063728764764100 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Diganta Kalita(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- KAMALPUR(RANGIYA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Assam2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=374 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He married Juli Kalita on 7 December 1996. They have a son named Rahul Kalita and a daughter named Chandrima Kalita.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-31 |title=Diganta Kalita from Kamalpur: Early Life, Controversy & Political Career |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/assam-election-2021/candidates/phase2/diganta-kalita-from-kamalpur-early-life-controversy-political-career-531386 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalita, Diganta}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2026–2031]]

Benjamin Bryant (Royal Navy officer)

2026-05-03T22:14:32Z

Davidwez: put up page

{{For|other people with the same name|Benjamin Bryant (disambiguation){{!}}Benjamin Bryant}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]]
| name = Benjamin Bryant
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CB|DSO2|DSC}}
| image = Rn bryant benjamin.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Rear Admiral Benjamin Bryant, 1957
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1905|9|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1994|11|23|1905|9|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Worthing]], [[West Sussex]], England
| burial_place =
| allegiance = United Kingdom
| branch = [[Royal Navy]]
| service_years = 1919–1957
| rank = [[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]]
| service_number =
| unit =
| commands = {{HMS|Glasgow|C21|6}} (1953–54) [[HMNB Devonport]] (1951–53) {{nowrap|[[Royal Navy Submarine School]] (1947–49)}} {{HMS|Adamant|A164|6}} (1945–47) {{HMS|Forth|A187|6}} (1945) {{HMS|Cyclops|F31|6}} (1944–45) {{HMS|Montclare|F85|6}} (1944) {{HMS|Safari|P211|6}} (1941–43) {{HMS|Sealion|72S|6}} (1938–41)
| battles = [[Second World War]]
* [[Norwegian Campaign]]
* [[Battle of the Atlantic]]
| awards = [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] [[Distinguished Service Order]] & [[Medal bar|Two Bars]] [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] [[Mentioned in Despatches]]
| relations =
| other_work =
}}
[[Rear admiral (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral]] '''Benjamin Bryant''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|CB|DSO2|DSC}} (16 September 1905 – 23 November 1994) was a [[Royal Navy]] officer noted for his submarine exploits during the [[Second World War]]. In terms of ships sunk, Bryant was the most successful British submarine commander to survive the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/allies/commanders/387.html |title=U-Boat net Commanders|publisher=Uboat.net|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> He was appointed [[Deputy Chief of Naval Personnel, (Training)]] from July 1954 to February 1957.

==Early life==
Bryant was born in [[Madras]], [[British India]], then the winter capital of the [[Madras Presidency]]; his father, John Forbes Bryant, was a member of the [[Indian Civil Service]]. His mother was Mary Ada (née Genge). He had an elder brother Joseph and elder sister May. Bryant returned from India as a boy and attended [[Oundle School]] and then the [[Royal Naval College, Osborne]] and [[Royal Naval College, Dartmouth]].

Bryant published a book, ''One Man Band: The Memoirs of a Submarine C.O.'',<ref>{{Cite book|title=Submarine Commander|last=Bryant|first=Ben|publisher=Bantam Books|year=1980|location=New York|publication-date=1958}}</ref> in 1958 about his experience up to and including the Second World War.

==Second World War==
As a [[lieutenant commander]], Bryant served aboard {{HMS|Sealion|72S|6}} from 3 September 1938 to 12 October 1941. He then commanded {{HMS|Safari|P211|6}} from 14 October 1941 to 27 April 1943,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-12SS-06S-Safari.htm|title=HMS SAFARI (P 211 – ex-P 61) – S-class Submarine|publisher=naval-history.net|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> the submarine depot ship {{HMS|Montclare|F85|6}} from 16 June 1944 to 10 October 1944, and the submarine depot ship {{HMS|Cyclops|F31|6}} from 30 October 1944 to 4 February 1945. Following promotion to [[Captain (naval)|captain]], he commanded the submarine depot ship {{HMS|Forth|A187|6}} from 5 February to 11 May 1945, which was followed by command of {{HMS|Adamant|A164|6}} from 26 June 1945 to 4 June 1947.

For his services during the Second World War, Bryant was awarded the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Cross]] on 9 May 1940,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supplement to the London Gazette |url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/34845/supplements/2786/page.pdf|format=PDF |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|His Majesty's Stationery Office]] |issue=34845|date=9 May 1940|page=2786|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> [[Mentioned in Despatches]] on 12 May 1942, and awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]] (DSO) on 23 March 1943,<ref>{{cite news |title=Supplement to the London Gazette |url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/35950/supplements/1369/page.pdf|format=PDF |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|His Majesty's Stationery Office]]|issue=35950|date=23 March 1943|page=1369|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> which was followed by two [[Medal bar|Bars]] to the DSO on 11 May and 6 July the same year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supplement to the London Gazette |url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/36081/pages/3055/page.pdf|format=PDF |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|His Majesty's Stationery Office]]|issue=36081|date=6 July 1943|page=3055|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> He was later appointed a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] in 1956.<ref>{{cite news |title=Supplement to the London Gazette |url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/40787/supplements/3101/page.pdf|format=PDF |newspaper=[[The London Gazette]] |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|His Majesty's Stationery Office]]|issue=40787|date=31 May 1956|page=3101|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/captain-benjamin-bryant-rn-dso-and-two-bars-107872 Portrait of Bryant by] [[Robert Sivell]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bryant, Benjamin}}
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Chennai]]
[[Category:People educated at Oundle School]]
[[Category:People educated at the Royal Naval College, Osborne]]
[[Category:Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers of World War II]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]

Luangpawn

2026-05-03T14:40:25Z

Davidwez: Creating some data more to come

[[File:Luangpawn 2020.jpg|thumb|Luangpawn Village]]
{{Short description|Village in Mizoram, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Luangpawn
| settlement_type = Village
|coordinates = {{coord|23.858444|93.085500|display=title,inline|region:IN-MZ_type:city}}
|coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Mizoram]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saitual district|Saitual]]
| subdivision_type3 = Block
| subdivision_name3 = Phullen Block
| population_total = 469
| population_as_of = 2011
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Mizo language|Mizo]], English
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| blank_name_sec1 = 2011 census code
| blank_info_sec1 = 271224
}}

'''Luangpawn''' is a village in [[Saitual district]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s3fc490ca45c00b1249bbe3554a4fdf6fb.s3waas.gov.in/subdivision-blocks/|title=Subdivision & Blocks | Saitual District | India}}</ref> [[Mizoram]], India, under Phullen Block.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://s3fc490ca45c00b1249bbe3554a4fdf6fb.s3waas.gov.in/subdivision-blocks/ |title=Sub-division and Blocks |website=Government of Mizoram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.viewvillage.in/villages-of-block/phullen-2389 |title=Villages of Phullen Block |website=ViewVillage}}</ref> The village is located on the Mawmrang hill and is surrounded by forested terrain and cliffs. It is connected to nearby settlements and district centers by a road.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022">{{cite book |title=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir |chapter=Luangpawn chanchin |author=Hranghlunchhunga |publisher=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir Book |year=2022}}</ref>

== History ==
Luangpawn was established in 1893 by Lalbawnga (Bawitlung) and his followers.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir |chapter=Luangpawn dintu Lalbawnga |author=Lalbuatsaiha |publisher=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir Committee |year=2022}}</ref><ref name="Lalkima-2011">{{cite book |title=Luangpawn History |author=H. Lalkima |year=2011}}</ref> The settlement was completed by 1906.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalbuatsaiha-2022">{{cite book |title=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir |chapter=Luangpawn tobul |author=Lalbuatsaiha |publisher=Luangpawn Golden Jubilee Souvenir Committee |year=2022}}</ref> Lalbawnga was succeeded as chief of Luangpawn by Lalbuaia Sailo, who was appointed in late 1912 at Lalbawnga's request.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalbuatsaiha-2022"/>.

During the [[Mizo National Front uprising|Mizo insurgency]] in the late 1960s,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Mizo Uprising |author=J. V. Hluna and Rini Tochhawng |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |year=2013}}</ref> the village was temporarily abandoned, and residents were relocated to [[Phullen]] on 14–15 April 1968. The villagers returned in the early 1970s and re-established Luangpawn as a permanent settlement, with a new Village Council formed on 23 February 1983.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalbuatsaiha-2022"/><ref name="Lalkima-2011"/>

The traditional chieftainship system was replaced by the Village Council system in 1954, and Luangpawn has since been administered by an elected Village Council.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalkima-2011"/><ref name="Lalbuatsaiha-2022"/>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 Census of India, Luangpawn has a population of 469, with a literacy rate of 94.49%. The majority of the population belongs to [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/271224-luangpawn-mizoram.html |title=Luangpawn Village Census 2011 |website=Census2011}}</ref>

== Economy ==
Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in Luangpawn. Jhum (shifting) cultivation is widely practiced, along with small-scale trade and local economic activities.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/>

== Religion ==
Christianity was introduced in Luangpawn in 1908. The Luangpawn [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] Church was established in 1910 and remains the primary [[Christian denomination]] in the village.<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalkima-2011"/>

== Education and institutions ==
Luangpawn has government educational institutions, including a primary school, a middle school, and a community run high school. The village also has an Anganwadi Centre and local units of community organizations such as the [[Young Mizo Association]] (YMA) and [[Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl]] (MHIP).<ref name="Hranghlunchhunga-2022"/><ref name="Lalkima-2011"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Mizoram]]

Dilip Lahariya

2026-04-24T18:35:44Z

Davidwez: added a data.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Masturi Assembly constituency|Masturi]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_start1 = 2018
| term_end1 = 2013
| constituency1 = [[Masturi Assembly constituency|Masturi]]
| predecessor = Krishnamurti Bandhi
| successor1 = Krishnamurti Bandhi
| predecessor1 = Krishnamurti Bandhi
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Dilip Lahariya''' (born 1969) is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is a two time MLA from [[Masturi Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community, in [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]]. He won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Indian National Congress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Masturi Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's Dilip Lahariya with 95497 defeats BJP's Dr. Krishna Murti Bandhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/masturi-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470849-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masturi Constituency Election Results 2023: Masturi Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh/constituency-show/masturi |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Lahariya is from [[Masturi Assembly constituency|Masturi]], Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh. He is the son of late Manohar Lahariya. He passed Class 12 in 1985 and later discontinued his studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Lahariya(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MASTURI (SC)(BILASPUR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=483 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Lahariya won from Masturi Assembly constituency, representing [[Indian National Congress]], in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 95,497 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Krishnamurti Bandi of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 20,141 votes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dilip Lahariya, INC Candidate from Masturi Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/chhattisgarh/dilip-lahariya-s26aed2008a032e2023c004/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> He first became an MLA winning the [[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Indian National Congress, defeating Krishnamurthi Bandi, by a margin of 24,146 votes. However, he lost to BJP's Krishnamurthi in the [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018 Assembly election]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Masturi Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Dilip Lahariya Wins From Masturi |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/masturi-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-jcc-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-news-1647367 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Masturi, Chhattisgarh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Masturi सीट पर INC ने हासिल की जीत |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/masturi-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830621-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lahariya, Dilip}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]

List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)

2026-04-21T19:50:36Z

Davidwez: Creating a entry nd citations

{{Short description|List of recipients of a civilian award in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox civilian award
| name = Padma Bhushan
| image = Padma Bhushan India IIe Klasse.jpg
| alt = Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband
| image_size = 100px
| type = National Civilian
| country = India
| established = 1954
| firstawarded = 1954
| presenter = [[File:Emblem of India.svg|30px|State Emblem of India]] [[Government of India]]
| previous = [[Padma Vibhushan]] "Dusra Varg" (Class II)
| obverse = A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
| reverse = A platinum [[State Emblem of India]] placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
| ribbon = [[File:Padma Bhushan Ribbon.svg|100px|Padma Bhushan riband]]
| higher = [[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Vibhushan riband]] [[Padma Vibhushan]]
| lower = [[File:Padma Shri Ribbon.svg|x15px|Padma Shri riband]] [[Padma Shri]]
| total_awarded = 200
}}

The [[Padma Bhushan]] is the third-highest [[Indian honours system|civilian award]] of the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|title=PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry|work=Firstpost|date=25 September 2017|access-date=26 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226235920/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|archive-date=26 December 2017}}</ref> Instituted on 2{{nbsp}}January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.<ref name=award1954>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Lal|first=Shavax A.|year=1954|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=2 January 1954|access-date=31 March 2018|pages=2|quote=The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514155953/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|archive-date=14 May 2014}}</ref> The recipients receive a ''Sanad'', a certificate signed by the [[President of India]] and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] (26{{nbsp}}January) and registered in ''[[The Gazette of India]]''{{mdash}}a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]].<ref name="scheme">{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|access-date=28 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002803/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|archive-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the ''Gazette''. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;<ref name=award1955>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Ayyar|first=N. M.|year=1955|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=15 January 1955|access-date=31 March 2018|pages=8|quote=All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518211317/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the [[State governments of India|state and the union territory governments]], as well as from [[Union Government ministries of India|Ministries of the Government of India]], the [[Bharat Ratna]] and the [[List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients|Padma Vibhushan awardees]], the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the [[List of current Indian chief ministers|Chief Ministers]] and the [[List of current Indian governors|Governors of State]], and the [[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]] including private individuals.<ref name="scheme" />

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier [[Padma Vibhushan]] awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15{{nbsp}}January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="scheme" /> The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the [[Public sector undertakings in India|public sector undertakings]] with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.<ref name=award1955 /> The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion {{convert|1+3/4|inch|mm}} in diameter and {{convert|1/8|inch|mm}} thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of {{convert|1+3/16|inch|mm}} side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter {{convert|1+1/16|inch|mm}} is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in [[Devanagari]] script. The [[State Emblem of India]] is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband {{convert|1+1/4|inch|mm}} in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.<ref name="scheme" /><ref name=award1955 /> It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of [[Indian honours system|the Indian civilian and military awards]].{{efn|The order of precedence is: [[Bharat Ratna]], [[Param Vir Chakra]], [[Ashoka Chakra (military decoration)|Ashoka Chakra]], [[Padma Vibhushan]] and Padma Bhushan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg==|title=Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals|access-date=22 November 2015|publisher=Indian Army|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220808/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA%3D%3D&ParentID=XRRy6fl%2FYj1c0bK0sve+Pg%3D%3D|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>}}

A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s{{dash}} ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients{{dash}} two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist [[Manikonda Chalapathi Rau]] and [[Kannada]] writer [[K. Shivaram Karanth]] returned their 1968 awards, while [[Sitar]] player [[Vilayat Khan]] refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".<ref name="Chalapathi" />{{efn|Vilayat Khan had earlier refused [[Padma Shri]] (1964) and later also refused [[Padma Vibhushan]] (2000).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWDnTWrz4O8C&pg=PA411|title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic|author1=Kaminsky, Arnold P.|author2=Long, Roger D.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-37462-3|page=411}}
* {{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|title=Those who said no to top awards|newspaper=The Times of India|date=20 January 2008|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124063906/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/Those-who-said-no-to-top-awards/articleshow/2714615.cms|archive-date=24 November 2013|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Ne140209fight_for.asp|title=Fight For The Padma Brand|newspaper=Tehelka|date=14 February 2009|access-date=15 March 2016|author=Naithani, Shobhita|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003213837/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main41.asp?filename=Ne140209fight_for.asp|archive-date=3 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}

== Overview ==

{|class="plainrowheaders"
|+
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top"|
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by year<ref name="award60-69">{{cite press release|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2017)|url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017_0.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=21 May 2017|access-date=6 February 2022|pages=6–20|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114171606/https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| float = right
| bar_width = 12
| width_units = em
| data_max = 30
| label_type = Year
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = 1960
| data1 = 10
| label2 = 1961
| data2 = 13
| label3 = 1962
| data3 = 27
| label4 = 1963
| data4 = 12
| label5 = 1964
| data5 = 18
| label6 = 1965
| data6 = 25
| label7 = 1966
| data7 = 14
| label8 = 1967
| data8 = 24
| label9 = 1968
| data9 = 28
| label10 = 1969
| data10 = 29
}}
! scope="col" style="vertical-align:top"|
{{Bar graph
| title = Award recipients by field<ref name="award60-69" />
| float = right
| bar_width = 12
| width_units = em
| data_max = 70
| label_type = Field
| data_type = Number of recipients
| label1 = Arts
| data1 = 17
| label2 = Civil Service
| data2 = 22
| label3 = Literature & Education
| data3 = 69
| label4 = Medicine
| data4 = 32
| label5 = Public Affairs
| data5 = 16
| label6 = Science & Engineering
| data6 = 15
| label7 = Social Work
| data7 = 14
| label8 = Sports
| data8 = 5
| label9 = Trade & Industry
| data9 = 10
}}
|}

== Recipients ==

{{Table TOC|1960|1961|1962|1963|1964|1965|1966|1967|1968|1969}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Image
! scope="col" | Laureates
! scope="col" | Field
! scope="col" | State / country
|- id="1960"
| style="text-align:center;" |1960
| [[File:Haridas_sidhantabagish.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Haridas Siddhanta|Bagish}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1960
|
! {{sortname|Rabindra Nath|Chaudhuri}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Nilakantha_Das.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Nilakantha|Das}}
| Public Affairs
| Orissa
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1960
|
! {{sortname|Rajeshwar Shastri|Dravid}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Kazi_Nazrul_Islam,_circa_1940.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Kazi Nazrul|Islam}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal{{efn-ua|Kazi Nazrul Islam was accorded the citizenship of Bangladesh in January 1976.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dissent of Nazrul Islam: Poetry and History|publisher=Oxford University Press|author=Mitra, Priti Kumar|year=2007|page=93|isbn=978-0-19-568398-1}}</ref>}}
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Hafiz_Ali_Khan_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Hafiz Ali|Khan}}
| Arts
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Bal_Krishna_Sharma_Naveen_1989_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Bal Krishna Sharma|Naveen}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1960
|
! {{sortname|Ayyadevara Kaleswara|Rao}}
| Public Affairs
| Andhra Pradesh
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Acharya_Shivpujan_Sahay_1998_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Acharya Shivpujan|Sahay}}
| Literature and Education
| Bihar
|-
| 1960
|
! {{sortname|Vithal Nagesh|Shirodkar}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|- id="1961"
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Tridib Nath|Banerjee|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Rustomji Bomanji|Billimoria}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Seth Govind|Das}}
| Literature and Education
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1961
| [[File:Verrier_Elwin.jpg|70px]]
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFECC8"| '''{{sortname|Verrier|Elwin}}'''*
| Science and Engineering
| United Kingdom
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Niranjan Das|Gulhati}}
| Civil Service
| Delhi
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|L. Venkatakrishna|Iyer}}
| Civil Service
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Rai|Krishnadasa}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1961
| [[File:Sumitranandan_Pant_2015_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Sumitranandan|Pant}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1961
| [[File:Artist_Svetoslav_Roerich.jpg|70px]]
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFECC8"| '''{{sortname|Svetoslav|Roerich}}'''*
| Arts
| Soviet Union
|-
| 1961
| [[File:Bhagwan_Sahay.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Bhagwan|Sahay}}
| Civil Service
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Bindeshwari Prasad|Verma}}
| Public Affairs
| Bihar
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|K.|Venkataraman}}
| Trade and Industry
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1961
|
! {{sortname|Ardeshir Ruttonji|Wadia}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|- id="1962"
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Ramaswamy Duraiswamy|Ayyar|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Delhi
|-
| 1962
|
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Gyanesh Chandra|Chatterjee|nolink=1}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Ramchandra Narayan|Dandekar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Prem Chandra|Dhanda}}
| Medicine
| Punjab
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Asaf_Ali_Asghar_Fyzee.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Asaf Ali Asghar|Fyzee}}
| Literature and Education
| Jammu and Kashmir
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Ustad_Bade_Ghulam_Ali_Khan.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Bade Ghulam Ali|Khan}}
| Arts
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Jafar Ali|Khan}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Daulat_Singh_Kothari_2011_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Daulat Singh|Kothari}}
| Civil Service
| Delhi
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Mithibai_A._Tata.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Mithan Jamshed|Lam}}
| Public Affairs
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Sudhansu Sobhan|Maitra}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Sisir_Kumar_Mitra,_FRS.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Sisir Kumar|Mitra}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Long_sleeping_place_of_Padma_Bhushan_Smt._Tarabai_Modak,_Kosbad_Hill,_Dahau,_Thane_-_panoramio.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Tarabai|Modak}}
| Social Work
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Radhakamal|Mukerjee}}
| Science and Engineering
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Sudhindra Nath|Mukerjee|nolink=1}}
| Public Affairs
| West Bengal
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Niaz|Fatehpuri}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Jal R.|Patel}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Narayan Sitaram|Phadke}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|V.|Raghavan}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Dukhan|Ram}}
| Medicine
| Bihar
|-
| 1962
| [[File:TS_Soundram_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|T. S.|Soundram}}
| Social Work
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Mahankali Seetharama|Rao}}
| Medicine
| Andhra Pradesh
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Raghunath|Saran|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Bihar
|-
| 1962
| [[File:Dr_Moutri_Satyanarayan.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Moturi|Satyanarayana}}
| Public Affairs
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Sitaram|Seksaria}}
| Social Work
| Assam
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Santosh Kumar|Sen}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Tarlok|Singh|dab=economist}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1962
|
! {{sortname|Raja Radhika Raman|Sinha}}
| Literature and Education
| Bihar
|- id="1963"
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Narendra Nath|Bery}}
| Medicine
| Punjab
|-
| 1963
| [[File:Makhanlal_Chaturvedi_1977_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Makhanlal|Chaturvedi}}
| Literature and Education
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1963
| [[File:Omeo_Kumar_Das_1998_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Omeo Kumar|Das}}
| Social Work
| Assam
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Nitish Chandra|Laharry}}
| Social Work
| West Bengal
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Badri Nath|Prasad}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Kanuri Lakshmana|Rao}}
| Civil Service
| Delhi
|-
| 1963
| [[File:Rahul_Sankrityayan_1993_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Rahul|Sankrityayan}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Ramanlal Gokaldas|Saraiya}}
| Public Affairs
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|T. R.|Seshadri}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|Sardar Harnarain|Singh}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1963
|
! {{sortname|M. L.|Soni|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Delhi
|-
| 1963
| [[File:Ramkumar-verma.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Ramkumar|Verma}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|- id="1964"
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Sheikh|Abdullah|dab=educationalist}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Nuruddin|Ahmed}}
| Public Affairs
| Delhi
|-
| 1964
| [[File:Dr._R_Ahmed.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Rafiuddin|Ahmed|dab=dentist}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1964
| [[File:Dr._Jacob_Chandy_(1960).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Jacob|Chandy}}
| Medicine
| Kerala
|-
| 1964
| [[File:Kunji_Lal_Dubey_1996_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Kunji Lal|Dubey}}
| Public Affairs
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1964
| [[File:TusharKantiGhosh.png|70px]]
! {{sortname|Tushar Kanti|Ghosh}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Anil Bandhu|Guha|nolink=1}}
| Civil Service
| West Bengal
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Mohd. Abdul|Hai|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Bihar
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Dara Nusserwanji|Khurody}}
| Trade and Industry
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1964
| [[File:Anukul_Chandra_Mukherjee.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Anukul Chandra|Mukherjee}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1964
| [[File:J_N_Mukherjee.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Jnanendra Nath|Mukherjee}}
| Science and Engineering
| West Bengal
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Bhola Nath|Mullik}}
| Civil Service
| Delhi
|-
| 1964
| [[File:RK_Narayan_2009_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|R. K.|Narayan}}
| Literature and Education
| Karnataka
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Chintaman Govind|Pandit}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Tribhuvandas Kishibhai|Patel}}
| Social Work
| Gujarat
|-
| 1964
| [[File:Bal_Gandharv.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Bal|Gandharva}}
| Arts
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|T. Narayanayajwa|Ramachandran|T. N. Ramachandran}}
| Science and Engineering
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1964
|
! {{sortname|Khushwant Lal|Wig}}
| Medicine
| Punjab
|- id="1965"
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Krishnaswami Balasubramania|Iyer|nolink=1}}
| Public Affairs
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Jogesh Chandra|Banerjee|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Joginder Singh|Dhillon}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Sir_Chintamanrao_Patwardhan.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Appasaheb|Patwardhan|Chintamanrao Dhundirao Patwardhan}}
| Public Affairs
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Bhalchandra Babaji|Dikshit}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Patrick|Dunn|dab=Indian Army general}}
| Civil Service
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Narasinh Narayan|Godbole}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Nawang_Gonbu_with_Lifetime_Achievement_Award_under_Tenzing_Norgay_National_Adventure_Award_–2005_category_in_2006_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Nawang|Gombu}}
| Sports
| West Bengal
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Sonam|Gyatso|dab=mountaineer}}
| Sports
| Sikkim
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Kashmir Singh|Katoch}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Photo_Akbar_Ali_Khan.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Akbar Ali|Khan|dab=politician}}
| Public Affairs
| Telangana
|-
| 1965
| [[File:SL_Kirloskar_2003_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Shantanu Lakshman|Kirloskar|S. L. Kirloskar}}
| Trade and Industry
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Mohan_Singh_Kohli_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Mohan Singh|Kohli}}
| Sports
| Delhi
|-
| 1965
| [[File:ACM_PC_Lal.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Pratap Chandra|Lal}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Mohammad|Mujeeb}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Jayant_Vishnu_Narlikar_-_Kolkata_2007-03-20_07342.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Jayant|Narlikar}}
| Science and Engineering
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1965
| [[File:AM_R_Rajaram.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Ramaswamy|Rajaram}}
| Civil Service
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1965
| [[File:K_R_Ramanathan.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|K. R.|Ramanathan}}
| Science and Engineering
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Satyajit_Ray_in_New_York_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Satyajit|Ray}}
| Arts
| West Bengal
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Triguna_Sen_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Triguna|Sen}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Santu|Shahaney}}
| Civil Service
| West Bengal
|-
| 1965
|
! {{sortname|Shiv|Sharma|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Harbaksh_Singh.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Harbaksh|Singh}}
| Civil Service
| Delhi
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Vrindavan_Lal_Verma_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Vrindavan Lal|Verma}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1965
| [[File:Manikya_Lal_Verma.png|70px]]
! {{sortname|Manikya Lal|Verma}}
| Social Work
| Rajasthan
|- id="1966"
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|T. S. Ramaswami|Aiyer|nolink=1}}
| Public Affairs
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|Babubhai Maneklal|Chinai}}
| Trade and Industry
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|Puliyur Krishnaswamy|Duraiswami}}
| Medicine
| Delhi
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Verghese|Kurien}}
| Trade and Industry
| Gujarat
|-
| 1966
| [[File:ZubinMehtaMar11.jpg|70px]]
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFECC8"| '''{{sortname|Zubin|Mehta}}'''*
| Arts
| Canada
|-
| 1966
| [[File:K._P._Kesava_Menon_(1937).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|K. P. Kesava|Menon}}
| Public Affairs
| Kerala
|-
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|Bhabani Charan|Mukharji|nolink=1}}
| Civil Service
| West Bengal
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Mannathu_Padmanabha_Pillai_1989_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Mannathu Padmanabha|Pillai}}
| Social Work
| Kerala
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Cartoonist_Shankar.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|K. Shankar|Pillai}}
| Arts
| Delhi
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Vikram_Sarabhai.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Vikram|Sarabhai}}
| Science and Engineering
| Gujarat
|-
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|Vinayak Sitaram|Sarwate}}
| Literature and Education
| Madhya Pradesh
|-
| 1966
|
! {{sortname|Homi|Sethna}}
| Civil Service
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Detail_of_Bhai_Jodh_Singh,_from_a_photograph_of_Sardar_Amar_Singh_Wasu,_Bhagat_Lakshman_Singh,_and_Bhai_Jodh_Singh_seated_together_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Jodh|Singh}}
| Literature and Education
| Punjab
|-
| 1966
| [[File:Pt._Haribhau_Upadhyaya.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Haribhau|Upadhyaya}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|- id="1967"
| 1967
| [[File:Mulk_Raj_Anand.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Mulk Raj|Anand}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Tara|Cherian}}
| Social Work
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Mulk Raj|Chopra|nolink=1}}
| Civil Service
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Tulsi|Das|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Punjab
|-
| 1967
| [[File:Krishna_Kanta_Handique_1983_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Krishna Kanta|Handique}}
| Literature and Education
| Assam
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Akshay Kumar|Jain}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Pupul|Jayakar}}
| Social Work
| Delhi
|-
| 1967
| [[File:Dia7275_Ali_Akbar_Khan_r.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Ali Akbar|Khan}}
| Arts
| West Bengal
|-
| 1967
| [[File:D.P.Kohli.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|D. P.|Kohli}}
| Civil Service
| Punjab
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Ramanathan|Krishnan}}
| Sports
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|C. Kottieth|Lakshmanan|C. K. Lakshmanan}}
| Medicine
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|T. M. Ponnambalam|Mahadevan|T.M.P. Mahadevan}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Kalyanji Vithalbhai|Mehta|Kalyanji V. Mehta}}
| Literature and Education
| Gujarat
|-
| 1967
| [[File:Si-padmavati.webp|70px]]
! {{sortname|S. I.|Padmavati}}
| Medicine
| Delhi
|-
| 1967
| [[File:Vasantdada_Patil_2012_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Vasantrao Bandoji|Patil|Vasantdada Patil}}
| Trade and Industry
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|D. C.|Pavate}}
| Literature and Education
| Karnataka
|-
| 1967
| [[File:DVPotdar.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Datto Vaman|Potdar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|B. Shiva|Rao}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Khwaja Ghulam|Saiyidain}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Ashok Kumar|Sarkar}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Mihir|Sen}}
| Sports
| West Bengal
|-
| 1967
| [[File:Ravi_Shankar.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Ravi|Shankar}}
| Arts
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1967
|
! {{sortname|Kaikhushru Ruttonji|Shroff|nolink=1}}
| Public Affairs
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1967
| [[File:MLVasanthakumari.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|M. L.|Vasanthakumari}}
| Arts
| Andhra Pradesh
|- id="1968"
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Acharya Vishva|Bandhu}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Prabhu Lal|Bhatnagar}}
| Science and Engineering
| Karnataka
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Sudhir Ranjan|Sengupta|nolink=1}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1968
| [[File:MaryJadhav_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Mary Clubwala|Jadhav}}
| Social Work
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
| [[File:ಶಿವರಾಮ_ಕಾರಂತ.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|K. Shivaram|Karanth}}{{efn|[[K. Shivaram Karanth]] returned the award to protest against the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency declared in the country in 1975]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Vadukut, Sidin|title=Déjà View: Thanks, but no thanks|date=21 October 2015|newspaper=Live Mint|url=http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/l5sMrHw0EC8bBjM60Af7hI/Dj-View-Thanks-but-no-thanks.html|access-date=18 February 2017|archive-date=19 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219170539/http://www.livemint.com/Opinion/l5sMrHw0EC8bBjM60Af7hI/Dj-View-Thanks-but-no-thanks.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
| Literature and Education
| Karnataka
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1968
| [[File:Bismillah_Khan_2008_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Bismillah|Khan}}
| Arts
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |1968
| [[File:Vishnu_Sakharam_Khandekar_1998_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Vishnu Sakharam|Khandekar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Sam_Manekshaw_2008_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Sam|Manekshaw}}
| Civil Service
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Mansukhlal Atmaram|Master}}
| Public Affairs
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
| [[File:M._G._K._Menon_(cropped).jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|M. G. K.|Menon}}
| Medicine
| Delhi
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Waman Bapuji|Metre}}
| Science and Engineering
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Gujarmal_modi.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Gujarmal|Modi}}
| Trade and Industry
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Murugappa Channaveerappa|Modi}}
| Medicine
| Karnataka
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Gopalan|Narasimhan|G. Narasimhan}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Benjamin_Peary_Pal_2008_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Benjamin Peary|Pal}}
| Science and Engineering
| Punjab
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Brahm|Prakash}}
| Science and Engineering
| Punjab
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Manikonda Chalapathi|Rau}}{{efn|Manikonda Chalapathi Rau returned the award.<ref name="Chalapathi">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BU6AAAAIAAJ&q=padma+vibhushan+refused|title=Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance|chapter=The Privilege of Knowing M. C.|chapter-url=http://www.trivenijournalindia.com/theprivilegeofknowingmcoct83.htm|publisher=Triveni Publishers|volume=52|year=1983|author=Kumar, A. Prasanna|access-date=15 March 2016}}</ref>}}
| Literature and Education
| Andhra Pradesh
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao_close-up_(cropped).JPG|70px]]
! {{sortname|C. R.|Rao}}
| Science and Engineering
| Delhi{{efn-ua|C. R. Rao was accorded the citizenship of the United States in 1995.<ref name="Numberdars">{{cite web|url=http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|title=The Numberdars|date=1 October 2001|work=Times Crest|access-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323041225/http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/the-numberdars-6380|archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref>}}
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Dr_Radhanath_Rath.png|70px]]
! {{sortname|Radhanath|Rath}}
| Literature and Education
| Odisha
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Jyotish Chandra|Ray|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| West Bengal
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Mariadas|Ruthnaswamy}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1968
| [[File:Firaq_Gorakhpuri_1997_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Raghupati|Sahay|Firaq Gorakhpuri}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Shripad Damodar|Satwalekar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1968
| [[File:G.shankarakurup.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|G. Sankara|Kurup}}
| Literature and Education
| Kerala
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Periyasaamy|Thooran}}
| Literature and Education
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Sarda Prasad|Varma|nolink=1}}
| Civil Service
| Bihar
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Shamaprasad Rupshanker|Vasavada|S. R. Vasavada}}
| Social Work
| Gujarat
|-
| 1968
|
! {{sortname|Mamidipudi|Venkatarangayya}}
| Literature and Education
| Andhra Pradesh
|- id="1969"
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Tarasankar|Bandyopadhyay}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Krishan_Chander_2017_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Krishna|Chandar|Krishan Chander}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Rahim-ud-in Khan|Dagar}}
| Arts
| Delhi
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Mohanlal Lallubhai|Dantwala}}
| Science and Engineering
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Keshavrao Krishnarao|Datey}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Keshav Prasad|Goenka}}
| Trade and Industry
| West Bengal
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Semmangudi Srinivasa|Iyer}}
| Arts
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Vithalbhai|Jhaveri}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Prithviraj_Kapoor_2013_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Prithviraj|Kapoor}}
| Arts
| Punjab
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Kesarbai|Kerkar}}
| Arts
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Krishna Ramchand|Kriplani|Krishna Kripalani}}
| Literature and Education
| Delhi
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Adinath_Lahiri.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Adinath|Lahiri}}
| Science and Engineering
| West Bengal
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Govind_Behari_Lal.jpg|70px]]
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFECC8"| '''{{sortname|Gobind Behari|Lal}}'''*
| Literature and Education
| United States
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Kasturbhai_Lalbhai_1940.JPG|70px]]
! {{sortname|Kasturbhai|Lalbhai}}
| Trade and Industry
| Gujarat
|-
| 1969
| [[File:LataMangeshkar10.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Lata|Mangeshkar}}
| Arts
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|V. K. Narayana|Menon}}
| Science and Engineering
| Kerala
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Raman Madhavan|Nair|nolink=1}}
| Literature and Education
| Chandigarh
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Samad Yar Khan Saghar|Nizami|Saghar Nizami}}
| Literature and Education
| Uttar Pradesh
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Nanasaheb|Parulekar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Yashwant Dinkar|Pendharkar}}
| Literature and Education
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Vitthal Laxman|Phadke}}
| Social Work
| Gujarat
|-
| 1969
|
| align="center" bgcolor="#FFECC8"| '''{{sortname|Raja|Rao}}'''*
| Literature and Education
| United States
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Niharranjan|Ray}}
| Literature and Education
| West Bengal
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|P. K. |Sen|dab=surgeon}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Vallabhadas Vithaldas|Shah|nolink=1}}
| Medicine
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Haroon Khan|Sherwani}}
| Literature and Education
| Andhra Pradesh
|-
| 1969
|
! {{sortname|Kasturiswami|Sreenivasan}}
| Trade and Industry
| Tamil Nadu
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Naval_tata.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|Naval|Tata}}
| Social Work
| Maharashtra
|-
| 1969
| [[File:SS_Vasan_2004_stamp_of_India.jpg|70px]]
! {{sortname|S. S.|Vasan}}
| Arts
| Tamil Nadu
|-
|}

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

;Non-citizen recipients
{{notelist-ua|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/}}
* {{cite web|title=Awards and medals|url=http://mha.gov.in/awards_medals|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=5 February 2016|access-date=10 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002905/http://mha.gov.in/awards_medals|archive-date=9 February 2018}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–1969}}
{{featured list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Padma Bhushan Awards (1960-69)}}
[[Category:Lists of Padma Bhushan award recipients|1960-69]]

Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:02Z

Davidwez: new new stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{for|the constituency in UP|Bhojpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhojpur
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 141
| map_image = 141-Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Surendra Patwa]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Rajesh Patel
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Raisen district|Raisen]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
}}

'''[[Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh|Bhojpur]]''' Assembly constituency is one of the seats in [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in India. Bhojpur Vidhan Sabha seat is a segment of [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/bhojpur.html|title=Bhojpur (Madhya Pradesh) Election Results 2018, Current and Previous MLA|website=Elections in India}}</ref><ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|pages=227, 250}}</ref><ref name=eci2>{{cite web|url=http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Bharat|page=5|publisher=Election Commission of India website|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155640/http://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_MB.pdf|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Gulabchand
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |''1972-1977: Constituency did not exist''
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Parab Chand Lakhmichand
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Shaligram
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sunder Lal Patwa]]
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|1997^
|Ram Kishan Chouhan
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|[[Sunder Lal Patwa]]
|-
|1999^
|Naresh Singh Patel
|-
|[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Rajesh Patel
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Surendra Patwa]]<ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhojpur<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Surendra Patwa]]
|votes = {{formatnum:119289}}
|percentage = 58.2
|change = +5.39
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Rajkumar Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:78510}}
|percentage = 38.3
|change = +2.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gana Suraksha Party
|candidate = Kamlesh Uike
|votes = {{formatnum:1994}}
|percentage = 0.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1724}}
|percentage = 0.84
|change = -0.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:40779}}
|percentage = 19.9
|change = +3.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:204965}}
|percentage = 80.16
|change = +1.85
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhojpur<ref name="election2018"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Surendra Patwa]]
|votes = {{formatnum:92458}}
|percentage = 52.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Suresh Pachouri]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:62972}}
|percentage = 35.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ravi Dhurvey
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = {{formatnum:10772}}
|percentage = 6.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pohap Singh Choudhry
|votes = {{formatnum:1642}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1848}}
|percentage = 1.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:29486}}
|percentage = 16.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:175090}}
|percentage = 78.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
* Shaligram (BJP) : 23,764 votes <ref name="election1980">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/1980-election-results.html|title=Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 1980|website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
* Aslam Sher Khan (INC-I) : 13,464

==See also==
* [[Raisen]]
* [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|25.5562|N|84.6653|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Raisen district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

S. N. Subrahmanyan

2026-04-14T01:33:49Z

Davidwez:

{{short description|Chairman of Larsen & Toubro }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. N. Subrahmanyan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Sekharipuram Narayanan Subrahmanyan
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|16 March 1960}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[India]]
| alma_mater = [[London Business School]], [[NIT Kurukshetra]]
| occupation = [[Businessman]]
| known_for = [[Chairman]] & Managing Director of [[Larsen & Toubro]]
| notable works =
| spouse = Meena Subrahmanyan
| children = 2
}}

'''Sekharipuram Narayanan Subrahmanyan''' (born 16 March 1960) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[businessman]] who is the [[chairman]] and managing director of [[Larsen & Toubro]], an Indian multinational conglomerate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2023 |title=L&T Chairman AM Naik passes the baton to SN Subrahmanyan |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/lt-chairman-am-naik-passes-the-baton-to-sn-subrahmanyan/article67366046.ece |website=BusinessLine |access-date=5 October 2023 |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005115151/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/lt-chairman-am-naik-passes-the-baton-to-sn-subrahmanyan/article67366046.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> He took over as the MD from [[A. M. Naik]] on 1 July 2017.<ref name="business standard india-2017">{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/will-speak-less-and-work-more-says-s-n-subrahmanyan-117040701558_1.html|title=Will speak less and work more, says S N Subrahmanyan|date=2017-04-07|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2020-01-29|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504193543/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/will-speak-less-and-work-more-says-s-n-subrahmanyan-117040701558_1.html|archive-date=2017-05-04}}</ref> He is vice chairman on the Boards of [[LTIMindtree]] and [[L&T Technology Services]], chairman of [[L&T Metro Rail Hyderabad|L&T Metro Rail (Hyderabad) Limited]] and chairperson of L&T Finance.<ref name="business standard india-2017" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-28 |title=LTFH appoints S.N. Subrahmanyan as chairperson |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ltfh-appoints-sn-subrahmanyan-as-chairperson/article65095202.ece |access-date=2022-03-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In February 2021, he was appointed chairman of the [[National Safety Council (India)|National Safety Council (NSC)]] for a tenure of three years by the [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Ministry of Labour and Employment]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/labour-ministry-appoints-s-n-subrahmanyan-as-chairman-of-national-safety-council/articleshow/80690760.cms | title=Labour Ministry appoints L&T CEO Subrahmanyan as Chairman of National Safety Council | newspaper=The Economic Times | last1=Prasad | first1=Rachita }}</ref> He is also one of nine founding members of Climate Finance Leadership Initiative (CFLI) India.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bloomberg Announces Founding Members of CFLI India {{!}} Press {{!}} Bloomberg LP |language=en-US |work=Bloomberg L.P. |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press/bloomberg-announces-founding-members-of-cfli-india/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |archive-date=18 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318173244/https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press/bloomberg-announces-founding-members-of-cfli-india/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early life ==
Born in [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu Subrahmanyan's father, S S Narayanan was a General Manager with the [[Indian Railways]]. He studied at Vidya Mandir Senior Secondary School, [[Mylapore]] in Chennai and completed his graduation in Civil Engineering from Regional Engineering College Kurukshetra (Presently [[National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]] in 1982.<ref name="dna india">{{Cite web |title=Meet one of highest-paid CEOs who leads Rs 372000 crore company, his salary is... |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-one-of-highest-paid-ceos-who-leads-rs-372000-crore-firm-his-salary-in-crore-sn-subrahmanyan-nit-alumnus-3053842 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031120957/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-one-of-highest-paid-ceos-who-leads-rs-372000-crore-firm-his-salary-in-crore-sn-subrahmanyan-nit-alumnus-3053842 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He pursued a Masters in Business Administration from [[Symbiosis International University|Symbiosis Institute of Business Management]], Pune followed by an Executive Management Programme from the [[London Business School]].<ref name="dna india" />

== Career ==
S. N. Subrahmanyan joined the ECC Division of Larsen & Toubro in 1984 and began working with leaders like Cheyur Ramaswamy Ramakrishnan (former Joint Managing Director, L&T), A Ramakrishna (former President & Deputy Managing Director, L&T) and K V Rangaswami (former President, ECC).<ref name="sn subrahmanyan to lead l-2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sn-subrahmanyan-to-lead-lampt-from-today/article9743749.ece|title=SN Subrahmanyan to lead L&T from today|date=30 June 2017 |language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129083802/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sn-subrahmanyan-to-lead-lampt-from-today/article9743749.ece|archive-date=2020-01-29|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>

In July 2011, Subrahmanyan was appointed as full-time Director on the L&T Board and designated as Member of the Board and Senior Executive Vice President (Construction).<ref name="sn subrahmanyan to lead l-2017" /> In October 2015, he was designated Deputy Managing Director & President, L&T.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/sn-subrahmanyan-named-deputy-md-of-larsen-toubro-likely-to-succeed-am-naik/articleshow/49052777.cms|title=SN Subrahmanyan named deputy md of Larsen & Toubro, likely to succeed AM Naik|date=2015-09-22|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-01-29|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925052022/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/sn-subrahmanyan-named-deputy-md-of-larsen-toubro-likely-to-succeed-am-naik/articleshow/49052777.cms|archive-date=2015-09-25}}</ref> In 2017, he was promoted to the role of Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director by the company's board of directors.<ref name="sn subrahmanyan to lead l-2017" />

He took charge as Chairman and Managing Director of L&T from 1 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-01 |title=Be ready for 'massive changes' in ecosystem: SN Subrahmanyan |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/be-ready-for-massive-changes-in-ecosystem-sn-subrahmanyan/articleshow/104088348.cms |access-date=2023-11-02 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102070342/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/engineering/be-ready-for-massive-changes-in-ecosystem-sn-subrahmanyan/articleshow/104088348.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Controversy ==
In January 2025, an undated video of Subrahmanyan’s New Year address sparked widespread controversy online. In the video, an employee is heard asking why L&T, one of India's largest conglomerates, requires employees to work on Saturdays. In response, Subrahmanyan expressed regret not being able to make employees work on Sundays, stating it would make him happier since he himself works on Sundays. He further questioned that what do employees do "sitting at home" and how long could spouses stare at each other, suggesting that employees should "Get to the office and start working" on Sundays instead. Subrahmanyan justified this stance by citing a conversation with a Chinese individual who claimed that China's longer work hours could enable them to surpass the United States. He subsequently endorsed a 90-hour workweek for employees, adding that such effort was necessary for achieving success.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2025 |title="What Do You Do Sitting At Home": L&T Chairman Suggests Working Sundays |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/l-t-chairman-sn-subrahmanyans-90-hours-work-a-week-statement-draws-criticism-7433804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110080101/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/l-t-chairman-sn-subrahmanyans-90-hours-work-a-week-statement-draws-criticism-7433804 |archive-date=10 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2025-01-09 |title='How long can you stare at wife?': L&T chairman Subrahmanyan suggests 90-hour work week |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/how-long-can-you-stare-at-wife-lt-chairman-subrahmanyan-suggests-90-hour-work-week/article69082012.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110080101/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/how-long-can-you-stare-at-wife-lt-chairman-subrahmanyan-suggests-90-hour-work-week/article69082012.ece |archive-date=10 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-10 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN}}</ref> However, his statements were contradicted by a 2021 [[United Nations]] report, which highlighted the detrimental effects of excessive work hours on mental and physical health.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Panwar |first=Sanya |date=Jan 10, 2025 |title=L&T chairman SN Subrahmanyan endorses '90-hour work week' but a UN report warns long working hours can kill you |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/lt-chairman-sn-subrahmanyan-under-fire-90-hour-work-week-reaction-un-report-long-working-hours-can-kill-you-warning-101736488457967.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=19 January 2025 |access-date=10 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119222227/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/lt-chairman-sn-subrahmanyan-under-fire-90-hour-work-week-reaction-un-report-long-working-hours-can-kill-you-warning-101736488457967.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after the video went viral, Meena Subrahmanyan, his wife, became the target of widespread trolling on social media due to her husband's remarks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2025 |title=Meena Subrahmanyan, Wife Of L&T Chief SN Subrahmanyan, Gets The Heat From Netizens For Latter's 90-Hour Workweek Remark |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/meena-subrahmanyan-wife-of-lt-chief-sn-subrahmanyan-gets-the-heat-from-netizens-for-latters-90-hour-workweek-remark |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250111154006/https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/meena-subrahmanyan-wife-of-lt-chief-sn-subrahmanyan-gets-the-heat-from-netizens-for-latters-90-hour-workweek-remark |archive-date=11 January 2025 |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]] |language=en}}</ref>

The remarks reignited concerns about toxic work environments in India, especially following the 2024 death of an Indian Chartered Accountant and death due to heart attack of another one attributed to work pressure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna Sebastian Perayil: Death of Indian employee sparks debate on 'toxic work culture' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0kjgp4jr5yo |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=BBC.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110080102/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0kjgp4jr5yo |url-status=live |date=25 September 2024}}</ref> This controversy also brought attention to Subrahmanyan’s substantial remuneration in 2024, which amounted to ₹510,000,000 (approximately $6,000,000 in 2025), compared to L&T’s median employee salary of ₹955,000 (approximately $11,000 in 2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-11 |title=L&T CMD got Rs 51 crore salary in FY24, up 43% |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2024/Jun/11/lt-cmd-got-rs-51-crore-salary-in-fy24-up-43 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110080101/https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2024/Jun/11/lt-cmd-got-rs-51-crore-salary-in-fy24-up-43 |archive-date=10 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=90-hour work week row: At Rs 51 crore, L&T Chairman earned 535 times median salary of employees in FY24 |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/90-hour-work-week-row-at-rs-51-crore-l-t-chairman-earned-535-times-median-salary-of-employees-in-fy24-12907460.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250201105520/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/90-hour-work-week-row-at-rs-51-crore-l-t-chairman-earned-535-times-median-salary-of-employees-in-fy24-12907460.html |archive-date=2025-02-01 |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=[[Moneycontrol]] |language=en}}</ref>

Prominent figures such as [[Gautam Adani]], [[Harsh Goenka]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Anand Mahindra]], [[Anupam Mittal]] and [[Cyrus S. Poonawalla|Cyrus Poonawalla]] expressed their disapproval of Subrahmanyan’s remarks on social media.<ref>{{Cite web |title='She Loves Staring At Me On Sundays': Adar Poonawalla Espouses Anand Mahindra, Takes A Swipe L&T Chairman SN Subrahmanyan In The 90-Hour Debate |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/she-loves-staring-at-me-on-sundays-adar-poonawalla-espouses-anand-mahindra-takes-a-swipe-lt-chairman-sn-subrahmanyan-in-the-90-hour-debate |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-11 |title=Love staring at my wife: Anand Mahindra's cheeky reply to 90-hour work week debate |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anand-mahindra-lt-chief-sn-subrahmanyan-work-week-row-work-life-balance-narayana-murthy-2663431-2025-01-11 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113090823/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/anand-mahindra-lt-chief-sn-subrahmanyan-work-week-row-work-life-balance-narayana-murthy-2663431-2025-01-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title='Rename Sunday to Sun-duty': Harsh Goenka slams L&T chairman's 90-hour workweek remark; Deepika Padukone says it's 'shocking' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/rename-sunday-to-sun-duty-harsh-goenka-slam-larsen-and-toubro-chairman-90-hour-workweek-remark-9770894/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110080101/https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-in-india/rename-sunday-to-sun-duty-harsh-goenka-slam-larsen-and-toubro-chairman-90-hour-workweek-remark-9770894/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Srivastava |first=Soumya |date=Jan 9, 2025 |title=Deepika Padukone calls out L&T chairman for wanting employees to work everyday: 'Shocking to see such…' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-calls-out-l-t-chairman-for-wanting-employees-to-work-everyday-shocking-to-see-such-101736428209798.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409010457/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-calls-out-l-t-chairman-for-wanting-employees-to-work-everyday-shocking-to-see-such-101736428209798.html |archive-date=9 April 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=10 January 2025 }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=12 January 2025 |title=Anupam Mittal's Humorous Take On L&T Chief's 'Stare at Wife' Remark: "But Sir, If..." |url=https://www.ndtv.com/feature/anupam-mittals-humorous-take-on-l-t-chiefs-stare-at-wife-remark-but-sir-if-7455707 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430175402/https://www.ndtv.com/feature/anupam-mittals-humorous-take-on-l-t-chiefs-stare-at-wife-remark-but-sir-if-7455707 |archive-date=30 April 2025 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref> A spokesperson for L&T defended his statements, describing them as a call for collective dedication and effort to drive progress and achieve the shared vision of India, emphasizing that extraordinary outcomes demand extraordinary effort.<ref name=":2" /> In August 2025, Subrahmanyam alleged his remarks were made casually but recorded against rules, and he was frustrated as high-profile clients questioned him on L&T's poor work progress.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-18 |title=‘My wife also felt bad’, L&T Chairman breaks silence on work on Sunday comment row, ‘I was worried because…’ |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/trending/my-wife-also-felt-bad-lampt-chairman-breaks-silence-on-work-on-sunday-comment-row-i-was-worried-because/3950262/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818152029/https://www.financialexpress.com/trending/my-wife-also-felt-bad-lampt-chairman-breaks-silence-on-work-on-sunday-comment-row-i-was-worried-because/3950262/|archive-date=18 August 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Recognition ==
* Ranked 8th in Power 100 list by ''Construction Week'' about influential faces of Middle East construction in 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=POWER 100 REVEALED: The most influential faces of Middle East construction in 2023 |url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/power-lists/power-100-revealed-the-most-influential-faces-of-middle-east-construction |website=Construction Week |date=June 2023 |access-date=1 June 2023 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601052735/https://www.constructionweekonline.com/power-lists/power-100-revealed-the-most-influential-faces-of-middle-east-construction |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Best CEO in the Infrastructure Sector of the ''[[Fortune India]]'' Best CEOs 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=The C-Suite Extraordinaire |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/the-c-suite-extraordinaire/109900 |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |date=4 October 2022 |language=en |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006085743/https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/the-c-suite-extraordinaire/109900 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Best CEO in the Infrastructure & Engineering category of the BT-PwC India’s Best CEOs ranking 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How S.N. Subrahmanyan is Building a New Legacy at L&T |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/corporate/story/how-sn-subrahmanyan-is-building-a-new-legacy-at-lt-325983-2022-03-14 |access-date=2022-03-15 |website=Business Today |date=14 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* Featured in the Top 50 Utilities Leaders In The GCC 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utilities-me.com/gallery/17558-the-top-50-utilities-leaders-in-the-gcc-2021|title=The Top 50 Utilities Leaders in the GCC 2021 – Utilities Middle East|date=8 July 2021}}</ref>
* Appointed as Chairman of National Safety Council by Labour Ministry<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prasad |first=Rachita |title=Labour Ministry appoints L&T CEO Subrahmanyan as Chairman of National Safety Council |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/labour-ministry-appoints-s-n-subrahmanyan-as-chairman-of-national-safety-council/articleshow/80690760.cms |access-date=2022-03-03 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204165603/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/labour-ministry-appoints-s-n-subrahmanyan-as-chairman-of-national-safety-council/articleshow/80690760.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Ranked 11 in the Construction Week magazine Power 100 Ranking for 2021<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 Jun 2021|title=2021 CW Power 100: L&T's SN Subramanyan climbs to no. 11|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/business/272699-2021-cw-power-100-lts-sn-subramanyan-climbs-to-no-11|access-date=3 Jun 2021|website=Construction Week Online}}</ref>
*CEO of the year(pvt) 2019 by CNBC – Awaaz<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/cnbc-awaaz-ceo-awards-2019-celebrating-indias-outstanding-leaders-5429751.htm|title=CNBC-AWAAZ CEO Awards 2019 – Celebrating India's Outstanding Leaders|website=cnbctv18.com|date=5 March 2020|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-05|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307035237/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/cnbc-awaaz-ceo-awards-2019-celebrating-indias-outstanding-leaders-5429751.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Emergent Award at the CEO Awards 2019 for exemplary leadership.<ref name="dna india-2">{{Cite web |title=Meet SN Subrahmanyan, CEO who Rs earns 16.7 lakh per day, runs Rs 3 lakh crore firm |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-sn-subrahmanyan-whose-salary-is-rs-167-lakh-per-day-for-running-rs-3-lakh-crore-larsen-and-toubro-3031241 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=DNA India |language=en |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031120957/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-sn-subrahmanyan-whose-salary-is-rs-167-lakh-per-day-for-running-rs-3-lakh-crore-larsen-and-toubro-3031241 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ranked 13 in the Construction Week magazine Power 100 Ranking for 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/business/256177-2019-cw-power-100-sn-subrahmanyan-of-indias-larsen-toubro-at-13|title=2019 CW Power 100: Indian giant L&T's SN Subrahmanyan at #13|date=30 June 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219103456/https://www.constructionweekonline.com/business/256177-2019-cw-power-100-sn-subrahmanyan-of-indias-larsen-toubro-at-13|archive-date=2019-12-19|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>
* Recognized with the IIM-JRD Tata Award by the Indian Institute of Metallurgy (IIM) in 2019 for his "service to the country through leadership in the industry, corporate governance and fulfilling societal responsibilities."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/lt-md-and-ceo-subrahmanyan-receives-iim-jrd-tata-award/1771837/|title=L&T MD and CEO Subrahmanyan receives IIM-JRD Tata Award|date=2019-11-22|website=The Financial Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129085311/https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/lt-md-and-ceo-subrahmanyan-receives-iim-jrd-tata-award/1771837/|archive-date=2020-01-29|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>
* ‘Contractor CEO of the Year’ at Qatar Contractors Forum & Awards function in 2014{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* Ranked 36th in the ‘2014 Construction Week Power 100’<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-28739-2014-construction-week-power-100-1-10|title=2014 Construction Week Power 100: 1-10|date=22 June 2014 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129083803/https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-28739-2014-construction-week-power-100-1-10|archive-date=2020-01-29|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>
* Leading Engineering Personality award at ‘Glimpses of Engineering Personalities’ by the Institution of Engineers (India) in 2014<ref name="dna india-2" />
* Recognized as the ‘Infrastructure Person of the Year – 2012’ by Construction Week (CW) magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chairman – NSC |url=https://nsc.org.in/chairman/ |access-date=2023-10-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003170725/https://nsc.org.in/chairman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Larsen & Toubro}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:S.N.Subrahmanyan}}
[[Category:Indian chief executives]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Larsen & Toubro]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]

Ramchandra Singh Deo

2026-04-11T20:51:50Z

Davidwez: done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramchandra Singh Deo
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|2|13}}
| birth_place = [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh|Baikunthpur]], [[Korea State]] ({{small| present-day [[Koriya district]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[India]]}})
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|7|20|1930|2|13}}
| death_place = [[Raipur]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Allahabad]] (M.Sc., Ph.D.)
| occupation = Politician, author
| party = {{flagicon image|Indian National Congress Flag.svg}} [[Indian National Congress]]
| office1 = 1st [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Finance Minister of Chhattisgarh]]
| term_start1 = November 2000
| term_end1 = December 2003
| predecessor1 = ''Office established''
| successor1 = [[Amar Agrawal]]
| office2 = [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|Minister of Water Resources, Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = ?
| term_end2 = 2000
| office3 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Undivided Madhya Pradesh]] & [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]]
| term_start3 = 1990
| term_end3 = 2008
| predecessor3 = Dwarika Prasad, [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| successor3 = [[Bhaiyalal Rajwade]]
| constituency3 = [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Baikunthpur]]
| term_start4 = 1967
| term_end4 = 1977
| predecessor4 = Jwala Prasad, [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
| successor4 = Jwala Prasad, [[Janata Party|JP]]
| constituency4 = [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Baikunthpur]]
| native_name = रामचंद्र सिंह देव कोरिया नरेश
| native_name_lang = hi
| relations = [[Ambica Singh Deo]] (niece)
}}
'''Ramchandra Singh Deo'''{{efn|Hindi: रामचंद्र सिंह देव}} (13 February 1930 – 20 July 2018) also known as '''Koriya Naresh''' was an Indian politician, author, and member of the erstwhile royal family of [[Korea State|Koriya]]. As a leader of the [[Indian National Congress]], he held key state-level portfolios in undivided [[Madhya Pradesh]] and later became the inaugural [[Government of Chhattisgarh|Finance Minister]] of the newly formed state of [[Chhattisgarh]].

== Early life and education ==
Born in [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh|Baikuntpur]], [[Korea State|Koriya State]], on 13 February 1930, Ramchandra Singh Deo completed his [[Master of Science]] and later obtained a Ph.D. in Life Sciences from the [[University of Allahabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chhattisgarh's First Finance Minister Ramchandra Singh Deo Dies At 88 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/veteran-chhattisgarh-politician-ramchandra-singh-deo-dies-at-88-1886732 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> Before entering politics, he briefly worked as a photographer for acclaimed filmmaker Satyajit Ray.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2018-07-20 |title=Ramchandra Singh Deo, the first finance minister of Chhattisgarh, dies at 88 |url=https://scroll.in/latest/887297/ramchandra-singh-deo-the-first-finance-minister-of-chhattisgarh-dies-at-88 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Singh Deo belonged to the [[Indian National Congress]] and was elected MLA from [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Baikunthpur]] (Koriya) constituency five times between 1967 and 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-20 |title=Ramchandra Singh Deo — Erstwhile king and Chhattisgarh's first finance minister passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramchandra-singh-deo-an-erstwhile-king-chhattisgarh-first-finance-minister-passes-away-5267008/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In undivided Madhya Pradesh, he served as Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation, known for championing rehabilitation efforts for people displaced by large dam projects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hindustan Times |first=PTI |date=Oct 13, 2003 |title=Ramchandra Singhdeo |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ramchandra-singhdeo/story-6aYer96vBVmwzcprWqRbLN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250714120752/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/ramchandra-singhdeo/story-6aYer96vBVmwzcprWqRbLN.html |archive-date=14 July 2025 |access-date=14 July 2025 }}</ref>

Following the [[Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000|formation of Chhattisgarh]] in November 2000, its first Chief Minister [[Ajit Jogi]] appointed him as the state's first Finance Minister. He also held portfolios for Planning, Commercial Tax, and implementation of the 20‑point programme.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Dr. Suresh Prasad Sarangi |date=April 2017 |title=The Role of R.N. Singh Deo in the State Politics of Odisha in the Pre and Post-Independent Political Scenario: A Critical Study |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/orissareview/2017/April/engpdf/The_Role_of_R.N._Singh_Deo.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com |journal=Odisha Review}}</ref>

He retired from electoral politics in [[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]], lamenting that campaigning had become dependent on distributing alcohol and cash—practices he refused to engage in.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=The Pioneer |first=Staff Reporter |date=21 July 2018 |title=CM grieves demise of Dr Ramchandra Singhdeo |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/raipur/cm-grieves-demise-of-dr-ramchandra-singhdeo.html}}</ref>

== Authorship and advocacy ==
Deo authored several books on economic issues and the socio-political challenges in the [[Bastar district|Bastar region]], especially concerning [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Naxalite activities]].<ref name=":0" /> He was widely regarded as an expert in irrigation policy and tribal welfare initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Congress leader Ramchandra Singhdeo dead |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/veteran-congress-leader-ramchandra-singhdeo-dead-623671/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He hailed from the royal family of the [[Korea State|Koriya State]], which acceded to India in 1948. Despite this aristocratic background, Singh Deo led a modest lifestyle and earned a reputation as a politician who prioritized the welfare of locals over partisan interests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh Deo |first=Dr. Ramchandra |title=सभ्यता की हड़बड़ी में |date=January 1, 1982 |language=Hindi |trans-title=Civilisation in Hurry}}</ref>

His niece, [[Ambica Singh Deo]] is also a politician from Chhattisgarh who won the [[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018 Chhattisgarh elections]] from [[Baikunthpur, Chhattisgarh Assembly constituency|Baikunthpur]] as an INC candidate but lost the same seat in [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]].

== Death and legacy ==
Singh Deo died on 20 July 2018 around 13:30 IST at Ramkrishna Hospital in [[Raipur]] at the age of 88, following a prolonged illness. The then Chief Minister [[Raman Singh]] paid tributes, noting Singh Deo’s simplicity, integrity, and decades-long public service.<ref>{{Cite news |last=OneIndia Staff |first=Chennabasaveshwar |date=July 20, 2018 |title=Chhattisgarh's former and frst Finance Minister passes away |url=https://www.oneindia.com/raipur/chhattisgarhs-former-and-first-finance-minister-passes-away-2738684.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720055002/https://www.oneindia.com/raipur/chhattisgarhs-former-and-first-finance-minister-passes-away-2738684.html |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |work=OneIndia}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Koriya district]]
[[Category:Finance ministers of Chhattisgarh]]

Raman Arora

2026-04-11T20:50:50Z

Davidwez: stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Central]]
| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards = 
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
}}
'''Raman Arora''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
He represents the [[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency]] as MLA in Punjab Assembly.The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[16th Punjab Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates|Committee on Estimates]]<ref name="List Public Accounts">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=35&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Subordinate Legislation|Committee on Subordinate Legislation]]<ref name="Committee on Subordinate Legislation">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=46&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref>

==Corruption and extortion charges==
[[Punjab Police (India)|Punjab’s Vigilance Bureau]] (VB) arrested Raman Arora, from [[Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|Jalandhar Central]], following a raid at his residence in [[Jalandhar]]. The arrest was linked to allegations of issuing bogus municipal notices and participating in an extortion racket in collusion with municipal officials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bassi |first1=Aseem |title=AAP MLA Raman Arora, arrested in corruption case, sent to 5-day police custody |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aam-aadmi-party-mla-raman-arora-sent-police-custody-arrested-in-corruption-case-2729962-2025-05-24 |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=India Today |date=24 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Arora's aide, Assistant Town Planner (ATP) Sukhdev Vashisht, was arrested earlier and accused of issuing fake violation notices and demanding bribes. This arrest triggered suspicion and scrutiny of Arora’s involvement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fake notices found at MLA's house in Jalandhar: ATP linked to extortion, Raman Arora under vigilance scanner amid corruption probe - Punjab News |url=https://www.bhaskarenglish.in/local/punjab/news/fake-notices-found-at-mlashouse-in-jalandhar-135099319.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=Bhaskar English |date=25 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Arora was initially remanded to 5-day VB custody, later extended by 4 more days, as investigators dug deeper into the alleged corruption network. During raids, officials seized fake municipal notices, ₹6 lakh cash, 1.2 kg of gold jewelry, and significant documentation. Arora’s aide Mahesh Makhija, building inspector Harpreet Kaur, and others were also arrested.<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab: AAP MLA Raman Arora's VB custody extended by 4 days |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/punjab-aap-mla-raman-arora-s-vb-custody-extended-by-4-days-101748545299632.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=30 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref> A comprehensive 900-page chargesheet was subsequently filed in court, naming Arora and multiple associates, including Vashisht and Makhija, as accused.<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab: VB files chargesheet against AAP MLA Raman Arora, others |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/punjabvb-files-chargesheet-against-aap-mla-raman-arora-others-101752954780406.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=20 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

On 4 September 2025, the [[Punjab and Haryana High Court]] granted bail to Raman Arora in the original corruption case. However, immediately after his release, Arora was re-arrested under a new extortion FIR registered on 23 August, based on a complaint by a parking contractor named Ramesh. Arora was allegedly forcing the contractor to pay money to continue operating his business.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Express News |title=AAP Jalandhar Central MLA Raman Arora arrested again in extortion case, sent to 3-day police custody |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-jalandhar-central-mla-raman-arora-arrested-extortion-10229927/lite/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=4 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Day after bail, Jalandhar AAP MLA stays in jail, held in new extortion case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/day-after-bail-jalandhar-aap-mla-stays-in-jail-held-in-new-extortion-case-101756986028765.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |date=4 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral Performance ==
{{transcluded section|source= Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency}}
{{#section-h:Jalandhar Central Assembly constituency|2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Jalandhar Central
| before= -
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Aam Aadmi Party |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Arora, Raman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{PunjabIN-AAP-politician-stub}}

Balirajgarh

2026-04-06T09:18:12Z

Davidwez: new new biography

{{Short description|Archaeological site in Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Balirajgarh
| native_name =
| alternate_name = Pachrukhi Garh
| image =
| caption =
| map_type =
| map_alt =
| relief =
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.4594651|N|86.3230140|E|}}
| region = [[Madhubani district]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| type = Fortification
| part_of =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| height =
| builder =
| material =
| built = c. 2nd century BCE and possibly earlier
| abandoned =
| epochs =
| cultures = [[Iron Age India]]
| dependency_of =
| occupants =
| event =
| discovered = 1884
| excavations = *1962-1963
*1972-73
*1974-75
*2013-2014
*2026 (ongoing)
| archaeologists =
| condition = In ruins
| ownership =
| management =
| public_access =
| website =
| notes = Discovered by [[George Abraham Grierson]]
| architectural_details = Ruins of fortress
| designation1 = Monuments of National Importance
| designation1_offname = Raja Bali ka Garh
| designation1_type = Remains of Ancient Fort of Garh
| designation1_number = N-BR-33
| designation1_free1name =
}}
'''Balirajgarh''' is an archaeological site within [[Madhubani district]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. The site is 1 square km and houses an ancient fortification dating back to c. 200 BCE during the period of the [[Shunga Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nath Prasad |first1=Birendra |title=Archaeology of Religion in South Asia: Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Religious Centres in Bihar and Bengal, c. AD 600–1200 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781000416732 |page=658 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEkgEAAAQBAJ&q=birendra+nath+prasad}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Raymond Allchin |first1=Frank |title=The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States |date=1995 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521376952 |page=301 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&q=balirajgarh}}</ref> It is possible the site is pre-[[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] in origin<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olivelle |first1=Patrick |title=Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199775071 |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&dq=balirajgarh&pg=PA16}}</ref> and the [[Cambridge University ]] archaeologist, [[Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti]], believes Balirajgarh to be the site of [[Mithila (ancient city)|Mithila]], the capital of the [[Iron Age]] [[Videha]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Dilip |title=Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Upper Ganga (Oudh, Rohilkhand, and the Doab) |date=2007 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |isbn=9788121511858 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJAMAQAAMAAJ&q=balirajgarh+videha}}</ref> The site of the Balirajgarh fort was first identified in 1884 by [[George Abraham Grierson]], the then Madhubani sub divisional magistrate.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2026-02-27 |title=ASI approves excavation at ancient Balirajgarh fort in Madhubani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/asi-approves-excavation-at-ancient-balirajgarh-fort-in-madhubani/articleshow/128862092.cms |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Description ==
The ruins of the Balirajgarh fort is spread over 176 acres of land. It is located at the [[Balirajpur]] village of the Bhupatti panchayat in [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]] block of the Madhubani district in the Mithila region of Bihar. It is one of the 71 centrally protected sites of national importance in the state of Bihar in India under the Patna circle of ASI.<ref name=":0" /> Several scholars believe that the site of Balirajgarh fort is the remains and ruins of the Mithila’s early urban civilisation. It is officially listed as "Remains of Ancient Fort of Garh, locally known as Raja Bali Ka Garh, at Balirajgarh".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-01 |title=Search for early Mithila civilisation: ASI gives fresh nod to excavation at ancient Balirajgarh site |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/search-for-early-mithila-civilisation-asi-gives-fresh-nod-to-excavation-at-ancient-balirajgarh-site-101772367868315.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> It is also known as ''Pachrukhi Garh'' in the official record.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protected Monuments in Bihar |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=76470&reg=3&lang=2 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>

In the campus of the protected site, there are over 20 mounds. On these mounds cattle and pigs come to graze grasses. On one mound, every year an annual fair of ''Chaiety Mela'' ([[Chaitra]] [[Navaratri|Navratri]]) is organised by the villagers, where thousands of people come to visit the fair. There is a lone pond in the middle of the campus which has never ever gone dry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2026-03-12 |title=Behind the crumbling walls of Bihar’s Balirajgarh Fort, a tale of monumental neglect |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/behind-the-crumbling-walls-of-bihars-balirajgarh-fort-a-tale-of-monumental-neglect/article70736677.ece |access-date=2026-03-16 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

According to the archeologist ''Dr Phanikant Mishra'' of the ASI, remains of a temple was also found here during the previous excavations of the site.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-13 |title=Balirajgarh excavation can uncover 2,000-year-old roots: ASI expert |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/patna-news/balirajgarh-excavation-has-can-uncover-2-000-year-old-roots-asi-expert-101773406510921.html |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Excavations ==
Following excavations of the site in 1962/63, the defensive walls were described as:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Dilip |title=The Archaeology of Ancient Indian Cities |date=1995 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195634723 |page=206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HCJuAAAAMAAJ&q=balirajgarh}}</ref>

{{blockquote|''consisting of a mudbrick core with brick encasement, the outer one being four times the width of the inner. The wall was battered and measured 5.18m at the base and 3.65m at the top. Three phases of construction including repairs were recognized. The earlies phase consisted of mudbrick core with battered brick revetments, of which the outer had approximately three times the width of the inner. In the second phase, a brick-concrete ramp was built against the inner face. The third phase witnessed further reinforcement of the ramp in the shape of a 3m high platform of earth mixed with potsherds, built against the inner face of the fortifications.''|author=|title=|source=}}

In 1938, the [[Archaeological Survey of India|Archeological Survey of India]] declared the ancient site of Balirajgarh as a site of national importance under the [[Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904]]. In the excavations done here in five phases, three thousand years old material was found.<ref>{{Cite web |title=माता सीता के साथ, इन स्थानों के लिए भी फेमस है मिथिला क्षेत्र |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/travel/top-10-tourist-places-in-mithila-region-north-bihar/photoshow/71124152.cms |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> The first excavation of the site was conducted in 1962-1963 by the Archeological Survey of India. The second and third excavations was conducted by the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Bihar, in 1972-73 and 1974-75.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loksabha Question: Excavation at Balirajgarh Fort in Madhubani Bihar asked by Yadav Shri Devendra Prasad {{!}} Data is information |url=https://datais.info/loksabha/question/a38b57cdd833f58df6aa6202dbcd840d/EXCAVATION-AT-BALIRAJGARH-FORT-IN-MADHUBANI-BIHAR/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Data is Info |language=en}}</ref> In 2013-2014, Archeological Survey of India, Bihar circle again started the excavation of the site but due to the negligence of the government no proper results were there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बलिराजगढ़ की खुदाई को जिला प्रशासन गंभीर |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-district-administration-severe-to-dig-the-balirajgarh-17448907.html |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 24, 2014 |first=Pranava K. |last=Chaudhary |title=Over 400 antiquities found in Balirajgarh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/over-400-antiquities-found-in-balirajgarh/articleshow/37103387.cms |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In 2015 Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] of [[Government of Bihar|Bihar Government]] criticized ASI ([[Archeological Survey of India]]) for slow and neglected attitude towards the Balirajgarh fort excavation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ASI defers licence, digs hang in balance |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/asi-defers-licence-digs-hang-in-balance/cid/1477212 |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2026 ===
On 26 February 2026, the headquarter of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in [[New Delhi]], granted fresh approval for excavation at the ancient site of the Balirajgarh fort. The major objective of the proposed excavation is "search for early Mithila civilisation". The proposed excavation is rekindling hopes for in-depth exploration of the buried layers of Mithila’s early urban civilisation under the site of Balirajgarh fort.<ref name=":1" />

The proposed excavation formally inaugurated on 28 March 2026 in the presence of the Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Kumar Jha along with the superintendent Hari Om Sharan of ASI Patna circle, at the premises of the archeological site.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-28 |title=Excavation begins at Balirajgarh site in Madhubani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/excavation-begins-at-balirajgarh-site-in-madhubani/articleshow/129870340.cms |access-date=2026-03-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the excavation, approximately 20 trenches will be dug to study the fabric of cultural continuity patterns across five distinct phases. These cultural phases are of the Mauryan (NBPW), Sunga, Kushan, Gupta, and Pala periods.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-30 |title=Administrative hub of Iron Age kingdom? ASI dig at Bihar’s Balirajgarh seeks answers on ancient Mithila history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/administrative-hub-of-iron-age-kingdom-asi-dig-at-bihars-balirajgarh-seeks-answers-on-ancient-mithila-history-10608595/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Development proposal ==
The MLA [[Mina Kumari|Meena Kumari]] from the [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi legislative constituency]] in Bihar, raised the issue of the development of Balirajgarh fort, in the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] on the last day of the budget session in 2026. She demanded with the [[Government of Bihar]] to develop the site of Balirajgarh as a tourist destination in the region with proper facilities. The Tourism minister [[Arun Shankar Prasad]], replied that the protected status of the site prevents the state Government of Bihar for undertaking developmental work at the site.<ref name=":0" />

The [[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MP]] [[Sanjay Kumar Jha]], has taken attentive initiative to establish the site of the Balirajgarh fort as a landmark site in the study of ancient Mithila similar to [[Nalanda mahavihara|Nalanda]] and [[Vikramashila|Vikramshila]] universities.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Ramayana]]
[[Category:Capitals of Mithila]]
[[Category:Culture of Mithila]]

The Vacant House

2026-04-02T02:16:34Z

Davidwez: new new info

{{short description|Indian thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = 
| director = [[Ester Noronha]]
| writer = Ester Noronha
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer =
| starring = Ester Noronha [[Sundeep Malani]] Shreyas Chinga
| narrator =
| cinematography = Narender Goud
| editing = Vijay Raj
| music = Ester Noronha
| studio = Janet Noronha Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2023|11|10|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actress-ester-noronhas-directorial-debut-the-vacant-house-to-release-on-this-date-8646784.html | title=Actress Ester Noronha's Directorial Debut The Vacant House To Release On This Date | website=www.news18.com}}</ref>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada Konkani
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''The Vacant House''''' is a 2023 Indian [[thriller film]] directed by [[Ester Noronha]], who co-stars in the film alongside [[Sundeep Malani]] and Shreyas Chinga. The film was simultaneously shot in Kannada and Konkani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1140502|title=Mangaluru: Konkani-Kannada bilingual movie 'The Vacant House' to hit screens on Nov 17|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2023/Nov/04/ester-noronhas-the-vacant-house-gets-a-release-date-49254.html|title=Ester Noronha’s The Vacant House gets a release date|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=4 November 2023|website=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannadascreens.com/2023/09/21/the-imbalance-in-the-society-inspired-me-to-do-the-vacant-house-says-ester-noronha/|title=The imbalance in the society inspired me to do ‘The Vacant House’ says Ester Noronha|date=21 September 2023}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Ester Noronha]] as Moha
*[[Sundeep Malani]] as Mahesh
*Shreyas Chinga as Manav
*Seema Buthello as Manasa

==Reception==
Y. Maheswara Reddy of the ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Ester Noronha deserves appreciation for handling too many assignments".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/the-vacant-house-movie-review-esters-bold-move/articleshow/105320298.cms|title=The Vacant House Movie Review: Ester’s bold move|website=Bangalore Mirror}}</ref> A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Despite its flaws, ''The Vacant House'' hints at Noronha's potential as a filmmaker, leaving room for growth and improvement in her future endeavours".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2023/Nov/18/the-vacant-house-movie-reviewsincere-efforts-lost-in-a-terribly-wanting-film-49659.html|title=The Vacant House Movie Review: Sincere efforts lost in a terribly wanting film|first=A.|last=Sharadhaa|date=18 November 2023|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|28792348}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vacant House, The}}
[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Tilpi Dhosa

2026-03-30T20:52:36Z

Davidwez: new details

{{Short description|Archaeological site in West Bengal, India}}
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Tilpi Dhosa
|native_name = {{lang|bn|তিলপী-ধোসা}}
|alternate_name =
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = India West Bengal
|map_alt =
|relief = y
|map_size = 270
|coordinates = {{coord|22.2473926|N|88.5270593|E|region:BD_type:landmark_dim:10000|display=inline,title}}
|location = [[Tilpi]] and [[Dhosa, Jaynagar|Dhosa]], [[West Bengal]], India
|region =
|type = Settlement
|part_of =
|length =
|width =
|area =
|height =
|builder =
|material =
|built = 2nd century BCE
|abandoned =
|epochs =
|cultures =
|dependency_of =
|occupants =
|event =
|excavations =
|archaeologists =
|condition = Ruins
|ownership =
|management =
|public_access = Yes
|website = 
|notes =
}}
'''Tilpi-Dhosa''' is an archaeological site of [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[West Bengal]]. The archaeological site is situated on the right bank of [[Piyali River]], which spans both [[Tilpi]] and [[Dhosa, Jaynagar|Dhosa]] villages. Exploration and limited archaeological excavations in both these villages have uncovered 2,200-year-old artefacts and Gupta-era Buddhist [[stupa]].<ref name="telegraphindia1"/>

Excavations have been conducted at various times at the site. Artifacts found during the excavations prove the antiquity and archaeological importance of Tilpi-Dhosa. Major part of the artifacts are preserved in the [[State Archaeological Museum]] of [[West Bengal]]. Chinese Buddhist monk [[Faxian|Fa-Hien]] mentioned visiting a large mound in the vicinity of Tilpi-Dhosa, which roughly corresponds to the location of the [[Dhosa, Jaynagar|village of Dhosa]]; a large number of terracotta bricks have been found here, which is evidence of the presence of a large well-built structure.<ref name="telegraphindia1"/>

== Archaeology ==
Residents of Tilpi and Dhosa villages have recovered ancient terracotta bricks and idols at different times, so they are aware of the ancient settlement. However, there are no mounds in the two villages, which are mostly formed from the ruins of ancient settlements. Survey exploration and excavation by the Archeology Department of the [[Government of West Bengal]] in two villages yielded evidence of ancient settlements. Excavations were carried out between 2005 AD and 2007 AD, which extending the human settlement at both villages to 200 BC. According to archaeologists, this place was connected by waterway to [[Chandraketugarh]] through [[Piyali River|Piyali]] and [[Bidyadhari River|Bidyadhari]] rivers.<ref name="telegraphindia1"/>{{sfn|Jha|2014|pp=168–189}}

Archaeologists claim that the first cultural phase of the site spanned from the [[2nd century BC|2nd]] to the [[1st century BC|1st century]] BC.{{sfn|Chakraborty|2017|p=51}} However, most of the [[Gupta period]] artefacts have been found from the site. No urban features or presence of forts were found in the two villages, which indicating a rural and agricultural settlement at the site. According to artefacts from the village of Tilpi, the fire occurred in the 3rd century AD, and the village is no longer inhabited, but it was re-inhabited in the 16th–17th centuries. An ancient building-structure has been identified in the village of [[Dhosa, Jaynagar|Dhosa]], which archaeologists have referred to as a Buddhist [[stupa]] and identified as the Buddhist stupa mentioned in [[Fa-hien|Fa-hien's]] description.<ref name="telegraphindia1">{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Subhadip |title=Exploring the forgotten Buddhist archaeological sites of Tilpi and Dhosa |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/explore-the-forgotten-buddhist-archaeological-sites-of-tilpi-and-dhosa-near-kolkata/cid/1925376 |publisher=The Telegraph Online |access-date=7 April 2024 |date=27 March 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Jha |first1= D.N. |title=The complex heritage of early India: essays in memory of R.S. Sharma |chapter=Interpreting Historical Archaeology of Coastal Bengal: Possibilities and Limitations |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/8953304/_Interpreting_Historical_Archaeology_of_Coastal_Bengal_Possibilities_and_Limitations_in_D_N_Jha_ed_The_Complex_Heritage_of_Early_India |date=2014 |publisher=Manohar |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789350980583}}
* {{cite journal |editor1-last=Chakraborty |editor1-first=Sharmi
|title=Pratna Samiksha New Series Volume 8
|date=2017
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India
|url=https://www.academia.edu/35437885/Archaeological_Sites_of_Lower_Deltaic_Region_of_West_Bengal_and_Their_Context_Some_Preliminary_Observations
|access-date=8 April 2024
|journal=Pratna Samiksha
|volume=8 |issue= |issn= 2229 7979}}

{{Ancient-Medieval sites in Bengal}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Buddhist holy sites in West Bengal]]

Mirza Ghalib (film)

2026-03-28T01:54:56Z

Davidwez: Creating new bio initial version

{{Short description|1954 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mirza Ghalib
| image = Mirza Ghalib poster.jpg
| director = [[Sohrab Modi]]
| writer = [[Rajinder Singh Bedi]]
| screenplay = J. K. Nanda
| story = [[Saadat Hasan Manto]]
| starring = [[Bharat Bhushan]] [[Suraiya]] [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]] [[Durga Khote]] Murad Mukri [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] Kumkum Iftekhar Sadat Ali
| producer = [[Sohrab Modi]]
| distributor = Minerva Movietone
| studio = Minerva Movietone
| music = [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammed]]
| cinematography = V. Avadhoot
| editing = D. Shirdhankar P. Balachandran
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|1954|12|10|df=yes}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| language = [[Hindi]] [[Urdu]]
}}
'''''Mirza Ghalib''''' ({{Langx|hi|मिर्ज़ा ग़ालिब}}; {{Langx|ur|مرزا غالب}}) is a 1954 Indian [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]] language [[biographical film]], directed by [[Sohrab Modi]]. Based on the life of well-known poet [[Mirza Ghalib]], the film was acclaimed upon release on 10 December 1954.<ref name=Cineplot/>

It stars [[Bharat Bhushan]] as Ghalib and [[Suraiya]] as his [[tawaif]] lover, Moti Begum. The film won the President's Gold Medal for the All India Best Feature Film and the President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Hindi in the [[2nd National Film Awards]] for 1954.<ref name=TheHindu1>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-story-of-suraiya/article19318780.ece|title=The story of Suraiya - Remembering the highest paid artiste of her time, whose 88th birth anniversary has just passed|date=21 July 2017|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2026|access-date=27 March 2026|author=Pran Nevile|newspaper=The Hindu newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260327210822/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-story-of-suraiya/article19318780.ece}}</ref><ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/suraiya-the-singing-star/article2273003.ece|author=Pran Kapila|title=Suraiya, the singing star (Mirza Ghalib film)|website=The Hindu newspaper|date=13 July 2007|access-date=27 March 2026|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427115104/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/suraiya-the-singing-star/article2273003.ece}}</ref><ref name=outlook>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/ajab-daastaan/222779|title=Ajab Daastaan (Tribute to actress Suraiya and her obituary)|website=Outlook magazine|date=31 January 2004|access-date= 27 March 2026|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123172439/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ajab-daastaan-news-222779}}</ref>

The film is also considered as one of Suraiya's best performances.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Suraiya: The 50s superstar who demanded higher fee than Dilip Kumar and Dev Anand|work=Indian Express newspaper|url-status=dead|access-date=27 March 2026 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suraiya-demanded-higher-fee-than-dev-anand-dilip-kumar-praise-jawaharlal-nehru-gregory-peck-8663776/lite/|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142138/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/suraiya-demanded-higher-fee-than-dev-anand-dilip-kumar-praise-jawaharlal-nehru-gregory-peck-8663776/lite/}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film depicts an episode in the life of famous poet [[Mirza Ghalib]] during the last Mogul King, Bahadur Shah Zafar's times. The story revolves around the love and admiration of Moti Begum, (named "Chaudhvin"(moon-faced) by Mirza Ghalib), played by Suraiya, for Mirza Ghalib, played by Bharat Bhushan, and its end in the tragic death of 'Chadhvin' (Suraiya).

