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Vallikunnu Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T17:21:20Z

Daljeetbhutal: new...

{{short description|Constituency of the Kerala legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| state = Kerala
| name = Vallikunnu
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 42
| map_image = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = കരിപ്പുര്‍ വിമാനത്താവളം.jpg
| photo2a = Calicut university vip guest house.jpg
| spacing = 1
| color_border = black
| color = white
| size = 200
}}
| map_caption = '''Top to bottom:''' [[Calicut International Airport]] at [[Pallikkal]], and The guesthouse of [[University of Calicut]] at [[Tenhipalam]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,98,814 (2021)<ref name="turnout_2021"/>
| mla = [[T. V. Ibrahim]]
| party = {{Party index link|Indian Union Muslim League}}
| alliance = {{legend2|#0087BD |'''[[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]]'''|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| district = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
}}
'''Vallikunnu State assembly constituency''' is one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. It is also one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Malappuram Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://malappuram.nic.in/constituencies
|title = State Assembly Constituencies in Malappuram district, Kerala
}}</ref> As of the [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021 Assembly elections]], the current MLA is [[T. V. Ibrahim]] of [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]].

==Local self-governed segments==
Vallikunnu Assembly constituency is composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/malappuram.html
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Malappuram District
|access-date = 22 August 2019
|archive-date = 20 August 2019
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190820130501/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/malappuram.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="30px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="100px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
|-
|1
|[[Vallikunnu]]
|Grama panchayat
|Tirurangadi
|-
|2
|[[Peruvallur]]
|Grama panchayat
|Tirurangadi
|-
|3
|[[Tenhipalam]]
|Grama panchayat
|Tirurangadi
|-
|4
|[[Thalappara|Moonniyur]]
|Grama panchayat
|Tirurangadi
|-
|5
|[[Idimuzhikkal|Chelembra]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Kondotty Taluk|Kondotty]]
|-
|6
|[[Pallikkal]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Kondotty Taluk|Kondotty]]
|}
<mapframe text="Vallikunnu Assembly constituency" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q13112075,Q13113135,Q17420608,Q7699845,Q7912419,Q6907913"}</mapframe>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
The following list contains all members of [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] who have represented Vallikunnu Assembly constituency during the period of various assemblies:<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/kerala/vallikunnu-assembly-constituency-map.html
|title = Members of Kerala Legislative Assembly: Vallikunnu
}}</ref>

'''Key'''

{{Party index link|Indian Union Muslim League}}

{| class="sortable" width="50%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #000000 solid; font-size: x-big"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Election
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Niyama Sabha
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Member
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2"|Party
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Tenure
|-
| [[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| 13th
| [[K. N. A. Khader]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
| rowspan="3" width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}"|
| 2011 – 2016
|-
| [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| 14th
| rowspan="2" |[[P. Abdul Hameed]]
| 2016 - 2021
|-
| [[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| 15th
| 2021-2026
|-
|[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|16th
|
|
|
|
|}
{{notelist}}

==Election results==
Percentage change (±) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

===2026===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: Vallikunnu}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
|candidate = C. P. Musthafa

|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian Union Muslim League
|candidate = [[T. V. Ibrahim]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = BJP
|candidate = M. Preman Master
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Abdul Azeez Kadalundi
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
There were 1,98,814 registered voters in the constituency for the 2021 Kerala Assembly election.<ref name="turnout_2021">{{cite web
|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Voter turnout 2021, CEO Kerala
|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/GE-2021/VoterTurnout2021.pdf
|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title=[[2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Vallikkunnu]]<ref name="result_2021">{{Cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS1142.htm?ac=42|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO KERALA NIYAMA SABHA TRENDS & RESULT MAY-2021 (42-VALLIKUNNU)|access-date=|website=results.eci.gov.in|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian Union Muslim League
|candidate = [[P. Abdul Hameed]]
|votes = 71,823
|percentage = 47.43
|change ={{gain}}3.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National League
|candidate = A. P. Abdul Wahab
|votes = 57,707
|percentage = 38.11
|change ={{gain}}3.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Peethambaran Palat
|votes = 19,853
|percentage = 13.11
|change ={{loss}}3.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,150
|percentage = 0.76
|change ={{gain}}0.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sasi Kizhakkan
|votes = 881
|percentage = 0.58
|change ={{gain}}0.07
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 14,116
|percentage = 9.32
|change ={{gain}}0.15
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,51,414<ref name="result_2021"/><ref name="turnout_2021"/>
|percentage = 76.16<ref name="turnout_2021"/>
|change ={{gain}}1.30
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian Union Muslim League
|loser = Indian National League
|swing = {{gain}}3.99
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
There were 1,83,645 registered voters in Vallikunnu Assembly constituency for the 2016 Kerala Assembly election.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3767-kerala-general-legislative-election-2016
|title = Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2016, Election commission of India
}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Vallikunnu]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=[[P. Abdul Hameed]]|votes=59,720|percentage=43.44|change={{decrease}}7.09}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National League|candidate=Adv. O. K. Thangal|votes=47,110|percentage=34.27|change={{decrease}}0.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=K. Janachandran Master|votes=22,887|percentage=16.65|change={{increase}}6.85}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Nissar Methar|votes=2,975|percentage=2.16|change={{decrease}}0.19}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Haneefa Haji|votes=2,499|percentage=1.82|change={{decrease}}0.45}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=752|percentage=0.55|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Praveen Kumar|votes=705|percentage=0.51|change={{decrease}}0.01}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 12,610
|percentage = 9.17
|change ={{decrease}}6.83
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,37,484|percentage=74.86|change={{increase}}2.47}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian Union Muslim League
|loser = Indian National League
|swing ={{decrease}}7.09
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===
There were 1,56,307 registered voters in the constituency for the 2011 election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Niyamasabha Election Results 2011, Election commission of India|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3763-kerala-2011|access-date=11 March 2020|website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Vallikunnu]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian Union Muslim League|candidate=K. N. A. Khader|votes=57,250|percentage=50.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent politician|candidate=K .V. Sankaranarayanan|votes=39,128|percentage=34.53|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Preman|votes=11,099|percentage=9.80|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Peoples Democratic Party (India)|candidate=Salam Mooonniyur|votes=2,666|percentage=2.35|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Abdul Latheef|votes=2,571|percentage=2.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Neelakantan Chelari|votes=590|percentage=0.52|change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 18,122
|percentage = 16.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,13,304|percentage=72.49|change=}}

{{Election box new seat win|winner=Indian Union Muslim League}}{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Vallikunnu]]
* [[Malappuram district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Kerala]]

[[Category:State assembly constituencies in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

2026 elections in India

2026-05-01T06:46:29Z

Daljeetbhutal: Starting New Page

{{Short description|Indian elections in 2026}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian elections
| year = 2026
| type =
| rajya_control =
| rajya_seats_contested = 72
| rajya_net_change = TBD
| rajya_map =
| rajya_map_caption =
| states_contested = 5
| state_net_change = TBD
}}

The '''2026 elections in India''' are expected to include the elections of the [[2026 Rajya Sabha elections|Rajya Sabha]], 4 states and 1 union territory [[State legislative assemblies of India|legislative assemblies]], several [[By-election|by-elections]] and several [[Local elections in India|local body elections.]]

== Lok Sabha by-elections ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! #
! Date
! Constituency
! State/UT
! colspan="3" | Previous MP
! Reason
! colspan=3 | Elected MP
|-
! 1
|Rowspan=3|TBA
| [[Basirhat Lok Sabha constituency|Basirhat]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[Haji Nurul Islam]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Trinamool Congress}}
| Died on 25 September 2024<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-25 |title=TMC Basirhat MP Sk Nurul Islam dies at 61 |url=https://youtube.com/india/tmc-basirhat-mp-sk-nurul-islam-dies-at-61/articleshow/113665623.cms |access-date=2023-09-25 |work= |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | ''TBD''
|-
! 2
| [[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]
| [[Meghalaya]]
| [[Ricky A. J. Syngkon]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}
| Died on 19 February 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-19 |title=Shillong MP Ricky Andrew J. Syngkon passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meghalaya/shillong-mp-ricky-andrew-j-syngkon-passes-away/article70653220.ece |access-date=2026-02-19 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | ''TBD''
|-
! 3
| [[Nagaon Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaon]]
| [[Assam]]
| [[Pradyut Bordoloi]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress}}
| Resigned on 18 March 2026<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/pradyut-quits-cong-gets-offer-from-himanta-to-join-bjp/articleshow/129639799.cms|title=Assam assembly elections: MP Pradyut Bordoloi quits Congress after 30 years, gets offer from Himanta Biswa Sarma to join BJP|work=Times of India|access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/pradyut-bordoloi-resigns-from-congress-meets-amit-shah-likely-to-contest-assembly-polls20260318182755|title=Pradyut Bordoloi resigns as Nagaon MP, meets Amit Shah; likely to contest assembly polls|work=ANI|access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | ''TBD''
|}

== Rajya Sabha elections ==
{{main|2026 Rajya Sabha elections}}

Elections for 37 seats in the Rajya Sabha were held on 16 March 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-18 |title=Elections To 37 Rajya Sabha Seats Falling Vacant Across 10 States On March 16: EC |url= https://www.etvbharat.com/en/bharat/elections-to-rajya-sabha-seats-falling-vacant-across-states-to-be-held-on-march-16-election-commission-enn26021801378 |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref>
Elections will also be held in May and November.

== State Assembly elections ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |Date(s)<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-15 |title=Assembly Election Dates 2026 Schedule: Voting date, result and full details for West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Assam, Keralam & Puducherry |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/assembly-election-2026-date-schedule-voting-phase-result-counting-polls-4-states-1-ut-full-details-election-commission/articleshow/129586874.cms |access-date=2026-03-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" | State/UT
! colspan="3" | Before election
! colspan="2" | After election
! rowspan="2" | Maps
|-
! colspan="2" | Parties
! CM
! Parties
! CM
|-
| rowspan="4" | 9 April 2026<ref>Results published on 4 May 2026</ref>
| rowspan="1" | [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|Assam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| rowspan="1" | [[Himanta Biswa Sharma|Himanta Biswa Sarma]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" | ''TBD''
| rowspan = 1 |[[File:IN-AS.svg|50px]]
|-
| [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|Kerala]]
| {{Full party name with color|Left Democratic Front (Kerala)}}
| [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]
| colspan="2" | ''TBD''
| [[File:IN-KL.svg|50px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| rowspan="2" | [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election|Puducherry]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India N.R. Congress}}
| rowspan="2" | [[N. Rangaswamy]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''TBD''
| rowspan="2" | [[File:IN-PY.svg|50px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|23 April 2026<ref>Results published on 4 May 2026</ref>
| [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| [[M. K. Stalin]]
| colspan="2" | ''TBD''
| [[File:IN-TN.svg|50px]]
|-
|23 & 29 April 2026<ref>Results published on 4 May 2026</ref>
| [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
| [[Mamata Banerjee]]
| colspan="2" | ''TBD''
| [[File:IN-WB.svg|50px]]
|}

== State Assembly by-elections ==
=== [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! Elected MLA
|-
| TBD
!182
|[[Bankipur Assembly constituency|Bankipur]]
|[[Nitin Nabin]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Elected to Rajya Sabha
| TBD
|}

=== [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Gujarat]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! Elected MLA
|-
| 23 April 2026<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-03-15 |title=Voting for assembly bypolls across 6 states on April 9 and April 23, results on May 4: ECI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ec-announces-by-election-schedule-for-six-states-voting-on-april-9-and-april-23-101773572830752.html |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
! 111
| [[Umreth Assembly constituency|Umreth]]
| [[Govindbhai Parmar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Died on 6 March 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-06 |title=Umreth BJP MLA Govindbhai Parmar passes away |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2026/03/06/umreth-bjp-mla-govindbhai-parmar-passes-away/ |access-date=2026-03-06 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref>
| TBD
|}

=== [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Karnataka]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! colspan="3" | Elected MLA
|-
| rowspan="2" | 9 April 2026<ref name=":2" />
! 21
| [[Bagalkot Assembly constituency|Bagalkot]]
| [[H. Y. Meti]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| Died on 4 November 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-04 |title=Karnataka Congress MLA HY Meti passes away at 79 in Bengaluru |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/karnataka-congress-mla-hy-meti-passes-away-at-79-in-bengaluru-101762250636192.html |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" | TBD
|-
!107
| [[Davanagere South Assembly constituency|Davanagere South]]
|[[Shamanuru Shivashankarappa]]
| Died on 14 December 2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-14 |title=Veteran Congress leader Shamanur Shivashankarappa passes away at 94 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/veteran-congress-leader-shamanur-shivashankarappa-passes-away-at-94/article70396221.ece |access-date=2025-12-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|}

=== [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! colspan="3" | Elected MLA
|-
| rowspan="2" | 23 April 2026<ref name=":2" />
! 223
| [[Rahuri Assembly constituency|Rahuri]]
| [[Shivaji Bhanudas Kardile|Shivaji Kardile]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Died on 17 October 2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-10-17 |title=Maharashtra: Rahuri MLA Shivaji Kardile passes away |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-rahuri-mla-shivaji-kardile-passes-away/articleshow/124634089.cms |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" | TBD
|-

! 201
| [[Baramati Assembly constituency|Baramati]]
| [[Ajit Pawar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
| Died on 28 January 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-28 |title=Ajit Pawar, 4 others die in plane crash during emergency landing in Maharashtra's Baramati |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/ajit-pawars-plane-crashes-during-emergency-landing-in-baramati/articleshow/127674241.cms |access-date=2026-01-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}

=== [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Nagaland]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! colspan="3" | Elected MLA
|-
| 9 April 2026<ref name=":2" />
! 28
| [[Koridang Assembly constituency|Koridang]]
| [[Imkong L. Imchen]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Died on 11 November 2025<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-11-11|title=Five-time Nagaland MLA Imkong L Imchen passes away|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/fivetime-nagaland-mla-imkong-l-imchen-dies-he-was-75-101762875037395.html|access-date=2025-11-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | TBD
|}

=== [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|Tripura]] ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan="2" | Constituency
! colspan="3" | Previous MLA
! Reason
! colspan="3" | Elected MLA
|-
| 9 April 2026<ref name=":2" />
!56
|[[Dharmanagar Assembly constituency|Dharmanagar]]
|[[Biswa Bandhu Sen]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|Died on 26 December 2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-26 |title=Tripura Assembly Speaker Biswa Bandhu Sen passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tripura/tripura-assembly-speaker-biswa-bandhu-sen-dies-at-72/article70439331.ece |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
| colspan="3" | TBD
|}

== Local Body elections ==


=== Andhra Pradesh ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! colspan=2 | Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! Government after
|-
| rowspan="17" | TBA
|[[Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=8}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-05-12 |title=TDP scores hat-trick in Rajahmundry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tdp-scores-hattrick-in-rajahmundry/article6002145.ece |access-date=2025-12-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-01 |title=TDP bags 32 of 48 seats in Kakinada civic body polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/tdp-bags-32-of-48-seats-in-kakinada-civic-body-polls/articleshow/60329722.cms |access-date=2025-12-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-28 |title=TDP-led alliance bags Vizag, Guntur mayor posts! |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/politics/andhra-news/tdp-led-alliance-bags-vizag-guntur-mayor-posts-145801 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=greatandhra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-28 |title=YSRC suffers jolt in erstwhile West Godavari as Eluru Mayor joins TDP |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2024/Aug/28/ysrc-suffers-jolt-in-erstwhile-west-godavari-as-eluru-mayor-joins-tdp |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-05 |title=Setback for YSRCP as Chittoor mayor, deputy mayor, 23 corporators join TDP |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/setback-for-ysrcp-as-chittoor-mayor-deputy-mayor-23-corporators-join-tdp/article68370801.ece |access-date=2026-01-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-15 |title=Mayor, Dy. Mayor, 8 corporators quit YSRCP, join TDP |url=https://pynr.in/mayor-dy-mayor-8-corporators-quit-ysrcp-join-tdp/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |work=PYNR |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/nellore-mayor-sravanthis-resignation-accepted-1032210</ref>
| colspan=2 rowspan="17" | TBD
|-
| [[Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Kakinada Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Guntur Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Chittoor Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Eluru Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Nellore Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Ongole Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|-
| [[Anantapur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=7}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-14 |title=YSRC wins all municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/ysrc-wins-all-municipal-corporations-in-andhra-pradesh/articleshow/81496372.cms |access-date=2025-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| [[Kadapa Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Kurnool Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Tirupati Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Vijayawada Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Vizianagaram Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation]]
| style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ''Did not exist''
|-
| [[Srikakulam Municipal Corporation]]
|}

=== Assam ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-29 |title=Assam: BJP, Allies Win Mising, Rabha Hasong, Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council Elections |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/assam-bjp-allies-win-mising-rabha-hasong-sonowal-kachari-autonomous-council-elections-3547828/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=Assam: BJP sweeps Tiwa Autonomous Council polls |url=https://www.nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/assam-bjp-sweeps-tiwa-autonomous-council-polls.html |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="10" | TBA
| [[Mising Autonomous Council]]
| bgcolor=#B7032E |
| align=left | [[Sanmilita Gana Shakti]]
| colspan=2 rowspan="10" style="text-align:center;" | ''TBD''
|-
| [[Sonowal Kachari Autonomous Council]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[Tiwa Autonomous Council]]
|-
| [[Bodo Kachari Autonomous Council]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | ''Did not exist''
|-
| [[Kamtapur Autonomous Council]]
|-
| [[Matak Autonomous Council]]
|-
| [[Moran Autonomous Council]]
|-
| Silchar Municipal Corporation
|}

=== Chandigarh ===
{{main|2026 Chandigarh Municipal Corporation election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-01-29 |title=Chandigarh: BJP’s Saurabh Joshi elected mayor as tight security marks MC polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/chandigarh-bjps-saurabh-joshi-elected-mayor-as-tight-security-marks-mc-polls/articleshow/127760254.cms |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| TBD
| [[Chandigarh Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan=2 | TBD
|}

=== Chhattisgarh ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-24 |title=Congress wins big in polls held in 15 urban civic bodies of Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chhattisgarh-urban-civic-bodies-polls-congress-wins-big-bjp-1891542-2021-12-24 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-06 |title=भिलाई नगर निगम में लगातार तीसरी बार कांग्रेस का कब्जा, नीरज पाल बने मेयर |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/chhattisgarh/bhilai-news-neeraj-pal-of-congress-became-mayor-in-bhilai-municipal-corporation-bunty-girwar-sahu-chairman-ann-2033284 |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="4" | TBD
| Bhilai Charoda Municipal Corporation
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
| colspan=2 rowspan="4" | TBD
|-
| Bhilai Municipal Corporation
|-
| Birgaon Municipal Corporation
|-
| Risali Municipal Corporation
|}

=== Goa ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Goa municipal election results 2021: What we know so far |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/goa-municipal-election-results-2021-what-we-know-so-far-101616401217231.html |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-13 |title=BJP-backed panel sweeps Panaji municipal corporation polls, wins 27 of 30 seats |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/bjpbacked-panel-sweeps-panaji-municipal-corporation-polls-wins-27-of-30-seats-101773402613765.html |access-date=2026-03-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 11 March 2026<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/elections-to-ccps-30-wards-on-march-11-counting-on-13/articleshow/128435389.cms|title=Elections to CCP's 30 wards on March 11, counting on 13|work=Times of India|accessdate=18 February 2026}}</ref>
| [[Corporation of Panaji|Panaji City Corporation]]
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}"|
| align="left"| ''Non partisan''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}"|
| align="left"| ''Non partisan''
|}

=== Gujarat ===
{{Main| 2026 Gujarat local elections}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-02-23 |title=BJP sweeps municipal polls in Gujarat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat-municipal-election-results-2021/article33911586.ece |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-05 |title=BJP sweeps Gandhinagar municipal polls |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/counting-of-votes-for-gujarat-gandhinagar-civic-municipal-polls/article36835148.ece |access-date=2026-02-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="15" |[[2026 Gujarat local elections|26 April 2026]]
| [[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=15}}
|-
| [[Surat Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Vadodara Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Rajkot Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Jamnagar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Anand Municipal Corporation]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="9" | ''Newly formed''
|-
| [[Gandhidham Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Mehsana Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Morbi Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Nadiad Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Navsari Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Porbandar Chhaya Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| Surendranagar Municipal Corporation
|-
| [[Vapi Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|TBD
| [[Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|colspan=3|TBD
|-
|}

=== Haryana ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="3" | 10 May 2026
|[[Ambala Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
| rowspan="3" | TBD
|-
|[[Panchkula Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Sonipat Municipal Corporation]]
|}

=== Himachal Pradesh ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="7" | 17 May 2026<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-04-22 |title=HP elections on May 17|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/hp-urban-local-body-elections-to-be-held-on-may-17/ar-AA21pcN0?ocid=msedgntp&pc=LCTS&cvid=69e7cf52286342d9b690b5330275b912&ei=19 |access-date=2026-04-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| [[Dharamshala Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan="7" | TBD
|-
| [[Mandi Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Palampur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[Solan Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Party name with color|Independent}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-08 |title=Cong in majority, but rebel is Solan mayor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/rebel-bjp-supported-candidate-defeats-official-congress-nominee-in-solan-mayors-election/articleshow/105826080.cms |access-date=2026-01-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|Baddi Municipal Corporation
|colspan=2 rowspan="3" | ''Newly formed''<ref> {{Cite web |date=2024-11-17 |title=Himachal cabinet okays upgrade for three municipal councils |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/himachal-cabinet-okays-upgrade-for-three-municipal-councils-101731789017329.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Hamirpur Municipal Corporation
|-
|Una Municipal Corporation
|-
|}

=== Jammu and Kashmir ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan="2" | Government before/ last election
! colspan="2" | Government after
|-
| rowspan=2 | ''TBA''
| [[Jammu Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ''TBD''
|-
| [[Srinagar Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}
|}

=== Jharkhand ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-22 |title=Jharkhand elections: Stage set for polls to 48 civic bodies |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/jharkhand-civic-body-elections-february-23-2026/article70663146.ece |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-28 |title=BJP suffers setback in Jharkhand Municipal polls |url=https://newsarenaindia.com/politics/bjp-suffers-setback-in-jharkhand-municipal-polls/71056 |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=News Arena India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="9" | 23 February 2026<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jharkhand Announces Municipal Elections: Voting On February 23, Counting On February 27|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/state/jharkhand-announces-municipal-elections-voting-on-february-23-counting-on-february-27-enn26012704767|website=ETV Bharat News|date=2026-01-27|access-date=2026-01-30|language=en}}</ref>
| [[Adityapur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
| rowspan=9 bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}"|
| rowspan="9" align="left" | ''Non partisan''
|-
| [[Giridih Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Hazaribagh Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Medininagar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Ranchi Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Chas Municipal Corporation]]
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}"|
| rowspan="3" align="left"| ''Non partisan''
|-
| [[Deoghar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Jamshedpur|Mango Municipal Corporatio]]<nowiki/>[[Jamshedpur|n]]
| style="text-align:center;" colspan=2 | ''did not exist''
|}

=== Karnataka ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Corporations {{!}} Directorate of Municipal Administration |url=http://www.municipaladmn.gov.in:80/en/cc |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20200714043347/http://www.municipaladmn.gov.in:80/en/cc |archive-date=2020-07-14 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.municipaladmn.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Government before
! colspan="2" | Government after
|-
| rowspan=18|''TBA''
| [[Bengaluru Central City Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}} {{Small|(Erstwhile [[Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike|BBMP]])}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-01 |title=BJP candidate Gautam Kumar wins Bengaluru mayoral poll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-candidate-gautam-kumar-wins-bengaluru-mayoral-poll-1605109-2019-10-01 |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="2" rowspan=18|''TBD''
|-
| [[Bengaluru North City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Bengaluru East City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Bengaluru South City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Bengaluru West City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Mangaluru City Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}
|-
| [[Mysuru City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Shivamogga City Corporation]]
|-
|[[Belagavi Mahanagara Palike|Belagavi City Corporation]]
|-
|[[Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Vijayapura City Corporation]]
|-
| [[Davanagere City Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-27 |title=Cong sweeps Davanagere city corpn election |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/cong-sweeps-davanagere-city-corpn-election/articleshow/113741539.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-10 |title=ತುಮಕೂರು ಪಾಲಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್‍ನ ಪ್ರಭಾವತಿಗೆ ಒಲಿದ ಮೇಯರ್‌ ಪಟ್ಟ; ಉಪ ಮೇಯರ್‌ ಆಗಿ ಟಿ.ಕೆ. ನರಸಿಂಹಮೂರ್ತಿ ಅವಿರೋಧ ಆಯ್ಕೆ |trans-title=Congress mayor appointed in Tumkur Municipal Corporation |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/tumakuru/prabhavathi-elected-as-mayor-of-tumakuru-corporation/articleshow/94107648.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tumakuru City Corporation]]
|-
|Ballari City Corporation
|-
|Bidar City Corporation
|-
|Kalaburagi City Corporation
|-
|Raichur City Corporation
|colspan="2" rowspan=2 | ''Newly formed''
|-
|Hassan City Corporation
|-

|}

=== Ladakh ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''TBA''
| [[Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''TBD''
|}

=== Maharashtra ===
{{Main|2025-26 Maharashtra local election}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
!Date
!Governing body
!colspan=2|Government before
!colspan=2|Government after<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Maharashtra Civic Election Results: Complete list of all 29 municipal corporations |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/city/maharashtra-civic-election-results-complete-list-of-winners-of-29-municipal-corporations-article-13775205.html |access-date=2026-01-19 |website=moneycontrol.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Urban sweep: BJP captures 20 of 28 mayoral posts across Maharashtra |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/urban-sweep-bjp-captures-20-of-28-mayoral-posts-across-maharashtra-10536252/ |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="29" | [[2025-26 Maharashtra local election|15 January 2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Maharashtra: BMC, 28 other municipal corporations to go for polls on January 15; result on January 16 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/maharashtra/maharashtra-bmc-28-other-municipal-corporations-to-go-for-polls-on-january-15-result-on-january-16-latest-updates-2025-12-15-1021804 |access-date=2025-12-15 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>
|[[2026 Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation election|Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|dab=yes|rowspan=7}} 
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Jalgaon Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Ahilyanagar Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[Thane Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}
|{{Full party name with color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}
|-
|[[Latur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[Malegaon Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra}}
|-
|[[Parbhani Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (UBT)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[Kolhapur Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=17}}
|-
|[[Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[Pune Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=12}}
|-
|[[Nagpur Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Nashik Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Solapur Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Amravati Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Akola Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Corporation|Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Panvel Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Dhule Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Chandrapur Municipal Corporation]]

|-
|[[Ichalkaranji Municipal Corporation]]
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2 colspan=2|''Newly formed''
|-
|[[Jalna Municipal Corporation]]
|}

=== Manipur ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-14 |title=Finally, new ADC Members sworn in |url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=2..140715.jul15 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-11 |title=ADC Election Final Results 2015 |url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.Top_Stories.Top_Stories_2015.ADC_Election_Final_Results_2015_20150611 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan=7 | ''TBA''
| [[Imphal Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
| rowspan=7 | ''TBD''
|-
| [[Sadar Hills Autonomous District Council]]
|-
| Chandel Autonomous District Council
| {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front|rowspan=4}}
|-
| Manipur North Autonomous District Council
|-
| Tamenglong Autonomous District Council
|-
| Ukhrul Autonomous District Council
|-
| Churachandpur Autonomous District Council
| {{Party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

=== Meghalaya ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=Albinush Marak elected as new GHADC chief |url=https://www.syllad.com/albinush-marak-elected-as-new-ghadc-chief/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Syllad |language=en-US}}</ref>
! Government after
|-
|TBD
| [[Garo Hills Autonomous District Council]]
| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
| TBD
|}

=== Mizoram ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after<ref name="News18_2026">{{cite news|title=ZPM Secures Landslide Victory In Aizawl Municipal Corporation Polls |url=https://www.news18.com/politics/mizoram-zpm-secures-landslide-victory-in-aizawl-municipal-corporation-polls-ws-e-10060175.html |access-date=2026-04-28 |work=News18 |date=2026-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| 21 April 2026<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-20|title=Aizwal Municiapl Corporation, date of poll 21 april 2026 and counting on 27 april 2026|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/india/mizoram-gears-up-for-aizawl-civic-polls-zpm-mnf-congress-bjp-intensify-campaign/ar-AA1Z4kNw?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=LCTS&cvid=69bd7c7ebfa54f8a868b8a9122368138&ei=32|access-date=2025-03-02|website=India TodayNE|language=en}}</ref>
| [[Aizawl Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front}}
| {{Full party name with color|Zoram People's Movement}}
|}

=== Odisha ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! Government before
! Government after
|-
| rowspan="3" | ''TBA''
| [[Rourkela Municipal Corporation]]
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |''did not exist''
| rowspan="3" | ''TBD''
|-
| Sambalpur Municipal Corporation
|-
| Puri Municipal Corporation
|}

=== Punjab ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-17 |title=Congress wins Punjab local body elections with thumping majority, bags seven municipal corporations |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/congress-wins-punjab-local-body-elections-with-thumping-majority-bags-seven-municipal-corporations-6533641.html |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=Moneycontrol.com}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| rowspan=9 | ''TBA''
| [[Bathinda Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=2}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=AAP gets first mayor in Punjab with Baljit Singh Channi’s election in Moga |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/aap-loyalist-baljit-singh-channi-unanimously-elected-as-moga-mayor-boosting-party-ahead-of-punjab-civic-body-elections-101692605654242.html |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-05 |title=AAP grabs Bathinda MC, PCA President’ son Padamjit Mehta grabs post of Mayor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/aap-grabs-bathinda-mc-pca-president-son-padamjit-mehta-grabs-post-of-mayor/articleshow/117955507.cms |access-date=2025-11-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| colspan="2" rowspan="9" | ''TBD''
|-
| [[Moga Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| Abohar Municipal Corporation
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=Abohar mayor, 46 Congress councillors jump ship, join BJP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/abohar-mayor-and-46-congress-councillors-join-bjp-during-sunil-jakhar-s-visit-congress-stronghold-weakened-101691694456067.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-23 |title=Amarjeet Sidhu resumes charge of Mohali Mayor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/amarjeet-sidhu-resumes-charge-of-mohali-mayor-101674484913837.html |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

|-
| [[Mohali Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Batala Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| Hoshiarpur Municipal Corporation
|-
| Kapurthala Municipal Corporation
|-
| Pathankot Municipal Corporation
|-

| [[Barnala Municipal Corporation]]
|colspan=2|''Did not exist''
|}

=== Rajasthan ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan="2" | Government before
! colspan="2" | Government after
|-
| rowspan="12" | ''TBA''
| rowspan="2" |[[Jaipur Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{small|(Erstwhile JMC Greater)}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="12" | ''TBD''
|-
|{{Party name with color|Independent politician}} {{small|(Erstwhile JMC Heritage)}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-08-21 |title=BJP councillors begin strike at JMC-H over corruption |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/bjp-councillors-begin-strike-at-jmc-h-over-corruption/articleshow/123418770.cms |access-date=2026-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Jodhpur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} {{small|(Erstwhile Jodhpur North)}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-11-04 |title=Jodhpur civic bodies will have mayors from Congress and BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jodhpur/jodhpur-civic-bodies-will-have-mayors-from-cong-and-bjp/articleshow/79030386.cms |access-date=2026-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{small|(Erstwhile Jodhpur South)}}
|-
|[[Ajmer Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[Udaipur Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Bikaner Municipal Corporation]]
|-
|[[Bharatpur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |Kota Municipal Corporation
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}} {{small|(Erstwhile Kota North)}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-31 |title=Kota mayor joins BJP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/kota-mayor-joins-bjp/articleshow/108908818.cms |access-date=2026-02-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{small|(Erstwhile Kota South)}}
|-
|Alwar Municipal Corporation
|rowspan=2 colspan=2|''Newly formed ''
|-
|Bhilwara Municipal Corporation
|}

=== Sikkim ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after
|-
| ''TBA''
| [[Gangtok Municipal Corporation]]
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Independent politician}}"|
| align="left"| ''Non partisan''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-30 |title=Sikkim to enjoy non-partisan Municipal and Panchayat elections after 27 years |url=https://www.nenow.in/north-east-news/sikkim/sikkim-to-enjoy-non-partisan-municipal-and-panchayat-elections-after-27-years.html |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=NorthEast Now |language=en-US}}</ref>
| colspan="2" | ''TBD''
|}

=== Telangana ===
{{Main|2026 Telangana local elections}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan=2 | Government before
! colspan=2 | Government after<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-14 |title=Congress dominates Telangana civic polls, sweeps 83 municipalities; BRS suffers setback, BJP surprises with wins in Karimnagar, Nizamabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/congress-dominates-telangana-civic-polls-wins-in-83-municipalities-brs-suffers-setback-bjp-surprises/articleshow/128329141.cms |access-date=2026-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-16 |title=Congress dominates Telangana mayoral polls, BRS fails to open account |url=https://www.siasat.com/congress-dominates-telangana-mayoral-polls-brs-fails-to-open-account-3350488/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |[[2026 Telangana urban local bodies elections|11 February 2026]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/municipal-elections-on-february-11-results-on-february-12-1933031|title=Telangana: Municipal Elections on Feb 11; Results on Feb 13|work=Deccan Chronicle|accessdate=27 January 2026|date=27 January 2026}}</ref>
| [[Karimnagar Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=3}}
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Nizamabad Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[Ramagundam Municipal Corporation]]

|-
| [[Mahabubnagar Municipal Corporation]]
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |''Newly formed''
|-
| [[Mancherial Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Nalgonda Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[Kothagudem Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| rowspan="5|TBA<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-01 |title=Three municipal corporations planned, GHMC elections likely in April–May |url=https://telanganatoday.com/three-municipal-corporations-planned-ghmc-elections-likely-in-april-may |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}} {{Small|(Unified GHMC)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-30 |title=Hyderabad Mayor Gadwal Vijayalaxmi joins Congress |url=https://www.siasat.com/hyderabad-mayor-gadwal-vijayalaxmi-joins-congress-3001046/ |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en}}</ref>
| colspan="2" rowspan="5|TBD
|-
|Malkajgiri Municipal Corporation
|-
|Cyberbad Municipal Corporation
|-
|[[Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[Khammam Municipal Corporation]]
|}

=== Tripura ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan="2" | Government before
! colspan="2" | Government after<ref name="Election Results 2026">{{cite web |title=TTAADC Election Results 2026: Tipra Motha Wins 24 Seats, BJP Gets 4; All 28 Results Declared |url=https://voterlist.co.in/ttaadc-election-results-2026-live-counting-updates/}}</ref>
|-
| [[2026 Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council election|12 April 2026]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-18 |title=TTAADC Polls Advanced to April 12 to Avoid Tribal Festivals |url=https://northeasttoday.in/northeast/ttaadc-polls-advanced-to-april-12-to-avoid-tribal-festivals/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
|[[Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council]]
|{{Full party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|{{Full party name with color|Tipra Motha Party}}
|-
| ''TBA''
|[[Agartala Municipal Corporation]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| Rowspan="2" colspan=2|''TBA''
|-
|}

=== West Bengal ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"style="text-align:center;"
! Date
! Governing body
! colspan="2" | Government before
! Government after
|-
| rowspan="4" | ''TBA''
| [[Durgapur Municipal Corporation]]
| {{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
| rowspan="4" | ''TBD''
|-
| [[Howrah Municipal Corporation]]
|-
| [[2026 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election|Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
|}

== See also ==
* [[2025 elections in India]]
* [[2026 Rajya Sabha elections]]
* [[2027 elections in India]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
[https://acrpro.org/west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2026/ West Bengal election Result 2026]{{reflist}}
{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:2026 elections in India| ]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:2026 elections in Asia]]

Devudu Narasimha Sastri

2026-04-30T00:26:26Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating a article

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Devudu Narasimha Sastry
| image = 
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1895|12|7}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1962|10|27|1895|12|7}}
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| occupation = Journalist, novelist, screenwriter
}}

'''Devudu Narasimha Sastry''' (29 December 1886 – 27 October 1962), known popularly by his pen-name '''Devudu''', was a [[Kannada]] writer and novelist, [[Sanskrit]] scholar, actor and journalist. His [[guru]] was Mahamahopadhyaya Vaidhyanatha Shastri.