Ghalib is already a married man, married to "Umrao Begum" (Nigar Sultana), who is a pious woman, in love with and in awe of her poet husband. Emperor Bahadur Shah "Zafar" (Iftekhar), himself a poet of considerable stature, is hosting a "mushaira" (poetry recitation session). At the "mushaira", the poetry of "Zauq" is much applauded; Mirza Asadullah Khan "Ghalib", on the other hand, finds no takers for his "ghazals" (poems). (In another scene, when ghalib is reciting out of court, even the general populace thinks his ghazals are too profound and his Urdu too difficult.) In the more intellectual environment of the mushaira, nobody except the Mufti (Murad) and the Kotwal, Hashmat Khan (Ulhas) can find anything to appreciate in Ghalib's poetry. The Mufti expresses his appreciation to Ghalib; the Kotwal spends his time hurriedly writing down the ghazal Ghalib has just recited. Ghalib instead of reciting melodiously as others do, starts by just "reading" his ghazals dryly (maybe he finds the poets below his calibre), and even calls himself a poet ("Sukhanver") par excellence in one of his ghazals. This irks some of the poets present, at which Ghalib walks out of the court.

On his way home, he hears a woman singing one of his own ghazals. The singer is Moti Begum (Suraiya), daughter of a retired tawaif (Durga Khote). Moti is mad about Ghalib's poetry, and even about the man himself, even though she has no idea what her favourite poet looks like. Ghalib, delighted that someone likes his poetry, knocks on Moti's door and is admitted. Ghalib is awestruck not just by her enthusiasm for his ghazals but also by her beauty, and addresses her as Chaudhvin Begum (chaudhvin means "full moon"). When he realises she does not know that he is Ghalib, he teases her by deprecating Ghalib's poetry. Moti, of course, leaps to her hero's defence and literally shoos the unexpected guest from her house. Right on Ghalib's heels (in fact, bumping into the poet in the doorway) comes another visitor to Moti's house: the Kotwal. He has just returned from the mushaira at the fort, bringing with him the transcript of the Ghalib ghazal he'd heard there. He hands over the ghazal to a grateful Moti, and astonishes her by identifying her recent guest as Ghalib himself.

A few days later, Ghalib comes across yet another person singing one of his ghazals. This time, it is a poor mendicant who, when questioned, tells Ghalib that Moti Begum teaches him these ghazals so that he can sing them to earn a few paisas. Ghalib, ego well fuelled, goes off to Moti Begum's house once again, and is welcomed with much ecstatic gushing by the woman, who has now taken to calling herself Chaudhvin Begum. She is shy and demure; he is soulful. But Chaudhvin Begum is just one aspect of Ghalib's somewhat troubled life. He may be a great poet, but that greatness is no enough to keep the wolves from the door. One somewhat benevolent wolf is the moneylender Mathuradas (Mukri) to whom Ghalib owes a large sum of money. Mathuradas comes by every now and then, asking for the debt to be cleared; but Ghalib always manages to fob him off.

...and there is Ghalib's wife (Nigar Sultana), an extremely religious woman who is tormented by the fact that none of her children have survived beyond infancy. Her relationship with her husband is one of easy camaraderie; she is his staunch supporter, a wife who never cribs that they're forever in debt and who, even when she suspects that her husband is in love with another woman, does not protest or demand his love for herself. (Instead, she tells him to marry a second time). This is an intriguing woman; she can be surprisingly progressive at times, irritatingly dull at others, and even, occasionally, appealing and wise.

Right now, however, the one facing hard times is Chaudhvin Begum. The Kotwal, Hashmat Khan, has been lusting after her and has persuaded Chaudhvin's penurious mother to give her daughter in marriage to him. He has even paid a bride price of Rs 2,000 — and Chaudhvin's mother, despite all of Chaudhvin's protests, insists that the wedding will take place. In desperation, Chaudhvin writes a letter to Ghalib and sends it to him through her doorkeeper-cum-general dogsbody, a man with a taste for liquor. The man sets out for Ghalib's house on a Tuesday, wanders into a wine shop, and emerges on Thursday, leaving Ghalib very little time to devise any very effective plan to rescue Chaudhvin from this unwanted marriage. He decides to hand over Rs 2,000 to Chaudhvin's mother; but since he does not possess that much, he sets out to 'earn' it — by gambling. He is successful, and hurries off to hand over the sum to the money-grubbing old woman.

Old woman has, in the meantime, become a changed person, all because a desperate Chaudhvin has tried to commit suicide. Suddenly overcome by a fit of maternal affection, Chaudhvin's mother heaps recriminations on the head of the just-arrived Kotwal: he will not be married to Chaudhvin, not for all the gold in the world. Much arguing ensues, but the mother stands firm and the Kotwal is left fuming and vowing vengeance — mainly on Ghalib.

There is much to come, of course: the Kotwal's attempts to have his revenge on Ghalib; Ghalib's own growing love for Chaudhvin Begum, and his wife's increasing frustration — on the one hand, jealous of Chaudhvin Begum; on the other, wishing for her husband's happiness. And all of it played out against the background of a Delhi that's changing, even the de jure power of its puppet emperor now ceded to the British Resident.

==Cast==
* [[Bharat Bhushan]] as [[Mirza Ghalib]]<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>
* [[Suraiya]] as Moti Begum / Chaudhvin<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>
* [[Durga Khote]] as Moti Begum's Mother<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>
* [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]] as Kotwal Hashmat Khan<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>
* [[Nigar Sultana (actress)|Nigar Sultana]] as Umrao Begum (Ghalib's Wife)<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>
* Jagdish Sethi as Umrao Begum's father
* [[Indira Billi|Indira]]
* [[Murad (actor)|Murad]] as Mufti Sadruddin
* [[Mukri]] as Lala Mathuradas<ref name=Cineplot/>
* [[Iftekhar]] as [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]]<ref name=citwf/>
* [[Kumkum (actress)|Kumkum]] as courtesan<ref name=citwf/><ref name=Cineplot/>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Ghulam Mohammed (composer)|Ghulam Mohammed]].<ref name=citwf/> The songs and ghazals were rendered by [[Suraiya]], [[Mohammed Rafi]] and [[Talat Mahmood]], film songs lyrics are by the 19th century poet [[Ghalib|Mirza Ghalib]] (1797 - 1869).<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|url=http://citwf.com/film225584.htm|title=Mirza Ghalib (1954 film)|website=Complete Index To World Film (CITWF) website|archive-date=5 August 2016|access-date=27 March 2026|author=Alan Goble|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805034446/http://citwf.com/film225584.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Cineplot>{{cite web|url=http://cineplot.com/mirza-ghalib-1954/|url-status=dead|title=Mirza Ghalib (1954 film) - film review|website=Cineplot.com website|archive-date=2 June 2017|date=16 October 2010|access-date=27 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602171328/http://cineplot.com/mirza-ghalib-1954/}}</ref><ref name=HindiGeetMala>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/mirza_ghalib.htm|title=Mirza Ghalib (1954 film) - Film Songs List|website=Hindi Geetmala website|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2025|access-date=27 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017174542/https://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/mirza_ghalib.htm}}</ref>

* ''Dil - E - Nadan Tujhe Hua Kya Hai, Aakhir Iss Marz Ki Dawa Kya Hai'', Sung by [[Suraiya]] and [[Talat Mahmood]]<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>
* ''Phir Mujhe Deeda-E-Tar Yaad Aaya'', Sung by Talat Mahmood
* ''Aah Ko Chahiye Ek Umar Asar Hone Tak'', Sung by Suraiya<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>
* ''Hai Bas Ke Har Ek Unke Ishaare Mein Nishaan Aur'', Sung by [[Mohammed Rafi]]<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>
* ''Nukta Cheen Hai Gham-e-Dil Usko Sunaaye Na Baney'', Sung by Suraiya<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>
* ''Ishq Mujhko Nahin Wahshat Hi Sahi'', Sung by Talat Mahmood<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>
* ''Rahiye Ab Aisi Jagah Chal Kar, Jahan Koi Na Ho'', Sung by Suraiya
* ''Yeh Na Thi Hamari Qismat Kay Visaal-e-Yaar Hota'', Sung by Suraiya<ref name=HindiGeetMala/>

==Reception==

===Critical reception===
While reviewing the film, Samira Sood of ''[[The Print]]'' called Suraiya the "soul" of the film and stated: "This movie belongs to Suraiya, whose voice communicates not only love, longing, hope and heartbreak, but the centuries-old magic of Ghalib." She added, "The beauty of the film, is that it actually doesn’t focus so much on Ghalib’s life yet manages to bring his words alive. And the reason for that is Suraiya. Ghalib’s verses with Suraiya’s golden voice and Ghulam Mohammad’s lilting tunes that are still hummed today."<ref>[https://theprint.in/feature/mirza-ghalib-the-movie-was-the-perfect-marriage-of-the-poets-words-with-suraiyas-voice/444978/?amp Mirza Ghalib: The movie was the perfect marriage of the poet’s words with Suraiya’s voice]. ''The Print'' Retrieved 26 September 2021.</ref>

===Box office===
''Mirza Ghalib'' (1954 film) was the fourth highest grossing film, among the Top Earners at the Box Office in India in 1954.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922021954/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=160&catName=MTk1NA== |title=Mirza Ghalib (1954 film) among the Top Ten Earners at the Box Office in 1954|website=BOX OFFICE INDIA website|archive-date=22 September 2012|access-date= 25 September 2023}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[National Film Awards]]<ref name=TOI>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2005/108|title=National Awards 1954 Winners (CLICK on red arrow next to 2005 to open up YEARS LIST & then click 1954)|newspaper=Times of India newspaper|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 May 2021|access-date=27 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511142357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2005/108}}</ref>
** [[2nd National Film Awards|1954]]: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]]
** 1954: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]]
* [[Filmfare Awards]]
** [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction#Awards|Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction]] (B&W): Rusi K. Banker

==Legacy==
Suraiya's acting and singing (of Mirza Ghalib's ghazals) was widely praised it is regarded among her best performances.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suraiya - The Superstar|work=The Guardian|access-date=27 March 2026|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/mar/03/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries|archive-date=19 February 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219142138/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/2004/mar/03/guardianobituaries.artsobituaries}}</ref> In 1954, Suraiya was specially applauded by the Prime Minister, [[Jawahar Lal Nehru]], who remarked to her: "You have brought back Ghalib to life", in a special screening of the film at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]].<ref name=TheHindu1/>|quote=Mirza Ghalib was made memorable by some melodious numbers. Her work moved Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru so much that he complimented the singing star by saying, "Tumne to Mirza Ghalib ki rooh ko zinda kar diya". Suraiya later stated that she thought his praise was "more worthy than an Oscar". In 1998, Suraiya was honoured for perpetuating Ghalib's memory by her acting and songs by the then Prime Minister of India, [[Atal Behari Vajpayee]] during the Mirza Ghalib bi-centenary celebrations in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=TheHindu1/><ref name=TheHindu/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0137958|title=Mirza Ghalib}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestFeatureFilm}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}

{{Sohrab Modi}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:1950s biographical drama films]]
[[Category:1950s historical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical drama films]]
[[Category:Best Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Ghalib]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sohrab Modi]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1954 drama films]]
[[Category:Saadat Hasan Manto]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:National Film Award (India) winners]]
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]
[[Category:Biographical films about poets]]
[[Category:1950s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language historical films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical drama films]]

Haripad Assembly constituency

2026-03-27T15:21:05Z

Davidwez: improved article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Haripad
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency|Alappuzha]]
| state = Kerala
| constituency_no = 107
| map_image =
| map_caption = National Waterway at Thrikkunnapuzha in Haripad Assembly constituency
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,88,651 (2016)
| mla = [[Ramesh Chennithala]]
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| alliance = {{legend2|#0087BD |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| district = [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
}}
'''Haripad State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://alappuzha.nic.in/legislative-assembly-constituencies
|website = alappuzha.nic.in
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Alappuzha district, Kerala
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[Ramesh Chennithala]] of [[Indian National Congress|INC]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Haripad Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Alappuzha District
|access-date = 24 September 2019
|archive-date = 13 March 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110313040130/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/alappuzha.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Haripad]]
|Municipality
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|2
|[[Aratupuzha|Arattupuzha]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|3
|[[Cheppad]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|4
|[[Cheruthana]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|5
|[[Chingoli]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|6
|[[Karthikappally]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|7
|[[Karuvatta]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|8
|Kumarapuram
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|9
|[[Muthukulam]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|10
|[[Pallippad]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|-
|11
|[[Thrikkunnapuzha]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Karthikappally#Villages of Karthikappally Taluk|Karthikappally]]
|}

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Haripad Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/haripad-assembly-constituency-map.html
|website = www.mapsofindia.com
|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Haripad
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Niyama Sabha
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
!Tenure
|-
| [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| 1st
| Ramakrishna Pillai V.
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
| 1957 – 1960
|-
| [[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960]]
| 2nd
| K. S. Krishna Pillai
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| 1960 – 1965
|-
| [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| 3rd
| rowspan="2" |[[C. B. C. Warrier]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| 1967 – 1970
|-
| [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
| 4th
| 1970 – 1977
|-
| [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| 5th
| G. P. Mangalathu Madhom
| {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
| 1977 – 1980
|-
| [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| 6th
| C. B. C. Warrier
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| 1980 – 1982
|-
| [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| 7th
| rowspan="2" |[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
| 1982 – 1987
|-
| [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| 8th
| 1987 – 1991
|-
| [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| 9th
| K. K. Sreenivasan
| 1991 – 1996
|-
| [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 10th
| [[A. V. Thamarakshan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}
| 1996 – 2001
|-
| [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| 11th
| T. K. Devakumar
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
| 2001 – 2006
|-
| [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| 12th
| Adv. B. Babuprasad
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=4|Indian National Congress}}
| 2006 – 2011
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 13th
| rowspan="3" |[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
| 2011 – 2016
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 14th
| 2016 – 2021
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 15th
| 2021 – 2026
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Haripad}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=T. T. Jismon|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ramesh Chennithala]]|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=BJP|candidate=Sandeep Vachaspathi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Vidhya V.P|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Soumya V. Sasidharan|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Ramesh C|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,96,024 registered voters in Haripad Assembly constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2021, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2021|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Haripad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ramesh Chennithala]]|votes=72,768|percentage=48.31%|change={{decrease}}2.74}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Adv. R. Sajilal|votes=59,102|percentage=39.24%|change={{increase}}0.7}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. Soman|votes=17,890|percentage=11.88%|change={{increase}}3.16}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=536|percentage=0.36%|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=A. Muhammed|votes=204|percentage=0.14%|change={{decrease}}0.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Adv Niyaz Bharati|votes=123|percentage=0.08%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 13,666
|percentage = 9.07%
|change ={{decrease}}3.44
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,96,024|percentage=74.20%|change={{decrease}}4.69}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing ={{decrease}}2.74
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
There were 1,88,651 registered voters in Haripad Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016
|website = eci.gov.in
|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India
}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Haripad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ramesh Chennithala]]|votes=75,980|percentage=51.05%|change={{increase}}1.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[P. Prasad]]|votes=57,359|percentage=38.54%|change={{decrease}}7.39}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=D. Aswanidev|votes=12,985|percentage=8.72%|change={{increase}}6.38}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Varkala Raj|votes=623|percentage=0.42%|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Ashabul Haq|votes=512|percentage=0.34%|change={{increase}}0.10}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=C. Balakrishnan|votes=417|percentage=0.28%|change={{increase}}0.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=321|percentage=0.22%|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Sidharthan Karuvatta|votes=149|percentage=0.10%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=A. Muhammed|votes=147|percentage=0.10%|change={{increase}}0.13}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Samudayathil Ravi R. Unnithan|votes=93|percentage=0.06%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Pradeep Karipuzha|votes=87|percentage=0.06%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Satheesh Kumar B.|votes=75|percentage=0.05%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=D. Prasool Prakash|votes=46|percentage=0.03%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Prasad Unnikkanthara|votes=38|percentage=0.03%|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 18,621
|percentage = 12.51%
|change ={{increase}}8.41
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,48,832|percentage=78.89%|change={{increase}}0.51}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing ={{increase}}1.02
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,71,834 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Haripad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Ramesh Chennithala]]|votes=67,378|percentage=50.03%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=G. Krishnaprasad|votes=61,858|percentage=45.93%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ajith Sankar|votes=3,145|percentage=2.34%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Rameshan|votes=499|percentage=0.37%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Somalal Babu|votes=425|percentage=0.32%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Krishnaprasad|votes=339|percentage=0.25%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Venu|votes=327|percentage=0.24%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=K. J. Sheela|votes=305|percentage=0.23%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Biju J.|votes=233|percentage=0.17%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=N. Divakaran|votes=171|percentage=0.13%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 5,520
|percentage = 4.10%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,34,680|percentage=78.38%|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2006 ===
There were 1,44,188 registered voters in the constituency for the 2006 election.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Haripad]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Adv. B. Babu Prasad|votes=53,787|percentage=48.86%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=T. K. Devakumar|votes=51,901|percentage=47.15%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=N. Chithragandhan|votes=2,684|percentage=2.43%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Rammohan|votes=484|percentage=0.44%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=P. A. Shanavas|votes=474|percentage=0.43%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=Sudhakaran Asari (Balakrishnan)|votes=241|percentage=0.22%|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=K. J. Sheela|votes=425|percentage=0.39%|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,886
|percentage = 1.71%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,10,075|percentage=76.34%|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =yes
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
There were 1,58,829 registered voters in the constituency for the 2001 election.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Haripad}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = CPI(M)
|candidate = T. K. Devakumar
|votes = 59,439
|percentage = 50.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
|candidate = Prof. A. V. Thamarakshan
|votes = 55,252
|percentage = 46.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = E. N. Santhiraj
|votes = 2,378
|percentage = 2.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Imam Boosari
|votes = 960
|percentage = 0.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = C. S. Jayakumar
|votes = 580
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 4,187
|percentage = 3.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,18,641
|percentage = 74.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = CPI(M)
|loser = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Haripad]]
* [[Alappuzha district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

National Alliance of People's Movements

2026-03-26T18:01:28Z

Davidwez: formatting fix

{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}
'''National Alliance of People's Movements''' is an alliance of [[Alter-globalization|alter-globalisation]] activist groups in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Swati Mathur |date=2012-06-22 |title=National Alliance of People's Movements, Asha Parivar welcome government ban on TB serological tests |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/National-Alliance-of-Peoples-Movements-Asha-Parivar-welcome-government-ban-on-TB-serological-tests-/articleshow/14340987.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103102117/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-22/lucknow/32368248_1_ban-blood-tests-tb-care-national-tb-control-programme |archive-date=2013-01-03 |access-date=2013-07-28 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/peoples-movement-to-be-in-action-mode-soon/article3644805.ece |title=People's movement to be in action mode soon |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2012-07-16 |accessdate=2013-07-28}}</ref> It is an umbrella organisation for various civil society organisations and individuals working towards similar goals.

It has led protests on various issues opposing globalization, nuclear energy, and protests supporting electoral reforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbanktribunal.org/national-alliance-of-peoples-movement.html |title=Independent People's Tribunal on The World Bank in India |publisher=[[World Bank Tribunal]]|date= |accessdate=2013-07-28}}</ref>

== History ==
With unequal Economic liberalisation [[economic liberalisation in India]] and communal violence like the [[Demolition of Babri Masjid|Babri Masjid demolition]], groups opposed to inequality, underdevelopment and sectarian nationalism united to form the National Alliance of People's Movement. One of the founding members was [[Medha Patkar]], of [[Narmada Bachao Andolan]], who later also founded [[Ghar Jalao Ghar Dubao Andolan|Ghar Bachao Ghar Banao Aandolan]] in 2004–5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghar Bachao Ghar Banao Andolan (GBGBA) |title=About Us |url=https://www.gbgbandolan.org/about-us/}}</ref>

== Ideology ==
NAPM provides a forum for the coming together of numerous strands of ideologies. NAPM draws from the ideas of Gandhi, Ambedkar, Marx, Lohia, Phule, Periyar and others for its own programs..<ref>{{cite web|url=https://napmindia.org/ideology/|accessdate=2020-12-08|title=Ideology | Napm}}</ref>

== People involved in the movement ==
Leaders involved with the movement include:
# [[Medha Patkar]]
#Aruna Roy
#Sandeep Pandey
#Prafulla Samantra
#Sunilam
#Arundhati Dhuru
#Sunit S.R.
#Kamayani Swami
#Vimal Bhai
#[[Gabriele Dietrich]]
#Madhuresh Kumar
# [[Lingaraj Azad]]
# [[Baba Amte]]
#Ashish Ranjan
#Meera Sanghmitra
#Anand Mazgaongkar
#Mahendra Yadav
#Basant Hetamsariya
#Faisal Khan
#Kailash Meena
#Rajkumar Sinha
#Kusumam Joseph
#Sister Celia
#Krishna Kant
#Sanjay M.G.
#Rajendra Ravi <ref>[https://napm-india.org National Alliance of People's Movements]</ref>

== Member Organisations ==
{{expand section|date=September 2024}}
=== Andhra Pradesh ===
# [[Andhra Pradesh Vyavsaya Vruthidarula Union|Andhra Pradesh Vyavasaya Vruthidarula Union (APVVU)]]
# Anu Vidyat Kendram Vyatireka Porata Udyamam Pradesh
# Chattri
# Human Rights Forum (<nowiki>http://humanrightsforum.org/</nowiki>)
# Jana Vigyan Vedika (<nowiki>http://jvv-ap.blogspot.in/</nowiki>)
# Kakrapalli Thermal Vyatireka Porata Committee
# Paryavarana Parirakshana Vedika
# Polavaram Project Vyathireka Dalita Bahujana porata Committee
# Sanjeevani Paryavarana Parirakshana Seva Sangham, Srikakulam
# Sompeta Paryavarana Parirakshana Samiti

=== Arunachal Pradesh ===
# Forum for Siang Development

=== Assam ===
# Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti

=== Bihar ===
# Asangathit Kshetra Kaamgar Sangathan
# Asha Parivar
# Ashray Abhiyan
# Ati Pichda Warg Samanvay Samiti
# Badh Mukhti Abhiyan
# Badh Per Nagrik Pahar
# Bandi Adhikar Aandolan
# [[Bhagat Singh]] Kranti Vichar Manch, Patna
# Bihar Jan Sakti Manch
# Brajkishore Navnirman Sanstha
# Building Mazdoor Union
# Bunkar Sangh
# Chapra Mahila Baal Sudhaar Samiti
# Ganga Diara Mukti Andolan
# [[Jan Jagran Shakti Sangathan| Jan Jagran Shakti Sangathan (JJSS)]]
# Jhuggi Jhopari Shahari Gareeb Sangharsh Samiti
# Jhugi Jhopari Sanyukt Sangharash Morcha
# Khet Bachao Jeevan Bachao Jan Sangarsh Samitee
# Kisan Sangharsh Morcha
# Kosi Nav Nirmaan Manch
# Kosi Vikas Sangharsh Samiti
# Lok Parishad
# Loktantra Senani Parishad, Siwan
# Mahila Adhikar Morcha
# Manas Kunj Foundation
# Manav Sanrakshan Samiti, Siwan
# Manav Joro Manch
# Mushar Vikas Manch
# Navjivan Samajik Kendra
# Nidan, Bihar
# Pasmanda Muslim Samaj manch
# Patna Jila Jhuggi Jhopdi Nivasi sangh
# Prayas Gramin Vikas Samiti (PGVS)
# Sahaj, Buxar
# Samajwadi Jan Parishad
# Sampoorna Kranti Sahayogi Manch
# Slum Vikas Samiti
# Soochna Adhikar Abhiyan
# Times of India, Workers Union
# Upjao Bhumi Sangharsh Samiti
# Vanchit Janmorcha
# Vrihad Sahjan Sewa Samiti

=== Chhattisgarh ===
# Ardhik Nyay Manch
# Nadi Ghati Morcha
# Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha
# Chhattisgarh Mahila Manch
# Chhattisgarh Jan Chetna, Raigarh
# Raigarh Sangharsh Morcha
# Nayi Rajdhani Prabhavit Kisan Sangharsh Samiti
# Rashtriya Rajmarg Prabhavit Kisan – Nagrik Sangharsh Samiti

=== Delhi ===
# All India Kachhra Shramik Maha Sangh
# Bhumi Bachao Aandolan, Kanjhawala
# Delhi Forum
# Jan Sangharsh Vahini
# Maharishi Valmiki Atma Jagran Samiti
# National Cyclist Union
# National Domestic Workers Union
# People's Lawyer's Forum
# Shahri Mahila Kamgar Union

=== Gujarat ===
# Bhavnagar Jilah Gram Bachao Samiti
# Gujarat Sarvoday Mandal, Ahmedabad
# Jyoti Karmachari Mandal, Vadodara
# Kinara bachao Sangharsh Samiti, Umargaon
# Manviya Technology Forum, Ahmedabad
# Narmada Bachao Andolan
# Paar Poorna Aadivasi Sangathan, Dharampur
# Paryavaran Suraksha Samiti
# Rajpipila Social Service Society, Gujarat

=== Haryana ===
# Beti Bachao Andolan
# Parmanu Virodhi Morcha
# Berpjgar Yuva Sangathan
# Dastak
# Shaheed Bhagat Singh Disha Manch
# Haryana Kisan Manch

=== Jharkhand ===
# Aadivasi Moolwaasi Astitava Raksha Munch
# Ghatwar Adivasi Mahasabha Jharkhand
# Jharkhand Alternative Forum
# Ulgulan Manch, Jharkhand

=== Karnataka ===
# Chiguru
# Domestic Workers Union
# Garment Mahila Karmikara Munnade
# Garments & Textile Workers Union
# Indian Social Institute – Bangalore
# Karnataka Domestic Workers Union
# Kranti Kattada Karmikara Sangha
# Navachetana
# Nisarga
# Praja Rajakiya Vedike
# Preethi Mahilodaya
# Sama Samaja Vedike
# Sanchaya Neelya
# SIGNA
# Slum Abhivorddi Samiti
# Slum Jana Andolana
# Thamate

=== Kerala ===
# Adivasi Sangarsh Sangham, Palakkad
# Chalakudy River Protection Forum
# Coca-Cola Virudha Samara Samiti, Plachimada
# Endosulfan Virudh Samara Samiti
# [[Kerala Swantra Malsya Thozhilaley Federation]] (KSMTF)
# Laloor Malinya Virudh Samiti
# Madya Shala Karma Virudha Samiti, Shathipuram
# National Highway Protection Forum, Kerala
# NGIL Virudh Samara Samiti, Kathikulam
# Salsbeel Green School, Thrissur
# State H.R. Protection Centre
#Radical Students Forum (RSF)

=== Madhya Pradesh ===
# Bargi Bandh Visthapit Sangh
# Jhuggi Basti Sangharsh Morcha
# Kisan Sangharsh Samiti, Madhya Pradesh
# Narmada Bachao Andolan
# Swasthya Adhikar Manch
# Yuva Kranti Dal, Sivani

=== Maharashtra ===
# Apanalaya
# Bhartiya Swatantra Shetmazdoor Sanghathan
# Central and Western Catering Association
# Central Railway Caterer's Association
# Ekvira jamin Bachao Andolan
# Ghar Bachao Ghar Banao Andolan
# Goshikhurd Prakalpgrasth Sangharsh Samiti
# Loha Prakalp Virodhi Sangharsh Samiti, Korchi, Gadchiroli
# Nimna Painganga Dharan Virodhi Sangharsha Samiti, Yeotmal
# [[Maharashtra]] Railway Boot Polish Kaamgaar Mahasangh
# Maharashtra Sarvodya Mandal
# Man Gaon Bachao Andolan
# Mose Khore Bachao Andolan, Pune
# Nagari Hakka Suraksha Samiti, Pimpri – Chinchwad
# Narmada Bachao Andolan
# Narmada Navnirman Abhiyan
# Sahkar Bachav Samiti
# Sapli Sangharsh Samiti
# Sarvahara Jan Andolan, Raigarh
# Shahr Vikas Manch, Mumbai
# Shahri Mahila Kamgar Sangathan Delhi
# Shoshit Jan Andolan
# Shramik Mukti Sangathana
# South Central Caterer's Association
# Tata Dharangrast Sangharsh Samiti
# Wang Marathwadi Dharangrasth Sangharsh Samiti, Satara
# Yusuf Mehrally Centre
# United India Consumer's Association, Mira-Bhayander

=== Orissa ===
# Darlipali Anchalika Jibika Sangram Samiti
# Deomali Surakshya Sangram Samiti, Koraput
# Gandha Mardhan Surakhya Parishad
# Jala Surakshya Janamancha, Cuttack
# Kalahandi Mahila Mahasangh
# Kalahandi Sachetan Nagarik Mancha
# Khandadhar Banchao Andolan
# Lokshakti Abhiyan
# Lower Suktel Budianchal Sangram Parisad
# Mahaguja Koila Khani Bisthapan Birodhi Manch
# NarajTata Thermal Power Plant Pratirodh Andolan
# Niyamgiri Surakhya Samiti
# Pira Jaharion Bhitamati Surakhya Manch
# Rairakhol Bhimabhoi Krushak Sangharsa Samiti
# Rajya Krushak Sangathan
# Sahara Power Plant Birodhi Manch
# Sasubohu Mali Surakhya Samiti
# Sterlite Bisthapan Birodhi Manch
# Subarnarekha Bisthapita Mukti Bahini
# Upakula Bhitamati Surakhya Committee
# Vedanta Viswa Vidyalaya Birodhi Sangharsa Samiti
# Yusuf Meherally Yuva Biradari

=== Punjab ===
# Bharat Vikas Parishad, Ludhiana
# Bhartiya Jan Vigyan Jatha
# Senior Citizens Pensioners Association, Ludhiana
# Shaheed Bhagat Singh Youth Federation, Ropar
# Small Scale Industrialists and Traders Association

=== Rajasthan ===
# Bhumi Adhigrahan Virdohi Sangarsh Samiti, Jhunjhunu
# [[Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan]]
# Navalgarh Kisan Sangarsh Samiti
# PUCL, Rajasthan
# Rajasthan Jan Adhikar Manch, Jaipur
# Rajasthan Samagr Seva Sangh
# Dalit Adhikar Kendra, Jaipur
# Jal Jangal Jameen Andolan, Dakhin Rajasthan

=== Tamil Nadu ===
# Nirman Mazdoor Panchayat Samagam
# Pennurium Iyakkum
# TGMMNS, THERVOY
# Unorganized Sector workers Federation
# Tamil Nadu Organic Agriculture Movement, Madurai

=== Uttarakhand ===
# Matu Jan Sangathan

=== Uttar Pradesh ===
# Acharya Mahabeer Prasad Dewedi Rashtriya Smarak Samiti
# Asha Parivar
# Ayodhya Ki Awaz
# Bhartiya Kisan Majdur Sanyukat Morcha
# Kaimur Kshetra Mahila Mazdoor Sangharsh Samiti
# Kisan Manch
# Kisan Sangharsh Samiti
# Loksamiti, Varanasi
# Rajkeeya Ashram Padhyati Samvida Sikshak Sangh U.P.
# Rashtriya Smarak Samiti, Bareli
# Sangatin Kisan Mazdoor Sangathan, Sitapur

=== West Bengal ===
# Aadivasi Jami Raksha Committee, North Bengal
# Hawkers Sangram Samiti
# Hindi Urdu Mahila Samity
# Jan Sanskruti Centre – Theatre of the oppressed
# Nandigram Struggle Committee
# Pannu Paribahan Sangram Committee
# Paschim Bengal Khet Mazdoor Samiti
# Sara Bangla Truck Parichalak Sangathan Samanvay Samiti
# Transferred Area Surjapur Organisation – North Bengal

=== Pan India Organisations ===
# Akhil Bhartiya Khan Pan Licensee Association
# All India Bank Deposit Collector Federation (UCO Bank Coordination Committee)
# Indian Railways Caterer Association
# Khudai Khidmatgaar
# National Campaign for Unorganised Workers
# National Fishworkers’ Forum (NFF)
# National Hawkers Federation
# National Urban Struggle and Action Committee
# Rashtra Seva Dal
# Yuva Bharat

=== Fraternal Organisations at National Level ===
# All India Forum for Right to Education
# Azadi Bachao Andolan
# Bharat Jan Andolan
# Bhartiya Kisan Union
# Campaign for Survival and Dignity
# Ekta Parishad
# Hind Mazdoor Sabha
# India Against Corruption
# Jan Sansad
# Jan Swasthya Abhiyan
# Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha
# Lok Rajniti Manch
# Mines, Minerals and People
# National Campaign Committee for Rural Workers
# National Campaign for Right to Information
# National Forum of Forest People and Forest Workers
# National Trade Union Initiative
# National Unorganised Sector Workers Federation
# Pakistan – India People's Forum for Peace and Democracy
# Pension Parishad
# People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL)
# Rashtra Seva Dal
# Right to Food Campaign
# Samajwadi Jan Parishad
# Sangharsh
# Sarv Seva Sangh
# Save Sharmila Solidarity Campaign
# United India Consumer's Association
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://napmindia.org/allied-organisations/|title=Allied Organisations {{!}} NAPM|website=napm-india.org|access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{url|http://napm-india.org/}}

[[Category:Political organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Progressive International]]

Kaveri River water dispute

2026-03-25T16:47:34Z

Davidwez:

{{Short description|Water conflict in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Kaveri_basin_Map.pdf|thumb|[[Kaveri]] river basin]]

The sharing of waters of the [[Kaveri]] river has been the source of conflict between the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Karnataka]]. The {{cvt|802|km}}–long Kaveri river originates at [[Talakaveri]] in the [[Western Ghats]] in Karnataka, and flows for about {{cvt|320|km}} before entering Tamil Nadu. It flows further eastward in Tamil Nadu for {{cvt|416|km}} before flowing into the [[Bay of Bengal]] near [[Puhar, Mayiladuthurai|Poompuhar]] in Tamil Nadu. The basin area consists of 44,000 km2 in Tamil Nadu and 32,000 km2 in Karnataka.

The conflict stems from the agreements made in 1892 and 1924 between the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and the [[Madras Presidency]] during the [[British Raj]]. After the Indian Independence in 1947, the states were re-organised, with the erstwhile Madras Presidency being split between various states, majorly Tamil Nadu and [[Andhra State|Andhra]], and parts of the Kaveri basin became part of [[Kerala]] and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. After the expiry of the 1924 agreement in 1974, Karnataka demanded its due share of water from the river stating that the pre-Independence agreements are invalid and favored the Madras Presidency due to its expanse at the time, and demanded a renegotiated settlement. However, Tamil Nadu argued that it has about 3 million acres of land under cultivation, which is heavily dependent on the river water, and any change in the existing water sharing pattern would adversely affect the livelihood of millions of farmers in the state.

Two decades of negotiations between the parties yielded no result. In 1990, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed the [[Government of India]] to constitute the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal. The tribunal gave an interim award in June 1991 that was based on its 10-year calculation of average inflow of water into Tamil Nadu, and though deemed unfair by Karnataka, it adhered to it as the Supreme Court upheld the same. The tribunal gave its final allocation on 5 February 2007, which was only announced by the Indian government on 20 February 2013. The final award made an annual allocation of 419 [[tmcft]] to Tamil Nadu, 270 tmcft to Karnataka, 30 tmcft to Kerala, and 7 tmcft to Puducherry. Karnataka was also specified to release a certain amount of water as designated every month.

In 2013, the Supreme Court issued a direction to the union government to establish an supervisory committee to implement the order. Following further litigation, on 16 February 2018, the Supreme Court pronounced its verdict, allocating 404.25 tmcft to Tamil Nadu and 284.75 tmcft to Karnataka, while the allocations for the others remained the same. As per the orders, the Cauvery Water Management Authority was created by the union government on 1 June 2018, and the Cauvery Water Regulation Committee was created three weeks later. The dispute, however, did not end there, and further review petitions and request for clarifications have been filed with the committee and the courts. Over the years, the dispute has also resulted in widespread protests, demonstrations, and riots in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

== Kaveri river==
[[File:Tamil Nadu topo deutsch mit Gebirgen.png|thumb|The [[Kaveri]] originates in [[Karnataka]] and later flows through [[Tamil Nadu]]]]

The [[Kaveri]] river system is one of the major river systems in [[South India]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/IND/IND-CP_eng.pdf|title=India – Rivers Catchment|work=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411065015/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/IND/IND-CP_eng.pdf|archive-date=11 April 2014|date=2011|access-date=1 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/rivers.php|title=Rivers of India|work=[[Know India]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> It arises at [[Talakaveri]] in the [[Brahmagiri (Karnataka)|Brahmagiri Hills]] of the [[Western Ghats]] in [[Karnataka]]. Once it leaves the [[Kodagu]] hills, it flows eastwards onto the [[Deccan Plateau]] and widens to {{cvt|900-1200|ft}} before flowing south-east. At [[Shivanasamudra]], the river drops {{cvt|91|m}} and forms the [[Shivanasamudra Falls]], after which it passes through the [[Mekedatu]] gorge.<ref name="Springer">{{cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Sharad K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&dq=kaveri+river+course&pg=PA702 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |last2=Agarwal |first2=Pushpendra K. |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay P. |publisher=[[Springer Science]] |year=2007 |pages=702–711|isbn=978-1-402-05180-7 }}</ref><ref name="Singh">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Dhruv Sen|title=The Indian rivers : scientific and socio-economic aspects|publisher=[[Springer Science]]|year=2018|location=Singapore|pages=354–356}}</ref> After flowing for {{cvt|320|km}} in Karnataka, the river flows for about {{cvt|64|km}} along the Karnataka-[[Tamil Nadu]] border.<ref name="Data">{{cite report|url=http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/IHD2015_final.pdf|title=Integrated Hydrological Data Book|publisher=[[Central Water Commission]]|page=92|access-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402104009/http://www.cwc.nic.in/main/downloads/IHD2015_final.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The river enters Tamil Nadu and forms the [[Hogenakkal Falls]].<ref name="Springer"/> After the falls, the river flows southwards towards [[Mettur Dam]] and joins its main right bank tributary [[Bhavani River|Bhavani]] at [[Kooduthurai]].<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Singh"/> The river flows eastwards and widens further before splitting into two branches near [[Tiruchirappalli]].<ref name="Data"/> After flowing for {{cvt|16|km}}, the two branches converge around the [[Srirangam]] island.<ref name="Data"/><ref name="Singh"/> The river further branches off into 36 different channels before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]] near [[Poombuhar|Poompuhar]] in [[Mayiladuthurai district]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramkumar |first1=Mu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Yq9BgAAQBAJ&dq=kaveri+delta&pg=PA286 |title=Environmental Management of River Basin Ecosystems |last2=Kumaraswamy |first2=K. |last3=Mohanraj |first3=R. |publisher=[[Springer Science]] |year=2015 |pages=286 |isbn=978-3-319-13425-3 }}</ref> The river traverses for about {{cvt|416|km}} in Tamil Nadu for a total length of about {{cvt|800|km}}.<ref name="Data"/> The basin area of the river is spread over 44,000 km2 in Tamil Nadu and 32,000 km2 in Karnataka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/Plate-96114017519.jpg|title=Map of Kaveri basin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124221525/http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/Plate-96114017519.jpg|archive-date=24 November 2017|work=Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Cauvery|title=Kavery River basin|work=WRIS|year=2014|access-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915104258/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Cauvery|archive-date=15 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/BasinReports/Cauvery%20Basin.pdf |title=Basin Report – Cauvery |publisher=WRIS |year=2014 |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005090053/http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/Publications/BasinReports/Cauvery%20Basin.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==British era==
The early precursor for the dispute arose during the [[British Raj]] in 1807 when the [[Madras Presidency]] wrote to the [[princely state]] of [[Mysore kingdom|Mysore]] regarding the usage of the Kaveri water by Mysore, which it considered as detrimental to Madras.<ref name="Rao">{{cite book |last=Rao |first=Dodda Srinivasa |title=Inter-state Water Disputes in India: Constitutional and Statutory Provisions and Settlement Machinery |year=1998 |isbn=978-8-176-29159-0 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |pages=164-169}}</ref> In 1881, the [[princely state]] of [[Mysore kingdom|Mysore]] planned irrigation projects using water from the Kaveri river, but was met with resistance from the [[Madras Presidency]]. A conference held in 1890 between the two parties resulted in an agreement signed in 1892 which aimed to meet the needs of both states.<ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Dispute">{{cite report |last=Nagenhali |first=Shivaraju |title=Major river water disputes of Karnataka special reference to Kavery river water dispute: A brief study |url=https://ijrcs.org/wp-content/uploads/IJRCS202110007.pdf |access-date=1 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Sood, Jyotika|date=31 October 2012|url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/the-paddy-compulsion-39317|title=The paddy compulsion|work=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]}}</ref>

In 1910, [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wodeyar]], the ruler of Mysore, drafted a plan to construct a dam at [[Kannambadi]] with a capacity to hold up to 41.5 [[tmcft]] of water. However, Madras opposed the plan as it had its own plans of building a dam at [[Mettur]] which could hold up to 80 tmcft of water.<ref name="Dispute" /> While the [[British Raj]] gave permission to Mysore to build a dam that could store 11 tmcft, the dam was designed to hold the 41.5 tmcft as per the original plan. This led to further dispute amongst the two parties and the British government sent the matter to arbitration under the 1892 Agreement. The award was declared on 12 May 1914, which allowed Mysore to construct the dam with a permitted capacity of 11 tmcft.<ref name="Dispute" /> The decision was appealed by the Madras Presidency which eventually led to a new agreement in 1924. As per the agreement, Mysore was allowed to construct the [[Krishna Raja Sagara]] dam and Madras was let to build the [[Mettur Dam]].<ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Saga">{{cite web |last=Goudar |first=Mahesh M. |date=25 August 2023 |title=Unraveling the century-old Cauvery river dispute: A saga of water sharing and legal battles |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/karnataka/unraveling-the-century-old-cauvery-river-dispute-a-saga-of-water-sharing-and-legal-battles/ |access-date=7 September 2024 |work=The South First }}</ref> It was agreed to give 75% of the surplus water of the Kaveri to Madras, with Mysore getting 23%, and the remaining to [[Travancore-Cochin]].<ref>{{cite web |date=16 February 2018 |title=From 1924 to 2018: The twists and turns in the Cauvery water dispute case |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/from-1924-to-2018-the-twists-and-turns-in-the-cauvery-water-dispute-case/story-d5PuU5mSuUZot2NNlI7ZEJ.html |work=[[The Hindustan Times]] |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

==Post-Independence ==
=== 1950s ===
After Indian independence in 1947, and the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|reorganisation of the Indian states]] based on linguistic lines in 1956, the regions of the ertswhile territories of Mysore and Madras largely became part of [[Mysore State]] (which was renamed as Karnataka later) and [[Madras State]] (which was renamed as Tamil Nadu later) respectively.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf |date=15 October 1955|title=Reorganisation of states|work=Economic Weekly|access-date=31 December 2015|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218051214/http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1955_7/42/reorganisation_of_statesthe_approach_and_arrangements.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Parts of the Kaveri basin which earlier formed part of Madras Presidency went to [[Kerala]], and the [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The reorganisation also resulted in some of the river's tributaries to be in Kerala. As a result, both Kerala and Puducherry became invested in the sharing of the waters of the Kaveri river.<ref name="Saga" /> In the late 1950s, Madras planned to implement three new projects based on the river, which was objected to by Mysore on the grounds that they were not permitted as per the 1924 agreement.<ref name="Rao" />

=== 1970s ===
Dispute arose when Mysore took on new projects on the river, which was opposed by Madras. As the 1924 agreement came closer to its end date, differences arose between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu regarding the interpretation of the same. Karnataka believed that the agreement had to expire as did not address water issues pertaining to the time as the state boundaries had changed. Tamil Nadu believed that the agreement was meant to be reviewed after 50 years, and it should not be let to expire because it served as a foundation for developmental projects for both states and if altered, it would harm both the states. Tamil Nadu wanted a tribunal established under the [[Interstate River Water Disputes Act]] of 1956 to address the conflict, which was turned down by the [[Government of India|union government]]. A subsequent report on the union-state relations was created by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]], which recommended that the [[Supreme Court of India]] should handle the interstate water disputes and ensure that its decisions are implemented.<ref name="Ranjan">{{cite book |last=Ranjan |first=Amit |title=Federalism and Inter-State River Water Disputes in India |date=2023 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|isbn=978-1-00088-728-0 |pages=92–95 }}</ref><ref name="Ram">{{cite book |title=Water: Perspectives, Issues, Concerns |first=Ramaswamy |last=Iyer |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-761-99759-7 |publisher=SAGE Publications |pages=41-49 }}</ref>

In 1971, petitions were submitted to the Supreme Court requesting that the union government should send the dispute to a tribunal under the Interstate River Water Disputes Act of 1956.<ref name="Ranjan" /> In May 1972, Kerala, Mysore, and Tamil Nadu agreed to discussions on the matter, and let the union government establish a Cauvery fact finding committee, the results of which were deliberated during further discussions. In August 1976, the three parties agreed to a share of 489 tmcft to Tamil Nadu, 177 tmcft to Karnataka, and 5 tmcft to Kerala. Of the surplus water, Karnataka was entitled to 53%, Tamil Nadu to 30%, and the remaining was awarded to Kerala.<ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Outlook">{{cite web |date=6 February 2007 |title=The Cauvery Water Dispute |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/the-cauvery-water-dispute-news-233817 |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[Outlook India|Outlook]] }}</ref> It was also agreed to form a Cauvery Valley Authority which would be headed by a [[Central Water Commission]] member, but this committee was never established due to political reasons.<ref name="Ranjan" /> In 1977, Tamil Nadu rejected the draft agreement stating that the 1924 agreement be allowed for an extension but not a review and that the 1892 and 1924 agreements should be reinstated.<ref name="Outlook" />

===1980s===
Despite having 26 meetings mediated by the union government between 1968 and 1990 to resolve the Kaveri water dispute, an agreement could not be reached. After the lapse of the previous agreement, a crisis management system was established for 15 years, with Tamil Nadu requesting more water annually to support agriculture.<ref name="Ranjan" /> In 1983, the Society for the Protection of the Irrigation and Agricultural Rights of the Tamil Nadu Farmers of the Cauvery filed a petition with the Supreme Court requesting the union government to establish a Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT).<ref name="Saga" /><ref name="Rao" /> During the initial hearing of the petition, the Supreme Court encouraged the states to negotiate a water sharing deal, but they were unable to agree to a solution.<ref name="Ranjan" /> The case remained pending with the Supreme Court for nearly seven years, and in 1989, the Tamil Nadu government passed a resolution that the dispute be referred to a tribunal if no agreement can be reached.<ref name="Rao" />

=== 1990s ===
On 4 May 1990, the Supreme Court instructed the union government to set up the CWDT.<ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Outlook" /> The three-man tribunal was constituted on 2 June 1990 and was headed by [[Chittatosh Mookerjee]].<ref name="Saga" /> The tribunal was later formed and heard arguments from all four parties–three states and Puducherry.<ref name="Ranjan" /> Tamil Nadu and Karnataka requested for 566 and 465 tmcft respectively, with Kerala asking for a share of 99.8 tmcft, and Puducherry requested 9.3 tmcft.<ref name="Saga" /><ref name="Outlook" /> The tribunal gave an interim award on 25 June 1991 that was based on its 10-year calculation of average inflow of water from Karnataka into Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Ram" /> It instructed Karnataka to provide 205 tmcft to Tamil Nadu annually and specified the weekly and monthly stipulations for the same. It also stipulated that the crop area irrigated by the Kaveri waters should not exceed 1.12 million hectares in Karnataka.<ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Outlook" /> Karnataka deemed the order as inimical to its interests and issued an ordinance seeking to annul the tribunal's award. The Supreme Court stepped in to strike down the ordinance and upheld the tribunal's award which was subsequently gazetted by the union government on 11 December 1991.<ref name="Rao" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Cauvery water dispute |work=Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India |url=https://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/cauvery-water-dispute/#:~:text=The%20Cauvery%20Water%20Disputes%20Tribunal%20(CWDT)%20passed%20an%20interim%20order,or%20as%20a%20weekly%20assessment, |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> As Karnataka was forced to accept the interim award, widespread [[1991 anti-Tamil violence in Karnataka|demonstrations and violence]] broke out in parts of Karnataka, which resulted in targeting of [[Tamil people|Tamil]] families, with many forced to flee from [[Bangalore]] in fear of being attacked and lynched by pro-Kannada activists with the behest of the state government. The violence continued in the Tamil populated parts of Bangalore for nearly a month before it was brought in control.<ref name="Outlook" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Hazarika |first=Sanjoy |date=5 January 1992 |title=Tamils Are Target of Riots in Southern India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/05/world/tamils-are-target-of-riots-in-southern-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]] }}</ref>

In 1995, after a poor [[monsoon]], Karnataka was not able to fulfill the obligations of the interim order of CWDT, and had a cumulative deficit of 26.6 tmcft in May and June. Tamil Nadu approached the Supreme Court demanding the immediate release of at least 30 tmcft of water, and the Supreme Court asked the state to approach the tribunal. The tribunal recommended that Karnataka release 11 tmcft of water by December and 17.4 tmcft by May next year. Tamil Nadu now went back to the Supreme Court demanding that Karnataka be forced to obey the tribunal's order, and the court recommended that the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] intervene to find a solution. The prime minister convened a meeting with the chief ministers of the two states on 30 December, after which it was agreed that Karnataka would release 6 tmcft instead of the 11 tmcft that the tribunal ordered, and the state complied with it.<ref name="Rao" /><ref name="Ram" />

In 1997, the union government proposed to set up the Cauvery River Authority (CRA), with powers to take control of the reservoirs in the states. This was opposed by Karnataka, as it argued that the authority had too much powers, which intruded into the state's jurisdiction. Hence, in 1998, the CRA was established with limited powers to adjudicate the river water dispute with the prime minister as the chairperson and the chief ministers of the four states and union territories as members. A Cauvery Monitoring Committee was constituted, headed by the union secretary of water resources and consisting of engineers, and other officers, which was to provide periodical report to the CRA.<ref name="Ram" /><ref name="Outlook" /> After the formation of the CRA, the Tamil Nadu government withdrew its case regarding the implementation of the tribunal award before the Supreme Court.<ref name="Ram" />

=== 2000s ===
In the summer of 2002, due to low rainfall, reservoirs levels fell in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. This led to the flare up of the issue again, and the CRA could not find an effective solution. Tamil Nadu blamed Karnataka for the failure of crops in the state, while Karnataka retorted that it did not have enough water in the Kaveri river to irrigate the lands in the state.<ref name="Ram" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jun/25criver.htm |title=Delayed monsoon rekindles Cauvery row |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=25 June 2002}}</ref> The order passed during a similar crisis in 1995-96, had not addressed how future conflicts would be handled.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iyer |first=Ramaswamy R. |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190170.htm |title=The Cauvery tangle – what's the way out? |journal=Frontline |date=September 2002 |volume=19 |issue=19 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021124150122/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190170.htm |archive-date=24 November 2002}}</ref> With Tamil Nadu demanding that Karnataka honour the interim award and release to Tamil Nadu its proportionate share, and Karnataka on the other hand refusing to do so given that the water levels were hardly enough to meet its own demands, the case went to the CRA, and later the Supreme Court.<ref name="Ram" />

After the CRA meeting on 27 August was inconclusive, the Supreme Court ordered Karnataka to release 1.25 tmcft of water every day unless the CRA revised it. The issue led to protests, agitations, and riots in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The CRA revised the order and asked Karnataka to release 0.8 tmcft daily, after a meeting on 8 September, which was boycotted by Tamil Nadu. As the [[Government of Karnataka|Karnataka government]] defied the order, and did not release the water as stipulated, the Tamil Nadu government filed a petition with the Supreme Court. After the Supreme Court condemned the Karnataka government for defying the orders of the court and the CRA, Karnataka was ordered to comply with the award. It was also critical of Tamil Nadu's decision to approach the court, and the lack of confidence in the CRA.<ref name="Ram" />

The term of the CWDT was initially set to expire in August 2005, and was extended by one year, following the amendment to the Inter-state water disputes Act. The tribunal concluded the final hearing and arguments in April 2006, and was given another extension in August 2006 as it had not reached a verdict.<ref name="Darpan">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=RegDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT6 |title=Pratiyogita Darpan |date=April 2007 |page=6 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref> The CWDT announced its final verdict on 5 February 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-05/news/28453533_1_cauvery-water-disputes-tribunal-tamil-nadu-justice-n-p-singh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411035123/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-02-05/news/28453533_1_cauvery-water-disputes-tribunal-tamil-nadu-justice-n-p-singh |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2015 |title=Tamil Nadu wins the Cauvery water battle |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=5 February 2007}}</ref> According to its verdict, Tamil Nadu was awarded 419 tmcft of the Kaveri river waters while Karnataka got 270 tmcft, with Kerala and Puducherry getting 30 tmcft and 7 tmcft respectively. It also laid down the terms for monthly release of water from Karnataka to Tamil Nadu.<ref name="CWDT">{{cite web|year=2007|title=Cauvery water disputes tribunal award|url=http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/acts-tribunals/current-inter-state-river-water-disputes-tribunals/cauvery-water-disputes|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818123025/http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/acts-tribunals/current-inter-state-river-water-disputes-tribunals/cauvery-water-disputes|archive-date=18 August 2021|access-date=|work=Ministry of Jal Shakti Department of water resources}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=378 |title=Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal report |access-date=15 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625160853/http://wrmin.nic.in/forms/list.aspx?lid=378 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tribunal directed that the upper riparian states should not engage in any activities detrimental to the other parties. It also laid down that, in case of a reduction in water levels, the allocation of the states shall be reduced proportionately.<ref name="Darpan" /> However, unhappy with the award, both Tamil Nadu and Karnataka filed a revised petition, and challenged the same before the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cauvery-tribunal-award-challenged-in-sc-1090684 |title=Cauvery Tribunal award challenged in SC |date=13 April 2007 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=1 June 2010}}</ref>

===2010s===
====2012====
On 19 September 2012, the CRA ordered Karnataka to release 9,000 [[cusec]]s of water per day to Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cauvery row: Jaya turns the screws, to sue Karnataka for contempt |url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1292631.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406160554/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article1292631.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 April 2015 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=22 March 2019 |date=10 October 2012 }}</ref> However, Karnataka felt that this was impractical due to the drought conditions prevailing because of the failed monsoon, and filed a [[review petition]] before the authority on 21 September, seeking review of its 19 September ruling. On 28 September 2012, the Supreme Court criticized the Karnataka government for failing to comply with the directive of the CRA.<ref>{{cite news |last=Venkatesan |first=J. |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-comes-down-on-karnataka/article3945744.ece |title=Supreme Court comes down on Karnataka |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> Karnataka complied with the order, which led to wide protests and violence in parts of Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_cauvery-row-protests-start-flowing-in-bangalore-thick-and-fast_1747296|title=Cauvery row: Protests start flowing in Bengaluru thick and fast |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=1 October 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> On 4 October 2012, the Karnataka government filed a review petition before the Supreme Court seeking a stay on its 28 September order directing it to release 9,000 cusecs of water everyday to Tamil Nadu, until 15 October.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article1286066.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513134220/http://newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article1286066.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2013 |title=Karnataka to SC: Alter Cauvery order |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=5 October 2012 |access-date=1 June 2014 }}</ref> On 6 October, several pro-Kannada organisations, called for a [[bandh]] in protest against the Cauvery water release.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhattacharya |first=Santwana |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/kannada-organisations-call-for-bandh-on-october-6/article3925785.ece |title=Kannada organisations call for bandh on October 6 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=22 September 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref>

On 8 October, the Supreme Court ordered that the release of 9,000 cusecs had to be continued and asked the CRA to ensure the same. However, after the CRA rejected the review plea from Karnataka, the Karnataka government stopped the release of Kaveri water to Tamil Nadu on the same day.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1291196.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201172831/http://newindianexpress.com/nation/article1291196.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 December 2012 |title=Cauvery row: PM tosses out plea, Karnataka stops water release |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=9 October 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> On 17 October, Tamil Nadu made a fresh plea in the Supreme Court, reiterating its demand for appropriate directions to be issued to Karnataka to release the shortfall of 48 tmcft of water as per the distress sharing formula stipulated by the CWDT.<ref>{{cite news |last=Venkatesan |first=J. |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/fresh-plea-in-sc-seeks-48-tmcft-cauvery-water/article4006747.ece |title=Fresh plea in SC seeks 48 tmcft Cauvery water |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=18 October 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> On 15 November 2012, the CRA directed the Karnataka government to release 4.81 tmcft of water to Tamil Nadu between 16 and 30 November.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mariappan |first=Julie |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-16/chennai/35156239_1_mettur-reservoir-union-water-resources-secretary-cauvery-basin-states |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126032843/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-16/chennai/35156239_1_mettur-reservoir-union-water-resources-secretary-cauvery-basin-states |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Panel asks Karnataka to release 4.81 TMC to Tamil Nadu |date=16 November 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> On 6 December, the Supreme Court further directed Karnataka to release 10,000 cusecs of water to Tamil Nadu. It further questioned the union government as to why the final decision of CWDT, which was given in February 2007, was yet to be officially gazetted.<ref>{{cite news |last=Venkatesan |first=J. |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/release-10000-cusecs-till-sunday-karnataka-told/article4169009.ece |title=Release 10,000 cusecs till Sunday, Karnataka told |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=6 December 2012 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref>

==== 2013 ====
On 20 February 2013, the union government notified the final award of CWDT.<ref name="CWDT" /> The award divided the annual allocation of 740 tmcft for water among four parties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parsai |first=Gargi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre-notifies-cauvery-tribunal-final-award/article4434853.ece |title=Centre notifies Cauvery Tribunal final award |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 February 2013 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-notifies-cauvery-tribunal-award/articleshow/18590390.cms |title=Centre notifies Cauvery Tribunal award |work=The Economic Times |date=20 February 2013 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Vaidyanathan |first=A. |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/centre-notifies-cauvery-tribunal-award-karnataka-braces-for-protests-333174 |title=Centre notifies Cauvery Tribunal award; Karnataka braces for protests |work=[[NDTV]] |date=20 February 2013 |access-date=1 June 2015 }}</ref> In case of water availability of 50% or below from a normal water year when the total water availability in the basin was 740 tmcft, the allocation would be reduced proportionately.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thewire.in/65243/who-should-karnataka-blame-in-the-cauvery-dispute-history-has-some-answers/ |title= Who Should Karnataka Blame in the Cauvery Dispute? History Has Some Answers |access-date=15 September 2016 |work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] }}</ref> The allocation would be calculated along with unused water in the reservoirs at the beginning of the year in the basin. While Karnataka was to release stipulated amount of water monthly to meet the allocation of 419 tmcft of water to Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu was stipulated to release at least 10 tmcft of water for maintaining minimum [[environmental flows]] downstream of [[Kallanai|Lower Coleroon Anicut]] and supply 7 tmcft to Puducherry in a normal water year. Kerala was allowed to use 21 tmcft from [[Kabini River]] basin, 6 tmcft from [[Bhavani River]] basin and 3 tmcft from [[Pambar River (Kerala)|Pambar River]] basin in a normal year. The award also let Karnataka and Tamil Nadu use all the excess water available in its area after the stipulated allocation during a normal year. Any water going waste to sea in excess of 4 tmcft (other than 10 tmcft minimum environmental flows) forms part of the utilisable water share of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/FINALDECISIONOFCAUVERYWATERTRIBUNAL4612814121.pdf |title=Final Order of Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal |year=2007 |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007223412/http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/FINALDECISIONOFCAUVERYWATERTRIBUNAL4612814121.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Based on the river basin water data available from the year 1934 to 1971, the tribunal had estimated the average water yield in the total river basin as 767 tmcft with 47% dependability. The water used in the Kaveri delta in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry was nearly 280 tmcft annually which is the tail end water use in the river basin and its regenerated water either goes to sea or outside the basin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/VolIII6418020900.pdf |title=Pages 77, 79 & 100 of Volume III of CWDT |year=2007 |access-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007223227/http://wrmin.nic.in/writereaddata/Inter-StateWaterDisputes/VolIII6418020900.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In response to the petition filed by Tamil Nadu earlier, the Supreme Court on 10 May 2013 issued an interim direction to the union government to establish an interim supervisory committee to implement the tribunal order till the constitution of the Cauvery Management Board (CMB) as stated in the tribunal order. The union government issued the gazette notification on 22 May 2013 establishing the supervisory committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2013/E_1170_2013_008.pdf |title= Interim Cauvery water Supervisory committee |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=5 July 2016}}</ref> As per the Interstate River Water Disputes Act, the committee has powers similar to an authority/board established by the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cwc.gov.in/main/downloads/1956.pdf|title=Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956 – As modified up to 6th August 2002|publisher=Government of India|access-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326133949/http://www.cwc.gov.in/main/downloads/1956.pdf|archive-date=26 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/cauvery-issue-why-supreme-court-must-refuse-to-hear-the-case-and-how-it-will-help-3007530.html |title= Cauvery issue: Why Supreme Court must refuse to hear the case and how it will help|date= 16 September 2016 |access-date=17 September 2016}}</ref>

====2016====
Karnataka later proposed a dam project at [[Mekedaatu]], which led to Tamil Nadu raising objections to it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mekedatu-floodgates-of-dispute/article7049335.ec |title= Mekedatu: Floodgates of dispute |work= [[The Hindu]] |access-date=15 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/what-is-the-mekedatu-project-115041800544_1.html |title= What is the Mekedatu project?|date= 19 April 2015 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=15 September 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, Tamil Nadu approached the Supreme Court, seeking direction to Karnataka to release 50.052 tmcft of water, which was pending as per the order of the CWBT. Karnataka had declined to release water and cited low reservoir levels.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/karnataka-assembly-adopts-resolution-to-use-cauvery-water-only-for-drinking-needs-3046614// |title=Cauvery water only for drinking needs |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref> On 2 September, the Supreme Court asked Karnataka to consider Tamil Nadu's plea on humanitarian grounds and release water and advised both states to maintain harmony. On 5 September, Karnataka informed the Supreme Court that it can release 10,000 cusecs of water per day, while Tamil Nadu demanded 20,000 cusecs per day. The Supreme Court ordered Karnataka to release 15,000 cusecs per day to Tamil Nadu for the next ten days.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka-erupts-over-supreme-court-order-on-cauvery/article9101050.ece |title=Karnataka erupts over SC order on Cauvery |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref> However, violence erupted in Karnataka following a bandh called by pro-Kannada organisations, which resulted in wide spread arson, and rioting. The violence resulted in two deaths, and curfew was imposed in parts of Bengaluru.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/cauvery-water-dispute-second-death-in-karnataka-over-300-held-3029964/ |title=Cauvery Water Dispute: Second death in Karnataka, over 300 held |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/one-more-death-in-bengaluru-over-cauvery-row-3029153/ |title=One more death in Bengaluru over Cauvery row |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/cauvery-row-bengaluru-burns-over-water-dispute-vehicles-torched-schools-shut/ |title=Cauvery row: One dead in police firing, several vehicles torched in Bengaluru; Centre appeals for calm |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref>

On 12 September 2016, Karnataka cited the violence as a reason for its inability to release water before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court modified the 5 September order, directing Karnataka to release 12,000 cusecs of water till 20 September 2016, and ordered the formation of a Cauvery Supervisory Committee within the next five days. On 19 September 2016, the committee ordered Karnataka to release 3,000 cusecs per day from 21 September 2016 to 30 September 2016. On 20 September 2016, the Supreme Court directed Karnataka to further release 6,000 cusecs of water from 21 September 2016 to 27 September 2016 and directed the union government to set up the Cauvery Management Board in order to provide a permanent solution for the dispute.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31806&dt=20160921|title=Storm Clouds over Cauvery |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 April 2023 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927174402/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31806&dt=20160921 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/SC-asks-Ktaka-to-give-6000-cusecs-wants-Cauvery-board-set-up-in-4-weeks/2016/09/21/article3625965.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922131253/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/SC-asks-Ktaka-to-give-6000-cusecs-wants-Cauvery-board-set-up-in-4-weeks/2016/09/21/article3625965.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 September 2016 |title=SC asks K'taka to give 6,000 cusecs, wants Cauvery board set up in 4 weeks|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> However, in a special session of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] held on 23 September, a resolution was passed not to release water to Tamil Nadu, defying the Supreme Court's order.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/cauvery-crisis-legislative-council-passes-resolution-to-use-water-only-for-drinking/article9140265.ece |title=No water to spare, resolves Karnataka |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=2 October 2016 }}</ref> On 27 September, the Supreme Court passed a revised order to Karnataka to give 6000 cusecs of water to Tamil Nadu for three days, <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/supreme-court-to-karnataka-release-cauvery-water-for-two-more-days-343481-2016-09-27 |title=Supreme Court to Karnataka: Release Cauvery water for 3 more days |work=[[India Today]] |date=27 September 2016 |access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> which was not honoured by Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/karnataka-defies-supreme-court-does-not-release-cauvery-water-10-facts-1467645 |title=Karnataka Defies Supreme Court, Does Not Release Cauvery Water |work=[[NDTV]] |date=28 September 2016 |access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref>

On 30 September, the Supreme Court gave Karnataka an ultimatum and ordered 6,000 cusecs of water to be released during the next six days. It asked the union government to set up the Cauvery Water Management Board (CWMB) by 4 October and report back on 6 October with assessment of water levels.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-row-supreme-court-tells-karnataka-to-release-water-centre-to-form-cauvery-board/article9168361.ece |title=Supreme Court gives last chance to Karnataka to release Cauvery water |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=30 September 2016 |access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 October 2016, Karnataka filed for review petition against the order.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/bangalore/cauvery-setback-karnataka-files-review-petition-over-supreme-court-order#sthash.Mz8RXfYG.dpuf |title=Cauvery setback: Karnataka files review petition over SC order|work=News Karnataka |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/karnataka-news/karnataka-says-not-defying-cauvery-orders-misses-supreme-court-deadline-1469019 |title=Karnataka Says Not Defying Cauvery Orders, Misses Supreme Court Deadline |work=[[NDTV]] |date=1 October 2016 |access-date=2 October 2016 }}</ref> After a special legislature session on 3 October, the Karnataka government decided to release water for agricultural purposes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cauvery-row-Karnataka-contemplates-releasing-water/articleshow/54657667.cms |title=Cauvery row: Karnataka contemplates releasing water |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 October 2016 |access-date=3 October 2016 }}</ref> On 4 October, the Supreme Court directed Karnataka to further release 2,000 cusecs of water daily to Tamil Nadu from 7 to 18 October.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newskarnataka.com/bangalore/release-2000-cusecs-daily-to-tn-oct-7-18-sc-tells-karnataka |title=Release 2,000 cusecs daily to TN from Oct 7–18, SC tells Karnataka |work=News Karnataka |date=4 October 2016 |access-date=4 October 2016 }}</ref>

====2018====
{{see|2018 Cauvery water dispute}}

As instructed by the Supreme Court, the Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) was created by the union government on 1 June 2018.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Centre forms Cauvery Water Management Authority |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/64420363.cms |access-date=22 March 2019 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The nine-member Cauvery Water Regulation Committee was created three weeks later.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 June 2018 |title=Centre forms 9-member Cauvery Water Regulation Committee, despite K'taka's opposition |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/centre-forms-9-member-cauvery-water-regulation-committee-despite-k-taka-s-opposition-83567 |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=[[The News Minute]] }}</ref> The Supreme Court on 9 January 2018 declared that it would pronounce its verdict clearing all the pending cases related to river water dispute within a month.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-verdict-in-four-weeks-supreme-court/article22405369.ece |title=Cauvery verdict within a month: Supreme Court |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=9 January 2018 |access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> On 16 February 2018, the Hon'ble Supreme Court pronounced its verdict, and allocated 404.25 tmcft to Tamil Nadu and 284.75 tmcft to Karnataka, while the allocations for the others remained the same. It also mandated the union government to formally constitute the Cauvery River Management Board (CRMB) within 40 days for implementing the CWDT award and its verdict.<ref name="Verdict">{{cite web|url=http://sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2007/11993/11993_2007_Judgement_16-Feb-2018.pdf|title=Supreme Court verdict dated 16 February 2018|access-date=17 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417132747/http://sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2007/11993/11993_2007_Judgement_16-Feb-2018.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/cauvery-water-dispute-verdict-live-updates-supreme-court-likely-to-pronounce-order-at-10-30-am-4353279.html |title=Cauvery water dispute verdict highlights: Karnataka to get 14.75 TMC additional water; Tamil Nadu to get 177 TMC |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=16 February 2018 |access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> Headquartered in Delhi, the CWMA became the sole body to adjudicate the river water dispute, and to oversee the allocation. The authority was assisted in the discharge of its functions by regulatory committee consisting of senior judges of the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ministry of Jal Shakti|first=Department of water resources|title=CWMA Gazette notification|url=http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/sites/default/files/CWMA_GazatteNotification.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818121716/http://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/sites/default/files/CWMA_GazatteNotification.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>

=== 2020s ===
{{see|2023 Cauvery water dispute}}

In August 2023, Tamil Nadu requested Karnataka to release 24,000 cusecs of water per day, citing the need to irrigate crops. However, Karnataka refused, citing water shortage.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thapliyal |first=Samridhi |date=28 September 2023 |title=Explained: What is the Cauvery water dispute, why is Karnataka not giving water to Tamil Nadu? |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/how-to/explained-what-is-the-cauvery-water-dispute-why-is-karnataka-not-giving-water-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/103954029.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-10-01 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115323/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/how-to/explained-what-is-the-cauvery-water-dispute-why-is-karnataka-not-giving-water-to-tamil-nadu/articleshow/103954029.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rajagopal |first=Krishnadas |date=24 August 2023 |title=Cauvery water dispute {{!}} Tamil Nadu's request for more water has no legal basis: Karnataka |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-dispute-tamil-nadu-fails-to-understand-2023-is-not-a-normal-water-year-karnataka-tells-supreme-court/article67231412.ece |access-date=2023-10-01 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920153145/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-dispute-tamil-nadu-fails-to-understand-2023-is-not-a-normal-water-year-karnataka-tells-supreme-court/article67231412.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Protests erupted in Karnataka, with agitators demanding that Karnataka stop releasing more water,<ref>{{cite news |title=Protests erupt in Karnataka over release of Cauvery river water to Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2023/aug/31/protests-erupt-in-karnataka-over-release-of-cauvery-river-water-to-tamil-nadu-2610402.html |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921121348/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2023/aug/31/protests-erupt-in-karnataka-over-release-of-cauvery-river-water-to-tamil-nadu-2610402.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while farmers in Tamil Nadu protested against Karnataka, demanding the release of water.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2023 |title=Cauvery water dispute: Farmers in Tamil Nadu's Trichy protest by holding rats in their mouths |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/cauvery-water-dispute-farmers-in-tamil-nadus-trichy-protest-by-holding-rats-in-their-mouth-399761-2023-09-26 |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115323/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/in-focus/story/cauvery-water-dispute-farmers-in-tamil-nadus-trichy-protest-by-holding-rats-in-their-mouth-399761-2023-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2023 |title=Why are Indian states fighting over the Cauvery river? |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/why-are-indian-states-fighting-over-cauvery-river-2023-09-29/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002065826/https://www.reuters.com/world/india/why-are-indian-states-fighting-over-cauvery-river-2023-09-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 2023, the CWMA directed Karnataka to release 5,000 cusecs of water per day for 15 days. Karnataka complied, but refused to release any further water after the period.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 September 2023 |title=Cauvery water dispute: SC refuses to interfere with panel's decision; Karnataka Opp calls it state govt's failure |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cauvery-water-dispute-sc-refuses-to-interfere-with-orders-directing-karnataka-release-water-to-tn-8949698/ |access-date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929214653/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cauvery-water-dispute-sc-refuses-to-interfere-with-orders-directing-karnataka-release-water-to-tn-8949698/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tamil Nadu filed a contempt petition against Karnataka in the Supreme Court, alleging that the state had violated the court's orders. The Supreme Court the state to approach the CWMA and asked the CWMA to submit a report on the situation.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 September 2023 |title=Cauvery water {{!}} Supreme Court refuses to intervene either in favour of Karnataka or Tamil Nadu |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-water-dispute-sc-refuses-to-intervene/article67329385.ece |access-date=1 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929185837/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/cauvery-water-dispute-sc-refuses-to-intervene/article67329385.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Later, the Karnataka government appealed against the CWMA decision to provide 3,000 cusecs of water per day,<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Bharath |title=K'taka Cabinet decides to comply with court order to release water to Tamil Nadu |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/cabinet-decides-to-comply-with-court-order-to-release-water-to-tamil-nadu-dks-firm-on-commitment-to-protect-farmers-2697776 |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115409/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/cabinet-decides-to-comply-with-court-order-to-release-water-to-tamil-nadu-dks-firm-on-commitment-to-protect-farmers-2697776 |url-status=live }}</ref> and said that it is open to discuss with Tamil Nadu to arrive at a mutually agreeable solution.The government has also said that it is willing to negotiate with Tamil Nadu to find a mutually agreeable solution.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 September 2023 |title=Karnataka government "very casual in its approach": BJP's Tejasvi Surya on Cauvery water dispute |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-government-very-casual-in-its-approach-bjps-tejasvi-surya-on-cauvery-water-dispute/articleshow/104045288.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 June 2024 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001115323/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/karnataka-government-very-casual-in-its-approach-bjps-tejasvi-surya-on-cauvery-water-dispute/articleshow/104045288.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Summary ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Particulars
! [[Tamil Nadu]]
! [[Karnataka]]
! [[Kerala]]
! [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
! Total
|-
| Basin Area up to [[Lower Anaicut|Lower Coleroon Anicut]] site (in km2)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b3-6.htm |title=A Background Paper on Article 262 and Inter-State Disputes Relating to Water |publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice |access-date=13 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409234827/http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b3-6.htm |archive-date=9 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> || 44,016 ''(54%)'' || 34,273 ''(42%)''|| 2,866 ''(4%)'' || {{n/a}} || 81,155
|-
| Drought area in the basin (in km2)<ref name="Data1">{{cite book |publisher=[[University of Bradford]] |author=Anand, P. B. |year=2004 |title=Water and Identity – An Analysis of the Cauvery River Water Dispute |isbn=978-1-898-82868-6}}</ref> || 12,790 ''(36.9%)''|| 21,870 ''(63.1%)'' || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || 34,660
|-
|-
| Inflow from basin (in [[tmcft]])<ref name="Data1" /> || 252 ''(32%)''|| 425 ''(54%)'' || 113 ''(14%)'' || {{n/a}} || 790
|-
| Share as per CWDT order (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/feb/05cau.htm |title=Cauvery tribunal gives TN 419 tmcft, 270 to Karnataka |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=5 February 2007 |access-date=1 June 2020 }}</ref> || 419 ''(58.2%)'' || 270 ''(37.2%)'' || 30 ''(4.1%)'' || 7 ''(1.0%)'' || 726
|-
| Share as per [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] verdict (2018)<ref name="Verdict" /> || 404.25 ''(55.7%)'' || 284.75 ''(39.2%)'' || 30 ''(4.1%)'' || 7 ''(1.0%)'' || 726
|}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal]]
* [[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal]]
* [[Right to water]]
* [[Water law]]
* [[Water Resources in India]]
* [[Water right]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Kaveri River]]
[[Category:Politics of Karnataka]]
[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka (1947–present)]]
[[Category:Economy of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Inter-state disputes in India]]
[[Category:Arbitration cases]]
[[Category:Water disputes in India]]
[[Category:Water case law]]
[[Category:Water conflicts]]
[[Category:Indian case law]]

Kerala Legislative Assembly

2026-03-20T11:17:13Z

Davidwez:

{{Short description|Unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Kerala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Redirect|Niyamasabha|the building that houses the Niyamasabha|Niyamasabha Mandiram}}
{{more footnotes|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Kerala Legislative Assembly
| native_name = {{lang|ml|കേരള നിയമസഭ}}
| native_name_lang = [[Malayalam]]
| coa_pic = Government of Kerala Logo.svg
| coa_res = 200px
| transcription_name =
| legislature = [[15th Kerala Assembly]]
| foundation = 
| disbanded = 
| preceded_by = [[14th Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| succeeded_by =
| coa_alt =
| house_type = Unicameral
| term_limits = 5 years
| leader2_type = [[List of speakers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| leader2 = [[A. N. Shamseer]]
| party2 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| election2 = 12 September 2022
| leader3_type = Deputy Speaker
| leader3 = [[Chittayam Gopakumar]]
| party3 = [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
| leader4_type = [[List of Chief Ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]] (Leader of the House)
| leader4 = [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| party4 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| election4 = 20 May 2021
| leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader5 = [[V. D. Satheesan]]
| party5 = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| election5 = 22 May 2021
| leader6_type = Deputy Leader of the Opposition
| leader6 = [[P. K. Kunhalikutty]]
| party6 = [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| election6 = 22 May 2021
| leader7_type = Chief Whip
| leader7 =
| leader1_type = [[List of governors of Kerala|Governor]]
| leader1 = [[Rajendra Arlekar]]
| seats = '''140'''
| structure1 = {{Switcher|[[File:Bharat Kerala Niyamasabha 2025.svg|300px]]|By party|[[File:Bharat Kerala Niyamasabha Alliance Wise 2025.svg|300px]]|By alliance}}
| structure1_res = 300px
| political_groups1 = '''[[Government of Kerala|Government]] (95)''' 
:{{Party legend|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}} (95)
:*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}} (61)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-21 |title=Kerala HC annuls CPI(M) MLA's election from Devikulam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/hc-annuls-raja-s-candidature-from-devikulam-101679339000164.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
:*{{Party legend|Communist Party of India}} (16)
:*{{Party legend|Kerala Congress (M)}} (5)
:*{{Party legend|Indian Socialist Janata Dal}} (2)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-unit-of-janata-dal-s-officially-merges-with-indian-socialist-janata-dal-isjd/article70518344.ece |title=Kerala unit of Janata Dal (S) merges with Indian Socialist Janata Dal |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2026-01-17 |access-date=2026-02-20}}}</ref>
:*{{Party legend|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}} (2)
:*{{Party legend|Congress (Secular)}} (1)
:*{{Party legend|Indian National League}} (1)
:*{{Party legend|Kerala Congress (B)}} (1)
:*{{Party legend|National Secular Conference}} (1)
:*{{Party legend|Rashtriya Janata Dal}} (1)
:*{{Party legend|Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)}} (1)<ref>{{Cite news |author= |date=2021-03-23 |title=Overconfidence of coalitions in Kerala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/overconfidence-of-coalitions-in-kerala/articleshow/81628296.cms |website=[[Times of India]]|access-date=2025-02-12}}</ref>
:*{{Party legend|Independent politician|shortname=IND}} (3)
'''Official Opposition (42)''' 
:{{Party legend|United Democratic Front (Kerala)}} (42)
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress}} (21)
:*{{Party legend|Indian Union Muslim League}} (15)
:*{{Party legend|Kerala Congress}} (2)
:*{{Party legend|Kerala Congress (Jacob)}} (1)
:*{{color box|#00B2B2}} [[Kerala Democratic Party|KDP]] (1)
:*{{Party legend|Revolutionary Marxist Party of India}} (1)
*{{Party legend|Independent}} (1)
*{{Party legend|Casual vacancy}} (3)
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First past the post]]
| last_election1 = [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|6 April 2021]]
| next_election1 = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|9 April 2026]]
| session_alt =
| session_room = Inside View of Kerala Legislative Assembly.jpg
| meeting_place = [[Niyamasabha Mandiram]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.niyamasabha.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Kerala Legislative Assembly''', popularly known as the '''Kerala Niyamasabha''', is the State Assembly of [[Kerala]], one of the 28 states in India. The Assembly is formed by 140 elected representatives, one from each of the 140 constituencies within the borders of Kerala, referred to as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA).