''Mimansa Darpana'', his commentary on the Indian philosophy of [[Mimāṃsā]], is ranked highly among works on the subject. ''Antaranga'', his novel published in 1932, was the first novel in Kannada to employ the method of monologue narrative. In 1947, he published his most notable novel, ''Maha Brahmana'' (''The Great Brahmin''), based on the life of the sage [[Vishwamitra]]. ''Mahākṣatriya'' (''The Great Warrior''), published in 1960, depicts the life and deeds of King [[Nahusha]]. This novel was awarded the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]], the most prestigious literary merit awarded by the [[Government of India]]. Devudu's last novel, ''Maha Darshana'' (''The Great Vision''), is based on the life of sage [[Yajnavalkya]]; it was published after his death in 1962.

==Childhood and education==
Devudu was born on 7 December in a [[Vedic tradition]]. His mother was Subbamma; father was Krishnasthani. His father died when he was two years old.

Devudu, who learned Sanskrit ''[[Amarakosha]]'', ''[[Sabda]]'' and ''[[Raghuvamsha]]'' as a child at the age of five, had his primary, secondary and college education in [[Mysore]].

He was a student of the [[Maharaja College of Mysore]] and the [[University of Mysore]]. In MA he chose Sanskrit and philosophy as the subject of study.

==Family life==
In 1912, when Devudu was 16, he married his wife, Gauramma. They had three sons and six daughters. The first son died prematurely at an early age.

==Career==
During 1923 and 1924, Devudu became headmaster at Sadvidyā Pāṭhaśāle, Mysore. Sometime in Sringeri's Sankaracharya monastery he functioned as a Peshkar.

He went to [[Bangalore]] from 1924 to 1929 and became headmaster of the Arya Vidyalaya. He left the institution for several years and founded the Gandhinagar High School for five years.

==Journalism==
He entered journalism in 1927 as the editor of ''Navajivana'', and in 1936 and 1938 was editor of the theater magazine. From 1936
to 1957, he ran ''Namma Pustaka'', a free children's magazine. He also edited the Kannada ''Sahitya Parishad'' newspaper in 1935 and 1936.

==Hobbies and amateur work==
Devudu's two other hobbies were drama and literature.

In 1921, he acted in several plays as an actor in Chamundeshwari Company. In 1926, he was a member of the Amateur Company.

He founded the Karnataka Film Corporation in 1928. In 1934, he wrote the script for the film ''Bhakta Dhruva''. In 1936, he wrote the script for the film ''Chiranjeevi'' and played the role of sage Mṛkaṃḍu.

==Cultural and social work==
Devudu founded the Kannada Sahitya society in 1937. From 1939 to 1942 he was involved in the Mysore Province's Adult Literacy Schemes.

He was a member of the Mysore Democratic Party from 1943 to 1945.

In 1946, he was a Director and Textbook Committee of Bangalore City Cooperative Bank.

In 1948, he was elected a member of the [[Bangalore City Corporation]]. He was also involved in the Karnataka unification struggle.

In 1950, he founded the Gīrvāṇavidyāpīṭha in [[Sankarapuram]]. He was a member of the Working Committee of the Kannada Sahitya Parishad from 1956 to 1959.

==Literature==
Devudu is a major writer in Kannada. He wrote in many genres of literature. His greatness is the imagination, etymology, and realism found in his literature.

His first work was a [[spy novel]], ''Sāhasavarma'', written in 1912 when he was age 16.

In 1920, he wrote a comprehensive definition for "pūrvamegha".

At the suggestion of Devudu, Kengal Hanumanthayan opened the Kannada Culture Development Department and asked him to become director. But Devudu disagreed and suggested Sri CK Venkataramaiah.

==Personality==
Devudu read the ''[[Ramayana]]'', ''[[Mahabharata]]'', ''[[Bhagavata]]'', and ''Brahmandapurana'' when he was in primary school. "When Krishna played the flute, all the trees and the trees sprouted, yet why did the flute not sprout?" – When the women were discussing this question of a pastor, it was the young boy who gave the consolation, "It was afraid of Krishna throwing it away." At the same time, he participated in all kinds of games and paid attention to bodybuilding.

For over four years of his life, Devudu wrote hundreds of articles and speeches to promote culture, the message of the [[Bhagavad Gita]].

The news of the death of his eldest son, Ramu, came to light when he was lecturing about the song in [[Udupi]]. Without a pause, he finished his speech. When he left the stage shortly after, friends became aware of his stoic and detached character, as prescribed in the Bahagavad Gita.

== Awards ==
* Special Award by the [[Maharaja of Mysore]] for the book ''Mīmāṃsā Darpaṇa'' in 1938
* Honored by Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]], the first [[President of India]] in 1952
* President of the Kannada Novelists Conference in 1952
* In 1963, the novel ''Mahākṣatriya'' was posthumously awarded the Central Sahitya Akademi Award

== End ==
Despite his cultural affluence, he lived in poverty. One of his disciples, who thought he was walking barefoot, bought a pair of slippers that injured his leg. In 1959, a collar had to be removed because of diabetes. This led to the end of his public life.

==Death==
Devudu died on 27 October 1962.

==Notable writings==

===Commentary===
*''[https://archive.org/details/MimamsaDarpana Mimansa Darpana]'' (1930) (commentary)

===Novel===
*''Mayura'' (historical)
*''Bhāratada Mahāpuruṣaru''<ref>{{cite book |title=Bhāratada mahāpuruṣaru |access-date=22 August 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dd9PLwEACAAJ}}</ref>
*''Antaranga'' (1932)
*''[https://archive.org/details/MahaBrahmana-by-DevuduAudio/ Maha Brahmana]'' (1947) audio book
*''[https://archive.org/details/mahA-kShatriya-devuDu-narasimha-shAstrI-1.5x/ Mahākṣatriya]'' (1960) (novel based on Nahusha)<ref>{{cite book |title=Mahākṣatriya |access-date=22 August 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GMCSgAACAAJ}}</ref>
*''[https://archive.org/details/mahA-darshana-devuDu-narasimha-shAstrI Maha Darshana]''
*''Karanataka Samskruti'' (cultural treatise)
*''Solo-geluvo''
*''Avala Janma''
*''Dr Veena''
*''Mahabharatha''
*''Chinna – Vijayanagara Raja Nartaki''
*''Ramayanada Mahapurusharu''
*''Geddavaru Yaaru?''
*''Malli''
*''MahaDarshana''
*''Odeda Mutthu''
*''Sampoorana Valmiki Ramayana''
1. ಎರಡನೇ ಜನ್ಮ
2. ಘಾಟಿ ಮುದುಕ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
3. ಸಾವಿತ್ರಿ
4. ವಿಚಿತ್ರ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ
5. ದುರ್ಮಂತ್ರಿ
6. ಮೂಲ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ
7. ಮೈಸೂರು translation series (bhagha 1, 2,3)
8. ~ಭೇರಂಡೀಶ್ವರ~
9. ಸುರಭಿ
10. ವಿಕ್ರಮೊರ್ವಶೀಯ
11. ಅಮೇರಿಕಾದ ಕಥೆ
12. ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಭಾಗ 1 and 2
13. ಕನ್ನಡದ ಭಾಗವತ
14. ವೇದಾಂತ
15. ಕಂದನ ಕಥೆಗಳು
16. ಗಣೇಶನ ಕಥೆ
17. ತಂತ್ರಗಾರಿ ನರಿ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
18. ಪಂಚಾಮೃತ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
19. ಬಂಜೆಯ ಮಗ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
20. ಒಂದು ಕನಸು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
21. ಅವಸರ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
22. ಬರಿಯ ಆಸೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
23. ಸ್ನೇಹಿತರು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಕಥೆಗಳು
24. ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕಥೆ ಗಳು (ಭೀಮಸೇನ ಬೆಕ್ಕು)
25. ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕಥೆ ಗಳು (ಅರಸಿನ ಮಗಳು)
26. ಯವನ ಪುರಾಣ
27. ದೇವುಡು ಅವರ 4 ಮಕ್ಕಳ ಕಥೆಗಳು
28. ಸಾಹಸವರ್ಮ
29. ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಶಿಕ್ಷಾ
30. ಚಿತ್ರ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ

===Other===
*''Yoga Vasista'' (seven volumes)

===Short stories===
*''Devudu Avara Sannakathegalu''
*''Buddhiya Kathegalu''
*

==References==
{{Reflist}}
Encyclopedia of Indian Literature published by [[Sahitya Akademi]], New Delhi.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sastri, Devudu Narasimha}}
[[Category:Place of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:19th-century births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Educators from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Heads of schools in India]]
[[Category:Indian founders]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian newspaper editors]]
[[Category:Journalists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:Organization founders]]
[[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:University of Mysore alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Mysore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Escaype Live

2026-04-29T11:55:05Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating a entry

{{Short description|2022 Indian thriller web series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Escaype live.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| writer = [[Jaya Misra]] [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| director = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]]|[[Jaaved Jaaferi]]|[[Shweta Tripathi]]|[[Sumedh Mudgalkar]]|[[Waluscha De Sousa]]|[[Plabita Borthakur]]|[[Ritvik Sahore]]}}
| theme_music_composer =
| music =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 9
| executive_producer = [[Sakett Saawhney]]
| producer = {{ubl|[[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]|Gayatri Gill Tewary|Rahul Kumar Tewary}}
| location = [[Mumbai]], India
| cinematography = [[Aseem Mishra]]
| editor = [[Chandan Arora]]
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 35-40 mins approx
| company = One Life Studios
| budget =
| network = [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
| released = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
| first_aired =
| last_aired =
| related =
}}
'''''Escaype Live''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Hindi]]-language television series created and directed by Siddharth Kumar Tewary. It is written by [[Jaya Misra]] and [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]], with dialogues by Vinod Sharma, Amol Surve and Ranveer Pratap Singh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 2022 |title=Escaype Live review: This exhausting Siddharth, Jaaved Jaaferi show wastes promising concept by trying to do too much |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-this-exhausting-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-show-wastes-promising-concept-by-trying-to-do-too-much-101653056836836.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907045128/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-this-exhausting-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-show-wastes-promising-concept-by-trying-to-do-too-much-101653056836836.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/watch-video-plabita-borthakur-i-had-to-diet-to-play-a-stripper-in-escaype-live-23229675|title=Watch video! Plabita Borthakur: I had to diet to play a stripper in 'Escaype Live'|date=31 May 2022|website=Mid-day|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630142517/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/watch-video-plabita-borthakur-i-had-to-diet-to-play-a-stripper-in-escaype-live-23229675|url-status=live}}</ref> Produced by [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]] under the banner of One Life Studios,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-this-exhausting-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-show-wastes-promising-concept-by-trying-to-do-too-much-101653056836836.html|title=Escaype Live review: This exhausting Siddharth, Jaaved Jaaferi show wastes promising concept by trying to do too much|date=20 May 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630144925/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-this-exhausting-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-show-wastes-promising-concept-by-trying-to-do-too-much-101653056836836.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the series stars [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Jaaved Jaaferi]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-trailer-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-starrer-web-series-brings-forth-the-dark-side-of-social-media-watch-101650973945860.html|title=Escaype Live trailer: Siddharth, Jaaved Jaaferi-starrer web series brings forth the dark side of social media. Watch|date=26 April 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630145523/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-trailer-siddharth-jaaved-jaaferi-starrer-web-series-brings-forth-the-dark-side-of-social-media-watch-101650973945860.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shweta Tripathi]], [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-04 |title=Sumedh Mudgalkar: I got slapped 25-27 times for a sequence in 'Escaype Live' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/sumedh-mudgalkar-i-got-slapped-25-27-times-for-a-sequence-in-escaype-live-23225593 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=Mid-day |language=en |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731193415/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/web-series/article/sumedh-mudgalkar-i-got-slapped-25-27-times-for-a-sequence-in-escaype-live-23225593 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Waluscha De Sousa]], [[Plabita Borthakur]] and [[Ritvik Sahore]]. Escaype Live 9 episodes were launched on [[Disney+Hotstar]] in two instalments within a week of each other. Episode 1- 7 were dropped on 20 May 2022 and the two - part finale a week later, thereby
successfully engaging their viewers and building curiosity over its content within the week.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Archana |date=20 May 2022 |title=Escaype Live OTT Release Date, Star Cast, Plot, Trailer & More Details Here |url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/escaype-live-ott-release-date-star-cast-plot-more-details-here |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=JanBharat Times |language=en-US |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914184726/https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/escaype-live-ott-release-date-star-cast-plot-more-details-here |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Escaype Live: Two finale episodes to launch on May 27th on Disney+ Hotstar |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-two-finale-episodes-to-launch-on-may-27th-on-disney-hotstar-2467641.html |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en |archive-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914184725/https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-two-finale-episodes-to-launch-on-may-27th-on-disney-hotstar-2467641.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Plot ==
A live streaming app has announced a contest promising instant fame and fortune to its most
popular participant which turns the mundane lives of 6 regular Indians upside down as their reality
begins to change form. Escaype Live, is a social thriller series offering a
glimpse into the minds of people living in the world of social media and how far they're willing to go
to get what they want and how as the lines between the reality and virtuality begin to blur, the rules of
the game change and the order of morality transforms. When the stakes are high, how far is a
person willing to go to achieve their dreams? And how much is really too much?

== Cast ==
* [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]] as Krishna Rangaswamy
* [[Jaaved Jaaferi]] as Ravi Gupta
* [[Shweta Tripathi]] as Sunaina
* [[Waluscha De Sousa]] as Gia Bose
* [[Sumedh Mudgalkar]] as Dark Angel a.k.a. Darkie, Bablu in flash back
* [[Plabita Borthakur]] as Hina a.k.a. Fetish Girl
* [[Ritvik Sahore]] as Nilesh Sonawane a.k.a. Aamcha Spider
* Aadya Sharma as Rani Singh a.k.a. Dance Rani
* [[Rohit Chandel]] as Rajkumar a.k.a. Meena
* [[Swastika Mukherjee]] as Mala
* Alekh Sangal as Baldev
* [[Geetika Vidya Ohlyan]] as Sita
* [[Jagjeet Sandhu]] as Nandu
* [[Mallika Singh]] as Shrini Rangaswamy
* [[Aakanksha Singh]] as Devna
* [[Sharat Saxena]] as Rajkumar's Father
* [[Sanjay Narvekar]] as Aamcha's Father
* [[Smita Tambe]] as Aamcha's Mother
* Rajveer Singh Rajput as Contractor
* [[Arundathi Nag|Arundhati Nag]] as Laxmi Amma
* Anagh Jain<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/escaype-lives-gripping-narrative-impresses-viewers-across-india/articleshow/92003010.cms|title=Escaype Live's gripping narrative impresses viewers across India - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=5 June 2022|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630152816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/escaype-lives-gripping-narrative-impresses-viewers-across-india/articleshow/92003010.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> as Dhruv Bhalla
* [[Ashwin Mushran]] as Jogi Balla / Dhruv's Father
* [[Aditi Govitrikar]] as Meenal Bhalla / Dhruv's Mother
* Kunal Thakkar as Kunal (CTO)
* Khuman as Tashi

== Series overview ==
{{Series overview

| color1 = #FF5F57
| link1 = #Season 1 (2022)
| episodes1 = 9
| released1 = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt15128122/episodes|title=Escaype Live (TV Series 2022– ) - IMDb|via=www.imdb.com|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622112328/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15128122/episodes|url-status=live}} {{unreliable source?|date=November 2023}}</ref>
}}

=== Episodes ===
{{Episode table |background=000000|overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/escaype-live/1260099719/list/episodes/t-1_2_3902|title=Watch Escaype Live All Latest Episodes on Disney+ Hotstar|website=Disney+ Hotstar|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519185450/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/escaype-live/1260099719/list/episodes/t-1_2_3902|url-status=dead}}</ref>|country=In |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = The Game Begins
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Krishna Rangaswamy a man high on moral ethics and values joins a live streaming social networking app "Escaype Live" as a moderator. Soon after, a grand competition promising a prize of 3 crores to its popular contestants is announced where neither him, nor the contestants know how the contest will throw all their lives in a tizzy.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Follow/Like/Love
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As the games begins, the most popular contestant Darkie finds himself in a face off with Aamcha Spyder. The Face Offs heat up as Fetish Girl steams up the game with her acts while Nandu, Rani's uncle stumbles upon a dreadful idea for his niece's win. Krishna meanwhile resigns after realising that the only rule of this game is that 'There are NO RULES'. As the stakes rise, no one knows what's in store ahead.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = #Nofilter
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Rajkumar, a bank employee hailing from Varanasi reluctantly meets a prospective bride under family pressure just as Amcha spyder realises he needs to completely transform himself to stand a chance in the game. Sudden erratic changes show up in Rani's behaviour as the pressure mounts while Fetish's real identity is on the verge of being revealed to her boss. With the unprecedented revelation of a new player, Krishna too stumbles upon damaging information about the contest, casting a doubt on its own existence.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Cheat Code
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Darkie with his knack for sensationalism makes the ratings of the show soar as he enthusiastically plans the deadliest party ever. Mala's obsession with Fetish starts getting more and more vicious while Amcha's next move turns into a big fatal mistake. Meanwhile Krishna's conscience makes him feel compelled to expose the secret.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Bhram
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = With the increasing pressure of the competition, all facades start crumbling. As Rajkumar's illusion breaks, the true faces of all contestants starts to show up. The authorities contemplate to crack down on the contest when a fatal accident is telecast live on the app leaving all viewers stunned. Dance Rani's father is alarmed and orders her not to use the app anymore Krishna, guilty of facilitating the wrong tries to make it right to fetish, but ends up unravelling his own spotted.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Search for the Truth
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As the contest now rolls like a juggernaut towards an explosive finale, Amcha struggles with a broken spirit due to his last action and fetish girl makes one more brave attempt to get rid of her issues. Rani despite her personal sufferings, gets ahead by the day not knowing that someone with a dark past is plotting to make sure she loses.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Nautanki
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = As the personal lives of contestants get into a tailspin, Meena and her father have a fallout which breaks her heart. Krishna gets a request from fetish girl to help her win the contest. Rani gets enticed by a secret admirer and runs away to meet him creating a pandemonium. Troubles mount for Darkie as the Delhi police close in on him.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = #EndGame
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Meena feels that her life is at its worst, even as her popularity soars and she reaches the top of the competition chart. Rani is shocked when she gets to know the real identity of Mr Lova Lova and feels trapped with no way to escape. All contestants go all out to win the contest as the finale gets closer. Krishna gets help from unexpected quarters as he attempts to do the right thing as per his moral values.

|LineColor = 000000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = The Ouroborus : Every End holds a New Beginning
|DirectedBy = [[Siddharth Kumar Tewary]]
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|05|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = It's finale time but with a cruel twist in it. The brains behind Escaype live blur the lines between morality and business as they are stunned by emergence of an unlikely winner. As the competition ends, life seems to be curling back to normal, unknown to an even deadlier game that has already begun.

|LineColor = 000000
}}
}}

==Release==
The trailer of the series was released on 26 April 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/siddharth-on-completing-20-years-in-cinema-acting-in-escaype-live-and-pan-indian-films/article65377925.ece|title=Siddharth on completing 20 years in cinema, acting in 'Escaype Live', and 'pan-Indian' films|first=Praveen|last=Sudevan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 May 2022|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630151927/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/siddharth-on-completing-20-years-in-cinema-acting-in-escaype-live-and-pan-indian-films/article65377925.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> consisting of seven episodes premiered on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] on 20 May 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/review-escaype-live-has-its-flaws-but-being-over-the-top-is-not-one-of-them-8552621.html|title=Review: 'Escaype Live' has its flaws, but being over-the-top is not one of them|website=Moneycontrol|date=22 May 2022|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=4 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604164953/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/review-escaype-live-has-its-flaws-but-being-over-the-top-is-not-one-of-them-8552621.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and remaining two episodes were released on 27 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shweta-tripathi-sharma-on-escaype-live-hindi-audio-series-batman-ek-chakravyuh-and-more-10697471.html|title=Shweta Tripathi Sharma on Escaype Live, Hindi audio series Batman: Ek Chakravyuh and more|date=20 May 2022|website=Firstpost|access-date=30 June 2022|archive-date=30 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630151401/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shweta-tripathi-sharma-on-escaype-live-hindi-audio-series-batman-ek-chakravyuh-and-more-10697471.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
The series received high praise for its edgy ideas and concept but critique for its directorial choices. Manik Sharma for [[Firstpost]] wrote that ''"Escaype Live is fascinating for the many ideas it confronts, from gender to identity, from class to the politics of internal borders. And foremost, as a fluid critique of the social media ecosystem that has spawned many fake lives, often at the cost of some original ones. The price paid in the creation of these lives is what Live wants to construct and explore. And for that, it can have all my money."'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Manik |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Escaype Live review: Potent critique of social media toxicity that is full of bright ideas |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/escaype-live-review-potent-critique-of-social-media-toxicity-that-is-full-of-bright-ideas-10696381.html |work=Firstpost}}</ref> The Binged review for the series states that ''"Escaype Live has an interesting, relevant-to-the-times premise".'' <ref>{{Cite news |date=May 22, 2022 |title=Escaype Live Review – Too Long, Tedious And Messy To Make An Impact |url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/escaype-live-web-series-review/}}</ref> Farhad Dalal for [[popcornreviewss.com]] wrote that ''"Escaype Live is a deliciously dark show which exposes the underbelly of social media".'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Dalal |first=Farhad |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Escaype Live Series Review |url=https://popcornreviewss.com/escaype-live-2022-series-review/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Contrastly, Rohan Naahar for ''[[The Indian Express]]'' opined that ''"Escaype Live is a monumentally irritating show that talks down to its audience with no regard for their time, money and patience"''. <ref>{{cite news |last=Naahar |first=Rohan |title=Escaype Live review: New Hotstar show is a bottom-of-the-barrel slog that talks down to its audience |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-hotstar-show-7925692/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 August 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=20 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=16 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816074815/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/escaype-live-review-hotstar-show-7925692/ |url-status=live }}{{rating|1|5}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=15128122}}
* [https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/escaype-live/1260099719 Escaype Live] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527080152/https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/escaype-live/1260099719 |date=27 May 2022 }} on [[Disney+ Hotstar]]

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related web series]]

Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi

2026-04-26T04:49:09Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating the entry w/ sources

{{Short description|2026 Telugu film by Kishore Tirumala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi
| image = Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kishore Tirumala]]
| producer = [[Sudhakar Cherukuri]]
| writer = Kishore Tirumala
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Ravi Teja]]
* [[Ashika Ranganath]]
* [[Dimple Hayathi]]}}
| music = [[Bheems Ceciroleo]]
| cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = [[SLV Cinemas]]
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2026|1|13|df=yes}}
| runtime = 130 minutes<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayu Laku WignyaPthi : సెన్సార్ కంప్లీట్ చేసుకున్న రవితేజ ‘భర్త మహాశయులకు విజ్ఞప్తి’ .. |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/bhartha-mahasayulu-ku-vignapthi-censor-update-ravi-teja-921273.html |work=[[NTV Telugu]] |date=11 January 2026 |language=te-IN}}</ref><ref name=":THR" />
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi''''' ({{translation|An Appeal to Husbands}}) is a 2026 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama film]] written and directed by [[Kishore Tirumala]]. The film was produced by [[Sudhakar Cherukuri]] under the banner [[SLV Cinemas]]. The film stars [[Ravi Teja]], [[Ashika Ranganath]], and [[Dimple Hayathi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignapthi’ release: Is Ravi Teja ditching his ‘Mass Maharaja’ title ahead of Sankranti release; here is what we know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignapthi-release-is-ravi-teja-ditching-his-mass-maharaja-title-ahead-of-sankranti-release-here-is-what-we-know/articleshow/126103205.cms |work=The Times of India |date=21 December 2025}}</ref> It was released on 13 January 2026.

==Plot==
Ram, a [[winemaker]] from [[Hyderabad]], makes a wine called "Anarkali" and submits it to [[United Spirits]], a company based in [[Spain]]. However, the company rejects the wine despite its best quality. Ram takes it personally and visits Spain along with his PA, Leela, to convince the company's management, headed by Manasa Shetty. They learn that she has rejected the wine based on the advice of her PA, Vinda. Ram hides his true identity and introduces himself as Satya to Manasa. He convinces Manasa to accept Anarkali while also exposing Vinda, who cheats Manasa by collaborating with the rival company. Manasa becomes fond of Ram, and they engage in [[casual sex]]. Ram, however, hides the fact that he is already married to Balamani. They both part ways, and Ram returns to India.

Ram consults psychologist Kamalasan Naidu for therapy, who advises Ram that he is not at fault and he should forget Manasa. Meanwhile, Manasa arrives in Hyderabad for a wine festival and comes across Ram. She tells Ram that she'll be in Hyderabad for 2 weeks and asks Ram to give her company. Naidu advises Ram to manage Manasa for a few more days until she leaves India.

Ram with the help of Leela tries to hide about Manasa from Balamani. Despite his best attempts, Ram gets close to being busted by Balamani. Ram feels guilty, and tells Manasa about his marriage. Manasa throws Ram out furiously. Later, Manasa gets drunk at a pub where she meets Balamani. Balamani hears Manasa's story and brings her home. Balamani also informs Manasa's brother, Rakesh, about this. Rakesh has a patchy relation with Manasa and wants to win her goodwill by taking revenge on Manasa's boyfriend.

Ram is shocked to see Manasa at his home. Rakesh asks Manasa about her boyfriend but she refuses to disclose, asking him to stay away. Manasa gives an ultimatum to Ram, asking him to choose between her and Balamani before she leaves India. Manasa also threatens to reveal the truth to Balamani if he didn't choose her.

Rakesh inquires about Manasa's activities in India. He learns that Manasa met her boyfriend at a travel company owned by Ram’s brother-in-law, Sudha, and Ram has visited Spain earlier. Rakesh also brings Vinda to India to reveal the truth. Rakesh figures out that Ram is Manasa's boyfriend and reveals the same to Balamani. Balamani refuses to believe and backs Ram as an ideal husband.

While returning to home, Ram reveals to Balamani that he cheated on her with Manasa during his visit to Spain. Balamani is left heartbroken. The following day, Ram, Balamani, and Manasa meet, where Ram accepts his mistake and asks for forgiveness. When Balamani and Manasa refuse to forgive, Ram attempts to suicide. At the hospital, Manasa tells Balamani that she deserves Ram more than her, and they should reunite. Balamani accepts Ram's mistake and forgives him.