==History==
In [[Kerala Day|1956]], the State of Kerala was formed on linguistic basis, merging [[Travancore]], [[Kochi]] and [[Malabar District|Malabar]] regions, and the [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] region of [[South Canara]].<ref name="askh">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A. |title=''Kerala Charitram'' |date=January 2007 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kottayam |isbn=978-81-264-1588-5 |edition=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FAlXPgAACAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82 |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113141403/https://books.google.com/books?id=FAlXPgAACAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B3+%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first [[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|assembly election]] in [[Kerala]] state was held in February–March 1957.<ref name="askh"/> The first ''Kerala Legislative Assembly'' was formed on 5 April 1957. The Assembly had 127 members including a nominated member.<ref name="askh"/>

The current delimitation committee of 2010 reaffirmed the total number of seats at 140.<ref name="askh"/>

== Legislature ==
<section begin="Legislature"/>
The [[legislature]] consists of the governor and the Kerala Legislative Assembly, which is the highest political organ in the state. The governor has the power to summon the assembly or to close the same. All members of the legislative assembly are directly elected, normally once in every five years by the eligible voters who are above 18 years of age. The current assembly consists of 140 elected members. The elected members select one of its own members as its chairperson who is called the [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]] of the assembly. The speaker is assisted by the deputy speaker who is also elected by the members. The conduct of a meeting in the house is the responsibility of the speaker.

The main function of the [[Legislative Assembly|assembly]] is to pass laws and rules. Every bill passed by the house has to be finally approved by the governor before it becomes law.

The normal term of the legislative assembly is five years from the date appointed for its first meeting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Government – Legislature|url=https://niyamasabha.org/codes/govt_2.htm|publisher=Kerala Niyamasabha|access-date=17 March 2022|archive-date=8 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208011357/http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/govt_2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><section end="Legislature"/>

==Niyamasabha Complex==
{{main|Niyamasabha Mandiram}}

[[File:Niyamasabha Mandiram.JPG|thumb|left|Kerala State Legislative Assembly or the Niyamasabha at night]]
The State Assembly is known as Niyamasabha and is housed in New Legislature Complex. This 5 storied complex is one of the largest complexes in India. The Central Hall is described as elegant and majestic, with ornamental Teakwood-Rosewood panelling. The older Assembly was located within the State Secretariat complex which was converted into the Legislature Museum, after the commissioning of the new complex on 22 May 1998 ([[K. R. Narayanan]]).

== Speakers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly ==
{{Main|List of speakers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly}}

The Speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Legislative Assembly of the state of Kerala, the main law-making body for Kerala. He is elected by the members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. The speaker is always a member of the Legislative Assembly. The current speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly is [[A. N. Shamseer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=KERALA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY| url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/STATISTICAL/kerala.htm|access-date=2021-09-05|website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in}}</ref>

A. N. Shamseer is the incumbent speaker of the Kerala Legislative Assembly.

== Composition ==
===Reservation===
{|class="wikitable" style="width:50%; text-align:center"
!Reservation
!Number of members
|-
|General
|124
|-
|Scheduled Castes
|14
|-
|Scheduled Tribes
|2
|-
!Total
!140
|}
===Current seats by alliance===
{{transcluded section|source=15th Kerala Assembly}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:15th Kerala Assembly|Composition}}}}

== List of assemblies ==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Assembly {{small|([[Elections in Kerala|Election]])}}
!colspan=2|Ruling party
![[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
![[List of speakers of the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
![[List of leaders of the opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
!colspan=2|Opposition party
|-
!1st {{small|([[1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1957 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|[[R. Sankara Narayanan Thampi]]
|[[P. T. Chacko]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!rowspan=2|2nd {{small|([[1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1960 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}};"|
|[[Praja Socialist Party]]
|[[Pattom A. Thanu Pillai]]
|rowspan=2|[[K. M. Seethi Sahib]]<hr/>C. H. Mohammed Koya<hr/>Alexander Pattambithara
|rowspan=2|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Communist Party of India]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[R. Sankar]]
|-
!rowspan=2|3rd {{small|([[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|rowspan=2|D. Damodaran Potti
|[[K. Karunakaran]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|
| rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India]]
| rowspan="2" |[[C. Achutha Menon]]
| rowspan="6" |[[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]]
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
| rowspan="6" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
!4th {{small|([[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|
|K. Moideenkutty Haji<hr/>S. John
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|-
!rowspan=4|5th {{small|([[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977 Election]])}}
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[K. Karunakaran]]
|rowspan=4|[[Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty]]
|rowspan=4 style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|-
|[[A. K. Antony]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[P. K. Vasudevan Nair]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}};"|
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|[[C. H. Mohammed Koya]]
|-
!rowspan=2|6th {{small|([[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[E. K. Nayanar]]
|A. P. Kurian
|[[K. Karunakaran]]
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" |[[K. Karunakaran]]
|A. C. Jose
| rowspan="2" |[[E. K. Nayanar]]
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
| rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
! 7th {{small|([[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982 Election]])}}
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]<hr/>[[V. M. Sudheeran]]
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|-
!8th {{small|([[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[E. K. Nayanar]]
|[[Varkala Radhakrishnan]]
|[[K. Karunakaran]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!rowspan=2|9th {{small|([[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991 Election]])}}
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress]]
||[[K. Karunakaran]]
|[[P. P. Thankachan]]
|rowspan=2|[[E. K. Nayanar]]<hr/>[[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[A. K. Antony]]
|[[Therambil Ramakrishnan]]
|-
!10th {{small|([[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[E. K. Nayanar]]
|[[M. Vijayakumar]]
|[[A. K. Antony]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!rowspan=2|11th {{small|([[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001 Election]])}}
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[A. K. Antony]]
|[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]
|rowspan=2|[[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
|rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|rowspan=2|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
|[[Oommen Chandy]]
|[[Therambil Ramakrishnan]]
|-
![[12th Kerala Assembly|12th]] {{small|([[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
|[[K. Radhakrishnan (politician)|K. Radhakrishnan]]
|[[Oommen Chandy]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
![[13th Kerala Assembly|13th]] {{small|([[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011 Election]])}}
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Oommen Chandy]]
|[[G. Karthikeyan]]<hr/>[[N. Sakthan]]
|[[V. S. Achuthanandan]]
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
![[14th Kerala Assembly|14th]] {{small|([[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
| rowspan="2" |[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
|[[P. Sreeramakrishnan]]
|[[Ramesh Chennithala]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
![[15th Kerala Assembly|15th]] {{small|([[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Election]])}}
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}};"|
|[[M. B. Rajesh]]<hr/>[[A. N. Shamseer]]
|[[V. D. Satheesan]]
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
|-
|}

== Current members ==
{{transcluded section|source=15th Kerala Assembly}}
{{trim|{{#Section-h:15th Kerala Assembly|Members of Legislative Assembly}}}}

==See also==
* [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly]]
* [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2019 Kerala Legislative Assembly by-elections]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://niyamasabha.org/codes/legislatorsupto2006.pdf Legislators up to 2006]
* http://klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation|title=Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala|last=|publisher=Secratriat of Kerala Legislature|year=2018|location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]|url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf|access-date=20 May 2021|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519062017/http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/14kla/chief%20ministers,%20ministers,%20leaders%20of%20opposition.pdf|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP|edition=Malayalam }}
* {{cite book|author=Menon, A. Sreedhara|title=A Survey of Kerala History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C|year=2007|publisher=DC Books|isbn=9788126415786|access-date=13 June 2021|archive-date=24 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024131432/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C|url-status=live}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://www.loksabhaelections.in/kerela Kerala Lok Sabha Election 2019 Results Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201455/https://www.loksabhaelections.in/kerela |date=1 March 2019 }}
{{Commons category|Kerala Niyamasabha}}
* [http://www.niyamasabha.org niyamasabha.org]
* [http://www.keralaassembly.com Kerala Assembly Election 2016 Website]
* [http://www.keralaassembly.org Election Database]
* [http://www.klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org klaproceedings.niyamasabha.org]

{{Legislatures of India}}
{{Current Indian assemblies}}
{{Kerala elections}}
{{Government of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kerala Legislative Assembly| ]]
[[Category:State lower houses in India]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Unicameral legislatures]]
[[Category:Thiruvananthapuram]]

Augustine Lalrochana

2026-03-20T00:57:08Z

Davidwez: new new info

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Augustine Lalrochana
| image =
| fullname = Augustine Lalrochana
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2004|08|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vairengte]], [[Mizoram]], India<ref name="Aizawl,PoB,Youth"/>
| height =
| currentclub = [[SC Delhi]]
| clubnumber = 19
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = [[Aizawl FC#Aizawl youth & academy|Aizawl Academy]]
| youthyears2 =
| youthclubs2 =[[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]]
| youthyears3 =
| youthclubs3 =Bethlehem Vengthlang
| youthyears4 = 2022–2023
| youthclubs4 =[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]] Reserve
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| years1 = 2023–2025
| clubs1 = [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
| caps1 = 23
| goals1 = 1
| years2 = 2025–
| clubs2 = [[SC Delhi]]
| caps2 = 2
| goals2 = 1
| club-update = 21 February 2026
}}

'''Augustine Lalrochana''' (born 8 August 2004) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Indian Super League]] (ISL) club [[SC Delhi]].

==Career==
Lalrochana stated playing at the [[Aizawl FC#Aizawl youth & academy|Aizawl FC Academy]] in [[Mizoram]]. After garduating from Aizawl FC he played for [[Chhinga Veng FC|Chhinga Veng]] and then Bethlehem Vengthlang FC. During that period, he also represented Mizoram, at the [[Khelo India Youth Games]], where the team won the gold medal.<ref name="Aizawl,PoB,Youth">{{cite web |title=New Signing:Augustine Lalrochana |url=https://www.facebook.com/AizawlFC/photos/new-signing-augustine-lalrochana-18-years-young-winger-from-vairengte-who-gradua/435845235222684 |website=Facebook.com|publisher=[[Aizawl FC]] |access-date=23 February 2026 |date=20 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mizoramin Kerala an sawp |url=https://vanglaini.org/infiamna/66720?date=2022-06-06 |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[Vanglaini]] |date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223161004/https://vanglaini.org/infiamna/66720?date=2022-06-06 |archive-date=23 February 2026 |language=Mizo |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Khelo India Youth Games: CR7 Fans Star in Mizoram's Big Football Triumph |url=https://www.news18.com/news/football/khelo-india-youth-games-cr7-fans-star-in-mizorams-big-football-triumph-5362867.html |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[CNN-News18]] |date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223160401/https://www.news18.com/news/football/khelo-india-youth-games-cr7-fans-star-in-mizorams-big-football-triumph-5362867.html |archive-date=23 February 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2023, he signed for [[Aizawl FC]] of the second-tier [[I-League]]. He played three seasons for Aizawl from 2022 to 2025.<ref name="stats"/><ref name="Aizawl,PoB,Youth"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Arunava |title=Aizwal FC signed teenage Augustine Lalrochana |url=https://www.arunfoot.com/aizawl-fc-sign-teenage-augustine-lalrochana/ |website=Arunfoot.com |access-date=23 February 2026 |date=20 July 2022}}</ref> On 18 January 2025, he scored his first goal of his professional career in a 4–3 victory against [[Inter Kashi FC|Inter Kashi]] during the [[2024–25 I-League]].<ref name="espn stats">{{cite web |title=Football player: Augustine Lalrochana |url=https://www.espn.in/football/player/_/id/354742/augustine-lalrochana|publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=23 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Inter Kashi vs Aizwal 2024-25 Ileague match |url=https://www.espn.in/football/match/_/gameId/722755/aizawl-fc-inter-kashi |access-date=21 February 2026 |work=[[ESPN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223201535/https://www.espn.in/football/match/_/gameId/722755/aizawl-fc-inter-kashi |archive-date=23 February 2026 |date=18 January 2025}}</ref>

In 2025, Lalrochana signed for then ISL club [[Hyderabad FC]], now rebranded as [[SC Delhi]]. On 27 November 2025, he made his debut for the club in the [[2025 AIFF Super Cup]] in a 1–4 defeat against [[Mumbai City FC]].<ref name="espn stats"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai City FC thrash newcomers SC Delhi |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/mumbai-city-fc-thrash-newcomers-sc-delhi |publisher=[[All India Football Federation]] |access-date=23 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223193615/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/mumbai-city-fc-thrash-newcomers-sc-delhi |archive-date=23 February 2026 |date=27 October 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 February 2026, he made his debut in the ISL, the top tier league of India.<ref name="espn stats"/><ref name="stats"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Achal |first1=Aswin |title=ISL 2025-26: Bengaluru FC gets season underway with 2-0 win over SC Delhi |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-bengaluru-fc-vs-sc-delhi-sunil-chhetri-sivasakthi-goals-highlights/article70636107.ece |access-date=23 February 2026 |work=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223201130/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/isl-2025-26-bengaluru-fc-vs-sc-delhi-sunil-chhetri-sivasakthi-goals-highlights/article70636107.ece |archive-date=23 February 2026 |date=15 February 2026}}</ref> On 21 February 2026, he scored his first goal in the ISL in a 1–4 defeat to [[East Bengal FC|East Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |title=East Bengal ride Ezzejjari barce to defeat SC Delhi. |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/east-bengal-ride-ezzejjari-barce-to-defeat-sc-delhi |publisher=[[Indian Super League]] |access-date=23 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260223153153/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/east-bengal-ride-ezzejjari-barce-to-defeat-sc-delhi |archive-date=23 February 2026 |date=21 February 2026 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career statistics ==
=== Club ===
{{updated|21 February 2026}}<ref name="stats">{{soccerway|augustine-lalrochana/579019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]]
|[[2022–23 in Indian football|2022–23]]
| rowspan="3" |[[I-League]]
|colspan="2" |—||3{{efn|name=Super Cup|Appearance(s) in [[AIFF Super Cup|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||3||0
|-
|[[2023–24 Aizawl FC season|2023–24]]
|5||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||5||0
|-
|[[2024–25 Aizawl F.C. season|2024–25]]
|18||1|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||18||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!23!!1!!3!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!26!!1
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[SC Delhi]]
|[[2025–26 SC Delhi season|2025–26]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian Super League]]
|2||1||3{{efn|name=Super Cup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||5||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!2!!1!!3!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!5!!1
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!25!!2!!6!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!31!!2
|}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Association football|Biography}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/211328?type=club Augustine Lalrochana] at AIFF
* {{Soccerway|new_id=lalrochana-augustine/MH3ii8S6}}

{{SC Delhi squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalrochana, Augustine}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hyderabad FC players]]
[[Category:Aizawl FC players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Sikar–Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express

2026-03-19T18:49:30Z

Davidwez: new new location

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Sikar – Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express
| image =
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2017|06|21}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway zone]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Sikar Junction}} ('''SIKR''')
| stops = 10
| end = {{rws|Delhi Sarai Rohilla}} ('''DEE''')
| distance = {{convert|291|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 6h 40m
| frequency = Bi-weekly {{efn|Runs two in a week for every direction.}}
| class = Second Class sitting, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper 3 Tier, Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-Catering
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage =
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 14811/14812
| speed = {{cvt|41|km/h}}
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Sikar – Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express''' is an intercity train of the Indian Railways connecting [[Sikar Junction railway station|Sikar Junction]] in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla|Sarai Rohilla]] of Delhi. It is currently being operated with 14811/14812 train numbers on bi-weekly basis.<ref>[https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1941058299472393&id=1536164256628468 INTRODUCTION OF NEW TRI- WEEKLY EXPRESS TRAIN BETWEEN DELHI SARAI ROHILLA AND SIKER FROM 22.06.2017]</ref><ref>[https://www.bhaskar.com/news/HAR-OTH-MAT-latest-kosli-news-033005-2849629-NOR.html Introduction of Sikar - Delhi Sarai Rohilla tri-weekly Express]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.railnews.co.in/railway-minister-flags-off-new-train-on-newly-build-loharu-sikar-broad-gauge-line/ Railway Minister flags off new Train on newly build Loharu-Sikar broad gauge line]</ref>

== Service==

The 14811/Sikar – Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express has an average speed of 44 km/h and covers 291 km in 6h 40m. The 14812/Delhi Sarai Rohilla – Sikar Intercity Express has an average speed of 47 km/h and covers 291 km in 6h 15m.

== Route and halts ==

* {{rws|Sikar Junction}}
* {{rws|Nawalgarh}}
* {{rws|Dundlod Mukundgarh}}
* {{rws|Jhunjhunu}}
* {{rws|Surajgarh}}
* {{rws|Loharu Junction}}
* {{rws|Mahendragarh}}
* {{rws|Rewari Junction}}
* {{rws|Pataudi Road}}
* {{rws|Gurgaon}}
* {{rws|Delhi Cantonment}}
* {{rws|Delhi Sarai Rohilla}}

==Coach composite==

The train consists of 13 coaches :

* 1 AC III Tier
* 4 Sleeper Coaches
* 3 Second Class sitting
* 4 General
* 2 Second-class Luggage/parcel van

== Direction reversal==

Train Reverses its direction 1 times:

* {{rws|Loharu Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Sikar railway station]]
* [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla railway station]]
* [[Delhi Sarai Rohilla–Sikar Express]]
* [[Rajasthan Sampark Kranti Express]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== External links ==

* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/29634 14811/Sikar - Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express]
* [https://d.indiarailinfo.com/train/29633 14812/Delhi Sarai Rohilla - Sikar Intercity Express]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikar - Delhi Sarai Rohilla Intercity Express}}
[[Category:Rail transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Intercity Express (Indian Railways) trains]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2015]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}

New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar Tourist Express

2026-03-07T13:20:55Z

Davidwez:

{{Short description|Express trains with Vistadome carriages}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar Tourist Express
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image = New Jalpaiguri Alipurduar Tourist Express.jpg
| caption = New Jalpaiguri Alipurduar Tourist Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status =
| first = 28 August 2021
| last =
| locale = [[West Bengal]]
| operator = [[Northeast Frontier Railway zone|Northeast Frontier Railways]]
| start = [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri Junction]]
| stops = 07
| end = [[Alipurduar Junction]]
| distance= {{convert|168|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 5 hrs 40 mins
| frequency = Daily<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Jalpaiguri Alipurduar vistadome express to run daily|url=https://morungexpress.com/vistadome-tourist-train-to-run-daily-in-dooars-area|website=morungexpress.com}}</ref>
| trainnumber = 15777 / 15778
| class = Chair Car(CC)-02, Second Sitting (2S)-02 Vistadome (EC)-02 EOG-02
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| baggage = Available
| catering = Available
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| speed = Avg. Speed – 29km/hr
| map =
}}

'''New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar Tourist Express'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-new-jalpaiguri-alipur-duar-tourist-special-05777/8374/444/449 | title=05777/New Jalpaiguri - Alipur Duar Tourist Express - New Jalpaiguri to Alipur Duar NFR/Northeast Frontier Zone - Railway Enquiry }}</ref> is the tourist [[Express trains in India]] that runs between [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri Junction]] and [[Alipurduar Junction]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. The train belongs to the [[Northeast Frontier Railway]] zone of [[Indian Railways]]. The service was officially started from 28 August 2021 from [[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/enjoy-another-indian-railways-vistadome-ride-new-jalpaiguri-alipurduar-tourist-special-to-run-from-this-date-check-timings/2317988/ | title=Enjoy another Indian Railways Vistadome ride! New Jalpaiguri-Alipurduar Tourist Special to run from this date; Check timings | date=26 August 2021 }}</ref> The train provides awesome sceneries of the beautiful [[Doars|Dooars]] region which includes [[Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Sevoke Railway Bridge]], [[Teesta|River Teesta]], [[Jaldhaka River|River Jaldhaka]], [[Torsa River|River Torsha]], [[Dooars-Terai tea gardens]], [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]], [[Jaldapara National Park]], [[Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Rajabhatkhawa|Rajabhatkhawa, etc.]] The passengers travelling by this train would also get to see the mesmerizing view of Sub-Himalayas, the glaciated rivers such as [[Teesta]], [[Torsa River|Torsha]], Daina river, [[Jaldhaka River|Jaldhaka]], Kuji Daina, Dima river, etc. The train will also cover many little villages, towns, etc. One of this train's stoppage is [[Hasimara Railway Station]], which lies near the border of [[Bhutan]]. The passengers would also get to see views of [[Jayanti, Alipurduar|Jayanti Hills]], [[Sevoke]], [[Chalsa, India|Chalsa]], [[Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands]] and [[Malbazar subdivision|Malbazar]]. The passengers would also be entertained by dance performed by locals at some specific stations like [[Chalsa Railway Station|Chalsa]] and [[Hasimara railway station|Hasimara]]. There is also a selfie point in the Vistadome Coach. The train will cover three districts, which are [[Jalpaiguri district|Jalpaiguri District]], [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling District]] and [[Alipurduar district|Alipurduar District]].

==Locomotive==
The train is hauled by [[WAP-7]] Locomotive of [[Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri|Siliguri Locomotive Shed]] from {{rws|New Jalpaiguri}} to {{rws|Alipurduar Junction}} and vice versa.

==Coach composition==
15777/15778 Alipurduar - New Jalpaiguri /New Jalpaiguri - Alipurduar Tourist Express consists of Two [[Indian Railways coaching stock|General Class (GS)]] coaches, One [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC Chair Car (CC)]] coach, One [[Indian Railways coaching stock|Executive Vistadome (EC)]] class, Engine and One [[Indian Railways coaching stock|End On Generator (EOG)]] coach.

==Stops==
* '''[[New Jalpaiguri Junction railway station|New Jalpaiguri]] (Starts) '''
* '''[[Siliguri Junction]]'''
* [[Gulma railway station|Gulma]]
* [[Sivok railway station|Sevoke Junction]]
* '''[[New Mal Junction railway station|New Malbazar Junction]]'''
* [[Chalsa Railway Station]]
* [[Nagrakata railway station]]
* [[Banarhat railway station]]
* '''[[Binnaguri railway station]]'''
* [[Dalgaon railway station]]
* [[Madarihat railway station]]
* '''[[Hasimara railway station]]'''
* [[Kalchini railway station]]
* [[Rajabhatkhawa railway station]]
* '''[[Alipurduar Junction]] (Ends) '''

==See also==
*[[Siliguri Junction–Rangtong–Siliguri Evening Safari]]

==References==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Jalpaiguri-Alipurduar Tourist Special}}
[[Category:Tourist attractions in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:2021 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Transport in Siliguri]]
[[Category:Alipurduar railway division]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]

NLIU Bhopal

2026-03-06T13:31:52Z

Davidwez: Creating new pg w/ sources

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}{{Short description|Law University in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = National Law Institute University Bhopal
| image = National_Law_Institute_University_Logo.png
| mottoeng = The diligent grow happily
| established = 1997
| type = [[National Law University]]
| endowment =
| chancellor = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chancellor|url=https://nliu.ac.in/chancellor/|website=www.nliu.ac.in|access-date=17 July 2022|language=en}}</ref>
| principal =
| vice_chancellor = S. Surya Prakash<ref>{{cite web|title=Vice Chancellor|url=https://nliu.ac.in/vice-chancellor/|website=www.nliu.ac.in|access-date=17 July 2022|language=en}}</ref>
| head_label =
| head =
| city = [[Bhopal]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|23|11|13.4|N|77|21|48|E|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Urban areas|Urban]], [[residential]]
| free_label = [[Visitor]]
| free = [[Chief Justice of India]]
| colours =
| nickname = NLIU / NLU Bhopal
| mascot =
| website = {{URL|http://www.nliu.ac.in}}
| administrative_staff =
| faculty =
| colors = {{Color box|Red}}{{Color box|Yellow}} Red and yellow
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Bar Council of India|BCI]]|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] | [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
}}
The '''National Law Institute University Bhopal''' ('''NLIU Bhopal''') is a [[Public university|public]] [[law school]] and a [[National Law University]] located in [[Bhopal]], [[India]]. Established in 1997 by the State of [[Madhya Pradesh]], it is the second law school established under the [[Autonomous law schools in India|National Law School]] system.It is one of the most prestigious and best law schools in India.

The university launched its first academic program in 1998, with Indian jurist V.S. Rekhi as the Director.<ref>Education Info India, List of Universities in M.P. (Last accessed 05/09 2013)</ref> The university admits around 120<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NLIU Brochure 2022 |url=https://consortiumofnlus.ac.in/clat-2022/nlus/brochure/NLIU.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310190921/https://consortiumofnlus.ac.in/clat-2022/nlus/brochure/NLIU.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 March 2022 }}</ref> candidates each year through the [[Common Law Admission Test]] for the B.A. LL.B. course and around 60<ref name=":1" /> candidates for the B.Sc. LL.B. course. The postgraduate courses offered at the university are the [[LL.M.|Masters of Law (LL.M.)]] degree and the Master of Cyber Law & Information Security (MCLIS) degree.

The university is a member of the [[Association of Indian Universities]], and the visitor of the university is the [[Chief Justice of India]]. It works with the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court|High Court of Madhya Pradesh]] and the [[National Judicial Academy (India)|National Judicial Academy]]. Since 2009, NLIU has stationed the [[Rajiv Gandhi National Cyber Law Center]], established by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India]].<ref>Virudhika NLIU, [[About NLIU]] (2012) (Last accessed: 05/09 2013)</ref>

== History ==
[[J. S. Verma|J.S. Verma]] had proposed the first National Law School at Bhopal. However, major action would not be taken on this proposition until the National Law Institute University was set up in Bhopal by ''Act No. 41 of 1997'' (or NLIU Act, 1997,<ref>Madhya Pradesh State Legislature, National Law Institute University Act, 1997</ref> which was later substituted by Act No. 06 of 2018). Its first program was launched in 1998, and courses commenced on 1 September 1998.<ref>College Information, Profile of the National Law Institute University</ref>

The [[LL.M.|Masters of Law (LL.M.)]] program was launched in 2007, producing its first graduates in 2009. The establishment of Student Bodies, Academic Cells and associations started in 2002 with the establishment of the NLIU Moot Court Association.<ref>NLIU MCA, NLIU MCA Blog. "[The MCA] was established in 2002."</ref> The Centre for Business and Commercial Law and the [[Rajiv Gandhi National Cyber Law Center|Rajiv Gandhi National Cyber Law Centre]] were established in 2008.<ref>The Masters in Cyber Law and Information Security program was launched in 2011, producing its first graduates in 2013.</ref><ref>NLIU Centre for Business and Commercial Law, [http://nidm.gov.in/PDF/NLIU.pdf About CBCL (2009)]</ref> The university published the first edition of ''Indian Law Review ''in November 2009.<ref>NLIU, [http://www.nliu.ac.in/publication/indianlaw/indianlaw1.html Indian Law Review - Inaugural Edition]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203105248/http://www.nliu.ac.in/publication/indianlaw/indianlaw1.html|date=3 December 2013}} (2009).</ref> The ''NLIU Law Review'' was first published in 2010, and the ''NLIU Journal of Intellectual Property Law'' was first published in 2012.<ref>NLIU Journal of Intellectual Property Law, Inaugural Edition - Cover (2012).</ref>

In November 2017, nearly 400 students participated in a week-long [[Student protest|protest]] outside the university gate, accusing Singh, the Director of the university, of favouritism. Following the protests, Singh, who had been holding the position for the past 10 years, resigned. The [[Chief Justice of India]] of the time, [[Hemant Gupta]], intervened to resolve the crisis. The [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] began the process of appointing a new director of the university. At the same time, a committee was established to examine administrative mismanagement. With this, the protests ended and classes resumed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 November 2017 |title=Classes resume at NLIU after a week of protests |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/classes-resume-at-nliu-after-a-week-of-protests/article20496448.ece/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527095033/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/classes-resume-at-nliu-after-a-week-of-protests/article20496448.ece/amp/ |archive-date=27 May 2024 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shrivastav |first=Prachi |date=15 November 2017 |title=NLIU Director SS Singh resigns • One week of successful student protests wind down • HC appoints registrar + inquiry |url=https://www.legallyindia.com/took-one-week-but-nliu-protests-called-off-as-director-resigns-hc-appoints-registrar-enquiry-comm-20171115-8892 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527103527/https://www.legallyindia.com/took-one-week-but-nliu-protests-called-off-as-director-resigns-hc-appoints-registrar-enquiry-comm-20171115-8892 |archive-date=27 May 2024 |work=Legally India}}</ref>

In October 2023, NLIU Bhopal hosted an event by the Young Thinkers' Forum, inaugurated by the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|union minister of environment, forest and climate change]] [[Bhupender Yadav]]. The event featured speeches and literature that were [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] and [[Anti-Christian sentiment|hostile towards Christians]], along with posters deriding and villainizing academics and intellectuals who had previously opposed or criticized the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Many students protested, citing [[discrimination]] against [[Minority group|minorities]], [[Transgender|trans people]], and [[Feminism|feminists]]. Vice-chancellor S. Surya Prakash stated that NLIU did not endorse the ideas presented and did not anticipate the nature of the event. Despite protests, the university allowed the event to proceed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Betwa |date=2 October 2023 |title=Islamophobia, Literature Hostile To Minorities At Event Launched By Union Minister At National Law School In Bhopal |url=https://article-14.com/post/islamophobia-literature-hostile-to-minorities-at-event-launched-by-union-minister-at-national-law-school-in-bhopal-651a3f8e6f82b |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525212310/https://article-14.com/post/islamophobia-literature-hostile-to-minorities-at-event-launched-by-union-minister-at-national-law-school-in-bhopal-651a3f8e6f82b |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=27 May 2024 |work=Article 14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shantha |first=Sukanya |date=1 October 2023 |title=Uproar at NLIU Bhopal Over Event With "Communal" Speakers Where Eminent Academics Were Villainised |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/education/uproar-at-nliu-bhopal-over-event-with-communal-speakers-where-eminent-academics-were-villanised |work=The Wire}}</ref>

== Academics ==
===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
|IT_L_2022=3|NIRF_L_2023=18}}

In 2023, it was ranked 18th on the list of law universities by India's Board of Education National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF).<ref>{{Cite web |title=MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/LawRanking.html |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=www.nirfindia.org |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922081213/https://www.nirfindia.org/2023/LawRanking.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> NLIU was also ranked third among law colleges in [[India]] by ''[[India Today]]'' in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best LAW Colleges 2021: List of Top LAW Colleges 2021 in India - Page2 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2021/ranks/1836829?page=2 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.indiatoday.in}}</ref> and 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Best LAW Colleges 2022: List of Top LAW Colleges 2022 in India - Page2 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/bestcolleges/2022/ranks/1837795?page=2 |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.indiatoday.in}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:NLIUEntrance5.JPG|Main gate
File:NLIU_campus.jpg|Campus
File:NLIUGyanmandir3.JPG|Gyan Mandir
File:NLIULibrary10.JPG|Library
File:NLIUHostel2.JPG|Hostels
File:NLIUGuesthouse1.JPG|Guest house
File:NLIUGym2.JPG|Gym
File:NLIUSports1.jpg|Fields and Courts
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Rajiv Gandhi National Cyber Law Center|Rajiv Gandhi National Cyber Law Centre]]
* [[Legal education in India]]
* [[List of law schools in India]]
* [[Bhopal]]
* [[Common Law Admission Test|CLAT]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.nliu.ac.in/}}

{{Autonomous law schools in India}}
{{Universities in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Law schools in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:National Law Universities]]
[[Category:Universities in Bhopal]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]

Paasa Paravaigal

2026-03-06T05:31:59Z

Davidwez:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Paasa Paravaigal.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[Cochin Haneefa]]
| screenplay = [[M. Karunanidhi]] (dialogues)
| story = Cochin Haneefa
| producer = [[Murasoli Selvam]]
| starring = [[Sivakumar]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]
| cinematography = [[A. Vincent]]
| editing = P. Venkateswara Rao
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| studio = Poompuhar Productions
| released = {{film date|1988|4|29|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Paasa Paravaigal''''' ({{Translation|Lovable Birds}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[legal drama]] film directed by [[Cochin Haneefa]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]], with music by [[Ilaiyaraaja]]. The film stars [[Sivakumar]], [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] and [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]. It is a remake of Haneefa's own 1986 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu]]''. The film was released on 29 April 1988 and became a commercial success. It won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Second Best Film]], and Radhika won the [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress at Cinema Express Awards]].

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=June 2021}}

Sukumar ([[Sivakumar]]) and Shankar ([[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]]) are famous doctors at the same hospital in Chennai. They have been married to advocates Anandhi ([[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]) and Uma ([[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]), respectively. Uma is the younger sister of Sukumar, so both families have a healthy relationship. Meanwhile, Sekar ([[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]) is also a doctor in the same hospital where Sukumar and Shankar work, often crosses paths with the duo and holds a grudge towards them. Sukumar has the ambition of studying medicine in the abroad. But in the placements, Shankar is selected instead of Sukumar. So, to be unknown to anyone, Shankar withdraws his selection to the chief doctor, so that Sukumar can fulfill his ambitions.

Oneday Sukumar leaves for Bangalore to write the examination. The sameday Shankar dies at car accident due to brake failure. A few weeks pass by, and Sukumar goes again for the Bangalore exams. In the meanwhile Sekar meets Uma’s family and accuses Sukumar of the death of Shankar and submits the proofs that show Sukumar hasn’t travelled to Bangalore for the first time. Sekar also blames Sukumar murdered Shankar for the sake of a foreign degree by deliberately cutting the brake wire. Uma initially resists this theory of assumptions, but is convinced later and takes up the case against her own brother.

It is then revealed that Shankar was in love with a girl named Rohini for a few days before his marriage. Now, after Rohini’s death, her brother Dhanaraj ([[Cochin Haneefa]]) blackmails and threatens Shankar and expects a lump sum amount. During the court arguments, Sukumar ordered that Dhanraj be brought to prove his statements were true.

To everyone’s shock, Sukumar revealed that Dhanraj could not come because he already killed Dhanraj with his own hands. It was actually Sukumar who went to meet Dhnaraj at Bangalore for the first time and tried to sort things out smoothly without violence. While waiting for the Bangalore, he received the news that Shankar had been killed by Dhanraj. So to retaliate, he went straight to Dhanraj and killed him. Sukumar asks the honourable court that he is ready to do whatever will make his sister happy. The movie ends with Uma asking for forgiveness from Sukumar for understanding him wrongly, and they are united.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sivakumar]] as Dr. Sukumar
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Advocate Anandhi
* [[Mohan (actor)|Mohan]] as Dr. Shankar
* [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] as Advocate Uma
* [[Cochin Haneefa]] as Dhandraj
* [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Thirugnanam
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Dr. Sekar
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Ramu
* [[Oru Viral Krishna Rao]] (cameo appearance)
* [[S. S. Chandran]] as Dr. Yaman
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Public Prosecutor
* [[Gandhimathi]] as Vaigai
* [[Charu Haasan]] as Chief Doctor
* [[Tinku (actor)|Master Tingu]] as Sukumar's son
* Gokila as Rohini
}}

== Production ==
''Paasa Paravaigal'' is a remake of Haneefa's own 1986 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu]]''.<ref name="thiraippada solai" /> Mohan dubbed in his own voice for the first time in a Tamil film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 January 2020 |title=''மோகன் குரலும் நல்லாருக்கு, தமிழும் நல்லாருக்குன்னு கலைஞர் சொன்னார்'' - நடிகர் மோகன் 'பாசப்பறவைகள்' ப்ளாஷ்பேக் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/532999-mohan-paasa-paravaigal.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601102920/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/532999-mohan-paasa-paravaigal.html |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=28 December 2007 |title=Mr. Simple is back |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/12/28/stories/2007122850200400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109231714/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/12/28/stories/2007122850200400.htm |archive-date=9 November 2012 |access-date=7 October 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was by [[Ilaiyaraaja]] and lyrics were written by [[Gangai Amaran]] and [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paasa Paravaigal 1988 |url=http://mio.to/album/Paasa+Paravaigal+(1988) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808112047/http://mio.to/album/Paasa+Paravaigal+(1988) |archive-date=8 August 2016 |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=Music India Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paasa Paravaigal Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by Ilaiyaraja |url=https://mossymart.com/product/paasa-paravaigal-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilaiyaraja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601103005/https://mossymart.com/product/paasa-paravaigal-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ilaiyaraja/ |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> The song "Thenpandi Thamizhe" attained popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=சுகுமாறன் |date=19 August 2024 |title=Raksha Bandan 2024: பாசமலர்களே! காலத்தால் அழியாத எவர்கிரீன் அண்ணன் - தங்கை படங்கள் இதுதான்! |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/raksha-bandan-2024-kollywood-evergreen-brother-sister-movies-know-full-details-197202 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819081336/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/raksha-bandan-2024-kollywood-evergreen-brother-sister-movies-know-full-details-197202 |archive-date=19 August 2024 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer !! Length
|-
| "Thenpandi Thamizhe" || [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]|| 04:10
|-
| "Maappillaye Maappillaye" || [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] || 04:32
|-
| "Thenpandi Thamizhe" – 2 || K. J. Yesudas || 04:28
|-
| "Thenpandi Thamizhe" – (Sad) || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Paasa Paravaigal'' was released on 29 April 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2018 |title=திரையுலகில் கலைஞர் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/karunanidhi/newsdetail.asp?id=8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010637/https://www.dinamalar.com/karunanidhi/newsdetail.asp?id=8 |archive-date=6 January 2019 |access-date=19 February 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> N. Krishnaswamy of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "As long as the film dwells on the nuances in the relationships of its lead characters [...] it sails smoothly and with an assurance that signals bon voyage."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnaswamy |first=N. |date=13 May 1988 |title=Paasa Paravaigal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880513&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was a commercial success running for over 100 days in theatres.<ref name="thiraippada solai" /> It won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Second Best Film]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Film News |first=Anandan |author-link=Film News Anandan |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |publisher=Sivagami Publications |year=2004 |pages=738 |language=ta |trans-title=Tamil Films History and Its Achievements}}</ref> and Radhika won the [[Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 1989 |title=Cinema Express readers choose Agni Nakshathiram |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19890311&printsec=frontpage |access-date=9 March 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="thiraippada solai">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2021 |title=திரைப்படச்சோலை 48: பாசப்பறவைகள் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/692274-thiraippada-solai.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713083357/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/692274-thiraippada-solai.html |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}

[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1980s legal drama films]]
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:Films about brothers]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films about sisters]]
[[Category:Films directed by Cochin Haneefa]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Malliswari (1951 film)

2026-03-03T20:46:05Z

Davidwez: Creating first stub needs work

{{short description|1951 film directed by Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Malliswari
| image = Malliswari 1951.JPG
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[B. N. Reddy]]
| producer = B. N. Reddy
| based_on = {{based on|''Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu''|[[Sivaraju Venkata Subbarao|Buchibabu]]}} {{based on|''The Emperor and the Slave Girl''|Devan Sharar}}
| starring = [[[N. T. Rama Rao]] [P. Bhanumathi]]
| music = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| cinematography = Adi M. Irani B. N. Konda Reddy
| editing = H. R. Narayana Vasu
| studio = [[Vauhini Studios]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|1951|12|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 175–194 minutes{{efn|The [[Directorate of Film Festivals]] gives the runtime as 175 minutes,<ref name="IFFI" /> while ''Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema'' by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen gives the runtime as 194 minutes.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |page=323 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Malliswari''''' is a 1951 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[historical romance]] film{{Sfn|Kasbekar|2006|page=221}} produced and directed by [[B. N. Reddy|B. N. Reddi]] under his banner [[Vauhini Studios]]. [[P. Bhanumathi]] and [[N. T. Rama Rao]] star as a couple – Nagaraju and Malliswari – who are separated by Malliswari's greedy mother. Malliswari is sent to the king's palace according to the custom of "Rani Vasam", a tradition during the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] wherein young women were fetched to the palace with an offering of gold and jewellery to their parents. The rest of the film focuses on the consequences faced by Nagaraju when he, against all rules, surreptitiously enters the palace to meet Malliswari.

B. N. Reddi had envisioned a film about [[Krishnadevaraya|Sri Krishnadevaraya]] since his visit to [[Hampi]] during the production of his debut film, [[Vande Mataram (1939 film)|''Vande Mataram'']] (1939). He enlisted [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] to write the script, drawing inspiration from [[Butchi Babu]]'s play ''Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu'' and Devan Sharar's short story ''The Emperor and the Slave Girl''. B. N. Reddi also incorporated elements from his own childhood to enhance the narrative's authenticity, particularly in the playful interactions between Nagaraju and Malliswari. To ensure historical accuracy, B. N. Reddi consulted [[Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma]], a noted historian and epigraphist. Art director A. K. Shekar devoted nearly two years to designing the sets, meticulously preparing sketches to reflect the period’s aesthetics. The film's music was composed by [[S. Rajeswara Rao]], with cinematography by Adi M. Irani and B. N. Konda Reddy.

The production phase of ''Malliswari'' lasted for two years and the film was released on 20 December 1951. It grossed over {{INR}}8 lakh ({{INR}}0.8 million) but underperformed in its initial box-office run. However, it was successful in its re-release.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gudipoodi |first=Srihari |title=Telugu Cinema - Past and Present |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/research/anal/anal-tc4.html |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=[[Idlebrain.com|Idlebrain]] |quote=Though the film did not do good business, it earned name to the director and technicians. It stands out as a monumental musical in Telugu cinema. B.N.Reddi told me that the film made some money in its second run.}}</ref> ''Malliswari'' was featured at the Peking Film Festival in [[Beijing]], [[China]] on 14, March 1953. B. N. Reddi planned to dub the film into English, but backed out due to budget considerations.

''Malliswari'' achieved cult status in Telugu cinema and is considered one of the best works of B. N. Reddi as a filmmaker. It became the first film script to be serialised in the magazine ''Vijayachitra'', and a few universities in the United States wished to have the film's script as a part of their textual studies. On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, [[CNN-IBN]] included ''Malliswari'' in its list, "The 100 greatest Indian films of all time".

== Plot ==
During the reign of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], "Rani Vasam" was a common tradition that was considered a "boon" for young women. According to the tradition, young women were made the official residents of the palace when palanquins were sent to fetch them from their homes, offering large quantities of gold and jewellery to the parents in exchange. While the families of these women continue to cherish their daughters, these women were prohibited from having any contact with any male or letting any male visit them without permission. The ones who violated the rule were hanged.

Nagaraju and Malliswari of Veerapuram are [[Parallel and cross cousins|cross-cousins]] who became close friends in childhood. This angers Malliswari's mother Nagamma, who criticises Nagaraju and his mother Govindamma, mainly for their economic status. Malliswari's father Narappa, also the village head, is a silent spectator, and her uncle Hanumanthappa is a minister in the court of [[Krishnadevaraya]], the king of the Vijayanagara Empire. Once, Nagaraju and Malliswari visit the nearby village and take shelter in a [[mandapa]] at night during a rainfall. Krishnadevaraya and [[Allasani Peddana]], along with a few soldiers, enter the same mandapa where there are impressed with Malliswari's talent as a singer and dancer. Nagaraju and Malliswari, unaware of their true identity, converse with them, and Nagaraju asks them to recommend Malliswari to Krishnadevaraya for Rani Vasam.

Malliswari is against this and sees this as a prank by Nagaraju. While Nagamma is keen to send her to Rani Vasam, Narappa wants his daughter to marry Nagaraju. Nagamma voices her opinion insulting Nagaraju and Govindamma. Nagaraju then decides to leave Veerapuram and earn money to convince Nagamma to approve his marriage to Malliswari. He becomes a successful sculptor in Vijayanagara and decides to return to Veerapuram. However, before he can do so, Krishnadevaraya and his wife Tirumaladevi appoint Malliswari as the official resident of the palace, thereby granting her "Rani Vasam".

Due to her insatiable desire for wealth, Nagamma forcibly sends Malliswari to the palace, and, when Nagaraju returns on the same night and learns what has happened, he becomes depressed. Govindamma becomes unstable after Nagaraju begins to lead the life of a recluse, mulling over his memories of Malliswari. A group of sculptors meet Nagaraju and ask him to accompany them to Vijayanagara to build a special mandapa for dancers, and he agrees. There, he meets Malliswari. They are separated by her maid Jalaja, who is afraid that they will be beheaded, as stipulated in the Rani Vasam tradition. Knowing about her past, Jalaja arranges a meeting of Malliswari with Nagaraju on the banks of the [[Tungabhadra River]] at midnight.

Krishnadevaraya and his ministry attend the newly constructed dance hall, where they learn that Nagaraju is one of the sculptors. That night, Malliswari wants to meet Nagaraju again but is held back after receiving a message that Krishnadevaraya and Tirumaladevi, along with other official residents of the palace, will be attending the play "Usha Parinayam" at the dance hall and that Malliswari is expected to participate in it. Nagaraju, who is waiting for her near the Tungabhadra river, enters the palace and is chased by the soldiers. Malliswari sees Nagaraju running and calls out to him. To prevent Malliswari from being hanged, Nagaraju acts as if he does not know her, but they are soon jailed for violating the rules of Rani Vasam.

Jalaja reveals the love story of Malliswari and Nagaraju to Tirumaladevi. She also reveals that Malliswari denied any help from her and instead chose to die along with Nagaraju. The next morning, the hanging nooses are kept ready and the duo meet Krishnadevaraya before killing them. When Nagaraju blames Krishnadevaraya for sending a palanquin to her house for Rani Vasam, Krishnadevaraya defends his action and reminds Nagaraju that it was he who had asked him to send Malliswari to Rani Vasam. Krishnadevaraya forgives both Nagaraju and Malliswari, and their marriage is conducted in a grand manner at the palace.

== Cast ==
* [[P. Bhanumathi]] as Malliswari and the main female lead and singer
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Nagaraju
* Sreevatsa as [[Krishnadevaraya]]
* [[Kumari (actress)|Kumari]] as Tirumaladevi
* [[T. G. Kamala Devi]] as Jalaja
* Nyapathi Raghava Rao as [[Allasani Peddana]]
* [[Rushyendramani]] as Nagamma
* Doraiswamy as Narappa
* [[Surabhi Kamalabai]] as Govindamma
* [[Vangara Venkata Subbaiah]] as Hanumanthappa
* Revathi in a [[cameo appearance]] in the song "Poyi Ravamma"
* Baby Mallika as Young Malliswari
* Master Venkata Ramana as Young Nagaraju

== Production ==
[[File:Hampi virupaksha temple.jpg|thumb|[[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha Temple]] at [[Hampi]], [[Karnataka]]. At the [[sanctum sanctorum]] of this temple, [[B. N. Reddy|B. N. Reddi]] decided in 1939 to direct a film where [[Krishnadevaraya]] would be the central character. This became the genesis of ''Malliswari''.]]
During the filming of his directorial debut ''Vandemataram'' (1939) at [[Hampi]], [[B. N. Reddy|B. N. Reddi]] visited the [[Virupaksha Temple, Hampi|Virupaksha Temple]] to capture the beauty of the monuments, which reflected the taste and artistic outlook of [[Krishnadevaraya]], king of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. At the [[sanctum sanctorum|heart]] of the temple, Reddy felt that he was standing exactly at a place where Krishnadevaraya had once stood and offered prayers to the deity. From that moment, Reddy decided to make a film in which Krishnadevaraya would be the main character, and he began working on the script.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta">{{Cite web |title=Nostalgia — Malleswari (1951) |url=http://www.cinegoer.net/malleswari.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226164949/http://www.cinegoer.net/malleswari.htm |archive-date=26 December 2015 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=Cinegoer.net}}</ref>

Reddy chose the concept of ''Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu'', a popular play written by Telugu novelist [[Sivaraju Venkata Subbarao|Buchibabu]] that was published in the literary journal ''Bharathi'' (1944) and later broadcast by [[All India Radio]], [[Chennai|Madras]].<ref name="The Hindu BFP">{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 March 2013 |title='Malleeswari' (1951) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320174648/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |archive-date=20 March 2013 |access-date=26 December 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> He approached Telugu poet and playwright [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]] to write the film's script and lyrics after being impressed with his previous works.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta" /> Reddy made a few changes to Buchibabu's play and reworked Krishnadevaraya's character.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta" />

Apart from ''Rayalavari Karunakruthyamu'', Krishnasastri's script also took inspiration from Devan Sharar's short story, ''The Emperor and the Slave Girl'', which was published in the now defunct magazine, ''[[The Illustrated Weekly of India]]''. It was Reddy's practice to credit the authors of works from which he borrowed the basic premise for a film, but in this film, that was not the case. Krishnasastry revealed the fact in an interview with ''Vijayachitra'' magazine after Reddy's death in 1977.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> However, in the film's opening credits, Buchibabu was listed as the film's writer along with Krishnasastri.<ref name="Credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Malliswari (Telugu) |date=10 March 2015 |publisher=Volga Video |place=India |medium=Motion picture}} Clip from 00:00:00 to 00:00:32.</ref> Adi M. Irani and B. N. Konda Reddy were the film's cinematographers; [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] and Addepalli Ramarao composed the film's music; H. R. Narayana and Vasu edited the film.<ref name="Credits" /> A. K. Shekhar was the film's production designer and [[Thota Tharani]]{{'s}} father Thota Venkateswara Rao assisted him.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" />

[[N. T. Rama Rao]] was chosen to play Nagaraju, a sculptor during the period of Krishnadevaraya's rule. B. N. Reddi wanted to cast a fresh face for the role of Malliswari and screen-tested Kannada actress Revathi. He later finalised [[P. Bhanumathi]], who played a negative role in his previous film ''[[Swarga Seema]]'' (1945), as the film's female lead, as he felt an experienced actress with a good voice would do better justice to the role.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta" /> Revathi made a cameo appearance in the song "Poyi Ravamma".<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> Differences arose between Reddy and Bhanumathi due to the latter's lack of punctuality. Due to the delay in production of ''Malliswari'', Bhanumathi had begun working in ''[[Prema (1952 film)|Prema]]'' (1952), which was produced by her husband [[P. S. Ramakrishna Rao]]. As she sported a curly hairdo, a body double was used for a few sequences as it was in contrast to the simple and soft tresses she sported in this film.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> Regarding the same, Bhanumathi criticised Reddy, stating that he wanted his actresses to concentrate on his films and avoid getting married.<ref name="Idlebrain nosta">{{Cite web |last=Sastry |first=K. N. T. |authorlink=K. N. T. Sastry |title=Malliswari (1951) |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/malliswari.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325221001/http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/malliswari.html |archive-date=25 March 2015 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

Despite this, Reddy said that Rama Rao and Bhanumathi "made a cute on-screen pair", adding that one cannot imagine anyone else as Nagaraju and Malleswari. [[T. G. Kamala Devi]], who played the role of Malliswari in Buchibabu's radio play, was cast as Jalaja, Malliswari's maid in the film.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> Pasumarthi Krishnamurthy choreographed the songs. Reddy incorporated a few of his childhood incidents in the film, and according to Bhanumathi, the pranks between Malliswari and Nagaraju and the sequence before the song "Kothi Bavaku Pellanta" were inspired by his childhood experiences.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> Apart from designing the sets, Shekhar took care of the artists' hair and costumes. He also recreated the shores of the [[Tungabhadra River]] on a floor a Vauhini Studios building in Madras for the song "Manasuna Mallela".<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> The production phase of ''Malliswari'' lasted two years.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta" /><ref name="The Hindu BFP" />

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Malliswari
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype = To Malliswari
| artist = [[S. Rajeswara Rao]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 31 December 1951
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 56:47
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| producer = S. Rajeswara Rao
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

The official soundtrack of ''Malliswari'' composed by S. Rajeswara Rao consists of 19 songs whose lyrics were penned by Devulapalli Krishnasastri. The sound mixing process was supervised by A. Krishnan and P. V. Koteswara Rao. It was processed by N. C. Sen Gupta and orchestrated by Addepalli Ramarao,<ref name="The Hindu BFP2">{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=16 March 2013 |title='Malleeswari' (1951) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320174648/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/malleeswari-1951/article4515823.ece |archive-date=20 March 2013 |access-date=26 December 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> who was, however, credited as one of the film's music directors in the opening credits.<ref name="Credits2">{{Cite AV media |title=Malliswari (Telugu) |date=10 March 2015 |medium=Motion picture |publisher=Volga Video |place=India}} Clip from 00:00:00 to 00:00:32.</ref> The song "Manasuna Mallela" was composed using the [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani raga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amruthavarshini |date=11 May 2014 |title=Kalyani: The queen of ragas |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-05-11/%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%CB%9CKalyani-The-queen-of-ragas%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2-94763 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109015353/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2014-05-11/%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%CB%9CKalyani-The-queen-of-ragas%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2-94763 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> [[Purandara Dasa]]{{'s}} composition "Sri Gananatha" was used in the film's opening credits.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta2">{{Cite web |title=Nostalgia — Malleswari (1951) |url=http://www.cinegoer.net/malleswari.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226164949/http://www.cinegoer.net/malleswari.htm |archive-date=26 December 2015 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=Cinegoer.net}}</ref> Being a playback singer, Bhanumathi provided vocals for all the songs featuring her character Malliswari.<ref name="The Hindu BFP2" /> Composing the soundtrack took six months and Rajeswara Rao held rehearsals for both Ghantasala and Bhanumathi along with others.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta2" /> The soundtrack, marketed by [[Saregama]], was released on 31 December 1951.<ref name="Gaana2">{{Cite web |date=31 December 1951 |title=Malleeswari (1951) by Dr. Saluri Rajeswara Rao |url=http://gaana.com/album/malleeswari |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508232308/http://gaana.com/album/malleeswari |archive-date=8 May 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |publisher=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref> The song "Yenduke Neekinta" is based on [[Khamas (raga)|Khamas]] raga.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chandaraju |first=Aruna |date=16 March 2019 |title=Ragalu, Cine Geetalu: Confluence of two genres |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-hindu-friday-review-hyderabad-books-ragalu-cine-geetalu-dr-kodati-sambaiah-carnatic-ragas-in-telugu-films/article26553378.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403103423/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-hindu-friday-review-hyderabad-books-ragalu-cine-geetalu-dr-kodati-sambaiah-carnatic-ragas-in-telugu-films/article26553378.ece |archive-date=3 April 2024 |access-date=3 April 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

The soundtrack was a critical and commercial success.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta2" /><ref name="The Hindu BFP2" /><ref name="Idlebrain nosta2">{{Cite web |last=Sastry |first=K. N. T. |authorlink=K. N. T. Sastry |title=Malliswari (1951) |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/malliswari.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325221001/http://www.idlebrain.com/nosta/malliswari.html |archive-date=25 March 2015 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> In his review for ''Telugu Swatantra'' magazine, writer [[Aarudhra]] praised the film's sound designing by Krishnan and Koteswara Rao stating, "Heavy rain with winds lashed outside as [Mallishwari]'s mother converses with her husband Nagappa. Their conversation is clearly audible along with the sound of the rain and the wind. Even the flutter of the towel on Nagappa's shoulder is heard clearly".<ref name="The Hindu BFP2" /> In ''[[The Hans India]]'', Aruna Ravikumar surmised that, for the song "Akasha Veedhilo", Krishnasastri had borrowed the image of a cloud as messenger between lovers from the poem "Meghasandesam" by Indian [[Sanskrit]] poet [[Kālidāsa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravikumar |first=Aruna |date=31 May 2015 |title=The Monsoon Raga |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-05-31/The-Monsoon-Raga-154457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227090433/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-05-31/The-Monsoon-Raga-154457 |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=The Hans India}}</ref> Rajeswara Rao considered ''Malliswari'' to be his best work after [[S. S. Vasan]]{{'s}} ''[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|Chandralekha]]'' (1948).<ref name="The Hindu BFP2" /> He especially liked "Akasha Veedhilo" and performed it numerous times at events he attended.<ref name="Cinegoer nosta2" />

After Bhanumathi's death in December 2005, K. V. S. Madhav of ''[[The Hindu]]'' recalled, "Even at the ripe age of 70-something, when she rendered her immortal number from ''Malleswari'', 'Manasuna Mallela maalalugene...' in that honey-dipped voice, there was no eye that did not turn moist at Ravindra Bharathi almost a decade ago."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhav |first=K. V. S. |date=26 December 2005 |title=A legend no Telugu will ever forget |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/12/26/stories/2005122616750200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227160852/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/12/26/stories/2005122616750200.htm |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The single "Hey Pillagada" from ''[[Fidaa]]'' (2017) is an adapted version of the song "Parugulu Teeyaali," with the vocals of Bhanumathi and Ghantasala.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=10 July 2017 |title=Interview with Sekhar Kammula about Fidaa - Telugu cinema director |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/sekharkammula-fidaa.html |access-date=2020-10-11 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref>

'''Track listing'''<ref name="Gaana">{{Cite web |date=31 December 1951 |title=Malleeswari (1951) by Dr. Saluri Rajeswara Rao |url=http://gaana.com/album/malleeswari |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508232308/http://gaana.com/album/malleeswari |archive-date=8 May 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |publisher=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singers
| total_length = 56:47
| all_lyrics = [[Devulapalli Krishnasastri]]
| title1 = Kothi Bavaku Pellanta
| extra1 = [[P. Bhanumathi]]
| length1 = 3:10
| title2 = Pilichina Biguvatara
| extra2 = P. Bhanumathi
| length2 = 3:30
| title3 = Manasuna Mallela
| extra3 = P. Bhanumathi
| length3 = 3:03
| title4 = Nelaraja Vennelaraja
| extra4 = P. Bhanumathi
| length4 = 3:50
| title5 = Parugulu Teeyaali
| extra5 = P. Bhanumathi, [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
| length5 = 3:14
| title6 = Pilachina Biguvatara
| extra6 = P. Bhanumathi, Ghantasala
| length6 = 3:30
| title7 = Enduke Neekinta
| extra7 = P. Bhanumathi
| length7 = 2:51
| title8 = Avuna Nijamena
| extra8 = P. Bhanumathi, Ghantasala
| length8 = 4:20
| title9 = Aakasa Veedhilo
| extra9 = P. Bhanumathi, Ghantasala
| length9 = 5:22
| title10 = Uyyala Jampala
| extra10 = G. Ramakrishna, V. Sakuntala
| length10 = 2:03
| title11 = Bhalira
| extra11 = [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]]
| length11 = 0:43
| title12 = O Bava
| extra12 = G. Ramakrishna, V. Sakuntala
| length12 = 2:58
| title13 = Tummeda
| extra13 = [[T. G. Kamala Devi]]
| length13 = 2:43
| title14 = Evaru Emani Vinduro
| extra14 = P. Bhanumathi
| length14 = 3:50
| title15 = Usha Parinayam
| extra15 = P. Bhanumathi, T. G. Kamala Devi
| length15 = 7:21
| title16 = Kalavaramaaye Madilo
| extra16 = Ghantasala, P. Bhanumathi
| length16 = 3:03
| title17 = Nominamallala
| extra17 = P. Bhanumathi
| length17 = 1:53
}}

== Release, reception and legacy ==
[[File:Sri Thyagaraya Gana Sabha.JPG|thumb|Sri Thyagaraja Gana Sabha at [[Chikkadpally]], [[Hyderabad]] where the film's 60th anniversary celebrations were held on 20 December 2011.<ref name="sixty" />]]
''Malliswari'' was released on 20 December 1951.<ref name="sixty">{{Cite AV media |title=Malleswari Movie 60 Years Celebrations |date=20 December 2011 |publisher=ETV Online |place=India |medium=Event}}</ref> Initially, it received a tepid response at the box office. However, ticket sales picked up due to positive word of mouth but the film underperformed commercially.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Cinegoer nosta" /> Reddy re-released the film after a gap, and it achieved bigger success.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Cinegoer nosta" /><ref name="IFFI">{{Cite web |title=Directorate of Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227132032/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm9IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=9IIFA.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]}}</ref> ''Malliswari'' was screened at the 1952 Peking film festival, making it the first Telugu film to be screened in [[China]].<ref name="The Hindu BFP" />

''Malliswari'' grossed over {{INR}}8 [[lakh]], which according to Reddy, was a huge amount in those days. Vasan advised Reddy to dub the film into [[Hindi]]. A 16 mm print was sent to the United States.<ref name="IFFI" /> After being screened in various countries, Reddy wanted to dub ''Malliswari'' into English. However, the plans were dropped due to budget considerations.<ref name="Idlebrain nosta" /> Delhi Telugu Sangham screened the film at Azad Bhawan, New Delhi, on 21 February 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2004 |title=In the Capital Today |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/21/stories/2004022113620300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227130014/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/21/stories/2004022113620300.htm |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> The 60th anniversary of ''Malliswari'' was celebrated with an event at the Sri Thyagaraja Gana Sabha, [[Chikkadpally]], on 20 December 2011.<ref name="sixty" />

=== Critical reception ===
In his review for ''[[Filmindia]]'' magazine, [[Baburao Patel]] called ''Malliswari'' an "inspiring motion picture" which would "save us the blush when compared with the best of motion pictures of the world".<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> Film historian [[Randor Guy]] called ''Malliswari'' a "poem in celluloid, told with rare artistic finesse, which lingers long in the memory".<ref name="IFFI" />

M. L. Narasimham of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "No wonder, the film took two years to complete, but what ultimately mattered was the quality of the product, an all-time classic of which the Telugu film industry is proud. It is a simple story, well told and represented by excellence in all sectors of film -craft [sic]". Regarding Bhanumathi's performance, Narasimham stated that she "breathed life" into Malliswari's character with her "natural acting and mellifluous renditions".<ref name="The Hindu BFP" />

In his book "Alanaati Chalana Chitram", [[K. N. T. Sastry]] wrote that Bhanumathi's expressions were "heavenly" and called Shekhar's production design "commendable".<ref name="Idlebrain nosta" /> The directorate of the International Film Festival of India called ''Malliswari'' a "nostalgic film of kings and proud queens, baroque-style palaces and dancers, and ordinary mortals who dared to fall in love".<ref name="IFFI" />

=== Digitisation plans ===
In November 2007, a [[Hyderabad]]-based company named Goldstone Technologies acquired the [[Photographic film|film negative]] rights of fourteen Telugu films produced by Vijaya Vauhini Studios, including ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957) and ''Malliswari'', to release their digitally remastered versions in colour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2007 |title=Old classics in colour soon |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/old-classics-in-colour-soon/article1953295.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528121554/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/old-classics-in-colour-soon/article1953295.ece |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Though the digitally remastered and colourised version of ''Mayabazar'', released in January 2010, was commercially successful, Goldstone Technologies decided not to remaster the remaining fourteen films including ''Malliswari'', saying that most of the producers who sold the rights of the negatives to TV channels lost control over them. Goldstone said furthermore that there were a number of legal issues over ownership and copyright issues whenever other producers try to do something on their own.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Hemanth |date=11 February 2014 |title=Preserving Tollywood's timeless classics |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Preserving-Tollywoods-timeless-classics/articleshow/30226239.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528121550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Preserving-Tollywoods-timeless-classics/articleshow/30226239.cms |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===

{{blockquote|When people talk of good movies, of clean films, of purposeful cinema, BN is remembered, and his films like ''[[Sumangali (1940 film)|Sumangali]]'', ''Malleswari'', ''[[Bangaru Papa]]'', ''[[Devata (1941 film)|Devata]]'' are screened, some go nostalgic...some give out deep sighs...some shed silent tears. Sentimental folks long for the bygone days of glory that was Telugu cinema and that was BN Reddi.|Film historian Randor Guy about B. N. Reddy in the 9th International Film Festival of India's manual.<ref name="IFFI" />|title=|source=}}

''Malliswari'' is regarded as one of the cult classic films of Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |date=17 July 2012 |title=BN Reddy is a legendary Telugu film director |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/BN-Reddy-is-a-legendary-Telugu-film-director/articleshow/15018920.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227135924/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/did-you-know-/BN-Reddy-is-a-legendary-Telugu-film-director/articleshow/15018920.cms |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> It is one of the earliest Telugu films making use of Indian art and architecture and was followed by films such as ''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' (1980), ''[[Meghasandesam]]'' (1982), ''[[Ananda Bhairavi (film)|Ananda Bhairavi]]'' (1983), ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' (1983), and ''[[Rudraveena (film)|Rudraveena]]'' (1988).{{Sfn|Kasbekar|2006|page=227}} It was also the first film script to be serialised in ''Vijayachitra'' magazine.<ref name="The Hindu BFP" /> During the film's screening in the United States, a few universities requested the film's script as a part of their film study curriculum.<ref name="IFFI" /> Reddy considered ''Malliswari'' his best work as a filmmaker, and the film was recognised as such.<ref name="IFFI" /><ref name="The Hindu BFP" /><ref name="Idlebrain nosta" /> ''Malliswari''{{'s}} success led to Rama Rao's resurgence from a career slump.<ref name="Idlebrain nosta" /> A [[Malliswari (2004 film)|2004 Telugu film]] directed by [[K. Vijaya Bhaskar]] was also titled ''Malliswari'' and marked the debut of the British-Indian actress [[Katrina Kaif]] in Telugu cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2004 |title=Review : Malliswari |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/malliswari-review-telugu-pclv0ugebjebf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227140735/http://www.sify.com/movies/malliswari-review-telugu-pclv0ugebjebf.html |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

In January 2007, M. L. Narasimham included ''Malliswari'' on a list of films that have influenced society and Telugu cinema along with ''[[Mala Pilla]]'' (1938), ''[[Raithu Bidda]]'' (1939), ''[[Vara Vikrayam (film)|Vara Vikrayam]]'' (1939), ''[[Bhakta Potana]]'' (1942), ''[[Shavukaru]]'' (1950), ''[[Pedda Manushulu (1954 film)|Peddamanushulu]]'' (1954), ''[[Mayabazar]]'' (1957) and ''[[Lava Kusa (1963 film)|Lava Kusa]]'' (1963).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=19 January 2007 |title=Reliving the reel and the real |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/reliving-the-reel-and-the-real/article2271205.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204141847/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/reliving-the-reel-and-the-real/article2271205.ece |archive-date=4 February 2015 |access-date=4 February 2015 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> In May 2012, Radhika Rajamani of [[Rediff.com]] mentioned ''Malliswari'' for the letter M in her list, "The A to Z of Telugu Cinema".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=7 May 2012 |title=Special: The A to Z of Telugu Cinema |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-special-the-a-to-z-of-telugu-cinema/20120507.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227142244/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-special-the-a-to-z-of-telugu-cinema/20120507.htm |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Commenting on ''[[Mithunam (2012 film)|Mithunam]]'' (2012), actor and writer [[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] stated, "Some movies might make money but a ''Malleswari'', a ''Sankarabharanam'', a ''[[Pratighatana]]'' and movies like them cannot be forgotten".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2013 |title=People ready to patronise good films, says Bharani |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/people-ready-to-patronise-good-films-says-bharani/article4352574.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227141442/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/people-ready-to-patronise-good-films-says-bharani/article4352574.ece |archive-date=27 December 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, [[CNN-IBN]] included ''Malliswari'' in its list, "The 100 greatest Indian films of all time".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2013 |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/photogallery/movies/100-years-of-indian-cinema-the-100-greatest-indian-films-of-all-time-903065.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528121404/http://www.ibnlive.com/photogallery/movies/100-years-of-indian-cinema-the-100-greatest-indian-films-of-all-time-903065.html |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Kasbekar |first=Asha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&q=malleeswari&pg=PA227 |title=Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2006 |isbn=1-85109-636-1 |location=[[United States]] }}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0259416}}

{{Good article}}

[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:1951 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Indian historical romance films]]
[[Category:Indian historical musical films]]
[[Category:Indian epic films]]
[[Category:1951 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1950s romantic musical films]]
[[Category:1950s historical romance films]]
[[Category:1950s historical musical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. Rajeswara Rao]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Films set in ancient India]]
[[Category:Films set in the 16th century]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by B. N. Reddy]]

Bicycle Thieves (2013 film)

2026-03-03T20:43:21Z

Davidwez: General cleanup and content improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bicycle Thieves
| image = Bicycle-Thieves-2013.jpg
| director = [[Jis Joy]]
| producer = Dr. S. Sajikumar Krishnan Sethukumar
| story = Ajith Pillai
| screenplay = [[Jis Joy]]
| starring = [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] [[Aparna Gopinath]] [[Salim Kumar]] [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] [[Saiju Kurup]] [[Aju Varghese]]
| music = [[Deepak Dev]] [[Jerry Amaldev]]
| cinematography = Binendra Menon
| editing = Ratheesh Raj
| released = {{film date|2013|11|29|df=yes}}
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| studio = Dharmik films
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bicycle Thieves''''' is a 2013 [[Malayalam]] [[comedy thriller]] film written and directed by [[Jis Joy]]. It stars [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] in the lead role alongside [[Aparna Gopinath]] with [[Salim Kumar]], [[Saiju Kurup]], [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]], [[Aju Varghese]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], and [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] in other pivotal roles. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/bicycle-thieves/movie-review/26678800.cms|title=BICYCLE THIEVES MOVIE REVIEW|first=Aswin J.|last=Kumar|date=|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Summary==
Chacko lost his parents in his childhood and he lives with uncle's family who tortures him and considers him a slave. Unable to face the struggle, he leaves in a bicycle and joins a cycle workshop owner Bose and his workers, Rameshan and Rahim who steals bicycles for a living. Their fate changes when they try to aim for more. A heist goes wrong, and the gang gets split. Chacko moves to another place where he continues with his tricks, on a bigger scale. During one of those endeavors, he meets Meera, a bank employee, and they fall in love.

The first half of the film is used to introduce each character, without divulging much details. The viewers are left to guess as they all could have a possible role in the suspense later on.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bicycle-thieves-review-malayalam-pcmbfJgjefhah.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523235850/http://www.sify.com/movies/bicycle-thieves-review-malayalam-pcmbfJgjefhah.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2015|title=Review : Bicycle Thieves|work=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/14242/malayalam/bicycle-thieves/4486/review.htm|title=Bicycle Thieves Review|date=1 December 2013|work=Nowrunning|access-date=7 April 2015|archive-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407120356/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/14242/malayalam/bicycle-thieves/4486/review.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]] as Kunchacko (Chacko)
** Dhananjay as Young Chacko
* [[Aparna Gopinath]] as Meera Mathews
* [[Salim Kumar]] as Bose Prakash alias Bossettan
* [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as Adv. Kashinathan
* [[Saiju Kurup]] as Rameshan
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as CI
* [[Sunil Sukhada]] as Fa.Idayil Chodiyan
* [[Kishor Satya]] as Sleeve Varghese
* [[Jaffar Idukki]] as Sajeer Bhayi
* [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Meera's Landlady
* Bineesh Kodiyeri as Rahim
* [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Pattara Swami
* [[Devan (actor)|Devan]] as Mathews
* [[Aju Varghese]] as Shajan (cameo)
* [[Balu Varghese]] as Iqbal (cameo)
* [[Sekhar Menon]] as himself (cameo)
* Naveen Arakkal
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bicycle Thieves
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Deepak Dev]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Malayalam
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Ezhamathe Varavu]]
| prev_year =
| next_title = [[7th Day (film)|7th Day]]
| next_year =
}}
All tracks are composed by [[Deepak Dev]] and [[Jerry Amaldev]] and written by [[Bichu Thirumala]], [[Kaithapram]], and Jis Joy.