In the end, [[breaking the fourth wall]], Ram advises the audience that inside every person, there are two voices: one is their own, which says, "It's wrong, don't do it" and the other is their alter ego's voice, which says, "It's okay, just do it, you only live once." He suggests listening to their own voice, which will lead to a happy life. Otherwise, listening to the alter ego might ruin it. He appeals to all the husbands out there to listen to their own voice.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Ravi Teja]] as Rayapati Rama Satya Narayana
* [[Ashika Ranganath]] as Manasa Shetty
* [[Dimple Hayathi]] as Balamani, Ram's wife
* [[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] as Sudharshan "Sudha", Ram's brother-in-law
* [[Vennela Kishore]] as Leela, Ram's PA
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Vinda alias Bellam, Manasa's PA
* Soniya Singh as Neeru aka Neeraja, Sudha's wife and Balamani's friend
* Tarak Ponnappa as Rakesh Shetty, Manasa's brother
* [[Getup Srinu]] as Manju, Rakesh's assitant
* [[Muralidhar Goud]] as Psychologist Kamalasan Naidu
* Kadambari Kiran as Doctor
* [[Ajay Ghosh]] as Goon
* [[Harsha Chemudu]] as Bangkok Sathya
* Vajja Venkata Giridhar
* Rohan Roy G as Trinetra
* Edin Rose as a guest at Manasa's friend's birthday party ("Karthika Deepam Remix" song)
}}

== Production ==
In March 2025, it was reported that [[Ravi Teja]] and director [[Kishore Tirumala]] were collaborating on an untitled project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja to star in a comedy film with director Kishore Tirumala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ravi-teja-to-star-in-a-comedy-film-with-director-kishore-tirumala/articleshow/118829532.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja’s next with Kishore Tirumala aiming for Sankranti 2026 race: Reports |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Mar/03/ravi-tejas-next-with-kishore-tirumala-aiming-for-sankranti-2026-race-reports |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=9 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja, Director Kishore Tirumala To Team Up For A Breezy Entertainer? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/ravi-teja-director-kishore-tirumala-to-team-up-for-a-breezy-entertainer-article-118835208/amp |work=[[Times Now]] |date=10 March 2025 |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313223551/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/ravi-teja-director-kishore-tirumala-to-team-up-for-a-breezy-entertainer-article-118835208/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> The production on the film began with the [[Muhurat shot|muhurtam puja shot]] held in [[Hyderabad]] on 5 June 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja’s RT76 Launched With Pooja, Set for Sankranthi 2026 Release |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/south-cinema/ravi-teja-rt76-goes-on-floors-hit-screens-sankranthi-2026-1777513/amp |work=[[ABP Live]] |date=5 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The principal photography began on 16 June 2025 under the tentative title ''RT76'', as it is Ravi Teja's seventy-sixth film.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Devulapally |first1=Aditya |title=Ravi Teja’s RT76 begins filming in Hyderabad |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Jun/16/ravi-tejas-rt76-begins-filming-in-hyderabad |work=Cinema Express |date=8 June 2025 |language=en |archive-date=16 July 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716054848/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/telugu/news/2025/Jun/16/ravi-tejas-rt76-begins-filming-in-hyderabad |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=Ravi Teja’s ‘RT76’ with Kishore Tirumala hits sets |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/ravi-tejas-rt76-with-kishore-tirumala-hits-sets-980561 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=17 June 2025 |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618045757/https://www.thehansindia.com/amp/cinema/ravi-tejas-rt76-with-kishore-tirumala-hits-sets-980561 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2025, it was reported that [[Ashika Ranganath]] and [[Ketika Sharma]] would play the other leads in this film.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja Locks January 2026 Release For His Next Film; Drops Teaser Poster |url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/features/insight/ravi-teja-locks-january-2026-release-for-his-next-film-drops-teaser-poster/amp |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |date=6 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The title of the film ''Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi'', was unveiled in October 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja’s RT76 to get a new title? |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/03/ravi-tejas-rt76-to-get-a-new-title |work=Cinema Express |date=3 October 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The same month, Ashika confirmed that she plays one of the leads.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ashika Ranganath confirms film with Ravi Teja |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/ashika-ranganath-confirms-film-with-ravi-teja |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=9 October 2025}}</ref> A few portions of the film were shot in [[Spain]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja and Ashika Ranganath shoot in scenic Spain |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/ravi-teja-and-ashika-ranganath-shoot-in-scenic-spain/amp |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=17 October 2025}}</ref> The makers confirmed the title in November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja’s next titled BMW; set for Sankranthi release |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Nov/10/ravi-tejas-next-titled-bmw-set-for-sankranthi-release |work=Cinema Express |date=4 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The same month, [[Dimple Hayathi]] confirmed to be playing the wife of the protagonist while Ashika plays the girlfriend role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dimple Hayathi shares BTS pic from RT76 song shoot |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/dimple-hayathi-shares-bts-pic-from-rt76-song-shoot |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=5 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ravi Teja’s ‘Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi’ |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/ravi-tejas-bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-title-glimpse-unveiled |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=10 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi teaser: Fun filled promise |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-teaser-fun-filled-promise |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=19 December 2025 |archive-date=20 December 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251220153701/https://telugucinema.com/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-teaser-fun-filled-promise |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=‘Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi’: Dimple Hayathi reveals her role in Ravi Teja’s film, a fresh avatar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-dimple-hayathi-reveals-her-role-in-ravi-tejas-film-a-fresh-avatar/articleshow/125712786.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2 December 2025 |archive-date=19 December 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219071121/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-dimple-hayathi-reveals-her-role-in-ravi-tejas-film-a-fresh-avatar/amp_articleshow/125712786.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> During the press meet, Kishore Tirumala revealed that he wrote the script based on his real-life experiences.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Kishore Tirumala: Many of my film stories come from personal experiences |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Dec/20/kishore-tirumala-many-of-my-film-stories-come-from-personal-experiences |work=Cinema Express |date=7 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[Bheems Ceciroleo]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Vaammo Vaayyo' from Ravi Teja-starrer Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2026/Jan/02/vaammo-vaayyo-from-ravi-teja-starrer-bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-out |work=Cinema Express |date=11 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 13:29
| title1 = Bella Bella
| music1 = [[Bheems Ceciroleo]]
| lyrics1 = Suresh Gangula
| extra1 = [[Nakash Aziz]], Rohini Sorrat
| length1 = 3:37
| title2 = Addham Mundhu
| music2 = Bheems Ceciroleo
| lyrics2 = [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]]
| extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Kapil Kapilan]]
| length2 = 3:55
| title3 = Vaammo Vaayyo
| music3 = Bheems Ceciroleo
| lyrics3 = Dev Pawer
| extra3 = Swathi Reddy UK
| length3 = 3:01
| title4 = [[Karthika Deepam (film)|Karthika Deepam]] Remix
| music4 = Bheems Ceciroleo, [[Satyam (composer)|Satyam]], [[Dhina]]
| lyrics4 = Devulapilli Krishna Sastry, Omkar Paritala
| extra4 = [[P. Susheela]], [[S. Janaki]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]]
| length4 = 2:56
}}

The remixed version of the song "[[Elluvachi Godaramma]]" is used in the [[end credits]] of the film's [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], and [[Malayalam]] dubbed versions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignnyapthi: ‘ఎల్లువొచ్చి గోదారమ్మ’కు మరో కొత్త అవతారం.. సత్య కామెడీ డాన్స్‌ టాప్ లెవల్! |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/ellu-vochi-godaramma-song-gets-a-fun-twist-in-ravi-tejas-bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignnyapthi-921987.html |work=[[NTV Telugu]] |date=13 January 2026 |language=te-IN}}</ref>

== Release ==
''Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi'' was released on 13 January 2026, coinciding with [[Makar Sankranti|Sankranthi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudhakar Cherukuri: Ravi Teja was very keen about a Sankranthi release for BMW |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Dec/21/sudhakar-cherukuri-ravi-teja-was-very-keen-about-a-sankranthi-release-for-bmw |work=Cinema Express |date=1 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Teaser: Ravi Teja Lands In Chaotic Mess In Film Co-starring Ashika Ranganath And Dimple Hayathi |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-bmw-teaser-ravi-teja-lands-in-chaotic-mess-in-film-co-starring-ashika-ranganath-and-dimple-hayathi-article-153318376 |work=[[Times Now]] |date=19 December 2025 |language=en |archive-date=19 December 2025 |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219133034/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-bmw-teaser-ravi-teja-lands-in-chaotic-mess-in-film-co-starring-ashika-ranganath-and-dimple-hayathi-article-153318376 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film premiered digitally on [[ZEE5]] on 13 March 2026, streaming in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi OTT release date confirmed: Ravi Teja starrer to stream on this date |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-ott-release-date-confirmed-ravi-teja-starrer-to-stream-on-this-date/articleshow/129364124.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 March 2026 |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Risha Ganguly of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "''Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi'' banks heavily on Ravi Teja’s charm and a seasoned comedy cast, but its predictable plot and weak second half hold it back. While the first half offers mild entertainment, the lack of novelty and emotional depth makes the film feel dated."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Movie Review: Mass Maharaja Ravi Teja's Charisma, Comedy Saves Unoriginal Plot |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-mass-maharaja-ravi-teja-charisma-comedy-saves-unoriginal-plot-review-153440259/amp |work=Times Now |date=13 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Swaroop Kodur of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "Kishore Tirumala’s film is predictable in many ways, but the ensemble cast elevates the material whenever needed."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kodur |first1=Swaroop |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi movie review: Ravi Teja returns with a breezy comedy |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-ravi-teja-returns-with-a-breezy-comedy-10471131/lite/ |work=The Indian Express |date=13 January 2026 |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2026 |access-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113105156/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-ravi-teja-returns-with-a-breezy-comedy-10471131/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sandeep Athreya of ''[[Sakshi Post]]'' rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote, "It may not be path-breaking, but it is sincere in intent and effective in execution for the most part."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaki Wignyapthi (BMW) Review: Ravi Teja and Kishore Tirumala Deliver Sankranti Fun Film |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/entertainment/bhartha-mahasayulaki-wignyapthi-bmw-review-ravi-teja-and-kishore-tirumala-deliver |work=[[Sakshi Post]] |date=13 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Srivathsan Nadadhur of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Writer-director Kishore Tirumala’s Telugu film has a few funny episodes, although it fails to bring anything new to an already wafer-thin premise".<ref name=":THR">{{cite news |last1=Nadadhur |first1=Srivathsan |title=‘Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi’ movie review: Ravi Teja’s comedy is watchable but generic |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-director-kishore-tirumalas-telugu-film-stars-ravi-teja-dimple-hayathi-and-ashika-ranganath/article70504811.ece |work=The Hindu |date=13 January 2026 |language=en-IN |archive-date=13 January 2026 |access-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113102053/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-director-kishore-tirumalas-telugu-film-stars-ravi-teja-dimple-hayathi-and-ashika-ranganath/article70504811.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Jalapathi Gudelli of ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Kishore Tirumala does not offer anything new, except placing Ravi Teja in an entertaining and lighter-vein setup. While the film has its fun moments, the dragged sequences and predictable ending turn it into a missed opportunity."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Review: Partly fun, partly familier |url=https://telugucinema.com/reviews/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-review-partly-fun-partly-familier |work=[[Telugucinema.com]] |date=13 January 2026}}</ref> Shreya Varanasi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Overall, ''Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi'' works in parts, largely because of its comedy. With a thin storyline and an uneven second half, it remains an average, one-time watch."<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Movie Review: Two heroines, one Ravi Teja & a few too many familiar tropes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi/movie-review/126506691.cms |work=The Times of India |date=13 January 2026 |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2026 |access-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113183211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi/movie-review/126506691.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Suresh Kavirayani of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' rated the film 2/5 stars and wrote, "There are a few laughs here and there, but overall, the film fails to impress and falls short of Kishore Tirumala’s usual standards. Many jokes are lifted directly from social media instead of being organically written."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kavirayani |first1=Suresh |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Movie Review: A routine drama of husband, wife, and girlfriend |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2026/Jan/13/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi-movie-review-a-routine-drama-of-husband-wife-and-girlfriend |work=Cinema Express |date=13 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Suhas Sistu of ''[[The Hans India]]'' wrote, "Overall, the film offers light, mindless entertainment with a few enjoyable moments, though sharper writing could have elevated it further."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sistu |first1=Suhas |title=‘Bhartha Mahasayulaki Wignyapthi’ review: Just for few laughs |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/bhartha-mahasayulaki-wignyapthi-review-just-for-few-laughs-1039160 |work=The Hans India |date=13 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> BVS Prakash of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' wrote, "Known for his punchlines and comic timing, the actor is let down by the familiar storyline."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prakash |first1=B. V. S. |title=Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi Review: Ravi Teja’s Entertainer Bites the Dust |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/bhartha-mahasayulaki-wignyapthi-review-ravi-tejas-entertainer-bites-the-dust |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=13 January 2026 |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2026 |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114040605/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/bhartha-mahasayulaki-wignyapthi-review-ravi-tejas-entertainer-bites-the-dust |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|36017918}}
* ''[https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/bhartha-mahasayulaku-wignyapthi/0-0-1z5916299 Bhartha Mahasayulaku Wignyapthi]'' on [[ZEE5]]
{{Kishore Tirumala}}
[[Category:2026 films]]
[[Category:2026 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Telugu-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2026 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Bheems Ceciroleo]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kishore Tirumala]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Spain]]
[[Category:2026 Indian films]]

Battle of Delhi

2026-04-26T03:52:50Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating the info and citations

'''Battle of Delhi''' may refer to:

* [[Mongol invasion of India (1303)]], by the Chagatai Khanate against the Delhi Sultanate under the Khalji dynasty
* [[Sack of Delhi (1398)]], by the Timurid Empire from the Delhi Sultanate under the Tughlaq dynasty
* [[Battle of Tughlaqabad|Battle of Tughlaqabad (1556)]], fought between the Mughal Empire and forces under Hemu Vikramaditya
* [[Sack of Delhi|Sack of Delhi (1739)]], by the forces of Nader Shah
* [[Sack of Delhi (1757)]], by the forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani
* [[Battle of Delhi (1757)]], fought between the Maratha Empire and Rohillas
* [[Capture of Delhi (1760)|Capture of Delhi 1760]] fought between Maratha forces under Sadashivrao Bhau against the Durrani Empire
* [[Battle of Delhi (1764)]], fought between Bharatpur State and the Mughal Empire
* [[Capture of Delhi (1771)]], by the Maratha Empire from Rohillas under Zabita Khan
* [[Battle of Delhi (1783)]], fought between the Sikh Confederacy and the Mughal Empire
* [[Capture of Delhi (1788)]], fought between the Maratha Empire and Rohilla—Mughal alliance
*[[Maratha–Sikh clashes#List of major battles|Battle of Delhi (1793)]], Marathas repulsed Sikhs attacking Delhi
* [[Battle of Delhi (1803)]], fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire, as part of the Second Anglo-Maratha War
* [[Siege of Delhi (1804)]], by British East India Company against the Maratha Empire, following the 1803 battle
* [[Siege of Delhi|Siege of Delhi (1857)]], by the British East India Company against the Mughal Empire, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857

== See also ==
* [[Capture of Delhi (disambiguation)]]
* [[Delhi (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation}}

Hira Singh Markam

2026-04-25T16:11:02Z

Daljeetbhutal: put up biography.

{{Short description|Indian politician (1942–2020)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hira Singh Markam
| birth_date = {{birth date|1942|01|14|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|10|28|1942|01|14|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| citizenship = Indian
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]
| spouse = Ram Kunwar Markam (m. 1958)
| children = 3
| office = President of the [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]
| term_start = 13 January 1991
| term_end = 28 October 2020
| predecessor = ''position established''
| successor = [[Tuleshwar Singh Markam]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Chhattisgarh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]] Legislative Assemblies{{efn|The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly was formed in 2000 from 90 constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, when the state was split.}}
| predecessor2 = Bodhram
| term_start2 = 1998
| successor2 = Ram Dayal Uikey
| term_end2 = 2003
| term_start3 = 1985
| term_end3 = 1990
| predecessor3 = Lalkriti Kumar Singh
| successor3 = Amol Singh Salam
| constituency3 = [[Pali-Tanakhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pali-Tanakhar]]
| birth_place = Tiwarta, [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]] (now [[Korba District]])
| native_name_lang = hi
| image =
| education =
}}
'''Hira Singh Markam''' (14 January 1942 – 28 October 2020) was an Indian politician who founded [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]], a regional political party based in Chhattisgarh. He has served as the member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[Pali-Tanakhar Assembly constituency|Pali-Tanakhar]] since 1998 to 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hira Singh Markam Gondwana Congress Party Candidate 2018 विधानसभा चुनाव परिणाम Pali-tanakhar|url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/chhattisgarh/candidates/hira-singh-markam-gondwana%20congress%20party-2018-pali-tanakhar-23|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Heera Singh Markam(GGP):Constituency- PALI-TANAKHAR(KORBA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate:|url=https://myneta.info/chhattisgarh2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=572|access-date=2020-08-09|website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=MP Election 2018 : सपा-गोंगपा का गठबंधन कायम, भ्रम फैला रहे विपक्षी दल: मरकाम|url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-mp-election-2018-sp-gongpa-coalition-not-broken-said-markam-18681812.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=m.jagran.com|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-21|title=मध्य प्रदेश विधानसभा चुनाव: कांग्रेस को लगा एक और झटका, इस पार्टी से तालमेल मुश्किल|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/madhya-pradesh-chhattisgarh/will-contest-chhattisgarh-madhya-pradesh-polls-with-sp-tie-up-with-congress-unlikely-gondwana-party-chief/459778|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Zee Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Hira Singh Markam was born on 14 January 1942 as the youngest of four brothers into a farmer's family of Dev Shay Markam and Sonkunwar Markam at Tiwarta village of [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district, Madhya Pradesh]] (now in [[Korba district|Korba district, Chhattisgarh]]).

Three brothers and four sisters among them. Name of elder brother Charan Singh Markam, Heera Singh Markam and younger brother Nirmal Singh Markam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=छत्तीसगढ़ के कोरबा में चार नामांकन पर्चे दाखिल|url=https://www.jagran.com/news/national-four-nomination-papers-filed-in-korba-chhattisgarh-10832607.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=m.jagran.com|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-09|title='दो भैसों की लड़ाई में पूरा देश चौपट हो गया'- हीरा सिंह मरकाम|url=https://www.sarassalil.in/politics/hindi-interview-of-heera-markam|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Saras Salil|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Candidate Wise Expenditure Details {{!}} District Administration Korba {{!}} India|url=https://korba.gov.in/document-category/candidate-wise-expenditure-details/page/3/|access-date=2020-08-09|language=en-US}}</ref>
Hira Singh Markam was married in the year 1958 and the wife's name is Mrs. Ram Kunwar Markam, who is not educated, nor has she ever tried to read till date. He has three children. The eldest daughter is Geeta Markam who now writes Dimension [husband's surname]. The eldest son's name is Tuleshwar Markam and the younger son's name is Liladhar Markam. All the children are married and all are successfully performing their tasks. All are living happy lives.

=== Education ===
Hira Singh Markam did his primary education in the village itself. Because there was no government or private school in the village. An educated person used to give primary education to some children of the village. Instead, they used to give them rice every day. Master Sahib, who taught him from the first to the third grade, was the first minister in the village zamindar, who was made a teacher by the villagers. Then three years later a government school was formed in the village. Where hira Singh Markam enrolled in fourth grade. From there, he got education in [[Hindi]], [[Geography]], [[Mathematics]] and Grammar composition and thus he completed primary school from the village.
There was no secondary school around the village of Hira Singh Markam. There used to be only schools of Janpad Panchayat. Therefore, in 1952, he enrolled in a secondary school in Suri village, about 40 km from his village. Since there was no government hostel, all the arrangements had to be made by themselves. Pulses, rice, oil, spices and bedding all had to be taken from home. The school used to run in a zamindar's old mansion. After completing my studies from Suri to seventh grade, I went to the Katghora Tehsil Headquarters for a year, from where I passed the eighth grade in the year 1955-56 from an institution called Shiksha Vikas Samiti. As there was no high school at the Tehsil headquarters, he remained seated at home for a year. After that, he passed the examination for admission to Basic Teachers Training School and then did a one-year course, which passed the examination in 1957-58. After this, they started trying for jobs. He sat idle for 14 months after training. Finally on 2 August 1960, he was appointed as a teacher in the Primary School.

== Political career ==
In the year 1960, Hira Singh Markam got a job in the village ralia for the post of government teacher. Then he passed the Higher Secondary School examination from [[Bhopal]] as a 1964 private student. Then he continued to work till the year 1977 as a primary school teacher at Pondi Upora, 12 km from [[Katghora|Katghora tahsil]]. When he was transferred from Pondi Uproora, he was a V teacher in another school for 4 months. Then he got his transfer done in July 1978 in his village Tiwarta Primary School. While he was in Upora, Usain got his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] from there. Completed the first year and then came to the village and passed the examination of second year and third year in the year 1979 and 1980 respectively. Now he was graduated. He was [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] from [[Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University|Pandit Ravi Shankar Shukla University Raipur]]. He did his [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] in the year 1984 from [[Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya|Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur]]. In which he got the us [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|Gold Medal.]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-14|title=गोंगपा प्रमुख हीरा सिंह मरकाम ने कहा अगर गठबंधन हुआ तो कांग्रेस से ही|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/chhatisgarh/raipur/news/latest-raipur-news-033015-2466799.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>
It was 1980 when I was working as a teacher in a government school in my village. Many teachers were then being harassed in the name of transfer-posting. Demotion of senior teachers was also being done. I raised my voice against the injustice and oppression on the teachers and opened a front against Kunwar Balwan Singh, the Basic Education Officer of the district. I had become recognized as a militant teacher leader. Assembly elections were underway at the same time. Since I was socially and educationally aware, I wanted to solve the problems of the society on a large scale and this showed me a golden opportunity when I could help the society and people in a good way. Then I resigned from [[Public service|government service]] on April 2, 1980 and jumped into the election from [[Pali-Tanakhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Pali-Tanakhar assembly constituency]]. Despite being an independent candidate, I got second place in the election and from here my political identity was made.
The second election was contested by [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] ticket in the year 1985-86 and reached the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh Assembly]] for the first time. I opposed the party in the 1990 [[Lok Sabha]] elections. The party made the outsider its candidate instead of the local. When the party ignored me; Then I contested against BJP from [[Janjgir-Champa (Lok Sabha constituency)|Janjgir-Chapa]] Lok Sabha constituency in the year 1990-91 as a rebel candidate, but lost.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pali-tanakhar Election Results 2018 LIVE: Pali-tanakhar Assembly Election Results, Winner, Runner-Up & Vote Share – Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/pali-tanakhar-assembly-elections-cg-23/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=www.oneindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Will contest Chhattisgarh, MP polls with Samajwadi Party; tie-up with Congress unlikely: Gondwana party chief|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/will-contest-chhattisgarh-mp-polls-with-samajwadi-party-tie-up-with-congress-unlikely-gondwana-party-chief/story-SEYO5sA8uz4tkHJAZyRLgL.html|access-date=2020-08-09|website=hindustantimes.com|language=en}}</ref>

=== The establishment of Gondwana Ganatantra Party ===
In the nineties, when the entire Gondwana region was under the influence of [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] and [[Kanshi Ram]] and there was no way to save the Gondi culture-religion. Then in such a situation the idea of forming [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party|Gondwana Gantantra Party]] came up. The foundation of the [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]] was laid down only in December 1990, but it was officially announced on 13 January 1991.

== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[Tuleshwar Singh Markam]]
* [[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:People from Korba district]]
[[Category:Indian political party founders]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]

Leta Manasulu (1966 film)

2026-04-25T04:49:52Z

Daljeetbhutal: made first info needs work

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Leta Manasulu
| image = Leta Manasulu 1966 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Krishnan–Panju]]
| producer = [[A. V. Meiyappan]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]] [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] [[Kutty Padmini]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1966|9|16|ref1=}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Leta Manasulu''''' ({{Translation|Tender Hearts}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language film directed by [[Krishnan–Panju]] and produced by [[A. V. Meiyappan]] under [[AVM Productions]] banner. The film stars [[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] and [[Kutty Padmini]]. It is a remake of the 1965 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film ''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]'' which itself was an adaptation of the 1961 film ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'', in turn based on [[Erich Kästner]]'s 1949 German novel ''[[Lisa and Lottie]]'' ({{langx|de|Das doppelte Lottchen}}).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tanmayi |first=Bhawana |date=10 September 2017 |title=Letha Manasulu was released in 1966 and was one of the big hits of the year |work=[[Telangana Today]] |url=https://telanganatoday.com/letha-manasulu-released-1966-and-was-one-big-hits-year |url-status=live |access-date=14 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204232555/https://telanganatoday.com/letha-manasulu-released-1966-and-was-one-big-hits-year |archive-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> The film was released on 16 September 1966.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2018-06-22 |title=Letha Manasulu (1966) |language= |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/letha-manasulu-1966/article24226833.ece |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220010841/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/letha-manasulu-1966/article24226833.ece |archive-date=20 December 2021 |issn=}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=September 2021}}
Satyabhama and Shekhar's love withstands the test of time. They end up getting married, and together they have identical twins. A family feud separates the twins, but destiny brings them back together. The twins find out they are siblings and agree to switch places. Twins Padmini "Puppy" and Lalitha "Lalli" decide to reunite their separated parents.

== Cast ==
*[[Haranath (actor)|Haranath]] as Chandrasekhar "Sekhar"
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Satyabhama "Bhama"
*[[Kutty Padmini]] as Padmini "Puppy" and Lalitha "Lalli" (Dual role)
*[[Relangi (actor)|Relangi]] as Shambhulingam
*[[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Sundaram
*Jagga Rao as Jambu
*[[G. Varalakshmi]] as Kanaka Durgamma
*[[Geetanjali (actress)|Geethanjali]] as Nirmala
*[[Manimala (actress)|Manimala]] as Janaki
*Kanakam as Jalajamma

== Soundtrack ==
All songs composed by M. S. Viswanathan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letha Manasulu (1966)-Song_Booklet |url=https://indiancine.ma/documents/CZF/info |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221216065307/https://indiancine.ma/documents/CZF/info |archive-date=16 December 2022 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
* "Andaala Ee Reyi" -
* "Andaala O Chilaka" -
* "Andaala O Chilaka" (Sad) -
* "Hello Madam Satyabhama"-
* "Kodi Oka Konalo"-
* "Makkuva Teerchava"-
* "Pillalu Devudu Challanivaare"-

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0234094}}

{{Lottie and Lisa}}
{{Krishnan–Panju}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1966 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films based on Lottie and Lisa]]
[[Category:Films directed by Krishnan–Panju]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Telugu remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1966 drama films]]

Begum Jaan (2017 film)

2026-04-23T18:53:06Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating initial stub needs work.

{{short description|2017 Indian film by Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Begum Jaan
| image = Begum Jaan.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Srijit Mukherji]]
| producer = [[Mukesh Bhatt]] [[Vishesh Bhatt]] Mahendra Soni [[Shrikant Mohta]]
| writer = [[Kausar Munir]] '''(Dialogue)'''
| screenplay = Srijit Mukherji Kausar Munir
| story = Sumair Malik
| based_on = [[Rajkahini]]
| starring = [[Vidya Balan]] [[Ila Arun]] [[Naseeruddin Shah]] [[Rajit Kapoor]] [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] [[Vivek Mushran]] [[Chunky Pandey]] [[Gauahar Khan]] [[Pallavi Sharda]] [[Mishti]]
| narrator = [[Amitabh Bachchan]]
| music = [[Anu Malik]] (songs) [[Indraadip Dasgupta]] (Background score)
| cinematography = [[Gopi Bhagat]]
| editing = Monisha R. Baldawa Vivek Mishra
| studio = [[Vishesh Films]] [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] Play Entertainments Khurana Productions
| distributor = NH Studioz (India) White Hill Studios ([[North America]]) Magic Cloud (Overseas)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2017|4|14}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}19 crore<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3510/ |title=Begum Jaan |work=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528032624/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3510/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| gross = {{INR|link=yes}}30.6 crore<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-begum-jaan/ |title=Box Office: Worldwide collections and day wise break up of Begum Jaan |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |publisher=Hungama Digital Media Entertainment |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=15 April 2017 |author=Bollywood Hungama News Network |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713042606/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/box-office-special-features/box-office-worldwide-collections-day-wise-break-begum-jaan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

'''''Begum Jaan''''' is a 2017 Indian [[Bollywood|Hindi]] [[period drama]] film. It is directed and co-written by [[National Film Award]]-winning director [[Srijit Mukherji]] in his Hindi directional debut and produced by [[Mukesh Bhatt]], [[Vishesh Bhatt]] and Play Entertainment. The film is co-produced by Sakshi Bhatt and [[Shree Venkatesh Films]] with executive producer Kumkum Saigal. The cinematography is done by Gopi Bhagat. Lyrics, additional screenplay and dialogues have been penned by [[Kausar Munir]] and [[Rahat Indori]].

The film was released on 14 April 2017.<ref name="pp">{{cite news |last=Ray |first=Dhritiman |title=Mahesh Bhatt's Rajkahini remake being shot in Jharkhand |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mahesh-Bhatts-Rajkahini-remake-being-shot-in-Jharkhand/articleshow/52890427.cms |date=14 April 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=14 April 2016 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402112039/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Mahesh-Bhatts-Rajkahini-remake-being-shot-in-Jharkhand/articleshow/52890427.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Vidya Balan]] plays the lead role of a brothel's madam, set against the backdrop of the Independence movement of India and Pakistan in 1947. It is a Hindi remake of the critically acclaimed Bengali film ''[[Rajkahini]]'' (2015). The film managed to recover its costs and was declared "average" commercially.

== Plot ==
The movie opens with a small family and a young couple travelling in public transport late at night. While the family is alighting at their stop, a group of drunk goons gets into the bus and harasses the couple and tries to rape the woman; an elderly woman saves the girl, undressing herself. The movie then goes back to 1947. In August 1947, after [[India]] sought independence from the British, the Last Viceroy of India, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Mountbatten]], gave [[Cyril Radcliffe]] the responsibility of dividing India into two parts – [[India]] and [[Pakistan]]. Radcliffe drew two lines – one in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] and another in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]]. This line was known as the [[Radcliffe Line]].

After several failed attempts by British officials to convince Begum Jaan and her team to leave despite giving them a month's notice, as a last resort, Hari and Ilyas enlist the help of Kabir, an infamous killer in Sonapur, to threaten Begum with her members to vacate the brothel. Kabir proceeds to kill Begum's beloved dogs, even feeding their meat to Begum and her girls. Raja Sahib returns to the brothel one day to inform Begum Jaan that his efforts to save her brothel have failed and now she must vacate the brothel. Begum, who was hopeful of help from Raja Sahib, is shocked and dismayed. Still, she stubbornly tells Raja Sahib, come what may, she'd rather die in her house like a queen than die on the streets like a beggar. As a result of Kabir's intimidation tactics, Begum asks Salim to train every one of her girls to use weapons and fight back. Intensive training practice sessions are held. Kabir then kills Sujeet while he is returning from the market with a few girls of the brothel. He persuades the girls to escape while sacrificing his life. This killing enrages Begum Jaan and her members further.

Meanwhile, Masterji, Laadli's teacher, is in love with Begum Jaan and proposes to her, unaware that another prostitute named Gulabo harbours feelings for him. Begum Jaan rejects his proposal and asks him to leave, leading an irate Masterji to concoct a plan to kill her. He convinces Gulabo to run away from the brothel, betraying Begum Jaan. Gulabo does so, but Masterji spurns her and gets her raped by his accomplices inside a horse carriage. She vows vengeance.

On the night of partition, Kabir and his men attacked the brothel. Laadli, her mother, and Shabnam are forced to run away and are attacked by the policeman, Shyam Singh, who seeks benefit from them, but Laadli undresses herself, which reminds him of his ten-year-old daughter, and he cries and asks her to stop. Begum and the girls fight back, but to no avail. Gulabo returns and later slits Masterji's throat while he is witnessing the attack on the brothel by Kabir and his goons. However, she has been badly assaulted by Masterji's accomplices and dies. The goons throw lighted torches inside the brothel, causing the building to be engulfed in flames. Begum Jaan and her girls put up a determined fight. Many are killed. She and her four surviving members smile while looking at their home being set ablaze; they walk inside the building and shut the doors. They burn to death as Amma narrates the story of [[Rani Padmini|Rani Padmavati of Chittorgarh]], who refused to fall into the hands of the enemy and instead martyred herself and died a valiant death, just like Begum Jaan.

As the movie ends, Ilyas and Hari are seen to be remorseful of their actions; Ilyas shoots himself, and we are shown the remains of the brothel and the end to the Begum Jaan legacy. In the present, the old lady turned out to be Laadli, who undressed herself to save the couple; upon seeing her, the goons run away in fear. As the goons flee, a very old Laadli leaves by supporting the injured couple.