{{Track listing
|extra_column = Performer(s)

|title1 = Aayiram Kannumaay (bit)
|note1 =
|extra1 = [[Asif Ali (actor)|Asif Ali]]
|length1 =

|title2 = Mele Vaanile
|note2 =
|extra2 = [[Ramya Nambeesan]], [[Naveen]]
|length2 =

|title3 = Punchiri Thanchum
|note3 =
|extra3 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|length3 =

|title4 = Theme Song
|note4 =
|extra4 = [[Naveen]]
|length4 =

|total_length =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|3683214}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s comedy thriller films]]
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2013 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Jis Joy]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Rochelle Rao

2026-03-03T19:12:46Z

Davidwez:

{{Short description|Indian model (born 1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox model
| name = Rochelle Rao
| image = Rochelle Rao graces The Indian Television Academy Awards 2017 (18) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Rao at the [[Indian Television Academy Awards|2017 ITA Awards]]
| birth_name = Rochelle Rao
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|11|25}}<ref>[https://twitter.com/RochelleMRao/status/447317770951094272 Team Rochelle Rao on Twitter: "@RochelleRaoFC 25 th november.. I'm a Sagittarius and this year is special as I turned 25 on the 25th!"]. Twitter.com (22 March 2014). Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref>
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| height = {{height|ft=5|in=5}}<ref>[http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/photoshow/11777780.cms?curpg=11 Rochelle Maria Rao – Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225193245/http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/photoshow/11777780.cms?curpg=11 |date=25 February 2014 }}. Beautypageants.indiatimes.com (10 February 2012). Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref>
| alma_mater = [[M.O.P. Vaishnav College for Women]]<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Rochelle Maria Rao: Lesser known facts .|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Rochelle-Maria-Rao-Lesser-known-facts/Rochelle-Maria-Rao-Lesser-known-facts/eventshow/50681680.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=13 June 2016|date=22 January 2016|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418042505/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/Rochelle-Maria-Rao-Lesser-known-facts/Rochelle-Maria-Rao-Lesser-known-facts/eventshow/50681680.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| spouse = {{marriage |[[Keith Sequeira]]|2018}}
| occupation ={{hlist| Model|Actress}}
| website =
| relatives = [[Paloma Rao]] (sister)
}}

'''Rochelle Rao Sequeira''' (née '''Rao'''; born 25 November 1988) is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned [[Femina Miss India]] International in 2012 and represented India at the [[Miss International 2012]]. She was a contestant on the reality shows ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6]]'', ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5]]'', ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]'' and ''[[Nach Baliye|Nach Baliye 9]]''. She also appeared as a main character in ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''.

== Early life ==
Rochelle Rao was born in [[Chennai]] on 25 November 1988. Her father, Nicolas V Rao, of Telugu-German ancestry is a naturalist while her mother, Wendy Rao, is an [[Anglo-Indian]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=rochellemrao|number=325649687526903808|title=Dad-german\Telegu Mom-Anglo Indian!born&lived in Chennai&moved2Mumbai last year post winnin Miss India International.}}</ref> Her sister [[Paloma Rao]] is also an actress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijaykumar |first=Vaishali |date=14 August 2019 |title=Nurturing each other |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/Aug/14/nurturing-each-other-2018627.html |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

She holds a BSc in [[electronic media]] from MOP Vaishnav College for Women, Chennai.<ref name="auto"/>

== Femina Miss India ==
Rochelle Rao competed in the fifth Pantaloons Femina Miss India South pageant in January 2012 where she was first runner up. She lost the title to Shamata Anchan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130405073748/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-23/hyderabad/30550281_1_nicole-faria-finalists-miss-earth B'lore girl Shamata is Femina Miss India South – The Times of India]. Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (23 December 2011). Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref> She later participated at Femina Miss India and emerged as the ''Femina Miss India International 2012'' winner. She has also won three subtitles. "Miss Glamorous Diva", "Miss Ramp Walk", "Miss Body Beautiful". She represented India at [[Miss International 2012]] pageant held in October 2012 (Okinawa, Japan) where she ranked ninth out of 68 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/All-eyes-on-Rochelle-Maria-Rao/videoshow/4412992.cms|title=All eyes on Rochelle Maria Rao|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=4 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404012020/http://www.timesnow.tv/All-eyes-on-Rochelle-Maria-Rao/videoshow/4412992.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Career ==
She won the [[Femina Miss India#Miss International|Femina Miss India International 2012]]<ref name="feminamissindia.indiatimes.com">[http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/ Miss India – Miss Diva – World Pageants – Indiatimes.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515052736/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/photoshow/18497435.cms?curpg=11 |date=15 May 2013 }}. Feminamissindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref> crown. Prior to this she was a model and anchor in Chennai. Rochelle was crowned by the outgoing titleholder [[Ankita Shorey]].

She later turned host for season six of the [[Indian Premier League]].<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/ipl-rochelle-maria-rao-bigg-boss-6-karishma-kotak-157216-2013-03-28|title=Miss India International Rochelle Maria Rao and Bigg Boss 6 hottie Karishma Kotak to glam up IPL 6|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref> Currently living in Mumbai, she has anchored various events and TV shows. She has also featured in many men's magazines.<ref name="Men's magazine 1">[http://www.gqindia.com/file/rochelle-maria-raojpg-1 Men's magazine 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430174412/http://www.gqindia.com/file/rochelle-maria-raojpg-1 |date=30 April 2015 }}. Gqindia.com (22 February 1999). Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref><ref name="Men's magazine 2">[http://www.gqindia.com/slideshow/gq-women/2014-kingfisher-calendar-girl-rochelle-rao Men's magazine 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026191038/http://www.gqindia.com/slideshow/gq-women/2014-kingfisher-calendar-girl-rochelle-rao |date=26 October 2015 }}. Gqindia.com (22 February 1999). Retrieved on 23 October 2015.</ref>

[[File:Keith and Rochelle.jpg|thumb|220px|Rochelle Rao with [[Keith Sequeira]] at the premiere of ''Calendar Girls'']]

She was featured in the February 2014 page of the Kingfisher calendar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kingfishercalendar.com/2014/february.aspx|title=Rochelle Rao – Kingfisher Calendar Girl|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105514/http://kingfishercalendar.com/2014/february.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In August 2013, Rochelle was seen in ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' season 6 which aired on Colors as a wild card entrant. She did not get chosen for the show as she did her performance.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

She was also seen in season 5 of the show ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' in 2014. She was the second contestant to be eliminated from the show that was hosted by [[Rohit Shetty]]. In late 2014 she was seen on an adventurous travel show on Fox Life called ''Life Mein Ek Baar'' along with [[Evelyn Sharma]], Pia Trivedi and [[Mahek Chahal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Rochelle-Maria-Rao-eliminated-from-Khatron-Ke-Khiladi/articleshow/33347596.cms|title=Rochelle Maria Rao eliminated from Khatron Ke Khiladi|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2015, Rao became a contestant on the Indian reality TV series, ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]'' along with boyfriend [[Keith Sequeira]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/bigg-boss-9-contestant-rochelle-maria-rao-24542.html|title=Bigg Boss 9 Contestant No 9: Rochelle Maria Rao, beauty with brains, to set BB on fire!|date=11 October 2015|access-date=12 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/want-to-connect-with-hindi-audience-with-bigg-boss-rochelle-rao/|title=Want to connect with Hindi audience with 'Bigg Boss': Rochelle Rao|date=13 October 2015|access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref> She was paired with [[Prince Narula]] but later changed with [[Rimi Sen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/rishabh-deserved-to-win-he-never-stopped-entertaining-us-rochelle-rao-305772-2016-01-27|title=Rishabh deserved to win, he never stopped entertaining us: Rochelle Rao|access-date=27 January 2016}}</ref>

Rochelle Rao also hosted Aug 2022 India's Laughter Champion show successfully.<ref>[[India%27s Laughter Champion]]</ref>

Rao is currently playing various roles in the comedy show ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' on Sony TV which started in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/after-bigg-boss-9-rochelle-rao-turns-comedian-with-the-kapil-sharma-show-315810-2016-04-01|title=After Bigg Boss 9, Rochelle Rao turns comedian with The Kapil Sharma Show?|access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref>

She was last seen in [[1962: The War in the Hills]] as Rimpa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhima |title=Exclusive: Rochelle Rao reveals joy of working with Mahesh Manjrekar for her digital debut '1962: The War In The Hills' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/television/report-exclusive-rochelle-rao-reveals-joy-of-working-with-mahesh-manjrekar-for-her-digital-debut-1962-the-war-in-the-hills-starring-abhay-deol-mahie-gill-sumeet-vyas-releasing-on-february-26-2877597 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2001
| ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6''
| rowspan="4" | Contestant
| Not selected
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| ''Life Mein Ek Baar''
|
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 5]]''
| 16th place (Evicted in 3rd week)
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| 2015–2016
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 9)|Bigg Boss 9]]''
| 3rd runner-up
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2016–2022
| rowspan="3" | ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
| Nurse Lottery
| Season 1
| style="text-align:center;" |
|-
| Chingaari
|Season 2
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/rochelle-rao-the-kapil-sharma-show-5514938/|title=Rochelle Rao on The Kapil Sharma Show: The audience expects a lot from us|last=Farzeen|first=Sana|date=29 December 2018|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|Mr. Damodar's assistant
|Season 3
|
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Nach Baliye#Season 9|Nach Baliye 9]]''
| Contestant
| 14th place
|
|-
|2022
|India's Laughter Champion
|Host
|season 1
|
|}

'''Web Series'''
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
|-
|2021
|[[1962: The War in the Hills]]
|Rimpa
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm8156849 Rochelle Rao] at [[IMDb]]
* {{Instagram|rochellerao}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Ankita Shorey]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Femina Miss India|Miss International India]]
|years=[[Femina Miss India|2012]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gurleen Grewal]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Miss International 2012 delegates}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Rochelle}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Female models from Chennai]]
[[Category:Female models from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Contestants on Indian game shows]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:Femina Miss India winners]]
[[Category:Miss International 2012 delegates]]
[[Category:Indian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Beauty pageant contestants from Chennai]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian people]]

Kumari 21F

2026-03-03T17:47:52Z

Davidwez: added first bio initial version...

{{short description|2015 film by Palnati Surya Pratap}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kumari 21F
| image = Kumari 21F poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Palnati Surya Pratap]]
| writer = [[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]]
| producer = Bandreddi Vijay Prasad
| starring = [[Raj Tarun]] [[Hebah Patel]]
| cinematography = [[R. Rathnavelu]]
| editing = Amar Reddy
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| studio = [[Sukumar Writings]] P. A. Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|2015|11|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 135 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR}}6{{ndash}}15 crore{{efn||name="budget"}}
| gross = {{INR}}38 crore{{cn needed|date=September 2025}}
}}

'''''Kumari 21F''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written by [[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]] and directed by [[Palnati Surya Pratap]]. Produced by Bandreddi Vijay Prasad, the film stars [[Raj Tarun]] and [[Hebah Patel]]. ''Kumari 21F'' focuses on a romantic relationship between Siddhu, a chef and Kumari, a struggling model.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2017 |title=Copycats in Tollywood |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003064859/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The film marks the debut of Sukumar, a director and screenwriter in [[Telugu cinema]], as a producer. The film was produced on a budget of {{INR}}6{{ndash}}15 [[crore]]. Sukumar took inspiration from his youthful college days in [[Razole, East Godavari district|Razole]], where a young woman went to a picnic with some young men; a major undertaking for a woman at that time, which earned her the undeserved label of a "loose" character.

[[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the film's background score and music and [[R. Rathnavelu]] was the director of photography. Neither Prasad nor Rathnavelu charged any remuneration for the film. [[Principal photography]] commenced in December 2014 and was finished in 70 working days; according to Rathnavelu, lighting played a key role during the filming process and [[Night photography|digital low lighting photography]] techniques were used.

''Kumari 21F'' was released worldwide in theatres on 19 November 2015 in about 500 screens. It received mostly positive critical response; praise was directed towards the film's climax, performances (especially Hebah Patel), screenplay, cinematography and music. The film grossed {{INR}}38 crore and earned a distributor share of {{INR}}18 crore at the end of its run. It was declared a commercial success based on the return on distributor's investment of {{INR}}10 crore and became the twelfth highest grossing Telugu film of the year. The film was remade in [[Kannada]] language with [[Kumari 21F (2018 film)|the same title]] and released in 2018. The movie was reported to be loosely inspired by the 2004 French film ''[[Lila Says]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html | title=Copycats in Tollywood | date=30 January 2017 | access-date=3 February 2022 | archive-date=3 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003064859/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/300117/copycats-in-tollywood.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Plot ==
Siddhu is a chef leading a [[middle class]] life with his mother in K.G.B. colony. His father Ravikanth is accused of having an extra-marital affair that leads to the separation of his parents. Siddhu aims to be a chef on a cruise liner in Singapore and his financial status does not support him. His friends Shankar, Srinu and Suresh steal money from people who use the local [[Automated teller machine|ATM]]; they hide in some local ruins for three days and Siddhu cooks for them and provides liquor, receiving a share of the money in return.

Siddhu meets Kumari, a struggling model from Mumbai who has recently moved to the colony. They fall in love; Siddhu is often confused by Kumari's bold and daring attitude. His friends tell Siddhu is not Kumari's first boyfriend and she may have had past relationships. Siddhu grows suspicious about her virginity and Kumari realises this. She rejects his marriage proposal, saying he does not have the maturity to love her.

Siddhu tries to make Kumari jealous by romancing his neighbour Madhu, but his ploy fails. Kumari continues to love him unconditionally; her attitude confuses Siddhu. Siddhu's friends discover Kumari is actually Meena, a Mumbai-based model who was caught in a police raid at a brothel. She rejects their sexual advances, which angers them. Siddhu refuses to leave her, further angering the trio.

After an ATM robbery, the trio escapes and Srinu loses his cellphone; Kumari finds it and hands it to the police. The trio shelter in the ruins; when Siddhu meets them, Shankar reveals that Kumari is actually Meena and shares a video of a press meet issued by the Mumbai police that features her and others linked to a prostitution case. Kumari rejects Siddhu's advances that night; the following day, he discovers his father never had an extra-marital relationship and his mother misunderstood. To make sure Siddhu is happy, Kumari asks him to visit her that night to fulfill his desire.

The trio reach Kumari's house before Siddhu, sedate her with narcotics mixed with juice, and sexually assault her. Siddu arrives and finds the trio there. After chasing them away, he reads Kumari's letter that makes him recognise his immaturity. He starts rearranging everything to make sure Kumari is not aware of the assault. He sees blood stains on her saree and assumes she is a virgin. He removes the saree, washes away the stains, and puts it back. When Kumari gains consciousness, Siddhu tells her she fell asleep after the trio left and he was waiting for her. She is suspicious but Siddhu persuades her and proposes marriage her, to which she agrees.

The police arrests Siddhu and interrogates him to find the whereabouts of his friends, which he refuses to reveal. He is released from jail and marries Kumari. Three years later, Siddhu is running a kitchen in Hyderabad and the inspector plans to close the case because he could not find the trio. It is revealed that Siddhu has chained them in the ruins and has been feeding and torturing them for the past three years; they beg him to kill them, but Siddhu beats the trio after feeding them by saying that he is not mature enough to forgive them.

== Cast ==
{{Colbegin}}
*[[Raj Tarun]] as Siddhu
*[[Hebah Patel]] as Meena Kumari (Voice dubbed by Lipsika Bhashyam)
*[[Noel Sean]] as Shankar
*Naveen Neni as Photola Suresh
*[[Sudharshan]] as Sollu Srinu
*Bhanu Sri as Madhu
*[[Hema (actress)|Hema]] as Siddhu's mother
*Kamal as Ravi Kanth
*[[Thagubothu Ramesh]] as Yadagiri
*Giridhar as Narsing
*Aravind as Pawan Suresh
*Jogi Brothers as consultancy officers
*[[Satya Krishnan]] as a doctor
*Irfan as Satish
*Chanikya as Rakesh
*Sudha Reddy as Mala
*K. S. Raju as Stephen Paul
{{colend}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
{{multiple image

| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| footer = [[Devi Sri Prasad]] (''left'') and [[R. Rathnavelu]] (''right'') were signed as the film's music composer and director of photography. Neither of them charged remuneration for this film.<ref name="idlebrain1">{{cite web |title=Interview with R. Rathnavelu - Telugu cinema cinematographer |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rathnavelu.html |website=www.idlebrain.com |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125040811/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rathnavelu.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| width =

| image1 = Devi sri prasad.jpg
| width1 = 150
| alt1 =
| caption1 =


| image2 = Rathnavelu (cropped).JPG
| width2 = 155
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
}}
In October 2014, [[Sukumar (director)|Sukumar]] announced he would co-produce a film along with Bandreddi Vijay Prasad and Thomas Reddy under the banner P.A. Motion pictures. [[Palnati Surya Pratap]], who made his directorial debut with ''[[Current (2009 film)|Current]]'' (2009), was chosen to direct this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141028/entertainment-tollywood/article/sukumar-turns-producer|title=Sukumar turns a producer|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=28 October 2014|access-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111095055/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141028/entertainment-tollywood/article/sukumar-turns-producer|archive-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> Sukumar titled the film ''Kumari 21F'' because it is about a 21-year-old woman named Kumari. He said it is not a female-centric film and both the lead roles, for which [[Raj Tarun]] and [[Sheena Bajaj]] were chosen, would be equally important.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141115/entertainment-tollywood/article/sukumar-turns-producer|title=Sukumar turns producer|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=15 November 2014|access-date=12 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212165430/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141115/entertainment-tollywood/article/sukumar-turns-producer|archive-date=12 December 2014}}</ref> Tarun charged a remuneration of {{INR}}25 [[lakh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151206/entertainment-tollywood/article/raj-tharun%E2%80%99s-salary-now-rs-1-crore|title=Raj Tharun's salary is now Rs 1 Crore|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=6 December 2015|access-date=7 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207015228/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151206/entertainment-tollywood/article/raj-tharun%E2%80%99s-salary-now-rs-1-crore|archive-date=7 December 2015}}</ref>

Sukumar wrote the film's story and screenplay, taking inspiration from his college days in [[Razole, East Godavari district|Razole]] where a young woman went to a picnic with some young men; a major undertaking for a woman at the time. Rumours were spread and the woman was labelled as a "loose" character, which stayed in Sukumar's mind.<ref name="Sukumar int">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kumari-is-the-girl-most-of-us-know-Sukumar/articleshow/49872895.cms|title=Kumari is the girl most of us know: Sukumar|last=Jonnalagedda|first=Pranita|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 November 2015|access-date=22 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122160601/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kumari-is-the-girl-most-of-us-know-Sukumar/articleshow/49872895.cms|archive-date=22 November 2015}}</ref> He defined Kumari as an "honest and genuine human being who isn't afraid of expressing herself" and the "sort of girl most people would know", despite going overboard at times with her characterisation during the scripting stage.<ref name="Sukumar int"/> The climax of the film was said to have been inspired from the 2009 Argentinian thriller film ''[[The Secret in Their Eyes]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-23 |title=Kumari 21F combines Lila Says, The Secret In Their Eyes; Is Sukumar a copycat? |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/kumari-21f-cocktail-lila-says-secret-their-eyes-sukumar-copycat-656186 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=IBTimes |language=en}}</ref>

Sukumar's technicians [[Devi Sri Prasad]] and [[R. Rathnavelu]] were signed as the film's music composer and director of photography respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sukumar-to-produce-Raj-Taruns-next/articleshow/44961219.cms|title=Sukumar to produce Raj Tarun's next|work=The Times of India|date=28 October 2014|access-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111094732/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sukumar-to-produce-Raj-Taruns-next/articleshow/44961219.cms|archive-date=11 November 2014}}</ref> In an interview with Behindwoods in December 2014, Rathnavelu said the necessity of rejuvenating himself after ''[[Lingaa]]'' (2014), the film's script and his friendship with Sukumar were the reasons for choosing to work for this film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-cinematographer/r-rathnavelu/an-exclusive-interview-with-lingaas-cinematographer-rathnavelu-aka-randy.html|title=An exclusive interview with Lingaa's cinematographer Rathnavelu aka Randy|last=L. M.|first=Kaushik|website=Behindwoods|date=11 December 2014|access-date=11 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212015046/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-cinematographer/r-rathnavelu/an-exclusive-interview-with-lingaas-cinematographer-rathnavelu-aka-randy.html|archive-date=12 December 2014}}</ref> Neither Rathnavelu nor Prasad charged any remuneration for the film.<ref name="idlebrain1"/> [[Hebah Patel]] replaced Bajaj after the makers were impressed with her performance in ''[[Ala Ela]]'' (2014).<ref name="Dec release">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141222/entertainment-tollywood/article/heebah-patel%E2%80%99s-luck|title=Heebah Patel's luck|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=22 December 2014|access-date=23 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223074440/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/141222/entertainment-tollywood/article/heebah-patel%E2%80%99s-luck|archive-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> Patel went through many workshops for her role that occupied 80% of the screen space;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/favoured-by-lady-luck-hebah/article7861803.ece|title=Favoured by lady luck|last=Chowdary|first=Y. Sunita|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123142435/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/favoured-by-lady-luck-hebah/article7861803.ece|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> her voice was dubbed by Lipsika.<ref name="Rentala Jayadeva"/> Tarun did little preparation for his role because he felt it was "brilliantly conceived" and an extension of the roles he played in ''[[Uyyala Jampala]]'' (2013) and ''[[Cinema Choopistha Mava]]'' (2015).{{cn needed|date=September 2025}}

=== Filming ===
''Kumari 21F'' was produced on a budget of {{INR}}6{{mdash}}{{INR}}15 crore.{{efn|Film historian Rentala Jayadeva estimates the film's budget as {{INR}}6 crore.<ref name="Rentala Jayadeva">{{cite web|url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/requires-a-lot-of-maturity-292239|title=చాలా మెచ్యూరిటీ అవసరం..!|trans-title=Requires a lot of Maturity..!|last=Jayadeva|first=Rentala|language=te|work=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]]|date=20 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123140646/http://www.sakshi.com/news/family/requires-a-lot-of-maturity-292239|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> [[Sify]] estimates the film's budget as {{INR}}9 crore,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kumari-21-f-turns-out-to-be-a-hit-news-telugu-plxkJoijfhjde.html|title='Kumari 21 F' turns out to be a hit!|website=[[Sify]]|date=23 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144937/http://www.sify.com/movies/kumari-21-f-turns-out-to-be-a-hit-news-telugu-plxkJoijfhjde.html|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> |name="budget"}} The film's [[principal photography]] commenced in December 2014,<ref name="Dec release"/> and was finished in two-and-half month period.<ref name="Rentala Jayadeva"/> Initially, [[Krishna Nagar, Hyderabad|Krishna Nagar]], Hyderabad, was chosen as the film's backdrop. Rathnavelu felt they would create a noisy, crowded environment if shot there and chose to shoot in an isolated colony and in confined spaces.<ref name="Rathnavelu int">{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rathnavelu.html|title=Interview with R. Rathnavelu|publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]|date=24 November 2015|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125040811/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/rathnavelu.html|archive-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> 60% of the film was shot at the R&B colony in [[Malakpet]], Hyderabad. The song "Bang Bang Bangkok" was filmed in picturesque locales in [[Bangkok]], and was choreographed by Prasad.<ref name="Rentala Jayadeva"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151002/entertainment-tollywood/article/dsp-turns-choreographer|title=DSP turns choreographer|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=2 October 2015|access-date=23 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123145920/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151002/entertainment-tollywood/article/dsp-turns-choreographer|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> Prasad said he composed a few signature steps during the composition of the song, which Sukumar and Rathnavelu liked. They wanted him to choreograph the song.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prajasakti.com/MoviePage/Movies/1717542|title=ఇప్పటి వరకూ కాపీ కొట్టలేదు|trans-title=I did not copy anything till now|language=te|work=[[Prajasakti]]|date=23 November 2015|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125041604/http://www.prajasakti.com/MoviePage/Movies/1717542|archive-date=25 November 2015}}</ref>

According to Rathnavelu, lighting played a key role in ''Kumari 21F''. He shot the film with limited equipment and mostly used natural light.<ref name="Rathnavelu int"/> The experience he gained working on ''[[Haridas (2013 film)|Haridas]]'' (2013) helped him with this film; he used [[Night photography|Digital low lighting photography]] techniques, thereby using 80% of the generally required lighting. He found the climax sequences challenging to film because the emphasis was more on visuals rather than dialogue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/kumari-21-f-special-interview-at-ratnavelu-291998|title=నచ్చకపోతే...వెళ్లిపోతానన్నా!|trans-title=I said that i would leave...if i don't like it|language=te|work=Sakshi|date=20 November 2015|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125042748/http://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/kumari-21-f-special-interview-at-ratnavelu-291998|archive-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> Patel said of her experience during the filming of some intimate sequences, "There were so many people on the sets, so it was obviously uncomfortable. But then, I got myself mentally prepared for this kind of thing in a workshop I had undergone before the shoot. It also helped that I became good friends with Raj Tarun and that made things way less awkward". Tarun said he and Patel "put in a part of us into the characters to make the romance more believable".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tarun-and-Hebah-lock-lips-three-times-in-Kumari-21-F/articleshow/49818841.cms |title=Tarun and Hebah lock lips three times in Kumari 21 F |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranita |work=The Times of India |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123151305/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tarun-and-Hebah-lock-lips-three-times-in-Kumari-21-F/articleshow/49818841.cms |archive-date=23 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Kumari 21F (soundtrack)}}
The film's soundtrack featured five songs composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]], who also wrote lyrics for the song "Bang Bang Bangkok". [[Sri Mani]] and [[Anantha Sreeram]] respectively wrote the [[pallavi]] and [[charanam]]s for "Meghaalu Lekunna".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/pages/cinema_article?SID=167849|title=కుమారి అబద్దం చెబుతోందా..?|trans-title=Is Kumari lying..?|language=te|work=[[Andhra Jyothy]]|date=1 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124150731/http://www.andhrajyothy.com/pages/cinema_article?SID=167849|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> The remaining song were written by Ramanjaneyulu, [[Krishna Kanth]] and [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]. The soundtrack album was distributed by [[Aditya Music]] and released on 30 October 2015 at [[Shilpakala Vedika]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/kumari-21-f-original-motion/1054879631|title=Kumari 21 F (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) - EP|publisher=[[iTunes]]|date=30 October 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124161646/https://itunes.apple.com/in/album/kumari-21-f-original-motion/id1054879631|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Kumari 21F'' was released worldwide in theatres on 20 November 2015; its release clashed with those of ''Cheekati Raajyam'' (the Telugu version of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Thoongaa Vanam]]'') and the 24th [[James Bond in film|James Bond]] Hollywood film ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]''. ''Kumari 21F'' was released in 350 screens in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]], 50 screens in other parts of India, and 90 screens in international markets.<ref name="IBT release">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kumari-21f-box-office-prediction-raj-heebah-film-clash-cheekati-raajyam-spectre-655612|title='Kumari 21F' box office prediction: Raj-Heebah film to clash with 'Cheekati Raajyam', 'Spectre'|last=H. Hooli|first=Shekhar|work=International Business Times|date=19 November 2015|access-date=23 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123145051/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/kumari-21f-box-office-prediction-raj-heebah-film-clash-cheekati-raajyam-spectre-655612|archive-date=23 November 2015}}</ref> Abhishek Pictures acquired the theatrical distribution rights for the [[Guntur district|Guntur]], [[Krishna district|Krishna]], [[East Godavari district|East]], [[West Godavari district|West]] and [[Nellore district|Nellore]] areas.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} [[Dil Raju]] acquired the theatrical rights for the Nizam region.{{efn|For film trade purpose, the Nizam region includes the three districts of [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]], [[Bidar district|Bidar]], and [[Raichur district|Raichur]] in [[Karnataka]] and seven districts in the [[Marathwada]] region including [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]], [[Latur district|Latur]], [[Nanded district|Nanded]], [[Parbhani district|Parbhani]], [[Beed district|Beed]], [[Jalna district|Jalna]] and [[Osmanabad district|Osmanabad]] apart from the state of [[Telangana]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms|title=Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood|newspaper=The Times of India|date=31 July 2013|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-territory-will-remain-indispensable-for-Tollywood/articleshow/21499426.cms|archive-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>}} [[New York City]]-based company Creative Cinemas acquired the film's United States theatrical distribution rights, making it their debut in film distribution in the international market.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}}

The film was screened in 22 screens across [[Tamil Nadu]], including 12 in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/cinematographer-rathnavelu-randy-talks-about-the-success-of-kumari-21f.html|title=A 'mini-Baahubali' shaking the Telugu industry|last=L. M.|first=Kaushik|website=Behindwoods|date=23 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124101235/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-15/cinematographer-rathnavelu-randy-talks-about-the-success-of-kumari-21f.html|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> It received an "A" (Adults only) certificate from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]], which asked the makers to trim a lip-kissing sequence and mute several objectionable lines of dialogue, and suggested a few cuts.<ref name="Censor">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/kumari-21f-censor-report-telugu-news-146846.html|title=Kumari 21F Censor Report|website=IndiaGlitz|date=15 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124100342/http://www.indiaglitz.com/kumari-21f-censor-report-telugu-news-146846.html|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> Regarding the Board's decision against unrestricted viewing, Sukumar said, "Even a father was once a young boy. I think this story gives him the space to both identify with his feelings as a young man and to understand what his son or daughter might be going through".<ref name="Sukumar int"/>

=== Marketing ===
One of the first-look posters released in October 2015 was alleged to have been plagiarised from the Russian magazine ''Chai-llot''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150914/entertainment-tollywood/article/copycat-spree-continues|title=Copycat spree continues|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=14 September 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124164051/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150914/entertainment-tollywood/article/copycat-spree-continues|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> After the film's first-look teaser was released by [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], the makers announced a [[dubsmash]] challenge. Interested female participants were asked to search for an audio clip uploaded by the film's team and upload it on their Facebook pages. They were asked to e-mail the link or send a message on Facebook. The first 500 participants won invitations to the soundtrack launch event and 21 participants with most likes on their videos shared the stage with the film's cast and crew at the event. One winner was crowned "Kumari 21F" and received a special gift.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Kumari-21Fs-unique-dubsmash-challenge/articleshow/49454008.cms|title=Kumari 21F's unique dubsmash challenge|work=The Times of India|date=19 October 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124164822/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Kumari-21Fs-unique-dubsmash-challenge/articleshow/49454008.cms|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Critical reception ===
Karthik Keramalu of [[CNN-IBN]] gave ''Kumari 21F'' 3.5 stars out of 5 and called it a "surprisingly good" film, adding, "The emotions of the leads are true and it rightly says that at the end of the day trust is all that matters and nothing else comes into the picture".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/kumari-21f-review-the-film-is-surprisingly-good-though-it-takes-time-to-settle-down-1166932.html|title='Kumari 21F' review: The film is surprisingly good though it takes time to settle down|last=Keramalu|first=Karthik|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|date=21 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124135803/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/kumari-21f-review-the-film-is-surprisingly-good-though-it-takes-time-to-settle-down-1166932.html|archive-date=24 November 2015}} {{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> [[Sify]] gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and called it a "coming-of-age story told in bold manner with an unusual climax", and praised the film's music and cinematography.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/kumari-21f-review--pluqWeaggehbd.html|title=Review : Kumari 21F|website=[[Sify]]|date=20 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124140506/http://www.sify.com/movies/kumari-21f-review--pluqWeaggehbd.html|archive-date=24 November 2015}} {{rating|3|5}}</ref> Siddharth Rao of ''The Times of India'' also gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and stated, "In an industry where a damsel-in-distress-wooed-and-saved-by-an-angry-young-man is the norm, this is a refreshing film which provokes some thought". Rao also said, "The best part is the way that the film's climax is presented; the director Palnati Surya Pratap has definitely done a very mature job".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Kumari-21-F/movie-review/49862745.cms |title=Kumari 21 F Movie Review |last=Rao |first=Siddharth |work=The Times of India |date=20 November 2015 |access-date=24 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124141556/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Kumari-21-F/movie-review/49862745.cms |archive-date=24 November 2015 |url-status=dead }} {{rating|3|5}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' also gave the film 3 stars out of 5 and stated, "Sukumar popularly known as a creative director in the industry, has once again come out with an unusual story. The film may disappoint normal audience but it will surely entertain the youth audience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-11-20/Kumari-21F-Review-rating-This-Kumari-connects-to-youth-187760|title=Kumari 21F Review, rating: This Kumari connects to youth|work=[[The Hans India]]|date=20 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124142431/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-11-20/Kumari-21F-Review-rating-This-Kumari-connects-to-youth-187760|archive-date=24 November 2015}} {{rating|3|5}}</ref> Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave the film 3 stars out of 5, called it a "[b]old and beautiful" one and praised the performances and the film's climax.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98kumari-21f%E2%80%99-bold-and-beautiful|title=Movie review 'Kumari 21F': Bold and beautiful!|last=Kavirayani|first=Suresh|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=21 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124141130/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98kumari-21f%E2%80%99-bold-and-beautiful|archive-date=24 November 2015}} {{rating|3|5}}</ref> Giving 2.75 stars out of 5, Behindwoods also called the film "[b]old and beautiful" and stated, "''Kumari 21F'' starts off as a feel good romantic film, shifts gears slowly and gets very intense towards the end ... Sukumar must be credited for having given us a memorable character that would be talked about for years. You don’t find such bold female characters in Telugu cinema often."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/kumari-21f/kumari-21f-review.html|title=Kumari 21F (aka) Kumari 21 F review|website=Behindwoods|date=24 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124172659/http://behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/kumari-21f/kumari-21f-review.html|archive-date=24 November 2015}} {{rating|3|5|2.75/5 stars}}</ref>

Y. Sunita Chowdary of ''The Hindu'' called the film "regressive and cliched", and stated, "It's not enough if a canvas boasts of the biggest names in the industry, the content should be simple and progressive". She called the performances "strong and authentic".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kumari-21f-regressive-and-cliched/article7900251.ece|title=Kumari 21F: Regressive and cliched|last=Chowdary|first=Y. Sunita|work=The Hindu|date=21 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124143542/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/kumari-21f-regressive-and-cliched/article7900251.ece|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref> A. Harini Prasad of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' called ''Kumari 21F'' a "Lacklustre Love Story" and stated, "Though the basic theme is enticing, the story-telling fails to impress. Raj Tharun’s performance and the climax, which is gripping, are probably the only things that could drive you to the theaters".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Kumari-21F-Review-A-Lacklustre-Love-Story/2015/11/21/article3138521.ece|title=Kumari 21F Review: A Lacklustre Love Story|last=Prasad|first=A. Harini|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=21 November 2015|access-date=24 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124143916/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Kumari-21F-Review-A-Lacklustre-Love-Story/2015/11/21/article3138521.ece|archive-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Kumari 21F'' debuted with an average occupancy of 80% globally; it grossed more than {{INR}}3 crore with a distributor share of more than {{INR}}2 crore, out of which approximately {{INR}}56,69,014 was collected from Guntur, Krishna, East, West and Nellore areas. It collected US$27,153 from 80 screens in the US on the first day.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} In its first weekend, ''Kumari 21F'' grossed {{INR}}8.5 crore with a distributor share of {{INR}}5.5 crore at the AP/Nizam box office. According to trade analyst [[Taran Adarsh]], it grossed US$149,752 ({{INR}}99 lakh) in its first weekend at the North American box office.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} The first weekend global gross and share figures stood at {{INR}}10.58 crore and {{INR}}6.34 crore respectively.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} It collected US$188,457 ({{INR}}1.25 crore) at the US box office in its first weekend, becoming one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the year there.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}}

In ten days, ''Kumari 21F'' grossed {{INR}}17.4 crore and collected a distributor share of {{INR}}10.66 crore at the AP/Nizam box office. It grossed {{INR}}2.3 crore with a distributor share of {{INR}}85 lakh at the [[Karnataka]] box office. The ten-day global gross figure stood at {{INR}}21 crore and ''Kumari 21F'' was declared a profitable venture.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} After losing screens to ''[[Size Zero (film)|Size Zero]]'' and ''[[Shankaraabharanam (2015 film)|Shankaraabharanam]]'', ''Kumari 21F'' collected US$3,190 from eight screens in the US and its 17-day total stood at US$252,151 ({{INR}}1.68 crore).{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} Its US screen count was reduced to four in its fourth week and the 24-day US revenue was US$253,961 ({{INR}}1.7 crore).{{cn needed|date=September 2025}} With this, ''Kumari 21F'' secured the tenth position in the list of the ten highest-grossing Telugu films of the year at the US box office.{{cn needed|date=September 2025}}

In its lifetime, ''Kumari 21F'' grossed {{INR}}38 crore and earned a distributor share of {{INR}}18 crore worldwide. It was declared a commercial success based on the return on distributor's investment of {{INR}}10 crore and became the 12th highest grossing Telugu film of the year.<ref name="final gross">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-kumari-21f-top-20-highest-grossing-telugu-tollywood-movies-2015-662060|title=Baahubali to Kumari 21F: Top 20 highest-grossing Telugu/Tollywood movies of 2015|last=H. Hooli|first=Shekhar|work=International Business Times India|date=5 January 2016|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105145832/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/baahubali-kumari-21f-top-20-highest-grossing-telugu-tollywood-movies-2015-662060|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref>

==Remake==
''Kumari 21F'' was remade in [[Kannada]] with [[Kumari 21F (2018 film)|the same title]] by debutant director Sriram Vemula, with Pranaam Devaraj and Nidhi Kushalappa. Sukumar co-produced the Kannada version.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kumari-21f-to-be-remade-in-kannada-1287600.html |title=Kumari 21F to be remade in Kannada |date=31 August 2016 |website=[[News18]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126130402/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kumari-21f-to-be-remade-in-kannada-1287600.html |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=26 November 2018 }}</ref> The remake film in Kannada language was released in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kumari-21f/movie-review/65244764.cms |title=Kumari 21F Movie Review |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=2 August 2018 |website=The Times of India |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181126130253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/kumari-21f/movie-review/65244764.cms |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=26 November 2018 }}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5177824|Kumari 21F}}

{{Sukumar (director)}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films about virginity]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2015 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:2015 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2010s coming-of-age drama films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language romantic drama films]]

Sarpa Satra

2026-03-01T09:01:58Z

Davidwez: update

{{short description|Sacrifice described in Hindu scriptures}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{primary sources|date=August 2015}}
[[File:Snakesacrifice.jpg|thumb|The snake sacrifice of Janamejaya, as [[Astika (Hinduism)|Astika]] tries to stop it. ]]
According to legend, '''Sarpa Satra''' or '''Snake sacrifice''' was a [[yagna]] performed by King [[Janamejaya II|Janamejaya]] of the [[Kuru kingdom]] who had ascended to the throne of [[Hastinapura]] upon the death of his father [[Parikshit]]. The legend states that Parikshit, the lone descendant of the House of [[Pandu]], son of [[Abhimanyu]] and grand son of [[Arjuna]] of the [[Mahabharata]] fame, had died of snakebite. He had been cursed by a sage to die so, the curse having been consummated by the serpent-chieftain [[Takshaka]]. Janamejaya bore a deep grudge against the serpents for this act, and thus decided to wipe them out altogether. He attempted this by performing a great ''Sarpa Satra'' – a sacrifice that would destroy all living serpents. At that time, a learned sage named [[Astika (mythology)|Astika]], a boy in age, came and intervened to stop the yagna; Astika's mother [[manasa]] was a Naga and father was [[Jaratkaru]] a saintly [[Brahmin]]. Janamejaya had to listen to the words of the learned Astika and set Takshaka free. He also stopped the massacre of the snakes (Nagas) and ended all the enmity with them. From then onward the snakes (Nagas) and [[Kuru Kingdom|Kurus]] lived in peace.

==Background==
The earliest background to this revengeful act of the snake sacrifice or Sarpa satra to kill snakes is traced to [[Arjuna]], grandfather of [[Parikshit]] and great grandfather of [[Janamejaya]]. He had caused the death of the wife of the snake chieftain [[Takshaka]] and millions of other snakes by setting the forests of Khandava on fire to establish the kingdom of the [[Pandavas]] at [[Indraprastha]].{{Sfn|Mani|1975|pp=572, 817}}<ref name= Ramnarayan>{{Cite web|last= Ramnarayan|first= Gowri|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lr/2004/09/05/stories/2004090500230300.htm|title=The bhakti poet of our times|access-date=8 May 2015|work= [[The Hindu]]|date=5 September 2004}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

According to the Mahabharata legend, snakes were cursed by their mother [[Kadru]] when they refused to obey her request to cheat by turning the tail of the white horse [[Uchchaihshravas]] to a black colour to win a bet against her sister and cowife [[Vinata]]. Then her sons led by [[Vasuki]] held deliberations on the way to stop the snake sacrifice or Sarpa Satra yagna that may be initiated by Janamejaya to kill the race.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01038.htm|title=Section XXXVII(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Takshaka was also one of Kadru's sons who had opposed his mother's request. He had been thrown out of the house by his mother. He then moved out to form his own band of snakes.{{Sfn|Mani|1975|p=782}}

[[Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms#E|Elapatra]] who was one of the son of Kadru listening to the discussions held by the snakes and the comments made by Vasuki told them that nobody could prevent the sacrifice from being held by Janamejaya as it was ordained by gods to eliminate the evil snakes which had multiplied in number, and by their unchecked biting and killing of people were the cause of misery to people in the world. But the noble snakes would, however, be saved by the intervention of sage Jaratkaru's son Astika. He also told the snake king Vasuki and others that that was the reason for the gods not interfering when Kadru cursed her sons to be destroyed in the Sarpa Satra yagna. Elapatra also informed that [[Brahma]] had willed that Jaratkaru, the noble and learned saint would marry the sister of Vasuki whose name was also Jaratkaru and the son born to them, who would be known as Astika, would stop the Sarapa Satra yagna.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01039.htm|title=Section XXXVIII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Vasuki and the other snakes, there after paid close attention to the movements of the sage Jaratkaru who was roaming in the forests. They were advised to note any utterance of the saint seeking a bride for himself to marry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01040.htm|title=Section XXXIX(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

As the sage Jaratkaru was busy with his ascetic penances, Parikshit, the king of the Kuru Dynasty who was on a hunting spree in the forests, was thirsty and came across sage Samika sitting in deep penance. Parikshit asked him for water but the sage did not respond as he was in deep meditation. But the king was annoyed and he killed a snake with a stick and in a rage put the dead snake around the neck of the sage. The sage did not show any emotion nor did he curse the king. Parikshit seeing the sage in that state repented for his act and returned to his kingdom. Then the sage's son [[Sringin]], who saw a dead snake around his father's neck, was deeply disturbed and raged against his colleague, Krisa, for taking it as a joke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01041.htm|title=Section XXXX(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

Krisa informed his friend that Parikshit, the son of Abhimanyu, who was on a hunting expedition in the forest had perpetrated this act. Hearing this Sringin cursed that Parikshit would die of snake bite inflicted by the chief of snakes, Takshaka, within seven nights. He then informed his ascetic father of the curse that he had given to Parikshit. The sage, Samika, was displeased with the curse and told his son Sringin that it was improper to curse a noble king who was the protector of all, particularly when the king had acted out of impulse as he was thirsty and was seeking water from him. But his son stood by his curse. However, sage Samika sent one of his disciples, Gaurmukha, to inform the king Parikhsit of the curse of his son, though he himself was opposed to it. Parikhsit became repentant for his act of hurting the sentiments of a noble sage but was not disturbed to hear about his death by snakebite. The king then took all protective action to save himself of any snake bite and in consultation with his ministers securely confined himself. On the seventh day, when the chief of snakes Takshaka was going towards Hastinapur to kill Parikshit, the learned sage Kashyapa who had heard the story of the curse on the king was also on his way to save the king of the snakebite. Takshaka met him on the way and told him that nothing could prevent him in killing the king and that no body could even save him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01042.htm|title=Section XLI(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> He then challenged Kashyapa by totally burning a banyan tree to ashes with his poison and asking the sage to revive it. Kashyapa revived the tree and Takshaka realised that Kashyapa could be lured by riches of gold and other gifts. Kashyapa by his deep thoughts also perceived that Parikshit's life span had come to an end and that he would not live further. He then accepted the gifts offered by Takshaka and went away.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01043.htm|title=Section XLII(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Then Takshaka went to [[Hastinapur]] in the disguise of a Brahmin and realising that the king was protected by spells, decided to approach the king by deceit. He sent an emissary with a plate of fruits, [[Kusa grass]] and water to be offered to the king which was accepted by the king. As the evening sun had set on the seventh day, the king decided to eat the fruit thinking that his hour of death was stalled. He found an insect in the fruit and picked it up and placed it on his neck saying that if it was Takshaka the snake let it bite him. It was truly Takshaka in the disguise of an insect who then appeared in his true form, coiled himself around the neck of the king, bit the king and killed him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01044.htm|title=Section XLIII(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

The last rites of the king were performed by a Brahmin priest as the King's son was a minor. The minor son was appointed the king and given the name Janamejaya meaning "the slayer of all enemies." Janamejaya ruled the Kuru empire of his great grandfather [[Yudhisthira]]. He ruled the kingdom wisely and heroically like a monarch. He married [[Vapushtama]], the daughter of king of [[Varanasi]] (Kashi).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01045.htm|title=Section XLIV(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

During this period, Jaratkaru who was roaming around the forest met a group of manes, who were his ancestors and who were hanging upside down waiting for salvation to go to heaven. They informed Jaratkaru that their only descendant was Jaratkaru and if he gets married and begets a son then only they would be relieved of their present state and then go heaven.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01046.htm|title=Section XLV(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Jaratkaru revealed his identity to the manes and requested them to tell him the way he could help them. They then told him to get married and beget a son. He promised to act on their advice and then roamed around the forest seeking a bride. He addressed the forest space, nobody in particular, to find a father who could offer his daughter whom he could marry. Vasuki, who was waiting to hear such an utterance from Jaratkaru, was informed of the pleading of Jaratkaru. Vasuki then came forward and offered his sister named Manasa (also called by the name Jaratkaru in some texts)<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01047.htm |title=Section XLVI(Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> to Jaratkaru to marry. Vasuki also promised the sage that he would maintain his sister for all time as he had brought her up only to marry him. Hearing this Jaratkaru agreed to marry Vasuki's sister and moved to stay in the house of Vasuki, where he was provided with suitable accommodation to live with his wife. He took a promise from his wife that she would do nothing which will hurt him or upset his daily chores and in case she does not follow his injunctions he would then desert her. On one particular day, when he was tired, he slept on his wife's lap. As he was sleeping soundly she did not wake him up for his evening prayers. As the sun was about to set his wife Jaratkaru, preferring to invite his wrath than prevent him from performing his religious rites, whispered to her husband and woke him up and told him to perform his evening's religious rites as the twilight was setting on the west. The sage arose and became very furious for not waking him up in time and told his wife that the time had now come for him to leave her. She then pleaded with the sage to bestow her with a child as she was married to him by her relatives only for this purpose, to overcome the curse of their mother Kadru. He then made her conceive and told her that the son who would be born would be 'highly virtuous, and a master of the Vedas and their branches'. He then left her and retired to the forest to do penance.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01048.htm|title=Section XLVII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

Vasuki, who was informed by his sister of what had transpired with her husband, told her that it would be better to await the birth of her child who will benefit their race than go in pursuit of her husband and invite his wrath. Soon a son was born to her under the care of her brother and other snake relatives, whom they named Astika, meaning "whoever is" as his father Jaratkaru had uttered "There is" when he was in his mother's womb. Astika, right from the young age, showed celestial features. He was brought up in the house of Vasuki, his uncle. He became proficient in Vedic scriptures, and was taught by sage [[Chyavana]], son of [[Maharishi Bhrigu]]. He was rigid in his habits without any indulgences and was saintly.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01049.htm|title=Section XLVIII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

== Snake sacrifice ==
[[File:Sarpayaga from Razmnama.jpg|thumb|Sarpayaga from Razmnama]]
When King Janamejaya wanted to know the reasons for his father Parikshit's death, details were made known by his council of Ministers.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01050.htm|title=Section XLIX (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> [[Uttanka]], one of the priests in the court of Janamejaya, who had also been cheated by Takshaka, gave a detailed account of Parikshit's death and urged Janamejaya to take revenge by holding the snake sacrifice.{{Sfn|Mani|1975|p=346}} Knowing these details, Janamajaya was deeply disturbed and vowed to avenge the death of his father.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01051.htm|title=Section L (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Janamejaya then decided to perform the snake sacrifice to destroy not only Takshaka, his enemy who had killed his father, but the entire race of snakes. The [[Ritwiks]] told him that such a sacrifice also finds mention in Puranic literature.

Then preparations were made to hold the snake sacrifice and a land was chosen for this purpose. A special platform was constructed at the site as per Vedic injunctions in consultation with the learned [[Brahmanas]]. However, there was one disturbing comment made by the builder of the platform, a [[Sūta|suta]], who said that the site chosen was not suitable and that the sacrifice would be left incomplete. Janamajeya, disturbed by this prediction, set up a strong security around the sacred platform and posted guards to prevent any outsiders from entering the premises of the yagna.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01052.htm|title=Section LI (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

As the snake sacrifice was begun by pouring clarified butter into the fire, in the presence of Janamejaya, by the Rithwicks, great saints and priests chanting appropriate hymns, snakes of all sizes and shapes started falling into the [[agni]] (fire).<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01053.htm
|title=Section LII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Takshaka, the main snake intended to be killed by the sacrifice, became scared and took shelter under [[Indra]] who promised to protect him, and told Takshaka not to be fearful. However, Vasuki, the king of snakes was perturbed by the development noting that his family of snakes was getting depleted drastically, leaving only a few, and also feared that he himself could be drawn into the fire. He then went in appeal to his sister Jaratkaru seeking the help of her son Astika who was born to help stop the sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01054.htm|title=Section LIII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

As Astika wanted to know the background to the issue, his mother narrated to him from the time of the curse of Kadru, her marriage to Jaratkaru and that the son born to her would relieve them of the curse of Kadru. Vasuki also appealed to his nephew to save the race of the snakes. Astika then promised that he would help to stop the snake sacrifice and then proceeded towards the place where the fire sacrifice was being held. He persuaded the gate keepers to allow him to enter the premises of the yagna where the king Janamejaya, the Ritwiks, and the Sadasyas were engaged in the grand snake sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01055.htm|title=Section LIV (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

On entering the place of the yagna platform Astika offered greetings to Janamejaya and extolled his virtues and achievements in glorious terms. He also extolled the Ritwiks and Sadasyas who were involved in performing the sacrifice.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01056.htm|title=Section LV (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref> Janamejaya, who was pleased with the way the young Astika addressed him and the assembled sages and Ritwicks with his erudite knowledge, asked Astika to seek a boon which he would definitely honour since he was a Brahmin. The Sadasyas also recommended that the young boy should be respected by the king and bestowed with boons; but the boon should be given only after Takshaka, the enemy of the king was dragged into the fire.

The Ritwicks were asked to intensify their chanting and fire offerings to draw Takshaka to the fire. The Ritwicks told Janamajeya that Takshaka was given shelter by Indra and hence were unable to draw him to the fire. This was also confirmed by Astika. Janamejaya ordered that Indra be dragged into the fire along with Takshaka. And the Hotris (priests) intensified their hymnal chantings and libations (fire offerings). Indra was dragged toward the fire and Takshaka was hiding in Indra's upper garment. As soon as Indra saw the fire sacrifice he was frightened and fled from the scene leaving Takshaka in mid air getting dragged towards the fire.<ref name=Text>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01057.htm
|title=Section LVI (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

In another version it is said that when only Indra appeared before them the Brahmins were furious and threatened Indra that he would be dragged into the sacrificial fire if he does not surrender Takshaka. But Indra drew his [[Vajra|thunderbolt]] weapon to hurl at the Brahmins. As he drew the thunderbolt Takshaka who was hiding behind Indra was exposed. Fearing for his life Indra then fled from the scene of the yagna.{{Sfn|Buck|2000|pp=12-14}} When the Hotris performing the yagna saw Takshaka hanging just above the fire they told Janamejaya to grant the promised boon to Astika. Then urged by Janamejaya, Astika asked the king to stop the fire sacrifice and that no more snakes should perish in the fire. Janamejaya appealed to Astika that he would give him all riches of gold, and other things but he should allow the fire sacrifice to continue. Astika did not relent and the Sadasyas assembled asked Janamejaya to grant Astika, the boon.<ref name=Text/> As the sacrifice continued the number of snakes that fell into the fire became countless, which were of all shapes and sizes and belonged to many races; Takshaka's children were all consumed to the fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01058.htm
|title=Section LVII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

As the fire sacrifice was in progress Takshsaka was held in mid air because Astika had said " 'Stay,' 'Stay,' 'Stay'" and his command was more powerful than the [[mantras]] uttered by the Hotris. The Sadasyas then repeatedly urged Janamejaya to stop the yagna. Finally, Janamejaya agreed to stop the sacrifice. Thus, Astika was successful in saving the life of Takshaka and the remaining serpent race. Janamejaya was extremely pleased with Astika{{why?|date=January 2025}} and wished him well as he returned home. He told Astika to join him as a Sadasya and participate in the great [[Ashvamedha|Horse-sacrifice]] which he proposed to hold in the future.<ref name=Section>{{Cite web|url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01059.htm|title=Section LVIII (Astika Parva continued) Mahabharata|publisher=Sacred texts.com}}</ref>

Thus the "complete extermination" of the snake race (Nagas) started by Janamejaya came to an end with the timely intervention of Astika who brokered peace between the Kurus and the snakes (Nagas).{{sfn|Pillai|1960|p=147}} The snakes which were saved celebrated the happy event, thanked Astika and asked him: "O learned one, what good shall we do unto thee? We have been very much gratified, having been all saved by thee. What shall we accomplish for thee, O child!" Astika told them that they should desist from causing harm to anyone during day or night. Any one narrating the story of Astika should have full immunity from snake bite and any snake disobeying this injunction shall have "his hood divided a hundredfold like the fruit of Sinsa tree". Janamejaya who felt happy with the outcome of the snake sacrifice rewarded the Ritwiks, the Sadasyas, [[Sūta|Suta]] [[Lohitaksha]] who had predicted about the stoppage of the yagna, and also all those who participated in the yagna.<ref name=Section/>

After the yagna was stopped [[Vaishampayana]] who was sitting beside [[Vedavyasa]], the author of Mahabharata, started narrating the epic story of Mahabharata to Janamejaya, where Astika and other Brahmins had also assembled at the venue.{{Sfn|Buck|2000|p=15}}

==In popular culture==
* Glimpses Animations (a unit of Crazons Creative Studios) created a 70-minute long animated movie on the whole series of events.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwki-PhaxV0YRmyl4KWiI_05p5gnoD7nt|title=Mahabharat - Astik Parva|publisher=Glimpses Animations}}</ref>

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |first=William|last= Buck |title=Ramayana |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4Wzg6wFJ5xwC&pg=PA138 |year=2000 |publisher=University of California Press| isbn=978-0-520-22703-3}}
*{{cite book|first=Vettam |last=Mani|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature|url=https://archive.org/stream/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft_djvu.txt|publisher = Motilal Banarsidass|year = 1975|location = Delhi|isbn = 0-8426-0822-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Pillai|first=Govinda Krishna|title=Traditional History of India: (a Digest)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I6sdAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Kitab Mahal}}
*{{cite book|last=Swami|first=Bhaktivejanyana |title=Ithihaasa: The Mystery of His Story Is My Story of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqHBvySDxEQC&pg=PA377|date=28 January 2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4772-4273-5}}
*{{cite book|last1=Taraphadāra|first1=Mamatājura Rahamāna |last2=Dhaka|first2=University of |title=Husain Shahi Bengal, 1494–1538 A.D.: A Socio-political Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nRuAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=University of Dhaka}}

{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Vedic animal sacrifice]]

Pingla (community development block)

2026-02-28T11:05:23Z

Davidwez: improved article

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pingla
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Pingla in Paschim Medinipur (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.27191|N|87.58568|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur district|Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 224.48
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 17
| population_total = 194,809
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721140 (Pingla)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03222
| registration_plate = WB 34
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 83.57%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ghatal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ghatal]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Pingla (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pingla]], [[Sabang (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sabang]]
| website = {{URL|paschimmedinipur.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Pingla''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Kharagpur subdivision]] of [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==

Pingla CD block is a flood-prone area affected by water-logging, leading to loss of crops. In this block, 100% of the cultivated area has highly productive [[alluvium|alluvial]] soil.<ref name="geography">{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = pages 4-5 (About Paschim Medinipur), page 26 (Predominant Soil), pages 265- 268 (Identification of Flood prone areas, Names of drought prone blocks) | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Pingla is located at {{coord|22.27191|N|87.58568|E|format=dms|}}.

Pingla CD block is bounded by [[Debra (community development block)|Debra]] CD block in the north, [[Panskura (community development block)|Panskura]] and [[Moyna (community development block)|Moyna]] CD blocks, in Purba Medinipur district, in the east, [[Sabang (community development block)|Sabang]] CD block in the south and [[Kharagpur II]] CD block in the west.

It is located 36 km from [[Midnapore]], the district headquarters.

Pingla CD block has an area of 224.48 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 142 gram sansads (village councils), 182 [[mouza]]s and 175 inhabited villages. [[Pingla#Police station|Pingla]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 September 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Pingla.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Pingla block/ panchayat samiti are: Kusumda, Jamna, Dhaneswarpur, Karkai, [[Maligram]], Khirai, Gobardhanpur, Pindrui, Jalchak-I, Jalchak-II.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Paschim Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 August 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Pingla CD block had a population of 194,809, all of it rural. There were 99,988 (51%) males and 94,821 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 22,719. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 16,428 (8.43%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 19,322 (9.92%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 3 May 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, Pingla block had a total population of 170,792, out of which 88,251 were males and 82,541 were females. Pingla block registered a population growth of 14.25 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 22 July 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.45 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Pingla CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Pingla (5,253), Khirai (6,427), Maligram (11,337), Pindrui (4,384), Dangalsa (5,190) and [[Jalchak]] (6,793).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Pingla CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Gobardhanpur (3,665), Karkai (3,113), Dhaneshwarpur Uttar Bar (539), [[Dhaneshwarpur Madhyabar]] (1,247), Dhaneshwarpur Jamua (152), Dhaneswarour Paikan Uttar Bar (697), Dhaneshwarpur Paikan Dakhin Bar (270), Dhaneshwarpur Paschim Bar (1,852), Jamna (3,336), Karkai (3,113) and [[Raj Ballabh]] (819).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in Pingla CD block was 143,882 (83.57% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 79,657 (90.22% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 64,165 (76.57% of the female population over 6 years). The gender gap in literacy rates was 13.65%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Paschim Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Pingla CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|85.61}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|14.29}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.10}}
}}

In the 2011 census Hindus formed 85.61% of the population in Pingla CD block. Muslims formed 14.29% of the population. Others formed 0.10% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 July 2016}}</ref> Christian and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 87.20% and Muslims 12.38% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Pingla CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 91.07 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 4.16 |color2 = darkturquoise
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 2.79 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 1.17 |color4 = green
|label5 = Others |value5 = 0.81 |color5 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 91.07% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 4.16% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.79% [[Hindi]] and 1.17% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==BPL families==
In Pingla CD block 50.51% families were living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2007.<ref name=bpl />

According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Paschim Medinipur: The 29 CD blocks of the district were classified into four categories based on the poverty ratio. Nayagram, Binpur II and Jamboni CD blocks have very high poverty levels (above 60%). Kharagpur I, Kharagpur II, Sankrail, Garhbeta II, Pingla and Mohanpur CD blocks have high levels of poverty (50-60%), Jhargram, Midnapore Sadar, Dantan I, Gopiballavpur II, Binpur I, Dantan II, Keshiari, Chandrakona I, Gopiballavpur I, Chandrakona II, Narayangarh, Keshpur, Ghatal, Sabang, Garhbeta I, Salboni, Debra and Garhbeta III CD blocks have moderate levels of poverty (25-50%) and Daspur II and Daspur I CD blocks have low levels of poverty (below 25%).<ref name=bpl>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page 177 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 8 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Economy==
===Infrastructure===
175 or 96% of mouzas in Pingla CD block were electrified by 31 March 2014.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 September 2020}}</ref>

175 mouzas in Pingla CD block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 113 fertiliser depots, 124 seed stores and 38 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Agriculture===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Pingla CD block'''
|value1 = 3.75
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 26.07
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 3.29
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 19.35
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 46.90
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Pingla CD block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 3.75%, patta (document) holders 26.70%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 3.29%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 19.35% and agricultural labourers 46.90%.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2005-06 the nett cropped area in Pingla CD block was 18,600 hectares out of the total geographical area of 21,948 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 18,377 hectares.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur | work = Table 2.4, Page 28 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The extension of irrigation has played a role in growth of the predominantly agricultural economy.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = Chapter V: Economic Livelihoods, pages 129-131 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Pingla CD block was 13,170 hectares, out of which 2,000 hectares were irrigated by tank water, 10,400 hectares by deep tubewells and 770 hectares by other methods.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013-14, Pingla CD block produced 36,526 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 17,429 hectares, 2,738 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,372 hectares, 44,560 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 14,225 hectares, 53 tonnes of wheat from 24 hectares, 14,027 tonnes of Jute from 983 hectares and 38 tonnes of potatoes from 2 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013-14, Pingla CD block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Pingla CD block has 24 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 11 km from the CD block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Education==
In 2013-14, Pingla CD block had 145 primary schools with 11,830 students, 6 middle schools with 400 students, 11 high schools with 6,371 students and 18 higher secondary schools with 18,935 students. Pingla CD block had 1 general college with 1,005 students, 1 technical / professional institutions with 100 students and 321 institutions for special and non-formal education with 12,373 students.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[United Nations Development Programme]] considers the combined primary and secondary enrolment ratio as the simple indicator of educational achievement of the children in the school going age. The infrastructure available is important. In Pingla CD block out of the total 145 primary schools in 2008-2009, 22 had pucca buildings, 64 partially pucca, 16 kucha and 43 multiple type.<ref name=humandev2>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Paschim Medinipur | work = May 2011. Page: 60 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 31 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170329040941/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Paschim%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 29 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya]] is a co-educational college established in 1965 at [[Maligram]]. Affiliated to [[Vidyasagar University]], it offers honours courses in Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, philosophy, political science, geography, education, physics, chemistry, mathematics and botany.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.collegeadmission.in/PinglaThanaMahavidyalaya/Pingla_Thana_Mahavidyalaya.shtml |title = Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya | publisher= PTM | access-date = 5 January 2017}}</ref>

==Culture==
The Pingla CD block has several heritage temples.
<gallery widths="210px" heights="150px">
File:Pancha Ratna Radha Krishna temple at Jalchak under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 01.jpg|'''[[Jalchak]]''': ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Ratna temple|Pancha ratna]]'' Radha Krishna temple (in picture) and ''pancha ratna'' Ram Chandra temple, built in 1817, both in perilous condition.

File:Pancha Ratna Laxmi Janardan Temple at Madhyabarh under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 01.jpg|'''[[Dhaneshwarpur Madhyabar]]''': ''Pancha ratna'' Laxmi Janardana temple, built in the 19th century, in ruinous condition.

File:Nabaratna Rameshwar Temple at Rajballabh under Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 11.jpg|'''[[Raj Ballabh]]''': ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Ratna temple|Nava ratna]]'' Rameswar temple in perilous condodition.
</gallery>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Pingla CD block had 1 rural hospital, 3 primary health centres and 1 private nursing home with total 57 beds and 10 doctors. It had 29 family welfare sub centres and 1 family welfare centre. 3,554 patients were treated indoor and 100,276 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Pingla Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Pingla]], is the major Government medical facility in the Pingla CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at: [[Jalchak]] (with 10 beds), Harma (PO Gobardhanpur) (with 6 beds) and Boalia (PO Dhaneswarpur) (with 6 beds)<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =1 September 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 1 September 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Paschim Medinipur district]]

All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen

2026-02-27T12:20:18Z

Davidwez: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|Political party in India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
|colourcode = {{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|party_name = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|party_logo = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen logo.svg
|symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|150px|kite]] Kite
|flag = AIMIM_FLAG.png
|president = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|loksabha_leader = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|leader = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|general_secretary= Vacant
|ppchairman = [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
|foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1927|11|12}} As Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen (MIM) 
|founder = Nawab [[Bahadur Yar Jung]]
Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar
|eci = [[List of political parties in India#State parties|State party]]
|alliance = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]] (2008–2012)
|AIMIM+[[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi|VBA]] (2019) ([[2019 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]])
|[[Bharatiya Tribal Party|BTP+]] (2021–2022) ([[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat]])
|GDA (2025) ([[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar]])
|[[Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha|BPM]] (2022) ([[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Uttar Pradesh]])
| [[Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam|People's Front]] (2021) ([[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]) |[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK+]] (2024) ([[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]])
|[[Bichda Dalit Muslim|PDM]] (2024) ([[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]])
}}
|loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|543|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
|rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
|state_seats_name = [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]] & [[Vidhan Parishad|State Legislative Councils]]
|state_seats =
{{hidden
|Indian states
|headerstyle=background:#00FF00
|style=text-align:center;| [[Telangana Legislative Council]]{{Composition bar|2|40|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|7|119|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|5|243|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|1|288|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
}}
|no_states = {{Composition bar|0|31|hex={{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}}
|membership = 1.07 Million (2017)
|ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|[[Conservatism]] ([[Conservatism in India|Indian]])<ref>{{cite news|title=Javed Akhtar vs Asaduddin Owaisi: They represent very different cultural spaces of the Indian Muslim|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=20 March 2016 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/javed-akhtar-vs-asaduddin-owaisi-they-represent-very-different-cultural-spaces-of-the-indian-muslim/articleshow/51475465.cms}}</ref>
|[[Constitutionalism]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/politics/rise-fall-of-aimim-and-why-asaduddin-owaisi-still-has-hope-from-his-party-and-indian-muslims/1659571/ |title=Rise & fall of AIMIM, and why Asaduddin Owaisi still has hope from his party and Indian Muslims |date=10 July 2023 |first=Sourav |last=Roy Barman |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
|[[Composite nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/will-fight-back-to-save-indias-composite-culture-constitution-asaduddin-owaisi-5748617/|title = Will fight back to save India's composite culture, Constitution: Asaduddin Owaisi|date = 26 May 2019}}</ref>
|[[Islam in India|Muslim]] [[minority rights]]<ref>{{cite web|title=In India, a vocal Muslim party expands its base|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/24/a-small-muslim-party-is-rising-in-india}}</ref>
|'''Faction:'''
|[[Dalit|Dalit rights]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/aimim-eyes-minorities-and-dalits-in-malda/cid/1804745|title=AIMIM eyes minorities and Dalits in Malda}}</ref>
}}
|colours = {{color box|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}}} [[Green]]
|headquarters = 5-5-59, Darussalam Rd, Darus Salam, Ghosha Mahal North, [[Nampally, Hyderabad]], India-500001
|website = {{Official URL}}
|position =[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mukherjee|last2=Saxena|last3=Mitra|first1=Pampa|first2=Rekha|first3=Subrata|author-link=|date=16 June 2022|access-date=20 July 2024|title=The 2019 Parliamentary Elections in India Democracy at the Crossroads?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CTZwEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Bharatiya+Lok+Dal%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT78|location=|publisher=Taylor and Francis |page=|isbn=9781000591057|quote="...and the All India Majlis-e-Ittihadul Muslimeen(AIMIM) in Hyderabad/Telangana, are all, by and large, centre-right political formations"}}</ref> to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/though-the-bjp-and-aimim-are-ideologically-apart-they-share-a-few-similarities-says-a-l-i-chougule|title=Though BJP and AIMIM are ideologically apart they share a few similarities}}</ref>
|abbreviation=AIMIM
|youth=Majlis Youth Brigade
}}

The '''All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen''' ({{lit|All India Council for Unity of Muslims}}; {{small|abbr.}} '''AIMIM''') or simply '''Majlis,''' is a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] Indian [[political party]] based primarily in the [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|old city]] of [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=How AIMIM Has Emerged As the Principal Challenger of the BJP, Not 'Secular' Parties|url=https://thewire.in/politics/aimim-asaduddin-owaisi-hindutva-bjp-challenge-secular|access-date=18 December 2020|website=The Wire}}</ref> It is also a significant [[political party]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian states]] of [[Telangana]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Sameer |date=3 January 2021 |title=Can AIMIM emerge as national party? |url=https://www.siasat.com/can-aimim-emerge-as-national-party-2059465/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>

AIMIM has held the [[Lok Sabha]] seats for the [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad constituency]] since 1984. In the [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]]s, the party won seven seats and received recognition as a "state party" by the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref name="aimimstatus">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/mim-gets-state-party-recognition/article6146744.ece |title=MIM gets State party recognition |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 June 2014}}</ref>

For much of its existence, it had little presence beyond [[Old City (Hyderabad, India)|old Hyderabad]]. However, in more recent years, it has begun expanding into other states. It now has a significant presence in Maharashtra, with [[Imtiyaz Jaleel]] winning the [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad Lok Sabha constituency]] in 2019 and with multiple members elected to the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]].<ref>
*{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/MIM-must-grow-beyond-Owaisis/articleshow/48737236.cms |title=MIM must grow beyond Owaisis |date=31 August 2015 |first1=Bappa |last1=Majumdar |newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}
*{{cite news |title='Outsider' MIM makes maiden entry into Maharashtra Assembly, MNS bubble bursts |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date=19 October 2014 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/outsider-mim-makes-maiden-entry-into-maharashtra-assembly-mns-bubble-bursts/|access-date=20 October 2014}}
*{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/Aurangabad-civic-polls-MIM-wins-26-seats-stuns-parties/articleshow/47034011.cms |title=Aurangabad civic polls: MIM wins 32 seats, stuns parties |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=24 April 2015}}
*{{citation|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|last2=Gayer|first2=Laurent|title=Muslims in Indian Cities : Trajectories of Marginalisation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ixrT-ldIWZMC&pg=PT143|date=1 December 2013|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5029-555-7|pages=143–}}
*{{cite news |author=Ajaz Ashraf |title=Hidden history of the Owaisis: What MIM doesn't want you to know |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/hidden-history-of-the-owaisis-what-mim-doesnt-want-you-to-know-1817267.html |newspaper=Firstpost |date=24 November 2014}}</ref> It has also made inroads in Bihar, winning five [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] seats in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 November 2020 |title=AIMIM bags 5 seats in Bihar: The rise and rise of Asaduddin Owaisi |work=[[Times Now]] |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/bihar/article/aimim-bags-5-seats-in-bihar-the-rise-and-rise-of-asaduddin-owaisi/680541|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="thewire">{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/love-and-hate-in-hyderabad-the-fiery-political-life-of-akbaruddin-owaisi|title=Love and Hate in Hyderabad: The Incendiary Political Life of Akbaruddin Owaisi|date=11 December 2018|access-date=4 November 2021|website=[[The Wire (India)]]|last=Alam|first=Mahtab|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207132314/https://thewire.in/politics/love-and-hate-in-hyderabad-the-fiery-political-life-of-akbaruddin-owaisi |archive-date=7 December 2018 }}</ref><ref name="WeP">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/case-against-waris-pathan-for-15-crore-muslims-comment-in-karnataka-2184469|title=Asaduddin Owaisi's Party Leader Charged For "15 Crore Muslims" Remark In Karnataka|date=23 February 2020|access-date=4 November 2021|website=[[NDTV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223212121/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/case-against-waris-pathan-for-15-crore-muslims-comment-in-karnataka-2184469 |archive-date=23 February 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Hindu">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/at-up-rally-owaisi-slams-sp-rld/article37273405.ece|title=At U.P. rally, Owaisi slams SP, RLD|date=31 October 2021|access-date=4 November 2021|website=[[The Hindu]]|last=Kumar|first=Anuj|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031172519/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/at-up-rally-owaisi-slams-sp-rld/article37273405.ece |archive-date=31 October 2021 }}</ref>

==Origins==
AIMIM was originally founded as '''Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen''' (MIM) in 1927 by Nawab [[Bahadur Yar Jung]], Nawab Mahmood Nawaz Khan Qiledar of [[Hyderabad State]] in the presence of Ulma-e-Mashaeqeen as a pro-[[Partition of India|partition]] party.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/telangana-polls-bjp-borrows-from-hyderabad-history-to-recast-pm-as-vallabhbhai-patel-paints-kcr-as-new-nizam-5194911.html |title=Telangana polls: BJP borrows from Hyderabad history to recast Modi as Vallabhbhai Patel, paints KCR as 'new Jinaah' |first1=TS |last1= Sudhir |date=17 September 2018 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref> The first meeting was held in the house of Nawaz Khan on 12 November 1927.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/right-and-wrong/statute-vs-sacred-owaisis-game-has-a-familiar-ring/|title=Statute vs sacred: Owaisi's game has a familiar ring |date=22 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |first1=Swapan |last1=Dasgupta }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/Polibelly/asaduddin-owaisis-remark-razakars-dont-say-bharat-mata-ki-jai/ |title=Asaduddin Owaisi's remark: Razakars say 'Bharat Mata Ki Jai' |first1=Rajesh |last1=Ramachandran|date=18 March 2016 |work=[[The Economic Times]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/200316/instigating-a-controversy.html |title=Instigating a controversy |first1=Ashok |last1=Malik |date=20 March 2016|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In 1938, [[Bahadur Yar Jung]] was elected president of the MIM. At that time it had only a cultural and religious manifesto. It soon acquired a political complexion. After the death of [[Bahadur Yar Jang]] in 1944, [[Qasim Rizvi]] was elected as its leader.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Sukumar |last=Muralidharan |title=Alternate Histories: Hyderabad 1948 Compels a Fresh Evaluation of the Theology of India's Independence and Partition |journal=[[History and Sociology of South Asia]] |year=2014 |volume=8 |number=2 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1177/2230807514524091|s2cid=153722788 }}</ref> The Indian government, after police action (named [[Annexation of Hyderabad|Operation Polo]]), merged Hyderabad state with India and arrested [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] including their leader [[Qasim Rizvi]]. He was released from jail in 1957 with condition that he will go to Pakistan.
[[File:Bahadur Yar Jung.jpg|left|thumb|Qaaid-e-Millat Nawab [[Bahadur Yar Jung]] led MIM from 1938 to 1944]]

In 1958, before he left for Pakistan, Razvi nominated Abdul Wahid Owaisi as his successor. Abdul Wahed Owaisi, a lawyer organised the party into the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/MIM-the-game-changer-in-2014-elections/articleshow/12385758.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009022459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-24/hyderabad/31233687_1_muslimeen-mim-sultan-salahuddin-owaisi |url-status=live |archive-date=9 October 2013 |title=MIM, the game changer in 2014 elections? |date= 24 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/majlis-sounds-election-bugle/article4469722.ece |title=Majlis sounds election bugle |work=The Hindu |date=2 March 2013 |access-date=19 April 2014 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Under his leadership, the AIMIM shifted from a hardline policy of independence to a pragmatic direction.<ref name="hindu">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/04/27/stories/2003042700081500.htm |title=Holding them captive? The grip of the Majlis-e-ittehadul Muslimeen on the community remains strong, despite minor dents |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030729181146/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/04/27/stories/2003042700081500.htm |archive-date=29 July 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=27 April 2003 |access-date=5 May 2012}}</ref> After Abdul Wahed Owaisi, his son [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]] took control of AIMIM in 1975 and was referred to as ''Salar-e-Millat'' (commander of the community).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120908043843/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-02-16/hyderabad/28346106_1_sultan-salahuddin-owaisi-mim-audio-cassette Songs in praise of Owaisi herald MIM's campaign – ''The Times of India'']. (16 February 2004). Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref><ref name="indianmuslims.info">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205927/http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2008/sep/29/mim_president_salahuddin_owaisi_passes_away.html MIM president Salahuddin Owaisi passes away {{!}} Indian Muslims]}}. Indianmuslims.info. Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref> AIMIM President, [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], his son claims that AIMIM is not the descendant of [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/telangana-elections/2018/nov/16/aimim-is-not-a-descendant-of-razakars-asaduddin-owaisi-1898917.html |title=AIMIM is not a descendant of Razakars: Asaduddin Owaisi}}</ref>

==In Indian politics==
===Telangana/Andhra Pradesh (Prior to Bifurcation)===
[[File:Abdul Wahid Owaisi.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Abdul Wahid Owaisi – Revived AIMIM in 1958]]
In 1960, AIMIM won the [[Mallepally]] ward of Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. In 1962, Salahuddin won from Patharghatti assembly seat as an independent candidate and later from [[Charminar (Assembly constituency)|Charminar]] constituency in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/telangana-polls-aimim-hyderabad-asaduddin-owais-9041785/|title=Telangana polls: In AIMIM's Old Hyderabad fortress, Owaisis sit pretty despite hiccups|date=25 November 2023 }}</ref> In 1972, he won from [[Yakutpura (Assembly constituency)|Yakutpura]] and later in 1978, again from [[Charminar Assembly constituency|Charminar]].<ref name=election1978>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4047-andhra-pradesh-1978/ |title=Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election, 1978 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 8 February 2023}}</ref> In 1984, Salahuddin emerged victorious in the [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|central seat of Hyderabad]], which he represented the seat until 2004.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120908043847/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-03-26/hyderabad/28324094_1_sultan-salahuddin-owaisi-mumtaz-ahmed-khan-mim-floor-leader Salar bids goodbye to elections]. ''The Times of India''. (26 March 2004). Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref><ref>[http://twocircles.net/2008sep29/mim_president_salahuddin_owaisi_passes_away.html MIM President Salahuddin Owaisi passes away] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408223140/http://twocircles.net/2008sep29/mim_president_salahuddin_owaisi_passes_away.html |date=8 April 2020 }}. TwoCircles.net. Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081003090009/http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/30/stories/2008093058670300.htm Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : A veteran of many battles]. The Hindu (30 September 2008). Retrieved 5 May 2012.</ref> [[Mohammad Majid Hussain]] of the AIMIM was unanimously elected as the Mayor of Greater Hyderabad on 2 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/andhra-pradesh/majid-hussain-is-the-new-mayor-of-greater-hyderabad-163210 |title=Majid Hussain is the new Mayor of Greater Hyderabad |publisher=NDTV.com |date=3 January 2012 |access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Asaduddin.jpg|right|thumb|230x230px|Current leader of the party [[Asaduddin Owaisi]].]]
In 1993, AIMIM suffered a split, with a faction led by [[Amanullah Khan (Indian politician)|Amanullah Khan]] creating the [[Majlis Bachao Tehreek]]. As a result, AIMIM was reduced to a single Assembly seat in Andhra Pradesh in 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/hyderabad/article1-14490.aspx |title=Hyderabad |work=Hindustan Time|date=4 April 2004 |access-date=5 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607123556/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/archives/hyderabad/article1-14490.aspx |archive-date=7 June 2014 }}</ref> They won four seats in 1999, and increased their total to seven in 2009, where they have remained since then. They joined the Congress-led [[United Progressive Alliance]] in 2008, but left it in 2012.<ref>
*{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/majlis-e-ittehadul-muslimeen-withdraws-support-to-andhra-pradesh-government-and-upa/articleshow/17201214.cms |title=Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen withdraws support to Andhra Pradesh government and UPA – Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=19 April 2014}}
*{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/majlis-e-ittehadul-muslimeen-withdraws-support-to-andhra-pradesh-government-and-upa/articleshow/17201214.cmshttp://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_mim-withdraws-support-to-upa-congress-in-andhra-pradesh_1763647 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126191104/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/majlis-e-ittehadul-muslimeen-withdraws-support-to-andhra-pradesh-government-and-upa/articleshow/17201214.cmshttp://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_mim-withdraws-support-to-upa-congress-in-andhra-pradesh_1763647 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen withdraws support to Andhra Pradesh government and UPA – Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=13 November 2012 |access-date=19 April 2014 }}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-ties-between-mim-and-congress-strained/20121112.htm|title=How ties between MIM and Congress strained|website=Rediff}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/mim-withdraws-support-to-congress-govt-in-andhra-pradesh-121256-2012-11-12|title=MIM withdraws support from Congress govt in Andhra Pradesh|first1=Amarnath K.|last1=Menon|date=12 November 2012|website=India Today}}
*{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/mim-withdraws-support-to-upa-kiran-government/article4090292.ece|title=MIM withdraws support to UPA, Kiran government|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 November 2012|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
AIMIM have seven MLAs, two MLCs, one MP, 67 Municipal Corporators and 70 Councillors in Telangana.

===Maharastra===

In the [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], the party won two seats from [[Aurangabad Central Assembly constituency|Aurangabad Central]], [[Imtiyaz Jaleel]] won and from [[Byculla Assembly constituency|Byculla]], [[Waris Pathan]] won.<ref>{{cite news|title=AIMIM's Waris Yousuf Pathan wins Byculla assembly constituency in Maharashtra's Assembly Elections 2014 Results|url=http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/AIMIMs-Waris-Yousuf-Pathan-wins-Byculla-assembly-constituency-in-Maharashtras-Assembly-Elections-2014-Results-95268.html|accessdate=13 December 2014|work=NewsWala.com|archive-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410161055/http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/AIMIMs-Waris-Yousuf-Pathan-wins-Byculla-assembly-constituency-in-Maharashtras-Assembly-Elections-2014-Results-95268.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2018, AIMIM allied with [[Prakash Ambedkar]]'s [[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/asaduddin-owaisi-prakash-ambedkar-vba-aimim-maharashtra-elections-2019|title=Asaduddin Owaisi's Dalit outreach and the relevance of Prakash Ambedkar's Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi|first=Neyaz|last=Farooquee|website=The Caravan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-aimim-aims-two-lok-sabha-seats-in-mumbai-2731869|title=AIMIM aims two Lok Sabha seats in Mumbai|first=Dhaval|last=Kulkarni|date=22 March 2019|website=DNA India}}</ref> AIMIM and VBA contested the [[2019 Lok Sabha election]]s in Maharashtra in an alliance. VBA contested 47 seats and did not win any and AIMIM contested one seat which [[Imtiyaz Jaleel]] and won the [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency)|Aurangabad seat]], winning a seat for AIMIM outside Hyderabad for the first time ever.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2019 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2019: Imtiaz Jaleel is AIMIM's lone victor from Maharashtra |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/lok-sabha-elections-2019-imtiaz-jaleel-is-aimim-s-lone-victor-from-maharashtra/story-66ZcvHwOXCO5w4V3JmXpqL.html |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Jaleel lost in [[2024 Lok Sabha election]].

In the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], the party won two new seats from [[Malegaon Central Assembly constituency|Malegaon Central]] [[Mohammed Ismail Abdul Khalique|Mufti Ismail]] and from [[Dhule City Assembly constituency|Dhule City]] [[Shah Faruk Anwar]].<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], the party won 1 seat from [[Malegaon Central Assembly constituency|Malegaon Central]] [[Mohammed Ismail Abdul Khalique|Mufti Ismail]].<ref name="election2019"/>

==== Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Elections ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| Election Year
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| Seats contested
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| Seats won
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| ± in seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| Remarks
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Aurangabad Municipal Corporation|Aurangabad Municipal Corporation Election]]
|-
| 2015 {{small|(Debut)}}
| 54
| {{Composition bar|26|113|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{increase}} 26
| <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 April 2015 |title=Owaisi's MIM wins 26 seats in Aurangabad civic poll, tears into Congress, NCP bastions |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/owaisis-mim-wins-26-seats-in-aurangabad-civic-poll-tears-into-congress-ncp-bastions/articleshow/47034066.cms |access-date=27 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| 55
| {{Composition bar|25|113|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{decrease}} 1
|
|-
|-
| [[2025–26 Maharashtra local elections|2026]]
| 20
| {{Composition bar|33|115|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{increase}} 8
|
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Amravati Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2017 {{small|(Debut)}}
|15
|{{Composition bar|10|87|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 10
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=24 February 2017 |title=BJP wins 45 seatsout of 87 in Amravati civic body |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/bjp-wins-45-seatsout-of-87-in-amravati-civic-body/articleshow/57320797.cms |access-date=27 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[2025–26 Maharashtra local elections|2026]]
| --
|{{Composition bar|12|87|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 2
|
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2017 {{small|(Debut)}}
| —
|{{Composition bar|2|227|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 2
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2017 |title=BMC Election Results 2017: Final tally out as Shiv Sena wins 84, BJP 82 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/bmc-election-results-2017-live-updates-shiv-sena-bjp-uddhav-thackeray-devendra-fadvanis-mumbai-polls/ |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2017 |title=BMC Election results 2017: Ward-wise full list of winners |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bmc-election-2017-here-is-the-final-list-of-winners-in-mumbai-civic-body-polls-3299420.html |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Dhule Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2013 {{small|(Debut)}}
|
|{{Composition bar|10|74|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 10
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2018
|
|{{Composition bar|4|74|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 December 2018 |title=AIMIM debuts Dhule Municipal Corporation with four seats |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/aimim-debuts-dhule-municipal-corporation-with-four-seats/articleshow/67028437.cms |access-date=27 October 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2017 {{small|(Debut)}}
| —
|{{Composition bar|1|162|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 1
|
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Solapur Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2012 {{small|(Debut)}}
|15
|{{Composition bar|9|113|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 9
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://marathi.abplive.com/maharashtra-municipal-elections/solapur |title=Solapur Municipal Election Results |newspaper=ABP Marathi|date=27 May 2012 |access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|15
|{{Composition bar|9|113|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{no change}} 0
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2017 |title=Maharashtra civic polls: Owaisi's AIMIM wins two seats in BMC, five in Solapur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-civic-polls-owaisis-aimim-wins-three-seats-in-bmc-five-in-solapur/ |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |[[Thane Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|2017 {{small|(Debut)}}
| —
|{{Composition bar|2|131|hex=#0C6B4B}}
|{{increase}} 2
|
|}

===Bihar===

Former RJD and JD(U) leader and [[Kochadhaman Assembly constituency|Kochadhaman]] MLA [[Akhtarul Iman]] joined AIMIM in 2015, he was made state president of the party in Bihar. Akhtarul Iman contested [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015 Bihar Assembly Elections]] from Kochadhaman seat on AIMIM ticket against seating JD(U) MLA and Mahagathbandhan Candidate Mujahid Alam. Iman's popularity in his home constituency could not win him election in 2015 due to strong favour of Muslims voters towards Mahagathbandhan candidates. State President [[Akhtarul Iman]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Akhtarul Iman aimim Candidate 2019 लोकसभा चुनाव परिणाम Kishanganj|url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/lok-sabha-elections/bihar/candidates/akhtarul-iman-all-india-majlis-e-ittehadul-muslimeen-2019-kishanganj-10-bihar|access-date=20 September 2021|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> contested from [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]] Lok Sabha on AIMIM ticket in the [[2019 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kishanganj Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live: Kishanganj Constituency Election Results, News, Candidates, Vote Paercentage|url=https://www.news18.com/lok-sabha-elections-2019/bihar/kishanganj-election-result-s04p10/|access-date=20 September 2021|website=News18}}</ref> In triangular contest among Akhtarul Iman, Congress candidate Dr. Jawaid Azad and JD(U) candidate Mahmood Ashraf, Dr. Jawaid Azad won the elections with a comfortable margin and Akhtarul Iman was at third position.

Later that year, [[Qamrul Hoda]] won the by-election from Kishanganj Assembly Constituency on the AIMIM ticket defeating Congress candidate Dr. Jawaid Azad's mother.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ACBYEOCT2019/ConstituencywiseS031.htm?ac=1 |title=By-election to Assembly constituency October 2019 |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> The seat was left vacant after Dr. Jawaid Azad's victory in the Lok Sabha election. Qamrul Huda is the first elected MLA of AIMIM in Bihar. He lost his seat in 2020 Assembly Elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Asaduddin Owaisi's AIMIM springs surprise in Bihar, wins Kishanganj assembly byelection|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/asaduddin-owaisis-aimim-springs-surprise-in-bihar-wins-kishanganj-assembly-byelection/articleshow/71738207.cms |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

AIMIM contested the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] as part of the [[Grand Democratic Secular Front]]. The party won five seats in the [[Seemanchal region]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khan|first=Fatima|date=10 November 2020|title=AIMIM wins 5 seats in Bihar, but hasn't made a big dent in Mahagathbandhan vote share|url=https://theprint.in/politics/aimim-set-to-bag-5-seats-in-bihar-but-hasnt-made-a-big-dent-in-mahagathbandhan-vote-share/541676/|access-date=20 September 2021|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> with Iman winning from [[Amour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amour]], Ruknuddin Ahmed from Baisi, Izhar Asfi from Kochdhaman, Anzar Nayeemi from Bahadurganj and Shahnawaz Alam from Jokihat.<ref>*{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Aimim win 5 seats in Bihar polls|work=Times now|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/bihar/article/aimim-bags-5-seats-in-bihar-the-rise-and-rise-of-asaduddin-owaisi/680541|access-date=}}
*{{Cite web|title=बिहार में 5 सीटें जीतने से गदगद है ओवैसी की पार्टी AIMIM, अब यूपी-बंगाल पर भी नजर|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/assembly-elections/bihar-election-2020/story-bihar-election-results-aimim-wins-five-seats-in-bihar-asaduddin-owaisi-eyes-on-uttar-pradesh-and-west-bengal-election-3623248.html|access-date=20 September 2021|website=Hindustan|date=11 November 2020 |language=hi}}
*{{Cite web|title=Bihar: What Worked in AIMIM's Favour in Five Assembly Seats of Seemanchal?|url=https://thewire.in/politics/mim-win-five-assembly-seats-seemanchal-bihar-elections-2020|access-date=20 September 2021|website=The Wire}}
*{{Cite web|title=Asaduddin Owaisi Party Aimim Won 5 Seats in Seemanchal Area of Bihar {{!}} बिहार चुनाव में ओवैसी की पार्टी AIMIM ने किया कमाल, 5 सीटों पर दर्ज की जीत|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/asaduddin-owaisi-party-aimim-won-5-seats-in-seemanchal-area-of-bihar/783714/amp|access-date=20 September 2021|website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2020 |title=बिहार चुनाव: AIMIM ने की 32 सीटों पर चुनाव लड़ने की घोषणा, किशनगंज का ज़िक्र नहीं |url=https://mainmedia.in/bihar-election-aimim-announces-to-contest-32-seats-kishanganj-not-mentioned/ |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=मैं मीडिया |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Party Division In Bihar ====
On 29 June 2022, 4 out of 5 AIMIM MLAs joined [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] in the presence of [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] leaving behind Amour MLA Akhtarul Iman as the only AIMIM MLA in Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2022 |title=कामयाबी के डेढ़ साल में ही सीमांचल में क्यों बिखर गई AIMIM? |url=https://mainmedia.in/why-did-aimim-disintegrate-in-seemanchal-after-one-and-half-years-of-succes/ |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=मैं मीडिया |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2022 |title=क्या अब सीमांचल में AIMIM का अंत हो जाएगा? |url=https://mainmedia.in/will-asaduddin-owaisi-aimim-vanish-from-seemanchal/ |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=मैं मीडिया |language=en-US}}</ref>

In an exclusive interview with [[Main Media]] after party break-up, Akhtarul Iman blamed Jokihat MLA for their action. He also claimed that every MLA was given huge sum of money in exchange for joining RJD.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2022 |title=Akhtarul Iman Interview: बिहार में AIMIM टूटने के बाद प्रदेश अध्यक्ष का इंटरव्यू |url=https://mainmedia.in/akhtarul-iman-interview-with-main-media-after-split-in-bihar-aimim-unit/ |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=मैं मीडिया |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Remergence ===
AIMIM won 5 seats in [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].

===Uttar Pradesh===
In the 2017 Uttar Pradesh Local Body elections, AIMIM secured victory in 32 seats. However, in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=29 July 2021|first1=Roushan|last1=Ali|title=Owaisi's AIMIM gearing for the big fight in Uttar Pradesh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/amim-gearing-for-the-big-fight-in-up/articleshow/84842273.cms|access-date=20 September 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> AIMIM faced a significant setback as the party did not win any of the 100 seats it contested. In several constituencies, AIMIM's presence had an impact on the distribution of votes among secular parties, indirectly contributing to BJP's success. however Bahujan Samaj Party contested 403 and only one seat, [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] contested 399 seats and won only 2 seat where Aam Admi Party contested 349 did not win any seats<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chauhan |first1=Arvind |title=Owaisi is another Jinnah, divides Muslims: Munnawar Rana|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/owaisi-is-another-jinnah-divides-muslims-munnawar-rana/articleshow/79195858.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |date=12 November 2021|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hassan |first1=Jakir |title=AIMIM Cuts Into SP Votes Helping BJP Win 165 Seats In UP Elections? No, Wrong Data Viral |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/fact-check/aimim-helped-bjp-to-win-165-seats-in-up-election-34489 |work=thelogicalindian.com |date=16 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eastmojo.com/tripura/2022/05/22/owaisi-is-bjps-paid-agent-claims-tripura-congress-sudip-roy-barman/ | title=Owaisi is BJP's paid agent, claims Tripura Congress' Sudip Roy Barman | date=22 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Owaisi slams both BJP and Congress, says AIMIM to contest on 100 seats in Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/aug/28/owaisi-slamsboth-bjp-and-congresssays-aimim-to-contest-on-100-seats-in-uttar-pradesh-2350768.html |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=The New Indian Express|date=28 August 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AIMIM to contest 100 seats in 2022 UP Assembly polls: Asaduddin Owaisi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aimim-contest-100-seats-2022-up-assembly-polls-asaduddin-owaisi-1820030-2021-06-27 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=India Today |date=27 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

On 31 March 2024 AIMIM and [[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal (K)]] announced an alliance in Uttar Pradesh for the Lok Sabha elections.

=== Gujarat ===

AIMIM made an impressive debut in the election for the [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation|Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]. They contested 21 seats and won 7. AIMIM panel won all seats in the Jamalpur and Maktampura Wards. All 7 seats AIMIM won came at the cost of Congress, these seats belonged to Congress since 2015. After a few days, AIMIM likely contested the Gujarat Municipality election, which he succeeded. The party won 9 seats in Modasa, eight in Godhra and two seats in Bharuch. Later, AIMIM wonthe Bharuch municipality ward no 10 by-election by 1,400 votes.

=== Karnataka ===
AIMIM won 4 corporator seats in the Karnataka Municipal Corporation elections: 3 in [[Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation|Hubli]] and 1 in [[Belagavi City Corporation|Belagavi]]. In the municipality elections, AIMIM secured 4 councillor seats: 2 in Bidar, 2 in Kolar, and 2 in Vijayapura Corporation.

=== Tamil Nadu ===
AIMIM opened its account in [[Tamil Nadu]] by winning two seats of the 16 wards it contested in Vaniyambadi municipal elections 2022. [[Tamil Nadu]] is the fourth state in south India after [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] to have AIMIM representation in municipal bodies.

=== Rajasthan ===
AIMIM contested in 10 seats in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Elections]]. The party has fielded candidates in [[Hawa Mahal Assembly constituency|Hawa Mahal]], [[Kishanpole Assembly constituency|Kishanpole]], [[Adarsh Nagar, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Adarsh Nagar]], Kaman, [[Kishangarh Bas Assembly constituency|Kishangarh Bas]], [[Baytoo Assembly constituency|Baytoo]], [[Makrana Assembly constituency|Makrana]], [[Fatehpur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]], [[Gangapur, Rajasthan Assembly constituency|Gangapur City]] and [[Sawai Madhopur Assembly constituency|Sawai Madhopur]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Nidhi |date=16 November 2023 |title=AIMIM enters Rajasthan fray |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aimim-enters-rajasthan-fray/articleshow/105242950.cms |access-date=2 December 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Electoral performance ==
=== General elections ===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |[[Lok Sabha]]
|-
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Election year
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Overall votes
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|% of overall vote
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Seats contested
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Seats won
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|+/– in seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Alliance
|- style="text-align:center"
![[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| 403,625
| 0.21%
|1
| 1
| 1 {{increase}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| 454,823
| 0.16%
|1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| 340,070
| 0.1%
|1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| 485,785
| 0.13%
|1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| 448,165
| 0.12%
| 1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| 378,854
| 0.1%
| 1
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 308,061
| 0.07%
| 1
| 1
| {{steady}}
| [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
|- style="text-align:center"
![[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| 685,730
| 0.12%
| 5
| 1
| {{steady}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| 1,201,542
| 0.20%
|3
| 2
| 1 {{increase}}
|
|- style="text-align:center"
![[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| 1,400,215
| 0.22%
| 15
| 1
| {{decrease}} 1
| [[Bichda Dalit Muslim|PDM]] in [[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
|}

=== State Assembly Elections ===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white" |Election Year
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white" | Overall votes
!! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| % of overall votes
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Seats contested
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"| Seats won
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|± in seats
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Alliance
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 571,757
| 1.99%
| 35
| {{Composition bar|4|294|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{increase}} 4
|
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| 216,838
| 0.7%
| 20
| {{Composition bar|1|294|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{decrease}} 3
|
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| 360,211
| 1.05%
| 5
| {{Composition bar|4|294|hex=#5BB30E}}
| {{increase}} 3
|
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| 375,165
| 1.05%
| 7
| {{Composition bar|4|294|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| 349,896
| 0.83%
| 8
| {{Composition bar|7|294|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{Increase}} 3
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 80,248
| 0.2%
| 6
| {{Composition bar|0|243|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| 523,279
| 1.24%
| 20
| {{Composition bar|5|243|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{Increase}} 5
| [[Grand Democratic Secular Front|GDSF]]
|-
| [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 930,504
| 1.85
| 25
| {{Composition bar|5|243|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
| GDA
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 93,313
| 0.29%
| 13
| {{Composition bar|0|182|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2019]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 173,980
| 1.16%
| 0
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|
| 0.11%
| 0
| {{Composition bar|0|81|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 489,614
| 0.93%
| 24
| {{Composition bar|2|288|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{Increase}} 2
|
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| 737,888
| 1.34%
| 44
| {{Composition bar|2|288|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| 550,902
| 0.85%
| 17
| {{Composition bar|1|288|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{Decrease}} 1
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly ]]
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 10,117
| 0.02%
| 2
| {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 3,134
| 0.01%
| 3
| {{Composition bar|0|234|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
| AMMK+
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]] {{small|(New State Assembly)}}
| 737,134
| 1.52%
| 35
| {{Composition bar|7|119|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{Increase}} 7
|
|-
| [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| 561,089
| 2.7%
| 8
| {{Composition bar|7|119|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| 519,379
| 2.22%
| 9
| {{Composition bar|7|119|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 204,142
| 0.24%
| 38
| {{Composition bar|0|403|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
| [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|450,929
|0.49%
| 95
| {{Composition bar|0|403|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
| [[Bhagidari Parivartan Morcha|BPM]]
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 1,687
| 0.03%
| 4
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 10,852
| 0.02%
| 6
| {{Composition bar|0|294|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="8" |[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]{{small|(Debut)}}
| 38,616
| 0.09%
| 4
| {{Composition bar|0|230|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="9" |[[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]]{{small|(Debut)}}
| 4,342
|
| 10
| {{Composition bar|0|200|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
! Style="background-color:lightgreen;color:white"! colspan="7" |[[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]] {{small|(Debut)}}
| 73,032
| 0.77%
| 2
| {{Composition bar|0|70|hex=#0C6B4B}}
| {{steady}}
|
|-
|}

==Leadership==
All State Presidents, National Spokespersons and important people of Majlis.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Portrait
!! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Name
!! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Party Post
!! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Legislature Post
!! Style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Ref.
|-
|[[File:Asaduddin Md.jpg|100px|center|Asad Owaisi]]
| '''[[Asaduddin Owaisi]]''' ||'''National President'''
| {{center|Member of Parliament [[Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency|Hyderabad]]}}
| <ref>{{cite web|title=Lakhs bid tearful adieu to Owaisi|url=https://rediff.com/news/2008/sep/30owaisi.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|
| Vacant
| '''General Secretary'''
| {{center|-}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2026 |title=Thousands Bid Farewell to Quadri |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/thousands-bid-farewell-to-quadri-1935047 |access-date=7 February 2026 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:WarisPathan.png|100px|center|Waris Pathan]]
| '''[[Waris Pathan]]'''
| '''National [[Spokesperson]]'''
| {{center|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Ex-MLA]] [[Byculla Assembly constituency|Byculla, Maharashtra]] }}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/030120/waris-pathan-named-aimim-national-spokesman.html|title=Waris Pathan named AIMIM national spokesman|date=3 January 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
|
| '''Syed Asim Waqar'''
| '''National [[Spokesperson]]'''
| None
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-aimim-claims-credit-for-setting-up-varsity-2589987|title=AIMIM national spokesperson Syed Asim Waqar claims credit for 'setting up' Murshidabad's first university |date= 2 March 2018|website=DNA India}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Akbaruddin Owaisi Picture.jpg|120px|center|Akbar Owaisi]]
| [[Akbaruddin Owaisi]]
|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Telangana Assembly]] Floor Leader
| {{center|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Chandrayangutta Assembly constituency|Chandrayangutta, Hyderabad]]}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Akbaruddin Owaisi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Akbaruddin-Owaisi|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
|
| Usman Ghani Humnabad
| [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka President]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/QYQ2ioMh9XBklfMOtR04ZO/Karnataka-polls-Asaduddin-Owaisis-AIMIM-to-back-Janata-Dal.html|title=Karnataka polls: Asaduddin Owaisi's AIMIM to back Janata Dal (Secular)|first=Sharan|last=Poovanna|date=16 April 2018|website=Livemint}}</ref>
|-
|
| Abdul Rahim Khan
| [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Tamil Nadu President]]
|
|
|-
|[[File:Sabir_Kabliwala.jpg|90px|center|Sabirbhai Kauliwala]]
| [[Sabirbhai Kabliwala|Sabirbhai Kabuliwala]]
| [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat President]]
| {{center|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Ex-MLA]] [[Jamalpur-Khadiya Assembly constituency|Jamalpur-Khadiya, Gujrat]] }}
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 January 2021|title=मजलिस गुजरात इकाई के प्रदेश अध्यक्ष बने काबरीवाला, स्थानीय निकाय चुनाव के लिए ओवैसी जी ने किया बड़ा कारनामा |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/state/gujarat/kabaraiwala-appointed-gujarat-aimim-state-president-491159.html|access-date=20 September 2021|website=TV9 Hindi|language=hindi}}</ref>
|-
|
| Jameel Ahmed Khan
| [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Rajasthan President]]
| {{center| --}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/live/5sf9nzJ9JNk?app=desktop | title=Jameel Ahmed Khan, President, AIMIM, Rajasthan Exclusive Interview #LiVe | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Imtiaz_Jaleel_Syed.jpg|120px|center|Imtiaz Jaleel]]
| [[Imtiyaz Jaleel]]
| [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra President]]
| {{center|Ex-Member of Parliament [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra Lok Sabha constituency|Aurangabad]] }}
| <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 July 2019|title=AIMIM appoints Imtiaz Jaleel as its state president for Maharashtra|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/aimim-imtiaz-jaleel-1566666-2019-07-11|access-date=20 September 2021|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:No-Photo-Available-240x300.jpg|120px|center|Mohseen Ali Khan]]
| Mohseen Ali Khan
| [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh President]]
| {{center| --}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-26 |title=Mohsin Ali Became The State President Of AIMIM |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/raisen/begumganj/news/mohsin-ali-became-the-state-president-of-aimim-136207866.html |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:No-Photo-Available-240x300.jpg|120px|center|Mohammad Shakir Ansari]]
| Mohammad Shakir Ansari
| [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|Jharkhand President]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2021|title=संगठन की मजबूती पर जोर: एमआईएमएम के प्रदेश अध्यक्ष का किया गया स्वागत|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/garhwa/news/state-president-of-mimm-was-welcomed-129243467.html|access-date=30 January 2022|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:No-Photo-Available-240x300.jpg|120px|center|Akhtarul Iman]]
| [[Akhtarul Iman]]
| [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar President]]
| {{center|[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[Amour Assembly constituency|Amour, Bihar]]}}
|
|-
|
| Dr. Shoib Jamai
| [[Delhi Legislative Assembly|Delhi President]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title= Dr. Shoib Jamai - Delhi State President of AIMIM|date=22 September 2017 |url=https://aimimdelhi.in/dr-shoib-jamai-delhi-state-president-of-aimim/}}</ref>
|-
|
| Shaukat Ali
| [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Uttar Pradesh President]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaukat Ali Official Website |url=https://shaukatali.in/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|
| Nayyer Kazmi
| [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Uttrakhand President]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rajyasameeksha.com/uttarakhand/9864-aimim-active-in-uttarakhand-nayyar-kazmi-becomes-state-president.html|title=अब उत्तराखंड पर असदुद्दीन ओवैसी की नज़र, 2022 के लिए एक्टिव हुई AIMIM|date=1 February 2020|website=rajyasameeksha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title=उत्तराखंड: हरिद्वार में दिखा ओवैसी का करिश्मा, जिला पंचायत चुनाव में AIMIM के दो प्रत्याशी जीते |url=https://www.aajtak.in/india/uttarakhand/story/asaduddin-owaisi-party-aimim-two-candidates-wins-in-uk-haridwar-district-election-ntc-1547007-2022-09-30 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>
|}

==Headquarters==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2025}}
The main party office is located within Darussalam, where [[Deccan College of Engineering and Technology]], Deccan School of Pharmacy, Deccan School of Planning and Architecture, and Deccan School of Management are also located. The [[Indian Etemaad]] Press Office is also situated adjacent to the engineering college. The open grounds on the campus are also used from time to time to organise political gatherings (termed as "jalsa") where the party leaders deliver speeches to public and media alike.

==List of National Presidents==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|No.
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Portrait
!rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}}
!colspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Term in office
|-
!style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Assumed office
!style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Left office
!style="background-color:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}};color:white"|Time in office
|-
! 1
| [[File:Abdul Wahid Owaisi.jpg|80px]]
| Abdul Wahed Owaisi
| {{circa|1958}}
| {{circa|1983}}
| {{age in years and days|1 January 1958|1 January 1983}}
|-
! 2
|
| [[Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi]] (1931–2008)
| {{circa|1983}}
| 29 September 2008
| {{age in years and days|1 January 1983|29 September 2008}}
|-
! 3
| [[File:asaduddin.jpg|80px]]
| [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] (born 1969)
| 29 September 2008
| ''Incumbent''
| {{age in years and days|29 September 2008}}
|}

==Non-Muslim candidates==
AIMIM has occasionally fielded Hindus in various assembly and local body elections.
In 1986 the first Dalit Mayor of [[List of mayors of Hyderabad|Municipal Corporation Hyderabad]] Kalra Prakash Rao, then Anumula Satyanarayana a Hindu Mayor in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/mims-hindu-candidate-defeats-muslim-hyderabad-election |title=MIM's Hindu candidate defeats a Muslim in Hyderabad by election |publisher=Siasat |access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hyderabadmim-gives-ticket-to-hindu-candidate/89193-37.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513195234/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hyderabadmim-gives-ticket-to-hindu-candidate/89193-37.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2014 |title=Hyderabad:MIM gives ticket to Hindu candidate – IBNLive |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Who-is-this-Hindu-candidate-of-MIM-/articleshow/4316233.cms |title=Who is this Hindu candidate of MIM ? |work=The Times of India |date=26 March 2009 |access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/MIM-Announces-Nine-More-Assembly-Candidates-1-LS/2014/04/09/article2158167.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412003204/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/MIM-Announces-Nine-More-Assembly-Candidates-1-LS/2014/04/09/article2158167.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 April 2014 |title=MIM Announces Nine More Assembly Candidates, 1 LS |work=The New Indian Express |date=9 April 2014 |access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siasat.com/english/news/mim-candidates-fray-4-ls-21-assembly-seats-telangana |title=MIM candidates in fray from 4 LS, 21 Assembly seats in Telangana |publisher=Siasat |access-date=17 May 2014}}</ref> The AIMIM selected Alampally Pochiah as its First Mayor in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/mbt-determined-to-get-even-with-mim/article27824190.ece|title=MBT determined to get even with MIM|newspaper=The Hindu|date=3 January 2002|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> MIM had three Hindu Hyderabad mayors- K. Prakash Rao, A. Satyanarayana and Alampalli Pochaiah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/104956|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317184203/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/node/104956|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 March 2012|title=Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen to contest from Telangana, Andhra Pradesh|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> A Muralidhar Reddy, Hindu candidate being fielded for an assembly seat by Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen from [[Rajendranagar (Assembly constituency)|Rajendranagar]] constituency.

In 2013 local elections the party fielded a woman candidate from Hindu OBC, V. Bhanumathi, who won election against Hajira Sultana from Congress by 1,282 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2013mar20/mim%E2%80%99s_hindu_candidate_defeats_congress_muslim_candidate_local_election.html |title=MIM's Hindu candidate defeats Congress Muslim candidate in local election |publisher=TwoCircles.net |date=20 March 2013 |access-date=19 April 2014}}</ref>

AIMIM announced 19 Hindus candidates in various assembly seats in [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]], with Pandit Manmohan Jha Gama being the first one.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Election 2022 {{!}} Asaduddin Owaisi's AIMIM fields Pandit Manmohan Jha Gama from Ghaziabad |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/up-election-2022-asaduddin-owaisis-aimim-fields-pandit-manmohan-jha-gama-from-ghaziabad-7956121.html |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=Moneycontrol |date=19 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=यूपी चुनाव 2022: जानें कौन हैं मनमोहन झा गामा, जिन्हें ओवैसी की पार्टी ने यूपी में बनाया पहला हिंदू उम्मीदवार |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-up-polls-2022-asaduddin-owaisi-played-brahmin-card-aimim-gave-election-ticket-to-pandit-mahmohan-jha-gama-from-sahibabad-seat-5602771.html |access-date=21 April 2022 |website=Hindustan |date=18 January 2022 |language=hindi}}</ref>

===Lok Sabha 2024===
The seats which the AIMIM has decided to contest are [[Pataliputra Lok Sabha constituency|Patliputra]], [[Sheohar Lok Sabha constituency|Sheohar]], [[Gopalganj Lok Sabha constituency|Gopalganj]], [[Maharajganj, Bihar Lok Sabha constituency|Maharajganj]], [[Madhubani Lok Sabha constituency|Madhubani]], [[Jahanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Jehanabad]], [[Karakat Lok Sabha constituency|Karakat]], [[Motihari Lok Sabha constituency|Motihari]],[[Muzaffarpur Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarpur]] and [[Valmiki Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Valmiki Nagar]].

==Philanthropy==

* AIMIM donated relief worth {{INR}} 78.75 lakh for [[2013 Uttarakhand floods]] victims in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/uttarakhand/mim-announces-relief-for-victims-of-uttarkhand-cal_857701.html|title=MIM announces relief for victims of Uttarakhand cal|work=Zee News|date=25 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianmuslimobserver.com/2013/06/27/aimim-announces-relief-worth-rs-78-75-lakh-for-uttarakhand-victims/|title=AIMIM announces relief worth Rs 7.75 crores for Uttarakhand victims|access-date=13 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611085730/http://indianmuslimobserver.com/2013/06/27/aimim-announces-relief-worth-rs-78-75-lakh-for-uttarakhand-victims/|archive-date=11 June 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* AIMIM donated over {{INR}}50,000,000 in aid to the [[2017 Bihar flood]] victims in August 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/aimim-medical-relief-flood-affected-bihar|title=Hyderabad: AIMIM sends medical relief to flood-affected Bihar|website=Telangana Today|access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref>
* During the [[2018 Kerala floods|2018 floods in Kerala]], AIMIM donated 1,60,00,000 rupees and 1,000,000 Lakh rupees worth medicines.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/kerala-floods-trs-mps-donate-one-months-pay/articleshow/65468530.cms|title=Kerala floods: TRS MPs donate one month's pay|website=The Times of India|date=20 August 2018 |access-date=20 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AIMIM ने भी केरल बाढ़ पीड़ितों को दिये 16 लाख रुपये, भेजेंगे दवाइयां |url=https://hindi.sakshi.com/telangana/2018/08/19/aimim-donate-sixteen-lakhs-kerala-floods-relief-funds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220073813/https://hindi.sakshi.com/telangana/2018/08/19/aimim-donate-sixteen-lakhs-kerala-floods-relief-funds |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=4 June 2022 |website=Sakshipost Hindi}}</ref>
* During the [[2020 Delhi riots]], AIMIM organised two medical relief camps in Delhi and donated medicines worth {{INR}}4,000,000. [[Asaduddin Owaisi]] announced that all elected representatives of AIMIM will donate one month of their salary for those affected by the Delhi riots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.siasat.com/delhi-riots-aimim-mps-mlas-donate-1-month-salary-victims-1844109/|title=Delhi riots: AIMIM MPs, MLAs to donate 1 month salary to victims|date=2 March 2020|website=The Siasat Daily|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref>
* AIMIM donated {{INR}}2,000,000 for Injured of [[Moradabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] road accident.<ref>{{Cite web |title=एआईएमआईएम ने कोरवाकु के घायलों को 2 लाख की मदद की |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/moradabad/story-aimim-donated-2-lakhs-to-the-injured-of-korvaku-8207017.html |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=Hindustan |date=23 May 2023 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=यूपी में हुआ दिल दहला देने वाला हादसा, दर्दनाक हादसे में 10 की हुई मौत, एक ही परिवार के थे 9 लोग | date=8 May 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xf9fLu1WAC0 |access-date=27 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[Hyderabad State Praja Party]]
* [[Majlis Bachao Tehreek]]
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[List of Islamic political parties]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website}}
{{commons}}
{{Indian political parties}}
{{All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|India|Hyderabad|Islam|Conservatism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
[[Category:Political parties in Telangana]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1927]]
[[Category:Islamic political parties in India]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Dalit politics]]
[[Category:Politics of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen| ]]

NTR district

2026-02-23T16:08:56Z

Davidwez: Article updated with latest changes

{{Short description|District in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = NTR district
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| image_map = NTR in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| map_caption = Location of NTR district in Andhra Pradesh
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| size = 300
| photo1a = Kanakadurga Temple gopuram.jpg
| photo2a = Akkanna madanna caves.jpg
| photo2b = Krishna River Vijayawada.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top: [[Kanaka Durga Temple|Sri Kanaka Durga Temple]], [[Prakasam Barrage]] and [[Akkanna Madanna Caves]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{Flag icon image|Emblem of Andhra Pradesh.svg}} [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Coastal Andhra|Kosta Andhra]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Vijayawada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
| named_for = [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| native_name = 
| established_date = 4 April 2022
| established_title = Formed
| founder = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] <ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/will-name-krishna-district-after-ntr-jagan/article23733273.ece</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ravi|date=26 January 2022|title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet clears the formation of 13 new districts|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-the-formation-of-13-new-districts/article38328280.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131104710/https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-the-formation-of-13-new-districts/article38328280.ece|archive-date=31 January 2022|access-date=31 January 2022|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|language=en}}</ref>
| total_type = Total
| area_total_km2 = 3316
| population_total = 2218591
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| parts_type = Administrative divisions
| parts = {{bulleted list|
| [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|03 revenue divisions]]
| [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|20 mandals]]
}}
| leader_title = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector and magistrate]]
| leader_name = G. Lakshmisha, {{small|I.A.S}} <ref>{{Cite web | title=NTR District {{!}} A Place of Pilgrimage {{!}} India | url=https://ntr.ap.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-08-30 | website=ntr.ap.gov.in}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name1 = Kanthi Rana Tata {{small|IPS}}
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[:Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh|01]]
| leader_title3 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|07]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[GDP]] (2022–23)
| blank_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|73632|c|year=2023}}<ref>https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Per capita income]] (2022–23)
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|335324|year=2023}}<ref>https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://ntr.ap.gov.in/}}
| area_urban_km2 = 249.25
| area_urban_sq_mi = 96.236
| population_urban = 1,302,557
}}

'''NTR district''' is a [[district]] in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The district headquarters is located at [[Vijayawada]]. The district is named after former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. The district shares boundaries with [[Guntur district| Guntur]], [[Palnadu district| Palnadu]], [[Krishna district| Krishna]], [[Eluru district| Eluru]], [[Khammam district| Khammam]] and [[Suryapet district| Suryapet]] districts.

== History ==
[[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] interacting with relatives of the TDP founder and former Chief Minister [[N. T. Rama Rao]] at Nimmakuru village in the Pamarru Assembly constituency, then opposition leader Jagan promised that he would name the district after the late leader.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/will-name-krishna-district-after-ntr-jagan/article23733273.ece</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ravi|date=26 January 2022|title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet clears the formation of 13 new districts|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-the-formation-of-13-new-districts/article38328280.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131104710/https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-the-formation-of-13-new-districts/article38328280.ece|archive-date=31 January 2022|access-date=31 January 2022|website=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|language=en}}</ref> NTR district was proposed on 26 January 2022 and became one of the [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|twenty-six districts]] in the state after the gazette notification was issued by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] on 3 April 2022. On 4 April 2022 the chief minister [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]] virtually inaugurated all 13 new districts, officially establishing NTR district., gazette notification. The district was carved out of [[Krishna district]], and consists of the existing [[Vijayawada revenue division]] along with [[Nandigama revenue division|Nandigama]] and Tiruvuru revenue divisions, which were formed along with the district.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raghavendra|first=V.|date=26 January 2022|title=With creation of 13 new districts, AP now has 26 districts|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/with-creation-of-13-new-districts-ap-now-has-26-districts/article38327788.ece|url-status=live|access-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126110443/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/with-creation-of-13-new-districts-ap-now-has-26-districts/article38327788.ece|archive-date=26 January 2022|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2022|title=Andhra Pradesh approves creation of 13 new districts|url=https://telanganatoday.com/andhra-pradesh-approves-creation-of-13-new-districts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126110551/https://telanganatoday.com/andhra-pradesh-approves-creation-of-13-new-districts|archive-date=26 January 2022|access-date=26 January 2022|website=[[Telangana Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2022|title=AP issues draft gazette notification on 26 districts|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/260122/ap-issues-draft-gazette-notification-inviting-objections-to-having-26.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129231708/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/260122/ap-issues-draft-gazette-notification-inviting-objections-to-having-26.html|archive-date=29 January 2022|access-date=31 January 2022|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=((Staff Reporter)) |title=New districts to come into force on April 4 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-districts-to-come-into-force-on-april-4/article65274658.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=31 March 2022 |date=30 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922110047/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/new-districts-to-come-into-force-on-april-4/article65274658.ece |archive-date=22 September 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=కొత్త జిల్లా తాజా స్వరూపం |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/ap-top-news/general/2501/122062849 |url-status=live |access-date=31 March 2022|website=[[Eenadu.net]] |language=te |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017133352/https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/ap-top-news/general/2501/122062849}}</ref>

It was named in the memory of [[Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao]] (NTR), a prominent figure in the history of Andhra Pradesh. NTR, a celebrated actor and politician, was the founder of the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. He is widely remembered for his groundbreaking welfare policies and his efforts to uplift the rural poor and marginalized communities.

== Geography ==
NTR district is bordered with [[Krishna district]] and [[Eluru district]] on the east, [[Palnadu district]] and [[Guntur district]] on the south, [[Suryapet district]] of [[Telangana]] state on the west and [[Khammam district]] of [[Telangana]] state on the north.

The [[Krishna River|Krishna river]] flows towards east and acts as border with Palnadu district and Guntur district.

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in NTR district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion – Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|88.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|7.91}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christianity]]|blue|2.54}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|1.25}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

Based on the 2011 census, NTR district has a population of 22,18,591, of which 1,302,557 (58.71%) live in urban areas. NTR district has a sex ratio of 991 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 4,06,350 (18.32%) and 82,101 (3.70%) of the population respectively.<ref name="demographicsb">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Krishna |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/124/download/146/DH_2011_2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>{{rp|79–83}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of NTR district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 90.12 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 6.90 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 1.43 |color3 = khaki
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.55 |color4 = grey
}}

Based on the 2011 census, 90.12% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 6.90% [[Urdu]] and 1.43% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:NTR district.png|alt=NTR District |thumb| Satellite view of NTR district]]
The district is divided into three revenue divisions: [[Nandigama revenue division|Nandigama]], [[Tiruvuru revenue division|Tiruvuru]] and [[Vijayawada revenue division|Vijayawada]], which are further subdivided into a total of twenty [[Tehsil|mandal]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Boda |first=Tharun |date=2022-04-03 |title=Andhra Pradesh: Govt. notifies NTR, Krishna districts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-govt-notifies-ntr-krishna-districts/article65287291.ece |access-date=2022-04-05 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Mandals ===
The list of 20 mandals in NTR district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below.<ref name=":0" />
{{Div col}}
# [[Nandigama revenue division]]
## [[Chandarlapadu mandal|Chandarlapadu ]]
## [[Jaggayyapeta mandal|Jaggayyapeta]]
## [[Kanchikacherla mandal|Kanchikacherla]]
## [[Nandigama mandal|Nandigama]]
## [[Penuganchiprolu mandal|Penuganchiprolu]]
## [[Vatsavai mandal|Vatsavai]]
## [[Veerullapadu mandal|Veerullapadu]]
# [[Tiruvuru revenue division]]
## [[A. Konduru mandal|A. Konduru]]
## [[Gampalagudem mandal|Gampalagudem]]
## [[Reddigudem mandal|Reddigudem]]
## [[Tiruvuru mandal|Tiruvuru]]
## [[Vissannapeta mandal|Vissannapeta]]
# [[Vijayawada revenue division]]
## [[G. Konduru mandal|G. Konduru]]
## [[Ibrahimpatnam mandal, NTR district|Ibrahimpatnam]]
## [[Mylavaram mandal|Mylavaram]]
## [[Vijayawada Rural mandal|Vijayawada Rural]]
## [[Vijayawada Central mandal|Vijayawada Central]]
## [[Vijayawada North mandal| Vijayawada North]]
## [[Vijayawada East mandal| Vijayawada East]]
##[[Vijayawada West mandal|Vijayawada West]]
{{Div end}}

== Cities and towns ==
The district has one municipal corporation, two municipalities, and two ''Nagar panchayats'' as per the district reorganization in 2022.<ref name="NTR district-1">{{Cite web|title=NTR district map with divisions and mandals |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39461cce28ebe3e76fb4b931c35a169b0/uploads/2022/04/20220404100.pdf|access-date=2022-05-08|publisher=NTR district, Government of AP}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Cities and towns in NTR District
!Ciy/Town!! Civil status!!Revenue Division !!Population (2011)
|-
| [[Vijayawada]]
| Municipal Corporation
| [[Vijayawada revenue division|Vijayawada]]
| 10,21,806
|-
| [[Jaggayyapeta]]
| Municipality Grade 2
| [[Nandigama revenue division{{!}}Nandigama]]
| 53,530
|-
| [[Kondapalli]]
| Municipality Grade 3
| [[Vijayawada revenue division{{!}}Vijayawada]]
| 33,373
|-
| [[Nandigama]]
| Nagar panchayat
| [[Nandigama revenue division{{!}}Nandigama]]
| 44,359
|-
| [[Tiruvuru]]
| Nagar panchayat
| [[Tiruvuru revenue division{{!}}Tiruvuru]]
| 18,567
|}

== Politics ==
The district is formed with the borders of [[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada Lok Sabha constitutency]].
There are seven assembly constituencies in the district. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/Right%20to%20Infn.Act/annex1.htm|title=District-wise Assembly-Constituencies|work=ceoandhra.nic.in}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
! style=max-width:7em|Reserved for {{hlist|([[Dalit|SC]]|[[Adivasi|ST]]|None)}}
!Parliament
|-
|69
|[[Tiruvuru (Assembly constituency)|Tiruvuru]]
|[[Dalit|SC]]
|[[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]
|-
|71
|[[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]] (Part)
|None
|[[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machillipatnam]]
|-
|79
|[[Vijayawada West (Assembly constituency)|Vijayawada West]]
|None
| rowspan="6" |[[Vijayawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vijayawada]]
|-
|80
|[[Vijayawada Central (Assembly constituency)|Vijayawada Central]]
|None
|-
|81
|[[Vijayawada East (Assembly constituency)|Vijayawada East]]
|None
|-
|82
|[[Mylavaram (Assembly constituency)|Mylavaram]]
|None
|-
|83
|[[Nandigama (Assembly constituency)|Nandigama]]
|[[Dalit|SC]]
|-
|84
|[[Jaggayyapeta (Assembly constituency)|Jaggayyapeta]]
|None
|}

== Education ==

[[File:NT Rama Rao.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|[[N. T. Rama Rao]] (NTR) Commemorative Stamp]]

Primary and secondary school education in the district is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the [[Education in Andhra Pradesh#Primary and secondary education|School Education Department]] of the state.

[[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]] and [[School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada|School of Planning and Architecture]], South Indian Chapter are located in Vijayawada. District has numerous engineering colleges including Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, [[Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College]], Lakireddy Bali Reddy Engineering College, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, DMS SVH College of Engineering, SRR & CVR Govt. Degree College is one of the oldest colleges. It was established in 1937. Govt Polytechnic Vijayawada (one of the oldest Polytechnic colleges in India), Andhra Loyola College, AANM & VVRSR (Gudlavalleru) Polytechnic College, Mary Stella college, Sidhartha Degree College are a few of the many famous arts and science colleges in the district.{{cn|date=June 2022}}

== Transportation ==

=== Road ===

National highways [[National Highway 65 (India)|NH-65]], [[National Highway 16 (India)|NH-16]], [[National Highway 30 (India)|NH-30]] pass through the district. [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]] state headquarters are located at Vijayawada.

=== Railway ===
Vijayawada is headquarters for [[Vijayawada railway division]] and [[Vijayawada Junction railway station|Vijayawada Junction]] is one of the busiest railway stations in India.

Other railway stations in the district (all are located in Vijayawada) are:
*[[Ramavarappadu railway station|Ramavarappadu]]
*[[Kondapalli railway station|Kondapalli]]
*[[Madhuranagar Halt railway station|Madhuranagar]]
*[[Rayanapadu railway station|Rayanapadu]]
*[[Nidamanuru railway station|Nidamanuru]]
*[[Gunadala railway station|Gunadala]]
*[[Gangineni railway station|Gangineni]]
*[[Cheruvu Madhavaram railway station|Cheruvu Madhavaram]]

===Airport===
[[Vijayawada Airport]] is located in the [[Gannavaram]] of [[Krishna district]], which is suburb of Vijayawada.
== Tourism ==

[[Kondapalli Fort]], [[Bhavani Island]], and temples like [[Kanaka Durga Temple]], Sri Tirupatamma Gopayya Swamivarla Devasthanam, Vedadri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Devasthanam, Srikakulandhra Mahavishnu Devasthanam, Ghantasala [[Jaladheeswara Temple]], Mopidevi Subhramanyeswara Swamy Temple and [[Gunadala Matha Shrine]] are some of the major attractions.<ref>{{Cite book |title=AP Tourism E-Brochure NTR district |url=https://aptourism.gov.in/media-data/brouchers/24-1920bb8fe8a96a46f6033b612253129a0f732d6a.pdf|access-date=2023-06-28 |year=2023 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:NTR district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=NTR district | species=no | d=Q110876763}}
* {{Official website}}
*[https://overpass-turbo.eu/map.html?Q=%2F*%0AShow%20Mandals%20with%20English%20labels%20for%20Andhra%20Pradesh%0A*%2F%0A%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A25%5D%3B%0Aarea%5Bname%3D%22Andhra%20Pradesh%22%5D-%3E.b%3B%0Arel(area.b)%5Bname%3D%22NTR%22%5D%3B%0Amap_to_area%20-%3E%20.searchArea%3B%0A(%0A%20%20relation%5B%22admin_level%22%3D%226%22%5D(area.searchArea)%3B%0A)%3B%0A%2F%2F%20print%20results%0Aout%20body%20geom%3B%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%7B%7Bstyle%3A%20%0A%20%20node%2Cway%2Crelation%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20text%3Aeval(%27tag(%22name%22)%27)%3B%0A%7D%0A%20%7D%7D NTR district mandals – An interactive Overpass-turbo OSM map]

{{NTR district}}
{{Districts of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:NTR district]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]

2016–17 Bengaluru FC season

2026-02-18T14:24:56Z

Davidwez: general improved article per standard format further and corrected details

{{Short description|2016–17 season of Bengaluru FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| logo =
| season = 2016–17
| manager = [[Albert Roca]]
| mgrtitle = Head Coach
| chairman = [[Parth Jindal]]
| chrtitle = CEO
| stadium = {{nobreak|[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]}}
| league = [[I-League]]
| league result = [[2016–17 I-League|4th]]
| cup1 = [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]
| cup1 result = [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Winners]]
| cup2 = [[AFC Cup]]
| cup2 result = 2016: [[2016 AFC Cup|Runners-up]] 2017: [[2017 AFC Cup#Inter-zone play-off final|Inter-zone Play-off]]{{efn-ua|Bengaluru FC advanced to the inter-zone play-off semi-finals, played during [[2017–18 Bengaluru FC season|2017–18 season]]}}
| cup3 = [[AFC Champions League]]
| cup3 result = [[2017 AFC Champions League#Preliminary round 2|Preliminary Round 2]]
| league topscorer = [[C.K. Vineeth]] [[Sunil Chhetri]] (7 goals each)
| season topscorer = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (12 goals)
| average attendance = 8,752
| highest attendance = 12,642 vs. [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/857_Match_Summary_V1_1488038553.pdf|title=Bengaluru Football Club vs Kingfisher East Bengal|date=25 February 2017|work=[[All India Football Federation|AIFF]]}}</ref> (25 February 2017)
| lowest attendance = 2,012 vs. [[Abahani Limited Dhaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10728&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary|title=JSW Bengaluru FC vs Abahani Dhaka Limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830155825/http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10728&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary|archive-date=30 August 2017|url-status=dead|work=the-afc.com}}</ref> (18 April 2017)

| pattern_la1 = _redshoulders
| pattern_b1 = _redshoulders
| pattern_ra1 = _redshoulders
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = 0000FF
| body1 = 0000FF
| rightarm1 = 0000FF
| shorts1 = 0000FF
| socks1 = 0000FF
| pattern_la2 = _whiteshoulders
| pattern_b2 = _Bengalurufc_2017_away
| pattern_ra2 = _whiteshoulders
| pattern_sh2 =
| pattern_so2 = _bluetop
| leftarm2 = 0000FF
| body2 = FFFFFF
| rightarm2 = 0000FF
| shorts2 = FFFFFF
| socks2 = FFFFFF
| pattern_la3 = _bengalurufc_third_2016_17
| pattern_b3 = _bengalurufc_third_2016_17
| pattern_ra3 = _bengalurufc_third_2016_17
| pattern_sh3 =
| pattern_so3 =
| leftarm3 =
| body3 =
| rightarm3 =
| shorts3 = F183B2
| socks3 = F183B2
| prevseason = [[2015–16 Bengaluru FC season|2015–16]]
| nextseason = [[2017–18 Bengaluru FC season|2017–18]]
}}

The '''2016–17 season''' was the fourth in the history of [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru Football Club]]. It began on 1 July 2016 and concluded on 30 June 2017, with competitive matches occurring between September and May. The season was a historic one for the club as they became the first Indian club to reach the final of the [[AFC Cup]] – suffering defeat against [[Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya]]. The club also won their second [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], while in the league, Bengaluru ended their final [[I-League]] campaign in fourth place.

This season would be Bengaluru's first with head coach [[Albert Roca]], who stepped in for [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]]. Coming into the season, Bengaluru were the reigning [[I-League]] champions and in the quarter-finals of the AFC Cup for the first time in their history. The season would see the departures of original players such as [[Curtis Osano]], [[N.S. Manju]], [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]], and [[Siam Hanghal]], as well as foreign recruits [[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]] and [[Kim Song-yong]]. Players such as [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]], [[Juanan]], [[Álvaro Rubio]], and [[Marjan Jugović]] were brought in as replacements. Club captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] meanwhile returned to the club on a permanent basis, along with goalkeeper [[Amrinder Singh]].

Since the I-League did not start until January, Bengaluru began their season in September in the AFC Cup. The club managed to get past [[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]] before defeating [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] in the semi-finals. In the final against [[Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya]] the club were defeated 1–0. In the league, Bengaluru began strongly, taking nine points from their opening three matches, conceding 0 goals while scoring 8. However, the club then went on to suffer a run of seven games without a victory as Bengaluru slipped to fifth place. The club would then go on to win five of their last eight matches but it would only be enough to finish in fourth. Consolation came for the club when they went on to win their second [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]]. A brace from [[C.K. Vineeth]] in extra-time was enough to beat [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] in the [[2017 Indian Federation Cup final|2017 final]].

34 different players represented the club in four competitions and there were 19 different goalscorers. Bengaluru's top goalscorer for the fourth year running was [[Sunil Chhetri]], who scored 12 goals in 30 appearances. The [[India national football team|India international]] would go on to be named as the Hero of the League. This season would be Bengaluru's last in the I-League as the club would bid successfully for a spot in the [[Indian Super League]].

==Background==
{{see also|2015–16 Bengaluru FC season}}

After narrowly missing out on the title during the [[2014–15 Bengaluru FC season|2014–15 season]], Bengaluru claimed their second [[I-League]] title in three years on 17 April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-salgaocar/2177601/report|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC 2–0 Salgaocar FC: Cakewalk for the Blues as they lift second title in three years|date=17 April 2016|work=goal.com|first1=R.|last1=Jeevan|first2=Swapnaneel|last2=Parasar}}</ref> As a result, the club qualified to participate in the [[2017 AFC Champions League|AFC Champions League qualifiers]]. However, in the [[Federation Cup (India)|Federation Cup]], Bengaluru were unable to reclaim their title. The club were knocked-out by [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] in the quarter-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2231267/report|title=Federation Cup: Bengaluru FC 2–3 Aizawl FC: Reds eliminate stunned champions|work=goal.com|date=3 May 2016|first1=Brendon|last1=Netto|first2=Swapnaneel|last2=Parasar}}</ref> In Asian competition, Bengaluru managed to qualify for the knock-out round of the [[AFC Cup]] for the second season running with the club finishing second in Group H.{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} The club then managed to qualify for the quarter-finals of the competition for the first time after they defeated [[Kitchee SC|Kitchee]] in the Round of 16.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/kitchee-vs-bengaluru/2233883/report|title=AFC Cup: Kitchee SC 2–3 Bengaluru FC: Sunil Chhetri scores two as Blues progress to quarter-finals|date=25 May 2016|work=goal.com|first=Brendon|last=Netto}}</ref>

A few days after Bengaluru defeated Kitchee, it was announced that head coach [[Ashley Westwood (footballer, born 1976)|Ashley Westwood]] would leave the club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/india/story/2883558/ashley-westwood-leaves-bengaluru-fc-after-contract-ends|title=Ashley Westwood leaves Bengaluru FC after contract ends|work=[[ESPN]]|date=1 June 2016}}</ref> A month later, on 6 July 2016, it was announced that former [[El Salvador national football team|El Salvador]] head coach [[Albert Roca]] would take over as Bengaluru's second coach.<ref name="Roca">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Bengaluru-FC-appoint-Champions-League-winner-Roca-as-head-coach/articleshow/53084652.cms|title=Bengaluru FC appoint Champions League-winner Roca as head coach|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 July 2016}}</ref> On his arrival, Roca said:<ref name="Roca"/>
{{cquote|I’m very satisfied to have signed with Bengaluru FC. They are the champions of India, have fantastic supporters and most importantly, have a great support system and a management that is always hands on and wants to stay at the top. I want to assure our supporters that we will always give it our best. I want the supporters to be happy about the way we play.}}

===Squad movement===
Following the [[2015–16 Bengaluru FC season|2015–16 season]], Bengaluru made a few changes to the squad. On 31 May, 2016, [[Curtis Osano]], [[N.S. Manju]], [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]], [[Siam Hanghal]], [[Kim Song-yong]], [[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]], and [[Nikhil Bernard]] were released by the club.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-07-09 |title=Osano parts ways with Bengaluru FC |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/556818/osano-parts-ways-bengaluru-fc.html |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Nine days later, Bengaluru confirmed that their captain, [[Sunil Chhetri]], would be returning to the club on a permanent basis, after spending the previous season with [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]].<ref name="Chhetri">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/prodigal-son-returns-home-bengaluru-fc-retain-sunil-chhetri-in-a-one-year-deal-2825752.html|title=Prodigal son returns home: Bengaluru FC retain Sunil Chhetri in a one-year deal|date=9 June 2016|work=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|publisher=Firstpost}}</ref> A week later, the club announced the signing of goalkeeper [[Amrinder Singh]] from [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]. Singh was previously also on loan with Bengaluru and would now join the club permanently.<ref name="Amrinder Alwyn">{{cite web|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/bfc-retain-amrinder-alwyn-115006189.html|title=BFC retain Amrinder, Alwyn|work=[[Indo Asian News Service|IANS]]|publisher=[[Yahoo]]|date=16 June 2016}}</ref> In August, Bengaluru announced the additions of three foreigners: midfielders [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]] and [[Álvaro Rubio]], and defender [[Juanan]].<ref name="watson">{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-sign-australian-midfielder-cameron-watson|title= Bengaluru FC sign Cameron Watson|date=5 August 2016|work=Bengalurufc.com}}</ref><ref name="rubio and juanan">{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/bengaluru-fc-add-to-armoury-sign-rubio-gonzalez/|title=Former Valladolid Midfielder, Real Madrid B Defender Complete I-League Champions' Foreigner Slots|date= 8 August 2016|work=Bengalurufc.com}}</ref> The club then concluded the month with the signings of young defender [[Gursimrat Singh Gill]] and midfielder [[Darren Caldeira]].<ref name="Gursimrat">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/23/26801502/i-league-bengaluru-fc-sign-young-defender-gursimrat-singh|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC sign young defender Gursimrat Singh|first=Ramchandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com|date=23 August 2016}}</ref>

With a few of the [[AFC Cup]] matches occurring at the same time as the beginning of the [[Indian Super League]], Bengaluru managed to secure loans for their players to various ISL clubs while retaining them until after the AFC Cup final in November.<ref name="isl loan">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2016/05/28/23985602/bengaluru-fc-players-to-join-indian-super-league-franchises|title=Bengaluru FC players to join Indian Super League franchises after AFC Cup commitment|first=Atanu|last=Mitra|date=28 May 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

Once the club's AFC Cup campaign had ended, Bengaluru began preparations for the [[I-League]] campaign that would begin in January. On 30 November, the club announced that Rubio, alongside [[Vishal Kumar]] and Darren Caldeira, would depart.<ref name="Rubio out">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/story/3008192/spanish-midfielder-alvaro-rubio-leaves-bengaluru-fc|title=Midfielder Alvaro Rubio leaves Bengaluru FC|date=30 November 2016|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Bengaluru then spent December bringing in players on loan from Indian Super League clubs. Defender [[Harmanjot Khabra]] was the first to be brought in from [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]] on 12 December while midfielder [[Lenny Rodrigues]] soon followed from [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] three days later.<ref name="khabra">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/story/3017892/bengaluru-fc-sign-midfielder-harmanjot-khabra-on-season-long-loan|title=BFC sign midfielder Harmanjot Khabra on loan|date=12 December 2016|work=[[ESPN]]|author=ESPN staff}}</ref><ref name="lenny">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/story/3020399/bengaluru-sign-midfielder-lenny-rodrigues|title=Bengaluru sign midfielder Lenny Rodrigues|date=15 December 2016|work=[[ESPN]]|author=ESPN staff}}</ref> Goalkeeper [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]], defender [[Sena Ralte]], and midfielder [[Mandar Rao Dessai]] were then all signed on 20 December from Pune City, [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]], and Goa respectively.<ref name="sena">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/12/20/30681912/i-league-bengaluru-fc-add-sena-ralte-mandar-rao-dessai-and|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC add Sena Ralte, Mandar Rao Dessai and Arindam Bhattacharya to their arsenal|work=Goal.com|date=20 December 2016}}</ref> The club then ended preparations for the upcoming season with the addition of Honduran forward [[Roby Norales]] from [[Platense F.C.|Platense]].<ref name="Roby">{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianage.com/sports/football/070117/i-league-the-blues-look-to-hit-ground-running.html|title=I-League: The Blues look to hit ground running|first=Sandeep|last=Menon|work=[[The Asian Age]]|date=7 January 2017}}</ref>

Almost a week after the club played their first I-League match, Bengaluru announced the signing of defender [[Sandesh Jhingan]] on loan from [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]].<ref name="Jhingan">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2017/01/12/31423402/i-league-201617-bengaluru-fc-fortify-defence-with-the-capture-of-|title=I-League 2016/17: Bengaluru FC fortify defence with the capture of Sandesh Jhingan|first=Ashwin|last=Muralidharan|date=12 January 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Then, a few weeks later, on 2 February, after playing in just four matches, Norales was loaned out to [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]] club [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]].<ref name="Roby loaned out">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2017/02/03/32264532/i-league-2017-bengaluru-fc-loan-out-roby-norales-to-ozone-fc|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC loan out Roby Norales to Ozone FC|first=Ashwin|last=Muralidharan|date=3 February 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Twenty days later, the club would sign Serbian forward [[Marjan Jugović]] as Norales' replacement.<ref name="mirjan">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2017/02/27/33118022/i-league-bengaluru-fc-sign-marjan-jugovi%C4%87-halfway-through|title=I-League: Bengaluru FC sign Marjan Jugović halfway through the season|work=Goal.com|date=27 February 2017}}</ref> Finally, after the conclusion of the I-League season and prior to the [[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]], Bengaluru announced the signing of forward [[Cornell Glen]] on loan from Ozone.<ref name="glen">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2017/05/01/35118512/indian-football-bengaluru-fc-rope-in-trinidad-tobago-striker|title=Indian Football: Bengaluru FC rope in Trinidad & Tobago striker Cornell Glen for Federation Cup|date=1 May 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

{{col-start}}
{{col-2}}

'''In'''
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Last club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|{{dts|9 June 2016}}
|<ref name="Chhetri"/>
|-
|GK
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|{{dts|16 June 2016}}
|<ref name="Amrinder Alwyn"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Newcastle Jets FC|Newcastle Jets]]
|{{dts|5 August 2016}}
|<ref name="watson"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juanan]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Rayo OKC]]
|{{dts|8 August 2016}}
|<ref name="rubio and juanan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álvaro Rubio]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Valladolid]]
|{{dts|8 August 2016}}
|<ref name="rubio and juanan"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gursimrat Singh Gill]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[AIFF Elite Academy]]
|{{dts|23 August 2016}}
|<ref name="Gursimrat"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Darren Caldeira]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|{{dts|23 August 2016}}
|<ref name="Gursimrat"/>
|-
|GK
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} Calvin Abhishek
|[[Bengaluru FC Reserves and Academy|Academy]]
|{{dts|5 November 2016}}
|<ref name="calvin">{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/a-brush-with-the-big-stage/|title=A brush with the big stage|work=bengalurufc.com|date=18 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|HON}} [[Roby Norales]]
|{{flagicon|HON}} [[Platense F.C.|Plantense]]
|{{dts|7 January 2017}}
|<ref name="Roby"/>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Marjan Jugović]]
|{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Al-Akhaa Al-Ahli Aley|Al-Akhaa Al-Ahli]]
|{{dts|27 February 2017}}
|<ref name="mirjan"/>
|}

{{col-2}}

'''Out'''
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|New club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|GK
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Nikhil Bernard]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/footballnext/news/dsk-cup-2016-salgaocar-fc-and-ozone-fc-bengaluru-complete-the-semi-final-line-up-1312771.html|title=DSK Cup 2016: Salgaocar FC and Ozone FC Bengaluru Complete the semi-final Line-Up|date=17 November 2016|publisher=[[News18.com]]}}</ref>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[Curtis Osano]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Farnborough F.C.|Farnborough]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref name="osano">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/07/04/25327102/curtis-osano-joins-new-club|title=I-League: Curtis Osano parts ways with Bengaluru FC, joins Hayes & Yeading United|date=4 July 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[N.S. Manju]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|31 May 2016
|
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Michael Collins (footballer, born 1986)|Michael Collins]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Leyton Orient F.C.|Leyton Orient]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37804584|title=Michael Collins: Leyton Orient sign former Huddersfield Town midfielder|date=28 October 2016|work=[[BBC]]}}</ref>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/chennaiyin-fc-sign-siam-hanghal-2950099/|title=Chennaiyin FC sign Siam Hanghal|date=2 August 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|Thoi Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2016/07/15/25658872/indian-super-league-chennaiyin-fc-retain-karanjit-singh|title=Indian Super League: Chennaiyin FC retain Karanjit Singh, Mehrajuddin Waddo and Thoi Singh|date=15 July 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|PRK}} [[Kim Song-yong]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|31 May 2016
|<ref name="dsk preseason">{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/08/26/26901892/bengaluru-fc-1-2-dsk-shivajians-kim-song-yong-scores-to|title=Bengaluru FC 1–2 DSK Shivajians: Kim Song Yong scores to haunt former team|work=Goal.com|date=26 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishal Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|30 November 2016
|<ref name="Rubio out"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Álvaro Rubio]]
|Retired
|30 November 2016
|<ref name="Rubio out"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Darren Caldeira]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|30 November 2016
|<ref name="Rubio out"/>
|}
{{col-end}}

'''Loans in'''
[[File:Fernández, Juan Antonio González DÜS 12-13 WP.JPG|thumb|right|Spanish defender [[Juanan]] was signed on a one-year deal]]
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!Position
!Player
!Loaned from
!Loan start
!Ref
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Harmanjot Khabra]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|12 December 2016
|<ref name="khabra"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|15 December 2016
|<ref name="lenny"/>
|-
|GK
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|20 December 2016
|<ref name="sena"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sena Ralte]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|20 December 2016
|<ref name="sena"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mandar Rao Dessai]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|20 December 2016
|<ref name="sena"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|12 January 2017
|<ref name="Jhingan"/>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|TRI}} [[Cornell Glen]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|1 May 2017
|<ref name="glen"/>
|}

'''Loans out'''
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
|-
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Loaned to
!scope="col"|From
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|GK
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Amrinder Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[ATK (football club)|Atlético de Kolkata]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalchhuanmawia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|DF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Alwyn George]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Malsawmzuala]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|MF
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Udanta Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sunil Chhetri]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|6 November–18 December 2016
|<ref name="isl loan"/>
|-
|FW
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|HON}} [[Roby Norales]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ozone F.C.|Ozone]]
|2 February–31 May 2017
|<ref name="Roby loaned out"/>
|}

==Pre-season and friendlies==
Despite the [[I-League]] not beginning until January 2017, Bengaluru FC played a series of friendlies in August in preparation of their [[AFC Cup]] matches. Their first match was on 13 August 2016 against [[Army Green (football club)|Army Green]]. The club won 3–0 through a brace from [[Nishu Kumar]] and a goal from [[Sunil Chhetri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/13/26481102/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-fc-win-pre-season-friendly|title=I-League Club Update: Bengaluru FC win pre-season friendly against Army Green|date=13 August 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref> A week later, on 20 August, the club played another [[behind closed doors (sport)|closed doors practice game]] against MEG and won 4–0. [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] scored a brace for Bengaluru FC while Chhetri and trialist [[Gursimrat Singh Gill]] scored the other two goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/20/26706712/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-beat-local-side-meg-4-0-in|title= I-League Club Update: Bengaluru beat local side MEG 4–0 in friendly|work=Goal.com|date=20 August 2016|first=Shashank|last=Gupta}}</ref> Bengaluru FC suffered their first defeat of pre-season in their next match against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]. [[Juanan]] scored the consolation goal for Bengaluru FC as the match ended 1–2.<ref name="dsk preseason"/>

The club played their final match of pre-season on 28 August 2016 against [[Ozone FC]]. The result was a 1–0 defeat.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/29/26974782/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-fc-slump-to-yet-another|title=AFC Cup Update: Bengaluru FC slump to yet another friendly defeat|first=Shashank|last=Gupta|date=29 August 2016}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=13 August 2016
|time= 10:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=3–0
|report=[http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/13/26481102/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-fc-win-pre-season-friendly Report]
|team2=[[Army Green (football club)|Army Green]]
|goals1=[[Nishu Kumar]] {{goal}} {{goal}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|attendance=0
|referee=
|result=W
|motm =
|stack=yes
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=20 August 2016
|time= 10:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=4–0
|report=[http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/20/26706712/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-beat-local-side-meg-4-0-in Report]
|team2=[[Madras Engineer Group|MEG]]
|goals1=[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal}} {{goal}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal}} G. Singh {{goal}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|attendance=0
|referee=
|result=W
|motm =
|stack=yes
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=25 August 2016
|time= 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=1–2
|report=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2016/08/26/26901892/bengaluru-fc-1-2-dsk-shivajians-kim-song-yong-scores-to
|team2=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|goals1=[[Juanan]] {{goal}}
|goals2=[[Kim Song-Yong|Song-Yong]] {{goal}} [[Arif Shaikh|Shaikh]] {{goal}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|attendance=0
|referee=
|result=L
|motm =
|stack=yes
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|round = Friendly
|date=28 August 2016
|time= 10:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=0–1
|report=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/08/29/26974782/i-league-club-update-bengaluru-fc-slump-to-yet-another
|team2=[[Ozone FC|Ozone]]
|goals1=
|goals2=Sathish {{goal}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Bangalore Football Stadium]]
|attendance=0
|referee=
|result=L
|motm =
|stack=yes
}}

==Competitions==
=== Overview ===
{{Fb overview2
|c=1
|c1=[[2016 AFC Cup]]
|fm1= 14 September 2016
|lm1= 5 November 2016
|sr1= Quarter-final
|fp1= Final
|w1= 2
|l1= 1
|d1= 2
|f1= 5
|a1= 3
|c2=[[2017 AFC Champions League|Champions League]]
|fm2= 31 January 2016
|lm2= –
|sr2= Preliminary round-2
|fp2= –
|w2= 0
|l2= 1
|d2= 0
|f2= 1
|a2= 2
|c3=[[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]
|fm3= 7 January 2017
|lm3= 29 April 2017
|sr3= Round-1
|fp3= 4th place
|w3= 8
|l3= 4
|d3= 6
|f3= 30
|a3= 15
|c4=[[2017 AFC Cup]]
|fm4= 14 March 2017
|lm4= 31 May 2017
|sr4= Group stage
|fp4= Qualified
|w4= 4
|l4= 2
|d4= 0
|f4= 7
|a4= 6
|c5=[[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
|fm5= 8 May 2017
|lm5= 21 May 2017
|sr5= Group stage
|fp5= Champions
|w5= 3
|l5= 1
|d5= 1
|f5= 7
|a5= 5
|u=31 May 2017
}}

===I-League===
{{main|2016–17 I-League}}

====Summary====

=====January=====
[[File:Bengaluru FC vs Shillong Lajong, 7 January 2017.jpg|thumb|right|Banner unfurled before the game against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]]]
Bengaluru FC kicked off their title defense on 7 January 2017 at home against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefield.scroll.in/824256/i-league-2016-17-bengaluru-fc-to-kick-off-title-defence-against-shillong-lajong-on-january-7|title=I-League 2016–'17: Bengaluru FC to kick off title defence against Shillong Lajong on January 7|date=15 December 2016|author=Scroll staff|work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Roca handed starts to new signings, [[Lenny Rodrigues]], [[Harmanjot Khabra]] and [[Sena Ralte]]. Before the game, fans unfurled one of the largest [[tifo]]s in Asia, measuring at 6,500 square feet. After starting tentatively, Bengaluru took a lead in 27th minute with a goal from [[Udanta Singh]]. In the second half, Udanta scored again before [[Sena Ralte]] scored his first goal for the club. Thus Bengaluru FC wrapped up a 3–0 win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://outsideoftheboot.com/2017/01/08/bengaluru-fc-3-0-shillong-lajong-three-things-we-learned/|title=Bengaluru FC 3–0 Shillong Lajong: Three things we learned|first=Sami|last=Faizullah|date=8 January 2017|work=Outside of the boot}}</ref> Bengaluru FC played the next game against I-League debutant [[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]. Bengaluru FC continued their attacking game, but they were thwarted by the Chennai City defense and close saves from man of the match, [[Karanjit Singh]]. However, the game turned when Roca substituted debutant [[Roby Norales]] and [[C.K. Vineeth]] in quick succession. The substitutes scored two goals in a span of three minutes and the club came out with a 2–0 win.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-chennai-city/2383743|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 2–0 Chennai City FC: Blues leave it late in the South Indian derby|date=14 January 2017|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|work=Goal.com}}</ref> In the final home game of the month on 18 January 2017, Bengaluru played [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]. [[C.K. Vineeth]] scored the first ever hat-trick for the club in any competition and Bengaluru FC won 3–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mumbai/2383748/report|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 3–0 Mumbai FC: CK Vineeth's hat-trick propels Blues back to summit|first1=Swapnaneel|last1=Parasar|first2=Siddhant|last2=Patni|date=18 January 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Playing the next game against Kolkata rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]], Bengaluru FC took a lead in 23rd minute with C.K. Vineeth's goal, but East Bengal quickly equalized through [[Ivan Bukenya]] five minutes later. In the second half, East Bengal exploited Bengaluru's vulnerable defense and finally, the substitute and former Bengaluru FC player [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] scored the winner in 79th minute, thus handing Bengaluru FC their first defeat of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/east-bengal-vs-bengaluru/2383754/report|title=I-League 2017: East Bengal 2–1 Bengaluru FC: Robin Singh strikes condemns The Blues to first defeat|first=Kaustav|last=Bera|date=22 January 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Bengaluru FC lost the subsequent away game against former champions [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]. [[Sunil Chhetri]] opened the lead for the team, but the defense could not contain attacks from the Goan team and conceded a goal each in both the halves, losing the game 1–2. Bengaluru FC defender [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] was sent-off in the closing minutes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/churchill-brothers-vs-bengaluru/2383756/report|title=I-League 2017: Churchill Brothers 2–1 Bengaluru FC: Ten-men Blues handed a lesson in Goa|date=27 January 2017|work=Goal.com|first=Anselm|last=Noronha}}</ref>

=====February=====
Benglauru FC began February with a game against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.]] on 5 February 2017. Bengaluru looked to be heading for another defeat when DSK Shivajians were leading 2–0 in the second half with a brace from [[Holicharan Narzary]], but a goal from [[Sunil Chhetri]] and a last gasp header from the defender [[Salam Ranjan Singh]] ensured a point for the visitors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shivajians-vs-bengaluru/2383766/report|title=I-League 2017: DSK Shivajians 2–2 Bengaluru FC – The Blues still in search of the elusive victory|first=Nikhil|last=Jitendran|date=5 February 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Bengaluru's winless run continued against the debutant [[Minerva Punjab F.C.]] when in spite of taking the lead in the second half with [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s goal, [[Sandesh Jhingan]]'s own goal meant 1–1 draw for Bengaluru. The game extended Bengaluru FC's winless run to five games across all competitions, their worst run since team's inception in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-minerva-punjab/2383773/report|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 1–1 Minerva Punjab – Warriors break the hosts perfect home run|work=Goal.com|first=Anselm|last=Noronha|date=11 February 2017}}</ref> Facing [[Aizawl F.C.]] next, Bengaluru FC had to endure another draw when they had to settle for 1–1. After conceding the lead, [[Sunil Chhetri]] equalized but missed the penalty in the second half and subsequently could not find a winner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2383776/report|title=I-League 2017: Aizawl FC 1–1 Bengaluru FC – Sunil Chhetri avoids defeat for the Blues|first=Anselm|last=Noronha|date=15 February 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> With his goal, Chhetri also became the highest Indian goal scorer in [[National Football League (India)|National Football League]] and [[I-League]] combined, surpassing [[Bhaichung Bhutia]], who scored 89 goals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2017/02/16/32717152/i-league-chhetri-breaks-scoring-record|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC skipper Sunil Chhetri becomes all time top scorer in Indian top-flight football|date=16 February 2017|work=Goal.com|first=Ashwin|last= Muralidharan}}</ref> Bengaluru further failed to win against [[Mumbai F.C.]] in the away game, when they failed to break the deadlock against defensive home team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mumbai-vs-bengaluru/2391581/report|title=I-League 2017: Mumbai FC 0–0 Bengaluru FC – Stuttering Blues fail to break Cooperage jinx|work=Goal.com|first=Manasi|last=Pathak|date=18 February 2017}}</ref> Playing the next game against table toppers [[East Bengal F.C.]], Bengaluru lost the home game 1–3 with their former player [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] scoring a brace and [[C.K. Vineeth]] scoring Bengaluru FC's only goal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-east-bengal/2391586|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 1–3 East Bengal: Red and Golds dismantle Blues in home parish|first=Nikhil|last=Jitendran|date=25 February 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