== Cast ==
{{div col}}
*[[Vidya Balan]] as Begum Jaan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/movies-to-look-forward-to/begum-jaan-first-look-vidya-balan-looks-menacing-as-the-madam-of-a-brothel/photostory/56332651.cms |title=Movies to look forward to |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=13 July 2018 |author=TNN |access-date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=21 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221200318/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/movies-to-look-forward-to/begum-jaan-first-look-vidya-balan-looks-menacing-as-the-madam-of-a-brothel/photostory/56332651.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Ila Arun]] as Amma<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ila-arun-acting-singing-music-theatre-vidya-balan-begum-jaan-bollywood-news/17993181 |title=Ila Arun: Like acting a bit more than singing |work=[[Mid-Day]] |publisher=Mid-Day Infomedia |first=Soumya Vajpayee |last=Tiwari |date=14 February 2017 |access-date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=3 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303122835/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/ila-arun-acting-singing-music-theatre-vidya-balan-begum-jaan-bollywood-news/17993181 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Gauahar Khan]] as Rubina<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-07-11/Gauhar-Khan-preparing-for-sex-workers-role-in-Begum-Jaan-remake-of-Bengali-film-Rajkahini/241377 |author=IANS |publisher=Hyderabad Media House |title=Gauhar Khan preparing for sex worker's role in Begum Jaan, remake of Bengali film Rajkahini |work=[[The Hans India]] |access-date=14 April 2017 |date=11 July 2016 |archive-date=3 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303043208/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-07-11/Gauhar-Khan-preparing-for-sex-workers-role-in-Begum-Jaan-remake-of-Bengali-film-Rajkahini/241377 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Pallavi Sharda]] as Gulabo<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pallavi-sharda-lucky-to-observe-vidya-balan-act/articleshow/57164337.cms |title=Pallavi Sharda feels 'lucky' to work with Vidya Balan in 'Begum Jaan' |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=14 April 2017 |author=PTI |date=15 February 2017 |archive-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218125016/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/pallavi-sharda-lucky-to-observe-vidya-balan-act/articleshow/57164337.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Priyanka Setia as Jameela
* [[Ridheema Tiwari]] as Amba<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidya-Balan-gets-her-team-of-warriors-for-Begum-Jaan/articleshow/52614100.cms |title=Vidya Balan gets her team of 'warriors' for 'Begum Jaan' |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |access-date=14 April 2017 |first=Avinash |last=Lohana |date=28 January 2017 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610051122/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Vidya-Balan-gets-her-team-of-warriors-for-Begum-Jaan/articleshow/52614100.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Flora Saini]] as Maina
*Raviza Chauhan as Lata
*Poonam Rajput as Rani
*[[Indrani Chakraborty|Mishti]] as Shabnam
*[[Gracy Goswami]] as Laadli
*[[Pitobash Tripathy]] as Surjeet
*[[Sumit Nijhawan]] as Salim
*[[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as Hari Prasad
*[[Chunky Pandey]] as Kabir
*[[Rajit Kapoor]] as Iliyas Khan
*[[Vivek Mushran]] as Masterji
*[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Shyam
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Raja Sahib
* [[Ashok Dhanuka]] as Sardar [[Vallabhbhai Patel]]
* Sanjay Gurbaxani as [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* Dicky Banerjee as [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
* Patrick Eyre as [[Louis Mountbatten]]
* Steve Burroughs as [[Hastings Ismay]]
* Raja Biswas as [[Cyril Radcliffe]]
* Dilip Dave as an old customer of Gulabo
{{div col end}}

=== Characters ===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Actor
!Character in Begum Jaan
!Actor/ Character in Rajkahini
|-
| [[Vidya Balan]]
| Begum Jaan
| [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
|-
| [[Ila Arun]]
| Amma
| [[Lily Chakravarty]]
|-
| [[Gauahar Khan]]
| Rubina
| [[Jaya Ahsan]]
|-
| [[Pallavi Sharda]]
| Gulabo
| [[Parno Mittra]] (Golap)
|-
| Priyanka Setia
| Jameela
| [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] (Juthika)
|-
| Raviza Chauhan
| Lata
| [[Priyanka Sarkar]]
|-
| [[Ridheema Tiwari]]
| Amba
| [[Saayoni Ghosh]] (Koli)
|-
| [[Flora Saini]]
| Maina
| [[Sohini Sarkar]] (Duli)
|-
| [[Mishti]]
| Shabnam
| [[Riddhima Ghosh]] (Fatima/ Shabnam)
|-
| Poonam Rajput
| Rani
| [[Ena Saha]] (Banno)
|-
| [[Gracy Goswami]]
| Laadli
| [[Ditipriya Roy]] (Bunchki)
|-
| [[Sumit Nijhawan]]
| Salim Mirza
| [[Nigel Akkara]]
|-
| [[Vivek Mushran]]
| Master
| [[Abir Chatterjee]]
|-
| [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
| Hari Prasad
| [[Saswata Chatterjee]] (Prafulla Sen)
|-
| [[Rajit Kapoor]]
| Ilyas Khan
| [[Kaushik Sen]] (Muhammad Ilyas)
|-
| [[Chunkey Pandey]]
| Kabir
| [[Jisshu Sengupta]]
|-
| [[Naseeruddin Shah]]
| Raja Sahib
| [[Rajatava Dutta]] (Nawab)
|-
| [[Pitobash Tripathy]]
| Surjeet
| [[Rudranil Ghosh]] (Sujan)
|-
| [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]
| Shyam
| [[Kanchan Mallick]] (Shashi Babu)
|}

== Production ==
This film is the remake of a Bengali film, ''[[Rajkahini]]'', which was released in 2015. Principal photography of the film began in June 2016 and was completed in August 2016 in Ranishwar block of Dumka district in Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/begum-jaan-shooting-to-start-in-june-srijit-mukherji-2760007/ |title='Begum Jaan' shooting to start in June: Srijit Mukherji |date=14 April 2016 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |author=IANS |access-date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=4 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304035652/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/begum-jaan-shooting-to-start-in-june-srijit-mukherji-2760007/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vidya-balan-wraps-up-begum-jaan-2243801 |title=Vidya Balan wraps up 'Begum Jaan' |date=14 August 2016 |work=[[Daily News & Analysis]] |access-date=14 April 2017 |author=ANI |publisher=Diligent Media Corporation |archive-date=13 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713043812/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vidya-balan-wraps-up-begum-jaan-2243801 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Begum Jaan
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Anu Malik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|03|14}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/begum-jaan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1222677927 |title=Begum Jaan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |work=[[Apple Music]] |date=7 April 2017 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230720/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/begum-jaan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1222677927 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 26:29
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Times Music]] [[Saregama]] (for "Woh Subah")
| producer =
| prev_title = Shubh Mangal Savdhan
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|VblWIVierb0|Audio Jukebox}}}}
}}

The music for the film is composed by [[Anu Malik]] and [[Kausar Munir]] has written the lyrics for songs. The soundtrack was released by [[Times Music]]. Prem Mein Tohre, sung by Asha Bhosle, was launched on 14 February 2017 to high praise.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/prem-mein-tohre-asha-bhosles-song-from-begum-jaan-explores-vulnerabilities-of-sex-workers-3350442.html |title='Prem Mein Tohre' from Begum Jaan: Asha Bhosle's song explores vulnerabilities of sex workers |date=14 February 2017 |work=Showsha |publisher=Firstpost |author=FP Staff |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=24 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324122826/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/prem-mein-tohre-asha-bhosles-song-from-begum-jaan-explores-vulnerabilities-of-sex-workers-3350442.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For the second song, Aazaadiyan brought together Sonu Nigam and Rahat Fateh Ali Khan.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aazaadiyan-from-begum-jaan-sonu-nigam-and-rahat-fateh-ali-khan-create-magic-with-the-second-track/articleshow/57913396.cms |title='Aazaadiyan' from 'Begum Jaan': Sonu Nigam and Rahat Fateh Ali Khan create magic with the second track |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |date=30 March 2017 |author=Ajit |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=31 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331002301/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/aazaadiyan-from-begum-jaan-sonu-nigam-and-rahat-fateh-ali-khan-create-magic-with-the-second-track/articleshow/57913396.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The full music album was released on 6 April 2017. On 9 April 2017, the sixth song of this album, "Woh Subah" was released. This song is a recreated version of the song "Woh Subah Kabhi To Aayegi" from the 1958 Bollywood movie, [[Phir Subah Hogi]], composed by [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]] and written by [[Sahir Ludhiyanvi]]. The original song was voiced by [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] and [[Asha Bhosle]], while the new version had the voices of [[Arijit Singh]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]]. On 12 April 2017, the last song of this album, "Murshida", was released as a "bonus track".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Begum-Jaan-Bonus-Track/Murshida/O100Bh5WAlc |title=Murshida |first=Arijit |last=Singh |date=12 April 2017 |publisher=[[Saavn]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117190528/https://www.saavn.com/s/song/hindi/Begum-Jaan-Bonus-Track/Murshida/O100Bh5WAlc |url-status=live }}</ref> This song is penned by [[Rahat Indori]] and sung by [[Arijit Singh]].

{{track listing
| all_music = [[Anu Malik]]
| all_lyrics = [[Kausar Munir]]
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 36:08
| title1 = Prem Mein Tohre
| extra1 = [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length1 = 3:58
| title2 = Aazaadiyan
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Rahat Fateh Ali Khan]]
| length2 = 6:41
| title3 = O Re Kaharo
| extra3 = [[Kalpana Patowary]], Altamash Faridi
| length3 = 5:48
| title4 = Holi Khelein
| extra4 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Anmol Malik]]
| length4 = 6:03
| title5 = Prem Mein Tohre (Reprise)
| extra5 = [[Kavita Seth]]
| length5 = 3:58
| title6 = Woh Subah
| extra6 = [[Arijit Singh]], Shreya Ghoshal
| length6 = 4:15
| title7 = Murshida
| extra7 = Arijit Singh
| length7 = 5:25
}}

== Marketing ==
The first look of the movie introducing Vidya Balan as Begum Jaan was launched on 3 March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/070317/pic-vidya-balan-releases-first-poster-of-begum-jaan-and-it-is-intense.html |author=Deccan Chronicle |title=Vidya Balan releases first poster of Begum Jaan and it is intense! |date=14 March 2017 |work=[[The Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=14 March 2017 |archive-date=13 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313175657/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/070317/pic-vidya-balan-releases-first-poster-of-begum-jaan-and-it-is-intense.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The second poster of the movie was launched on 14 April 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/begum-jaan-poster-vidya-balan-introduces-her-family-with-a-very-powerful-tag-line/ |work=Bollywood Life |date=8 March 2017 |publisher=IWPL |title=Begum Jaan Poster: Vidya Balan introduces her family with a very powerful tag line |last=Iyengar |first=Anusha |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=11 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311034152/http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/begum-jaan-poster-vidya-balan-introduces-her-family-with-a-very-powerful-tag-line/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer of the movie was launched on 14 March 2017 to much critical and commercial acclaim.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/vidya-balan-steals-the-show-in-begum-jaan-trailer-117031400763_1.html |title=Vidya Balan steals the show in 'Begum Jaan' trailer |author=ANI |date=14 March 2017 |work=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=18 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318041632/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/vidya-balan-steals-the-show-in-begum-jaan-trailer-117031400763_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The trailer crossed 20 million views on Facebook and YouTube within a weeks time.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/bollywood-celebs-praise-vidya-balan-begum-jaan-trailer-crosses-20-million-views-news/18090166 |date=20 March 2017 |title=Bollywood celebs praise Vidya Balan's 'Begum Jaan', trailer crosses 20 million views |work=[[Mid-Day]] |publisher=Mid-Day Infomedia |access-date=20 March 2017 |author=Mid-Day Online Correspondent |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320115309/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/bollywood-celebs-praise-vidya-balan-begum-jaan-trailer-crosses-20-million-views-news/18090166 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
{{As of|June 2020}}, the film holds a 10% approval rating on [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]], based on ten reviews with an average rating of 3.86/10.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/begum_jaan |title=Begum Jaan (2017) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924024018/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/begum_jaan |url-status=live }}</ref>

The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics. Meena Iyer of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and said that, "Vidya invests fully in Begum and her dialogue-baazi (a lot of which is raunchy) will get ceetis (whistles). However, the writer-director's interest level in everything else, falters."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/begum-jaan/movie-review/58162706.cms |title=Begum Jaan Movie Review |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |work=[[The Times of India]] |first=Meena |last=Iyer |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=16 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111956/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/begum-jaan/movie-review/58162706.cms |url-status=live }}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref> Rohit Vats of the ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave the film a rating of 2.5 out of 5 saying that, "The 134-minute long Begum Jaan has Vidya Balan in good form, but it lacks cohesiveness as a complete story. It shies away from delving deep into the theme, but you may appreciate its documentary-like feel."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-and-her-girls-fight-patriarchy-with-all-their-might/story-ZkxJgAz0WejFVCyEXVSNjK.html |first=Rohit |last=Vats |title=Begum Jaan movie review: Vidya Balan and her girls fight patriarchy with all their might |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |publisher=HT Media |date=21 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230932/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-and-her-girls-fight-patriarchy-with-all-their-might/story-ZkxJgAz0WejFVCyEXVSNjK.html |url-status=dead }}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Raja Sen of [[NDTV]] gave the film a rating of 1 out of 5 and said that, "It is very difficult to take the highly cheesy Begum Jaan seriously, and the film squanders the talent of Vidya Balan".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-is-wasted-in-cheesy-film-thats-hard-to-take-seriously-3055 |date=14 April 2017 |title=Begum Jaan Movie Review: Vidya Balan Is Wasted In Cheesy Film That's Hard To Take Seriously |publisher=NDTV Convergence |first=Raja |last=Sen |access-date=12 July 2018 |work=[[NDTV]] |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627230847/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-is-wasted-in-cheesy-film-thats-hard-to-take-seriously-3055 |url-status=dead }}{{Rating|1|5}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] of ''[[The Hindu]]'' criticised the film saying that, "Each scene feels consciously staged than unprompted and the flow from one sequence to the next is perennially jerky leading to way too much chaos on- screen."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/begum-jaan-review-all-sound-and-fury-signifying-nothing/article18016190.ece |title='Begum Jaan' review : All sound and fury signifying nothing |work=[[The Hindu]] |first=Namrata |last=Joshi |date=14 April 2017 |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=9 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209204450/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/begum-jaan-review-all-sound-and-fury-signifying-nothing/article18016190.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of [[News18]] gave the film a rating of 2 out of 5 saying that, "The film has an interesting premise and Vidya is commanding as the feared brothel owner who lords over her home. What lets it down is the shrill treatment."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/begum-jaan-movie-review-feminist-statement-drowned-by-noise-1373603.html |date=21 April 2017 |access-date=12 July 2018 |title=Begum Jaan Movie Review: Feminist Statement Drowned By Noise |work=[[News18]] |publisher=[[News18 Network]] |first=Rajeev |last=Masand |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015726/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/begum-jaan-movie-review-feminist-statement-drowned-by-noise-1373603.html |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Rajyasree Sen of ''[[Live Mint]]'' criticised the film saying that, "Srijit Mukherji's magnum opus 'Begum Jaan' is an utter travesty to feminism, cinema and female actors in the Hindi film industry".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/MZ67CzgimvUf9KkZmS91CJ/Begum-Jaan-is-an-assault-on-the-senses.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=18 April 2017 |first=Rajyasree |last=Sen |publisher=HT Media |title='Begum Jaan' is an assault on the senses |work=[[Live Mint]] |archive-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714153919/https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/MZ67CzgimvUf9KkZmS91CJ/Begum-Jaan-is-an-assault-on-the-senses.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Shubhra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film a rating of 1.5 out of 5 and said that, "Such a waste of a talented bunch of actors. And of Balan, who tries hard to invest some feeling into a role which turns into a cliché the moment the film opens."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-srijit-mukherji-star-rating-4611885/ |title=Begum Jaan movie review: Vidya Balan tries to invest some feeling into her role which soon turns clichéd |work=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |first=Shubhra |last=Gupta |date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015842/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balan-srijit-mukherji-star-rating-4611885/ |url-status=live }}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref> Saibal Chatterjee of [[NDTV]] praised the performance of [[Vidya Balan]] saying that, "Vidya Balan could count this performance as another feather in her already overflowing cap" but found the film to be "passable at best". The critic gave the film a rating of 2.5 out of 5 and said that, "A potentially explosive idea lost in banshee-like shrillness, rapid-fire storytelling and much volatility triggered by a collision of history and hysteria: that in a nutshell is Begum Jaan".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balans-knockout-performance-is-lost-in-banshee-like-shrillness-3053 |title=Begum Jaan Movie Review: Vidya Balan's Knockout Performance Is Lost In Banshee-Like Shrillness |publisher=NDTV Convergence |work=[[NDTV]] |access-date=12 July 2018 |first=Saibal |last=Chatterjee |date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015728/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie-reviews/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidya-balans-knockout-performance-is-lost-in-banshee-like-shrillness-3053 |url-status=dead }}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of [[Rediff]] criticised the film saying that, "Full of histrionics and misandry, Begum Jaan shows little understanding of the trauma and impasse afflicting those in its grip." The critic gave the film a rating of 2 out of 5 and concluded her review by saying that, "In its preoccupation with drama, Begum Jaan neglects to reveal its soul. As a consequence, you feel nothing for the characters, their cause or fate."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-even-vidya-balan-cannot-rescue-begum-jaan/20170414.htm |date=14 April 2017 |title=Review: Even Vidya Balan cannot rescue Begum Jaan's loud, empty feminism |work=[[Rediff]] |first=Sukanya |last=Verma |access-date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628072223/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-even-vidya-balan-cannot-rescue-begum-jaan/20170414.htm |url-status=live }}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> Suhani Singh of ''[[India Today]]'' criticised the film saying that, "Begum Jaan for all its good intent is a misfire of epic proportions."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidyya-balan-srijit-mukherji-971453-2017-04-14 |title=Begum Jaan review: Vidya Balan and her band of fiery sisters can't save this melodrama |work=[[India Today]] |first=Suhani |last=Singh |access-date=12 July 2018 |publisher=Living Media India |date=14 April 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015856/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/begum-jaan-movie-review-vidyya-balan-srijit-mukherji-971453-2017-04-14 |url-status=live }}{{Rating|1.5|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt5785116|title=Begum Jaan}}
*{{rotten-tomatoes|begum_jaan}}

{{Srijit Mukherji}}
{{Shree Venkatesh Films}}

[[Category:2017 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2017 Indian films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Srijit Mukherji]]
[[Category:2017 drama films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jawaharlal Nehru]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Lord Mountbatten]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Vallabhbhai Patel]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]

Karimnagar Municipal Corporation

2026-04-23T06:03:58Z

Daljeetbhutal:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Karimnagar, Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox legislature
|name=Karimnagar Municipal Corporation
|native_name=
|native_name_lang=[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|coa_pic=Mck image.jpg
|coa_res=
|coa_alt=
|house_type=[[Municipal Corporation]]
|foundation= {{start date and age|2005}}
|leader1_type=[[Mayor of Hyderabad, India|Mayor]]
|leader1= Kolagani Srinivas<ref>https://www.siasat.com/telangana-municipal-mayor-elections-congress-wins-nizamabad-bjp-bags-karimnagar-3350082</ref>
|party1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|election1=[[2026 Karimnagar Municipal Corporation election|2026]]
|leader2_type=[[Mayor of Hyderabad, India|Deputy Mayor]]
|leader2= Sunil Rao
|party2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|election2=[[2026 Karimnagar Municipal Corporation election|2026]]
|leader3_type=[[Municipal commissioner]]
|leader3=Praful Desai, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|seats='''66+ 3 Ex-officio'''
|structure1_res=300px |structure1=
|political_groups1=
''' Government (34)'''
*{{colorbox|#FF9933}} [[Bhartiya Janta Party|BJP]] (33)<ref>https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/bjp-secures-majority-in-karimnagar-municipal-corporation-increases-partys-strength-to-35-1937330</ref>
* {{Color box|#000000}} Ex-officio (1)<ref>Karimnagar MP : Bandi Sanjay</ref>
'''Opposition (35)'''
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]] (18)
*{{colorbox|{{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}}} [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] (9)
*{{colorbox|#009F3C}} [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] (4)
*{{colorbox|#757575}} [[Independent Politician|IND]] (2)
* {{Color box|#000000}} Ex-officio (2) <ref>Congress MLA Kavvampalli Satyanarayana and BRS MLA Gangula Kamalakar</ref>
|last_election1= [[2026 Karimnagar Municipal Corporation election|2026]]
|next_election1=
|session_res=
|meeting_place=MCK Building
|website={{URL|http://karimnagarcorporation.telangana.gov.in|Karimnagar Municipal Corporation}}
|motto=}}

The '''Karimnagar Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Local government|local governing body]], administering the city of [[Karimnagar]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. It is the [[List of cities in Telangana by population|Third Most Populous]] city in Telangana with a population of {{formatnum:6,50000}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population 2011|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> The [[municipal corporation]] is headed by a [[mayor]] and democratically elected members.

==History==
The Municipality status was constituted in 1931 and upgraded as Karimnagar municipality in 1941. Then it was upgraded as Karimngar Municipal Corporation on 5 March 2005 vide GONo:109.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}

Karimnagar Municipal Corporation is spread over an area of 50 km2. In 2019 few villages merged with the Municipal Corporation of Karimnagar. MCK is spread across two assembly constituencies. MCK covers major population of Karimnagar assembly constituency and smaller population from Manakondur assembly constituency. Karimnagar assembly constituency has 58 divisions and Manakondur has 2 divisions of MCK.
Few more villages were planned to merge with the MCK but later it was postponed for future plans. The Telangana High Court has suggested to add the villages till Manakondur, Thimmapur, Kothapalli on the city outskirts but later this was not taken into consideration.

== Demographics ==
The city of Karimnagar is spread over an area of 50 km2. It has a population of more than 650,000. According to the election commission of Telangana, the city has a total of 368,269 voters for 2026 Municipal Corporation of Karimnagar elections.

== Administration ==
Karimnagar municipal corporation has a total of 66 divisions with an average of 4,550 voters in each. Karimnagar is headed by an elected Mayor and a Municipal Commissioner appointed by the State Government. Municipal Corporation of Karimnagar is part of the [[Satavahana Urban Development Authority]].

== Politics ==
The major municipal news in 2005 was the upgrade of Karimnagar town from a Municipality to a Municipal Corporation. In the 2005 Municipal polls, MCK had elections for 50 divisions. TDP won 15 seats, INC won 13 seats, AIMIM won 9 seats, BRS won 1 seat, BJP won 1 seat and Independents won the remaining 10 seats. The first-ever elections for the Mayor and Deputy Mayor of the newly formed Karimnagar Municipal Corporation were held in 2005. The INC won the Mayor seat with the support of AIMIM and Independents. D Shankar of INC was elected as First Mayor and Mohammed Abbas Sami of AIMIM as First Deputy Mayor.

In the 2014 Municipal polls, MCK had elections for 50 divisions. The [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] won 24 seats, [[Indian National Congress|INC]] won 14, [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] won 2, [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] won one each and Independents won the remaining 8 seats. The BRS won the Mayor seat with the support of AIMIM and 3 Independents. [[Sardar Ravinder Singh]] was elected as Mayor and Guggilapu Ramesh as Deputy Mayor.

In the 2020 Municipal polls, MCK had elections for 58 out of 60 divisions as two divisions were won by the BRS unanimously before the polls. After the results BRS emerged as the winner with 33 seats. BJP won 13, AIMIM won 6 and Independents won 8 seats. Later 8 Independents joined the BRS party making their total strength to 47 with the support of AIMIM. Y Sunil Rao was elected as Mayor and Challa Swaroopa Rani as Deputy Mayor.<ref name="Sunil Rao takes charge as Mayor of Karimnagar Municipal Corporation">{{cite news |last1=The Hans India |title=Sunil Rao takes charge as Mayor of Karimnagar Municipal Corporation |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/sunil-rao-takes-charge-as-mayor-of-kmc-603673 |access-date=6 December 2021 |work= |date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721031913/https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/sunil-rao-takes-charge-as-mayor-of-kmc-603673 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, the outgoing mayor Y Sunil Rao joined the BJP.<ref>https://telanganatoday.com/karimnagar-mayor-sunil-rao-jumps-ship-to-bjp-eyes-assembly-ticket-for-next-elections</ref>

In the 2026 Municipal polls, MCK had elections for 66 out of 66 divisions. After the results, BJP emerged as the winner with 30 seats. INC won 14 seats, BRS won 9, AIMIM won 4 and Independents won 8 seats. Later 4 Independents and 1 AIFB councillor joined the BJP party making their total strength to 35. Kolagani Srinivas was elected as Mayor and Sunil Rao as Deputy Mayor.<ref>https://www.siasat.com/telangana-municipal-mayor-elections-congress-wins-nizamabad-bjp-bags-karimnagar-3350082/</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal corporations in Telangana}}
{{State Agencies of Telangana}}
{{Telangana}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karimnagar]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Telangana]]
[[Category:1941 establishments in India]]

Bori people

2026-04-20T14:14:39Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating new post

{{Short description|Indigenous tribe of the Adi people}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}

The '''Bori''' are an [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous tribe]] of the [[Adi people]] living in the districts of [[East Siang]], [[Upper Siang]], [[Siang district|Siang]] and [[West Siang]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].{{Clarify|reason=Population number?
Status in terms of reservation system?|date=September 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* Danggen, Bani. (2003). ''The kebang: A unique indigenous political institution of the Adis''. Delhi: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-51-X}}
* Danggen, Bani. (2003). ''A book of conversation: A help book for English to Adi conversation''. Itanagar: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-50-1}}.
* Mibang, Tamo; & Chaudhuri, S. K. (Eds.) (2004). ''Folk culture and oral literature from north-east India''. New Delhi: Mittal. {{ISBN|81-7099-911-1}}.
* Nyori, Tai (1993). History and Culture of the Adis, Omsons Publications, New Delhi-110 027.
* Lego, N. N. (1992). ''British relations with the Adis, 1825-1947''. New Delhi: Omsons Publications. {{ISBN|81-7117-097-8}}.
* Mibang, Tamo; & Abraham, P. T. (2001). ''An introduction to Adi language''. Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh: Himalayan Publishers. {{ISBN|81-86393-35-8}}.

{{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}

{{authority control}}
{{India-ethno-stub}}
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]

August 15 (2011 film)

2026-04-20T07:15:38Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating the info added tags.

{{Short description|2011 Indian Malayalam film by Shaji Kailas}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = August 15
| image = August 15 (2011 film).jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Shaji Kailas]]
| producer = M. Mani
| writer = [[S. N. Swami]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Mammootty]] [[Nedumudi Venu]] [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] [[Saikumar (Malayalam actor)|Saikumar]] [[Lalu Alex]] [[Meghana Raj]] [[Shwetha Menon]]
| music = Rajamani
| cinematography = Pradeep Nair
| editing = Boominathan
| studio = Sunitha Productions
| distributor = Aroma Release & PJ Entertainments
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|3|24}}
| runtime = 138 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''August 15''''' is a 2011 [[Malayalam]]-language [[crime thriller]] [[spy film]] directed by [[Shaji Kailas]], written by [[S. N. Swamy]], and produced by M. Mani. It stars [[Mammootty]], [[Meghana Raj]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Shwetha Menon]], and [[Lalu Alex]].