=====March=====
Bengaluru FC ended their nine games winless streak on 5 March 2017 when they defeated [[Minerva Punjab F.C.]] by a solitary goal from [[Lenny Rodrigues]] in 17th minute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/minerva-punjab-vs-bengaluru/2391593/report|title=I-League 2017: Minerva Punjab 0–1 Bengaluru FC: Lenny Rodrigues' strike helps Blues reverse winless slump|first=Joy|last=Gabriel|work=Goal.com|date=5 March 2017}}</ref> The blues further dropped the points playing against [[Chennai City F.C.]] when [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]'s own goal in the second half was compensated by [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]], but Bengaluru failed to find the winner and had to settle for a point, in spite of being the dominant team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/chennai-city-vs-bengaluru/2391597/report|title=I-League 2017: Chennai City FC 1–1 Bengaluru FC: John Johnson's own goal helps Blues drop points|work=Goal.com|first=Ashwin|last=Muralidharan|date=8 March 2017}}</ref> Before heading for the international break, Bengaluru faced [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]] Mohun Bagan were reduced to 10-men after [[Subhasish Bose]] was sent off in the second half, but Bengaluru could not find the winner and had to be content with another draw.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2391599/report|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 0–0 Mohun Bagan – Referee takes centre-stage as Blues hold Mariners|work=Goal.com|first=Ramchandran|last=Sriram|date=11 March 2017}}</ref>

=====April=====
[[File:Bengaluru FC vs Aizawl before the kick-off.jpg|thumb|left|Bengaluru FC and Aizawl F.C. lining up before the kick-off]]
Having faced [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]] in March, Bengaluru FC faced Kolkata rivals again in the reverse fixture on 1 April 2017. Bengaluru rested [[Sunil Chhetri]] and [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]] for the upcoming AFC fixture. With a brace from [[Katsumi Yusa]], Mohun Bagan routed the defending champions 3–0 and officially put the title out of Bengaluru's hands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/india/story/3093901/bengaluru-fall-apart-in-kolkata-as-title-dream-ends|title=Bengaluru fall apart in Kolkata as title dream ends|first=Debayan|last=Sen|work=[[ESPN]]|date=1 April 2017}}</ref> With the season approaching the end, Bengaluru FC faced the title contenders [[Aizawl F.C.]] on 9 April 2017. Aizawl led other title contender, East Bengal by 3 points at the time and a win would strengthen their position at the top of the table. However, after the hard-fought game, Bengaluru FC earned a free-kick right outside the box in the injury time. [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s kick was converted by [[Marjan Jugović]]'s header into the last minute goal, thus earning full 3 points for the home team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-aizawl/2391607/report|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 1–0 Aizawl FC – Late Marjan goal blows title race wide open|first=Ramchandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com|date=9 April 2017}}</ref> Aiming to finish the season on a high, Bengaluru FC travelled to [[Shillong]] on 15 April 2017. After insipid start, Bengaluru FC controlled the game and took the lead in 26th minute when [[Sunil Chhetri]] scored a goal. Bengaluru strengthened their lead in the second half with [[Harmanjot Khabra]] scored his first goal for the club. With the win, Bengaluru regained the fourth position in the table.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shillong-lajong-vs-bengaluru/2391613/report|title=I-League 2017: Shillong Lajong 0–2 Bengaluru FC – Mighty Blues register win against sloppy Lajong|work=Goal.com|first= Worngachan|last= Shatsang|date=15 April 2017}}</ref> In the penultimate game of the season, the blues faced [[DSK Shivajians F.C.]] at home. In a clinical display, Bengaluru scored 7 goals and maintained a clean sheet. Man of the match, [[Sunil Chhetri]] scored a brace and assisted in three goals, where as [[Alwyn George]], [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]], [[Seminlen Doungel]], [[C.K. Vineeth]], and [[Sandesh Jhingan]] pitched in with a goal each. This was also the biggest margin of win for Bengaluru FC since their inception in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-shivajians/2433183/report|title=I-League 2017: REPORT: Bengaluru FC 7–0 DSK Shivajians: Sunil Chhetri show as Shivajians overrun by seven-star Blues|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|date=22 April 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> The blues finished season on a high note, scoring a dominant 3–0 win against former champions, [[Churchill Brothers S.C.]] Roca rested key players ahead of AFC cup game and fielded the reserve team. [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]], [[Udanta Singh]] and [[Mandar Rao Desai]] scored a goal each to secure 4th position for Bengaluru FC, the lowest for the club since its inception.<ref>{{cite web|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC 3–0 Churchill Brothers: Youngsters impress as Blues cement a top-four finish|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-churchill-brothers/2442845/report|date=29 April 2017|first=Ramachandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

====Matches====
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Shillong Lajong"
|round = Round 1
|date=7 January 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=3–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/champions-set-off-their-voyage-in-style/ Report] [http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/748_Match_Summary_V1_1483804836.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1=[[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{goal|27||69}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|33}} [[Sena Ralte]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2= [[Rupert Nongrum|Nongrum]] {{yel|89}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=10,106
|referee=[[C. R. Srikrishna]]
|result=W
|motm = [[Udanta Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Chennai City"
|round = Round 2
|date=14 January 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=2–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/blues-super-subs-score-to-maintain-all-win-record/ Report] [http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/756_Match_Summary_V1_1484409851.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|goals1=[[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|63}} [[Roby Norales|Norales]] {{goal|77}} [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=12,397
|referee=R Saha
|result=W
|motm = [[Karanjit Singh]] (Chennai City)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Mumbai"
|round = Round 3
|date=18 January 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=3–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/vineeths-hat-trick-propels-blues-to-the-top/ Report] [http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/761_Match_Summary_V1_1484754551.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|goals1=[[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|31}} [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|45+1||57||65}} [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|73}}
|goals2= [[Steven Dias|Dias]] {{yel|54}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=8,073
|referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
|result=W
|motm = [[C.K. Vineeth]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="East Bengal v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 4
|date=22 January 2017
|time= 16:35 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score=2–1
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/robin-scores-to-clinch-a-win-against-the-blues/ Report] [http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/767_Match_Summary_V1_1485092097.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=[[Ivan Bukenya|Bukenya]] {{goal|28}} [[Mehtab Hossain|Hossain]] {{yel|31}} [[Lalrindika Ralte|Ralte]] {{yel|34}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2= [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|23}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|31}} [[Sena Ralte|Ralte]] {{yel|78}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Barasat Stadium]]
|attendance=10,263
|referee=Ajit Meetei
|result=L
|motm = [[Ivan Bukenya]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Churchill Brothers v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 5
|date=27 January 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score=2–1
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/churchill-brothers-stun-blues-grab-first-win/ Report] [http://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/769_Match_Summary_V1_1485533407.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=[[Fulganco Cardozo|Cardozo]] {{yel|21}} [[Anthony Wolfe|Wolfe]] {{goal|33}} [[Chesterpoul Lyngdoh|C. Lyngdoh]] {{goal|53}}
|goals2= [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|22|pen.}} [[Juanan]] {{yel|31}} [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{sent off|0|84}}
|location=[[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]]
|stadium=[[Tilak Maidan Stadium]]
|attendance=2,341
|referee=Ranjit Bakshi
|result=L
|motm = [[Chesterpoul Lyngdoh]] (Churchill Brothers)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="DSK Shivajians v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 7
|date=5 February 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|score=2–2
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/holicharans-brace-plunders-a-point-against-champions/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/802_Match_Summary_V1_1486309519.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Saša Kolunija|Kolunjia]] {{yel|14}}
* [[Holicharan Narzary|Narzary]] {{goal|41||55}}
* [[Subrata Paul|Paul]] {{yel|76}}
|goals2=
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|74}}
* [[Salam Ranjan Singh|S. Singh]] {{goal|90}}
|location=[[Pune]]
|stadium=Balewadi Stadium
|attendance=1,472
|referee=Tejas Nagvenkar
|result=D
|motm = [[Holicharan Narzary]] (DSK Shivajians)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Minerva Punjab"
|round = Round 8
|date=11 February 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=1–1
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/minerva-steal-a-point-from-blues-fortress/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/809_Match_Summary_V1_1486828872.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|goals1=
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|52}}
|goals2=
* [[Arashpreet Singh|A. Singh]] {{yel|31}}
* [[Loveday Enyinnaya|Enyinnaya]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{goal|78|o.g.}}
* [[Nuruddin Sameer|Nuruddin]] {{yel|88}}
* [[Manandeep Singh|Singh]] {{yel|90+1}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=7,812
|referee=Venkatesh R
|result=D
|motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Aizawl v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 9
|date=15 February 2017
|time= 14:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score=1–1
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/chhetris-record-breaking-strike-denies-aizawl-a-win/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/812_Match_Summary_V1_1487158710.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Ashutosh Mehta|Mehta]] {{yel|23}}
* [[Brandon Vanlalremdika|Vanlalremdika]] {{goal|40}}
* [[Lalruatthara]] {{yel|53}}
|goals2=
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|21}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|45}}
|location=[[Aizawl]]
|stadium=[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|Rajiv Gandhi Stadium]]
|attendance=6,750
|referee=[[Rowan Arumughan]]
|result=D
|motm = [[Albino Gomes]] (Aizawl)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Mumbai v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 10
|date=18 February 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|score=0–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/mumbai-hold-bengaluru-to-frustrating-draw/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/852_Match_Summary_V1_1487434109.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Shilton D'Silva|D'Silva]] {{yel|66}}
* [[Thoi Singh Khangebam|T. Singh]] {{yel|88}}
|goals2=
* [[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{yel|3}}
* [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|30}}
|location=[[Mumbai]]
|stadium=[[Cooperage Ground]]
|attendance=3,624
|referee=[[C.R. Srikrishna]]
|result=D
|motm = [[Densill Theobald]] (Mumbai)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v East Bengal"
|round = Round 11
|date=25 February 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=1–3
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/east-bengal-pull-off-double-over-blues/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/857_Match_Summary_V1_1488038553.pdf Report]
|team2=[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1=[[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|66}} [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|69}} [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|85}}{{yel|88}}
|goals2=[[Wedson Anselme|Wedson]] {{goal|23}} [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Singh]] {{goal|54||59}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance= 12,642
|referee= Venkatesh R
|result= L
|motm = [[Robin Singh (footballer)|Robin Singh]] (East Bengal)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Minerva Punjab v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 12
|date=5 March 2017
|time= 16:35 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Minerva Punjab F.C.|Minerva Punjab]]
|score=0–1
|report= [http://i-league.org/i-league/lennys-strike-ends-minervas-unbeaten-run/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/864_Match_Summary_V1_1488720038.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Kareem Omolaja|Kareem]] {{yel|65}}
|goals2=
* [[Lenny Rodrigues|Rodrigues]] {{goal|17}}
* [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{yel|37}}
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|47}}
|location=[[Ludhiana]]
|stadium=[[Guru Nanak Stadium]]
|attendance=3,175
|referee=Palmson Raj
|result=W
|motm = [[Lenny Rodrigues]] (Benglauru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Chennai City v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 13
|date=8 March 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Chennai City F.C.|Chennai City]]
|score=1–1
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/gutsy-chennai-deny-bengaluru-elusive-away-win/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/868_Match_Summary_V1_1488988046.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{goal|53|o.g.}}
|goals2=
* [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|58}}
* [[Juanan]] {{yel|61}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|90+5}}
|location=[[Chennai]]
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance=1,123
|referee=Umesh Bora
|result=D
|motm = [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Mohun Bagan"
|round = Round 14
|date=11 March 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=0–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/10-man-mariners-denied-by-blues-in-bengaluru/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/870_Match_Summary_V1_1489248789.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1=
* [[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{yel|27}}
* [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|90}}
|goals2=
* [[Subhasish Bose|Bose]] {{sent off|2|9|69}}
* [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|90+5}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=10,124
|referee=[[C.R. Srikrishna]]
|result=D
|motm = [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id="Mohun Bagan v Bengaluru FC"
|round=Round 6
|date=1 April 2017
|time=19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score=3–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/katsumis-brace-reignites-mariners-title-hope/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/927_Match_Summary_V1_1491062877.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Katsumi Yusa|Katsumi]] {{goal|14||53||}}
* [[Darryl Duffy|Duffy]] {{goal|25}}
|goals2=
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|81}}
|location=[[Kolkata]]
|stadium=[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|attendance=6,420
|result=L
|referee=[[Santosh Kumar (referee)|Santosh Kumar]]
|motm=[[Katsumi Yusa]] (Mohun Bagan)
|note=The match originally scheduled for 1 February 2017; Postponed due to [[2016 AFC Champions League]] and [[2016 AFC Cup]] qualifiers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/02/01/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/bengaluru/2383762/|title=Mohun Bagan vs Bengaluru FC|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Aizawl"
|round = Round 15
|date=9 April 2017
|time= 16:35 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=1–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/defending-champions-break-aizawl-fcs-heart/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/879_Match_Summary_V1_1491745360.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|goals1=
* [[Juanan]] {{yel|42}}
* [[Marjan Jugovic|Jugovic]] {{yel|63}} {{goal|90+4}}
* [[Lenny Rodrigues|Rodrigues]] {{yel|76}}
|goals2=
* [[Zohmingliana Ralte|Z. Ralte]] {{yel|43}}
* [[Kingsley Obumneme|Obumneme]] {{yel|87}}
* [[Alfred Jaryan|Jaryan]] {{yel|90+3}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=6,834
|referee=Venkatesh R
|result=W
|motm = [[Jayesh Rane]] (Aizawl)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Shillong Lajong v Bengaluru FC"
|round = Round 16
|date=15 April 2017
|time= 14:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score=0–2
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-outshine-lajong-to-rise-to-fourth/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/885_Match_Summary_V1_1492254332.pdf Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Redeem Tlang|Tlang]] {{yel|80}}
|goals2=
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|26}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|45}}
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{goal|49}} {{yel|80}}
* [[Juanan]] {{yel|73}}
|location=[[Shillong]]
|stadium=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance=5,400
|referee=Tanmoy Dhar
|result=W
|motm = [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v DSK Shivajians"
|round = Round 17
|date=22 April 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=7–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/chhetri-leads-blues-to-biggest-win-this-season/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/1035_Match_Summary_V1_1492876459.pdf Report]
|team2=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|goals1=
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|20||66}}
* [[Alwyn George|George]] {{goal|22}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|25}}
* [[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{goal|31}}
* [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|78}}
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{goal|90}}
* [[Malsawmzuala]] {{yel|90+3}}
|goals2=
* [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Mawihmingthanga]] {{yel|40}}
* [[Shane McFaul|McFaul]] {{yel|56}}
* [[Juan Quero|Quero]] {{yel|85}}
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance= 5,472
|referee= Tejas Nagvenkar
|result=W
|motm = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible |id="Bengaluru FC v Churchill Brothers"
|round = Round 18
|date= 29 April 2017
|time= 19:05 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=3–0
|report=[http://i-league.org/i-league/bfc-end-campaign-in-style-finish-at-fourth-spot/ Report] [https://administrator.the-aiff.com/reports/1191_Match_Summary_V1_1493481213.pdf Report]
|team2=[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1=
* [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia|Lalhlimpuia]] {{goal|5}}
* [[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{goal|36}}
* [[Mandar Rao Desai|Desai]] {{goal|82}}
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|89}}
|goals2=
|location=[[Bengaluru]]
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance=5,311
|referee=Om Prakash Thakur
|result=W
|motm = [[Mandar Rao Desai]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}

====Table====
{{:2016–17 I-League|showteam=BFC}}

====Results by round====
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b|header=Round

|label1= Ground
| res1=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Barasat Stadium|A]]/[[Tilak Maidan Stadium|A]]/[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium|A]]/A/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Aizawl|A]]/[[Cooperage Ground|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Guru Nanak Stadium|A]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|A]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]/[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium|H]]
|label2= Result
| res2=W/W/W/L/L/L/D/D/D/D/L/W/D/D/W/W/W/W
|label3= Position
| res3=1/1/1/4/4/4/5/5/5/5/5/4/5/5/5/4/4/4

|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_18-=red1

|updated=29 April 2017
|source=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/ I-League]
|date=December 2016
}}

===2016 AFC Cup===
{{see also|2015–16 Bengaluru FC season#AFC Cup}}
{{main|2016 AFC Cup knock-out stage}}

In [[2015–16 Bengaluru FC season|previous season]], Bengaluru FC advanced to the quarter-finals of [[2016 AFC Cup]].

====Quarter-finals====
On 9 June 2016, Bengaluru FC were drawn against [[2015 S.League]] runner-up, [[Tampines Rovers FC]] for two-legged quarter final.<ref name="qfdraw">{{cite web|url=http://www.the-afc.com/afc-cup-2016/holders-jdt-set-to-face-south-china-in-afc-cup-quarter-finals|title=Holders JDT set to face South China in AFC Cup quarter-finals|publisher=AFC|date=9 June 2016}}</ref> Owing to the ongoing disturbances in the city for [[Kaveri river water dispute]], the first game was played [[Behind closed doors (sport)|behind the closed doors]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/3629/afc-cup/2016/09/13/27457212/bengaluru-will-play-afc-cup-quarter-final-behind-closed|title=OFFICIAL: Bengaluru FC's AFC Cup quarter-final against Tampines Rovers to be held behind closed doors|date=13 September 2016|work=Goal.com|first1=Atanu|last1=Mitra|first2=Shashank|last2=Ghosh}}</ref> Bengaluru FC won the first leg 1–0 with the goal from [[C.K. Vineeth]] in the 7th minute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-tampines-rovers/2239018/report|title=AFC Cup: Bengaluru FC 1–0 Tampines Rovers – Blues put an impressive show to gain first leg advantage|date=14 September 2016|first= Ramachandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com}}</ref> In the return leg, neither team scored a goal and Bengaluru FC advanced to the semi-finals for the first time. Bengaluru became the third team from India after [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] (2008) and [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] (2013) to reach the semi-finals in [[AFC Cup]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/tampines-rovers-vs-bengaluru/2239022/report|title=AFC Cup 2016: Tampines Rovers 0–0 (0–1 on agg.) Bengaluru FC: Blues become third Indian club to reach AFC Cup semi-finals|first=Swapnaneel|last=Parasar|date=21 September 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|id="Bengaluru FC v Tampines Rovers"
|round=[[2016 AFC Cup knockout stage#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]
|date={{Start date|2016|9|14|df=y}}
|time={{UTZ|16:00|5:30}}
|team1=Bengaluru FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score=1–0
|team2={{flagicon|SIN}} [[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]]
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10486&stageid=413&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|goals1= [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|7}} [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|45+1}} [[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{yel|53}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location=[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[India]]
|attendance=120
|referee=[[Ahmed Al-Kaf]] ([[Oman Football Association|Oman]])
|result=W
|mvp= [[C.K. Vineeth]] (Bengaluru FC)
|stack=yes
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id="Tampines Rovers v Bengaluru FC"
|round=[[2016 AFC Cup knockout stage#Quarter-finals|Quarter-finals]]
|date={{Start date|2016|9|21|df=y}}
|time={{UTZ|19:30|8}}
|team1=[[Tampines Rovers FC|Tampines Rovers]] {{flagicon|SIN}}
|score=0–0
|aggregatescore =0–1
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|report=[http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10490&stageid=413&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary Report]
|goals1=[[Jordan Webb|Webb]] {{yel|36}}
|goals2=[[Amrinder Singh|A. Singh]] {{yel|30}}
|stadium=[[Jalan Besar Stadium]]
|location=[[Singapore]]
|attendance=1,985
|referee=[[Kim Dong-jin (referee)|Kim Dong-jin]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|result=D
|mvp=[[Izwan Mahbud]] (Tampines Rovers)
|stack=yes
}}

====Semi-finals====
Bengaluru FC faced defending champions [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] in semi finals. In the away leg, Johor took a lead with [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz|Pereyra Diaz]]'s header in 52nd minute, Bengaluru equalized 4 minutes later with [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]'s goal and the game ended 1–1 with a crucial away goal for Bengaluru FC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/7347-one-step-from-history-eugeneson-strikes-as-bengaluru-hold-johor-1-1-in-afc-cup-semi-1st-leg|title=ONE STEP FROM HISTORY: Eugeneson strikes as Bengaluru hold Johor 1–1 in AFC Cup semi 1st leg|work=The Fan Garage|date=28 September 2016}}</ref>

The second leg was a big fanfare for the home team, as Bengaluru FC could be the first Indian team to advance beyond semi finals in the AFC cup. Even the traditional rival teams like [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]], [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]], as well as other I-League clubs such as [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]], [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] and [[Indian Super League]] clubs extended their support to Bengaluru FC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/Bengaluru-FC-Ask-Rival-Fans-To-Back-Them-In-Historic-Match-Its-Time-For-India-To-Unite#.34bb3s8x1|title=Fans Unite, Rivals Rally Behind Bengaluru FC on What Is A Massive Day For Indian Football|date=17 October 2016|work=Scoopwhoop}}</ref> In the game, Johor Darul Ta'zim took the early lead in 12th minute against the run of play. Before the half time, Bengaluru restored the parity with [[Sunil Chhetri]]'s header. The home team continued the dominance in the second half with Chhetri scoring a brace and [[Juanan]] scoring a header and his first goal for the team. Bengaluru advanced to the final for the first time with 4–2 aggregate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/3629/afc-cup/2016/10/20/28651382/bengaluru-fc-midfield-dominance-boosts-tactically|title=Bengaluru FC: Midfield dominance boosts tactically intelligent Albert Roca|first=Rahul|last=Bali|work=Goal.com|date=20 October 2016}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|id=Johor Darul Ta'zim v Bengaluru FC
|round=[[2016 AFC Cup knockout stage#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|date={{Start date|2016|9|28|df=y}}
|time={{UTZ|20:45|8}}
|team1=[[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] {{flagicon|MAS}}
|score=1–1
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10492&stageid=413&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|goals1=[[Marcos Antônio Elias Santos|Antônio]] {{yel|33}} [[Jorge Pereyra Díaz|Pereyra Diaz]] {{goal|52}} {{yel|55}} [[Mohd Amri Yahyah|Yahyah]] {{yel|76}} [[Juan Martín Lucero|Lucero]] {{yel|81}}
|goals2= [[Salam Ranjan Singh|S. Singh]] {{yel|45+1}} [[Juanan]] {{yel|55}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|56}}
|stadium=[[Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium|Larkin Stadium]]
|location=[[Johor Bahru]], [[Malaysia]]
|attendance=18,000
|result=D
|stack=yes
|mvp=[[Mohd Safiq Rahim]] (Johor Darul Ta'zim)
|referee=[[Adham Makhadmeh]] ([[Jordan Football Association|Jordan]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id=Bengaluru FC v Johor Darul Ta'zim
|round=[[2016 AFC Cup knockout stage#Semi-finals|Semi-finals]]
|date={{Start date|2016|10|19|df=y}}
|time={{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1=Bengaluru FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score= 3–1
|aggregatescore= 4–2
|team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]]
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10494&stageid=413&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|goals1=[[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|41||67}} [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{yel|73}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|75}} [[Juanan]] {{goal|76}} [[Alvaro Rubio|Rubio]] {{yel|77}} [[Amrinder Singh|A. Singh]] {{yel|90+3}}
|goals2=[[Mohd Safiq Rahim|Safiq]] {{goal|11}} [[Marcos António Elias Santos|António]] {{yel|25}} [[Gary Steven Robbat|Robbat]] {{yel|77}}
|stadium=[[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location=[[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], [[India]]
|attendance=21,379
|result=W
|stack=yes
|mvp=[[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)
|referee=[[Ali Abdulnabi]] ([[Bahrain Football Association|Bahrain]])
}}

====Final====
{{main|2016 AFC Cup final}}

Bengaluru FC faced Iraqi club [[Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya]] on 5 November 2016 in Doha. Bengaluru FC became the first team from India to advance to the AFC Cup Final. After holding off the attacks in the first half, Bengaluru FC committed a defensive mistake that led to the solitary goal of the game by [[Hammadi Ahmad]] and Bengaluru lost the game 1–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/al-quwa-al-jawiya-vs-bengaluru/2239027|title=AFC Cup Report: Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya 1–0 Bengaluru FC: Air Force Club fly in champions orbit as Bengaluru can't span wings to title|first=Rahul|last=Bali|date=5 November 2016}}</ref> In spite of the loss, Bengaluru FC's journey to the final was hailed as one of the top moments in Indian sports and [[Football in India|Indian football]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/18356276/no-4-bengaluru-fc-make-afc-cup-final|title=Top 10 stories of 2016: No. 4 – Bengaluru FC make AFC Cup final|first=Debayan|last=Sen|date=29 December 2016|work=[[ESPN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news18.com/footballnext/news/indian-football-in-2016-bengaluru-fc-shine-in-another-dull-year-1326779.html|title=Indian Football in 2016: Bengaluru FC Shine in Another Dull Year|date=23 December 2016|work=[[News18 India]]}}</ref> Reacting to the loss, Albert Roca said:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/afc-champions-league/story/2990151/albert-roca-speaks-after-bengaluru-fc-lose-in-afc-cup-final|title='This is the beginning of a new era' – Roca|date=5 November 2016|work=[[ESPN]]|first=Debayan|last=Sen}}</ref>

{{cquote|I think we have to look forward (about Indian football) and we must be honest. We can say these guys were here in the final because they deserved that, but not enough to win. We must not stop, we must be aware of the reality, and there's a lot to do. A lot of growing up has to be done. As I said, 'not enough'. We have to work hard and be more competitive than today. We have achieved a level that we are not used to in our league. But that's not only on us, it is important to have a more competitive league. You have to be honest about where you are right now. India has never shown an incredible level, but today we have shown that we can. This experience is perfect to accept that there's a long way to go ahead. Let's just go there. I am proud of my players because they tried.}}

{{Football box collapsible
|id=Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya v Bengaluru FC
|round=[[2016 AFC Cup final|Final]]
|date={{Start date|2016|11|5|df=y}}
|time={{UTZ|19:00|3}}
|team1=[[Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya]] {{flagicon|IRQ}}
|score=1–0
|team2={{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|goals1=[[Hammadi Ahmad|Ahmad]] {{goal|70}} [[Fahad Talib|Talib]] {{yel|90+5}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Suheim Bin Hamad Stadium]]
|location= [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]
|attendance=5,806
|referee=[[Kim Jong-hyeok]] ([[Korea Football Association|South Korea]])
|report=http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10495&stageid=413&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result=L
|stack=no
|mvp=[[Hammadi Ahmad]] (Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya)
}}

===AFC Champions League===
{{main|2017 AFC Champions League}}

The [[AFC Champions League]] is the premier continental football competition organized by the [[Asian Football Confederation]] (AFC). As the champions of the [[I-League]] the [[2015–16 I-League|previous season]], Bengaluru FC earned a chance to qualify for the tournament. India did not have a direct-entry spot in the AFC Champions League and thus the champion team from India had to qualify for the tournament through the preliminary rounds. Bengaluru FC were put up against [[Al-Wehdat SC|Al-Wehdat]] of [[Jordan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/football/afc-champions-league/story/3013903/bengaluru-fc-to-face-jordans-al-wehdat-in-afc-champions-league-in-preliminary-stage|title=Bengaluru FC to face Jordan's Al Wehdat in AFC Champions League|date=7 December 2017|work=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Unlike previous seasons, India were put back into the Western Zone of Asia by the AFC.

During the match on 21 January 2017, Al-Wehdat started the game aggressively. Despite Al-Wehdat holding most of the momentum, the club were held goalless at halftime by Bengaluru FC. The Jordanian side however scored two goals quickly during the second half, including one from the penalty spot. [[Sunil Chhetri]] pulled one back for Bengaluru FC from a [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]] corner but that proved to be just a consolation as Bengaluru FC were defeated 2–1. The defeat meant that Bengaluru FC would not compete in that season's AFC Champions League and would thus have to compete in the [[2017 AFC Cup]], Asia's secondary competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/al-wihdat-vs-bengaluru/2381494/report|title=AFC Champions League: Al Wehdat 2–1 Bengaluru FC – Jordanians progress at the expense of Blues|work=Goal.com|date=31 January 2017}}</ref>

{{Football box collapsible
|round = [[2017 AFC Champions League qualifying play-off#Preliminary round 2|PR 2]]
|id = Al-Wehdat v Bengaluru FC
|date = {{Start date|2017|1|31|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:00|2}}
|team1 = [[Al-Wehdat SC|Al-Wehdat]] {{flagicon|JOR}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|goals1 =
* [[Ahmad Maher Wridat|Wridat]] {{goal|48}}
* [[Baha' Faisal|Faisal]] {{goal|65|pen.}}
|goals2 =
* [[Sena Ralte|Ralte]] {{yel|64}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|68}}
|stadium = [[King Abdullah II Stadium]]
|location = [[Amman]], [[Jordan]]
|attendance =10,000
|referee = [[Nagor Amir Noor Mohamed]] ([[Football Association of Malaysia|Malaysia]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10661&stageid=420&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = L
|stack = yes
|mvp = [[Juanan]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}

===2017 AFC Cup===
{{main|2017 AFC Cup}}

Bengaluru FC competed in Group E alongside [[2016 Dhivehi Premier League]] champions [[Maziya S&RC]], [[2016 Bangladesh Federation Cup]] winners [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], and [[2015–16 Indian Federation Cup]] and South Asia play-off winner, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]]

====Group stage====
{{main|2017 AFC Cup group stage#Group E}}

Runner-up in the previous edition, Bengaluru FC started their AFC Cup against fellow [[I-League]] team, [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]] at home on 14 March 2017. Bengaluru FC were trailing in the first half when [[Sandesh Jhingan]] fouled [[Sony Norde]] inside the box and conceded a penalty, converted by [[Katsumi Yusa]]. However, Bengaluru came back strongly in the second half and scored two quick goals, by Sandesh Jhingan and [[Sunil Chhetri]], enough to earn them three points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2401023/report|title=AFC Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC 2 -1 Mohun Bagan AC – Chhetri strikes as Bengaluru FC stage a comeback|first=Ramchandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com|date=14 March 2017}}</ref> Facing [[Maziya S&RC]] next, Bengaluru FC had to wait till 93rd minute for [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] winner from [[Marjan Jugovic]] assist to win the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/maziya-vs-bengaluru/2382947/report|title=AFC Cup 2017: Maziya S&RC 0–1 Bengaluru FC – Johnson scores at the death to give the Blues all three points|first=Kaustav|last=Bera|date=4 April 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Bengaluru continued their unbeaten run in the cup when they faced [[Dhaka Abahani]] at home. A goal in each half from [[Nishu Kumar]] and [[Marjan Jugović]] ensured the top place in group E at the end of the first round of fixtures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-abahani/2383019/report|title=AFC Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC 2–0 Abahani Limited Dhaka – Blues strengthen grip on top of Group E|date=18 April 2017|first=Ramachandran|last=Sriram|work=Goal.com}}</ref>

Bengaluru FC suffered their first loss in the tournament against [[Dhaka Abahani]] in the reverse fixture, when they failed to overcome 10-men hosts and conceded two goals in the closing minutes.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/10616-bengaluru-suffer-first-loss-in-their-afc-cup-campaign-lose-0-2-to-ten-man-abahani-away-from-|title=Bengaluru suffer first loss in their AFC Cup campaign, lose 0–2 to ten-man Abahani away from home|date=3 May 2017|work=TFG team}}</ref> Bengaluru FC then faced [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]] away from home. Due to upcoming [[2017 Indian Federation Cup final|Federation Cup Final]], both teams fielded their reserve teams, with Albert Roca opting for all-Indian eleven. The game ended 3–1 against the blues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/2401049/report|title=AFC Cup 2017 REPORT: Mohun Bagan 3–1 Bengaluru FC – Mariners secure a morale boosting victory ahead of Fed Cup final|first=Kaustav|last=Bera|work=goal.com|date=17 May 2017}}</ref> Trailing the group leader [[Maziya S&RC]] by 3 points, a win would put Bengaluru FC equal on points, but ahead on head-to-head record, after the final game. Bengaluru enjoyed the lion share of possession in the first half, but could not find a goal. Ten minutes in the second half, Bengaluru were awarded a free-kick just outside the penalty box and [[Sunil Chhetri]] successfully converted it to make it 1–0 for the home team. Bengaluru held on to the lead till the end and handed the fourth defeat to Maldivian opponent in as many games. Bengaluru then played in the knock-out stage in [[2017–18 Bengaluru FC season|2017–18 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-maziya/2383036/report|title=AFC Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC 1–0 Maziya S&RC: Sunil Chhetri freekick sends Eagles through|work=Goal.com|first=Ramachandran|last=Sriram|date=31 May 2017}}</ref>

{{:2017 AFC Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group E|only_pld_pts=no_hide_class_rules|showteam=BFC}}

{{Football box collapsible
|id = Bengaluru FC v Mohun Bagan
|date = {{Start date|2017|3|14|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1 = Bengaluru FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 2–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 =
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|36}} {{goal|51}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|57}}
* [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|58}}
* [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|69}}
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|90+2}}
|goals2 =
* [[Katsumi Yusa|Yusa]] {{goal|36|pen.}}
* [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{yel|74}}
|location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|attendance = 3,692
|referee = Shukri Al-Hunfush ([[Saudi Arabian Football Federation|Saudi Arabia]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10723&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = W
|mvp = [[Sunil Chhetri]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = Maziya v Bengaluru FC
|date = {{Start date|2017|4|4|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|16:00|5}}
|team1 = [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]] {{flagicon|MDV}}
|score =0–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|goals1 =
* [[Hussain Niyaz Mohamed|Niyaz]] {{yel|90+2}}
|goals2 =
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|80}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|90+2}}
* [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{goal|90+4}}
|location =[[Malé]], [[Maldives]]
|stadium = [[National Football Stadium (Maldives)|National Football Stadium]]
|attendance =846
|referee =[[Sultan Al-Marzooqi]] ([[United Arab Emirates Football Association|United Arab Emirates]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10726&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = W
|mvp = [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = Bengaluru FC v Dhaka Abahani
|date = {{Start date|2017|4|18|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1 = Bengaluru FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score = 2–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]]
|goals1 =
* [[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{goal|40}}
* [[Marjan Jugović|Jugović]] {{goal|82}}
|goals2 =
* Chowdhury {{yel|43}}
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
|attendance = 2,012
|referee = Kasimov Sherzod ([[Uzbekistan Football Federation|Uzbekistan]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10728&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = W
|mvp = [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = Dhaka Abahani v Bengaluru FC
|date = {{Start date|2017|5|3|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|18:10|6}}
|team1 = [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] {{flagicon|BAN}}
|score = 2–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|goals1 =
* [[Rubel Miya|Miya]] {{yel|69}} {{goal|90+3}}
* [[Mohammad Chowdhury|Chowdhury]] {{sent off|2|74|81}}
* [[Saad Uddin|Uddin]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2 =
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|40}}
* [[John Johnson (footballer)|Johnson]] {{yel|52}}
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|62}}
* [[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{yel|84}}
|location = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|stadium = [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]]
|attendance = 3,200
|referee = [[Hussein Abo Yehia]] ([[Lebanon Football Association|Lebanon]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10730&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = L
|mvp = Saad Uddin ([[Dhaka Abahani]])
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = Mohun Bagan v Bengaluru FC
|date = {{Start date|2017|5|17|df=y}}
|time ={{UTZ|19:00|5:30}}
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] {{flagicon|IND}}
|score =3–1
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} Bengaluru FC
|goals1 =
* [[Jeje Lalpekhlua|Lalpekhlua]] {{goal|9}}
* [[Kean Lewis|Lewis]] {{goal|74}}
* [[Bikramjit Singh|Bikramjit]] {{goal|80}}
|goals2 =
* [[Seminlen Doungel|Len]] {{goal|52}}
* [[Gursimrat Singh Gill|Gill]] {{yel|87}}
|stadium = [[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|attendance =1,298
|referee = [[Ammar Mahfoodh]] ([[Bahrain Football Association|Bahrain]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10731&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = L
|mvp = [[Jeje Lalpekhlua]] (Mohun Bagan)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id = Bengaluru FC v Maziya
|date = {{Start date|2017|5|31|df=y}}
|time = {{UTZ|19:15|5:30}}
|team1 = Bengaluru FC {{flagicon|IND}}
|score =1–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|MDV}} [[Maziya S&RC|Maziya]]
|goals1 =
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|38}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|57}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|77}}
* [[Nishu Kumar|Nishu]] {{yel|81}}
|goals2 =
* [[Ashad Ali|Ali]] {{yel|62}}
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bangalore]], [[India]]
|attendance =3,713
|referee =[[Lau Fong Hei]] ([[Hong Kong Football Association|Hong Kong]])
|report = http://www.the-afc.com/afcasfeeds?fixtureid=10733&stageid=422&tMode=H&view=ajax&show=matchsummary
|result = W
|mvp =
}}

===Federation Cup===
{{main|2016–17 Indian Federation Cup}}

====Group stage====
Bengaluru FC were drawn with [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]], [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]], and [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]] in Group B. Bengaluru started the campaign with a 3–2 win against [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]. Bengaluru led 1–0 at the half time with a goal from [[Udanta Singh]]. Bengaluru FC conceded two penalties, but managed to save one and total four goals were scored in the second half, but Bengaluru managed to scrape a win.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-shillong-lajong/2447664/report|title=Federation Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC 3–2 Shillong Lajong – Blues scrape past persistent Lajong|first=Ashwin|last=Muralidharan|date=8 May 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref> In the next game against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]], Bengaluru started the game as the dominant team, but were unable to convert chances in the first half, DSK Shivajians however converted a penalty and a freekick in the second half to register their first win against Bengaluru FC and won the game 2–0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shivajians-vs-bengaluru/2447666/live-commentary|title=Federation Cup 2017: DSK Shivajians 2–0 Bengaluru FC – Defiant Shivajians ride Quero's brace to cut down the Blues|date=10 May 2017|first=Ashwin|last=Muralidharan|work=Goal.com}}</ref> Bengaluru faced [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] in the final game of the group stage. After DSK Shivajians lost to Shillong Lajong earlier in the day, Bengaluru needed a draw to advance to semi-finals. Bengaluru took the lead with [[Alwyn George]]'s goal in the 11th minute, but [[Sony Norde]] equalized in the second half from 20 yards, when the defence failed to contain him. Both the teams earned a point and made it to the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2017/05/12/35456332/federation-cup-2017-mohun-bagan-1-1-bengaluru-fc-the-blues|title=Federation Cup 2017: Mohun Bagan 1–1 Bengaluru FC – The Blues set up encounter against Aizawl|work=Goal.com|date=12 May 2017}}</ref>
;Group B
{{:2016–17 Indian Federation Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=BFC}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id="Bengaluru FC v Shillong Lajong"
|date=8 May 2017
|time= 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=3–2
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8147 Report]
|team2=[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1=
* [[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{goal|35}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{goal|46}} {{yel|82}}
* [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{yel|54}}
* [[Sandesh Jhingan|Jhingan]] {{yel|70}}
* [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Khongjee]] {{goal|74|o.g.}}
* [[Salam Ranjan Singh|Ranjan]] {{yel|83}}
|goals2=
* [[Yuta Kinowaki|Kinowaki]] {{goal|72}}
* [[Samuel Lalmuanpuia|S.Lalmuanpuia]] {{goal|84|pen.}}
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=W
|motm = [[Udanta Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id="Bengaluru FC v Shillong Lajong"
|date=10 May 2017
|time= 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]]
|score=2–0
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8152 Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Juan Quero|Quero]] {{goal|71|pen.|76}}
|goals2=
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|58}}
* [[Udanta Singh|Udanta]] {{yel|75}}
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=L
|motm = [[Juan Quero]] (DSK Shivajians)
}}
{{Football box collapsible
|id="Bengaluru FC v Shillong Lajong"
|date=12 May 2017
|time= 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|score=1–1
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8159 Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
* [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{goal|50}}
|goals2=
* [[Alwyn George|George]] {{goal|11}}
* [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{yel|38}}
* [[Seminlen Doungel|Doungel]] {{yel|75}}
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|attendance=
|referee=
|result=D
|motm = [[Raju Gaikwad]] (Mohun Bagan)
}}

====Semi-finals====
In the semi-finals, Bengaluru faced Group A winner and [[2016–17 I-League]] champions Aizawl. Bengaluru took the lead in 8th minute when [[Alwyn George]] was fouled inside the box and Bengaluru were awarded the penalty and [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]] successfully converted the penalty. Bengaluru had more scoring opportunities but could not extend their lead. Aizawl were given the penalty seconds before the final whistle, but [[Amrinder Singh]] saved [[Lalramchullova]]'s shot and sent the team to the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/aizawl-vs-bengaluru/2451702/report|title=Federation Cup 2017: Aizawl FC 0–1 Bengaluru FC – Watson's strike sends Blues to the finale|first=Manasi|last=Pathak|date=14 May 2017|work=Goal.com}}</ref>
{{Football box collapsible
|date=14 May 2017
|time=16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=[[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]]
|score=0–1
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8162 Report]
|team2=Bengaluru FC
|goals1=
|goals2=
* [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Watson]] {{goal|8|pen.}} {{yel}}
* [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{yel|50}}
* [[Amrinder Singh|Amrinder]] {{yel|90}}
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|attendance=
|referee=Rahul Gupta
|result=W
|motm=[[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}

====Final====
[[File:Bengaluru FC crowned 2016–17 Indian Federation Cup champions.jpg|Bengaluru FC won the second Federation Cup title|thumb|left]]
{{main|2017 Indian Federation Cup final}}
Bengaluru FC played the defending champions [[Mohun Bagan A.C.]] in the final on 21 May 2017. After the injury of the captain [[Sunil Chhetri]] in the group stage, due to harsh weather conditions and cramped schedule, Bengaluru FC requested to postpone the match to 24 May, but the request was denied.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/conditions-not-ideal-to-play-quality-football-parth-jindal-tells-aiff/articleshow/58666889.cms|title=Conditions not ideal to play quality football: Parth Jindal tells AIFF|first=Maxin|last=Mathew|work=TNN|date=14 May 2017}}</ref> Before the match, Roca remarked, "I would say Bagan are the favourites with some big names on their roster and the availability of all four foreigners for this fixture. We have no problem being the underdogs." In the match, Bengaluru created flurry of chances, but two of their goals were declared offside and neither team scored a goal in the regulation team. However, [[C.K. Vineeth]], coming off the bench, scored two goals in the extra time and led the team to second triumph in Federation Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2452790/report|title=Federation Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC 2–0 Mohun Bagan – CK Vineeth seals championship victory for the Blues in extra time|first=Manasi|last=Pathak|work=Goal.com|date=21 May 2017}}</ref> As the winner, Bengaluru FC also qualified for [[2018 AFC Cup]], their fourth consecutive appearance in the tournament.
{{Football box collapsible
|date=21 May 2017
|time=19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1=Bengaluru FC
|score=2–0
|aet=yes
|report=[https://www.the-aiff.com/news-center-details.htm?id=8178 Report]
|team2=[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1=
* [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{yel|10}}
* [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|13}}
* [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|107||119}}
|goals2=
* [[Sony Norde|Norde]] {{yel|10}}
* [[Sehnaj Singh|Sehnaj]] {{yel|79}}
* [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|100}}
|stadium=[[Barabati Stadium]]
|location=[[Cuttack]]
|attendance=
|referee=[[C.R. Srikrishna]]
|result=W
|motm=[[Amrinder Singh]] (Bengaluru FC)
}}

==Accolades==
[[Sunil Chhetri]] won Hero of the league award for [[2016–17 I-League]], voted by coaches and captains of the participating teams. Bengaluru FC also won the best organizers award along with [[DSK Shivajians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/10600-sunil-chhetri-wins-the-hero-of-the-league-award|title=Sunil Chhetri wins the 'Hero of the League' award|date=2 May 2017}}</ref> [[Udanta Singh]] won players' player of the season as well as fans' player of the season at the annual Bengaluru FC awards, where as [[Nishu Kumar]] was adjudged most improved player of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/winger-udanta-named-bengaluru-fc-s-footballer-of-the-year-117060201058_1.html|title=Winger Udanta named Bengaluru FC's footballer of the year|date=2 June 2016|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}</ref> C.K. Vineeth was adjudged [[Football Players' Association of India|FPAI]] Player of the year and Udanta Singh was awarded Young player of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefangarage.com/articles/11324-fpai-awards-vineeth-grabs-fans-player-award-best-indian-player-award-goes-to-anas|title=FPAI Awards: Vineeth grabs fans' player award; best Indian player award goes to Anas|date=1 July 2017|work=The Fangarage}}</ref>

==Player information==

===Management===
[[File:Albert-Roca-FC-Barcelona-00.jpg|thumb|right|Albert Roca, Bengaluru FC's head coach for 2016–17 season]]
:''As of June 2016.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=222 |title=Bengaluru FC fortify first team staff |date=9 December 2015 |work=Bengaluru FC |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222163120/http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=222 |archivedate=22 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2016/06/13/24587172/i-league-news-bengaluru-fc-appoint-john-kila-as-new-head-of|title=I-League News: Bengaluru FC appoint John Kila as new Head of Youth Development|date=13 June 2016|work=Goal.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
| Head coach
| {{flagicon|SPA}} [[Albert Roca]]
|-
| Assistant coach
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Carles Cuadrat]]
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
| {{flagicon|TUR}} Ali Uzunhasanoglu
|-
| Head of Youth Development
| {{flagicon|NED}} John Killa
|-
| Under-18 coach
| {{flagicon|IND}} John Kenneth Raj
|-
| Head physiotherapist
| {{flagicon|RSA}} Timothy Vadachalam
|-
| Head of sports sciences
| {{flagicon|ENG}} Donavan Pillai
|}
{{clear}}

==Player statistics==

===Appearances and goals===
{{Efs start|[[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]|[[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
{{Efs player|no=1|name=[[Amrinder Singh]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|12+0|0|3+0|0|8+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=27|name=[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]|pos=GK|nat=IND|5+1|0|0+0|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=28|name=[[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]|pos=GK|nat=IND| 1+0|0|2+0|0|3+0|0 }}
{{Efs player|no=32|name=Calvin Abhishek|pos=GK|nat=IND|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
{{Efs player|no=4|name=[[Juanan]]|pos=DF|nat=ESP|15+0|0|5+0|0|11+0|1}}
{{Efs player|no=5|name=[[Keegan Pereira (footballer)|Keegan Pereira]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|1+1|0|0+0|0|1+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=6|name=[[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]|pos=DF|nat=ENG|12+0|0|5+0|0|11+0|1}}
{{Efs player|no=10|name=[[Harmanjot Khabra]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|12+2|1|5+0|0|4+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=13|name=[[Rino Anto]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0|0+0|0|5+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=15|name=[[Sandesh Jhingan]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|10+1|1|5+0|0|4+0|1}}
{{Efs player|no=19|name=[[Sena Ralte]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|6+1|1|0+0|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=22|name=[[Nishu Kumar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND| 9+0|0|2+2|0|8+1|1 }}
{{Efs player|no=23|name=[[Lalchhuan Mawia]]|pos=DF|nat=IND| 0+0|0|0+0|0|0+2|0 }}
{{Efs player|no=24|name=[[Salam Ranjan Singh]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|9+2|1|3+1|0|5+3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=33|name=[[Gursimrat Singh]]|pos=DF|nat=IND| 1+0|0|0+0|0|1+1|0 }}
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
{{Efs player|no=8|name=[[Lenny Rodrigues]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|14+0|1|3+1|0|4+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=14|name=[[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|12+3|1|4+0|1|10+1|1}}
{{Efs player|no=16|name=[[Shankar Sampingiraj]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|0+1|0|0+0|0|1+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=17|name=[[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]]|pos=MF|nat=AUS|16+0|0|4+0|1|10+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=20|name=[[Alwyn George]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|6+6|1|3+1|1|6+3|0}}
{{Efs player|no=37|name=[[Mandar Rao Desai]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|3+6|1|0+0|0|1+1|0}}
{{Efs player|no=18|name=[[Beikhokhei Beingaichho]]|pos=MF|nat=IND|0+1|0|0+0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=29|name=[[Malsawmzuala]]|pos=MF|nat=IND| 2+3|0|1+1|0|1+3|0 }}
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
{{Efs player|no=7|name=[[Seminlen Doungel]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|1+4|1|2+0|0|2+3|1 }}
{{Efs player|no=9|name=[[Cornell Glen]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|0+0|0|0+4|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=11|name=[[Sunil Chhetri]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|16+0|7|3+0|0|11+0|5}}
{{Efs player|no=21|name=[[Udanta Singh]]|pos=FW|nat=IND|15+2|3|3+2|1|4+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=25|name=[[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]|pos=FW|nat=IND| 9+6|2|2+0|0|4+3|0 }}
{{Efs player|no=31|name=[[C.K. Vineeth]]|pos=FW|nat=IND| 8+7|7|1+2|2|10+0|1 }}
{{Efs player|no=36|name=[[Marjan Jugovic]]|pos=FW|nat=SRB| 2+4|1|0+0|0|0+2|1 }}
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
|-
{{Efs player|no=<s>9</s>|name=[[Álvaro Rubio]]|pos=MF|nat=ESP|0+0|0|0+0|0|5+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>9</s>|name=[[Roby Norales]]|pos=FW|nat=HON|1+3|1|0+0|0|0+0|0}}
{{Efs player|no=<s>15</s>|name=[[Vishal Kumar]]|pos=DF|nat=IND|0+0|0|0+0|0|0+2|0}}
{{Efs player|no=—|name=[[Darren Caldeira]]|pos=MF|nat=IND| 0+0|0|0+0|0|0+0|0 }}
{{Efs end|s=[https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway]}}

Updated: 31 May 2017

===Top scorers===
[[File:C.K. Vineeth, man of the match against Mumbai F.C.jpg | thumb | right | [[C.K. Vineeth]] scored a hat-trick against [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] on 18 January 2017]]

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''
!width=150|Player
!width=80|I-League
!width=80|AFC
!width=80|Federation Cup
!width=80|'''Total'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''1'''
| 11
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Sunil Chhetri]]
| 7
| 5
| 0
|'''12'''
|-
| rowspan=1|'''2'''
| 31
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[C.K. Vineeth]]
| 7
| 1
| 2
| '''10'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''3'''
| 21
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Udanta Singh]]
| 3
| 0
| 1
|'''4'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''4'''
| 14
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
| 1
| 1
| 1
|'''3'''
|-
|rowspan=5|'''5'''
| 25
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Daniel Lalhlimpuia]]
| 2
| 0
| 0
| '''2'''
|-
| 36
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|SRB}}
| align=left | [[Marjan Jugovic]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
| '''2'''
|-
| 15
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
| '''2'''
|-
| 20
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Alwyn George]]
| 1
| 0
| 1
|'''2'''
|-
| 7
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Seminlen Doungel]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|'''2'''
|-
|rowspan=10|'''10'''
| 4
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| align=left | [[Juanan]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 6
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|ENG}}
| align=left | [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 8
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
|'''1'''
|-
| 9
| [[Forward (association football)|FW]]
| {{flagicon|HON}}
| align=left | [[Roby Norales]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 10
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Harmanjot Khabra]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
|'''1'''
|-
| 17
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|AUS}}
| align=left| [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
|'''1'''
|-
| 22
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Nishu Kumar]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 19
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Sena Ralte]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 24
| [[Defender (association football)|DF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
| 37
| [[Midfielder|MF]]
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left | [[Mandar Rao Desai]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| '''1'''
|-
|colspan=5| [[Own goal]]s
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|-
|colspan="5"|'''TOTALS'''
| '''30'''
| '''13'''
| '''7'''
| '''50'''
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 31 May 2017

===Clean sheets===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''
!rowspan="1" !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''
!width=150|Player
!width=80|I-League
!width=80|AFC
!width=80|Federation Cup
!width=80|'''Total'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''1'''
|1
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Amrinder Singh]]
|5
|4
|2
|'''11'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''2'''
|27
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|3
|0
|0
|'''3'''
|-
|rowspan=1|'''3'''
|28
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
| align=left| [[Lalthuammawia Ralte]]
|1
|1
|0
|'''2'''
|-
|colspan="5"|'''TOTALS'''
| '''9'''
| '''5'''
| '''2'''
| '''16'''
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 31 May 2017

===Disciplinary record===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Rank|Rank}}'''
!rowspan="2" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|No.|Squad Number}}'''
!rowspan="2" !width=15|'''{{Abbr|Pos|Position}}'''
!rowspan="2" !width=15|'''{{Tooltip| Nat | Nationality}}'''
!rowspan="2" !width=120|'''Player'''
!colspan="2"|'''[[2016–17 I-League|I-League]]'''
!colspan="2"|'''[[2016–17 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]'''
!colspan="2"|'''[[2017 AFC Cup|AFC]]'''
!colspan="2"|'''Total'''
!rowspan="2"|'''Notes'''
|-
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
!width=34; background:#fe9;"|{{yel}}
!width=34; background:#ff8888;"|{{sent off}}
|-
|rowspan=1|'''1'''
| 10
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Harmanjot Khabra]]
| 5
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 8
| 0
|Missed a game, against [[Aizawl F.C.|Aizawl]] (4 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i-league.org/i-league/bengaluru-face-acid-test-against-aizawl-at-fortress/|title=Bengaluru Face Acid Test Against Aizawl at Fortress|date=8 April 2017|work=[[I-League]] Media Team}}</ref> (9 April 2017)
Missed a game, against [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] in [[2017 AFC Cup]] (2 yellow cards)<ref name ="AC suspension">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/2401049/preview |title=AFC Cup 2017: Mohun Bagan vs Bengaluru Preview – Southern Eagles look to stake their claim to top of Group E |date=16 May 2017|work=Goal.com|first=Nikhil|last=Jitendran}}</ref> (17 May 2017)
|-
|rowspan=3|'''2'''
| 14
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh]]
| 2
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 7
| 0
|Missed a game, against [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] (2 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/mohun-bagan-vs-bengaluru/2447669/preview|title=Federation Cup 2017 Preview: Mohun Bagan vs Bengaluru FC – Marauding Mariners looking to maintain winning run|work=Goal.com|first=Nisanth V|last=Easwar|date=11 May 2017}}</ref> (12 May 2017)
|-
| 15
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Sandesh Jhingan]]
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 7
| 0
| Missed a game, against [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] (2 yellow cards)<ref name="dhaka preview"/> (18 April 2017)
|-
| 17
| MF
| {{flagicon|AUS}}
| [[Cameron Watson (footballer)|Cameron Watson]]
| 3
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 7
| 0
| Missed a game, against [[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]] (2 yellow cards)<ref name="dhaka preview">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-abahani/2383019/preview|title=AFC Cup 2017: Bengaluru FC vs Abahani Limited Preview: The Blues look to continue their winning run|date=17 April 2017|first=Ramachandran|last=Sriram}}</ref> (18 April 2017) Missed a game, against [[Mohun Bagan]] (2 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-mohun-bagan/2452790/preview|title=Federation Cup 2017 Final : Mighty Mariners meet relentless Blues in the grand finale|work=Goal.com|date=20 May 2017|first=Nisanth V|last=Easwar}}</ref> (21 May 2017)
|-
|rowspan=4|'''5'''
| 4
| DF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Juanan]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 5
| 0
|Missed a game, against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]] (4 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/bengaluru-vs-shivajians/2433183/preview|title=I-League 2017: Bengaluru FC vs DSK Shivajians – The Pune based team looking for their first win against Blues|first=Ramchandran|last=Sriram|date=22 April 2017}}</ref> (22 April 2017)
|-
| 6
| DF
| {{flagicon|ENG}}
| [[John Johnson (footballer)|John Johnson]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 4
| 1
| Missed a game, against [[DSK Shivajians F.C.|DSK Shivajians]] (red card)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/match/shivajians-vs-bengaluru/2383766/preview|title=I-League 2017 DSK Shivajians vs. Bengaluru FC Preview – Southern Eagles aim to give the Reds the blues|work=Goal.com|date=5 February 2017|first=Nikhil|last=Jitendran}}</ref> (5 February 2017)
Missed a game, against [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] in [[2017 AFC Cup]] (2 yellow cards)<ref name ="AC suspension" /> (17 May 2017)
|-
| 11
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Sunil Chhetri]]
| 3
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 5
| 0
|
|-
| 31
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[C.K. Vineeth]]
| 2
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 5
| 0
|
|-
| rowspan=3 |'''9'''
| 1
| GK
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Amrinder Singh]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 3
| 0
| Missed a game, against [[Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya]] (2 yellow cards)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Bengaluru-FC-to-miss-keeper-Amrinder-in-AFC-Cup-final/articleshow/54962074.cms|title=Bengaluru FC to miss keeper Amrinder in AFC Cup final|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> (5 November 2016)
|-
| 21
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Udanta Singh]]
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 3
| 0
|
|-
| 22
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Nishu Kumar]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 3
| 0
|
|-
|rowspan=2|'''12'''
| 19
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Sena Ralte]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
|
|-
| 24
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Salam Ranjan Singh]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
|
|-
|rowspan=6|'''14'''
|7
| FW
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Seminlen Doungel]]
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
| 8
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Lenny Rodrigues]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
| 9
| MF
| {{flagicon|ESP}}
| [[Alvaro Rubio]]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
| 30
| MF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Malsawmzuala]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
| 33
| DF
| {{flagicon|IND}}
| [[Gursimrat Singh Gill]]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
| 36
| FW
| {{flagicon|SRB}}
| [[Marjan Jugovic]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
|-
|colspan=5|'''TOTALS'''
|'''28'''
|'''1'''
|'''12'''
|'''0'''
|'''26'''
|'''0'''
|'''66'''
|'''1'''
|
|}

Source: [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/india/bengaluru/25367/squad/ soccerway] 
Updated: 31 May 2017

==Notes==
{{notelist-ua}}

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==See also==
* [[2016–17 in Indian football]]

{{Bengaluru FC}}
{{2016–17 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2016-17 Bengaluru FC Season}}
[[Category:2016–17 I-League by team|Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC seasons]]
[[Category:2010s in Bengaluru]]

Christianity in Chhattisgarh

2026-02-06T03:39:33Z

Davidwez: adjusted page per sources

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
'''Christianity''' is a [[minority religion]] in '''[[Chhattisgarh]]''', a state of [[India]]. Chhattisgarh is within the area of the [[Church of North India]]. The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur]] has its seat in the province. The suffragan dioceses with seat in Chhattisgarh are the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Jagdalpur]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ambikapur]], the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Jashpur]] and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Raigarh]]. [[Jyotipur]] has several Protestant churches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Het gebied, Jyotipur in India |url=http://www.edenburg.nl/johnenmarja/gebied/gebied.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051002045309/http://www.edenburg.nl:80/johnenmarja/gebied/gebied.htm |archive-date=2005-10-02 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.edenburg.nl}}</ref> Chhattisgarh is part of the newly formed Syro-Malankara Catholic Diocese of Gurgaon.
[[Janjgir Mennonite Church]] was founded in the early 20th century.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/janjgir_mennonite_church_janjgir_champa_chhattisgarh_india |title=Janjgir Mennonite Church (Janjgir-Champa, Chhattisgarh, India) – GAMEO |publisher=Gameo.org |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> [[Dhamtari]] is the seat of the headquarters of the [[Mennonite Church in India]] and of Mennonite Higher Secondary Schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/D52.html |title=Dhamtari (Chhattisgarh State, India) – GAMEO |publisher=Gameo.org |access-date=21 October 2011}}</ref> [[Champa Christian Hospital]] was started by the Mennonite Mission USA in 1926.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eha-health.org/eha-in-chhatisgarh/champa-christian-hospital.html |title=EHA :: Champa Christian Hospital |publisher=Eha-health.org |access-date=21 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410183427/http://www.eha-health.org/eha-in-chhatisgarh/champa-christian-hospital.html |archive-date=10 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Believers Church of India is active in Chhattisgarh.<ref>[http://www.ead.de/arbeitskreise/religionsfreiheit/nachrichten/einzelansicht/article/indien-unverminderte-willkuer-und-gewalt-gegen-christen.html?tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=443&cHash=5c1e1b26af Indien unverminderte willkuer und gewalt gegen Christen] ead.de (in German){{dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] has a [[Disciples of Christ Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dccbsp.com/contactus.aspx |title=Welcome to Disciples of Christ Church, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India |access-date=2011-04-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814095308/http://dccbsp.com/contactus.aspx |archivedate=14 August 2011}}</ref> [[Jagdalpur]] has a Christ College.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://christcollegejagdalpur.net/ |title=Index |accessdate=2011-04-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221000944/http://christcollegejagdalpur.net/ |archivedate=21 February 2011}}</ref> Many people in the state are [[Adivasi]]. Chhattisgarh has anti-conversion legislation.<ref name="opendoors-de1">{{cite web|url=http://www.opendoors-de.org/verfolgung/news/news_2011/01-2011/in-2-13012011/ |title=Open Doors Deutschland – Indien: Ein Jahrzehnt der Christenverfolgung |publisher=Opendoors-de.org |date=13 January 2011 |accessdate=21 October 2011}}</ref> In recent years, Christians have increasingly become targets of violence from Hindutva groups.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World |first=Parth MN, Rest of |date=2024-10-26 |title=WhatsApp vigilantes in India are converting Christians by force |url=https://scroll.in/article/1074785/whatsapp-vigilantes-in-india-are-converting-christians-by-force |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Christians in Chhattisgarh
! Year !! Number !! Percentage
|-
| 2001<ref name="religion1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Total population by religious communities|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| {{center|401,035}} || {{center|1.92}}
|-
| 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| {{center|490,542}} || {{center|1.92}}
|-
|}

== List of denominations ==

Source<ref>World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, pp. 368–370</ref>
*[[Assemblies of God]]
*[[Bharatiya General Conference Mennonite Church]]
*[[Christian Community Church, Bhilai Nagar]]
*[[Mennonite Church in India]]
*[[Board of Christian Community Church]]
*[[Church Of Christ Schaefer Mission In India Bilaspur]]
*Indian Pentecostal Church of God

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Christianity in India by region}}

[[Category:Christianity in Chhattisgarh| ]]
[[Category:Religion in Chhattisgarh]]

2nd Filmfare Awards East

2026-02-02T08:16:20Z

Davidwez:

{{short description|Award ceremony for Bengali language films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 2
| award = [[Filmfare Awards Bangla|Filmfare Awards East]]
| image =
| caption = 2nd Filmfare Awards East
| date = 25 February 2017
| site = Science City, [[Kolkata]]
| host = [[Abir Chatterjee]] [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-east-2017/|Filmfare Awards East 2017}}
| producer =
| director =
| best_film = ''[[Cinemawala]]''
| most_wins = ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' (6)
| most_nominations = ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' (12)
| best_director = [[Kaushik Ganguly]] for ''[[Cinemawala]]''
| best_actor = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] for ''[[Shankhachil]]''
| best_actress = [[Swastika Mukherjee]] for ''Shaheb Bibi Golaam''
| best_critic = ''[[Cholai (film)|Cholai]]''
| network = [[Colors TV|Colors Tv Bangla]]
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = [[1st Filmfare Awards East|1st]]
| next = [[3rd Filmfare Awards East|3rd]]
}}

'''2nd Filmfare Awards East''' ceremony, presented by [[The Times Group]], honored the best [[Bengali language|Bengali]] language Indian films of 2016.

''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' led the ceremony with twelve nominations, and was the most awarded film at the ceremony, with six wins including Best Actress (for [[Swastika Mukherjee]]) and Best Supporting Actor (for [[Ritwick Chakraborty]]). It was followed by ''[[Praktan]]'' and ''[[Cinemawala]]'', with ten and eight nominations respectively. For the former, [[Rituparna Sengupta]] won Best Actress Critics' (with additional four wins), while [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] won Best Actor Critics' for the latter.

[[Jisshu Sengupta]] received dual nominations for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor, but won neither of them.

==Ceremony==
Held at [[Science City, Kolkata|Science City]], the 2nd Filmfare Awards East had [[Jio]] as the title sponsor. [[Abir Chatterjee]] and [[Jisshu Sengupta]] co-hosted the ceremony.

== Winners and nominees ==
===Popular Awards===
The nominees for the 2nd Filmfare Awards East were announced on 22 February 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-east-2017/nominations|title=The nominations for the 2nd Jio Filmfare Awards East are out.|work=Filmfare}}</ref>
{{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 580
| image_style =
| perrow = 5/5
| caption_align = left
| image2 = Swastika Mukherjee - Kolkata 2015-10-10 5829.JPG
| caption2 = [[Swastika Mukherjee]], Best Actress
| image3 = Chatterjee at CCL Launch.jpg
| caption3 = [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], Best Actor
| image4 = Rituparna Sengupta - Kolkata 2018-02-18 1799.JPG
| caption4 = [[Rituparna Sengupta]], Best Actress Critics
| image5 = Paran Bandopadhya 6654.JPG
| caption5 = [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], Best Actor Critics
| image6 = Aparajita Auddy (cropped).jpg
| caption6 = [[Aparajita Adhya]], Best Supporting Actress
| image7 = Ritwick Chakraborty.jpg
| caption7 = [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], Best Supporting Actor co-winner
| image8 = অনুপম রায়.jpg
| caption8 = [[Anupam Roy]], Best Music Composer & Best Lyricist
| image9 = Anindya Chatterjee (musician).jpg
| caption9 = [[Anindya Chatterjee]], Best Music Composer
| image10 = Nachiketa Chakraborty.jpg
| caption10 = [[Nachiketa Chakraborty]], Best Male Playback Singer
| image11 = Iman Chakraborty - Kolkata 2023-12-05 8490.jpg
| caption11 = [[Iman Chakraborty]], Best Female Playback Singer
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4"| Best Film
! colspan="4"| Best Director
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''''[[Cinemawala]]''''' '''– [[Shree Venkatesh Films]]'''
** ''[[Double Feluda]]'' – [[Eros International]]
** ''[[Eagoler Chokh]]'' – Shree Venkatesh Films
** ''[[Praktan]]'' – Windows Production
** ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' – Friends Communication
** ''[[Shankhachil]]'' – Ashirbad Cholochitro, [[Impress Telefilm Limited]] & NIdeas Creations & Productions
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Kaushik Ganguly]] –''' '''''[[Cinemawala]]'''''
** [[Arindam Sil]] – ''[[Eagoler Chokh]]''
** [[Goutam Ghose]] – ''[[Shankhachil]]''
** [[Pratim D. Gupta]] – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''
** [[Sandip Ray]] – ''[[Double Feluda]]''
** [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]] and [[Nandita Roy]] – ''[[Praktan]]''
|-
! colspan="4"| Best Actor
! colspan="4"| Best Actress
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]] –''' '''''[[Shankhachil]]''''' '''as Muntasir Chaudhury Badal'''
** [[Abir Chatterjee]] – ''[[Byomkesh Pawrbo]]'' as [[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
** [[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]] – ''[[Shororipu]]'' as Detective Chandrakanta
** [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]] — ''[[Power (2016 film)|Power]]'' as Beerpratap Chowdhury
** [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]] – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'' as Markaz Ali
** [[Jisshu Sengupta]] – ''[[Byomkesh O Chiriyakhana]]'' as Byomkesh Bakshi
** [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] – ''[[Cinemawala]]'' as Pranabendu Das
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Swastika Mukherjee]] –''' '''''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''''' '''as Jaya Sarkar'''
** [[Gargi Roychowdhury]] – ''Benche Thakar Gaan'' as Dr. Paramita Sen
** [[Jaya Ahsan]] – ''[[Eagoler Chokh]]'' as Shivangi B. Ray
** [[Paoli Dam]] – ''[[Khawto]]'' as Antara Chakrabarty/Damayanti
** [[Raima Sen]] – ''[[Monchora]]'' as Nanda Chaudhury
** [[Rituparna Sengupta]] – ''[[Praktan]]'' as Sudipa Sen
|-
! colspan="4"| Best Supporting Actor
! colspan="4"| [[Filmfare Award Bangla for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Anirban Bhattacharya]] –''' '''''[[Eagoler Chokh]]''''' '''as Bishan Ray'''
* '''[[Ritwick Chakraborty]] –''' '''''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''''' '''as Javed'''
** Arun Guha Thakurta – ''[[Cinemawala]]'' as Hari
** [[Jisshu Sengupta]] – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'' as Kashinath Kundu
** [[Koushik Sen]] – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'' as Basheer Khan
** [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] – ''[[Cinemawala]]'' as Prakash Das
| colspan="3"; valign=top|
* '''[[Aparajita Auddy]] –''' '''''[[Praktan]]''''' '''as Malini "Molly" Mukherjee'''
** [[Churni Ganguly]] – ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]'' as Antara
** [[Mamata Shankar]] – ''Antarleen'' as Swati Dutta
** Shajbati – ''[[Shankhachil]]'' as Rupsha Chaudhury
** [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] – ''Shororipu'' as Bonhi
|-
! colspan=8|Music Awards
|-
! colspan="4"| Best Music Director
! colspan="4"| Best Lyricist
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Anupam Roy]] & [[Anindya Chatterjee]] –''' '''''[[Praktan]]'''''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]''
** [[Indraadip Das Gupta]] – ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]''
** [[Jeet Gannguli]] – ''[[Love Express (2016 film)|Love Express]]''
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Anupam Roy]] – "Tumi Jaake Bhalobasho" –''' '''''[[Praktan]]'''''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – "Ek purono Mosjide" – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – "Mon Bhalo Nei" – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''
** Prosen – "Thik Emon Ebhabe" – ''[[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]''
** Prosen – "Tomake Chai" – ''[[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]''
** [[Srijato]] – "Tomake Chuye Dilam" – ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]''
|-
! colspan="4"| [[Filmfare Award East for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer - Male]]
! colspan="4"| [[Filmfare Award East for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer - Female]]
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Nachiketa Chakraborty]] – "Ek Purono Mosjide" –''' '''''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'''''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – "Aami Aajkal Bhalo Aachi" – ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]''
** [[Anupam Roy]] – "Mon Bhalo Nei" – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''
** [[Arijit Singh]] – "Tomake Chuye Dilam" – ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]''
** [[Surojit Chatterjee]] – "Bhromor" – ''[[Praktan]]''
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Iman Chakraborty]] – "Tumi Jaake Bhalobasho" –''' '''''[[Praktan]]'''''
** [[Anwesha Datta Gupta]] – "Dhoya Tulsi Pata" – ''Chocolate''
** [[Shreya Ghoshal]] – "Tomar Ki Naam" – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]''
** [[Shreya Ghoshal]] – "Kolkata" – ''[[Praktan]]''
** [[Shreya Ghoshal]] – "Tomake Chuye Dilam" – ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]''
|-
! colspan=8|Debut Awards
|-
! colspan="4"| Best Debut Male
! colspan="4"|Best Debut Director
|-
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''[[Yash Dasgupta]] –''' '''''[[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]''''' '''as Kabir (Guru)'''
| colspan="4"; valign=top|
* '''Arindam Bhattacharya –''' '''''Antarleen'''''
* '''Ayan Chakraborti –''' '''''[[Shororipu]]'''''
|}

===Critics' awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2|Best Film (Best Director)
|-
|colspan=2|
* '''''[[Cholai (film)|Cholai]]'' – Arun Roy'''
|-
!Best Actor
!Best Actress
|-
|
* '''[[Paran Bandopadhyay]] –''' '''''[[Cinemawala]]''''' '''as Pranabendu Das'''
|
* '''[[Rituparna Sengupta]] –''' '''''[[Praktan]]''''' '''as Sudipa Sen'''
|}

====Technical Awards====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Best Story
!Best Screenplay
|-
|
* '''[[Kaushik Ganguly]] – ''[[Cinemawala]]'''''
|
* '''[[Pratim D. Gupta]] – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'''''
|-
!Best Dialogue
!Best Editing
|-
|
* '''Subhomay Chatterjee – ''[[Cholai (film)|Cholai]]'''''
|
* '''Sanjeeb Datta – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'''''
|-
! Best Choreography
! Best Cinematography
|-
|
* '''[[Baba Yadav]] for ''Selfie'' – ''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhimaan]]'''''
|
* '''Gairik Sarkar – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'''''
|-
! Best Production Design
! Best Sound Design
|-
|
* '''Dhananjay Mondal – ''[[Cinemawala]]'''''
|
* '''Anirban Sengupta – ''[[Shankhachil]]'''''
|-
! colspan="2"| Best Background Score
|-
| colspan="2"|
* '''Neil Adhikari – ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'''''
|-
|}

====Special awards====
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2; style="text-align: left;" | [[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]]
|-
|
* '''[[Supriya Devi]]'''
|-
|}

==Superlatives==
===Multiple Nominations===
* ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' – 12
* ''[[Praktan]]'' - 10
* ''[[Cinemawala]]'' - 8
* ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]'' - 7
* ''[[Shankhachil]]'' - 5
* ''[[Bastu-Shaap]]'' - 5
* ''[[Eagoler Chokh]]'' - 4
* ''[[Gangster (2016 film)|Gangster]]'' - 3
* ''Shororipu'' - 3
* ''[[Double Feluda]]'' - 2
* ''Antarleen'' - 2

====Multiple Awards====
* ''[[Shaheb Bibi Golaam]]'' - 6
* ''[[Cinemawala]]'' - 5
* ''[[Praktan]]'' 5
* ''[[Shankhachil]]'' - 2
* ''[[Cholai (film)|Cholai]]'' - 2

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{URL|https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-east-2017/winners|Filmfare Awards East 2017: Winners}}

{{Filmfare Awards}}
{{The Times Group}}

[[Category:Filmfare Awards East]]
[[Category:2016 film awards]]
[[Category:2016 in India]]
[[Category:Events of The Times Group]]

Kalairani

2026-01-31T09:56:33Z

Davidwez: slightly refined intro per standard format further and updated info for accuracy

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kalairani
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birthname =
| birth_date = 9 July
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other names =
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1987 – present
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| website =
| children =
}}
'''Kalairani''' (9 July) is an Indian actress who has worked in many [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]] and as a performer with the [[Koothu-P-Pattarai]] theatre group.<ref>{{cite news |title=Power-packed performer |url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/01/11/stories/09110354.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020616193154/http://www.hindu.com/2001/01/11/stories/09110354.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2002 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 January 2001 |accessdate=2 February 2013 }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Tamil films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1987 || ''[[Ninaikka Therintha Maname]]'' || Person at railway station || Uncredited role
|-
| ''[[Kani Nilam]]'' || ||
|-
| 1992 || ''Ermunai'' || ||
|-
| 1996 || ''[[Karuvelam Pookkal]]'' || ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Devathai]]'' || Village woman ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' || Pugazh's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2000 || ''[[Alai Payuthey]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ennavalle]]'' || Lakshmi's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2001 || ''[[Nila Kaalam]]'' || || Television film
|-
| ''[[Dhill]]'' || Kanagavel's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Dum Dum Dum]]'' || Adhi's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Kutty (2001 film)|Kutty]]'' || Kanagavel's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002 || ''[[Youth (2002 film)|Youth]]'' || Aruna's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Ramanaa (film)|Ramanaa]]'' || ACF member's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Bala (2002 film)|Bala]]'' || Bala's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2003 || ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' || Grieving mother ||
|-
| ''[[Dhool]]'' || Arumugam's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Pudhiya Geethai]]'' || Sarathi's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' || Kumar's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Anjaneya (film)|Anjaneya]]'' || Paramaguru's neighbour ||
|-
| ''[[Enakku 20 Unakku 18]]'' || Sridhar's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2004 || ''[[Campus (film)|Campus]]'' || A student's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Perazhagan]]'' || Karthik's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Shock (2004 film)|Shock]]'' || Maid ||
|-
| ''[[Bose (film)|Bose]]'' || Bose's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2005 || ''[[Adhu Oru Kana Kaalam]]'' || Sathya ||
|-
| ''[[Kundakka Mandakka]]'' || Illango's mother ||
|-
|''[[Kodambakkam (film)|Kodambakkam]]''|| Sugavannan's mother || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female)|Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Character Artiste]]
|-
| rowspan="2"|2006 || ''[[Sudesi]]'' || Kamala ||
|-
| ''[[Nenjirukkum Varai (2006 film)|Nenjirukkum Varai]]'' || Ganesh's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007 || ''[[Machakaaran]]'' || Vicky's Aunt ||
|-
| ''[[Marudhamalai (film)|Marudhamalai]]'' || Marudhamalai's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Thavam]]'' || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Azhagu Nilayam]]'' || Indrani ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2009 || ''[[Ayan (film)|Ayan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ananda Thandavam (2009 film)|Ananda Thandavam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vettaikaaran (2009 film)|Vettaikaaran]]'' || Civilian ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2010 || ''[[Anandhapurathu Veedu]]'' || Mayilamma ||
|-
| ''[[Vallakottai (film)|Vallakottai]]'' || Bala's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Virudhagiri]]'' || Virudhagiri's mother ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Mambattiyan]]'' || Village Doctor ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2012 || ''[[Ambuli]]'' || Seemati ||
|-
| ''[[Mudhal Idam]]'' || Mahesh's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Maasi (film)|Maasi]]'' || Maasilamani's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2013 || ''[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]'' || Mother Superior ||
|-
| ''[[Chithirayil Nilachoru]]'' || Shop Owner ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014 || ''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[His Wife (2014 film)|His Wife]]'' || Priest ||
|-
| ''[[Oru Oorla Rendu Raja]]'' || Valarmathy's grandmother ||
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Vedalam]]'' || Victim's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2016 || ''[[Kida Poosari Magudi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Manithan (2016 film)|Manithan]]'' || Judge ||
|-
| ''[[Jumbulingam 3D]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2018 || ''[[Abhiyum Anuvum]]'' || Kamatchi ||
|-
| ''[[Thamizh Padam 2]]'' || Shiva's grandmother ||
|-
| ''[[Johnny (2018 film)|Johnny]]'' || Shiva's mother ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Viswasam]]'' || Pechiammal ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2022 || ''[[Achcham Madam Naanam Payirppu]]'' || Window aunty ||
|-
| ''[[Hostel (2022 film)|Hostel]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ward 126]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 2023 || ''[[The Great Indian Kitchen (film)|The Great Indian Kitchen]]'' || Aunt ||<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/feb/04/the-great-indian-kitchen-movie-review-a-well-intentioned-functional-remake-2544096.html | title='The Great Indian Kitchen' movie review: A well-intentioned, functional remake | date=4 February 2023 | access-date=10 March 2023 | archive-date=4 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204065913/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/feb/04/the-great-indian-kitchen-movie-review-a-well-intentioned-functional-remake-2544096.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bagheera (2023 film)|Bagheera]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ghosty (film)|Ghosty]]'' || Robert's owner ||
|-
| ''[[Are You Ok Baby?]]'' || Balachandhran's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Raththam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[80s Buildup]]'' || Kathir’s grandmother ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2024 || ''[[Aaragan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kanguva]]'' || Villager ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Retta Thala]]'' || Anthre's grandmother ||
|-
|}

=== Telugu films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 100%;"
! Year
! Film
! Role
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Azad (2000 film)|Azad]]'' || Azad's mother
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003 || ''[[Tagore (film)|Tagore]]'' || ACF member's mother
|-
| ''[[Nee Manasu Naaku Telusu]]'' || Sridhar's mother
|-
|}

==Serials==

* ''Panchavan Kaadu'' (2014)
* ''Unarchigal'' (2014)
* ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'' (2018)
* ''[[The Village (2023 TV series)|The Village]]'' (2023)
* ''[[Inspector Rishi]]'' (2024)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|1468843}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Tamil actresses]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Chakrapani Temple

2026-01-24T03:31:01Z

Davidwez: added new place.

{{for|Temple in Kerala|Sree Chakrapani Temple, Thrikaripur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Chakrapani Temple
| image =Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam.JPG
| alt = A Vishnu temple located in Kumbakonam town
| caption = Chakrapani Temple, Kumbakonam
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Thanjavur]]
| location = [[Kumbakonam]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = Chakrapani([[Vishnu]] ) [[Ashtalakshmi|Vijayalakshmi Thayar]]
| festivals=
}}

'''Chakrapani Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[God Vishnu]] located in [[Kumbakonam]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. This temple is located 2 km, away towards North West from the Kumbakonam Railway Station. Vishnu appears in the form of a discus or ''[[Sudarshana Chakra|Chakra]]'' to put down the pride of ''[[Surya]]'' (the Sun), who subsequently became his devotee.<ref>[[#Ayyar|Ayyar 1991]], p. 325</ref> Like Shiva, Lord Chakrapani has a third eye on His forehead.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}} The temple is one of the prominent Vishnu temples in [[Kumbakonam]].<ref name="Diwakar">{{cite book |last=Diwakar |first=Macherla |title=Temples of South India |publisher=Techno Book House |year=2011 |isbn=978-93-83440-34-4 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |page=138}}</ref><ref name="Ram">{{cite book |last=Harshananda |first=Swami |title=Hindu Pilgrim centres |publisher=Ramakrishna Math |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-7907-053-6 |edition=2nd |location=Bangalore, India |pages=76}}</ref>

==Legend==
[[File:Chakra ayudhapurusha.jpg|Chakrayuda Purusha, the image of the deity|thumb|200px|left]]
As per Hindu legend, ''[[Chakra]]'' (also called Sudarshana), the discus, is the most powerful weapon of god [[Vishnu]]. He once sent his weapon to nether world to kill king Jalandasura. The weapon is believed to have come out of the nether world through river [[Kaveri]]. God [[Brahma]], who was taking bath in the river, got impressed and installed the image of Sudarshana in the place where the temple is now located. [[Surya]], the Sun god, who was glowing in brilliance, had his brightness diminished by the effulgent Sudarshana. Surya worshipped Sudarshana and pleased by his devotion, Sudarshana restored all the powers of Surya.<ref name=M1>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2007]], pp. 98-100</ref> Vishnu attained the name Chakrapani from then on.<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/81 81]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Surya wanted the town to be named after him and pleased by his devotion, Chakrapani named the city as Bhaskara Kshetra.<ref name=M1/> It is believed that Surya worshiped Chakrathazhwar during Masi Magam and every year Masi Magam festival is celebrated during the day, commemorating the event. The temple car is drawn around the streets of the temple during the day.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 12-year wait for a dip|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-legend-behind-the-mahamagham-festival/article8253049.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 February 2016|access-date=2 October 2016|last=S.|first=Prabhu}}</ref>

As per another legend, during the great deluge, the pot of nectar came down swirling. The pot of nectar fell down into different pieces as Shiva shot his arrow at the pot. The nectar is believed to have relieved lives in the planet. As per Sarma Sastrigal, the various places where the nectar spilled are [[Kumbeswara Temple]], [[Sarangapani Temple]], Chakrapani Temple, [[Nageswaran Temple, Kumbakonam|Nageswaran Temple]], [[Someswaran Temple]], [[Abhimukeswarar Temple]], [[Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Kumbakonam]], [[Kambatta Viswanathar Temple, Kumbakonam|Kambatta Viswanathar]], [[Gauthameswarar Temple, Kumbakonam|Gauthameswarar Temple]], [[Banapuriswarar Temple]], [[Varahaperumal Temple, Kumbakonam|Varaha Perumal temple]], Lakshminarayana and Varadaraja.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celestial congregation|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/the-spiritual-aspects-of-the-mahamagham-festival/article8253034.ece|work=The Hindu|date=18 February 2016|access-date=2 October 2016}}</ref>

==History==
The origins of the Chakrapani temple are obscure due to the lack of sufficient inscriptional evidence. However, based on the temple's architecture and motifs, scholars believe it to have been built in the 15th century under [[Nayaka dynasties|Nayaka]] rule. The temple was one of the three significant Vaishnava temples in Kumbakonam that received patronage during the Nayaka era, the others being the [[Ramaswamy Temple]] and the [[Sarangapani Temple]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Champakalakshmi |first=R. |date=1978 |title=Growth of Urban Centres in South India: Kudamukkupalaiyarai, the Twin City of the Colas |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139350 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=39 |pages=172 |jstor=44139350 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> A religious head began to handle the temple's administrative affairs in the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nanda |first=Vivek |date=2012-12-08 |title=Kumbakonam: the ritual topography of a sacred and royal city of South India |url=https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/ai/article/id/313/ |journal=Archaeology International |language= |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=45–46 |doi=10.5334/ai.0314 |doi-access=free |issn=2048-4194}}</ref> In 1620, when [[Govinda Dikshitar]], divan-administrator for the [[Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]], constructed the Ramaswamy Temple, he added a commercial corridor between the new temple and the older Chakrapani temple.<ref>''Diaspora of the gods: modern Hindu temples in an urban middle-class world ''.P.246. Joanne Punzo Waghorne</ref>

==Architecture==
The temple has granite walls enclosing all the shrines and pierced by a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]'', the gateway tower. The temple is noted for its exquisite pillars. The presiding deity, Chakrapani is sported with eight arms, each having a weapon and is housed in the central shrine in an elevated structure. Chakrapani is sported with a third eye on his forehead. The Eastern and Western entrances of this temple are known as "Thatchinaya Vayil" and "Utharavana Vayil" respectively and outer Prakara of this temple is made in the form of balcony. There is a bronze image of king [[Serfoji II]] worshipping the lord as he is said to have been cured an illness by the grace of this God. A ''panchamukha'' (five-faced) [[Hanuman]] is erected in the ''[[prakaram]]'' (outer precincts of the temple).<ref>''Tourist Guide to Tamil Nadu''. P.70</ref> Agampara Vinayakar, Panchamuga Aancheneyar and Vijayavalli are the important idols located in this temple.

==Festivals and religious practices==
The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]].<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=34|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref> ''Chakra Padithurai'' is a famous ghat in [[Kumbakonam]] parallel to the shrine of the temple situated across the river [[Cauvery]]. ''Neivethanam'' (sacred offering) performed every day for the deity is dependent on the smoke emanating from the burning of corpses from the ghat. It is pertinent to an ideology that God performs the ''chakra'' (cycle) of life and death. The important and peculiar point about this temple is that Vilva (Bilwa) archana which is normally performed in Shiva temples is also performed here for the Perumal.

Five Vishnu temples are connected with [[Mahamaham]] festival which happens once in 12 years in Kumbakonam.<ref name="hrace">Mahamaham Festival 2004 (in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]), Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Administration Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, 2004</ref> They are:
*[[Sarangapani Temple]],
*Chakrapani Temple,
*[[Ramaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Ramaswamy Temple]],
*[[Rajagopalaswamy Temple, Kumbakonam|Rajagopalaswamy Temple]], and
*[[Varahaperumal Temple, Kumbakonam|Varahaperumal Temple]].
This temple, one among them, is situated in the north of Big Street.

The Mahasamprokshanam also known as Kumbabishegam of the temple was held on 8 November 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumbabhishekam performed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kumbabhishekam-performed/article7859889.ece|work=The Hindu|date=9 November 2015|access-date=10 November 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mahamaham tank, Kumbakonam]]
* [[Hindu temples of Kumbakonam]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|title=Vishnu Temples of South India Volume 1 (Tamil Nadu)|first=Chithra|publisher=Chithra Madhavan|last=Madhavan|isbn=978-81-908445-0-5|year=2007}}
* {{cite book | title=Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri Railways| year=1926| publisher=South Indian Railway Company| location=Madras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzWvq8EYBwUC&q=sarangapani+temple&pg=PP19| isbn=9788120618893}}
*{{cite book |last=Ayyar |first=P. V. Jagadisa |title=South Indian shrines: illustrated |year=1991 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-206-0151-3|ref=Ayyar}}
{{refend}}

== Photogallery ==
<gallery>
File:Chakrapani3.jpg |
File:Chakrapani5.jpg |
File:Chakrapani6.jpg |
File:Chakrapani8.jpg |
File:Chakrapani9.jpg |
File:Chakrapani14.jpg |
File:Chakrapani13.jpg |
</gallery>

{{Famous Vishnu temples}}
{{Hindu temples in Thanjavur District}}

{{coord|10.963351| 79.373170|display=title}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Kumbakonam]]
[[Category:Abhimana temples of Vishnu]]

Greater Nashik Metro

2026-01-23T17:16:11Z

Davidwez:

{{short description|Proposed rapid transit system in the Indian city of Nashik}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox public transit
| image =
| website = http://www.mahametro.org/
| average_speed = 60 kmph
| el = 750V DC overhead
| operation_will_start = Unknown
| lines = 2
| name = Greater Nashik Metro Metro NEO
| map_state =
| map =
| vehicles =
| character = At-Grade
| operator = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| began_operation =
| chief_executive = Dr Deen Dayal Sharma
| imagesize = 50Km
| annual_ridership = 70,000-90,000
| stations = Total 30 
''20 (line 1)'' ''10 (line 2)''
| end =
| start =
| line_number =
| transit_type = [[Bi-articulated bus]]
| locale = [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| area served = [[Nashik]]
| owner = [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]]
| caption =
| alt =
| system_length = 32 km
}}

The '''Greater Nashik Metro''' or '''Metro NEO'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/maharashtra/nashik/in-2023-metro-neo-run-in-nashik/106403/|title=Metro NEO to run in Nashik by 2023|work=My Mahanagar|access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> is a proposed rapid transit system in the [[Nashik Metropolitan Region]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nashik metro project on anvil; Maha Metro to be nodal agency |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/nashik-metro-project-on-anvil-maha-metro-to-be-nodal-agency/articleshow/66899747.cms |access-date=8 July 2019 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 December 2018}}</ref> The system is proposed to reduce traffic congestion as well as provide direct connectivity to Nashik city from its suburbs. The Greater Nashik Metro will connect suburbs of Nashik city like [[Deolali]], [[Nashik Road]], Upnagar, [[Nashik Airport]], [[Sinnar]], [[Igatpuri]], Gangapur Road, [[Trimbakeshwar tehsil|Trimbakeshwar]], [[Dindori, Maharashtra|Dindori]], [[Bhagur]], [[Niphad]], [[Adgaon Khurd|Adgaon]], [[Ghoti Budruk]] and Girnare.

This project is implemented and operated by [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited]] with the help of Central and State Government, [[Nashik Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] (NMRDA) and [[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]. It will be India's first [[Rubber-tyred metro]]. [[Maharashtra]] Chief Minister [[Uddhav Thackeray]] in an interview stated that feasibility report will be created soon. Greater Nashik Metro will be implemented by [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited|MahaMetro]] and funded by [[City and Industrial Development Corporation]] (CIDCO).{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

==Route==
{{Nashik Metro route diagram|collapse=yes}}

==Project details (DPR)==
'''Budget'''
The Maharashtra government has invested 2,100.6 crore for the "Metro Neo" project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maha Govt approves innovative 'METRO NEO' for Nashik city |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/photo-gallery-maha-govt-approves-innovative-metro-neo-for-nashik-city-2785875 |access-date=30 August 2019 |work=DNA India |date=29 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

'''1st line'''
The first line is proposed from Shramik nagar (Satpur) in west to [[Nasik Road railway station]] in east.
There will be 17 stations on this route. The route will be of 22.5 km.

'''2nd line'''
This route is proposed to be built from Gangapur Road to Mumbai Naka.
There will be 10 stations on this route which will be 10.5 km long.

'''Depots'''
A tram (rubber tyred metro) depot will be constructed at Shramik nagar.

'''Interchange station'''
Interchange station will be constructed at CBS and Gangapur Road<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://themetrorailguy.com/nashik-metro-neo-information-route-maps-fares-tenders-updates/|title=Nashik Metro NEO – Information, Route Map, Fares, Tenders & Updates|website=The Metro Rail Guy|language=en-US|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref>

==Status updates==
* '''Aug 2019:''' [[Maharashtra]] [[State governments of India|State Government]] approved Nashik Metro project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nashik Metro: Two lines with 30 stations approved |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/nashik-metro-two-lines-with-30-stations-approved-1567049817027.html |access-date=29 August 2019 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=29 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

* '''Jun 2020''': [[Detailed Project Report]] (DPR) sent to [[Central government|Central Government]] for approval.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/nashik-metro-proposal-take-a-step-ahead-towards-approval/|title=Nashik Metro proposal take a step ahead towards approval|first=Neha|last=Singh|date=22 June 2020|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref>

* '''Nov 2020''': DPR approved from Central Government.
* '''Jan 2021''': [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] announces {{INR|2092 crore}} for Nashik Metro.<ref>{{cite news |title=Budget 2021: FM Nirmala Sitharaman announces Rs 5,796 crore for Nagpur Metro, Rs 2,092 crore for Nashik Metro |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/budget-2021-fm-nirmala-sitharaman-announces-rs-5796-cr-for-nagpur-metro-rs-2092-cr-for-nashik-metro |access-date=1 February 2021 |work=Free Press Journal |date=1 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Mar 2025''' : After long delays, Maha Metro to seek consultation from the Central Government.
* '''Jan 2026''' : To start real proper metro service in any city, it is necessary to have more than 20 thousand passengers per hour during peak hours. In a traffic survey conducted by Mahametro in Nashik, the required number of passengers per hour for the 'metro' has been crossed. Therefore, the way for regular 'metro' has now been cleared for Nasik.

== See also ==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Urban rail transit in India]]
** [[Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation]]
** [[Nagpur Metro]]
** [[Nagpur broad-gauge Metro]]
** [[Pune Metro]]
** [[Thane Metro]]
** [[Metrolite]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Rapid transit in India}}

[[Category:Transport in Nashik]]
[[Category:Proposed rapid transit in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Maharashtra]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Kacheguda–Yesvantpur Vande Bharat Express

2026-01-13T05:16:18Z

Davidwez: added a info basic info...

{{Italic title}}{{short description|Mini Vande Bharat Express train route in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 28457D
| name = Kacheguda - Yesvantpur Junction ''Vande Bharat Express''
| logo_width =
| image = Yesvantpur Kacheguda Vande Bharat Express (Sept '23).jpg
| image_width = 300px
| image_alt =
| alt =
| caption = This Mini Vande Bharat Express train on its first commercial run towards {{stnlnk|Kacheguda}} railway station
| type = [[Vande Bharat Express]]
| locale = [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]]
| first = {{start date|2023|09|24|df=y}} (Inaugural run) {{start date and age|25 September 2023}} (Commercial run)
| last =
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways (SCR)]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Kacheguda}} '''(KCG)'''
| stops = 4
| end = {{stnlnk|Yesvantpur Junction}} '''(YPR)'''
| distance = {{convert|612|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 08 hrs 15 mins
| frequency = Six days a week {{efn|Except Wednesdays}}
| trainnumber = 20703 / 20704
| line_used = [[Secunderabad–Dhone section]] [[Guntakal–Nandyal section]] [[Guntakal–Bangalore section]]
| class = AC Chair Car, AC Executive Chair Car
| seating = {{Hlist|Airline style|Rotatable seats}}
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering
| observation = Large windows in all coaches
| entertainment = {{Hlist|[[Wi-Fi|On-board WiFi]]|Infotainment System|[[AC power plugs and sockets: British and related types#Indian IS 1293|Electric outlets]]|Reading light|Seat Pockets|Bottle Holder|Tray Table}}
| baggage = Overhead racks
| otherfacilities = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| stock = [[Vande Bharat Express|Mini Vande Bharat 2.0]] ''(Last service: July 08 2025)'' [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat 2.0]] ''(First service: July 10, 2025)''
| gauge = [[5 ft 6 in gauge railway|Indian gauge]] {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| el =
| speed = {{cvt|74|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
| trainlength = {{convert|384|m|ft}} (16 coaches)
| owners = [[Indian Railways]]
| maintenance = [[South Central Railway zone|Kacheguda (KCG)]]
| map = {{Kacheguda-Yesvantpur VB Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| electrification = [[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] Overhead line
}}
The 20703/20704 '''Kacheguda - Yesvantpur''' '''''Vande Bharat Express''''' is India's 29th [[Vande Bharat Express]] train, connecting the city of [[Hyderabad]] in [[Telangana]] with city of [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2023 |title=New Vande Bharat train on Bengaluru-Hyderabad route in talks: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/new-vande-bharat-train-on-bengaluru-hyderabad-route-in-talks-report-101681181571400.html |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> This train was inaugurated on 24 September 2023 by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] via [[Videotelephony|video conference]] from [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Bengaluru-Hyderabad Vande Bharat from September 25; won't run via Raichur |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-hyderabad-vande-bharat-from-september-25-wont-run-via-raichur-2694356 |access-date=20 September 2023 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Overview==
This is the third Vande Bharat Express train for [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=Hyderabad-Bengaluru Vande Bharat: How much travel time it will cut between two IT hubs? |url=https://www.news9live.com/utility/hyderabad-bengaluru-vande-bharat-travel-time-dates-timings-ticket-price-au2114-2103720 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=News9live |language=en}}</ref> This train is operated by [[Indian Railways]], connecting [[Kacheguda railway station|Kacheguda]], [[Mahbubnagar railway station|Mahbubnagar]], [[Kurnool City railway station|Kurnool City]], [[Anantapur railway station|Anantapur]], [[Dharmavaram Junction railway station|Dharmavaram Jn]], [[Hindupur railway station|Hindupur]] and [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station|Yesvantpur Jn]]. It is currently operated with train numbers 20703/20704 on 6 days a week basis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vande Bharat Express: Hyderabad to Bengaluru in 6 Hours- TimesProperty |url=https://timesproperty.com/news/post/new-vande-bharat-express-to-connect-hyderabad-bengaluru-blid4336 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=timesproperty.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2023 |title=Vande Bharat to get you from B'luru to Hyd in 8.5 hours; trial run today |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/vande-bharat-to-get-you-from-bluru-to-hyd-in-8-5-hours-trial-run-today/articleshow/103822095.cms?from=mdr |access-date=21 September 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Rakes ==
It is the twenty-seventh [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation (Vande Bharat 2.0)|2nd Generation]] and fifteenth [[Vande Bharat Express#Mini Vande Bharat Express|'''Mini Vande Bharat 2.0 Express train''']] which was designed and manufactured by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] at [[Perambur]], [[Chennai]] under the [[Make in India]] Initiative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train 18, India's Fastest, Named "Vande Bharat Express": Piyush Goyal |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/train-18-indias-fastest-named-vande-bharat-express-piyush-goyal-1983965 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

=== Coach Augmentation ===
As per latest updates, this express train will be augmented with 8 additional AC coaches, thereby running with an existing [[Vande Bharat (trainset)#Second generation|Vande Bharat 2.0 trainset]] W.E.F. 10 July 2025 in order to enhance passenger capacity on this demanding route.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-07 |title=Kacheguda-Yesvantpur Vande Bharat to have 16 coaches from July 10 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/kacheguda-yesvantpur-vande-bharat-to-have-16-coaches-from-july-10/article69783542.ece |access-date=2025-07-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SCRailwayIndia |first=South Central Railway |date=7 July 2025 |title=Kacheguda – Yesvantpur - Kacheguda Vande Bharat Express to operate with 16 Coaches from 10.07.2025 #VandeBharatExpress |url=https://x.com/SCRailwayIndia/status/1942178466998452310 |access-date=7 July 2025 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Keval |first=Varun |date=2025-07-07 |title=Hyderabad-Bengaluru Vande Bharat Express Expands Coaches to Meet High Demand |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/hyderabad-bengaluru-vande-bharat-express-expands-coaches-to-meet-high-demand-985967 |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Service ==

The 20703/20704 Kacheguda - Yesvantpur Jn Vande Bharat Express operates six days a week except Wednesdays, covering a distance of {{cvt|612|km}} in a travel time of 8 hours with an average speed of {{cvt|74|km/h}}. The service has 4 intermediate stops. The Maximum Permissible Speed is {{cvt|130|km/h}}.

== See also ==
* [[Vande Bharat Express]]
* [[Tejas Express]]
* [[Gatimaan Express]]
* [[Kacheguda railway station]]
* [[Yesvantpur Junction railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Vande Bharat Express}}

[[Category:Vande Bharat Express trains]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]

Breaking the Mould

2026-01-12T04:36:24Z

Davidwez: added a post.

{{Short description|2023 non-fiction book}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Breaking the Mould: Reimagining India's Economic Future
| image = Breaking the Mould Book Cover.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Raghuram Rajan]] Rohit Lamba
| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| release_number =
| subject = [[Indian economy]], economic policy, development
| genre = Non-fiction
| set_in =
| publisher = [[Penguin Random House India]]
| published = 6 December 2023
| media_type = Print (hardcover), e-book
| pages = 336
| isbn = 978-9-357-08794-0
| isbn_note =
| oclc =
| dewey =
| congress =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| notes =
| exclude_cover =
}}

'''''Breaking the Mould: Reimagining India's Economic Future''''' is a non-fiction book by economists [[Raghuram Rajan]] and Rohit Lamba, published on 6 December 2023 by [[Penguin Random House India]]. The book analyses challenges facing the [[Indian economy]], critiques past and present economic policies, and proposes strategies for inclusive growth. Written in a conversational style, it draws on Rajan’s experience as former [[Reserve Bank of India]] governor and [[International Monetary Fund]] chief economist, and Lamba’s academic perspective. It received positive reviews for its clarity but faced criticism for lacking detailed implementation plans.

== Summary ==
The book’s 12-chapter narrative examines India’s economic trajectory, arguing that the traditional manufacturing-led growth model is less viable today.<ref name="Scroll2024">{{Cite web |last=Rajan |first=Raghuram |date=2024-01-27 |title=In his new book, Raghuram Rajan examines why manufacturing has become so difficult in India |url=https://scroll.in/article/1062633/in-his-new-book-raghuram-rajan-examines-why-manufacturing-has-become-so-difficult-in-india |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> Rajan and Lamba advocate a service-oriented approach, emphasizing human capital, innovation, and decentralized governance. Key topics include:
India’s shift from agriculture to services, bypassing large-scale manufacturing.<ref name="Scroll2024"/> It advocates for education reform to foster critical thinking,<ref name="AsianAge2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-20 |title=Book Review: India, Almost Middle-Income, Yet Needs to Become Thinking Nation |url=https://www.asianage.com/books/200124/book-review-india-almost-middle-income-yet-needs-to-become-thinking-nation.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[Asian Age]] |archive-date=2025-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423220844/https://www.asianage.com/books/200124/book-review-india-almost-middle-income-yet-needs-to-become-thinking-nation.html |url-status=live }}</ref> addressing unemployment and regional inequalities,<ref name="IndianExpress2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-20 |title=Breaking the Mould book: Indian economy, inequalities |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/breaking-the-mould-book-indian-economy-inequalities-raghuram-rajan-9293709/ |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=2024-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917081117/https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/breaking-the-mould-book-indian-economy-inequalities-raghuram-rajan-9293709/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Hindu2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-20 |title=India: politics, people, food safety, employment |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/india-politics-people-food-safety-employment/article67653845.ece |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> and strengthening local governance.<ref name="Hindu2024" />

The book critiques policies like “[[Make in India]]” for overemphasizing manufacturing.<ref name="Telegraph2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-06 |title=Crucial flags for change: Raghuram Rajan and Rohit Lamba's book is a polite critique |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/crucial-flags-for-change-raghuram-rajan-and-rohit-lambas-book-is-a-polite-critique-of-not-only-indias-past-economic-strategies-but-also-the-way-in-which-indias-economy-is-c/cid/1999304 |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |archive-date=2025-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423215811/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/crucial-flags-for-change-raghuram-rajan-and-rohit-lambas-book-is-a-polite-critique-of-not-only-indias-past-economic-strategies-but-also-the-way-in-which-indias-economy-is-c/cid/1999304 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Development and release ==
{{quote box
| quote="India cannot simply follow the path China took ... We argue for a different path, one that leverages India’s strengths in services, its vibrant democracy, and its entrepreneurial energy."
| source = —Raghuram Rajan and Rohit Lamba<ref name="Deccan2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-06 |title=Breaking the Mould: Reimagining India's Economic Future in December |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/061123/breaking-the-mould-reimagining-indias-economic-future-in-december.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-date=2025-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423220746/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/books-and-art/061123/breaking-the-mould-reimagining-indias-economic-future-in-december.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| width = 30%
}}
The book stemmed from conversations between Rajan and Lamba, who met when Lamba was a graduate student.<ref name="ET2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-28 |title=Co-author of Raghuram Rajan's book 'Breaking the Mould' once wanted to work for free for him |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/new-updates/co-author-of-raghuram-rajans-book-breaking-the-mould-once-wanted-to-work-for-free-for-him/articleshow/105563794.cms |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="NDTV2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-28 |title=From Free Work Pitch to Co-Authoring: The Story of Raghuram Rajan's Mentee |url=https://www.ndtv.com/feature/from-free-work-pitch-to-co-authoring-the-story-of-raghuram-rajans-mentee-4614965 |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> Lamba’s admiration for Rajan evolved into this collaboration, drawing on Rajan’s policy experience and Lamba’s research at [[New York University Abu Dhabi]]. The title reflects their aim to challenge conventional economic models.
Announced in mid-2023, it was published on 6 December 2023 in hardcover and e-book formats.<ref name="GoogleBooks">{{Cite book |title=Breaking the Mould |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4DyEAAAQBAJ |access-date=2025-04-15 |website=[[Google Books]] | isbn=978-93-5708-794-0 |archive-date=2025-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423215834/https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Breaking_the_Mould.html?id=V4DyEAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |url-status=live | last1=Rajan | first1=Raghuram | last2=Lamba | first2=Rohit | date=7 December 2023 | publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited }}</ref><ref name="Deccan2023"/>

== Critical reception ==
The book was praised for its accessible style. [[The Hindu Business Line]] called it “a balanced critique free of ideological baggage”.<ref name="HBL2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-24 |title=Breaking the Mould: Reimagining India's Economic Future |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/reviews/breaking-the-mould-reimagining-indias-economic-future/article67673500.ece |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[The Hindu Business Line]] |archive-date=2024-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304090916/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/books/reviews/breaking-the-mould-reimagining-indias-economic-future/article67673500.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] noted its focus on decentralization but cautioned that its optimism might overlook political hurdles.<ref name="Mint2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-06 |title=Raghuram Rajan: Breaking the Mould |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/ideas/raghuram-rajan-breaking-the-mould-book-review-111704895966753.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> [[Hindustan Times]] deemed it “essential reading for policymakers”.<ref name="HT2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-04-29 |title=Decoding the Indian economy and how it can break the mould |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/decoding-the-indian-economy-and-how-it-can-break-the-mould-101716145639890.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> [[India Today]] found its ideas compelling but noted a lack of specific implementation details.<ref name="IndiaToday2024">{{Cite news |date=2024-01-27 |title=Books off the beaten track |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20240205-books-off-the-beaten-track-2493884-2024-01-27 |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=2025-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423215818/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/up-front/story/20240205-books-off-the-beaten-track-2493884-2024-01-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Telegraph (India)]] described it as “a polite yet firm call for reform”.<ref name="Telegraph2024"/>
Some reviewers found the proposals ambitious but vague. [[Business Standard]] appreciated its “question-driven approach” but sought more actionable steps.<ref name="BS2023">{{Cite news |date=2023-12-28 |title=India's growth story: A question of answers |url=https://www.business-standard.com/book/india-s-growth-story-a-question-of-answers-123122801089_1.html |access-date=2025-04-15 |work=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref> [[Asian Age]] valued its education focus but questioned its feasibility in India’s political landscape.<ref name="AsianAge2024"/>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Google Books|id=V4DyEAAAQBAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2023 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Economic development in India]]
[[Category:Penguin Random House books]]
[[Category:Economics books]]

Sunith Francis Rodrigues

2025-12-25T19:18:34Z

Davidwez: further added content as per guidelines and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Indian army officer (1933–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[General (India)|General]]
| name = Sunith Francis Rodrigues
| honorific_suffix = [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
| image = General Sunith Francis Rodrigues.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1933|9|19}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2022|3|4|1933|9|19}}
| death_place = [[Panaji, Goa]], India
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates = 
| office = 26th [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]] and 13th [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]
| term_start = 16 November 2004
| term_end = 22 January 2010
| appointer = [[President of India]] {{small|(then, [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]])}}
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| predecessor = [[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]] {{small|''(additional charge)''}} [[O. P. Verma|Om Prakash Verma]]
| successor = [[Shivraj Patil]]
| office1 = 32nd [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
| term_start1 = 1 August 1991
| term_end1 = 30 June 1993
| president1 = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]] [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| primeminister1 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| predecessor1 = [[Surinder Mehra]]
| successor1 = [[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]
| office2 = 15th [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]]
| term_start2 = 1 July 1990
| term_end2 = 30 June 1993
| president2 = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]] [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| primeminister2 = [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh|V. P. Singh]] [[Chandra Shekhar]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| predecessor2 = [[Vishwa Nath Sharma]]
| successor2 = [[Bipin Chandra Joshi]]
| spouse = 
| relations =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| module = {{infobox military person | embed = yes
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| branch_label = Branch
| serviceyears = 1952–1993
| serviceyears_label = Service years{{0|00}}
| rank = [[File:General of the Indian Army.svg|15px]] [[General (India)|General]]
| service_number = IC-6119<ref name="commission"/>
| unit = [[File:Regiment of Artillery Insignia (India).svg|20px]] [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]
| commands = [[File:IA_Western_Command.svg|20px]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Army]] [[File:IA_Central_Command.jpg|20px]] [[Central Command (India)|Central Army]]
| battles = [[Sino-Indian War|Sino-Indian War of 1962]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971]]
| battles_label = Conflicts
| awards = {{plainlist|
* {{nobr|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]}}
* [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}
| laterwork = {{ubil|[[National Security Council (India)|NSAB]]|Director of International Centre, [[Goa]]}}
| memorials =
}}
}}

[[General (India)|General]] '''Sunith Francis Rodrigues''', [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] (19 September 1933 – 4 March 2022) was an Indian army officer who was [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of the Army Staff]] of the [[Indian Army]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?262249| title = Ice Station Taurus {{!}} Outlook India Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/nation/the-colonel-who-got-us-siachen|title = The Colonel Who Got Us Siachen|date = 8 July 2010}}</ref> from 1990 to 1993 and [[List of governors of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] from 2004 to 2010.

==Early life and education==
Rodrigues was born in [[Bombay]] in 1933. He was educated at [[St. Xavier's High School, Fort]] in Bombay.

==Military service==
Rodrigues joined the [[Joint Services Wing]] of the [[Indian Military Academy]] in 1949 and was commissioned on 28 December 1952 into the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]].<ref name="commission"/> After serving in several field and self-propelled artillery units he applied for pilot training in the [[air observation post]] of the Artillery in 1964 and qualified as an artillery aviation pilot. Between 1964 and 1969, he logged more than 158 flying hours on observation aircraft and helicopters, including 65 hours of combat flying during the 1965 war in which his unit logged on more than 56 precision artillery fire to effect on enemy formations.

He attended the [[Defence Services Staff College]] and took over as GSO II operations in [[XXXIII Corps (India)|XXXIII Corps]] HQ in 1971. In 1972, after the war with [[Pakistan]], he was awarded the [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] for distinguished service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1321-1972-0036-58849.pdf.|title=Lt. Col. Sunith Francis Rodrigues (IC 6119), Artillery − VSM Citation in 'The Gazette of India No 36' Page 982| date=2 September 1972|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref> He later served as a GSO I operations of a division from 1973 to 1975.

As a [[Brigadier]], he commanded a mountain infantry brigade in a high altitude sector from 1975 to 1977. Post this, Rodrigues attended the 1978 course at [[Royal College of Defence Studies]] in the United Kingdom. He was Chief Instructor at Defence Services Staff College from 1979 to November 1981.

===General officer===
Rodrigues was then promoted to the rank of [[Major General]] and then took over the command of a division in a high altitude area. In 1982, he was awarded the master's degree in Defence Studies. He then served as the Chief of Staff of a Corps from 1983 to September 1985 after which he took over as Director General Military Training (DGMT).

After promotion to the rank of [[Lieutenant General]], Rodrigues took command of a corps in the Northern Sector in 1986.

He was Vice Chief of Army Staff from November 1987 to April 1989 and then [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] of Central Command from April 1989 to October 1989. He then took over [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]] from 1 November 1989 to 30 June 1990 and was the Chief of Army Staff from 1990 to 1993. He retired on 30 June 1993 after nearly 41 years of service.

==Public service==
After his retirement Rodrigues was Director of the International Centre, [[Goa]] for nearly six years. He served two terms on the National Security Advisory Board. Since his retirement, he has been engaged in social and literary pursuits and has also delivered talks on strategic issues. He takes a keen interest in education and empowering children to achieve their potential. He was on the Executive Council of [[Goa University]] for seven years and on the Managing Committee of the Goa Chamber of Commerce. He is also a long-standing Member of the Goa Planning Board and on the Board of Governors of the Goa Institute of Management.

===Governor of Punjab===
Rodrigues was appointed Governor of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and Administrator of the [[Union Territory]] of [[Chandigarh]] on 8 November 2004, and he was sworn into office on 16 November 2004.

He was succeeded by [[Shivraj Patil]] on 22 January 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shiv Raj Patil is 33rd Governor of Punjab |newspaper=Punjab Newsline Network |date=22 January 2010 |url=http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/shiv-raj-patil-33rd-governor-punjab}}</ref>

==Death==
Rodrigues died at the Manipal Hospital in Dona Paula on 4 March 2022, at the age of 88.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-04 |title=Former Army Chief Gen Rodrigues passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-army-chief-gen-rodrigues-passes-away/article65190281.ece |access-date=2022-03-04 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Military awards and decorations==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
|[[File:Param Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:Vishisht Seva Medal ribbon.svg|105px]]
|
|-
|[[File:India General Service Medal 1947.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Samar Seva Star Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Poorvi Star Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Paschimi Star Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND Raksha Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Sangram Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND Sainya Seva Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND High Altitude Medal Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|-
|[[File:IND 25th Anniversary Independence medal.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 30 Years Long Service Ribbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 20YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|[[File:IND 9YearsServiceMedalRibbon.svg|105px]]
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|colspan="2"|[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|colspan="2"|[[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
|-
|[[General Service Medal 1947]]
|[[Samar Seva Star]]
|[[Poorvi Star]]
|[[Paschimi Star]]
|-
|[[Raksha Medal]]
|[[Sangram Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|Sainya Seva Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|High Altitude Service Medal]]
|-
|[[Indian military decorations#Service and campaign medals|25th Anniversary of Independence Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|30 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|20 Years Long Service Medal]]
|[[Indian military decorations#Long service awards|9 Years Long Service Medal]]
|}

==Dates of rank==
{|class="wikitable" style="background:white"
! Insignia !! Rank !! Component !! Date of rank
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Second Lieutenant of the Indian Army.svg|35px]] || [[Second Lieutenant]] || [[Indian Army]] || 28 December 1952<ref name="commission">{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=154 |date=11 July 1953 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant]] || Indian Army || 28 December 1954<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=45 |date=26 February 1955 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Captain_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] || Indian Army || 28 December 1958<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=109 |date=9 May 1959 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]] || Indian Army || 28 December 1965<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=175 |date=19 March 1966 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-Colonel]] || Indian Army || 17 June 1973<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=905 |date=10 August 1974 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Colonel_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Colonel]] || Indian Army || 1975
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Brigadier_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Brigadier]] || Indian Army || 2 September 1976<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=295 |date=1 April 1978 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Major_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Major general#India|Major General]] || Indian Army || 8 April 1983<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=1144 |date=14 July 1984 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:Lieutenant_General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[Lieutenant-General]] || Indian Army || 20 September 1985<ref>{{cite news |title=Part I − Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch) |page=363 |date=22 March 1986 |publisher=The Gazette of India}}</ref>
|-
|align="center" |[[File:General_of_the_Indian_Army.svg|35px]] || [[General]] (COAS) || Indian Army || 30 June 1990
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef
|before = [[Surinder Mehra]]}}
{{s-ttl
|title = [[Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee]]
|years = 1 August 1991 – 30 June 1993}}
{{s-aft
| after =[[Laxminarayan Ramdas]]
}}
{{succession box | before = [[Vishwa Nath Sharma]]|title = [[Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army|Chief of Army Staff]] | years = 1990–1993 | after = [[B. C. Joshi|Bipin Chandra Joshi]]}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Vice Chief of Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of Army Staff]]
| years = 1 November 1987 – 20 April 1989
| before = J K Puri
| after = V K Sood
}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]]
| years = 1 November 1989 – 30 June 1990
| before = V K Nayak
| after = G S Grewal
}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[General officer commanding#Usage in the Indian Army|General Officer Commanding-in-Chief]] [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]]
| years = 1 April 1989 – 30 October 1989
| before = [[Sami Khan (general)|Sami Khan]]
| after = [[F. N. Billimoria]]
}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]
| title=[[List of Governors of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]]
| years = 2004–2010
| after = [[Shivraj Patil]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee}}
{{Chief of the Army Staff India}}
{{PunjabGovernors}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodrigues, Sunith Francis}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Vice chiefs of Army Staff (India)]]
[[Category:Goan Catholics]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:Governors of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Param Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Defence Services Staff College]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]

Dangidhar railway station

2025-12-25T04:14:10Z

Davidwez: added info.

{{Short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Dangidhar
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption =
| address = State Highway 14, Dangidhar, [[Sagar district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.871771|79.019912|format=dms|display=inline}}
| line = [[Bina–Katni line]]
| other =
| elevation = {{convert|434|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on ground)
| platform = 2
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = Triple Electric-Line
| parking = Yes
| bicycle =
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = DGD
| zone = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Jabalpur}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways
|line=West Central Railway zone|left=Girwar|right=Ganeshganj|type=[[Bina–Katni line]]}}
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| map_locator =
| map_type = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| map_dot_label =
| map_size = 300
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
}}

'''Dangidhar railway station''' is a railway station in located on [[Bina–Katni line|Bina–Katni railway line]] operated by the [[West Central Railway]] under [[Jabalpur railway division]]. It is situated beside State Highway 14 at Dangidhar in [[Sagar district]] in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dangidhar Railway Station Map/Atlas WCR/West Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/dangidhar-dgd/5161 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

==History==
Katni Bina line was established in 1923. It was started with a [[Single-track railway|single track]] which was later converted to [[double track]] in 1982. It got electrified during 1994–95.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=History of Indian Railways from 1853 to Present |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/history-of-indian-railways-1644394598-1 |access-date=2025-12-24 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brief on Railway Electrification |url=https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya0/0/8/0/5/1242805/0/welcometoofficialwebsiteofcore.pdf |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Sagar district]]
[[Category:Jabalpur railway division]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-railstation-stub}}

Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies

2025-12-24T18:23:18Z

Davidwez: new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies
| image_name =
| caption =
| established = 1998
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| chairman = Ram Kailash Gupta
| chancellor =
| vice_chancellor =
| director = Dr. Ajay Kumar
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| city = Madhuban Chowk, Sector 14, [[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]]
| state = [[Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| campus = Madhuban Chowk, ([[Rohini, Delhi|Rohini]] Sector 14)
| colors =
| nickname = TIAS
| website = [http://www.tiaspg.tecnia.in/ www.tiaspg.tecnia.in]
| logo =
| footnotes =
| affiliations = [[Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]
| faculty =
}}
{{coord|28.7061093|77.1276947|display=title}}
'''Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies''' ('''TIAS''') is a college affiliated with Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and located in [[Rohini, Delhi|Madhuban Chowk, Sector 14, Rohini]], [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Self Financing Institute|url=http://ipu.ac.in/affiliates/Instlist220318.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref> TIAS is recognised under section 2(f) by [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Colleges Under 2(f) of UGC|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/colleges/List%20of%20Colleges%20under%202(f)%20and%2012(B)%20as%20on%2030-09-2018.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref> Admission to TIAS is through the [[Common Entrance Test]] (CET) conducted by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University.
Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies (TIAS) – is ISO 9001:2015 & ISO 14001:2015 certified institute for its Quality Management System (QMS) and Environmental Management System (EMS) by ISC Assurance Services Pvt. Ltd for recognition for its well established system

==History==
TIAS was established in 1998 by Health and Education আমরা করব.

==Recognition and accreditation==
TIAS has been accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) with an "A" grade.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accreditation List|url=http://web5.kar.nic.in/naac_ec/NAAC_accreditlist_pdf.aspx|website=web5.kar.nic.in|accessdate=30 November 2018|publisher=[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]]|archive-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118225051/http://web5.kar.nic.in/naac_ec/NAAC_accreditlist_pdf.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The institute offers MBA, MCA, BBA and BJMC degree programmes.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Self Financing Institute|url=http://ipu.ac.in/affiliates/Instlist220318.pdf|accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref>

==Courses==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!scope="col"| Course Name
!scope="col"| Intake
!scope="col"| Placement CTC
|-
| Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
| 180(Morning Shift) + 180 (Evening shift)
| 2–3.5 LPA
|-
| Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)
| 60
| 3-4 LPA
|-
| Bachelor of Journalism and Mass Communication (BJMC)
| 180(M) + 180(E)
| 2-3 LPA
|-
| Master of Business Administration (MBA)
| 240 + 60(E)
| 4-6 LPA
|-
| Master of Computer Applications (MCA)
| 30
| 4-6 LPA
|-
|}

==Admissions==
Admissions in TIAS are provided through a Common Entrance Test (CET) exam conducted by GGSIPU.
Admissions are also provided through management quota for with 10% of the seats are reserved by the college. Charges for seat might defer from course to course but might cost approx 4-10 lacs per seat.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Delhi]]
[[Category:Colleges of the Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University]]
[[Category:Journalism schools in India]]
[[Category:Business schools in Delhi]]

South Asian Free Trade Area

2025-12-18T13:33:57Z

Davidwez:

{{More citations needed|date=June 2012}}
{{Short description|Multilateral trade agreement}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox Geopolitical organization
| conventional_long_name = South Asian Free Trade Agreement

| image_map = South Asia (orthographic projection) without national boundaries.svg
| map_caption = Countries under the South Asian Free Trade
| membership = {{unbulleted list |class=nowrap|{{AFG}} |{{BAN}} |{{BHU}} |{{IND}}|{{MDV}}|{{NEP}}|{{PAK}}|{{SRI}}}}
| membership_type = Member states
| established = 2006
| established_event1 = Location
| established_date1 = [[List of SAARC summits|12th SAARC summit]], [[Islamabad]], Pakistan
| established_event2 = Date
| established_date2 = 6 January 2004
| established_event3 = In force
| established_date3 = 1 January 2006
| established_event4 =
| established_date4 =
}}

The '''South Asian Free Trade Area''' ('''SAFTA''') is a 2004 agreement that created a [[free-trade area]] of 1.6 billion people in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka with the vision of increasing economic cooperation and integration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) |url=http://www.doc.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32&Itemid=157&lang=en |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=doc.gov.lk |publisher=Department of Commerce, Government of Sri Lanka}}</ref>

One of the major goals was to reduce [[duty (economics)|customs duties]] of all traded [[goods]] to zero by 2016. SAFTA required the [[developing country|developing countries]] in South Asia (India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) to bring their duties down to 20 per cent in the first phase of the two-year period ending in 2007. In the final five-year phase ending in 2012, the 20-percent duty was reduced to zero in a series of annual cuts. The [[least developed countries]] in the region had an additional three years to reduce tariffs to zero. India and Pakistan ratified the treaty in 2009, whereas Afghanistan, as the eighth member state of the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]], ratified the SAFTA protocol on 4 May 2011.<ref>{{cite web | author=SAARC | date=2 November 2011 | url=http://www.saarc-sec.org/areaofcooperation/detail.php?activity_id=36 | title=SAFTA protocol | work=SAARC | access-date=2 November 2011}}</ref>

==History==
=== SAPTA ===
The establishment of an Inter-Governmental Group (IGG) to formulate an agreement to establish a South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement (SAPTA) by 1997 was approved at the sixth summit of the SAARC, held in Colombo in December 1993.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FTA Analysis: A Comparative Analysis of Tariff Concessions offered by Sri Lanka to India under Various agreements signed by India & Sri Lanka |url=https://www.fieo.org/view_section.php?lang=0&id=0,902 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=fieo.org |publisher=Federation of Indian Export Organisations}}</ref>

=== SAFTA ===
The agreement was signed in 2004 and came into effect on 1 January 2006, with the desire of the member states of the SAARC (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) to promote and sustain mutual trade and economic cooperation within the SAARC region through the exchange of concessions.

The agreement was reached on 6 January 2004, at the [[list of SAARC summits|12th SAARC summit]]. The SAFTA agreement came into force on 1 January 2006,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Asia Regional Integration |title=South Asian Free Trade Area Free Trade Agreement |url=https://aric.adb.org/fta/south-asian-free-trade-area |access-date=2018-03-02 |website=aric.adb.org}}</ref> and is operational following the ratification of the agreement by the eight governments.{{Update inline|date=February 2022}}

The basic principles underlying the SAFTA are as follows:

# ''overall reciprocity'' and ''mutuality of advantages'' so as to benefit equitably all Contracting States, taking into account their respective level of economic and industrial development, the pattern of their external trade, and trade and tariff policies and systems;
# negotiation of ''tariff reform'' step by step, improved and extended in successive stages through periodic reviews;
# recognition of the special needs of the Least Developed Contracting States and agreement on ''concrete preferential measures'' in their favour;
# inclusion of all products, manufactures and commodities in their raw, semi-processed and processed forms.

In 2011, Afghanistan joined the SAFTA.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140407034150/http://customs.mof.gov.af/en/page/1011 Afghanistan Customs Department – South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)]</ref>

The purpose of the SAFTA is to encourage and elevate common contract among the countries such as medium and long-term contracts. Contracts involving trade operated by states, supply and import assurance in respect of specific products etc. It involves agreement on tariff concession like national duties concession and non-tariff concession.

The main objective of the agreement is to promote competition in the area and to provide equitable benefits to the countries involved. It aims to benefit the people of the countries by bringing transparency and integrity among the nations. The SAFTA was also formed to increase the level of trade and economic cooperation among the SAARC nations by reducing the tariff and barriers and also to provide special preference to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) among the SAARC nations. to establish a framework for further regional cooperation. SAARC also maintain free trade agreement among member nations.

==Instruments==
The following are the instruments involved in the SAFTA:

*Trade liberalisation programme
*[[Rules of origin]]
*Institutional arrangements
*Consultation
*Safeguard measures
*Any other instrument that may be agreed upon.<ref>[http://commerce.nic.in/trade/safta.pdf A complete agreement of SAFTA]</ref>

==Trade liberalisation programme==
According to the trade liberalisation programme, contracting countries must follow the tariff reduction schedule. There should be a fall to 20% tariff from the existing tariff by the non-Least Developing Countries and 30% reduction from the existing tariff by the Least Developing Countries. But trade liberalisation scheme is not to be applied for the sensitive list because this list is to be negotiated among the contracting countries and then to be traded. Sensitive list will involve common agreement among the contracting countries favouring the least developed contracting countries. The SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC) will be participating to review the sensitive list in every four years with a view of reducing the list.

==Sensitive list==
A sensitive list is a list with every country which does not include tariff concession. Bangladesh has 1,233 products on the sensitive list for the Least Developing countries and 1,241 for the non-Least developing countries under the SAFTA. Bangladesh will reduce the sensitive list by 246 items for the least developed countries (LDCs) and 248 for the non-LDCs.<ref>[http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=150983 BANGLADESH MAKES BIG CUT IN SAFTA]</ref> India has 25 items on the sensitive list for the LDCs and 695 for the non-LDCs. [[Manmohan Singh]], then Indian Prime Minister, announced in September in Dhaka that he will reduce the Sensitive List by 46. Bhutan has 150 items for both the LDCs and non-LDCs and has no plan of shortening its list. Nepal has 1,257 for the LDCs and 1,295 for the non-LDCs. Nepal has reduced its list by 259 from its previous list of 1295. Now it's 1036, said joint secretary at Ministry of Commerce and Supplies.<ref>[http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=SAFTA+ministerial+meeting+in+offing&NewsID=290071 NEPAL CUTS ITS SENSITIVE LIST]</ref> The Maldives has 681 for all seven SAFTA nations. Pakistan had 1,169 in its sensitive list but has cut its sensitive list by 20% to 936.<ref>[http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/10/pakistan-cuts-sensitive-list-from-1169-to-936-under-safta/ PAKISTAN CUTS ITS SENSITIVE LIST]</ref> Sri Lanka has 1,042 and Afghanistan has 1,072 items on their blacklist.

==Palm-oil importation to India==
Traders use the SAFTA to reroute [[palm oil]] through Nepal into India. The Solvent Extractors’ Association of India (SEA), the apex body of the vegetable oil trade, has called upon the government to look for ways to end indirect sourcing of palm oil and soyoil from Nepal under cover of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). This indirect route helps Malaysia reroute palm oil through Nepal to offset Indian government's move to stop imports of Malaysian palm oil after Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's stand against the abrogation of special status to Kashmir. Palm oil accounts for nearly two-thirds of India's total edible oil imports. India buys palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia, while soybean oil is imported mainly from Argentina and Brazil. The country sources sunflower oil from Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2019 |title=Traders use SAFTA to reroute palm oil through Bangladesh, Nepal: SEA |url=https://www.domain-b.com/industry/oil_gas/20191023_palm.html |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=domain-b.com}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=35em}}
*[[Asia Cooperation Dialogue]]
*[[Asian Clearing Union]]
*[[Asia-Pacific Trade Agreements Database]]
*[[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation]] (BIMSTEC)
*[[Free-trade area]]
*[[Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation]]
*[[Market access]]
*[[Mekong-Ganga Cooperation]]
*[[Rules of origin]]
*[[SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning]]
*[[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] (SAARC)
*[[South Asian Economic Union]]
*[[South Asian Federation of Accountants]]
*[[South Asian Football Federation]]
*[[Tariff]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Anil |date=6 February 2022 |title=SAFTA certification issue: For past four days, imports stalled from Afghanistan via ICP Attari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/safta-certification-issue-for-past-four-days-imports-stalled-from-afghanistan-via-icp-attari-101644090510493.html|website=Hindustan Times}}
*{{Cite web |last=Kathuria |first=Sanjay |last2=Rizwan |first2=Nadeem |date=14 February 2019 |title=How South Asia can become a free trade area |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/endpovertyinsouthasia/how-south-asia-can-become-free-trade-area |publisher=World Bank}}

==External links==
*[http://www.saarc-sec.org/areaofcooperation/detail.php?activity_id=5 SAARC South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)]
*[http://www.saarc-sec.org/userfiles/saftaagreement.pdf SAFTA Text]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110310195438/http://digitalmedia.worldbank.org/sar/trade/ World Bank, Data and Analysis on Trade and Regional Integration in South Asia]
*[http://www.towardsunity.org/downloads/Agreement%20on%20South%20Asian%20South%20Trade%20Area%20(SAFTA).pdf Towards Unity: SAFTA Treaty]
*[http://www.freshnews.in/saarc-proposes-south-asian-economic-union-condemns-terrorism-2221 SAARC proposes South Asian Economic Union, condemns terrorism]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110518204054/http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/1592.asp South Asian Economic Union – a growing reality that can change the world]
*[https://www.domain-b.com/industry/oil_gas/20191023_palm.html Traders use SAFTA to reroute palm oil through Bangladesh, Nepal: SEA]

{{SAFTA}}
{{South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation}}


[[Category:Free-trade areas]]
[[Category:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|Trade Area]]
[[Category:Trade blocs]]
[[Category:Free trade agreements]]
[[Category:Free trade agreements of India]]
[[Category:Free trade agreements of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Economy of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Economy of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Economy of Bhutan]]
[[Category:Economy of the Maldives]]
[[Category:Economy of Nepal]]
[[Category:Economy of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:2004 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:2006 introductions]]

Arora

2025-12-10T14:41:33Z

Davidwez: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|Community in India}}
{{distinguish|Aurora}}
{{Other uses}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Arora
|languages = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Lahnda]] − [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Thali dialect|Thali]], [[Riasti dialect|Riasti]], [[Pahari-Pothwari]], [[Hindko]], [[Khetrani language|Khetrani]], [[Jatki language|Jatki]]),<ref name=":1822">{{Cite book|last=Oonk|first=Gijsbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkwsMTyShi8C&dq=they+are+the+only+hindus+known+in+central+asia+khatris&pg=PA44|title=Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory|date=2007|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-035-8|pages=43–45|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":222">{{Cite book|last=Singer|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asqdNQAACAAJ|title=Guardians of the North-West Frontier: The Pathans|date=1982|publisher=Time-Life Books|isbn=978-0-7054-0702-1|language=en}}</ref>{{sfnp|Levi|2002|p=107}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2016|title=Blame caste for Pakistan's violent streak, not faith|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/aakarvani/blame-caste-for-pakistans-violent-streak-not-faith/|access-date=17 September 2021|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
|religions= [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]]
|region = '''Contemporarily''' [[Punjab|Punjab (India)]] • [[Sindh]] • [[Haryana]] • [[Delhi]] • [[Rajasthan]] • [[Uttar Pradesh]] '''[[Partition of India|Historically]]''' [[Derajat]] ([[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] • [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] • [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]), [[Sindh]] and [[Pothohar Plateau]]
| related= [[Khatri]] • [[Bhatia caste|Bhatia]] • [[Sood (surname)|Sood]]
}}

'''Arora''' is a [[caste system in India|caste]] originating from northern [[Sindh]] and southern [[Punjab]] comprising both [[Hindus]] and [[Sikhs]].<ref name="Boivin2020">{{cite book |last1=Boivin |first1=Michel |title=The Sufi Paradigm and the Makings of a Vernacular Knowledge in Colonial India |chapter=The Transmission of Colonial Knowledge |date=2020 |pages=74 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-41991-2_3 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-41991-2_3 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-41990-5 |language=en|chapter-url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhardwaj |first=Surinder M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6XJFokSJzEC&pg=PA231 |title=Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India: A Study in Cultural Geography |date=8 July 1983 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04951-2 |pages=231 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bka" /> The name is derived from their ancestral place of [[Aror]], [[Sindh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=Disha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V89CEAAAQBAJ&q=aror+ancestral+place |title=Errorless 16 Year-wise MPPSC General Studies Prelims Solved Paper 1 (2003 - 21) 2nd Edition |date=2021-09-01 |publisher=Disha Publications |isbn=978-93-91551-70-4 |quote=Aror is the ancestral town of the Arora Community. In 711, Aror was captured by the army of Muslim general Muhammad bin Qasim .}}</ref><ref name="one">{{Cite book|last=Hanks|first=Patrick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJoDDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|title=Dictionary of American Family Names|date=8 May 2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-977169-1|pages=58}}</ref>{{efn|Now known as [[Rohri]], a city near [[Sukkur]] in present-day [[Sindh]], Pakistan.}} In 712, the Arora people are said to have left Aror and started to settle in the cities of [[Punjab]],<ref name="Malhotra2002">{{cite book|last=Malhotra|first=Anshu|title=Gender, Caste, and Religious Identities: Restructuring Class in Colonial Punjab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ykqAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=8 October 2014|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195656480|quote=The Aroras were also said to be the Khatris of Arorkot, or Aror, the ancient capital of Sindh.}}</ref> mainly in South [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref name="bka"/> However, according to [[W. H. McLeod]], many Aroras originally came from the [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar]] area in North Punjab.<ref name="McLeod">{{Cite book|last=McLeod|first=W. H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA21|title=The A to Z of Sikhism|date=24 July 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6|pages=21, 213, 128}}</ref>

Their traditional occupations were [[Shopkeeper|shopkeeping]], petty-business and moneylending in late pre-colonial and colonial times and even as of 2009 many were prominent shopkeepers in Punjab.

Historically, the Arora section of the [[Khatri]] community had been principally found in [[West Punjab]], in the districts to the south and west of [[Lahore]]. Scott Cameron Levi, believes that they are a "sub-caste of the Khatris".{{sfnp|Levi|2002|p=107}}

After the [[partition of India]], Punjabis who migrated from erstwhile West Punjab were mostly Khatris and Aroras. Studies reveal that "Arora Khatri, Bedi, Ahluwalia, etc. are some of the important castes among the [[Punjabis]]".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Government of Haryana|first=Department of Welfare|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515063352/http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|archive-date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department|pages=05,135}}</ref>

[[File:The town of Roree and the fortress of Bukker, on the Indus.jpg|thumb|The town of [[Rohri]] in [[Sukkur District]] of [[Sindh]], sketched in 1842.]]

== Divisions in Sikh traditions ==
Per Sikhism, the Arora are divided into four territorial groups: the Uttarādhīs from the north, the Ḍakhaṇās from the south, the Dāhrās from the West and the Sindhīs, from [[Sindh]]. The Dāhrās and Ḍakhaṇās are sometimes classed as one groups.<ref name="bka">{{cite journal |author1=H. Syan Singh |title=Khatrīs and Aroṛās |journal=Encyclopedia of Sikhism Online |date=2017 |doi=10.1163/2589-2118_beso_com_031682 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2589-2118_BESO_COM_031682 |publisher=Brill |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== History ==
=== Origin ===
{{See also|Battle of Aror|Umayyad conquest of Sindh}}

Aror is the ancestral town of the Arora community.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hanks |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJoDDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |title=Dictionary of American Family Names |date=8 May 2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-977169-1 |pages=58 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Garg |first=Gaṅgā Rām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0U2QRpDv2KMC |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-373-3 |language=en |quote=When Muhammad-bin-Qāsim plundered the place Arora in 712 and defeated Rājā Dāhar, who belonged to the Arorā dynasty, the Arorā people left Sind and settled in the Punjāb cities, situated on the banks of the rivers Sind, Jhelum, Cenāb and Rāvī.}}</ref><ref name="Malhotra2002" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thakur |first=U. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuItAAAAMAAJ |title=Sindhi Culture |date=1959 |publisher=University of Bombay |pages=58 |language=en |quote=This Arorkot is Arore or Alore and the Aroras are called after the name of the ancient capital Arore.}}</ref><ref name="Vikas Publishing House">{{Cite book |last1=Dogra |first1=R. C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=upLXAAAAMAAJ |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture |last2=Mansukhani |first2=Gobind Singh |date=1995 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |isbn=978-0-7069-8368-5 |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref> Little is known about the city's history prior to the Arab invasion in the 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Albert William |url=https://archive.org/details/agazetteerprovi00unkngoog |title=A Gazetteer of the Province of Sind |date=1876 |publisher=G. Bell and Sons |page=[https://archive.org/details/agazetteerprovi00unkngoog/page/n712 677] |quote=aror. |accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref>

The [[Sauvira Kingdom]] was an ancient kingdom of the lower [[Indus Valley]] mentioned in [[Vedic period|Late Vedic]] literature.<ref>Michael Witzel (1987), "On the localisation of Vedic texts and schools (Materials on Vedic Śākhās, 7)" in G. Pollet (ed.), ''India and the Ancient world. History, Trade and Culture before A.D. 650''</ref> Roruka (Aror), capital of the Sauvira Kingdom, is mentioned as an important trading center in early Buddhist literature. In the Chachnamah, members of the Brahman group were noted in the city of Aror.<ref>Derryl N. MacLean (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=xxAVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA63 ''Religion and Society in Arab Sind''], p.51,136</ref> Aror was the capital of the Arora dynasty,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Garg |first=Gaṅgā Rām |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0U2QRpDv2KMC |title=Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World |date=1992 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-373-3 |pages=624 |language=en |quote=When Muhammad-bin-Qāsim plundered the place Arora in 712 and defeated Rājā Dāhar, who belonged to the Arorā dynasty, the Arorā people left Sind and settled in the Punjāb cities, situated on the banks of the rivers Sind, Jhelum, Cenāb and Rāvī.}}</ref> which was followed by the [[Rai dynasty]] and then the [[Raja Dahir|Brahman dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=MacLean|first=Derryl N.|title=Religion and Society in Arab Sind|publisher=BRILL|year=1989|isbn=9004085513}}</ref>

In 711, Aror was captured by the army of Umayyad general [[Muhammad ibn al-Qasim]].<ref>History of the Punjab, Volume 1 by Fauja Singh, Published by the Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University, 1977</ref>

=== Mughal decline and Afghan revival ===
On 13 April 1752, Lahore and Multan in Punjab were ceded to [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] after the fall of Kaura Mal in the battlefield and retreat of [[Adina Beg]]. Afghanistan was the conduit for the trade between [[Central Asia]] and [[India]]. [[Grain trade]] in Afghanistan was in the hands of the Hindu Punjabi Arora/Khatris. Reportedly, they gave loans to the Durrani rulers to carry out military expeditions in India. Moreover, the disappointed princes of India "encouraged [[Zaman Shah Durrani]] to invade the subcontinent and overthrow the British" in 1798.<ref>{{cite book|author=Roy|first=Kaushik|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ps5JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT64|title=War and Society in Afghanistan From the Mughals to the Americans, 1500–2013|publisher=Oxford University Press India|year=2015|isbn=978-0-19-908944-4|page=64|chapter=Mughal Decline and Afghan Revival :1707-1810}}</ref>

To restrict the Afghans in Punjab, Hindu Diwan [[Kaura Mal|Kaura Mal Arora]] "died while fighting against the army of Ahmed Shah Durrani on March 6, 1752". He was the Governor of Multan and had also served as the Minister of Lahore twice. Earlier, he led the Lahore Darbar and "made a joint-attack on Multan in 1749", along the Sikhs led by Jassa Singh. Post his victory over Multan, "Diwan Kaura Mall was given the title of Maharaja Bahadur" by the Mughals.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Dilagīra|first=Harajindara Siṅgha|url=http://archive.org/details/sikhreferenceboo0000dila|title=The Sikh reference book|date=1997|publisher=Edmonton, Alb., Canada : Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark; Amritsar : Available from Singh Bros.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-9695964-2-4|pages=480}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahluwalia|first=M. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBHAAAAMAAJ|title=Life and Times of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|date=1989|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|pages=43|language=en}}</ref>

Prior to the British colonial rule, Aroras were one of the three main money-lending castes of Punjab. The Aroras were often subjected to humiliation by peasant communities of Punjab. They could not wear a [[turban]] and only granted permission to ride on a donkey.<ref name="Chaudhari08">{{cite book|title=Peasant History of Late Pre-colonial and Colonial India-Volume 8|author=B.B.Chaudhari|editor=D.P.Chattopadhayaya|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ljmIJySEm4UC&pg=PA137|pages=137–138|isbn=9788131716885}}</ref><ref name="bose94">{{cite book|title=Credit, Markets, and the Agrarian Economy of Colonial India|chapter=Introduction |author=[[Sugata Bose]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994 |pages=7 |isbn=978-0195633085}}</ref>

The Aroras were often good farmers, and also engaged in metalworking, goldsmithery, and weaving.<ref>{{Cite book|author=[[Malcolm Lyall Darling]]|title=The Punjab Peasant In Prosperity And Debt|date=1928|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=212|language=en|quote=Often a good farmer, even when he does not actually drive the plough, he looks after his land with care, and any improvement to be found in his neighbourhood is generally due to his capital, industry and thrift. He will turn his hand to anything that promises gain, and may be found weaving baskets and mats, beating out vessels of copper and of brass, working as a goldsmith, or even plying the tailor's needle and thread.}}</ref>

=== British colonial era ===
[[File:Portrait of an unidentified Arora Storekeeper from Lahore with coins in hand and in front of him, ca.1862–72.png|thumb|Portrait of an unidentified Arora Storekeeper from Lahore with coins in hand and in front of him, ca.1862–72]]
Pettigrew notes that in the 19th century, the Aroras were working as shopkeepers and small traders within the Sikh community in Punjab.<ref>{{cite book|title=Robber Noblemen: A Study of the Political System of the Sikh Jats|author=Joyce Pettigrew|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1975|page=41|quote=The Aroras, who formed 9 per cent of the Sikh population and who generally supplied most of Punjab's petty traders and small shopkeepers...}}</ref> During the [[British Raj]], in some parts of Punjab their population was so high that they had to seek employment outside their traditional occupations shopkeeping, accountancy and money-lending<ref name= "abbi97">{{cite book|title=Post-green revolution rural Punjab: A profile of economic and socio-cultural change, 1965-1995|page=36|editor1=B. L. Abbi|author= Kesar Singh | year=1997 |quote=Of the clean caste households in the village, Arora, a traditional shopkeeping and petty - business caste, is lacking in the Jat's prestige and power in this village}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Imperial Rule in Punjab: The Conquest and Administration of Multan 1818-1881|author=J. Royal Roseberry|year= 1987 |page=4|quote=The Aroras were so numerous that many had to find employ outside the traditional caste occupations of shopkeeper, moneylender and village accountant.}}</ref> For the Hindu merchant castes, Agarwal Banias, Khatris and Aroras, [[Timber trade]] was also one of the trades they followed before 1900. However, since 1900 the smallest merchant sect, the Suds, started this trade and later dominated it in eastern Punjab.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Forest History of India|author=Richard P. Tucker|quote=Others represented several Hindu merchant castes, who invested in timber as only one of several lines of trade. They included Agarwal Banias, Khatris, and Aroras. From about 1900 the smallest Hindu merchant sect, the Suds, began moving toward their later dominance in the timber trade of eastern Punjab.|publisher=SAGE|year=2011|page=79|isbn=9788132119524|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jaKoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79}}</ref>

The ''Amritsar Gazetteer'' says:{{blockquote| Aroras trace their origin from the Khatris. It is said that Khatris are Khatris of Lahore and Multan, whereas Aroras are Khatris of Aror, modern Rori and Sukkar (Sind) in Pakistan. There is a street in Amritsar named as ‘Arorianwali Gali’. The Aroras seem to have settled in Amritsar during the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh or even earlier. It is presumed that they migrated to Amritsar from Lahore to which place they might have originally migrated from Sind or Multan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gazetteers of India|first=Barkat Rai Chopra|title=Amritsar|publisher=Government of Punjab|year=1976|location=Chandigarh|pages=88}}</ref>}}

The ''Hoshiarpur Gazetteer'' says: {{blockquote|Before independence, the Aroras did not constitute a sizeable population in the district. With the migration of the non-Muslim population from Pakistan to India in 1947, they settled here, though in small numbers. The Aroras were generally settled in West Punjab (Pakistan) and in the Firozepur District. Their representation in the eastern districts of the Punjab was not notable. Whatever be their origin, the fact is that they resemble Khatris in certain traits. They are also divided into many groups and castes, Uchanda, Nichanda, etc., but in social life, these groups are of no importance. They intermarry in their groups like others. They also intermarry among Khatris. In the All-India meeting in 1936, held by the Khatris at Lahore (Pakistan), it was decided that the Aroras, Soods and Bhatias were Khatri for all intents and purposes. And, as such, they should be admitted to the Khatri stock. This interpretation did not find much favour then, but with the lapse of time, it has almost been accepted.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |title=Chapter Iii |access-date=21 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205011/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_hsp4.htm |archive-date=24 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

[[Uttaradhi Arora|Uttaradhi]] (north), Dakhanadhi (south) and Dahre (west) are three major sub-groups of the Arora people based on territorial differentiations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Surely Kumar|title=People of India: India's communities|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|year=1997|location=Kolkata|pages=126}}</ref> Before the independence of India, Arora used to marry in their own sub-group i.e. Uttradhi, Dakkhna or Dahra but after the independence, spheres of permissible arranged matrimonial alliances were widened to include other sub-groups of Arora.<ref name=DistGazAmritsar>{{cite web |url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |title=Religions And Castes |work=District Gazetteer - Amritsar |year=1976 |publisher=Department of Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Government of Punjab |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235916/http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_asr9.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

British ethnographer [[Denzil Ibbetson]] observed that Arora-Khatris were centered in [[Multan]] and [[Derajat]] (region consisting of [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]] and [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]) which are now part of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] regions of modern-day Pakistan. They conducted business throughout [[Afghanistan]] and [[Central Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oonk|first=Gijsbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkwsMTyShi8C&q=arora+sub+caste+of+khatris&pg=PA43|title=Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory|date=2007|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-035-8|pages=43|language=en}}</ref>

=== Post-independence ===

In the census of 1951, Aroras that were settled in Punjab returned their caste names as Khatris, Arora Khatris, Arorae, Rore, Aror, Rora Khatris, Arore, Aror Khatris etc. Some of the Aroras simply returned their caste names with Arora sub-caste names such as Arya, Ahuja, Batheja, Bathla, Kukreja, Chawla, Chhabra, Dang, Juneja, Taneja, Upneja, Wadhwa etc.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Government of India|first=Deputy Registrar General|date=23 August 1956|title=GLOSSARY OR CASTE NAMES RETURNED AT THE CENSUS OF 1951 IN THE DISTRICTS OF PEPSU|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504060550/http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7127/1/47712%20_1951_GLO.pdf|archive-date=4 May 2021|access-date=4 May 2021|website=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref>

According to the Commission Reports by [[Magistrate|Justice]] Gurnam Singh (1990) and [[Magistrate|Justice]] K.C. Gupta (2012), Arora is a [[forward caste]] socially, educationally and economically. It was reported that "despite of being uprooted from their homeland", Arora community has high [[Literacy|literacy rate]]. An economic survey conducted by [[Maharshi Dayanand University|Maharishi Dayanand University]] states that Arora/Khatri people have good representation both in government as well as private sector. They are both in business, services and other fields. They are "economically well-off and not dependent on money-lending or shopkeeping". They are engaged as "[[Physician|doctors]], [[engineer]]s, [[Public administration|administrators]] and are represented in [[White-collar worker|white-collar jobs]]". The Arora were divided in two main sub groups, namely [[Hindus|Hindu]] Arora and [[Sikhs|Sikh]] Arora depending upon the religion pursued.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Government of Haryana|first=Department of Welfare|title=Report of Backward Classes Commission|url=http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515063352/http://haryanascbc.gov.in/report-of-haryana-backward-classes-commission-2012|archive-date=15 May 2021|access-date=15 May 2021|website=Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department|pages=135–136}}</ref>

[[Punita Arora]] became the first lady [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] of the Indian Army in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Lady Lt Gen of Indian Army |url=https://archive.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=3623 |access-date=22 August 2022 |website=archive.pib.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rediff.com: The General in a Sari - A Slide Show |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/sep/16army1.htm |access-date=22 August 2022 |website=specials.rediff.com}}</ref>

As of 2009, many Aroras were prominent shopkeepers in several cities of Punjab including [[Amritsar]].<ref name="McLeod"/> McLeod adds that they played prominent role in the [[Singh Sabha Movement|Singh Sabha movement]]. Aroras such as [[Vir Singh (writer)|Vir Singh]] and Mehtab Singh{{efn|Mehtab Singh, a Sikh Arora, was an eminent political leader in the early 20th century.<ref name="McLeod"/>}} were influential within the Sikh community.<ref name="McLeod"/>

In the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], 11 legislatures in the majority government, come from Arora community.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Punjab Election |date=20 March 2022 |title=Arora community seeks representation in ministry |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)]] |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/arora-community-seeks-representation-in-ministry-379269 |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>

==Culture==

[[W. H. McLeod|McLeod]] notes that marriages between Aroras and the [[Khatri]]s are common.<ref name="McLeod"/>

According to the [[University of Utah]] sociologist, Bam Dev Sharda, in the "status allocation in village India", the Aroras are considered a mercantile caste belonging to the [[Vaishya]] varna - like the Khatris, [[Agarwal]], [[Bania (caste)|Bania]] and [[Ahluwalia (caste)|Ahluwalia]], and they claim "[[Dvija|twice-born]]" status.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Shape of Social Inequality: Stratification and Ethnicity in Comparative perspective |editor=David Bills|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lf3q3zePi2UC&pg=PA253|page=253|year=2005|author=Bam Dev Sharda|publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780080459356}}</ref> So does historian Kenneth Jones by citing [[Denzil Ibbetson]]'s study.<ref name="JonesJones1976">{{cite book|author1=Kenneth W. Jones|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C&pg=PA4|title=Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab|author2=Kenneth W.Jones|publisher=University of California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0-520-02920-0|pages=4–5}}</ref>

According to the [[University of Toronto]] anthropologist, Nicola Mooney, the Aroras are of [[Kshatriya]] varna, along with the Khatris.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mooney|first=Nicola|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Hu4X3AOhS8C|title=Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs|date=17 September 2011|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-6268-1|pages=152|language=en|quote=Aroras, however, are significantly higher than Jats in the caste hierarchy: along with Khatris, they are of the warrior varna, Kshatriya, the second of the four varna}}</ref> Similarly, [[Grant Evans (scholar)|Grant Evans]] describes Arora as a "sub-group of the Khatri jati of the Kshatriya Varna".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Evans|first=Grant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cySBAAAAMAAJ|title=Asia's Cultural Mosaic: An Anthropological Introduction|date=1993|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-052812-4|pages=299|language=en|quote=An example of a jati might be to be the member of a Lahore Arora, a regional sub - group within the Khatri jati of the Kshatriya varna.}}</ref>{{clarify|reason=The page 299 also mentions:"Some non - Khatri would assign the Arora to the lower, Vaisya category". Please can we get full context for the quote?|date=October 2021}}

According to one legend, the Aroras are of Kshatriya stock.<ref name="one"/><ref name="Vikas Publishing House"/>

In the opinion of a "Ford-Maxwell Professor of South Asian Studies" at [[Syracuse University]], the merchant-type castes such as the Rajasthani Baniyas, Agarwals, Guptas, Mittals, Goels are [[Dvija|twice born]] castes. However in Punjab, there is a large number of merchant type jatis, "Arora" being their generic name, both Hindu and Sikh, and they are not [[twice-born]]. Yet they share about the same status in the wide regional ranking". He calls this "deferred caste denial" which he explains as the rule that "hierarchy persists in the Hindu mind even where caste is denied in any of the senses and by any of the strategies adumbrated".<ref>{{cite book|title=Dimensions of Social Life: Essays in Honor of David G. Mandelbaum|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=1987|isbn=9783110846850|editor=Paul Hockings|page=518|chapter=The Denial of Caste in modern Urban Parlance|quote=..hindi speaking Aggrawals, Guptas Mittals, Goels, i.e. all of them are mostly twice born, most vegetarians. In Punjab, there is a large number of merchant type jatis, "Arora" being their generic name, both Hindu and Sikh, and they are not twice-born and in an all Hindu ranking would classify as clean shudras. Yet they share about the same status in the wide regional ranking.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERQp5YCXiWsC&pg=PA518}}</ref>

In the opinion of a Professor of Sociology at [[University of Lucknow|Lucknow University]] (India), "every Hindu is supposed to have a caste" and Aroras (including its sub-castes) are identified as a sub-division of the [[Khatri]]s. It is noted that "whether Khattris belong to Kshatriya varna or Vaishya varna is a point of controversy".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Madan|first=Gurmukh Ram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4rCn2C5eHUC|title=India And The West: A Cultural Contrast|date=2004|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-862-4|pages=5|language=en}}</ref> According to Ethne K. Marenco, the [[Jat Sikh]]s were placed at the top in the [[Sikh]] caste hierarchy, above the Khatri and Arora Sikhs. In contrast, per the [[Hindu]] traditions, "the Khatris and Aroras were accorded Kshatriya status", while "the status of the Jat Sikhs was equated with that of Shudras".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marenco|first=Ethne K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeseAAAAMAAJ|title=The Transformation of Sikh Society|date=1974|publisher=HaPi Press|pages=167–168, 296|language=en}}</ref>

Majority of the male members of the [[Arya Samaj]] in the late 19th century Punjab came from the Arora and [[Khatri]] merchant castes. He cites N.G.Barrier to show that the philosophy of the Arya Samaj founder, [[Dayananda Saraswati]], was responsible for the aspirations of these [[Vaishya]] castes from Punjab to higher status:<ref name="Jaffrelot2010">{{cite book | author = Christophe Jaffrelot | date = 2010 | title = Religion, Caste, and Politics in India | publisher = Primus Books | pages = 98– | isbn = 9789380607047 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&pg=PA98|quote=In 1891, more than half the 9,105 male members of the movement belonged to the Khatri and Arora merchant castes. This sociological composition reflected the same socio-cultural logic as in Gujarat where Dayananda had set up the Arya samaj with the support of traders seeking a better status more in keeping with their new prosperity (Jordens 1978) linked with the economic advance of British India; in the Punjab, his movement developed along the same lines among the merchant castes which felt that they could aspire all the more legitimately to the leadership of their community as the Brahmins and Kshatriyas, who had been hierarchically superior to them had been marginalized. Barrier hence explains the attraction that the Arya Samaj exercised over the merchant castes by the fact that: Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated Vaishyas who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status.}}</ref>{{blockquote| Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated [[Vaishyas]] who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status<ref name="Jaffrelot2010"/>}}

In a study of cultural geography and [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India|pilgrimage in India]], it was recorded that "Khatri-Aroras are surely among the most numerous Hindu caste groups" in the areas of [[Punjab]] and Delhi. Khatri-Arora along with [[Brahmans]] and Mercantile castes "dominated the total mass of pilgrims" at [[Badrinath temple|Badrinath]] Dham. Similarly, the total number of pilgrims at [[Haridwar]] and [[Jwala Ji Temple|Jwalaji]] were also predominated by the Khatri-Arora. At [[Chintpurni|Chintapurni]] pilgrim, the Arora was found to be numerically dominant pilgrim group particularly during the [[Shravana Kumara|Shravan]] [[Ashtami|Ashtmi]] fair.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhardwaj |first=Surinder M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6XJFokSJzEC&q=arora+ |title=Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India: A Study in Cultural Geography |date=8 July 1983 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04951-2 |pages=176–179 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Arora (surname)]]

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[https://arorakhatri.com/ Arora-Khatri Web site]

==References==
'''Citations'''
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |title=The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900 |first=Scott Cameron |last=Levi |publisher=BRILL |location=Leiden |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12320-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qVkNBge8mIC |access-date=23 October 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{refend}}

{{Ethnic groups, tribes and clans of the Punjab}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Sindhi tribes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Social groups of Delhi]]
[[Category:Arora clans| ]]
[[Category:People from Sukkur District]]

Ratti (unit)

2025-12-07T23:08:59Z

Davidwez: creating.