The film is a sequel to the 1988 film ''[[August 1 (film)|August 1]]'' which was directed by [[Sibi Malayil]] and written by [[S. N. Swamy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-is-back-as-cop-in-iaugust-15i-imagegallery-malayalam-lcvmlpbfahgsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325203841/https://www.sify.com/movies/mammootty-is-back-as-cop-in-iaugust-15i-imagegallery-malayalam-lcvmlpbfahgsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2022|title=Mammootty is back as cop in August 15|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

''August 15'' was released on 24 March 2011. It received mixed reviews from critics.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

== Premise ==
On [[Independence Day (India)|15 August]], [[Superintendent of police (India)|DYSP]] Perumal of [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Crime Branch]] in [[Kerala]], is assigned to investigate an assassination attempt on V. G. Sadasivan, the [[Chief minister (India)|Chief Minister of Kerala]]. Perumal realizes that Abraham, a cunning assassin and a professional killer who is known by several names and who leaves no evidence, is behind the assassination attempt, and a cat-and-mouse game begins with Perumal heading to capture him.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Mammootty]] as [[Superintendent of police (India)|DySP]] Perumal, [[Crime Branch]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2010/oct/19/im-like-a-hard-working-farmer-mammootty-196447.html|title=I'm like a hard working farmer: Mammootty|website=The New Indian Express|date=19 October 2010 }}</ref>
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as V. G. Sadasivan, [[chief minister of Kerala|Chief Minister of Kerala]]
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Abraham, a professional assassin known by several names
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Aravindakshan, an aide at CM's residence
* [[Meghana Raj]] as Lakshmi, a [[Internet police|cyber cell]] officer
* [[Shwetha Menon]] as Dr. Farida Hassan
* [[Saikumar (actor)|Sai Kumar]] as Subhash, Party Secretary
* [[Thalaivasal Vijay]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Reghuram [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], State Police Chief
* [[Lalu Alex]] as [[ADGP]] Peter Zackariah [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
* [[Biju Pappan]] as [[Director general of police|DGP]] Srinivasan [[Indian Police Service|IPS]], Intelligence
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Dr. George, the senior doctor who treats the CM
* [[Balachandran Chullikkadu]] as Vasudevan, political secretary to the chief minister
* Deepesh as Stephen, Perumal's assistant
* Aditya as Vinod
* [[Ranjith (actor)|Ranjith]] as Kannan
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Eppachan
* [[Chali Pala]] as Govindan
* [[Poojappura Ravi]] as Swami
* [[Krishna (Malayalam actor)|Krishna]] as [[Sub-Inspector|SI]] Mohan Isaac
* [[Zeenath]]
* [[Harishree Ashokan]] as Chackochan
* [[Ambika Mohan]] as Ammini, Sadasivan's wife
* Maya Moushmi as Dr. Usha
* Reshmi Boban as Nithya, Sadasivan's daughter
* Indulekha as Radhika, a [[journalist]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-august-15/20110325.htm Rediff Review]

{{Shaji Kailas}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2011 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Kerala Police]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|1August2]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shaji Kailas]]

{{crime-thriller-film-stub}}
{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Lachen–Mangan Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:29:42Z

Daljeetbhutal: put up a info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Lachen-Mangan
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 31
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Samdup Lepcha]]
|party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Sikkim]]
|district = [[Mangan district|Mangan]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|established = 2008
|electors = 7,867<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219115258/https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2024 |title=Vidhan Sabha Elections Sikkim 2019 - Voters Turnout Statistical Data|website=ceosikkim.nic.in |publisher= CEO of Sikkim |access-date= 1 January 2021}}</ref> {{update after|2024|05}}
|reservation = BL
}}
'''Lachen-Mangan Assembly constituency''' is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of [[Sikkim]], a north east state of [[India]]. This constituency falls under [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/sikkim/assembly-constituencies/lachen-mangan.html Lachen-Mangan Assembly constituency Elections]</ref><ref>[http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/09_Delimitation%20act%2C%202002.pdf THE DELIMITATION ACT, 2002]</ref>

This constituency is reserved for members of the [[Bhutia-Lepcha]] community.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=2 | [[Tshering Wangdi Lepcha]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || rowspan=2 | [[Samdup Lepcha]] || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name="Election Results 2024 Sikkim: Full list of winners on all 32 Legislative Assembly seats of Sikkim">{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |date=2 June 2024 |title=Election Results 2024 Sikkim: Full list of winners on all 32 Legislative Assembly seats of Sikkim |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-sikkim-full-list-of-winners-on-all-32-legislative-assembly-seats-of-sikkim-9366829/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603081356/https://indianexpress.com/elections/election-results-2024-sikkim-full-list-of-winners-on-all-32-legislative-assembly-seats-of-sikkim-9366829/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sikkim Assembly Election 2024 Winners List">{{cite news |last1=Financialexpress |date=2 June 2024 |title=Sikkim Assembly Election 2024 Winners List |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sikkim-assembly-election-2024-winners-list/3509765/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603081540/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/sikkim-assembly-election-2024-winners-list/3509765/ |archive-date=3 June 2024 |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Lachen–Mangan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samdup Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=3,929 |percentage=55.37% |change={{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hishey Lachungpa]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,078 |percentage=43.38% |change={{decrease}}1.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=89 |percentage=1.25% |change={{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=851 |percentage=11.99% |change= {{increase}}3.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,096 |percentage=84.44% |change= {{decrease}}0.97 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,404 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.83 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |swing= {{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Lachen–Mangan<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106160313/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samdup Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=3,615 |percentage=53.80% |change={{increase}}9.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tshering Wangdi Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,031 |percentage=45.11% |change={{decrease}}8.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=73 |percentage=1.09% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=584 |percentage=8.69% |change= {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,719 |percentage=85.41% |change= {{increase}}0.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,867 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}0.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Lachen–Mangan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tshering Wangdi Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=3,127 |percentage=53.43% |change={{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Samdup Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=2,570 |percentage=43.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=79 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Topden Lepcha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=76 |percentage=1.30% |change={{decrease}}36.73 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=557 |percentage=9.52% |change= {{decrease}}5.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,852 |percentage=85.13% |change= {{decrease}}4.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,874 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Lachen–Mangan<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202702/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2014|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Tshering Wangdi Lepcha]] |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=2,719 |percentage=53.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Lachenpa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,940 |percentage=38.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chewang Jigme Lepcha |party=Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad |votes=442 |percentage=8.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=779 |percentage=15.27% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,101 |percentage=89.48% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 5,701 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Mangan district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}
{{coords|27.60|88.55|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Mangan district]]
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lachen-Mangan Assembly constituency}}

Mehsi railway station

2026-04-17T02:27:56Z

Daljeetbhutal: made a data basic info

{{Short description|Railway station in Bihar, India}}{{More footnotes needed|date=January 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox station
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| style = Indian Railways
| type = [[Express train]] and [[Passenger train]] station
| image =File:Mehsi railway station platform view.jpg
|image_caption = Main view of Mehsi Railway Station
| status = Functioning
| former = East Indian Railway
| passengers = 86,025 per day
| map_type =
| map_size = 250
| map_alt = Bihar
| map_caption = Mehsi, Bihar,
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.354898|N|85.096319|E|format=dms|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{cvt|65|m}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = East Central Railway
| line = [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]
| platform = '''PF-1, PF-2''',
(PF-3, PF-4, PF-5 Not Complete)
| tracks = 3
| other =
| accessible =
| parking = available
| connections = [[auto rickshaw]], taxi services
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = MAI
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Samastipur}}
}}
| closed =
| opened = 1930s
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=East Central Railway zone|left=Harpur Nag Halt|right=Mahwal|type=[[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]]}}
| map_locator =
}}
The '''Mehsi railway station''' is a railway station on [[Muzaffarpur–Gorakhpur main line]] under the [[Samastipur railway division]] of [[East Central Railway zone]]. It is located in the Indian state of [[Bihar]] in [[East Champaran district]] in the city of [[Mehsi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mehsi Railway Station Forum/Discussion - Railway Enquiry|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/mehsi-mai/920|access-date=2021-09-16|website=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mehsi Railway Station (MAI) : Station Code, Time Table, Map, Enquiry|url=https://www.ndtv.com/indian-railway/mehsi-mai-station|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.ndtv.com|language=en}}</ref>

==[[Mehsi, Bihar|References]]==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Cite journal |last1=Begam |first1=Shama |last2=Khan |first2=R. A. |date=2002-12-01 |title=Impact of the Pollution of River Burhi Gandak on Plankton and Maicofauna at Mehsi, North Bihar Caused by Sugar Mills and Mother of Pearl Button Industries |journal=Records of the Zoological Survey of India |volume=100 |issue=3–4 |pages=85 |doi=10.26515/rzsi/v100/i3-4/2002/159588 |issn=2581-8686|doi-access=free }}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Railway stations in East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Samastipur railway division]]

{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Prakash Koliwad

2026-04-11T19:50:14Z

Daljeetbhutal: new initial data first draft

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranibennur]]
| term_start = 15 May 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Arunkumar Guttur]]
| successor =
| office2 =
| prime_minister2 =
| term2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| prime_minister1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| birth_name = Prakash Krishnappa Koliwad
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1969|04|4}}
| birth_place = Gudagur,
[[Ranebennur]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Poornima Prakash Koliwad
| children = 2
| alma_mater = Malnad College of Engineering
| parents = [[K. B. Koliwad]], Prabhavati
| website =
}}
'''Prakash Koliwad''' (born 1969) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is an MLA from [[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranebennur Assembly constituency]] which is in [[Haveri district]]. He won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakash Koliwad in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/prakash-koliwad-ranebennur-candidate-s10a087c005/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ranibennur Election Results 2023 INC's Prakash Koliwad defeats BJP's Arunkumar Guttur">{{cite news |title=Ranibennur Election Results 2023 INC's Prakash Koliwad defeats BJP's Arunkumar Guttur |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/karnataka-election-2023-results-ranibennur-constituency-bjp-congress-16650461.htm |access-date=28 April 2025 |publisher=CNBCTV18 |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428152629/https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/karnataka-election-2023-results-ranibennur-constituency-bjp-congress-16650461.htm |archive-date=28 April 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Koliwad is from [[Ranebennuru|Ranebennur]], Haveri district. His father Krishnappa Koliwad was 21st speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly. He completed his bachelor's degree in Engineering at Malnad Technical College, Hassan in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakash Koliwad(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- RANEBENNUR(HAVERI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7736 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Koliwad won from [[Ranibennur Assembly constituency|Ranebennur Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]] in the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 71,830 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Arunkumar Guththur]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 9,800 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka Election Results 2023 Constituency Wise Winning Candidates List |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/karnataka-election-results-2023-constituency-wise-winning-candidates-list |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2023 Ranibennur Constituency: Congress’ Prakash Koliwad defeats BJP’s Guttur by 9,800 votes">{{cite news |title=2023 Ranibennur Constituency: Congress' Prakash Koliwad defeats BJP's Guttur by 9,800 votes |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka-election-ranibennur-result-2023-congress-prakash-koliwad-defeats-bjps-arun-kumar-guttur-by-9-800-votes-11683973516993.html |access-date=28 April 2025 |publisher=Mint |date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428153236/https://www.livemint.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka-election-ranibennur-result-2023-congress-prakash-koliwad-defeats-bjps-arun-kumar-guttur-by-9-800-votes-11683973516993.html |archive-date=28 April 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koliwad, Prakash}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Haveri district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Kannada people]]

Raghunath Mashelkar

2026-04-09T23:11:03Z

Daljeetbhutal: new first details nd citations

{{Short description|Indian scientist (born 1943)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
| honorific_suffix = [[The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]] [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]] [[Fellowship of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering|FREng]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry|FRSC]]
| image = Ramesh Mashelkar Apr09.jpg
| caption = Mashelkar in 2009
| alt = A portrait photograph of Raghunath Anant Mashelkar taken in April 2009.
| other_names = Ramesh Mashelkar
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1943|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Marcel, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]
| alma_mater = [[Institute of Chemical Technology]] ([[B.Chem Eng]], [[PhD]])
| notable_students = [[Yogesh M. Joshi]]
| known_for = {{unbulleted list|Research & Innovation|Polymer Science&Engineering}}
| website = {{URL|mashelkar.com}}
| title = [[The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]], [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]], [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]],<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/raghunath-mashelkar-11906|title=Raghunath Mashelkar|website=Royal Society|language=en-GB|access-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213136/https://royalsociety.org/people/raghunath-mashelkar-11906/|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering|FREng]],<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?q=mashelkar|title=Mashelkar, List of Fellows, Royal Academy of Engineering|website=Royal Academy of Engineering|url-status=live|access-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183224/https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?q=mashelkar|archive-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry|FRSC]]
| field = [[Chemical Engineering]]
| work_institutions = [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]]<ref name="CSIR">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/ |title=CSIR |access-date=12 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727103811/http://www.csir.res.in/ |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Global Research Alliance]] National Innovation Foundation
| awards = {{ubl|[[Padma Vibhushan]]|[[Padma Bhushan]]|[[Padma Shri]]|[[Maharashtra Bhushan]]|[[Gomant Vibhushan Award]]|[[G-Files awards]]}}
}}

'''Raghunath Anant Mashelkar''' [[The World Academy of Sciences|FTWAS]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]] [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]] [[Fellowship of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering|FREng]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry|FRSC]] (born 1 January 1943), also known as '''Ramesh Mashelkar''', is an Indian [[chemical engineer]] who is a former Director General of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR). He was also the President of [[Indian National Science Academy]], President of [[Institution of Chemical Engineers]] (UK) as also the President of [[Global Research Alliance]]. He was also first Chairperson of [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)]]. He is a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]], [[Royal Academy of Engineering|Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering]] (FREng), Foreign Associate of US [[National Academy of Engineering]] and the US [[National Academy of Sciences]].

== Early life and education ==
Raghunath Anant Mashelkar was born on 1 January 1943 in [[Marcel, Goa]] in [[Portuguese India]]. He was brought up in [[Bombay]], [[British India]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} Mashelkar is a member of the ''Kalawantin'' community (now known as [[Gomantak Maratha Samaj]] in Goa).<ref name="Review">[http://www.goa-world.com/goa/books/briefrev.htm Goa world book review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105185115/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/books/briefrev.htm |date=5 January 2009 }}</ref>

He studied at [[University of Bombay]]'s [[Institute of Chemical Technology|University Department of Chemical Technology]] (UDCT; now the [[Institute of Chemical Technology]], Mumbai) where he obtained [[Bachelor of Engineering|B.Chem Engg]] degree in [[chemical engineering]] in 1966, and [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] degree in 1969. He also served as chancellor of the institute during 2014–2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ictmumbai.edu.in/DisplayPage.aspx?page=es&ItemID=e|title=ICT Mumbai|website=www.ictmumbai.edu.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612155521/http://www.ictmumbai.edu.in/DisplayPage.aspx?page=es&ItemID=e|archive-date=12 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Work ==
Raghunath served as the Director General of [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) - a network of thirty-eight laboratories-for over eleven years. Prior to this, he was Director of [[National Chemical Laboratory]] (NCL) for six years.

He has been a visiting professor at [[Harvard University]](2007–2012), at [[University of Delaware]] (1976, 1988), and at [[Technical University of Denmark]] (1982). He has been Sir Louis Matheson Distinguished Professor at [[Monash University]] for fifteen years (2007–2022).

He has been on the board of directors of several companies such as [[Reliance Industries Limited|Reliance Industries Ltd]], [[Tata Motors]], [[Hindustan Unilever]], [[Thermax]], [[Piramal Group]], [[KPIT Technologies]], etc.

He has been a member of External Research Advisory Board of [[Microsoft]] (USA), Advisory Board of [[VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland|VTT]] (Finland), Corporate Innovation Board of [[Michelin]] (France), Advisory Board of [https://www.nrf.gov.sg/ National Research Foundation (Singapore)], among others.

As Director of India's [[National Chemical Laboratory]] (NCL) during 1989–1995,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncl-india.org/files/AboutNCL/Organization/PreviousDirectors.aspx|title=National Chemical Laboratory|website=www.ncl-india.org|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702055310/http://www.ncl-india.org/files/AboutNCL/Organization/PreviousDirectors.aspx|archive-date=2 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Mashelkar gave a new orientation to NCL's research programmes with strong emphasis on globally competitive technologies and international patenting. NCL, which was involved only in import substitution research till then, began licensing its patents to multinational companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swaminathansivaram.in/media/data/artaicle_global%20chemistry_110515(2).pdf|title=Global Chemistry}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reflections-shivanand.blogspot.com/2007/08/r-mashelkar-catalyst-for-change.html|title=reflections: R A Mashelkar--Catalyst for Change|last=Kanavi|first=Shivanand|date=8 August 2007|website=reflections|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627150346/http://reflections-shivanand.blogspot.com/2007/08/r-mashelkar-catalyst-for-change.html|archive-date=27 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

As Director General of CSIR, Mashelkar led the process of transformation of CSIR. The book 'World Class in India', has ranked CSIR among the top twelve organizations, who have managed the radical change the best in post-liberalised India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/business/world-class-india/|title=World Class in India|website=Penguin India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627150348/https://penguin.co.in/book/business/world-class-india/|archive-date=27 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The process of CSIR transformation has been heralded as one of the ten most significant achievements of Indian Science and Technology in the twentieth century, by eminent astrophysicist Prof. [[Jayant Narlikar]], in his book, [https://penguin.co.in/book/non-fiction/the-scientific-edge/ The Scientific Edge].

Mashelkar campaigned strongly with Indian academics, researchers and corporates for strengthening the IPR ecosystem. Under his leadership, CSIR occupied the first position in [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]]'s top fifty [[Patent Cooperation Treaty|PCT]] filler among all the developing nations in 2002. CSIR progressed in US patent filing to an extent that they reached 40% share of the US patents granted to India in 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sep102003/570.pdf|title=Innovation chain and CSIR}}</ref>

Led by Mashelkar, CSIR successfully fought the battle of revocation of the US patent on wound healing properties of ''turmeric (USP 5,401,5041)'' claiming that this was India's traditional knowledge and therefore not novel.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jayaraman|first=K. S.|date=1 September 1997|title=US patent office withdraws patent on Indian herb|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=389|issue=6646|page=6|doi=10.1038/37838|pmid=9288953|issn=1476-4687|bibcode=1997Natur.389R...6J|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Horowitz-Ghazi |first1=Alexi |last2=Messick |first2=Molly |last3=Rubin |first3=Willa |last4=Beras |first4=Erika |title=How one man fought a patent war over turmeric |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/09/01/1197321273/turmeric-india-biopiracy-patent-tkdl |access-date=1 December 2023 |work=[[Planet Money]] |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=September 1, 2023}}</ref> Mashelkar also chaired the Technical Committee, which successfully challenged<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.mondaq.com/india/x/586384/Patent/Traditional+Knowledge+And+Patent+Issues+An+Overview+Of+Turmeric+Basmati+Neem+Cases|title=Traditional Knowledge And Patent Issues: An Overview of Turmeric, Basmati, Neem Cases. - Intellectual Property - India|website=www.mondaq.com|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627150348/http://www.mondaq.com/india/x/586384/Patent/Traditional%2BKnowledge%2BAnd%2BPatent%2BIssues%2BAn%2BOverview%2BOf%2BTurmeric%2BBasmati%2BNeem%2BCases|archive-date=27 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> the US patents on Basmati Rice (USP 5,663,484) by RiceTec Company, Texas, (2001). This opened up new paradigms in the protection of traditional knowledge with WIPO bringing in a new internal patent classification system, where sub-groups on traditional knowledge were created for the first time. This led to the creation of India's [[Traditional Knowledge Digital Library]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/organisations/ministry-and-departments/council-scientific-industrial-research-csir/csir-unit|title=CSIR-UNIT: Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (CSIR-TKDL), New Delhi {{!}} India Science, Technology & Innovation|website=www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707163153/http://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/organisations/ministry-and-departments/council-scientific-industrial-research-csir/csir-unit|archive-date=7 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> which helped in prevention of the grant of wrong patents on traditional knowledge.

He pioneered the concept of ''"Gandhian Engineering"''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gyti.techpedia.in/news-detail/6|title=Gandhian Engineering: How It Can Change the World 80 {{!}} Gandhian Young Technological Innovation Award|website=gyti.techpedia.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926170133/http://gyti.techpedia.in/news-detail/6|archive-date=26 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> in 2008 (Getting More from Less for More People). His paper with late [[C. K. Prahalad|C.K. Prahalad]] titled '[https://hbr.org/2010/07/innovations-holy-grail Innovation's Holy Grail]' has been considered as a significant contribution to inclusive innovation. His other contributions amplify the concept of More from Less for More.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryNews/9368_KR_NARAYANAN_ORATION.pdf|title=2018 K.R. Narayanan Oration: Dismantling Inequality through ASSURED Innovation|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627150349/https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryNews/9368_KR_NARAYANAN_ORATION.pdf|archive-date=27 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://penguin.co.in/book/business/leapfrogging-to-pole-vaulting/|title=Leapfrogging to Pole-vaulting|website=Penguin India|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627150347/https://penguin.co.in/book/business/leapfrogging-to-pole-vaulting/|archive-date=27 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

He was on the Engineering and Computer Science jury for the [[Infosys Prize]] from 2009 to 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Foundation|first=Infosys Science|date=30 December 2020|title=Infosys Prize - Jury 2015|url=https://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/jury/jury-2015.asp#Engineering-and-Computer-Science|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref>

He has been a jury member of the Prestigious [[Queen Elizabeth Prize]] for Engineering since 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qeprize.org/news/meet-new-qeprize-judges-raghunath-mashelkar |title=Meet the new QEPrize judges: Raghunath Mashelkar }}</ref>

== National contributions ==
Mashelkar was a member of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime Minister and also of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20070612040949/http://psa.gov.in/uniquepages/singlepage_new.asp?ID=4 Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet] set up by successive governments. He has chaired sixteen high powered committees set up to look into diverse issues ranging from national auto fuel policy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/06102003/r0610200313.html|title=PIB Press Releases|access-date=21 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040310000323/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/roct2003/06102003/r0610200313.html|archive-date=10 March 2004|url-status=live}}</ref> to overhauling the Indian drug regulatory system & dealing with the menace of spurious drugs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Final%20Report%20mashelkar.pdf |title=A Comprehensive Examination of Drug Regulatory Issues, including the Problem of Spurious Drugs |access-date=21 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915200625/http://cdsco.nic.in/html/Final%20Report%20mashelkar.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was appointed by the Government as Assessor for the One-man Inquiry Commission investigating into the Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1985–86), and as Chairman of the committee for investigating the Maharashtra Gas Cracker Complex accident (1990–91).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100385|title=Csir News Vol.45, No. 1-22(jan-nov)1995|last=Not Available|date=1995}}</ref>

Deeply connected with the innovation movement in India, Mashelkar served as the Chairman of India's National Innovation Foundation (2000–2018). He chaired Reliance Innovation Council,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx|title=Reliance Innovation Council India - Raghunath Mashelkar {{!}} Mukesh Ambani {{!}} Jean-Marie Lehn {{!}} Robert Grubbs {{!}} George Whitesides {{!}} Gary Hamel {{!}} William Haseltine|website=www.ril.com|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626153405/https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> KPIT Technologies Innovation Council, Persistent Systems Innovation Council and [[Marico]] Foundation's Governing Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maricoinnovationfoundation.org/|title=HOME|website=Marico Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529230305/https://www.maricoinnovationfoundation.org/|archive-date=29 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He co-chairs the [[Maharashtra State Innovation Society]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msins.in/#!/organization-structure|title=Maharashtra State Innovation Society - General Body|access-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626153409/https://www.msins.in/#!/organization-structure|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Research ==

Mashelkar has made contributions in [[transport phenomena]],in [[thermodynamics]] of swelling, superswelling and shrinking [[polymer]]s, modelling of [[Polymerization|polymerisation]] reactors, and engineering analysis of [[Non Newtonian fluid|Non-Newtonian]] flows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mashelkar.com/work/research-papers|title=Research Papers|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611064243/http://www.mashelkar.com/work/research-papers|archive-date=11 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversy ==

In 2005, the Indian government established a technical expert group on patent laws under the chairmanship of Mashelkar. Its purpose was to determine whether amendments made in Indian patent law were [[TRIPS]] compliant. The committee unanimously concluded that the amendments were not [[TRIPS]] compliant.

The report generated controversy when editorials published simultaneously in the ''[[Times of India]]''<ref name="TOI 2007-02-22">{{cite news|last=Mitta|first=Manoj|title=Mashelkar takes back report after plagiarism row|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 February 2007|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Mashelkar-takes-back-report-after-plagiarism-row/articleshow/1653926.cms|access-date=12 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016232156/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-02-22/india/27871784_1_technical-inaccuracies-mashelkar-scientific-and-industrial-research|archive-date=16 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''[[The Hindu]]''<ref name="TH 2007-02-12">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/First-attempt-to-dent-a-compromised-patent-system/article14719338.ece|title=First attempt to dent a compromised patent system|last=Park|first=Chan|date=12 February 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|author2=Achal Prabhala|access-date=12 June 2007}}</ref> alleged parts of the report had been plagiarised. Mashelkar subsequently withdrew the report due to the alleged plagiarism,<ref name="IE 2007-02-22" /> admitting to flaws in the report<ref name="TOI 2007-02-22" /><ref name="TH 2007-02-22">{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Ravi|author2=Sara Hiddleston|title=Mashelkar committee on Patent Law withdraws report; seeks more time|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 February 2007|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/22/stories/2007022206751200.htm|access-date=18 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930232135/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/22/stories/2007022206751200.htm|archive-date=30 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> whilst stating, "This is the first time such a thing has happened."<ref name="IE 2007-02-22">{{cite news|last=Bagla|first=Pallava|title='Plagiarism' in his panel's report, Mashelkar tells Govt to withdraw it|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=22 February 2007|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/story/23941.html|access-date=18 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403024333/http://www.indianexpress.com/story/23941.html|archive-date=3 April 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> He later also explained that the technical flaw was not the alleged lack of attribution but it was citing the attribution at the end of the report than in the body of the report due to the style adopted for the report.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/7uDji9nz9vWO3n1dJ3gzUI/Theres-a-lesson-to-be-learnt-here-says-Mashelkar.html|title=There's a lesson to be learnt here, says Mashelkar|last=Koshy|first=Bhuma Shrivastava and Jacob P.|date=26 February 2007|website=Mint|language=en|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626153337/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/7uDji9nz9vWO3n1dJ3gzUI/Theres-a-lesson-to-be-learnt-here-says-Mashelkar.html|archive-date=26 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The controversy was raised in the [[Indian Parliament]], with demands that the report be "trashed" and the issues be referred to a joint standing committee.<ref name="CPI-M 2007-02-22">{{cite news|title=Trash Mashelkar panel report on patent law: CPI-M|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 February 2007|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200702221340.htm|access-date=20 June 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930201535/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200702221340.htm  |archive-date = 30 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="TH 2007-03-05">{{cite news|title=Scrap Mashelkar report|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 March 2007|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/05/stories/2007030505351300.htm|access-date=20 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001062511/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/05/stories/2007030505351300.htm|archive-date=1 October 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the government instead referred the report back to the technical expert group to reexamine and correct the inaccuracies. The report was resubmitted after corrections in March 2009 and was accepted by the Government as such.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tapanray.in/the-government-of-india-accepts-the-mashelkar-committee-report-on-incremental-innovation-what-does-it-really-mean/|title=The Government of India accepts the Mashelkar Committee Report on 'Incremental Innovation' – what does it really mean? {{!}} PILMAN|website=www.tapanray.in|date=20 August 2009 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183322/http://www.tapanray.in/the-government-of-india-accepts-the-mashelkar-committee-report-on-incremental-innovation-what-does-it-really-mean/|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/P4pUZLxGSXlCFai4xYNtmI/RA-Mashelkar--For-me-it8217s-national-interest-that-com.html|title=RA Mashelkar {{!}} For me, it's national interest that comes first - Livemint|website=www.livemint.com|access-date=2018-07-31|date=21 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183554/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/P4pUZLxGSXlCFai4xYNtmI/RA-Mashelkar--For-me-it8217s-national-interest-that-com.html|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
[[File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award to Dr. Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 31, 2014.jpg|thumb|The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Vibhushan Award to Dr. Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 31, 2014]]

Mashelkar has received several awards and is a member of numerous scientific bodies and committees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mashelkar.com/about/awards-and-recognitions|title=Awards and Recognitions|work=RAMashelkar|access-date=10 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611091658/http://www.mashelkar.com/about/awards-and-recognitions|archive-date=11 June 2015|url-status=live }}</ref> So far, '''53''' universities from around the world have honored him with honorary doctorates, which include Universities of London, Salford, Pretoria, Wisconsin, Swinburne, Monash, Deakin and Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mashelkar.com/|title=R A Mashelkar|website=www.mashelkar.com|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611073153/http://www.mashelkar.com/|archive-date=11 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, awarded him the Rajiv Gandhi Outstanding Leadership National Award for the year 2007 on 20 August 2007 at Tirupati, by Shri R.L.Bhatia, the then Governor of Kerala. Dr. Mashelkar delivered the 6th Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Lecture on 20 August 2007 at Tirupati.
He surpasses the record for the highest number of honorary doctorates awarded to any Indian engineer, which was previously held by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam with 48 honorary doctorates.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.psa.gov.in/innerPage/psa-initiatives-covid/dr-p-j-abdul-kalam/3808 | title=Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | Principal Scientific Adviser }}</ref>

'''Honours by President of India: (highest Indian civilian awards)'''

* [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth highest civilian award (1991)
* [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award (2000)
* [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second highest civilian award (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=69364|title=Padma Awards Announced|date=25 January 2014|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs|access-date=26 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101141/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

'''Election to Prestigious Academies (International):'''

* Fellow, [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS) (1993)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twas.org/directory/mashelkar-raghunath-anant|title=Mashelkar, Raghunath Anant|website=TWAS|language=en|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[Royal Society]] (FRS), London (1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/raghunath-mashelkar-11906/|title=Raghunath Mashelkar {{!}} Royal Society|website=royalsociety.org|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213136/https://royalsociety.org/people/raghunath-mashelkar-11906/|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Foreign Associate, [[National Academy of Sciences]], USA (2005)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20004642.html|title=Raghunath Mashelkar|website=www.nasonline.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324143827/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20004642.html|archive-date=24 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Foreign Associate, [[National Academy of Engineering]], USA (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nae.edu/30789/Dr-Raghunath-A-Mashelkar|title=Dr. Raghunath A. Mashelkar|website=NAE Website|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Foreign Member, [[Royal Academy of Engineering]], UK (1996)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?q=mashelkar|title=Royal Academy of Engineering: List of Fellows|access-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731183224/https://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows?q=mashelkar|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Foreign Fellow, [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences|American Academy of Arts & Sciences]] (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?t=50&s=mashelkar|title=Website Search|website=members.amacad.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418072537/https://members.amacad.org/content/system/search.aspx?t=50&s=mashelkar|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Corresponding Member of [[Australian Academy of Science]] (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/dr-raghunath%C2%A0mashelkar|title=Dr Raghunath Mashelkar {{!}} Australian Academy of Science|website=www.science.org.au|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Foreign Fellow, [[Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering|Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering]] (ATSE) (2008)
* Fellow, US [[National Academy of Inventors]] (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://academyofinventors.org/wp/skin/search-fellows.php|title=Fellows List - National Academy of Inventors|website=academyofinventors.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621181233/https://academyofinventors.org/wp/skin/search-fellows.php|archive-date=21 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[World Academy of Art and Science|World Academy of Arts & Science]], USA (2000)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldacademy.org/view/general-listing|title=General Listing {{!}} World Academy of Art & Science|website=www.worldacademy.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328062055/http://worldacademy.org/view/general-listing|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry]] (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iupac.org/member/r-mashelkar/|title=IUPAC Members|website=IUPAC {{!}} International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Fellow, The Institute of Physics, London (1998)
* Fellow, Institute of Electronics and Tele-communication Engineers (IETE) (1998)
* Fellow, [[Institution of Chemical Engineers]], UK (1996)
* Fellow, [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], Cambridge, UK (2006)

'''Election to Prestigious Academies (National):'''

* Fellow, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1984)<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N84-0436|title=INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail|website=www.insaindia.res.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113091412/http://www.insaindia.res.in/detail/N84-0436|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (1983)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Mashelkar,_Dr_Raghunath_Anant|title=Fellowship {{!}} Indian Academy of Sciences|website=www.ias.ac.in|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]] (1985)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mahascience.org/files/Fellowship/files/academyMembers.htm#m|title=Maharashtra Academy of Sciences: Members List|access-date=28 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831005059/http://mahascience.org/files/Fellowship/files/academyMembers.htm#m|archive-date=31 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (1987)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inae.in/search-fellow/|title=Search for Fellows|website=Indian National Academy of Engineering|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-28}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[The National Academy of Sciences, India]] (1989)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=M|title=The National Academy of Sciences, India - Fellows|website=www.nasi.org.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227133632/http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=M|archive-date=27 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Fellow, [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers]] (1992)
* Fellow, [[Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science]], Kolkata (2005)

'''Presidency of Top Academic Bodies'''
* Chairperon, [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)]] (2013)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mashelkar-appointed-1st-chairperson-of-acsir/962959/|title=Mashelkar appointed 1st chairperson of AcSIR|access-date=13 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508211845/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mashelkar-appointed-1st-chairperson-of-acsir/962959|archive-date=8 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
* President, [[Indian National Science Academy]] (2005–2007)<ref name=":5" />
* President, [[Institution of Chemical Engineers|Institution of Chemicals Engineers]], UK (2007–08)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icheme.org/about-us/people/presidents/|title=Presidents - IChemE|website=www.icheme.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331184523/https://www.icheme.org/about-us/people/presidents/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* General President, [[Indian Science Congress Association|Indian Science Congress]] (1999–2000)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencecongress.nic.in/past_general_presidents.php|title=Government of India, Indian Science Congress|website=www.sciencecongress.nic.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618055114/http://sciencecongress.nic.in/past_general_presidents.php|archive-date=18 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* President, Materials Research Society of India (2004–06)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mrsi.org.in/council.php|title=Materials Research Society of India|website=www.mrsi.org.in|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616173243/http://www.mrsi.org.in/council.php|archive-date=16 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* President, Physical Sciences, [[National Academy of Sciences, India|National Academy of Sciences]] (1991)
* President, [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]] (1991–94)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mahascience.org/files/AboutUs/index.htm|title=Maharashtra academy of sciences|website=mahascience.org|access-date=2019-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217004023/http://mahascience.org/files/AboutUs/index.htm|archive-date=17 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* President, Society for Polymer Science in India (1986–92)
* President, Indian Society of Rheology (1986–93)
* Vice-president, Materials Research Society of India (1993–95)
* Vice-president, [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (1995–2000)

'''Awards and Honours: International'''
*He won the TWAS Lenovo Science Prize,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twas.org/article/mashelkar-wins-twas-lenovo-prize|title=Mashelkar wins TWAS-Lenovo Prize|website=TWAS|date=27 November 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517135248/https://twas.org/article/mashelkar-wins-twas-lenovo-prize|archive-date=17 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> which is the highest honour given by [[The World Academy of Sciences]].
* The TWAS medal (2005) by [[The World Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twas.org/opportunity/twas-medal-lectures|title=TWAS Medal Lectures|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224123238/http://twas.org/opportunity/twas-medal-lectures|archive-date=24 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[World Federation of Engineering Organizations|World Federation of Engineering Organisations]] (WFEO) Medal of Engineering Excellence (2003) by WFEO, Paris
* Star of Asia Award (2005) of Business Week (USA) at the hands of George Bush (Sr), Former President of USA
* Wolff-Ramanujam Medal Lecture, [[French Academy of Sciences|French Academy of Science]], Paris (2007).
* ETH Presidential Lecture (2007), Zurich.
* Inaugural BP Innovation Oration, [[Cambridge Judge Business School|Judge Business School]], [[University of Cambridge]] (2010).
* IIFA Ben Gurion Award, Israel (2009) for contributions in Science & Technology
* [[Asian Development Bank]] Eminent Speaker Forum Oration, Manila (2014)
* P.V. Danckwerts Memorial Lecture, IChemE, London (1994)

== Social service ==
Mashelkar established the [https://mashelkarfoundation.org Anjani Mashelkar Foundation] in 2011 to encourage inclusive innovation which includes the excluded by deploying disruptive high technology, scalable products and services often through breakthrough business models.