{{Short description|Mass unit}}
{{Infobox unit|symbol=|standard=[[Indian units of measurement|Indian]]|quantity=[[mass]]|units1=[[SI units]]|inunits1={{val|0.11339|ul=g}}|units2=|inunits2=|image=Abrus precatorius seeds.jpg|caption=Gunja seeds (''[[Abrus precatorius]]''), used for measuring weights in India.}}'''Ratti''' ([[Sanskrit]]: {{Transliteration|sa|raktika}}) is a traditional [[Indian weights and measures|Indian unit of measurement]] for mass. Based on the nominal weight of a [[Abrus precatorius|Gunja seed]] (''Abrus precatorius''), it measured approximately 1.8 or 1.75 [[grain (unit)|grain]]s{{sfn|Mukherjee, Money and Social Changes in India|2012|pp=412–413}}{{sfn|Cunningham, Coins of Ancient India|1891|pp=22–23}} or [[Gram|0.1215 g]] as standardized weight.<ref name="Allchin">{{Cite journal|last=Allchin|first=F. R.|date=1964|title=An Inscribed Weight from Mathurā|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|volume=7|issue=2|pages=201–205|doi=10.2307/3596241|jstor=3596241|issn=0022-4995}}</ref> It is still used by jewellers in the Indian Subcontinent.

== History ==
[[File:Harappan (Indus Valley) Balance & Weights.jpg|thumb|Indus weights were based on binary multiples of Masha, which was equal to 8 Ratti|alt=]]{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction =
| total_width = 400
| image1 = AR “Bent Bar” Satamanas. All coins Taxila. Circa 500-300 BC.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Gandharan Satamana of 100 Rattis (11–12 g)
| image2 = Mauryan Empire. Circa late 4th-2nd century BC.jpg
| caption2 = Mauryan Karshapana of 32 Rattis (3.5 g)
| header = Ratti weights of Ancient Indian coins
}}
Ratti-based measurement is the oldest measurement system in the [[Indian subcontinent]], highly favoured for its uniformity of weight. The smallest weight in the [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Indus Valley Civilization]], historically called the ''masha'', was equal to 8 rattis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=McIntosh|first=Jane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=ratti+indus+valley+civilization&pg=PA346|title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives|date=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-907-2|language=en}}</ref> The Indus weights were the multiples of masha and the 16th factor was the most common weight of 128 ratti or 13.7 g.

A unit called {{Transliteration|sa|Śatamāna}}, literally a "hundred standard" or "hundred measures", representing 100 ''krishnalas'' is mentioned in [[Satapatha Brahmana]]. A later commentary on ''Katyayana Srautasutra'' explains that a ''Śatamāna'' could also be 100 rattis. A Satamana was used as a standard weight of silver coins of [[Gandhara]] between 600–200 BCE. Ratti is also known for its attractive colour.{{sfn|Mukherjee, Money and Social Changes in India|2012|p=412}} Other Indian currency weights like [[Karshapana]]s were also based on the weight of ratti. Gold coins excavated from southeast Asia have been analysed as following the ratti based weight system as well.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Borell|first=Brigitte|title=Gold Coins from Khlong Thom|url=https://www.academia.edu/40029209|journal=Journal of the Siam Society |date=January 2017 |volume=105|language=en|pages=157}}</ref>

During the period of [[Chanakya|Kautilya]], the 32 ratti standard was called as Purana or Dharana which was in vogue before the [[Maurya Empire]], but Kautilya provides a new standard of 80 ratti called Svarna, which was widely adopted from that time onwards. The ball weights from jeweller's hoard discovered from [[Taxila]] conform to the 32 ratti standard also called Purana by Kautilya, while the Mathura weights (Dated from 1st century BC-2nd century AD) with Brahmi numeral 100 (100 svarna or 100 karsha) conforms with the new svarna standard.<ref name="Allchin" />
[[File:Great Mogul Diamond copy.jpg|thumb|189x189px|<nowiki>''The Great Mogul Diamond''</nowiki> described by Tavernier weighed 319.5 Ratti]]
The Mughal empire employed Ratti as a unit of measure for the weight of precious stones such as diamonds. Around 1665 the Shah's son, [[Aurangzeb]], showed a [[diamond]] to the famous jeweler and world traveler [[Jean Baptiste Tavernier]]. At that time Tavernier wrote in his Six Voyages:

{{Blockquote|text="The first piece that Akel Khan (Chief Keeper of the King's jewels) placed in my hands was the great diamond, which is rose cut, round and very high on one side. On the lower edge there is a slight crack, and a little flaw in it. Its water is fine, and weighs {{fraction|319|1|2}} Ratis, which makes 280 of our carats, the Rati being {{fraction|7|8}}th of a carat."|author=|title=|source=}}

== Unit conversion ==
The following info provides the unit conversion from ratti to other units in traditional Indian system of measurements.

=== Jeweller's conversion ===
*1 [[Tola (unit)|Tola]] = 12 [[masha (unit)|Masha]] or 11.664 g
*1 [[masha (unit)|Masha]] = 8 Ratti or 0.972 g

1 Tola = 12 Masha = 96 Ratti = 11.664 grams.

Hence
*1 Ratti (sunari) goldsmith = 121.5 mg
*1 Pakki Ratti (for astrological gemstones) = 1.5 x Sunari Ratti = 1.5 x 121.5 mg = 182.25 mg.

==See also==
* [[Rasa shastra]] ([[Ayurveda]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |author-link=Alexander Cunningham |title=Coins of Ancient India: From the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century A. D. |url=https://archive.org/details/coinsancientind00cunngoog/page/n11 |year=1891 |publisher=B. Quaritch |location=London |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Coins of Ancient India|1891}}}}
* {{citation |first=B. N. |last=Mukherjee |author-link=B. N. Mukherjee |chapter=Money and Social Changes in India (up to c. AD 1200) |editor=Saiyid Zaheer Husain Jafri |title=Recording the Progress of Indian History: Symposia Papers of the Indian History Congress, 1992-2010 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4SzQL1uds4C&pg=PA412 |year=2012 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-28-3 |pages=411– |ref={{sfnref|Mukherjee, Money and Social Changes in India|2012}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://bodhcalc.online/ratti-to-gram-calculator/ Ratti to Gram Calculator]

[[Category:Customary units of mass in India]]

VIT-AP University

2025-12-01T12:15:51Z

Davidwez: fix content and fixed typos

{{short description|Private university in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}{{Infobox university
| image = VIT-AP_University_seal.png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]] of VIT-AP University
| name = VIT-AP University
| native_name = విఐటి-ఏపి యూనివర్సిటీ
| native_name_lang = te
| motto = Apply Knowledge. Improve Life.
| established = {{Start date and age|2017}}
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]
| endowment =
| chancellor = [[G. Viswanathan|Dr. G. Viswanathan]]<ref name="Governing Body of VIT-AP">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/governance/|title=Governing Body of VIT-AP |access-date=2025-12-01}}</ref>
| vice_chancellor = Dr. P Arulmozhivarman <ref name="Governing Body of VIT-AP">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/governance/|title=Governing Body of VIT-AP |access-date=2025-12-01}}</ref>
| city = [[Amaravati]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|16|29|41|N|80|29|57|E|region:IN-AP_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map =
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = {{Convert|200|acre|ha}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/infrastructure/| title=Infrastructure |access-date=2023-06-10}}</ref>
| other_name = Vellore Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh
| publictransit =
| faculty = 690+ ({{small|2023}}) <ref name=faculty>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-JkKJqRfdI&t=112s| title=Know all about VIT-AP University, Amravati: An interview with Dr S. V. Kota Reddy, Vice Chancellor|access-date=2023-08-07}}</ref>
| students = 11,170 ({{small|2022}})<ref name=AE>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/admissions-enrolled-year-wise/|title=Admissions Enrolled – Year wise |access-date=2023-08-20}}</ref><ref name=PO>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/passed-out-students-year-wise/|title=Passed Out Students – Year wise |access-date=2023-08-20}}</ref>
| undergrad = 9,754 ({{small|2022}})<ref name=AE/><ref name=PO/>
| postgrad = 894 ({{small|2022}})<ref name=AE/><ref name=PO/>
| doctoral = 522 ({{small|2022}})<ref name=AE/><ref name=PO/>
| staff =
| former_names =
| founder = [[G. Viswanathan|Dr. G. Viswanathan]]
| colors = {{color box|#861414ff}} {{color box|#8A8B8C}} [[Falu red]] and [[Grey]]
| nickname = VITians
| affiliations = {{hlist |[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]<ref name="VIT AP UGC Report">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/VIT-AP-UGC-Report.pdf|title=Observations of the UGC Expert Committee on the information submitted by State Private Universities for ascertaining their norms and standards|access-date=2023-06-03}}</ref> | [[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]<ref name="VIT AP AIU">{{cite web | url=https://www.aiu.ac.in/member.php|title=Members | AIU|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>}}
| footnotes =
| website = https://vitap.ac.in/
| logo = VIT-AP_University_logo.png

}}
'''VIT-AP University''' ('''VIT-AP'''), also known as '''Vellore Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh''' or '''VIT University, Andhra Pradesh''', is a [[List of state private universities in India|state private university]] located in Inavolu, [[Amaravati]], the capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. The university was established in 2017 by the [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] through the ''Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Act, 2016''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vitap.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/VIT-AP-University-Act.pdf|format=PDF |publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|work=Andhra Pradesh Gazette|title=Andhra Pradesh Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 2018|date=30 April 2018|accessdate=24 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/vit-ap-to-be-first-varsity-in-andhra-pradesh-capital/articleshow/59102413.cms | title=VIT-AP to be first varsity in Andhra Pradesh capital | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 June 2017 | access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref>

The institution offers 19 [[Undergraduate education|Undergraduate]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vit.ac.in/all-courses/ug| title=UG PROGRAMMES|access-date=2023-05-29}}</ref> 4 [[Undergraduate education|Postgraduate]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vit.ac.in/all-courses/pg| title=PG PROGRAMMES|access-date=2023-05-29}}</ref> 4 Integrated,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vit.ac.in/all-courses/ug| title=INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES|access-date=2023-05-29}}</ref> 4 [[Double degree|dual]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/bscmsc/| title=Dual Degree Programme- B.Sc.-M.Sc. Data Science|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/m-a/| title=Dual degree of B.A. – M.A. in Public Services with exit option B.A.|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/school-of-law/| title=ABOUT VSL|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref> and 16 [[Research program|Research]] programs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vit.ac.in/sites/default/files/vitree/VITREE-2023-Information-Brochure.pdf| title=VIT Research Entrance Examination|access-date=2023-05-25}}</ref>

== History ==
The foundation stone was laid by chief minister [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]] on November 3, 2016, at Ainavolu as a part of a new education district in the planned capital. The state government of [[Andhra Pradesh]] had allocated {{Convert|200|acre|ha}} of land for the Vellore Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh campus in [[Amaravati]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/VIT-University-to-adopt-three-villages-in-capital-region/articleshow/55195944.cms| title=VIT University to adopt three villages in capital region|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2016/nov/02/vit-andhra-pradesh-cornerstone-ceremony-to-take-place-on-thursday-1534141.html| title=VIT-Andhra Pradesh cornerstone ceremony to take place on Thursday|access-date=2023-05-31}}</ref>

The Campus was inaugurated on Nov 28th, 2017 by former Vice President of India, [[Venkaiah Naidu]], along with the chief minister opening two newly constructed blocks.

==Campus==
VIT-AP University is located near [[Amaravati]], the capital of [[Andhra Pradesh]], about {{convert|18|km}} from [[Vijayawada Junction railway station]] and {{convert|35|km}} from [[Guntur]]. There is one main entrance to the {{convert|200|acre}} campus.

The institute has a [[gym]]nasium, as well as facilities and grounds for both [[Indoor games and sports|indoor]] and [[Outdoor recreation|outdoor]] sports. There are multi-cuisine food courts, medical centers, guest houses, mini multi-purpose halls, and more.
{{Multiple image
|align=center
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Central Block VIT-AP.jpg
|width1=240
|caption1=Mahatma Gandhi Academic Block of VIT-AP
|image2=View From CB VIT-AP.jpg
|width2=240
|caption2=View of the Mahatma Gandhi Academic Block of VIT-AP
}}

==Infrastructure==
===Academic Block===
* '''Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Academic Block:''' This is the Academic Block-1. It houses the School of [[Business studies|Business]] (VSB), School of [[Computer science and engineering|Computer Science and Engineering]] (SCOPE), School of [[Electronic engineering|Electronics Engineering]] (SENSE) and School of [[Mechanical engineering|Mechanical Engineering]] (SMEC). It also has major administrative offices like [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor's]] office, Admissions office, [[Finance]] office, and other offices. This block also has [[classrooms]] and [[Seminar]] Halls.<ref name= "Infrastructure">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/infrastructure/|title=Infrastructure|access-date=2023-06-03}}</ref>
[[File:AB1 VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Academic Block of VIT-AP]]
* '''APJ Abdul Kalam Academic Block:''' This is the Academic Block-2. It houses the School of [[Science|Advanced Sciences]] (SAS), School of [[Law]] (VSL), and School of [[Social science|Social Sciences]] and [[Humanities]] (VISH). This block also has [[classrooms]], [[Laboratories]], [[Seminar]] halls and the [[Auditorium]].<ref name= "Infrastructure"/>
[[File:AB2 VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|APJ Abdul Kalam Academic Block of VIT-AP]]
* '''Mahatma Gandhi Academic Block:''' This is Academic Block-3, also known as Central Block. This block also has [[classrooms]], Galleries, and [[Lecture halls]].<ref name= "Infrastructure"/>
* '''Student Activity Centre:''' This block is well equipped with [[Indoor games and sports|Indoor Sports]] and [[Air conditioning|AC]] Facilities.<ref name= "Infrastructure"/>
[[File:SAC VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|Student Activity Centre of VIT-AP]]

===Hostels===
* '''Ladies Hostel:''' There are 3 Ladies hostels. Both the hostels have common rooms equipped with televisions and various other facilities, a [[gym]]nasium, and mess facilities.<ref name= "Hostel">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/hostels/|title=Hostels|access-date=2023-06-03}}</ref>
[[File:LH2 VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|LH-2 of VIT-AP]]
* '''Men's Hostel:''' There are a total of 6 Men's hostels. Each of the hostels has common rooms equipped with televisions and various other facilities, a [[gym]]nasium, and mess facilities.<ref name= "Hostel"/>
Hostellers at VIT-AP University gets exclusive access to Night [[Cafeteria|Canteen]] Facility and Night [[Library]].<ref name= "Hostel"/>
[[File:MH3 & MH4 VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|MH-3 and MH-4 of VIT-AP]]

== Organisation and administration ==
===Governing body===
VIT-AP University shares [[G. Viswanathan|Dr. G. Viswanathan]] as their common [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] along with [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT University Vellore campus]], [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT University Chennai campus]] and [[VIT Bhopal University]]. He is also the Chairperson of the Governing Body of VIT-AP.<ref name="vitap.ac.in">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/governance/|title=Governing Body of VIT-AP |access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref>

Dr. Jagadish Chandra Mudiganti is the Member Secretary of the governing body of VIT-AP University and [[Registrar (education)|Registrar]] of VIT-AP University.<ref name="vitap.ac.in"/>

Along with them, the other members of Governing Body of VIT-AP University are:<ref name="vitap.ac.in"/>
*Dr. P Arulmozhivarman, [[Vice-Chancellor]] of VIT-AP University
*Dr. Yasodha Shanmugasundaram, Former [[Vice-Chancellor]] of [[Manonmaniam Sundaranar University]]
*Dr. Sandhya Pentareddy, [[Executive director]] of [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]
*Dr. N. Lalitha, [[Adviser|Advisor]] and [[Educational Consultant]] of [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT University Chennai campus]]

===Board of Management===
The Board of Management of VIT-AP University is headed by the [[Vice-Chancellor]] of VIT-AP University, Dr. P Arulmozhivarman as the chairperson.<ref name="Board of Management of VIT-AP">{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/governance/|title=Board of Management of VIT-AP |access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref>

Dr. Jagadish Chandra Mudiganti is the Member Secretary of the Board of Management of VIT-AP University and [[Registrar (education)|Registrar]] of VIT-AP University.<ref name="Board of Management of VIT-AP"/>

Along with them, the other members of the Board of Management of VIT-AP University are:<ref name="Board of Management of VIT-AP"/>
*Dr. Sekar Viswanathan, [[Vice president]] of [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]
*Mr. Sankar Viswanathan, [[Vice president]] of [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]
*Mr. G. V. Selvam, [[Vice president]] of [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]
*Dr. M. V. Krishnamurthy, Former [[Professor]] [[Emeritus]] at [[IISc Bangalore]]
*Dr. Priyanka Sengupta Faculty, VISH, VIT-AP University
*Dr. Anupama Namburu, [[Faculty (division)|Faculty]], SCOPE, VIT-AP University
*Dr. Deepasikha Mishra, [[Faculty (division)|Faculty]], SCOPE, VIT-AP University

===Schools===
At VIT-AP University, the entire teaching-learning process is concentrated around seven schools.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Schools and Departments
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Computer Science and Engineering]] (SCOPE)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/computer-science-engineering/| title=VIT-AP School of Computer Science & Engineering|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Computer Science and Engineering]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Electronic engineering|Electronics Engineering]] (SENSE)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/electronics-communication-engineering/| title=VIT-AP School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE)|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Electronics]] and [[Telecommunications engineering|Communications Engineering]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Mechanical engineering|Mechanical Engineering]] (SMEC)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/school-of-mechanical-engineering/| title=VIT-AP School of Mechanical Engineering|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Mechanical Engineering]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Science|Advanced Sciences]] (SAS)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/school-of-advanced-sciences/| title=School of Advanced Sciences ( SAS )|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Mathematics]]
** Department of [[Physics]]
** Department of [[Chemistry]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Business studies|Business]] (VSB)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/vit-ap-school-of-business/| title=VIT-AP SCHOOL OF BUSINESS (VSB)|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Business Studies]]
** Department of [[Business Administration]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Law]] (VSL)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/school-of-law/| title=ABOUT VSL|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Law]]
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|
{{Tree list}}
* VIT-AP School of [[Social science|Social Sciences]] and [[Humanities]] (VISH)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/social-sciences-and-humanities/| title=VIT-AP School of Social Sciences and Humanities ( VISH )|access-date=2023-06-02}}</ref>
** Department of [[Social science|Social Sciences]]
** Department of [[Language]]s
{{Tree list/end}}
|-
|}
[[File:Food Street VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|Food Street of VIT-AP]]

== Academics ==
The university offers [[bachelor's degrees]] in:<ref name="VIT-AP University overview">{{Cite web|title=VIT-AP University overview|url=https://vitap.ac.in/admission/overview/|access-date=2023-05-25|website=VIT-AP University}}</ref>
*[[Engineering]]
*[[Science]]
*[[Business studies]]
*[[Business administration]]
*[[Social sciences]]
*[[Humanities]]
*[[Law]]
[[File:Amphitheatre VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|Open Air Amphitheatre of VIT-AP]]

The university offers [[master's degrees]] in:<ref name="VIT-AP University overview"/>
*[[Engineering]]
*[[Science]]
*[[Social sciences]]
*[[Humanities]]
[[File:Garden VIT-AP.jpg|thumb|A Garden in VIT-AP]]

The university offers [[doctorate]] in:<ref name="VIT-AP University overview"/>
*[[Engineering]]
*[[Science]]
*[[Business studies]]
*[[Business administration]]
*[[Social sciences]]
*[[Humanities]]
*[[Languages]]
*[[Law]]

VIT implements the Fully Flexible Credit System (FFCS) which allows students to customise their timetables by choosing the subjects and the faculties for the next semester.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FULLY FLEXIBLE CREDIT SYSTEM|url=https://vit.ac.in/academics/ffcs|access-date=2023-05-26|website=Vellore Institute of Technology}}</ref>

VIT-AP University implements Design Your Own Degree (DYOD) which gives students the option to select a [[Academic specialization|specialization]] or [[Academic minor|minor]] if they want along with their [[Bachelor of Technology]] [[Academic major|major]] during the counselling process. Students are allowed to change their choice of [[Academic specialization|specialization]] or [[Academic minor|minor]] after the completion of their first year in the university. Students are also allowed to opt for a double [[Academic major|major]] instead of [[Academic specialization|specialization]] or [[Academic minor|minor]] starting the second year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Design Your Own Degree (DYOD®) at VIT-AP|url=https://vitap.ac.in/design-your-own-degree-dyod-at-vit-ap/|access-date=2023-06-16|website=VIT-AP University}}</ref>

VIT implements the Semester Abroad Program (SAP) and International Transfer Programs (ITP) which allows students to complete a semester abroad or to study for two years at VIT-AP University and two years abroad at a VIT partner university.<ref name = SAP>{{Cite web|title=SEMESTER ABROAD PROGRAM (SAP)|url=https://vit.ac.in/academics-more/Semester%20Abroad%20Program%20(SAP)|access-date=2023-08-07|website=Vellore Institute of Technology}}</ref><ref name = ITP>{{Cite web|title=INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER PROGRAMS (ITP)|url=https://vit.ac.in/internationalrelations/itp|access-date=2023-08-07|website=Vellore Institute of Technology}}</ref>

==Admission==
===Undergraduate admission===
VIT group of Institutions admits [[engineering]] students for bachelor's degrees through its own engineering entrance exam, called the VIT Engineering Entrance Examination (VITEEE). It is conducted every year in April and May. The exam has been conducted online since 2013.<ref name="VIT opts for computer-based entrance exam for B.Tech">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/vit-opts-for-computerbased-entrance-exam-for-btech/article4186857.ece|title=VIT opts for computer-based entrance exam for BTech|location=Chennai, India|newspaper=The Hindu|date=11 December 2012|last1=Murthi|first1=P. v v.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=VITEEE-2018 begins|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/viteee-2018-begins/article23437935.ece|access-date=7 April 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 April 2018|language=en-IN}}</ref> It was conducted every year except in 2020 due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=VITEEE Result 2020 Declared on Official Website at vit.ac.in|url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/viteee-result-2020-expected-to-be-released-shortly-at-vit-ac-in-direct-link-here-2760913.html|access-date=2023-06-04|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>

Since 2022, VIT-AP University has started admitting students from [[Andhra Pradesh]] through both VIT Engineering Entrance Examination (VITEEE) and [[Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test| Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test (AP EAMCET)]]<ref>{{cite news|title=VIT-AP University Cutoff 2023|url=https://www.shiksha.com/university/vit-ap-university-amaravati-52833/cutoff|access-date=2023-05-25|website=shiksha|language=en}}</ref>

VIT-AP University admits students for integrated [[Master of Engineering|Master of Technology]] in [[Computer Science and Engineering]] and [[Software Engineering]], [[Bachelor of Science]] - [[Master of Science]] in [[Data Science]], [[Master of Science]] in [[Data Science]], [[Bachelor of Arts]] - [[Master of Arts]] in [[Public service|Public Services]], [[Bachelor of Commerce|Bachelor of Commerce (Finance)]] on the basis of their performance in the 10+2 examination.<ref name=AppPro>{{cite web | url=https://vitap.ac.in/application-process-2/| title=Application Process|access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref>

Admissions for [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] and all its specializations are based on the candidate's performance in the Management Test (MT) and Personal Interview.<ref name=AppPro/>

In the case of Five years integrated [[Bachelor of Business Administration]] - [[Bachelor of Laws]] [[Honours degree|(Hons)]] and [[Bachelor of Arts]] - [[Bachelor of Laws]] [[Honours degree|(Hons)]] program, VIT-AP prefers [[Law School Admission Test|LSAT—India™]] or [[Common Law Admission Test|CLAT]] score as part of the selection process. Students are admitted based on their performance in VSLAT (Group Discussion / Personal Interview).<ref name=AppPro/>

===Postgraduate admission===
Admission of students to the VIT group of Institutions for [[Master of Engineering|Master of Technology]] and [[Master of Science in Information Technology|Master of Computer Applications]] is done through the VIT Master's Entrance Examination (VITMEE). It is conducted every year in May and June. The exam has been conducted online since 2013.<ref name=VITMEE>{{cite web | url=https://admissions.vit.ac.in/mtechmcaapplication/| title=About VITMEE|access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref>

Counselling of candidates for [[Master of Science]] in [[Data Science]], [[Chemistry]] and all its specializations and [[Physics]] and its specialization at VIT-AP University is done based on their aggregate marks secured in their undergraduate degree programs calculated up to pre-final semester. The admission of the eligible candidates is decided based on the marks in the qualifying examination, Statement of Purpose (SoP), and online personal interviews.<ref name=AppPro/>

===Doctorate admission===
Selection of [[Indian people|Indian]] nationals based on their performance in the VIT Research Entrance Examination (VITREE), [[Postgraduate diploma]] marks, Research proposal, and Personal Interviews.<ref name=AppPro/> Candidates who have already certified [[Research Fellowships in India#CSIR-UGC JRF NET Fellowship|CSIR NET or UGC NET]] will get a direct name for personal interview.<ref name=Application_Process>{{cite web | url=https://npios.com/listing/vit-ap-university/| title=VIT-AP University|access-date=2023-06-15}}</ref>

Candidates of foreign nationality who hold Degrees from Indian Universities seeking admission to research programs with the necessary clearance from the [[Ministry of Education (India)]] and possess valid Visas will be treated on par with [[Indian people|Indian]] nationals for purposes of admission to the institute.<ref name=AppPro/>

Foreign nationals with foreign degrees must meet the minimum educational requirements in Section 3 of Educational Qualification and Proficiency Standards. Candidates with valid [[Graduate Record Examinations|GRE]] and [[Test of English as a Foreign Language|TOFEL]] scores will be given preference.<ref name=AppPro/>

== Rankings ==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and institute

| OUTLOOK_E_P_U_2022 = 1}}
VIT-AP University was ranked first among emerging private universities in India by ''[[Outlook India]]'' in 2022.<ref name=Rankings_OUTLOOK_E_P_U_2022/>

==Culture and fests==
===VITopia===
VITopia is the annual international cultural and sports [[festival|fest]] of VIT-AP University, organized by the Student Council, the Social Media Committee and the VITopia Committee. The event encompasses a wide range of activities, including sports tournaments, literary competitions, gaming contests, stand-up comedy performances, music and dance contests, fashion shows, cultural processions, engaging talk shows, professional presentations, and an assortment of other entertaining events.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vitopia|url=https://vitopia.vitap.ac.in/|language=en}}</ref> The first edition of VITopia was held in the year 2018. VITopia did not take place in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 as a result of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].
{{Multiple image
|align=center
|direction=horizontal
|image1=Jonita Gandhi Vitopia.jpg
|width1=76
|caption1=Jonita Gandhi
|image2=Jonita Gandhi Vitopia 2.jpg
|width2=135
|caption2=Jonita Gandhi performing
|image3=Simran Choudhary Vitopia.jpg
|width3=180
|caption3=Simran Choudhary performing at the Vitopia
|image4=Salim Merchant Vitopia.jpg
|width4=180
|caption4=Salim Merchant performing at the Vitopia
|image5=Salim-Sulaiman Vitopia.jpg
|width5=180
|caption5=Salim-Sulaiman performing at the Vitopia
}}

===VTAPP===
VTAPP, the annual international technical [[Festival|fest]] of VIT-AP University, organized by the Student Council, the Social Media Committee and the VTAPP Committee. The [[Festival|fest]] features various competitions and activities like Circuit Maker Competition, Drone Racing, Poster Competition on Corporate Violations of Human Rights, Tech Debates, Tech Talks, and a lot more.<ref>{{cite web|title=VTAPP|url=https://vtapp.pages.dev/|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://vitap.ac.in/}}

{{Universities in Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Universities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Private universities in India]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2017]]

Our Lady of Angels Church, Karaikal

2025-11-29T08:31:32Z

Davidwez: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox church
|name = Our Lady of Angels Church
|fullname =
|image = Karaikal Church.jpg
|caption = Front view of the church
|pushpin map = India Tamil Nadu
|pushpin label position =
|pushpin map alt =
|pushpin mapsize =
|map caption =
|coordinates = {{coord|10|55|01|N|79|50|03|E|display=inline,title}}
|location = [[Karaikal]]
|country = [[India]]
|denomination = [[Catholic]]
|website =
|bull date =
|founded date = {{start date|df=yes|1828}}
|founder =
|dedication =
|dedicated date =
|consecrated date =
|cult =
|relics =
|events =
|status = [[Parish church]]
|functional status = Active
|architect =
|architectural type = [[Chapel]]
|style = [[Neo-Gothic architecture]]
|groundbreaking =
|completed date =
|demolished date =
|capacity =
|parish =
|archdiocese = Independent diocese
|archbishop =
|priestincharge =
|priest =
|asstpriest =
|chaplain =
|logo =
|logosize =
|logolink =
|logoalt =
}}
'''Our Lady of Angels Church''' (also called '''Karaikal Church''') is the oldest church in [[Karaikal]] in the [[Union territory of Puducherry|Union territory of Pondicherry]], in [[South India|Southern India]]. The current structure was built in [[Neo-Gothic architecture]] by the [[French Colonial Empire]] in 1822. The original structure is believed to have been built during 1739 and was destroyed by the [[British Raj|British]]. The church has the tallest structure for any building in Karaikal, raising to a height of {{convert|133|ft|m|abbr=on}}, built during 1891.

Our Lady of Angels Church is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services and follows [[Roman Catholic]] sect of [[Christianity]]. The Thetheravu Matha festival is a ten-day festival celebrated in the Church every year on 15 August when the festive image of Mary is taken in a chariot around the streets of the Church. The Church is one of the most prominent landmarks in Karaikal and faces the [[Bay of Bengal]].

==Architecture==
[[File:Karikal rue de l'Église.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Historical view of Karaikal with the tower of the Church seen in the centre]]
The Church is located in Church street in Karaikal, which is believed to be named after the Church.
The church is built in Neo-Gothic architecture with the main chapel, a {{convert|133|ft|m|abbr=on}} tower approached through a structure with doom shaped roof and a worship hall. The top of the tower is a cone with an octagonal base and the cone houses three clocks.<ref name=oct/> There are five huge bells, the sound of which can be heard as far as {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from its location. The Church has stained glass windows and marble altars, believed to have been added during 1739. The shrine faces the East facing the sea towards [[Bay of Bengal]]. The altar is originally believed to have a statue of Our Lady of Angels, but houses a Holy Cross in modern times.<ref name=govt/> The church also houses an orphanage where 40 boys are taken care.<ref>{{cite report|title=Statistics of Pondicherry|url=https://statistics.py.gov.in/sites/default/files/cs-tables-v-social-welfare.pdf|page=55|publisher=Government of Pondicherry|date=28 May 2017|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref> The temple is one of the major landmarks in the town and one of the major tourist destination.<ref>{{cite web|title=Karaikal tourist places|url=http://itestweb.in/pdy11n/places-interest|publisher=District Collectorate, Karaikal|date=28 May 2017|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

==History==
[[Karaikal]] was bought as a colony by the [[French Colonial Empire|French]] in 1750. It changed hands between [[British Raj|British]] and the French like [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]].<ref name=govt>{{cite web|title=Our lady of Angel's church|url=http://karaikal.gov.in/GovtOffices/TOURISM/church.htm|publisher=Government of Puducherry|year=2011|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> The French surrendered the town to the British in 1761 and once more subsequently. The Church was built by the French during 1739 and the original structure was believed to have been built during 1739, which was destroyed by the British. When Karaikal came to the hands of the French completely by 1816 after the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|Treaty of Paris]], the Church was rebuilt in 1828.<ref>{{cite book|title=Glimpses of Pondicherry|publisher=Busy Bee Books|year=2005|last1=P.|first1=Raja|last2=Keshari|first2=Rita Nath|isbn=9788187619093}}</ref><ref name=business>{{cite news|title=Beaches and blessings|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/beaches-and-blessings/article4051187.ece|publisher=Business Line|last=Srinivasa|first=Kavita|date=1 November 2012|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> While the original structure was built during 1822, the tower was erected during 1891.<ref name=oct>{{cite book|title=Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GdBbBAAAQBAJ&q=karaikal+church&pg=PT388|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|year=2013|isbn=9788174369031|last=Michell|first=George}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=This charming town by the Bay of Bengal is famous for its churches and dargahs|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/55809/puducherry-quick-guide-karaikal|publisher=Outlook India|date=28 May 2017|access-date=25 October 2020|last=Soni|first=Charu}}</ref>

==Culture==
Our Lady of Angels Church has the tallest structure in [[Karaikal]] and is one of the most prominent landmarks in the town.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Plan to augment Karaikal power plant capacity|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/plan-to-augment-karaikal-power-plant-capacity/article27645020.ece |location=Karaikal|date=26 July 2004|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> The Church is locally called Thetheravu Matha Kovil, meaning the "temple of the mother who consoles the desolate ".<ref name=govt/> The church is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services and follows [[Roman Catholic]] sect of [[Christianity]]. The priests in the church were originally French, but during modern times, Tamil people replaced them. During 15 August every year, the Thetheravu Matha festival is celebrated in the Church, with a flag hoisting on 6 August. During the festival, the festival image of Mary is taking round the streets of Karaikal in a chariot. The event is one of the most prominent festival in the region.<ref name=govt/> Christianity in large numbers during the earlier part of the 19th century. Many of them and their families visited [[France]] and were socially and economically uplifted on account of education offered to the community by the Church.<ref>{{cite book|title=Global Encyclopaedia of the South Indian Dalit's Ethnography, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcpa_T-7oVQC&q=karaikal+church+%2B+the+hindu&pg=PA823|page=819=822|publisher=Global Vision Pub House|last=Singh|first= Nagendra Kr.|isbn=9788182201682|year=2006}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://catholicchurches.in/directory/pondicherry-churches/our-lady-of-angels-church-karaikal.htm Our Lady of Angels]

[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Puducherry]]
[[Category:Karaikal]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1822]]
[[Category:1822 establishments in the French colonial empire]]
[[Category:Church buildings with domes]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in India]]

2022 India Open

2025-11-09T06:02:11Z

Davidwez: new new data

{{short description|2022 badminton tournament in New Delhi}}
{{Infobox badminton event
|name = {{nowrap|2022 India Open}}
|image = Indiaopen2022logo.svg
|caption =
|dates = 11–16 January
|number_edition =
|level = G2L4
|prize_money = 400000
|other =
|venue = [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]]
|location = [[New Delhi]], India
|MS = [[Lakshya Sen]]
|country_MS = IND
|WS = [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan]]
|country_WS = THA
|MD1 = [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]]
|country_MD1 = IND
|MD2 = [[Chirag Shetty]]
|country_MD2 = IND
|WD1 = [[Benyapa Aimsaard]]
|country_WD1 = THA
|WD2 = [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard]]
|country_WD2 = THA
|XD1 = [[Terry Hee]]
|country_XD1 = SGP
|XD2 = [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan Wei Han]]
|country_XD2 = SGP
|previous = [[2019 India Open|2019]]
|next = [[2023 India Open|2023]]
}}
{{TOC-right}}
The '''2022 India Open''', officially known as the '''Yonex-Sunrise India Open 2022''' for sponsorship reasons, was a badminton tournament that took place at the [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]] in [[New Delhi]], India, from 11 to 16 January 2022. It had a total prize pool of US$400,000.

==Tournament==
The 2022 India Open was the first tournament of the [[2022 BWF World Tour]] and was part of the [[India Open]] championships, which had been held since 1973. The tournament was organized by the [[Badminton Association of India]] with sanction from the [[Badminton World Federation]].<ref name="pros">{{cite web|title=Prospectus India Open 2022|url=https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/events/4426/docs/YONEX-SUNRISE%20India%20Open%202022%20-%20Prospectus.pdf|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-date=26 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126024117/https://extranet.bwfbadminton.com/docs/events/4426/docs/YONEX-SUNRISE%20India%20Open%202022%20-%20Prospectus.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Venue===
This international tournament was held at the [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]] in [[New Delhi]], India.<ref name="pros"/>

=== Point distribution ===
Below is the point distribution table for each phase of the tournament based on the [[BWF World Ranking|BWF points system]] for the [[BWF World Tour Super 500]] event.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Ranking System |url=https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |publisher=Badminton World Federation |access-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510005434/https://system.bwfbadminton.com/documents/folder_1_81/folder_1_82/New-Regulations-2018/5.3.3.1%20World%20Ranking%20System.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! width="75" | Winner
! width="75" | Runner-up
! width="75" | 3/4
! width="75" | 5/8
! width="75" | 9/16
! width="75" | 17/32
|-
| 9,200 || 7,800 || 6,420 || 5,040 || 3,600 || 2,220
|}

=== Prize money ===
The total prize money for this tournament was US$400,000. The distribution of the prize money was in accordance by BWF regulations.<ref name="pros"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
| width="104px" | '''Event'''
| width="68px" | '''Winner'''
| width="68px" | '''Finalist'''
| width="68px" | '''Semi-finals'''
| width="80px" | '''Quarter-finals'''
| width="68px" | '''Last 16'''
|-
| bgcolor="#dfe2e9" | '''Singles'''
| $30,000 || $15,200 || $5,800 || $2,400 || $1,400
|-
| bgcolor="#dfe2e9" | '''Doubles'''
| $31,600 || $15,200 || $5,600 || $2,900 || $1,500
|}

== Impact of COVID-19 ==
Due to COVID-19, the tournament was held behind closed doors at [[Indira Gandhi Arena|K. D. Jadhav Indoor Hall]] with the participating players tested for [[COVID-19]] daily.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2022|title=COVID-19: Two more players withdrawn from India Open {{!}} Badminton News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/covid-19-two-more-players-withdrawn-from-india-open/articleshow/88909989.cms|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-17|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115042635/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/covid-19-two-more-players-withdrawn-from-india-open/articleshow/88909989.cms |archive-date=2022-01-15 }}</ref>

However, there were many shuttlers withdrawing from the tournament before and during the tournament. On 7 January 2022, the entire England contingent withdrew before the competition started after [[Sean Vendy]] and [[Nathan Robertson]] was tested positive with [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India Open badminton: England shuttlers pull out of tournament after 2 positive cases in contingent|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/sports/cricket/india-open-badminton-england-shuttlers-pull-out-of-tournament-after-2-positive-cases-in-contingent/ar-AASAbY1|access-date=2022-01-17|website=www.msn.com}}</ref> On 12 January 2022, seven Indian shuttlers, including [[Srikanth Kidambi]] was withdrawn for the same reason.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=Two players withdrawn from India Open due to Covid-19; Brian Yang too pulls out|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/badminton/two-players-withdrawn-from-india-open-due-to-covid-19-brian-yang-too-pulls-out-101642239160037.html|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Rodion Alimov]] and [[Alina Davletova]] had to withdraw as well after Alimov was tested positive, giving [[Terry Hee]] and [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan Wei Han]] a walkover on their mixed doubles semi-finals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Badminton: S'porean husband & wife duo Terry Hee & Tan Wei Han crowned champions in India Open|url=https://mothership.sg/2022/01/terry-hee-tan-wei-han-badminton-champions/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=mothership.sg|language=en}}</ref>

== Men's singles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Srikanth Kidambi]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sai Praneeth]] ''(withdrew)''
#'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen]] (champion)'''
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Kantaphon Wangcharoen]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew]] ''(final)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sameer Verma]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Tommy Sugiarto]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade = #A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brian Yang (badminton)|Brian Yang]]
| RD1-score1-1=
| RD1-score1-2=
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=5
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew]]'''
| RD1-score2-1=w
| RD1-score2-2=/
| RD1-score2-3=o

| RD1-seed3=3
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=19
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Tze Yong]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=16
| RD1-score4-3=12

| RD2-seed1=5
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew]]
| RD2-score1-1=22
| RD2-score1-2=17
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=3
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''24'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Srikanth Kidambi|S Kidambi]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siril Verma|Si Verma]]
| RD1-score2-1=17
| RD1-score2-2=10
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhankar Dey|S Dey]]
| RD1-score3-1=19
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=14
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kim Bruun|K Bruun]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=18
| RD1-score4-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed5=6
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sameer Verma|Sa Verma]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourabh Verma|So Verma]]
| RD1-score6-1=7
| RD1-score6-2=7
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kiran George|K George]]
| RD1-score7-1=20
| RD1-score7-2=15
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brian Yang (badminton)|B Yang]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''22'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Srikanth Kidambi|S Kidambi]]
| RD2-score1-1=
| RD2-score1-2=
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kim Bruun|K Bruun]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=w
| RD2-score2-2=/
| RD2-score2-3=o

| RD2-seed3=6
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sameer Verma|Sa Verma]]
| RD2-score3-1=2r
| RD2-score3-2=
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brian Yang (badminton)|B Yang]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''4'''
| RD2-score4-2=
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kim Bruun|K Bruun]]
| RD3-score1-1=19
| RD3-score1-2=18
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Brian Yang (badminton)|B Yang]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=PFR
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kartikey Gulshan Kumar|K G Kumar]]
| RD1-score1-1=11
| RD1-score1-2=15
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kalle Koljonen|K Koljonen]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Cheam June Wei|Cheam J W]]
| RD1-score3-1=20
| RD1-score3-2=18
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergey Sirant|S Sirant]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''22'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=5
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=16
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Xiaodong Sheng|XD Sheng]]
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=4
| RD1-score6-3=13

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Soong Joo Ven|Soong J V]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Sen|C Sen]]
| RD1-score8-1=8
| RD1-score8-2=7
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kalle Koljonen|K Koljonen]]
| RD2-score1-1=18
| RD2-score1-2=15
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergey Sirant|S Sirant]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=5
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Soong Joo Ven|Soong J V]]
| RD2-score4-1=12
| RD2-score4-2=12
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Sergey Sirant|S Sirant]]
| RD3-score1-1=16
| RD3-score1-2=13
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=5
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Yew|Loh K Y]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=15
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arnaud Merklé|A Merklé]]
| RD1-score2-1=16
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=10

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pablo Abián|P Abián]]
| RD1-score3-1=14
| RD1-score3-2=7
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar|Prannoy K]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|CAN}} [[B. R. Sankeerth]]
| RD1-score5-1=
| RD1-score5-2=
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Felix Burestedt|F Burestedt]]'''
| RD1-score6-1=w
| RD1-score6-2=/
| RD1-score6-3=o

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|EGY}} [[Adham Hatem Elgamal|A H Elgamal]]
| RD1-score7-1=15
| RD1-score7-2=7
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=3
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen|L Sen]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mithun Manjunath|M Manjunath]]
| RD2-score1-1=
| RD2-score1-2=
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=8
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar|Prannoy K]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=w
| RD2-score2-2=/
| RD2-score2-3=o

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|SWE}} [[Felix Burestedt|F Burestedt]]
| RD2-score3-1=12
| RD2-score3-2=15
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=3
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen|L Sen]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=8
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Prannoy Kumar|Prannoy K]]
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2=9
| RD3-score1-3=14
| RD3-seed2=3
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshya Sen|L Sen]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=14
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=PFR
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Priyanshu Rajawat|P Rajawat]]
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=17
| RD1-score1-3=14
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Claerbout|L Claerbout]]'''
| RD1-score2-1=15
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Tze Yong|Ng T Y]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=14
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=7
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|INA}} [[Tommy Sugiarto|T Sugiarto]]
| RD1-score4-1=16
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=5

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Nhat Nguyen|N Nguyen]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=19
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Jayaram|A Jayaram]]
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=7
| RD1-score6-3=14

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Luís Enrique Peñalver|L E Peñalver]]
| RD1-score7-1=
| RD1-score7-2=
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFR
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Yadav Chittaboina|R Y Chittaboina]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=w
| RD1-score8-2=/
| RD1-score8-3=o

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Lucas Claerbout|L Claerbout]]
| RD2-score1-1='''22'''
| RD2-score1-2=15
| RD2-score1-3=18
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Tze Yong|Ng T Y]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=20
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Nhat Nguyen|N Nguyen]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=PFR
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rahul Yadav Chittaboina|R Y Chittaboina]]
| RD2-score4-1=17
| RD2-score4-2=13
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ng Tze Yong|Ng T Y]]'''
| RD3-score1-1=9
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3='''21'''
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IRL}} [[Nhat Nguyen|N Nguyen]]
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2=8
| RD3-score2-3=16
}}

== Women's singles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}

#{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]] ''(semi-finals)''
#'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan]] (champion)'''
#{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeniya Kosetskaya]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong]] ''(final)''
#{{flagicon|USA}} [[Iris Wang]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Fitriani]] ''(withdrew)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade = #A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]
| RD1-score1-1=14
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=10
| RD1-seed2=6
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=13
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap]]
| RD1-score3-1=24
| RD1-score3-2=9
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''26'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=6
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong]]
| RD2-score1-1=20
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=13
| RD2-seed2=2
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''22'''
| RD2-score2-2=19
| RD2-score2-3='''21'''
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sri Krishna Priya Kudaravalli|S K P Kudaravalli]]
| RD1-score2-1=5
| RD1-score2-2=16
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ira Sharma|I Sharma]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|EGY}} [[Doha Hany|D Hany]]
| RD1-score4-1=10
| RD1-score4-2=11
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=5
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeniya Kosetskaya|E Kosetskaya]]
| RD1-score5-1=22
| RD1-score5-2=16
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashmita Chaliha|A Chaliha]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''24'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Riya Mookerjee|R Mookerjee]]
| RD1-score7-1=14
| RD1-score7-2=13
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Yaëlle Hoyaux|Y Hoyaux]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ira Sharma|I Sharma]]
| RD2-score2-1=10
| RD2-score2-2=10
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashmita Chaliha|A Chaliha]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Yaëlle Hoyaux|Y Hoyaux]]
| RD2-score4-1=17
| RD2-score4-2=14
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashmita Chaliha|A Chaliha]]
| RD3-score2-1=7
| RD3-score2-2=18
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=3
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|USA}} [[Disha Gupta|D Gupta]]
| RD1-score2-1=7
| RD1-score2-2=10
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya|A Upadhyaya]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mugdha Agrey|M Agrey]]
| RD1-score4-1=11
| RD1-score4-2=15
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=6
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong|S Katethong]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rituparna Das|R Das]]
| RD1-score6-1=12
| RD1-score6-2=7
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mundada|S Mundada]]
| RD1-score7-1=20
| RD1-score7-2=15
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFR
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Polina Buhrova|P Buhrova]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''22'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]'''
| RD2-score1-1=13
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya|A Upadhyaya]]
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2=7
| RD2-score2-3=12

| RD2-seed3=6
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong|S Katethong]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=PFR
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Polina Buhrova|P Buhrova]]
| RD2-score4-1=7
| RD2-score4-2=10
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=3
| RD3-team1= {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Yeo Jia Min|Yeo J M]]
| RD3-score1-1=
| RD3-score1-2=
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=6
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Supanida Katethong|S Katethong]]'''
| RD3-score2-1=w
| RD3-score2-2=/
| RD3-score2-3=o
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anura Prabhudesai|A Prabhudesai]]
| RD1-score1-1=14
| RD1-score1-2=14
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=PFR
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Keyura Mopati|K Mopati]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=15
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=PFR
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Smit Toshniwal|S Toshniwal]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=19
| RD1-score4-3=8

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Malvika Bansod|M Bansod]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Samiya Imad Farooqui|S I Farooqui]]
| RD1-score6-1=18
| RD1-score6-2=9
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Tereza Švábíková|T Švábíková]]
| RD1-score7-1=20
| RD1-score7-2=0r
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=4
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal |S Nehwal]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''22'''
| RD1-score8-2=1
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=PFR
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Keyura Mopati|K Mopati]]
| RD2-score2-1=10
| RD2-score2-2=10
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Malvika Bansod|M Bansod]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=4
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Saina Nehwal |S Nehwal]]
| RD2-score4-1=17
| RD2-score4-2=9
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aakarshi Kashyap|A Kashyap]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Malvika Bansod|M Bansod]]
| RD3-score2-1=12
| RD3-score2-2=15
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=9
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Uttejitha Rao Chukka|S U R Chukka]]
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=12
| RD1-score2-3=19

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|USA}} L Lam'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=PFR
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Mariia Stoliarenko|M Stoliarenko]]
| RD1-score4-1=14
| RD1-score4-2=10
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|POL}} [[Jordan Hart|J Hart]]
| RD1-score5-1=9
| RD1-score5-2=13
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Maria Ulitina|M Ulitina]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|CAN}} [[Wen Yu Zhang|W Y Zhang]]
| RD1-score7-1=
| RD1-score7-2=
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan|B Ongbamrungphan]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=w
| RD1-score8-2=/
| RD1-score8-3=o

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth|T Hemanth]]
| RD2-score1-1=18
| RD2-score1-2=11
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|USA}} L Lam'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Maria Ulitina|M Ulitina]]
| RD2-score3-1=9
| RD2-score3-2=13
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan|B Ongbamrungphan]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|USA}} L Lam
| RD3-score1-1=12
| RD3-score1-2=8
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=2
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Busanan Ongbamrungphan|B Ongbamrungphan]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

== Men's doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan]] / [[Hendra Setiawan]] ''(final)''
#'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] / [[Chirag Shetty]] (champions)'''
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Yew Sin]] / [[Teo Ee Yi]] ''(semi-finals)''
#{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ben Lane]] / [[Sean Vendy]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy]] / [[Manu Attri]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.|Arjun MR]] / [[Dhruv Kapila]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga]] / [[Vishnuvardhan Goud Panjala]] ''(first round)''
#{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Delrue]] / [[William Villeger]] ''(semi-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade = #A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=3
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Yew Sin]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Teo Ee Yi]]
| RD1-score2-1=15
| RD1-score2-2=18
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=8
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Delrue]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger]]
| RD1-score3-1=10
| RD1-score3-2=18
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan]]
| RD2-score1-1=16
| RD2-score1-2=24
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=2
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''26'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan|M Ahsan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan|H Setiawan]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Prem Singh Chouhan|P S Chouhan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rajesh Verma (badminton)|R Verma]]
| RD1-score2-1=18
| RD1-score2-2=10
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaskar Chakraborty (badminton)|B Chakraborty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kapil Chaudhary|K Chaudhary]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shashwat Dalal|S Dalal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Satinder Malik|S Malik]]
| RD1-score4-1=17
| RD1-score4-2=18
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=5
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Manu Attri|M Attri]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy|B. S Reddy]]
| RD1-score5-1=
| RD1-score5-2=
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torjus Flåtten|T Flåtten]] {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Vegard Rikheim|V Rikheim]]'''
| RD1-score6-1=w
| RD1-score6-2=/
| RD1-score6-3=o

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|IND}} V K H Ranganatha {{flagicon|IND}} A Surya'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[Himanshu Mittal|H Mittal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubham Sharma (badminton)|S Sharma]]
| RD1-score8-1=13
| RD1-score8-2=16
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan|M Ahsan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan|H Setiawan]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhaskar Chakraborty (badminton)|B Chakraborty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kapil Chaudhary|K Chaudhary]]
| RD2-score2-1=17
| RD2-score2-2=9
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torjus Flåtten|T Flåtten]] {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Vegard Rikheim|V Rikheim]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=6
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} V K H Ranganatha {{flagicon|IND}} A Surya
| RD2-score4-1=17
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=18

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|INA}} [[Mohammad Ahsan|M Ahsan]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Hendra Setiawan|H Setiawan]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torjus Flåtten|T Flåtten]] {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Vegard Rikheim|V Rikheim]]
| RD3-score2-1=12
| RD3-score2-2=14
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=3
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Yew Sin|Ong Y S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Teo Ee Yi|Teo E Y]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[P. S. Ravikrishna]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Prasad Udayakumar|S P Udayakumar]]
| RD1-score2-1=19
| RD1-score2-2=14
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Jakhar|S Jakhar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lakshay Saroha|L Saroha]]
| RD1-score3-1=13
| RD1-score3-2=12
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Utkarsh Arora|U Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=6
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=18
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Nur Mohd Azriyn Ayub|N M Azriyn A]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Khim Wah|Lim K W]]
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2=17
| RD1-score6-3=15

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Abramov|K Abramov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov|R Alimov]]
| RD1-score7-1=19
| RD1-score7-2=19
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Sai Pratheek]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Yew Sin|Ong Y S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Teo Ee Yi|Teo E Y]]'''
| RD2-score1-1=w
| RD2-score1-2=/
| RD2-score1-3=o
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Utkarsh Arora|U Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]]
| RD2-score2-1=
| RD2-score2-2=
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=6
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]]
| RD2-score3-1=
| RD2-score3-2=
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Sai Pratheek]]'''
| RD2-score4-1=w
| RD2-score4-2=/
| RD2-score4-3=o

| RD3-seed1=3
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Ong Yew Sin|Ong Y S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Teo Ee Yi|Teo E Y]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Sai Pratheek]]
| RD3-score2-1=7
| RD3-score2-2=7
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddarth Elango|S Elango]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vikrant Chawat|V Chawat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pankaj Naithani|P Naithani]]
| RD1-score2-1=11
| RD1-score2-2=15
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=PFR
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aravind Kongara|A Kongara]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkatesh Prasad|V Prasad]]
| RD1-score3-1=7
| RD1-score3-2=7
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Delrue|F Delrue]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joshua Magee|J Magee]] {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Paul Reynolds (badminton)|P Reynolds]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFR
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Hruitvik Ambekar|H Ambekar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Apoorva Javadekar|A Javadekar]]
| RD1-score6-1=6
| RD1-score6-2=10
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohanraj Elumalai|M Elumalai]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Velavan Vasudevan|V Vasudevan]]
| RD1-score7-1=14
| RD1-score7-2=17
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFR
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaibhaav]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[H. V. Nithin]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddarth Elango|S Elango]]
| RD2-score1-1=18
| RD2-score1-2=15
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=8
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Delrue|F Delrue]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joshua Magee|J Magee]] {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Paul Reynolds (badminton)|P Reynolds]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2='''21'''
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=PFR
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vaibhaav]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[H. V. Nithin]]
| RD2-score4-1=14
| RD2-score4-2=13
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=8
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Fabien Delrue|F Delrue]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[William Villeger|W Villeger]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''23'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IRL}} [[Joshua Magee|J Magee]] {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Paul Reynolds (badminton)|P Reynolds]]
| RD3-score2-1=9
| RD3-score2-2=21
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Deswal|G Deswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubham Yadav|S Yadav]]'''
| RD1-score1-1=17
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=PFR
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkat Gaurav Prasad|V G Prasad]]
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=19
| RD1-score2-3=18

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Hean|Loh K H]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=7
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Krishna Prasad Garaga|K P Garaga]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishnuvardhan Goud Panjala|V G Panjala]]
| RD1-score4-1=16
| RD1-score4-2=16
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshay Kadam|A Kadam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Mohamed Rehan|R M Rehan]]
| RD1-score5-1=8
| RD1-score5-2=17
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFR
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shyam Prasad|S Prasad]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Sunjith Jr.]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ravi (badminton)|Ravi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Arora|C Arora]]
| RD1-score7-1=14
| RD1-score7-2=10
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy|S Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty|C Shetty]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Deswal|G Deswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shubham Yadav|S Yadav]]
| RD2-score1-1=12
| RD2-score1-2=11
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Hean|Loh K H]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=PFR
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shyam Prasad|S Prasad]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[S. Sunjith Jr.]]
| RD2-score3-1=9
| RD2-score3-2=18
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy|S Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty|C Shetty]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Loh Kean Hean|Loh K H]]
| RD3-score1-1=18
| RD3-score1-2=18
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=2
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Satwiksairaj Rankireddy|S Rankireddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Shetty|C Shetty]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

== Women's doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|THA}} [[Jongkolphan Kititharakul]] / [[Rawinda Prajongjai]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa]] / [[N. Sikki Reddy]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina]] / [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|Olga Morozova]] ''(final)''
#'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard]] / [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard]] (champions)'''
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo]] / [[Lim Chiew Sien]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Margot Lambert]] / [[Anne Tran]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]] / [[Treesa Jolly]] '' (second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam]] / [[K. Ashwini Bhat]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade = #A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1= 
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Haritha Manazhiyil Harinarayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} Ashna Roy
| RD1-score1-1=12
| RD1-score1-2=9
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=4
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=3
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|Olga Morozova]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=w
| RD1-score3-2=/
| RD1-score3-3=o
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ekaterina Malkova]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Shapovalova]]
| RD1-score4-1=
| RD1-score4-2=
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=3
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|Olga Morozova]]
| RD2-score2-1=13
| RD2-score2-2=5
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=PFR
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Navdha Manglam|N Manglam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Likhita Srivastava|L Srivastava]]
| RD1-score1-1=13
| RD1-score1-2=15
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavya Gupta|Ka Gupta]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khushi Gupta|Kh Gupta]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rudrani Jaiswal|R Jaiswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamaludeen Anees Kowsar|J A Kowsar]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=18
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Nikki Rapria]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Rapria]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=16
| RD1-score4-3=15

| RD1-seed5=7
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand|G Gopichand]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Treesa Jolly|T Jolly]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Anastasiya Prozorova|A Prozorova]] {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Valeriya Rudakova|V Rudakova]]
| RD1-score6-1=12
| RD1-score6-2=10
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Juhi Dewangan|J Dewangan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deepali Gupta|D Gupta]]
| RD1-score7-1=16
| RD1-score7-2=14
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Haritha Manazhiyil Harinarayanan|H M Harinarayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} A Roy'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kavya Gupta|Ka Gupta]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khushi Gupta|Kh Gupta]]
| RD2-score1-1=
| RD2-score1-2=
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rudrani Jaiswal|R Jaiswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamaludeen Anees Kowsar|J A Kowsar]]'''
| RD2-score2-1=w
| RD2-score2-2=/
| RD2-score2-3=o

| RD2-seed3=7
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand|G Gopichand]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tressa Jolly|T Jolly]]
| RD2-score3-1=
| RD2-score3-2=
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Haritha Manazhiyil Harinarayanan|H M Harinarayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} A Roy'''
| RD2-score4-1=w
| RD2-score4-2=/
| RD2-score4-3=o

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rudrani Jaiswal|R Jaiswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamaludeen Anees Kowsar|J A Kowsar]]
| RD3-score1-1=16
| RD3-score1-2=16
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Haritha Manazhiyil Harinarayanan|H M Harinarayanan]] {{flagicon|IND}} A Roy'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=4
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard|N Aimsaard]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutaparna Panda|R Panda]]
| RD1-score2-1=19
| RD1-score2-2=18
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanishka Deshpande|T Deshpande]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mundada|S Mundada]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=17
| RD1-score3-2='''21'''
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=PFR
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Palak Arora|P Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Unnati Hooda|U Hooda]]
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2=6
| RD1-score4-3=19

| RD1-seed5=PFR
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Deethya Jagadish G]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sujith P Krishnapriya|S P Krishnapriya]]
| RD1-score5-1=19
| RD1-score5-2=20
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Yashica Jakhar|Y Jakhar]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''22'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|UKR}} [[Mariia Stoliarenko|M Stoliarenko]] {{flagicon|UKR}} [[Yelyzaveta Zharka|Y Zharka]]
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2=20
| RD1-score7-3=19
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=14
| RD1-score8-2='''22'''
| RD1-score8-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed1=4
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard|N Aimsaard]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanishka Deshpande|T Deshpande]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shruti Mundada|S Mundada]]
| RD2-score2-1=7
| RD2-score2-2=9
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Deekha Choudhary|D Choudhary]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Yashika Jakhar|Y Jakhar]]'''
| RD2-score3-1=w
| RD2-score3-2=/
| RD2-score3-3=o
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ritika Thaker|R Thaker]]
| RD2-score4-1=
| RD2-score4-2=
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=4
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Benyapa Aimsaard|B Aimsaard]] {{flagicon|THA}} [[Nuntakarn Aimsaard|N Aimsaard]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Deekha Choudhary|D Choudhary]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Yashika Jakhar|Y Jakhar]]
| RD3-score2-1=8
| RD3-score2-2=3
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Srivedya Gurazada|S Gurazada]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal|I Jaiswal]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Megha Morchana Bora|M M Bora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Leela Lakshmi Rachapalli|L L Rachapalli]]
| RD1-score2-1=9
| RD1-score2-2=7
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|INA}} [[Fitriani]] {{flagicon|INA}} [[Yulia Yosephine Susanto|Y Y Susanto]]
| RD1-score3-1=
| RD1-score3-2=
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=5
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo|V Hoo]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=w
| RD1-score4-2=/
| RD1-score4-3=o

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anuriya Das|A Das]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanghamitra Saikia|S Saikia]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=w
| RD1-score5-2=/
| RD1-score5-3=o
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanyogita Ghorpade|S Ghorpade]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant|P Sawant]]
| RD1-score6-1=
| RD1-score6-2=
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=PFR
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Lovely (badminton)|Lovely]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Krati Saraswat|K Saraswat]]
| RD1-score7-1=2
| RD1-score7-2=1
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=3
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|O Morozova]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2='''21'''
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Srivedya Gurazada|S Gurazada]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ishika Jaiswal|I Jaiswal]]
| RD2-score1-1=15
| RD2-score1-2=15
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=5
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo|V Hoo]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anuriya Das|A Das]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanghamitra Saikia|S Saikia]]
| RD2-score3-1=2
| RD2-score3-2=12
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=3
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|O Morozova]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=5
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo|V Hoo]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lim Chiew Sien|Lim C S]]
| RD3-score1-1=19
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=16
| RD3-seed2=3
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Olga Morozova (badminton)|O Morozova]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2=11
| RD3-score2-3='''21'''
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramya Venkatesh Chickmenhalli|R V Chickmenhalli]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Apeksha Nayak|A Nayak]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[CH. Poornima|C H Poornima]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Vanshika Kapila|V Kapila]]
| RD1-score2-1=11
| RD1-score2-2=10
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Daksha Gautam|D Gautam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anubha Kaushik|A Kaushik]]
| RD1-score3-1=4
| RD1-score3-2=4
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=8
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ekaterina Malkova|E Malkova]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Shapovalova|A Shapovalova]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Shenan Christian|S Christian]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lavanya Sharma|L Sharma]]
| RD1-score6-1=7
| RD1-score6-2=8
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Janani Ananthakumar|J Ananthakumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Divya R.Balasubramanian|D R Balasbramanian]]
| RD1-score7-1=7
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=13
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2=19
| RD1-score8-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramya Venkatesh Chickmenhalli|R V Chickmenhalli]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Apeksha Nayak|A Nayak]]
| RD2-score1-1=10
| RD2-score1-2=13
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=8
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ekaterina Malkova|E Malkova]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Shapovalova|A Shapovalova]]'''
| RD2-score3-1=w
| RD2-score3-2=/
| RD2-score3-3=o
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]
| RD2-score4-1=
| RD2-score4-2=
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=8
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shikha Gautam|S Gautam]]
| RD3-score1-1=18
| RD3-score1-2=14
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ekaterina Malkova|E Malkova]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Shapovalova|A Shapovalova]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

== Mixed doubles ==
=== Seeds ===
{{colbegin}}
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng]] / [[Lai Pei Jing]] ''(semi-finals)''
#{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov]] / [[Alina Davletova]] ''(semi-finals)''
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie]] / [[Peck Yen Wei]] ''(final)''
#{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Callum Hemming]] / [[Jessica Pugh]] ''(withdrew)''
#{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Peng Soon]] / [[Valeree Siow]] ''(quarter-finals)''
#{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Adham Hatem Elgamal]] / [[Doha Hany]] ''(second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila]] / [[N. Sikki Reddy|Nelakurihi Sikki Reddy]]'' (second round)''
#{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkat Gaurav Prasad]] / [[Juhi Dewangan]] ''(quarter-finals)''
{{colend}}

=== Finals ===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD-shade = #A8D3FF
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Final
| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lai Pei Jing]]
| RD1-score1-1=19
| RD1-score1-2='''23'''
| RD1-score1-3=14
| RD1-seed2=3
| RD1-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''21'''
| RD1-score2-2=21
| RD1-score2-3='''21'''

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan Wei Han]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=w
| RD1-score3-2=/
| RD1-score3-3=o
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alina Davletova]]
| RD1-score4-1=
| RD1-score4-2=
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei]]
| RD2-score1-1=15
| RD2-score1-2=18
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan Wei Han]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

=== Top half ===
==== Section 1 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng|Tan K M]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lai Pei Jing|Lai P J]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Pratik Ranade|P Ranade]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Kanika Kanwal|K Kanwal]]
| RD1-score2-1=10
| RD1-score2-2=11
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Jakhar|S Jakhar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Megha Morchana Bora|M M Bora]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=w
| RD1-score3-2=/
| RD1-score3-3=o
| RD1-seed4=PFR
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Manjit Singh Khwairakpam|M S Khwairakpam]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Navdha Manglam|N Manglam]]
| RD1-score4-1=
| RD1-score4-2=
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=7
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Chirag Arora|C Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Nishu Rapria|N Rapria]]
| RD1-score6-1=11
| RD1-score6-2=11
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Saurabh Sharma|S Sarma]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajakta Sawant|P Sawant]]
| RD1-score7-1=
| RD1-score7-2=
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFR
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Abramov|K Abramov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=w
| RD1-score8-2=/
| RD1-score8-3=o

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng|Tan K M]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lai Pei Jing|Lai P J]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''21'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Siddharth Jakhar|S Jakhar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Megha Morchana Bora|M M Bora]]
| RD2-score2-1=6
| RD2-score2-2=11
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=7
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Dhruv Kapila|D Kapila]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[N. Sikki Reddy|N. S Reddy]]
| RD2-score3-1=
| RD2-score3-2=
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Abramov|K Abramov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]]'''
| RD2-score4-1=w
| RD2-score4-2=/
| RD2-score4-3=o

| RD3-seed1=1
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Tan Kian Meng|Tan K M]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Lai Pei Jing|Lai P J]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Konstantin Abramov|K Abramov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasiia Akchurina|A Akchurina]]
| RD3-score2-1=10
| RD3-score2-2=14
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 2 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=3
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie|Chen T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei|Peck Y W]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun M.R.]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Treesa Jolly|T Jolly]]
| RD1-score2-1=11
| RD1-score2-2=6
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Sai Pratheek]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayathri Gopichand|G Gopichand]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=16
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ishaan Bhatnagar|I Bhatnagar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanisha Crasto|T Crasto]]
| RD1-score4-1=16
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=17

| RD1-seed5=8
| RD1-team5='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkat Gaurav Prasad|V G Prasad]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Juhi Dewangan|J Dewangan]]'''
| RD1-score5-1='''21'''
| RD1-score5-2='''21'''
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFR
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|IND}} [[Aman Arora (badminton)|A Arora]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rageshri Garg|R Garg]]
| RD1-score6-1=9
| RD1-score6-2=8
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=PFR
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Agarwal|A Agarwal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Shailja Shukla|S Shukla]]
| RD1-score7-1=17
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=16
| RD1-seed8=
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Dandu|P Dandu]]'''
| RD1-score8-1='''21'''
| RD1-score8-2=17
| RD1-score8-3='''21'''

| RD2-seed1=3
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie|Chen T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei|Peck Y W]]'''
| RD2-score1-1=w
| RD2-score1-2=/
| RD2-score1-3=o
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[K.Sai Pratheek]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayathri Gopichand|G Gopichand]]
| RD2-score2-1=
| RD2-score2-2=
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=8
| RD2-team3='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkat Gaurav Prasad|V G Prasad]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Juhi Dewangan|J Dewangan]]'''
| RD2-score3-1='''21'''
| RD2-score3-2=21
| RD2-score3-3='''21'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanjai Srivatsa Dhanraj|S S Dhanraj]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pooja Dandu|P Dandu]]
| RD2-score4-1=16
| RD2-score4-2='''23'''
| RD2-score4-3=19

| RD3-seed1=3
| RD3-team1='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chen Tang Jie|Chen T J]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Peck Yen Wei|Peck Y W]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''21'''
| RD3-score1-2='''21'''
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=8
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkat Gaurav Prasad|V G Prasad]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Juhi Dewangan|J Dewangan]]
| RD3-score2-1=10
| RD3-score2-2=13
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

=== Bottom half ===
==== Section 3 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[H. V. Nithin]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2=15
| RD1-score1-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sankar Prasad Udayakumar|S P Udayakumar]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Khushi Gupta|K Gupta]]
| RD1-score2-1=17
| RD1-score2-2='''21'''
| RD1-score2-3=12

| RD1-seed3=PFR
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Vishal Thakran|V Thakran]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Hazel Sehrawat|H Sehrawat]]
| RD1-score3-1=6
| RD1-score3-2=14
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=6
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|EGY}} [[Adham Hatem Elgamal|A H Elgamal]] {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Doha Hany|D Hany]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Anubhav Saxena|A Saxena]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sanghamitra Saikia|S Saikia]]
| RD1-score5-1=11
| RD1-score5-2=12
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFR
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan W H]]'''
| RD1-score7-1='''21'''
| RD1-score7-2='''21'''
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=PFR
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|IND}} [[T. Hema Nagendra Babu|T H N Babu]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Srivedya Gurazada|S Gurazada]]
| RD1-score8-1=12
| RD1-score8-2=17
| RD1-score8-3=

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[H. V. Nithin]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''23'''
| RD2-score1-2='''21'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=6
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|EGY}} [[Adham Hatem Elgamal|A H Elgamal]] {{flagicon|EGY}} [[Doha Hany|D Hany]]
| RD2-score2-1=21
| RD2-score2-2=7
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=PFR
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Akshan Shetty|A Shetty]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Simran Singhi|S Singhi]]
| RD2-score3-1=
| RD2-score3-2=
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan W H]]'''
| RD2-score4-1=w
| RD2-score4-2=/
| RD2-score4-3=o

| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[H. V. Nithin]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[K. Ashwini Bhat|K A Bhat]]
| RD3-score1-1=15
| RD3-score1-2=19
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Terry Hee|T Hee]] {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Jessica Tan (badminton)|Tan W H]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==== Section 4 ====
{{8TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarter-finals
| team-width=160

| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kashish Sharma|K Sharma]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saruni Sharma|S Sharma]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''21'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kirtesh Dhindhwal|K Dhindhwal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Daksha Gautam|D Gautam]]
| RD1-score2-1=17
| RD1-score2-2=14
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Raju Mohamed Rehan|R M Rehan]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jamaludeen Anees Kowsar|J A Kowsar]]
| RD1-score3-1=4
| RD1-score3-2=9
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-seed4=5
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Peng Soon|Chan P S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Valeree Siow|V Siow]]'''
| RD1-score4-1='''21'''
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=

| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|IND}} [[Gaurav Deswal|G Deswal]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anubha Kaushik|A Kaushik]]
| RD1-score5-1=12
| RD1-score5-2=17
| RD1-score5-3=
| RD1-seed6=PFR
| RD1-team6='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]]'''
| RD1-score6-1='''21'''
| RD1-score6-2='''21'''
| RD1-score6-3=

| RD1-seed7=
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|IND}} [[B. Sumeeth Reddy|B S Reddy]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ashwini Ponnappa|A Ponnappa]]
| RD1-score7-1=
| RD1-score7-2=
| RD1-score7-3=
| RD1-seed8=2
| RD1-team8='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov|R Alimov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alina Davletova|A Davletova]]'''
| RD1-score8-1=w
| RD1-score8-2=/
| RD1-score8-3=o

| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Kashish Sharma|K Sharma]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Saruni Sharma|S Sharma]]
| RD2-score1-1=6
| RD2-score1-2=8
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=5
| RD2-team2='''{{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Peng Soon|Chan P S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Valeree Siow|V Siow]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=

| RD2-seed3=PFR
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ayush Makhija|A Makhija]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Deeksha Choudhary|D Choudhary]]
| RD2-score3-1=6
| RD2-score3-2=7
| RD2-score3-3=
| RD2-seed4=2
| RD2-team4='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov|R Alimov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alina Davletova|A Davletova]]'''
| RD2-score4-1='''21'''
| RD2-score4-2='''21'''
| RD2-score4-3=

| RD3-seed1=5
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|MAS}} [[Chan Peng Soon|Chan P S]] {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Valeree Siow|V Siow]]
| RD3-score1-1=14
| RD3-score1-2=13
| RD3-score1-3=
| RD3-seed2=2
| RD3-team2='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rodion Alimov|R Alimov]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Alina Davletova|A Davletova]]'''
| RD3-score2-1='''21'''
| RD3-score2-2='''21'''
| RD3-score2-3=
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/tournament/76570ACA-466C-4047-88E6-56853A31D7BA Tournament Link]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | before=[[2021 BWF World Tour Finals]] | title=[[2022 BWF World Tour|BWF World Tour]] [[2022 BWF season]] | years= | after=[[2022 Syed Modi International]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{2022 BWF World Tour}}
{{India Open (badminton)}}

[[Category:India Open (badminton)]]
[[Category:2022 BWF World Tour|India Open]]
[[Category:2022 in Indian sport|India Open]]
[[Category:January 2022 sports events in India|India Open]]

Pahaleja Halt railway station

2025-11-05T18:03:54Z

Davidwez: details

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Pahaleja Halt
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Pahaleja, Chakia, [[Rohtas district]], [[Bihar]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.9326|N|84.1448|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|112|m|ft}}
| line = [[Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section]]
| other =
| structure = Standard on ground
| platform = 2
| tracks = 3
| entrances =
| parking = No
| bicycle = No
| opened = 1906
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1961–63
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = PHE
| zone =
| division = {{rwd|Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Bihar
| map_dot_label = Pahaleja Halt railway station
| map_size = 300
| map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Central Railway zone|left=Dehri-on-Sone|right=Karwandia|type=Mughalsarai–Dhanbad section}}
}}
'''Pahaleja Halt railway station''' is a halt railway station situated on the [[Gaya–Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction section]] under [[East Central Railway zone]]. It is located at Pahaleja, Chakia in [[Rohtas district]] in the Indian state of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pahaleja Railway Station Map/Atlas ECR/East Central Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/pahaleja-phe/4383 |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>

==History==
The [[East Indian Railway Company]] started connecting Delhi and Howrah from the mid nineteenth century. In 1862, the railway tracks crossed Mughalsarai and reached the western bank of the [[Yamuna]]. The through link to Delhi was established in 1866.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ - IR History - Early Days |url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref>

==Electrification==
The Mughalsarai–Howrah sector was electrified in 1961–63.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[IRFCA] Electrification History from CORE |url=https://www.irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html |access-date=2025-11-05 |website=www.irfca.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Rohtas district]]
[[Category:Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya railway division]]

Zero Mile metro station

2025-10-16T05:11:28Z

Davidwez: formatting fix

{{Short description|Patna Metro's Blue Line metro station}}
{{for|the Nagpur Metro station|Zero Mile Freedom Park metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Patna Metro.svg|50px]] Zero Mile ज़ीरो माइल
| system = {{Patna Metro Infobox station line|line =Blue}}
| style = Patna Metro
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Pahadi Road, New Bypass, Transport Nagar, [[Patna]]-800026, [[Bihar]] {{Flag icon|IND}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|35|8.87|N|85|11|11.12|E|display=inline}}
| line =
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform =
| operator = Patna Metro Rail Corporation Ltd
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks = [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| connections =
| parking =
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened = {{start date and age|06 October 2025|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Single-phase {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible =
| status = operational
| code =
| owned =
| architect =
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjacent stations|system=Patna Metro|line=Blue|left=Bhootnath|right=New ISBT}}
| route_map = {{Blue Line (Patna Metro)}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color =
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Zero Mile''' is an elevated metro station on the Blue Line of [[Patna Metro]] in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], India. It serves as one of the three stations in the Priority Corridor, which became operational on 6 October 2025.<ref name=opening/>

==Overview==
The station was inaugurated by Chief Minister [[Nitish Kumar]] on 6 October 2025, as part of the launch of the first operational stretch of the Patna Metro. Public services commenced the following day, 7 October 2025. The Zero Mile lies on a 3.6 kilometre elevated corridor that connects {{stl|Patna Metro|Bhootnath}} and {{stl|Patna Metro|Patliputra Bus Terminal}} metro stations. This corridor is the first phase of the Blue Line, which will eventually span 14.5 Kms, linking Patna Junction to Patliputra Bus Terminal through a combination of elevated and underground sections.<ref name=opening>{{cite news |title=Nitish to inaugurate first phase of Patna metro on Oct 6, to open for public from Oct |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/nitish-to-inaugurate-first-phase-of-patna-metro-on-oct-6-to-open-for-public-from-oct-7/articleshow/124320938.cms |access-date=6 October 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=5 October 2025}}</ref>

This metro station serves the Transport Nagar and adjoining areas.

==Infrastructure and facilities==

The station features:
*⁠Three-coach trains with a capacity of 158 seated and up to 940 standing passengers
*⁠Bi-parting sliding doors and front emergency exits
*⁠CCTV surveillance and bilingual announcements in Hindi and English
*⁠Charging points for mobile devices and laptops
*⁠Reserved seating for women and disabled passengers

Trains operate between 8:00 AM and 10:00 PM, with a frequency of every 20 minutes, totaling approximately 40–42 trips per day. Fares starts from ₹15, depending on the travel distance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bihar Elections 2025: CM Nitish Kumar inaugurates Patna Metro first phase; check route, stations, fare - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/bihar-cm-nitish-kumar-inaugurates-first-phase-route-stations-timings-fare-19703609.htm |website=CNBCTV18 |access-date=6 October 2025 |language=en |date=6 October 2025}}</ref>

==Station layout==
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Zero Mile track layout
| title color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Patna Metro|Blue}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Patna Metro|Patliputra Bus Terminal}}
*'''P2'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P1'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Patna Metro|Bhootnath}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|[[Concourse]]
|valign=top|Station agent, ticket counters, information kiosks, public announcement systems, check-in/out facilities, food courts, retail shops, and accessibility features, etc 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → [[Patliputra Bus Terminal metro station|Patliputra Bus Terminal]] '''Next Station:''' [[Patliputra Bus Terminal metro station|Patliputra Bus Terminal]]
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[Patna Junction metro station|Patna Junction]] '''Next Station:''' [[Bhootnath metro station|Bhootnath]]
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=2 valign=top|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[List of metro systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Patna Metro}}
[[Category:Patna Metro stations]]
[[Category:Proposed railway stations in India]]
{{Patna-metro-stub}}