The foundation has awarded the Anjani Mashelkar Prize to the best innovators of the country with a motive to recognise and reward such innovators who develop high technology solutions for the excluded members of society. As on 2024, the annual Anjani Mashelkar Prize has been awarded 14 times.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{SSBPST recipients in Engineering Science}}
{{FRS 1998}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mashelkar, Raghunath Anant}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]
[[Category:Rheologists]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Institute of Chemical Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:People from North Goa district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan Award]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]
[[Category:Engineers from Goa]]
[[Category:Indian fluid dynamicists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]
[[Category:Indian fellows of the Royal Society]]

D. J. Pandian

2026-04-09T02:38:27Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating stub.

{{Short description|Former Chief Secretary of Gujarat and current Director general at New Development Bank}}
{{For|the [[Communist Party of India]] politician and former [[Member of the Indian Parliament]]|D. Pandian}}

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = D. Jagatheesa Pandian, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd.)
| alma_mater = ([[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]]) ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]) ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) [[University of Madras]]
| office = 1st Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] (AIIB)
| honorific_prefix = [[Dr.]]
| image = The former Chief Secretary of Gujarat, Dr. D.J. Pandian calling on the Union Minister for Railways, Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, in New Delhi on February 17, 2016.jpg
| predecessor = ''Office established''
| successor =
| term_end =
| term_start = 5 February 2016
| office1 = 26th [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of Gujarat
| predecessor1 = Dr. Varesh Sinha
| successor1 = Ganga Ram Aloria
| term_end1 = 31 May 2015
| term_start1 = 1 November 2014
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|05|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| spouse = Asha Jagatheesa Pandian
| occupation = [[Indian Administrative Service|Retired IAS officer]]
}}
'''D. Jagatheesa Pandian''' (born 11 May 1955) is a [[retired]] [[Indian Administrative Service|Indian Administrative Service officer]] of 1981 batch from [[Gujarat]] cadre who is currently serving as the [[Director General]] of [[New Development Bank]] in its [[Asia region]] and previously served as the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Gujarat]] and as [[Vice president]] of [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank|AIIB Bank]].

== Education ==
Pandian has a [[Undergraduate education|graduate]] ([[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]]) and a [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]] degree ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]]) in [[Business administration|Business Administration]] from the [[University of Madras]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=6437&PageId=|title=D Jagatheesa Pandiyan - Executive Record Sheet|last=|first=|date=|website=Department of Personnel and Training, [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113160446/https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=6437&PageId= |archive-date=13 January 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref> He also has a [[doctorate]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) in energy security.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==

=== As an IAS officer ===
Pandian served in various key positions for both the [[Government of India|Union Government]] and the [[Government of Gujarat]] during his career,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iitgn.ac.in/leadership_2015/dj_pandian.html|title=Sixth Leadership Conclave - Members - Shri D J Pandian {{!}} IAS, Former Chief Secretary, Government of Gujarat|last=|first=|date=|website=[[IIT Gandhinagar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150621/https://www.iitgn.ac.in/leadership_2015/dj_pandian.html |archive-date=13 January 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref> like as the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of Gujarat, Additional Chief Secretary (Industries and Mines), [[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]] (Energy and Petrochemicals), Managing Director of [[Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation]] (GSPC), Vice Chairman and Managing Director of [[Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation]] (GMDC), Managing Director of Directorate of Information and Technology, and as the District Magistrate and Collector of Kheda and Bharuch districts in the [[Government of Gujarat|Gujarat Government]],<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> and as a Director/Deputy Secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] in the [[Government of India|Union Government]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Pandian also had a stint in the [[World Bank]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

==== Chief Secretary of Gujarat ====
Pandian was appointed as the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] of [[Gujarat]] by the [[List of Chief Ministers of Gujarat|Chief Minister of Gujarat]] in October 2014,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/d-j-pandian-is-new-gujarat-chief-secretary-114103001053_1.html|title=D J Pandian is new Gujarat chief secretary|last=|first=|date=30 October 2014|website=[[Business Standard]]|publication-place=[[Ahmedabad]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128035812/http://www.business-standard.com:80/article/current-affairs/d-j-pandian-is-new-gujarat-chief-secretary-114103001053_1.html |archive-date=28 November 2014 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/gujarat-govt-appoints-d-j-pandian-as-next-chief-secretary/article6548755.ece|title=Gujarat govt appoints D J Pandian as next chief secretary|last=|first=|date=30 October 2014|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line|publication-place=[[Ahmedabad]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Pandiyan-is-new-Gujarat-chief-secretary/articleshow/44989154.cms?from=mdr|title=Pandiyan is new Gujarat chief secretary|last=|first=|date=31 October 2014|website=[[The Times of India]]|publication-place=[[Gandhinagar]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429110834/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Pandiyan-is-new-Gujarat-chief-secretary/articleshow/44989154.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=29 April 2017 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/gujarat-government-appoints-dj-pandian-as-chief-secretary_1491821.html|title=Gujarat government appoints DJ Pandian as Chief Secretary|last=|first=|date=30 October 2014|website=[[Zee News]]|publication-place=[[Ahmedabad]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141102055256/http://zeenews.india.com:80/news/gujarat/gujarat-government-appoints-dj-pandian-as-chief-secretary_1491821.html |archive-date=2 November 2014 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref> Pandian assumed the office of [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] on 1 November 2014, and demitted it and simultaneously [[Pension|superannuated]] from service on 31 May 2015.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

=== Post retirement ===
Post his retirement from [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]], Pandian was appointed as the [[vice president]] and [[chief investment officer]] of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136294|title=India's nominee, Dr.D.J. Pandian appointed as the Vice-President, Chief Investment Officer of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)|last=|first=|date=10 February 2016|website=[[Press Information Bureau of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020424/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=136294 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/former-bureaucrat-pandian-named-aiib-cio/article8200198.ece|title=Former bureaucrat Pandian named AIIB CIO|last=Aneja|first=Atul|date=6 February 2016|website=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/aiib-appoints-dj-pandian-as-cio/article8219591.ece|title=AIIB appoints DJ Pandian as CIO|last=|first=|date=10 February 2016|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] Business Line|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305015826/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/aiib-appoints-dj-pandian-as-cio/article8219591.ece |archive-date=5 March 2021 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pandian-appointed-aiib-vice-president-116020301345_1.html|title=Pandian appointed AIIB Vice-President|last=|first=|date=3 February 2016|website=[[Business Standard]]|publication-place=[[New Delhi]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204114143/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pandian-appointed-aiib-vice-president-116020301345_1.html |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=live|access-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://supremo.nic.in/ERSheetHtml.aspx?OffIDErhtml=6437&PageId= Executive Record Sheet as maintained by Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India]
* [https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/senior-management/index.html Profile at Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank's website]
* [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=405159638&privcapId=302510016&previousCapId=302510016&previousTitle=The%20Asian%20Infrastructure%20Investment%20Bank Executive Profile as maintained by Bloomberg]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandian, D. J.}}
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Chief investment officers]]

Harmeet Singh Pathanmajra

2026-04-07T14:21:10Z

Daljeetbhutal: put up new biography.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
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| majority = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| predecessor = [[Harinder Pal Singh Chandumajra]] (SAD)
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| nickname =
}}
'''Harmeet Singh Pathanmajra''' is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the [[Sanour Assembly constituency]] in the [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022 Winner list">{{cite news |title=All Winners List of Punjab Assembly Election 2022 {{!}} Punjab Vidhan Sabha Elections |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/punjab/all-winners/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=News18 |language=en}}</ref> He was elected as the MLA in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> He is a relative of [[Chief Minister of Punjab, India|Punjab Chief Minister]] [[Bhagwant Mann]]'s wife.<ref>{{cite news |title=A day after AAP Sanour MLA Pathanmajra slams Punjab Govt, his security is withdrawn |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/aap-ghanaur-mla-harmit-singh-pathanmajra-punjab-govt-10224217/ |access-date=10 September 2025 |work=The Indian Express |date=2 September 2025 |ref=The Punjab chief minister’s wife, Dr Gurpreet Kaur, is related to him. |language=en}}</ref>

==Member of Legislative Assembly==
Pathanmajra represents the [[Sanour Assembly constituency]] since 2022 after winning the election.

In the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] he contested from Sanour as a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] and defeated [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]'s [[Harinder Pal Singh Chandumajra]] by a large margin of 49,122 votes.<ref name="Tribune 10 March 2022 Patiala">{{cite news |title=AAP makes a clean sweep in Patiala district |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/patiala/aap-makes-a-clean-sweep-in-patiala-dist-376852 |access-date=13 March 2022 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

;[[Punjab Legislative Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates|Committee on Estimates]]<ref name="List Public Accounts">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=35&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Government Assurances|Committee on Government Assurances]]<ref name="Committee on Government Assurances">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=34&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 |archive-date=2021-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514050545/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=34&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Rape and fraud accusation==
A woman, reportedly his ex-wife, filed a complaint accusing Pathanmajra of misrepresenting himself as divorced and entering into a relationship, even marrying her in a [[gurdwara]] in 2021, while still being legally married to someone else. She alleges he [[Sexual slavery|sexually exploited]] her, coerced her with threats, and sent [[obscene material]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Affair, Rape Case, Escape From Custody, Hot Pursuit: AAP MLA's High Drama |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-aap-mla-harmeet-pathanmajra-arrested-on-rape-charges-flees-after-allegedly-firing-at-cops-9200969 |access-date=6 September 2025 |agency=NDTV}}</ref> Police registered an FIR under IPC Sections 376 (rape), 420 (cheating), and 506 (criminal intimidation).<ref>{{cite news |title=Charges against Pathanmajra personal, accusations a diversion: AAP |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/charges-against-pathanmajra-personal-accusations-a-diversion-aap/articleshow/123658495.cms |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=2 September 2025}}</ref>

On September 2, 2025, Punjab Police arrested Pathanmajra in [[Karnal]], [[Haryana]], based on the FIR. While being transported, he and his accomplices allegedly opened fire at police, ran over a constable, and fled in SUVs meanwhile one vehicle was intercepted, and [[weapons]] were recovered.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rape case: Punjab AAP MLA Harmeet Singh Pathanmajra arrested; opens fire, tries to run over cops, flees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/rape-case-aap-mla-harmeet-singh-pathanmajra-arrested-flees-after-firing-at-police/articleshow/123649547.cms |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=2 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Affair, Rape Case, Escape From Custody, Hot Pursuit: AAP MLA's High Drama |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-aap-mla-harmeet-pathanmajra-arrested-on-rape-charges-flees-after-allegedly-firing-at-cops-9200969 |access-date=6 September 2025 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Sanour Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Sanour Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/show-profile/eyJpdiI6ImtsRWRSMjJrRkpaSlNJK3FpcDUyVGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieE9RYzJRbDRvRmgwcGNtNDNGZTYyQT09IiwibWFjIjoiZjlkZjcyZGMwNjUxMDZhYWY5ODQyM2FiNjFkNDNkYzkwNzgyYjE1ZWNhYzc1YzE4MWQzNTNmMzU4MzhlZmI2MiJ9/MjM=/MTM=/Mw==/QUM= |website=affidavit.eci.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}
* {{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS19114.htm?ac=114 |website=results.eci.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2022}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Sanour
| before= [[Harinder Pal Singh Chandumajra]] (SAD)
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathanmajra, Harmeet Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Konkani Orthodox Church

2026-04-02T17:15:36Z

Daljeetbhutal: put up details.

{{Short description|Indian church}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2015}}{{Christianity in India sidebar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
The '''Konkani Orthodox Church''' is a split faction from the [[Catholic Church in India]], founded by Bishop [[Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares]] in 1889. Its main [[cathedral]] is situated at [[Brahmavar]], in [[Udipi]], [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/consecration-of-renovated-st-marys-orthodox-syrian-cathedral-today-658932.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807205134/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/consecration-of-renovated-st-marys-orthodox-syrian-cathedral-today-658932.html | archive-date=7 August 2024 | title=Consecration of renovated St Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral today }}</ref>

Earlier, as a [[presbyter]], Alvares was [[excommunicate]]d from the Catholic Church, stripped naked & paraded through the streets.<ref>[http://www.stalvares.com/docs/about.php Stalvares] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204092908/http://www.stalvares.com/docs/about.php |date=4 February 2010 }}</ref> He left the church with some hundreds of Catholic Christian families in what was [[Portuguese Goa]]; to join the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] in [[British India]]. Eventually, after Alvares died, this Brahmavar (Konkani) community had come into existence since then as a part of the [[Indian Orthodox Church]]. The church uses the Tridentine Mass, in Konkani, although, in recent years, part of the liturgy has been West Syrianised, with use of the [[West Syriac Rite]] 3 times out of 4 in a month when it comes to Sundays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Holy Brahmavar|url=http://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/articles/2009/12/holy-brahmavar/|work=The Orthodox Church|access-date=2 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110112050/http://theorthodoxchurch.info/blog/articles/2009/12/holy-brahmavar/|archive-date=10 November 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares was ordained as the first Orthodox Metropolitan of Goa, Bombay, Ceylon and Greater India in 1889 AD. by [[Paulose Mar Athanasious|Paulose Mar Athanasius]] and [[Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala|Geevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala]] at the [[Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam]] in the state of Kerala ([[Malabar region]]).

Presently,{{When|date=March 2026}} they are under the [[Brahmavar Orthodox Diocese|Brahmavar diocese]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moscdob.com/ |access-date=4 November 2016 }}</ref> of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Malankara (Indian) Orthodox Church]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Churches in India}}
{{Oriental Orthodoxy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brahmavar (Konkani) Orthodox Church}}
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
[[Category:1880s establishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1889 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox organizations established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1889]]

{{Malankara-Orthodox-Syrian-struct-stub}}
{{India-church-stub}}

Ma'danid dynasty

2026-03-29T11:32:30Z

Daljeetbhutal: made first pg needs work - done

{{about|the medieval dynasty|the ethnic group|Madan (people)}}
{{distinguish|Makran (princely state)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}

{{Short description|Medieval dynasty in South Asia (c. 10th-11th century)}}
{{Infobox country
| today = {{Flag|Pakistan}}
| year_start = 10th century
| area_km2 =
| demonym =
| year_end = 11th century
| conventional_long_name = Makran Sultanate
| era = [[Early Medieval period]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| p1 = Abbasid Caliphate
| s1 =
| common_languages = [[Arabic]] (Official)
| capital = [[Turbat|Kech]]
| status = Largely autonomous [[Emirate]] under the [[Saffarids]], [[Buyids]] (970–?) and then [[Ghaznavids]] (?–1078)<ref name=":1078">{{Harvnb|Panhwar|2003|p=57}} "Maadans controlled Makran and became vassals of Ghaznavids until 1078 AD."</ref>
| native_name =
| image_map = {{South Asia in 1000|center||{{Annotation|9|82|[[File:Long Fine Rectangle (plain).png|30px]]}}||none}}
| image_map_size =
| map_caption = Makran located on the south of Ghaznavid Empire<ref name="JES">{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=21, 147 |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=048 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=13 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112095242/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=048 }}</ref>
| title_leader = [[Maharaj|Mahraj]]
| year_leader1 = Until 1025/26 CE
| leader1 = Ma'adan ibn Ali (First known)
| year_leader2 = 1031–1058 CE
| leader2 = Abu'l -'Askar Husayn (last)
}}
The '''Ma'danid dynasty''' was a medieval Islamic dynasty that ruled the '''Sultanate of Makran'''. It ruled [[Makran]] from the late 9th or early 10th century<ref name="Bosworth 1994, p. 256">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|p=256}}</ref> until around the 11th century.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=297}}</ref>

==History==

Makran had been one of the easternmost provinces of the [[Caliphate]] after its conquest by the Muslims in 644. In the 9th century, especially after the [[Abbasid]] dynasty's hold on the frontier provinces of the Caliphate began to weaken, Makran had been overrun by [[Kharijites]]. According to the historian [[Abu al-Hasan 'Alī al-Mas'ūdī|Mas'ūdī]] the Kharijites were still a significant force in Makran by the time the Ma'danids took control there.<ref name="Bosworth 1994, p. 256"/>

By the early 10th century, the Banu Ma'dan had risen to power in Makran. [[Ibn Haukal]] does not mention their origins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Takhri |first=Ibrahim Ibn Mu Hammad I. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nk6utgEACAAJ |title=Kitab Masalik Wa-mamalik Tasnif Ibn Hawqal |date=2018-04-18 |publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC |isbn=978-1-379-60408-2 |language=en|pages=152–154}}</ref> Ma'danids used the Sanskrit title of [[Maharaja|Mahraj]].<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=296}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|p=256}}</ref> They established their capital at Kiz or Kij, and although seldom playing a major role in regional affairs, Ma'danids were able to maintain their authority in Makran for at least a century and a half. At some point the Ma'danids became tributary to the [[Saffarid]] dynasty of [[Sistan]]. In 907/908 the Saffarid prince [[Al-Layth|Al-Laith]] invaded Makran after 'Isa had gone into arrears on the required payments, and was able to compel the Ma'danid to give three years' worth of tribute.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1994|pp=256–57}}</ref>

Payments to the Saffarids lasted until the mid-10th century at the latest. In 971 the [[Buyid]] amir [['Adud al-Daula]], who had recently conquered the bordering province of [[Kerman]] from the [[Banu Ilyas]], compelled the Ma'danids to recognize Buyid suzerainty. Soon after this, however, the Ma'danids switched their loyalties to the [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] ruler of [[Ghazni]], [[Sabuktigin]], beginning nearly a century of allegiance to the Ghaznavid dynasty.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=296}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1975|p=173}}</ref>

{{Further|Ghaznavid campaigns in Persia}}

In the early 11th century the ruler of Makran was Ma'dan. After Ma'dan's death in 1025/1026 a succession dispute broke out among his two sons, 'Isa and Abu'l-'Askar Husayn. The Ghaznavid sultan [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]] ({{Reign|998|1030}}) negotiated a settlement between the brothers, but it broke down when 'Isa rebelled against the Ghaznavids in 1029. Two years later Mahmud's son [[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud]] sent an army which killed 'Isa and installed Abu'l-'Askar Husayn in his place.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Baloch|Rafiqi|1999|p=297}}; {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bosworth|1975|p=173}}</ref> The latter ruled Makran until after 1058 and was known as a man of learning. Some time after his death the power of the Ma'danids came to an end, presumably in the late 11th or 12th century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Makran remained vassal under the Ghaznavids until 1078 AD.<ref name=":1078" />

==See also==
*[[History of Balochistan]]
*[[List of Sunni Muslim dynasties]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N. A. |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 1 |last2=Rafiqi |first2=A. Q. |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year=1999 |isbn=978-92-3-103654-5 |editor-last=Asimov |editor-first=M.S. |location=New Delhi |language=en |chapter=The regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir: the historical, social, and economic setting |editor-last2=Bosworth |editor-first2=C.E.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=C.E |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC |title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: The Period From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs |date=1975-06-26 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |editor-last=R. N. |editor-first=Frye |location=New York |language=en |chapter=The Early Ghaznavids}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kZ4QgAACAAJ |title=The History of the Saffarids of Sistan and the Maliks of Nimruz: (247/861 to 949/1542-3) |date=1994 |publisher=Mazda Publishers |isbn=978-1-56859-015-8 |location=Costa Mesa, California |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Panhwar |first=M. H. |author-link=M. H. Panhwar |title=An Illustrated Historical Atlas Of Soomra Kingdom Of Sindh (1011-1351 AD) |date=January 2003 |publisher=Soomra National Council |location=Sindh}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Dynasties of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sunni dynasties]]

Trailokyanath Goswami

2026-03-26T12:31:31Z

Daljeetbhutal: typo fix

{{short description|Indian Assamese author (1906–1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| embed =
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Trailokyanath Goswami
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
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| alt =
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| birth_date = {{birth date text|1906}}
| birth_place = [[Nalbari, Assam]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1988|12|01|1906|01|01}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Novelist, short story writer
| language =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notableworks = Adhunik Asamiya Galpa Sangraha
| spouse = 
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'''Trailokyanath Goswami''' (1906–1988) was noted writer from [[Nalbari, Assam]], India. He wrote various novels and short stories in Assamese language.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Assamese literature|last=Sarma|first=Satyendranath|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=94}}</ref> He is known for realistic variety in his works.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern Assamese literature|last=Barua|first=Birinchi Kumar|publisher=Lawyers's Book Stall|year=1957|isbn=|location=|pages=83}}</ref> Having understanding of both eastern and eastern aesthetics, has sound judgement and wide sympathy. He made critical analysis of trends in modern literature.

== Early life and career ==
He was born in 1906 in [[Nalbari district]]. He started his career as school teacher in Gordon High School in Nalbari. He served A.K Institute in [[North Guwahati]] as head master. He worked as assistant lecturer in English in [[Cotton College]] in [[Guwahati]] and Murarichand College in [[Sylhet]]. In 1945, he resigned from government post and joined founder principal of [[Nalbari College]] in Nalbari. He edited and published magazine named Mandakini in 1967. He was president of [[Asam Sahitya Sabha]] for sessions held in [[Palasbari]] (1960) and [[Goalpara]] (1961). He addressed Prajatantra Prachar Samiti, [[Odisha]] in 1967 as guest-in-chief. He was well versed in [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]] languages.

== Works ==
He was story-teller with some novels in his name. He published various collections of short stories, which has realistic portrayal of various facets of society and criticism of the dwindling morals and values of the same. His works are distinguished by poise and balance, which has faith in ultimate regeneration of society. His notable works are Aruna (1948), Marichika (1948), Shilpir Janma (1957) and Jivanar Jiya Jui (1970), Jiya Manuh (satirical novel), Sahitya Alochana (1950), Adhunik Galpa Sahitya (1961), Samudra Manthana (1968), Ingraji Samalochanar Dhara aru Asamiya Sahitayar Prabhav (1970), Sahitya Kala aru tar Vichar (1972), Sahitya Samiksha and Nandanattava:Pracharya aru Pashchatya (1980).

== Recognition ==
In 1967 he was awarded [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his Adhunik Galpa Sahitya and Assam Publication Board Award was conferred to him in 1984 for Nandanattava:Pracharya aru Pashchatya.

==See also==
*[[Kanak Lal Barua]], writer, essayist, historian and politician

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goswami, Trailokyanath}}
[[Category:People from Nalbari district]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Assamese-language writers]]
[[Category:People from Nalbari]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Assamese]]

Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee

2026-03-25T09:18:29Z

Daljeetbhutal: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Indian Sikh administrative organization}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
| image =
| size = 140px
| caption =
| abbreviation = SGPC
| motto =
| formation = 16 November 1920<ref name="Dilgeer.com 1920">{{cite web | title=• ENGLISH ARTICLES- Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) | website=Dilgeer.com | date=15 November 1920 | url=http://hsdilgeer.com/sgpc2.htm | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref>
| logo = Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee Official Logo.jpg
| type = Management Organisation
| headquarters = Teja Singh Samundri Hall, Sri Harmandir Sahib Complex, Sri Amritsar
| location = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = [[Harjinder Singh Dhami]]
| website = http://sgpc.net
}}

The '''Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee''' ({{small|abbr.}} '''SGPC'''; {{small|lit.}} Supreme Gurdwara Management Committee) is an organization in India responsible for the management of ''[[gurdwara]]s'', [[Sikhism|Sikh]] places of worship, in the states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] and the union territory of [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="Offensive 2016">{{cite web | title=SGPC executive passes Rs 1,064 crore budget | newspaper=The Times of India | date=1 April 2016 | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/SGPC-executive-passes-Rs-1064-crore-budget/articleshow/51640626.cms | access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Education thrust area in Rs 1,064-cr SGPC budget|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/education-thrust-area-in-rs-1-064-cr-sgpc-budget/story-bYHRvVTiz5inIdvTvBFmAI.html}}</ref> SGPC also administers [[Golden Temple|Darbar Sahib]] in [[Amritsar]].<ref name="News18 2016">{{cite web | title=SGPC bans shooting of films at Golden Temple complex | website=News18 | date=19 March 2016 | url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/sgpc-bans-shooting-of-films-at-golden-temple-complex-1218528.html | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref>

The SGPC is governed by the president of SGPC.<ref name="Official Website of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Sri Amritsar">{{cite web | title=Official Website of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Sri Amritsar – SGPC Administration / Officials | website=Official Website of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, Sri Amritsar | url=http://sgpc.net/contact-us/sgpc-administration-officials/ | language=la | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=SGPC asked to start its own media network|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/SGPC-asked-to-start-its-own-media-network/articleshow/51735263.cms}}</ref> The SGPC manages the security, financial, facility maintenance and religious aspects of Gurdwaras as well as keeping archaeologically rare and sacred artifacts, including weapons, clothes, books and writings of the [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Gurus]].<ref name="Welcome To DESGPC Website">{{cite web | title=About Us | website=Welcome To DESGPC Website | url=http://desgpc.org/about_us.html | access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref>

Bibi [[Jagir Kaur]] became the first woman to be elected president of the SGPC for the second time in September 2004. She had held the same post from March 1999 to November 2000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/24/stories/2004092402941300.htm| title=Jagir Kaur is SGPC chief again|date=24 September 2004|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=22 July 2018 }}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==History==

{{Main|Akali movement}}

===Foundation===
In 1920 the emerging [[Akali movement|Akali]] leadership summoned a general assembly of the Sikhs holding all shades of opinion on 15 November 1920 in vicinity of the [[Akal Takht]] in [[Amritsar]]. The purpose of this assembly was to elect a representative committee of the Sikhs to administer the [[Harmandir Sahib]] Complex and other important historical [[gurdwara]]s. Two days before the proposed conference the British government set up its own committee consisting of 36 [[Sikhs]] to manage the Harimandir Sahib. Sikhs held their scheduled meeting and elected a bigger committee consisting of 175 members and named it '''Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee'''. The members of the government appointed committee were also included in it. Harbans Singh Attari became vice president and Sunder Singh Ramgarhia became secretary of the committee. By that time [[Master Tara Singh]] had started taking interest in Sikh religious affairs. He was one of the 175 members elected to the committee. The formation of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee provided a focal point for the movement for the reformation of Sikh religious places. The committee began to take over management of gurdwaras one by one, and were resisted by incumbent [[mahants]].
[[File:Photograph of members of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, ca.1921–27.jpg|thumb|Photograph of members of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, ca.1921–27]]
Starting in late 1920, a large number of reformers both in urban and rural Punjab had joined to form separate and independent religious orders called [[jatha]]s. The primary purpose of a jatha was to gain control over local gurdwaras. A jatha under the command of a [[jathedar]] would occupy a shrine and try to take over management in its favor from its current incumbents. Sometimes the transfer went peacefully especially in the case of smaller Gurdwaras with less income resources. This was done sometimes with the threat of force.

The Sikh leadership was fully aware of the importance of the press for the success of any movement. It enlisted the active support and sympathy of some of the important nationalist papers in the country like 'The Independent', Swaraj (Hindi), The Tribune, Liberal, Kesri (Urdu), Milap (Urdu), Zamindar (Urdu) and Bande Matram (Hindi).Two of the vernacular dailies Akali (Pbi.) and the Akali-te-Pardesi (Urdu), edited by [[Master Tara Singh]] also played an important role. It brought the necessary awakening among the Sikh masses and prepared them to undertake the struggle for reform. With the direct and indirect support of the Central Sikh League, the [[Indian National Congress]] and the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] started a non-violent struggle against the government for the control of the Gurdwaras. The reports of some immoral acts perpetrated at Tarn-Taran reached the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee at its meeting on 14 January 1921. A fortnight earlier a local jatha was beaten up and not allowed to perform [[kirtan]] at the gurdwara. It decided to send a jatha from [[Amritsar, Punjab|Amritsar]] under Jathedar Teja Singh Bhuchar. Jathedar [[Kartar Singh Jhabbar]] with Akalis from 'Khara Sauda Bar' joined him. On 25 January, a group of about forty workers took over the control of Sri Darbar Sahib Tarn-Taran from its Mahant. In the ensuing conflict two Akalis were killed and several others wounded by the henchmen of the Mahants. The Mahants were ousted from the Gurdwara and the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee appointed a managing committee.

===Gurdwaras Act of 1925===
{{Main|Gurdwaras Act of 1925}}

In early 1920s, [[Malcolm Hailey]], the governor of the Punjab showed his readiness to assist the Sikhs in taking possession of all the important Gurdwaras in the province through a five-member committee constituted by the Sikh members of the legislative council. Hailey presented a draft of a new Gurdwara Bill to the Akali leaders imprisoned in Lahore fort. [[Master Tara Singh]], Bhag singh Advocate, Gurcharn singh Advocate, Teja Singh Akerpuri (Jathedar AkalTakht Sahib) Sohan Singh Josh and Sardar Teja Singh Samundri studied each clause of the bill carefully. The bill met all the Akali demands and was signed into law on 28 July 1925 by the [[List of governors-general of India|Viceroy]] of India after its ratification by the Punjab legislative council. The Act came into force on 1 November 1925 with a gazette notification from the government of Punjab.

The Act made a Central Gurdwara Board elected by the Sikhs to be the custodian of all important Sikh places of worship. The first meeting of the Gurdwara board passed a resolution that its designation be changed to Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee, which was accepted by the government. Thus ended what came to be known in common parlance as the 'Third Sikh War'. The Punjab government withdrew its orders declaring the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee and other Akali organs as unlawful associations and recognized the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee as a representative body of the Sikhs. In making the Punjab government agree to such recognition, the Akali leadership undoubtedly scored a victory over the bureaucracy. The Sikh Gurdwara bill met most of the demands of the Sikhs, but the government was willing to release the prisoners conditionally i.e. on the understanding to be given by the Akalis that they would agree to work for the Gurdwara Act. The Shiromani Akali Dal and the executive declared conditions imposed for the release of prisoners as wholly unnecessary, unjust and derogatory. Among the prominent Akalis, Mehtab Singh and [[Giani Sher Singh]] along with twenty other Akali leaders accepted the conditional release. Master Tara Singh, Bhag Singh Advocate, Teja Singh Samundari, Teja singh Akerpuri (Jathedar Akal Takht) and Fifteen other Akalis did not come out as government emphasis on eliciting written assurance and acceptance was to Master Tara Singh, an attack on the self-respect of the Sikhs. He said, "We ourselves have enacted this Act and we are responsible for implementing it, then why this condition?" Teja Singh Samundari died of a heart attack in the jail after some time. The Punjab Government failed to prove the charges against Master Tara Singh and the remaining Akalis, few months later they all were released unconditionally. The courage and sacrifice shown by the Akalis during the trial very soon drove the Mehtab Singh's group out of the political field and led to a rift in the Akali ranks, as the newly released Akalis condemned Mehtab Singh's group as collaborators. Mehtab Singh's group was also known as 'Rai Bahadur Party'. This group had majority in the committee and Mehtab Singh was elected its president. The Akali Party launched a campaign against the conditionally released leaders. When the new elections for the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee were held, the Akali Party won majority and the newly elected Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee elected Kharak Singh as the President<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Panwar|editor1-first=Ranjit Singh|editor2-last=Shankar|editor2-first=Kripa|title=Sikh achievers|date=2008|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170103653|pages=14–15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfuDnpVlmlcC&q=KHARAK+SINGH}}</ref> and Master Tara Singh as the Vice President. Since [[Baba Kharak Singh]] had not yet been released the responsibility of the president fell on the shoulders of Master Tara Singh.At the time of 1996 the first time SGPC election is held in Himachal Pradesh and the first person who won from that seat is the candidate of Panthak Akalidal whose name is Satnam Singh Gill.

===1953 amendment to Gurdwaras Act of 1925===
In 1953, an amendment to the 1925 act allowed the reservation of 20 out 140 seats on the SGPC for the members of the Sikh scheduled castes<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Puri|first1=H.K|title=Scheduled castes in Sikh community: A historical perspective|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|date=2003|volume=38|issue=26(Jun. 28 - 4 Jul. 2003)|pages=2693–2701|jstor=4413731}}</ref>

===2016 amendment to Gurdwaras Act of 1925===
The 2016 amendment to the act by the Indian parliament stripped around 7 million '[[Sahajdhari|Sehajdhari]]' Sikhs of voting in the SGPC elections<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nibber|first1=Gurpreet Singh|title=HT Explainer: What's behind excluding Sehajdharis from Sikh body polls?|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/who-are-sehajdharis-more-about-sikh-gurudwara-act-amendment-in-lok-sabha/story-fcsAFqeKzrrQijz1OPRkEL.html|access-date=22 May 2017|issue=16 April 2016|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=2016}}</ref>

==Presidents==
{{Infobox political post
| border =
| post = President of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
| incumbent = [[Harjinder Singh Dhami]]
| image = HSDhami.jpg
| incumbentsince = 29 November 2021
| inaugural = [[Sundar Singh Majithia]]
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1920|10|12}}
| style = [[Jathedar]]
| appointer = Members of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
| website = {{Official website|http://sgpc.net/}}
| body =
}}
{{Distinguish|Jathedar of the Akal Takht}}
The '''president of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee''' (SGPC) is elected by the Members of SGPC.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/c/s/m.hindustantimes.com/amp/#ampf= Know What is SGPC] ''Hindustan Times''. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</ref> The president holds powers to organise the meetings of SGPC and deal with matters related with issues of [[Sikh]] religion and oversees the managements of the [[Gurdwara]]s.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230526093745/https://lawsofindia.org/pdf/haryana/1925/1925HR8.pdf%26ved=2ahUKEwieyNjVubzoAhXEYysKHbPPBzgQFjADegQIARAB%26usg=AOvVaw0_OJgCbdrRhwLVM2xwe_ad/ Sikh Gurdwara Act, 1925]}} ''Laws of India''. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</ref> Since 2008, the president also serves as Chancellor of [[Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University]].<ref>[https://www.sggswu.edu.in/leadership.html Chancellor] ''sggswu.edu.in''. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>

In 1920 SGPC was established when [[Akali Movement|Gurdwara Reform Movement]] was started.<ref name="RaghbirSingh1997">{{cite book | author=Raghbir Singh | title=Akali movement, 1926-1947 | year=1997 | publisher = Omsons | isbn = 978-81-7117-163-7}}</ref> [[Sundar Singh Majithia]] was appointed first President of the committee. This post got legal status after the passing of [[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925]] by legislation in [[British India]].

After passing of this act [[Baba Kharak Singh]] became the President. The longest-served president of SGPC was [[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]] who served for 24 years and shortest-served was Gopal Singh Qaumi who served only for one day in June 1933. The first and the only woman president was [[Jagir Kaur]]. [[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]] served the most, 7 terms.

===List of presidents===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S. No.
!Name
!Portrait
!colspan=3|Tenure<ref>[http://sgpc.net/honble-presidents-of-sgpc/ Former President of SGPC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304091536/http://sgpc.net/honble-presidents-of-sgpc/ |date=4 March 2020 }} ''sgpc.net''. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</ref>
|-
!colspan=6|Before Sikh Gurdwara Act (1920–1926)
|-
|1
|[[Sundar Singh Majithia]]
|[[File:Sardar Sundar Singh Majithia.png|100px]]
|12 October 1920
|14 August 1921
|{{Ayd|1920|10|12|1921|08|14}}
|-
|2
|[[Baba Kharak Singh|Kharak Singh]]
|[[File:Baba Kharak Singh 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|14 August 1921
|19 February 1922
|{{Ayd|1921|08|14|1922|02|19}}
|-
|3
|Sundar Singh Ramgarhia{{Efn|Alternatively spelt as 'Ramgarhiya'.|group=note}}
|[[File:Depiction of Sundar Singh Ramgarhiya (Ramgarhia).jpg|100px]]
|19 February 1922
|16 July 1922
|{{Ayd|1922|02|19|1922|07|16}}
|-
|4
|[[Mehtab Singh, Sardar Bahadur|Mehtab Singh]]
|[[File:Mehtab Singh, Sardar Bahadur.jpg|100px]]
|16 July 1922
|27 April 1925
|{{Ayd|1922|07|16|1925|04|27}}
|-
|5
|[[Mangal Singh]]
|[[File:Sardar Mangal Singh.jpg|100px]]
|27 April 1925
|2 October 1926
|{{Ayd|1925|04|27|1926|12|02}}
|-
!colspan=6|After Sikh Gurdwara Act (1926-till now)
|-
|(2)
|[[Baba Kharak Singh|Kharak Singh]]
|[[File:Baba Kharak Singh 1988 stamp of India.jpg|100px]]
|2 October 1926
|12 October 1930
|{{Ayd|1926|10|02|1930|10|12}}
|-
|6
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|12 October 1930
|17 June 1933
|{{Ayd|1930|10|12|1933|06|17}}
|-
|7
|[[Gopal Singh Qaumi]]
| [[File:Jathedar Gopal Singh Qaumi.jpg|100px]]
|17 June 1933
|18 June 1933
|{{Ayd|1933|06|17|1933|06|18}}
|-
|8
|[[Partap Singh Shankar]]
| [[File:Partap Singh Shankar.jpg|100px]]
|18 June 1933
|13 June 1936
|{{Ayd|1933|06|18|1936|06|13}}
|-
|(6)
|Master [[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|13 June 1936
|19 November 1944
|{{Ayd|1936|06|13|1944|11|19}}
|-
|9
|[[Mohan Singh Nagoke]]
|[[File:Mohan Singh Nagoke.jpg|129x129px]]
|19 November 1944
|28 June 1948
|{{Ayd|1944|11|19|1948|06|28}}
|-
|10
|[[Udham Singh Nagoke]]
|[[File:Udham Singh Nagoke.jpg|100px]]
|28 June 1948
|18 March 1950
|{{Ayd|1948|06|28|1950|03|18}}
|-
|11
|Chanan Singh Urara
|[[File:SGPC President Chanan Singh Urara seated with Akali Cabinet.jpg|100px]]
|18 March 1950
|26 November 1950
|{{Ayd|1950|03|18|1950|11|26}}
|-
|(10)
|[[Udham Singh Nagoke]]
|[[File:Udham Singh Nagoke.jpg|100px]]
|26 November 1950
|29 June 1952
|{{Ayd|1950|11|26|1952|06|29}}
|-
|(6)
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|29 June 1952
|5 October 1952
|{{Ayd|1952|06|29|1952|10|05}}
|-
|12
|Preetam Singh Khuranj
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|5 October 1952
|18 January 1954
|{{Ayd|1952|10|05|1954|01|18}}
|-
|13
|[[Ishar Singh Majhail]]
|[[File:Ishar Singh Majhail (Cropped).jpg|100px]]
|18 January 1954
|7 February 1955
|{{Ayd|1954|01|18|1955|02|07}}
|-
|(6)
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|7 February 1955
|21 May 1955
|{{Ayd|1955|02|07|1955|05|21}}
|-
|14
|[[Bawa Harkrishan Singh]]
| [[File:Bawa Harkrishan Singh.jpg|100px]]
|21 May 1955
|7 July 1955
|{{Ayd|1955|05|21|1955|07|07}}
|-
|15
|[[Gian Singh Rarewala]]
|[[File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png|100px]]
|7 July 1955
|16 October 1955
|{{Ayd|1955|07|07|1955|10|16}}
|-
|(6)
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|16 October 1955
|16 November 1958
|{{Ayd|1955|10|16|1958|11|16}}
|-
|16
|[[Prem Singh Lalpur]]
|[[File:Prem Singh Lalpur.jpeg|100px]]
|16 November 1958
|7 March 1960
|{{Ayd|1958|11|16|1960|03|07}}
|-
|(6)
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|7 March 1960
|30 April 1960
|{{Ayd|1960|03|07|1960|04|30}}
|-
|17
|Ajit Singh Bala
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|30 April 1960
|10 March 1961
|{{Ayd|1960|04|30|1961|03|10}}
|-
|(6)
|[[Tara Singh (activist)|Tara Singh]]
|[[File:Master Tara Singh.png|100px]]
|10 March 1961
|11 March 1962
|{{Ayd|1961|03|10|1962|03|11}}
|-
|18
|Kirpal Singh 'Chak Sherewal'
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|11 March 1962
|2 October 1962
|{{Ayd|1962|03|11|1962|10|02}}
|-
|19
|Sant Chanan Singh
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|2 October 1962
|30 November 1972
|{{Ayd|1962|10|02|1972|11|30}}
|-
|20
|[[Mohan Singh Tur]]
|[[File:Mohan Singh Tur Official portrait 1977.gif|100px]]
|30 November 1972
|6 June 1973
|{{Ayd|1972|11|30|1973|06|06}}
|-
|21
|[[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]]
|[[File:Gurcharan Singh Tohra.jpg|100px]]
|6 June 1973
|23 March 1986
|{{Ayd|1973|06|06|1986|03|23}}
|-
|22
|Kabal Singh
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|23 March 1986
|30 November 1986
|{{Ayd|1986|03|23|1986|11|30}}
|-
|(21)
|[[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]]
|[[File:Gurcharan Singh Tohra.jpg|100px]]
|30 November 1986
|28 November 1990
|{{Ayd|1986|11|30|1990|11|28}}
|-
|23
|Baldev Singh Sibiya
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|28 November 1990
|13 November 1991
|{{Ayd|1990|11|28|1991|11|13}}
|-
|(21)
|[[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]]
|[[File:Gurcharan Singh Tohra.jpg|100px]]
|13 November 1991
|16 March 1999
|{{Ayd|1991|11|13|1999|02|16}}
|-
|24
|[[Jagir Kaur]]
|[[File:Jagir Kaur.jpg|100px]]
|16 March 1999
|30 November 2000
|{{Ayd|1999|03|16|2000|11|30}}
|-
|25
|[[Jagdev Singh Talwandi]]
|[[File:Jagdev Singh Talwandi.jpg|100px]]
|30 November 2000
|27 November 2001
|{{Ayd|2000|11|30|2001|11|27}}
|-
|26
|[[Kirpal Singh Badungar]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|27 November 2001
|27 July 2003
|{{Ayd|2001|11|27|2003|06|27}}
|-
|(21)
|[[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]]
|[[File:Gurcharan Singh Tohra.jpg|100px]]
|27 July 2003
|31 March 2004
|{{Ayd|2003|06|27|2004|03|31}}
|-
|27
|Alwinderpal Singh Pakhoke
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|1 April 2004
|22 September 2004
|{{Ayd|2004|04|01|2004|09|22}}
|-
|(24)
|[[Jagir Kaur]]
|[[File:Jagir Kaur.jpg|100px]]
|23 September 2004
|22 November 2005
|{{Ayd|2004|09|23|2005|11|22}}
|-
|28
|[[Avtar Singh Makkar]]
|[[File:Avtar Singh Makkar.jpg|100px]]
|23 November 2005
|4 November 2016
|{{Ayd|2005|11|23|2016|11|04}}
|-
|(26)
|[[Kirpal Singh Badungar]]
|[[File:Blank.svg|100px]]
|5 November 2016
|28 November 2017
|{{Ayd|2016|11|05|2017|11|28}}
|-
|29
|[[Gobind Singh Longowal]]
|[[File:Gobind Singh Longowal.jpg|100px]]
|29 November 2017
|27 November 2020
|{{Ayd|2017|11|29|2020|11|27}}
|-
|(24)
|[[Jagir Kaur]]
|[[File:Jagir Kaur.jpg|100px]]
|27 November 2020
|29 November 2021
|{{Ayd|2020|11|27|2021|11|29}}
|-
|30
|[[Harjinder Singh Dhami]]
|[[File:HSDhami.jpg|alt=Harjinder Singh Dhami ਹਰਜਿੰਦਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਧਾਮੀ|137x137px]]
|29 November 2021
|Incumbent
|{{Ayd|2021|11|29}}
|}

==Statistics==
===List of presidents by their tenure===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:1.4em; text-align:center"
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" |#
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |President
! rowspan="2" style="width:6em" |Total terms
! colspan="2" |Term of office
|-
! Longest continuous term
! Total duration as president
|-
!1
|Gurcharan Singh Tohra
|4
|12 years, 290 days
|24 years, 296 days
|-
!2
|Master Tara Singh
|7
|8 years, 159 days
|15 years, 329 days
|-
!3
|Avtar Singh Makkar
|1
|10 years, 347 days
|10 years, 347 days
|-
!4
|Sant Chanan Singh
|1
|10 years, 59 days
|10 years, 59 days
|-
!5
|Kharak Singh
|2
|4 years, 10 days
|4 years, 199 days
|-
!6
|'''Harjinder Singh Dhami'''*
|'''1'''*
|'''{{age in years and days|2021|11|29}}'''
|'''{{age in years and days|2021|11|29}}'''
|-
!7
|Jagir Kaur
|3
|1 year, 259 days
|3 years, 321 days
|-
!8
|Mohan Singh Nagoke
|1
|3 years, 222 days
|3 years, 222 days
|-
!9
|Udham Singh Nagoke
|2
|1 year, 263 days
|3 years, 124 days
|-
!10
|Gobind Singh Longewal
|1
|2 years, 364 days
|2 years, 364 days
|-
!11
|Partap Singh
|1
|2 years, 361 days
|2 years, 361 days
|-
!12
|Mehtab Singh
|1
|2 years, 285 days
|2 years, 285 days
|-
!13
|Kirpal Singh Badungar
|2
|1 year, 212 days
|2 years, 245 days
|-
!14
|Mangal Singh
|1
|1 year, 219 days
|1 year, 219 days
|-
!15
|Prem Singh Lalpur
|1
|1 year, 112 days
|1 year, 122 days
|-
!16
|Preetam Singh Khuranj
|1
|1 year, 105 days
|1 year, 105 days
|-
!17
|Isher Singh Majhail
|1
|1 year, 20 days
|1 year, 20 days
|-
!18
|Jagdev Singh Talwandi
|1
|362 days
|362 days
|-
!19
|Baldev Singh Sibiya
|1
|350 days
|350 days
|-
!20
|Ajit Singh Bala
|1
|314 days
|314 days
|-
!21
|Sunder Singh Majithia
|1
|306 days
|306 days
|-
!22
|Kabal Singh
|1
|252 days
|252 days
|-
!23
|Chanan Singh Urar
|1
|250 days
|250 days
|-
!24
|Kirpal Singh Chak Sherewal
|1
|205 days
|205 days
|-
!25
|Mohan Singh Tur
|1
|188 days
|188 days
|-
!26
|Alwinderpal Singh Pakhoke
|1
|174 days
|174 days
|-
!27
|Sundar Singh Ramgarhia
|1
|147 days
|147 days
|-
!28
|Gian Singh Rarewala
|1
|101 days
|101 days
|-
!29
|Bawa Harkrishan Singh
|1
|47 days
|47 days
|-
!30
|Gopal Singh Quami
|1
|1 day
|1 day
|}

== Controversies ==

=== Casteism ===
{{See also|Caste_system_in_India#Sikh}}
The SGPC has been accused of representing the interests of Jat Sikhs over other castes and its membership and leadership being dominated by members of the Jat community, which makes other castes feel left out and discriminated against.<ref>Ram, Ronki. “Social Exclusion, Resistance and Deras: Exploring the Myth of Casteless Sikh Society in Punjab.” ''Economic and Political Weekly'', vol. 42, no. 40, 2007, pp. 4066–74. ''JSTOR'', {{JSTOR|40276650}}. Accessed 8 Jan. 2023.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Thampi |first=Praveen S. |date=8 March 2008 |title=Simmering discontent: Sikhs in Punjab are fighting many wars |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-big-story/simmering-discontent-sikhs-in-punjab-are-fighting-many-wars/articleshow/2846479.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-01-08}}</ref> In defence, the SGPC's early history of fighting casteism has been highlighted<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-13 |title=How SGPC fought untouchability, caste system in its formative years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/how-sgpc-fought-untouchability-caste-system-in-its-formative-years-6722759/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and the actions they take against reported instances of caste-based discrimination.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-22 |title=Bias against Dalit Sikhs: SGPC forms two-member panel |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/bias-against-dalit-sikhs-sgpc-forms-two-member-panel/story-bF0GePjUwgWXMgSVGpsT4H.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Also, a former [[Jathedar of the Akal Takht]] claims to be from a lower-caste background.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Explained: Punjab politics and Sikhs' caste identity - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/explained-punjab-politics-and-sikhs-caste-identity/articleshow/86612753.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

=== Allegations of apathy to heritage ===
[[File:True-colour photograph - ‘Two Sikhs sit in front of the small sanctuary next to the western door of the Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple)’, 15 January 1914.jpg|thumb|Colour photograph with the caption of ‘Two Sikhs sit in front of the small sanctuary next to the western door of the Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple)’, taken on 15 January 1914 by a Frenchman by the name of Stéphane Passet. This structure and the frescoes seen inside are no longer extant and were demolished some time later]]
The SGPC has been criticized by Sikh organizations and individuals for having an apathetic and destructive attitude towards historical Sikh heritage sites, [[Sikh art and culture|artwork]], and [[Sikh architecture|architecture]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-02 |title='Don't demolish history': Sikh groups protest against SGPC's plans to renovate 90-year-old inn |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/sikh-groups-protest-against-sgpcs-plans-to-renovate-90-year-old-inn-7433808/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=Row over heritage structure: SGPC task force, Sikh activists clash at Golden Temple construction site |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/row-over-heritage-structure-sgpc-task-force-sikh-activists-clash-at-golden-temple-construction-site-101628106591520.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-19 |title=Sikh Collective starts signature campaign for Sikh Heritage Conservation |url=https://www.theworldsikhnews.com/sikh-collective-starts-signature-campaign-for-sikh-heritage-conservation/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The World Sikh News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=I.P. |date=7 October 2018 |title=Heritage under the hammer {{!}} Ludhiana News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/heritage-under-the-hammer/articleshow/66103515.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Singh |first1=I.P. |last2=Rana |first2=Yudhvir |date=23 August 2021 |title=Sikhs wake up late to the loss of religious heritage {{!}} Ludhiana News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/sikhs-wake-up-late-to-the-loss-of-religious-heritage/articleshow/85548603.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2003 |others=Tribune News Service |title=Frescos of Hindu gods whitewashed |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030727/main5.htm |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News - www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> In response to these criticisms, the SGPC announced that it has launched a project to document Sikh heritage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-20 |title=SGPC drive to conserve Sikh heritage structures on the cards |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sgpc-drive-to-conserve-sikh-heritage-structures-on-the-cards/story-qQPvs2BLj9d13o4q6qdVPP.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-31 |others=Sikh24 Punjab Bureau |title=Beleaguered over Destruction of Heritage, SGPC Plans to Initiate Sikh Archives Project |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2021/07/31/beleaguered-over-destruction-of-heritage-sgpc-plans-to-initiate-sikh-archives-project/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref> As many as ninety percent of Sikh heritage monuments have been destroyed in Punjab in the name of renovation and [[kar seva]].<ref>Glover, William J. "Shiny new buildings: rebuilding historic sikh gurdwaras in Indian Punjab." ''Future Anterior'', vol. 9, no. 1, summer 2012, pp. 32+. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A313972601/AONE?u=anon~bc4b7e36&sid=googleScholar&xid=807b241c. Accessed 8 Jan. 2023.</ref> Historic trees associated with [[Sikh history]] are also at risk due to neglectful and poorly made judgements without consulting botanical experts, such as strangling the roots and base with concrete and marble, covering the trees with fibre glass, and erecting steel beams around the trunks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=26 June 2004 |title=Covering 'beri' tree may disturb birds' habitat |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040626/punjab1.htm |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab - www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> Efforts are ongoing to revive and preserve the life of the ''Beri'' trees surrounding the Golden Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Efforts on to revive beris at Golden Temple {{!}} Sikh Sangat News |url=http://sikhsangat.org/2013/efforts-on-to-revive-beris-at-golden-temple/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2022 |others=Tribune News Service |title=Restoration of centuries-old berry trees at Golden Temple begins |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/restoration-of-berry-trees-at-golden-temple-begins-385699 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=TribuneIndia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Temple's Dukh Bhanjan Ber freed of concrete {{!}} Sikh Sangat News |url=http://sikhsangat.org/2012/golden-temples-dukh-bhanjan-ber-freed-of-concrete/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2007 |title=Do not touch 'beris' in Golden Temple complex |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/05/29/do-not-touch-beris-in-golden-temple-complex-1180433382.html |website=OneIndia News}}</ref> The SGPC has also been criticized for their lack of action on preventing ''beadbi'' (desecrations) of the Guru Granth Sahib and other [[Sikh scriptures]] from occurring.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-10 |others=Sikh24 Editors |title=BREAKING: Seven Holy Scriptures of Sri Guru Granth Sahib burnt in Sri Mukatsar Sahib |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2017/04/10/breaking-seven-holy-scriptures-of-sri-guru-granth-sahib-burnt-in-sri-mukatsar-sahib/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Large amounts of historical Sikh scriptural manuscripts have been systematically "cremated" (burnt to destruction)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=Gurinder Singh |title=The Making of Sikh Scripture |publisher=Oxford Academic |year=2001 |pages=121–136 |chapter=8 The Guru Granth Sahib |quote=...all old manuscripts were sent to Goindval for “cremation” in the late 1980s}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Sikh art from the Kapany Collection |date=2021 |others=P. M. Taylor, Sonia Dhami, Sikh Foundation, National Museum of Natural History. Asian Cultural History Program |isbn=978-81-949691-2-9 |edition=First Indian |location=New Delhi, India |pages=296–302 |oclc=1258082801}}</ref> over the years at secretive ''‘Angitha Sahib’'' gurdwaras in Punjab.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dogra |first=Chander Suta |date=2013-05-27 |title=Endangered texts |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/endangered-texts/article4750493.ece |access-date=2023-01-08 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

According to [[Sikh Studies|Sikh scholar]], Gurtej Singh, on who is to blame for the plight of Sikh historical heritage:<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |last=Dogra |first=Chander Suta |date=3 May 2016 |title=Have You the Eyes for It? |work=SikhNet (republished, originally published by Outlook Magazine) |url=https://www.sikhnet.com/news/have-you-eyes-it |access-date=21 September 2023 |quote=}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=Whether it is the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee or the Akal Takht or even the political Akali Dal which draws its strength from the former two, there is no appreciation for our heritage. Scholars like us do not matter in the scheme of things, because we obstruct their commercial aspirations. The SGPC patronises these babas and they do not realise that they are converting history into mythology by destroying historical evidence.|author=Gurtej Singh}}

On 6 September 2023, the SGPC announced plans to digitize Sikh literature and scriptures kept in the collection of Sri Guru Ramdas Library in Amritsar.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Amrik |date=6 September 2023 |title=SGPC decided to establish a press in America and print the holy images of Sri Guru Granth Sahib |url=https://www.punjabnewsexpress.com/punjab/news/sgpc-decided-to-establish-a-press-in-america-and-print-the-holy-images-of-sri-guru-granth-sahib-221221 |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Punjab News Express}}</ref> There are plans to make the digitized works available to the public on a website in the near future.<ref name=":3" />

=== Lack of action towards missionaries ===
{{See also|Christianity in Punjab, India}}
After being criticized for their lack of action in responding the growing number of Sikhs leaving the fold and converting to Christianity and not addressing the caste and social issues that gives impetus to the phenomenon,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conversions in Punjab: Lure, superstition, mind games or faith? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/why-people-are-switching-to-christianity-in-heartland-of-sikh-faith-punjab-exclusive-report-1991716-2022-08-23 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Punjabi Dalits are turning to Christianity en masse {{!}} Ground report |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/why-punjabi-dalits-are-turning-to-christianity-en-masse-ground-report-2300922-2022-11-23 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaiswal |first=Priya |date=2021-10-14 |title=Opinion {{!}} Why Christian missionaries are trying to convert Sikh youths in Punjab? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/why-christian-missionaries-are-trying-to-convert-sikh-youths-in-punjab-aaj-ki-baat-episode-october-13-rajat-sharma-blogpost-740309 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Misra |first=Shubhangi |date=2021-12-02 |title=How Christianity is growing among Mazhabi Sikhs & Valmiki Hindus in Punjab's villages |url=https://theprint.in/india/how-christianity-is-growing-among-mazhabi-sikhs-valmiki-hindus-in-punjabs-villages/775047/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> and as a response to the allegations and growing tension between the local Sikh and Christian communities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Conversion In Punjab: Not All Churchgoers Are Christian & That Makes Majority Sikhs Nervous — Article 14 |url=https://www.article-14.com/post/religious-conversion-in-punjab-not-all-churchgoers-are-christian-that-makes-majority-sikhs-nervous-6316b7212f2d7 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.article-14.com |language=en}}</ref> the SGPC had announced a drive called ''Ghar Ghar Andar Dharamsaal'' (meaning 'sacred shrine within every home') to counter missionaries targeting Sikhs and to educate the Sikh population on the tenets of their faith.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-10 |title=SGPC launches drive to counter Christian missionaries in Punjab |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sgpc-launches-drive-to-counter-christian-missionaries-in-punjab-101633808437608.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SGPC sends teams across Punjab to counter religious missionary conversions – HinduTimesCanada |url=https://hindutimescanada.ca/sgpc-sends-teams-across-punjab-to-counter-religious-missionary-conversions/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=Punjab - SGPC launches drive to counter Christian missionaries |url=https://vskbharat.com/punjab-sgpc-launches-drive-to-counter-christian-missionaries-in-punjab/?lang=en |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=VSK Bharat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir |date=16 June 2022 |title=SGPC takes up issue of religious conversion of Sikhs with minority commission {{!}} Amritsar News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/sgpc-takes-up-issue-of-religious-conversion-of-sikhs-with-minority-commission/articleshow/92258238.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2022 |others=Sikh Press Association |title=Sikh body condemn ongoing Christian "forced conversions" in Punjab {{!}} SikhPA |url=https://www.sikhpa.com/sikh-body-condemn-ongoing-christian-forced-conversions-in-punjab/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Sikh Press Association |language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Monopoly on determining Sikh identity ===
{{See also|Rehat}}
The SGPC has been accused for enforcing their standards on who and who is not considered a Sikh.<ref name=":0" /> This leaves many heterodox [[Sects of Sikhism|sects]], such as [[Nirmala (sect)|Nirmalas]], [[Nirankari]]s, [[Udasi]]s, and others feeling marginalized and erased from the Sikh community by the [[Tat Khalsa|orthodox]] SGPC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sethi |first=Chitleen K. |date=2018-11-20 |title=Rivalry between Sikhs & Nirankaris is almost a century old |url=https://theprint.in/politics/rivalry-between-sikhs-nirankaris-is-almost-a-century-old/151853/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dogra |first=Chander Suta |date=5 February 2022 |title=Shorn of Identity - SGPC says a Sikh is one with untrimmed hair. And so makes half the community apostate |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/shorn-of-identity/239733 |website=Outlook India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aggarwal |first=Neil Krishan |date=2010-06-01 |title=Violations of Parole: Language, Religion, and Power Among the Modern Udasi Movement and the Sgpc |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17448727.2010.484140 |journal=Sikh Formations |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=77–93 |doi=10.1080/17448727.2010.484140 |s2cid=143172947 |issn=1744-8727|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The SGPC has clarified that members of the Udasi and Nirmala sects are "Sikhs".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=10 December 2002 |title=Udasis are Sikhs, says SGPC chief |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021210/main7.htm |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News - www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2002 |title=The Sikh Times - News and Analysis - Supreme Court: Udasi Dera Is Not a Gurdwara |url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_120902c.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.sikhtimes.com}}</ref>

=== Sexism ===
{{See also|Women in Sikhism}}
Women currently are unofficially banned from singing or performing ''[[kirtan]]'' (religious devotional singing and musical performance) in [[sanctum sanctorum]] of the [[Golden Temple]], a gurdwara under the management of the SGPC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goyal |first=Divya |date=2019-11-15 |title=Explained: Why, despite no rule, women are not allowed kirtan sewa at Golden Temple |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-why-despite-no-rule-women-not-allowed-kirtan-sewa-in-golden-temple-6120964/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir |date=27 July 2017 |title='Why women not allowed to perform kirtan in Golden Temple sanctum sanctorum' {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/why-women-not-allowed-to-perform-kirtan-in-golden-temple-sanctum-sanctorum/articleshow/59780900.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |date=7 November 2019 |title='Allow women ragis at Golden Temple' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/-allow-women-ragis-at-golden-temple-857236 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vinayak |first=Ramesh |date=10 March 2003 |title=Participation of women in late-night rites at Golden Temple stokes gender bias debate |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/religion/story/20030310-participation-of-women-in-late-night-rites-at-golden-temple-stokes-gender-bias-debate-793286-2003-03-09 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] passed a motion to allow women to perform there in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=Punjab Assembly Passes Resolution To Allow Women Sing Kirtan In Golden Temple |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-agrees-to-sikh-women-performing-kirtan-in-golden-temple-2128985 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> In 1999, Bibi Jagir Kaur became the first female president of the SGPC.<ref name=":1" />

=== Religious discrimination ===
{{See also|Islam and Sikhism}}
Traditional Muslim ''[[rababi]]s'' and ''kirtanis'', including claimed descendants of [[Bhai Mardana]] (companion of Guru Nanak),<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walia |first=Varinder |date=4 October 2004 |title=Wish of Mardana's descendent may not be fulfilled |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041004/punjab1.htm#16 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab - www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref> have been banned from performing at the Golden Temple since 1947 as the SGPC has altered the rules to only allow baptized [[Khalsa]] Sikhs to perform services at the Golden Temple.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir Rana |date=5 December 2019 |title=Muslims not allowed inside sanctum sanctorum of Kartarpur Sahib gurdwara {{!}} Amritsar News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amritsar/muslims-not-allowed-inside-sanctum-sanctorum-of-kartarpur-sahib-gurdwara/articleshow/72375462.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Amaninder |date=1 May 2015 |title=Rababi Ghulam Mohammad passes away in Lahore {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rababi-ghulam-mohammad-passes-away-in-lahore/articleshow/47115639.cms |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aslam |first=Irfan |date=2015-05-07 |title=Bhai Ghulam Muhammad Chand: lost gem of Rababi kirtan singing |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1180477 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-01 |title=Noted rababi kirtan singer Bhai Chand passes away in Lahore at 80 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/noted-rababi-kirtan-singer-bhai-chand-passes-away-in-lahore-at-80/story-uyrcLIrtIK8o3rRZ58GFjI.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Before partition, they were granted special allowance to perform at the temple.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brar |first=Kamaldeep Singh |date=2022-05-23 |title=Remove harmonium from Golden Temple? Sikh music scholars strike differing notes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/amritsar/remove-harmonium-from-golden-temple-sikh-music-scholars-strike-differing-notes-7930927/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |quote=There were Muslim rababis, too, who used to play in gurdwaras. This system of supporting ragis and rababis collapsed after the British came.}}</ref>

=== Corruption ===
Allegations of large-scale corruption have been claimed against the SGPC.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2002 |title=Puran Singh alleges corruption in Golden Temple {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/puran-singh-alleges-corruption-in-golden-temple/articleshow/14703002.cms |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chawla |first=K.S. |date=5 July 2004 |title=SGPC poll a 'dharam yudh', says Baba Bedi |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040706/punjab1.htm |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab - www.tribuneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-29 |title=SGPC budget: Members allege 'large-scale corruption' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sgpc-budget-members-allege-large-scale-corruption-101648569937728.html |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Amandeep |title=It Is Becoming Clear That The SGPC No Longer Speaks For The Sikh Community |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/sgpc-no-longer-speaks-for-the-sikh-community |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=The Caravan |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharti |first=Vishav |date=28 March 2022 |title=Disquiet in SGPC, members seek probe by retired HC judges into 'corruption' |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/disquiet-in-sgpc-members-seek-probe-by-retired-hc-judges-into-corruption-381056 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2021 |others=Tribune News Service |title=SGPC den of corruption, allege Taksalis |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/sgpc-den-of-corruption-allege-taksalis-212868 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jathedar of Akal Takht]]
*[[Chief Khalsa Diwan]]
*[[Balwant Singh Nandgarh]]
*[[Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee]]
*[[Haryana Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee]]
*[[Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh, ''Shiromani Akali Dal (1920–2000''), Sikh University Press, Belgium, 2000
*Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh, ''Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee Kiven Bani'' (Punjabi), Amritsar, S.G.P.C., 2001.
*Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh, ''Sikh Twareekh'' 5 volumes (Punjabi), Sikh University Press, Belgium, 2007.
*Dilgeer, Dr Harjinder Singh, ''Sikh History'', 10 volumes (English), Sikh University Press, Belgium, 2010–11. 10 volumes (English)

==External links==
*[http://www.sgpc.net/ Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee]

{{Sikhism}}
{{Sikh politics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Amritsar]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sikhism in India]]
[[Category:Sikh organisations]]
[[Category:Gurdwaras in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1920]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in India]]

Maha Vikas Aghadi

2026-03-20T09:00:07Z

Daljeetbhutal: General cleanup and improvements

{{short description|Indian political alliance}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name = Maha Vikas Aghadi
| logo = MVA logo.jpeg
| colorcode = {{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}
| spokesperson = Clyde Crasto<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.india.com/maharashtra/lok-sabha-polls-sharad-pawar-ncp-faction-gets-man-blowing-turha-as-new-poll-symbol-6742536/ | title='Tutari Coming to Shake Delhi's Throne': Sharad Pawar's NCP Gets New Poll Symbol }}</ref>
| foundation = {{start date and age|2019|11|26|df=yes}}
| country = India
| abbreviation = MVA
| predecessor = [[Democratic Front (India)|Democratic Front]]
| position = [[Big tent]]{{efn|Members consists of [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] to [[left politics|left]] parties.}}
| seats2_title = [[Lok Sabha]]
| seats2 = {{composition bar|31|48|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
| seats1_title = [[Rajya Sabha]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|7|19|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
| seats4_title = [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| seats4 = {{composition bar|48|288|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
| seats3_title = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| seats3 = {{composition bar|16|78|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}|border=darkgray}} Blue
| native_name_lang = mr
| eci =
| leader = [[Aditya Thackeray]] (Leader of the largest opposition party, [[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|SS (UBT)]])
| president = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| chairperson = [[Sharad Pawar]]
| secretary = [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| leader2_title = [[Lok Sabha]] Leader
| leader2_name = [[Supriya Sule]]
| leader1_title = [[Rajya Sabha]] Leader
| leader1_name = [[Sharad Pawar]]
| founders = [[Uddhav Thackeray]] [[Sharad Pawar]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
| national = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| regional =
| symbol =
| logo_upright = 1.15
| logo_alt =
}}
The '''Maha Vikas Aghadi''' ({{Translation|Grand Development Front}}; abbreviated as '''MVA'''), is a state-level [[political alliance]] of [[Centrism|centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]{{Efn|The alliance titls slightly to the left with the [[Indian National Congress|INC]] and [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP (SP)]] being left wing and [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SHS (UBT)]] being centre-right.}} political parties in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is one of the two major political alliances in Maharashtra, the other one being [[Maha Yuti]]. The alliance was formed under the leadership of [[Uddhav Thackeray]] of [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SHS (UBT)]] (then [[Shiv Sena]]), [[Sharad Pawar]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]] (then [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]) and [[Sonia Gandhi]] of the [[Indian National Congress|INC]], along with the support from the [[Peasants and Workers Party of India|PWPI]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] and several other political parties.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 June 2022 |title=Peasants and Workers Party MLA Shyamsundar Shinde, CPI(M) member Vinod Nikole and Swabhimani Paksha MLA Devendra Bhuyar are the MLAs from smaller parties who were present for the MVA meeting. |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/rs-polls-mva-puts-up-a-show-of-unity-independents-smaller-allies-assure-support-101654627567842.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sena NCP Congress alliance could be named Maha Vasooli Aghadi |url=https://www.clipper28.com/en/sena-ncp-congress-alliance-could-be-named-maha-vasooli-aghadi/ |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=Clipper28.com }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Maharashtra Legislative Council polls: MVA bags 3 seats, defeats BJP on Gadkari's home turf |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/maharashtra-legislative-council-polls-mva-wins-in-3-assembly-constituencies-2330145-2023-02-03}}</ref><ref>=</ref><ref>[[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]</ref> Most of the MVA constituents are members of the [[Indian National Congress]]-led [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] at [[Pan-Indianism|pan-India]] level. The MVA alliance won 30 seats out of 48 seats in the [[2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra|2024 Lok Sabha Election in Maharashtra]] whereas on the other hand, the MVA suffered a setback in 2024, when it could only win a record low of 50 seats (including 2 of SP, which has left the alliance) in the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], with none of the parties even managing to get the number of seats to have a leader of opposition in the assembly. This stripped its status as the official opposition in the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]].

==Formation==
The alliance was formed by non-[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] political parties in Maharashtra as a result of [[2019 Maharashtra political crisis]] where the [[Shiv Sena]] left the NDA post-polls over differences with the BJP in their preferred candidates for [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]] and other important portfolio positions after the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]]. [[Sharad Pawar]], [[Sanjay Raut]], [[Ahmed Patel]] and other leaders across the NCP, INC and Shiv Sena worked to realise a new alliance after Shiv Sena and BJP parted ways and Shiv Sena's lone Union Minister in [[Second Modi ministry|Modi's cabinet]], [[Arvind Sawant]], tendered his resignation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/latest/943299/maharashtra-shiv-sena-mp-arvind-sawant-resigns-as-union-minister-attacks-bjp|title=Shiv Sena's MP Arvind Sawant resigns from Modi cabinet|website=Scroll.in|date=11 November 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref>

[[Uddhav Thackeray]] was elected as the president of the MVA after a meeting on 26 November 2019. He took oath of the office and secrecy on 28 November 2019 as the 19th [[List of chief ministers of Maharashtra|Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Udhav Thackeray named as CM candidate of Maha Vikas Aghadi |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/maharashtra-govt-formation-highlights-shiv-sena-ncp-congress-meet-governor-today-stake-claim-swearing-in-tomorrow-ajit-pawar-devendra-fadnavis-resigns-maharashtra-bjp-cm-7698881.html |access-date=26 November 2019 |website=First Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Udhav Thackeray swearing in as CM |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-government-formation-news-live-uddhav-thackeray-swearing-in-as-cm/liveblog/72270170.cms |access-date=28 November 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref>

In 2022, during a party meeting, [[Uddhav Thackeray]] explained his move to pull out of NDA. He said, "We supported the BJP wholeheartedly to enable them to fulfill their national ambitions. The understanding was they will go national while we will lead in Maharashtra. But we were betrayed and attempts were made to destroy us in our home. So we had to hit back". Thackeray accused BJP of dumping its allies according to its political convenience. He said, "BJP doesn't mean Hindutva. I stand by my comment that Shiv Sena had wasted 25 years in alliance
with BJP."<ref name="Wasted 25 Years">{{cite news |title="Wasted 25 Years In Alliance With BJP...," Says Uddhav Thackeray |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uddhav-thackeray-says-wasted-25-years-in-alliance-with-bjp-2725461 |access-date=24 January 2022 |work=NDTV.com |date=23 January 2022}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]], the governing [[Maha Yuti]] won a large majority. The MVA won only 50 seats in the legislative assembly, with none of its constituent parties winning enough seats to nominate a leader of the opposition.<ref>{{cite web|title=In a first in six decades, no Leader of Opposition in Maharashtra Assembly|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/in-a-first-in-six-decades-no-leader-of-opposition-in-maharashtra-assembly/article68904861.ece|work=The Hindu|date=24 November 2024|access-date=24 November 2024|archive-date=24 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124063557/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/in-a-first-in-six-decades-no-leader-of-opposition-in-maharashtra-assembly/article68904861.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Working==
Given the varied ideologies among the partner parties, there was a plan to form two committees to guide the coalition: a coordination committee for the implementation of a common minimum programme and a higher decision-making committee that would include the party chiefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/assembly-election-2019/two-panels-to-guide-maharashtra-vikas-aghadi-778689.html|title=Two panels to guide maha Vikas Aghadi|website=Deccan Herald|date=22 November 2019 |access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref>

==History==
===Shiv Sena left NDA===
{{main|2019 Maharashtra political crisis}}
A political crisis in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]] occurred on 21 October 2019 after the declaration of results of the [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019 legislative assembly election]] over the formation of a new [[Government of Maharashtra|state government]]. The incumbent [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] [[Shiv Sena]] alliance crossed the majority of 145 seats needed in the assembly by winning a total of 161 seats in the alliance. Individually BJP won 105 and SHS won 56 seats. The Opposition [[Democratic Front (India)|INC-NCP]] Alliance with 106 seats did not reach the majority mark. Individually INC won 44 and NCP won 54 seats.

===Shiv Sena's Shinde faction breakaway===
{{main|2022 Maharashtra political crisis}}
[[Eknath Shinde]], a senior Shiv Sena leader, wanted to break the Maha Vikas Aghadi and establish [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]-[[Shiv Sena]] coalition again.
Subsequently he gathered the support of 2/3rd members of his party.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharashtra: The political crisis brewing in India's richest state |date=22 June 2022 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61891133 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharashtra crisis: Uddhav Thackeray-led faction in hopeless .. |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=29 June 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-crisis-uddhav-thackeray-led-faction-in-hopeless-minority-within-party-eknath-shinde-to-sc/articleshow/92550287.cms }}</ref> On 29 June, Uddhav Thackeray resigned from the post of Chief Minister ahead of the [[No-confidence motion]].
Eknath Shinde took oath as the new Chief Minister with [[Devendra Fadnavis]] as Deputy CM on 30 June.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eknath Shinde Takes Oath As Chief Minister, Devendra Fadnavis His Deputy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/eknath-shinde-is-new-maharashtra-chief-minister-oath-at-7-30-pm-3115030 }}</ref>

===NCP's Ajit Pawar faction breakaway===
{{main|2023 Maharashtra political crisis}}
[[Ajit Pawar]] takes oath as Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra, [[Nationalist Congress Party]] breaks into two camps and 9 NCP MLAs with former UPA Minister [[Praful Patel]] take oath as Cabinet Minister in [[Eknath Shinde]]-led [[Government of Maharashtra]].
==Current alliance members==

*Note: MPs in the [[Rajya Sabha]] And [[Lok Sabha]] only include those from Maharashtra seats

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Symbol
!Flag
![[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLAs in Maharashtra Assembly]]
![[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLCs in Maharashtra Council]]
![[Lok Sabha|MPs in Lok Sabha]]
!style="width:125px;"|MPs in Rajya Sabha
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Indian National Congress|[[Indian National Congress]]}}|
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|{{Composition bar|16|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|6|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|14|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|3|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}|
|[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Flaming Torch.png|50px]]
|[[File:SS(UBT) flag.png|50px]]
|{{Composition bar|20|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|6|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|9|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|2|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]]}}|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Man Blowing Turha.png|50px]]
|[[File:NCP-SP flag.jpg|50px]]
|{{Composition bar|10|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|3|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|8|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|2|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|[[File:Cpm election symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI-M-flag.svg|50px]]
|{{Composition bar|1|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Communist Party of India}}|
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|[[File:CPI symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[File:CPI-banner.svg|50px]]
|{{Composition bar|0|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|bgcolor={{Party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}|
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Whistle.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|
|{{Composition bar|1|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{Composition bar|0|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
!colspan="4"|'''Total'''
!{{Composition bar|48|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
!{{Composition bar|16|78|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
!{{Composition bar|31|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
!{{Composition bar|7|19|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|-
|}

===List of Rajya Sabha members===
{{Main|List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!No
! style="width:200px" | Name
!colspan="2"| Party affiliation
!Date of Appointment
!Date of Retirement
|-
!1
|[[Sharad Pawar]]
|{{party name with colour|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)| rowspan=2}}
|03-Apr-2020
|02-Apr-2026
|-
!2
|[[Fouzia Khan]]
|03-Apr-2020
|02Apr-2026
|-
!3
|[[Chandrakant Handore]]
|{{party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|03-Apr-2024
|02 Apr-2030
|-
!4
|[[Imran Pratapgarhi]]
|05-Jul-2022
|04-Jul-2028
|-
!5
|[[Rajni Patil]]
|27-Sep-2021
|02-Apr-2026
|-
!6
|[[Priyanka Chaturvedi]]
|{{Party name with colour|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|rowspan=3}}
|03-Apr-2020
|02-Apr-2026
|-
!7
|[[Sanjay Raut]]
|05-Jul-2022
|04-Jul-2028
|}

===List of Lok Sabha members===
{{Main|List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!No
!Constituency
!Name
!colspan="2" |Party
|-
|1
|[[Nandurbar Lok Sabha constituency|Nandurbar]] (ST)
|Adv. Gowaal K Padavi
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|2
|[[Dhule Lok Sabha constituency|Dhule]]
|Dr. Shobha Dinesh Bachhav
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|3
|[[Amravati Lok Sabha constituency|Amravati]] (SC)
|[[Balwant Basawant Wankhede]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|4
|[[Wardha Lok Sabha constituency|Wardha]]
|[[Amar Sharadrao Kale]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|5
|[[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency|Ramtek]] (SC)
|[[Shyamkumar Barve|Shyamkumar (Bablu) Barve]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|6
|[[Bhandara–Gondiya Lok Sabha constituency|Bhandara–Gondiya]]
|[[Prashant Yadaorao Padole|Dr. Prashant Yadavrao Padole]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|7
|[[Gadchiroli–Chimur Lok Sabha constituency|Gadchiroli–Chimur]] (ST)
|[[Namdeo Kirsan|Dr. Namdeo Dasaram Kirsan]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|8
|[[Chandrapur Lok Sabha constituency|Chandrapur]]
|[[Pratibha Dhanorkar|Pratibha Suresh Dhanorkar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|9
|[[Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal–Washim]]
|[[Sanjay Deshmukh]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|10
|[[Hingoli Lok Sabha constituency|Hingoli]]
|[[Nagesh Bapurao Patil Ashtikar]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|11
|[[Nanded Lok Sabha constituency|Nanded]]
|[[Vasantrao Balwantrao Chavan]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|12
|[[Parbhani Lok Sabha constituency|Parbhani]]
|[[Sanjay Haribhau Jadhav]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|13
|[[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency|Jalna]]
|Dr. [[Kalyan Kale]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|14
|[[Dindori Lok Sabha constituency|Dindori]] (ST)
|Bhaskar Bhagare
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|15
|[[Nashik Lok Sabha constituency|Nashik]]
|[[Rajabhau Waje]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|16
|[[Bhiwandi Lok Sabha constituency|Bhiwandi]]
|Suresh Mhatre
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|17
|[[Mumbai North East Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North East]]
|[[Sanjay Dina Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|18
|[[Mumbai North Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai North Central]]
|[[Varsha Gaikwad]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|19
|[[Mumbai South Central Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South Central]]
|[[Anil Desai]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|20
|[[Mumbai South Lok Sabha constituency|Mumbai South]]
|[[Arvind Sawant]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|21
|[[Baramati Lok Sabha constituency|Baramati]]
|[[Supriya Sule]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|22
|[[Shirur Lok Sabha constituency|Shirur]]
|[[Amol Kolhe]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|23
|[[Ahmednagar Lok Sabha constituency|Ahmednagar]]
|[[Nilesh Dnyandev Lanke]]
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|24
|[[Shirdi Lok Sabha constituency|Shirdi]] (SC)
|[[Bhausaheb Rajaram Wakchaure]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|25
|[[Beed Lok Sabha constituency|Beed]]
|Bajrang Sonawane
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|26
|[[Osmanabad Lok Sabha constituency|Osmanabad]]
|[[Omprakash Rajenimbalkar]]
|{{Party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|27
|[[Latur Lok Sabha constituency|Latur]] (SC)
|Dr. Shivajirao Kalge
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|28
|[[Solapur Lok Sabha constituency|Solapur]] (SC)
|[[Praniti Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|29
|[[Madha Lok Sabha constituency|Madha]]
|Dhairyasheel Mohite Patil
|{{Party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|-
|30
|[[Kolhapur Lok Sabha constituency|Kolhapur]]
|[[Shahu Chhatrapati Maharaj]]
|{{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Electoral performance==
===Indian General Election results (In Maharashtra)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}};| Year
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Seats won/ Seats contested
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Change in Seats
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Voteshare (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| +/- (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Popular vote
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra|2024]]
|{{Composition bar|30|48|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{increase}} 32
|43.71%
|{{increase}} 11.14%
|25,015,819
|}

===Legislative Assembly Election===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}};| Year
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Seats won/ Seats contested
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Change in Seats
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Voteshare (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| +/- (%)
! style="background-color:{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}| Popular vote
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Composition bar|50|288|{{Party color|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}}}
|{{decrease}}26
|35.16
|
|22,710,220
|}

== Past members ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! colspan="2" style="width:30px;" |Party
! style="width:80px;"|Base State
! style="width:60px;"|Year of withdrawal
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Prahar Janshakti Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2022
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Bahujan Vikas Aghadi}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Bahujan Vikas Aghadi]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2022
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Shiv Sena]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2022
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2023
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Swabhimani Paksha}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Swabhimani Paksha|Swabhimani Shetkari Sangathan]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2023
|-
|style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}; text-align: center;" |
| [[Janata Dal (United)]]
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Bihar]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2024
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2024
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi]]
| style="text-align: center;" |
[[Maharashtra]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2024
|-
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}; text-align: center;" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
| style="text-align: center;" |
[[Uttar Pradesh]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 2024
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2019]]
[[Category:Political parties in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Political party alliances in India]]

Kedar Das Institute for Labour and Social Studies

2026-03-15T20:34:34Z

Daljeetbhutal: put up entry.

{{Short description|Labour and social studies research institute in Patna, India}}

{{Infobox organization
| name = Kedar Das Institute for Labour and Social Studies
| logo = Kedar_Das_Institute_for_Labour_and_Social_Studies_logo.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| native_name = केदार दास श्रम एवं समाज अध्ययन संस्थान
| headquarters = Kedar Bhawan, Adalatganj [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| key_people = Naveen Chandra (Secretary-General)
| purpose = Research, training and awareness on labour and social issues
}}

'''Kedar Das Institute for Labour and Social Studies''' (KDILSS) is a social research institute based in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neglect of farmers and villages in the Union Budget |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/patna/story-neglect-of-farmers-and-villages-in-the-union-budget-prof-student-7761683.html |website=Live Hindustan |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loyalty to principle is Lenin lesson to communists |url=https://hindi.newsclick.in/Loyalty-to-principle-is-Lenin-lesson-to-communists |website=Newsclick |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref> The institute conducts research, training programs, and public awareness activities related to labour rights, social policies, and community issues.<ref>{{cite web |title=Centre for Development Practice and Research, Patna |url=https://tiss.ac.in/view/6/mumbai-campus/centre-for-development-practice-and-research/centre-for-development-practice-and-research/ |website=Tata Institute of Social Sciences |publisher=TISS |access-date=10 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title=PG admission at old fee structure in Patna University
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/pg-admission-at-old-fee-structure-in-patna-university/articleshow/22017143.cms
|work=The Times of India
|date=24 August 2013
|access-date=14 March 2026
}}</ref>The institute is named after [[Kedar Das]]. a prominent trade union leader from Jamshedpur associated with the Communist movement.<ref>{{Cite web
|last=Chatterjee
|first=Vidyarthy
|title=Three Wise-men of Jamshedpur: They Passed Away Unsung, Unwept
|url=https://www.sacw.net/article7563.html
|website=South Asia Citizens Web
|access-date=10 March 2026
}}</ref> [[Chaturanan Mishra]], a trade union leader, former president of the [[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC) and former [[Union minister]], served as the ''Founder General Secretary'' of the institute.<ref>{{cite report |title=Synopsis of Debates |publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat |date=1 August 2011 |url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Synopsis/SynopsisUpload/223/01082011.pdf |page=11 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |title=Lok Sabha Debates |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |date=1 August 2011 |url=https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/758565/1/01.08.11_VIII.pdf |page=40 |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Biographical Sketch of Chaturanan Mishra |website=IndiaPress – Lok Sabha Archives |url=https://www.indiapress.org/election/archives/lok11/biodata/11bi34.php |access-date=12 March 2026}}</ref> Naveen Chandra is the current ''General Secretary'' of the institute.
Its headquarters is located at Kedar Bhawan, Adalatganj Patna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercialization of education dangerous to society |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/arwal-commercialization-of-education-dangerous-to-society-19447052.html |website=Jagran |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=...
|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/bih-pat-hmu-mat-latest-patna-news-021002-3212468-nor.html
|website=Dainik Bhaskar
|language=hi
|access-date=10 March 2026
}}</ref>

The institute has organized several training programs, workshops, and seminars. In collaboration with the [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]] (TISS), it has conducted training programs for trade union organizers. The institute has also participated in public discussions on education, budget, and social policy issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Training for Workers Organisers |url=https://tiss.ac.in/view/5/mumbai-campus/centre-for-development-practice-and-research/training-for-workers-organisers |website=TISS |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>

As part of the centenary celebrations of the [[Russian Revolution]], the institute hosted a talk by Norwegian sociologist and Marxist thinker Prof. Alf Gunvald Nilsen on the topic “[[Right-wing populism|Right-wing Populism]] and the Crisis of [[Neoliberalism|Neo-liberalism]]” at Patna. The event was attended by prominent communist leaders, social activists, and intellectuals from the region, providing a platform for discussion on labour and social issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Right-wing populism and the crisis of neo-liberalism |url=https://jaiss.org.in/2017/03/27/right-wing-populism-and-the-crisis-of-neo-liberalism/ |website=JAISS |access-date=2026-03-09}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Research institutes in Bihar]]
[[Category:Education in Patna]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Patna]]

Stephen Knapp (author)

2026-03-11T20:39:11Z

Daljeetbhutal: article

{{Short description|American author of Hindu texts}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Stephen Knapp
| other_names = Sri Nandanandana Dasa (Śrī Nandanandana Dāsa)
| birth_date =
| birth_place = United States
| occupation = {{hlist |Author |Researcher |Lecturer |Spiritual practitioner}}
| known_for = Writings on [[Vedic culture]], promoting [[Sanātana Dharma]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2025)
| website = {{URL|https://www.stephen-knapp.com/}}
| module = {{Infobox religious biography
| embed = yes
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| school = [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
| order = [[Brahma Sampradaya|Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya sampradaya]]
| teacher = [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]]
| title = Associated with [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]] Detroit
}}
}}

'''Stephen Knapp''', also known by his spiritual name '''Sri Nandanandana Dasa''' ('''Śrī Nandanandana Dāsa'''), is an American author, spiritual practitioner, researcher, and lecturer on Vedic culture (''[[Sanātana Dharma]]'') and philosophy.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=President Murmu confers Padma Shri for Literature to American author Stephen Knapp |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/president-murmu-confers-padma-shri-for-literature-to-american-author-stephen-knapp/#:~:text=In%20a%20post%20on%20X,dedicated%20to%20promoting%20Indian%20traditions. |access-date=2025-04-29 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ISKCON2025">{{cite web |date=January 27, 2025 |title="It's Krishna's Mercy": Sri Nandanandana Dasa Reflects on Padma Shri Recognition |url=https://www.iskconnews.org/es/its-krishnas-mercy-sri-nandanandana-dasa-reflects-on-padma-shri-recognition/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=ISKCON News}}</ref><ref name="Lotus2025">{{cite web |last=Chopra |first=Parveen |date=January 30, 2025 |title=American champion of Vedic Culture gets India's Padma Shri award |url=https://alotusinthemud.com/american-vedic-scholar-stephen-knapp-padma-shri-1/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=Alotusinthemud}}</ref> He is associated with the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] (ISKCON) and is a disciple of [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]].<ref name="ISKCON2025" /><ref name="Lotus2025" />

Knapp has authored numerous books and articles focused on Vedic traditions, philosophy, and Indian spirituality. His works include ''The Secret Teachings of the Vedas'', ''Proof of Vedic Culture's Global Existence'', and ''The Heart of Hinduism''.<ref name="Lotus2025" /> He is the founder of the Vedic Friends Association (VFA) and heads the ISKCON temple in [[Detroit]], Michigan.<ref name="IndoAmerican2025">{{cite web |date=March 7, 2025 |title=Padma Award for Stephen Knapp |url=https://www.indoamerican-news.com/padma-award-for-stephen-knapp/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=Indo American News}}</ref><ref name="Lotus2025" />

In January 2025, the Government of India announced that Knapp would be awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the country's fourth-highest civilian honor, for his contributions in the field of Literature and Education.<ref name="PIB2025">{{cite web |date=January 25, 2025 |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |access-date=April 29, 2025 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref><ref name="Mint2025">{{cite web |date=January 25, 2025 |title=Padma Awards 2025: Ajith Kumar, Shobana Chandrakumar among awardees -- Check out full list |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/padma-awards-2025-full-list-of-padma-shri-padma-bhushan-padma-vibhushan-awardees-pm-modi-calls-them-truly-motivating-11737820448634.html |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> The award recognized his efforts in promoting Indian traditions and spiritual heritage globally.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="NRIPulse2025">{{cite web |date=January 28, 2025 |title=Indian Americans honored with Padma Awards 2025 |url=https://nripulse.com/indian-americans-honored-with-padma-awards-2025/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=NRI Pulse}}</ref> He received the award from President [[Droupadi Murmu]] at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] on April 28, 2025.<ref name="Tribune2025">{{cite web |date=April 28, 2025 |title=President Murmu confers Padma Shri for Literature to American author Stephen Knapp |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/president-murmu-conferred-padma-shri-for-literature-to-american-author-stephen-knapp/ |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=The Tribune}}</ref><ref name="AP7AM2025">{{cite web |date=April 28, 2025 |title=President Murmu confers Padma Awards to 71 distinguished personalities |url=https://www.ap7am.com/en/99781/president-murmu-confers-padma-awards-to-71-distinguished-personalities |access-date=April 29, 2025 |work=AP7AM}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Knapp, Stephen}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual writers]]
[[Category:American Indologists]]
[[Category:American Hindus]]
[[Category:Writers from Michigan]]
[[Category:21st-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Ghaghara

2026-03-09T14:54:05Z

Daljeetbhutal: fixed issues

{{Short description|Asian river and tributary of the Ganges}}
{{redirect|Gogra|the location in Chang Chenmo Valley of Ladakh|Gogra, Ladakh}}
{{Distinguish|Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaghra}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Ghaghara
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| name_other = Karnali Sarayu Mapcha Tsangpo
| name_etymology =

| image = Karnali river.JPG
| image_size =
| image_caption = Karnali (Ghaghara) river in [[Nepal]]
| map = River Ganges and tributaries.png
| map_size =
| map_caption = Map showing the Ghaghara and Gandaki tributaries of the Ganges
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 6

| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]], [[Nepal]], [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =

| length = {{cvt|1080|km}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location =
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{cvt|2990|m3/s|cuft/s}}
|discharge2_location=Nepal
| discharge2_avg =
{{cvt|1369|m3/s|cuft/s}}

| source1 = Mapchachungo Glacier
| source1_location = [[Tibet]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|3962|m}}
| mouth = [[Ganges]]
| mouth_location = [[Revelganj]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|45|11|N|84|39|59|E|type:river_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{cvt|127950|km2}}
| tributaries_left = [[Bheri River|Bheri]], [[Kuwana River|Kuwana]], [[West Rapti River|Rapti]], Chhoti Gandak
| tributaries_right = [[Seti River|Seti]], Dahawar, [[Sarda River|Sarda]], [[Budhi Ganga River|Budhi Ganga]]
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}

The '''Karnali River''', also known as the '''Ghaghara River''' in [[India]], '''Mapcha Tsangpo''' in [[Tibet]], and as the '''Sarayu River''' in the lower Ghaghara of India's [[Awadh]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-04-29 |title=Sacred water from Saryu river to be sent to Sri Lanka for 'Sita Amma' temple consecration |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/sacred-water-from-saryu-river-to-be-sent-to-sri-lanka-for-sita-amma-temple-consecration/article68120439.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-29 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Shekhar Pathak 2016 92">{{cite book |author=Pathak, S. |title=Globalization and Marginalization in Mountain Regions |chapter=Himalaya: Highest, Holy and Hijacked |year=2016 |editor1=Raghubir Chand |editor2=Walter Leimgruber |series=Perspectives on Geographical Marginality |volume=1 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-32649-8_7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mwlkDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92 |pages=89–110 |isbn=978-3-319-32648-1}}</ref> is a [[Perennial stream|perennial]] [[trans-boundary river]] that originates in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the [[Tibetan Plateau]], cuts through the [[Himalayas]] in Nepal and joins the [[Sharda River]] at Brahmaghat in [[India]]. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left-bank tributary of the [[Ganges]]. With a length of {{cvt|507|km}}, it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of the Ghaghara up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in [[Bihar]] is {{cvt|1080|km}}.<ref name="jain+al2007">{{cite book |author1=Jain, S.K. |author2=Agarwal, P.K. |author3=Singh, V.P. |year=2007 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |publisher=Springer |location=The Netherlands |isbn=978-1-4020-5179-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PR5}}</ref> It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second largest by length after [[Yamuna]].

== Course ==
[[File:Lake Manasarovar.jpg|thumb|Source of Karnali River]]
[[File:Saryu.JPG|thumb| Ghaghara River in [[Ayodhya]] is also known as Saryu river]]
[[File:Mansarovar.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Manasarovar]] in [[Tibet]] near the source of the Karnali River]]
The Karnali rises in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in [[Tibet]], in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an [[elevation]] of about {{convert|3962|m|ft}} above sea level. The river flows south through one of the most remote and least explored areas of Nepal as the Karnali River. The {{convert|202|km|mi|adj=on}} [[Seti River]] drains the western part of the catchment and joins the Karnali in [[Doti District]] north of Dundras hill. Another tributary, the {{convert|264|km|mi|adj=on}} long [[Bheri River|Bheri]], rises in the western part of [[Dhaulagiri]] Himalaya and drains the eastern part of the catchment, meeting the Karnali near Kuineghat in [[Surkhet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wildlifenepal.wordpress.com/2008/01/15/karnali-river/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120131557/http://wildlifenepal.wordpress.com/2008/01/15/karnali-river/|title=Karnali River: Longest River of Nepal « Wildlife in West Nepal|archive-date=20 January 2008}}</ref>

Cutting southward across the [[Siwalik Hills|Sivalik Hills]], it splits into two branches, the Geruwa on the left and Kauriala river on the right near Chisapani to rejoin south of the Indian border and form the proper Ghaghara. Other tributaries originating in Nepal are the [[West Rapti River|West Rapti]], the [[Mahakali River|Kali (or Mahakali)]] and the little Gandak. It flows southeast through [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]] states to join the Ganges downstream of the town of [[Chhapra]], after a course of {{convert|1080|km|mi}}. Saryu river is stated{{By whom|date=August 2025}} to be synonymous with the modern Karnali river or as a tributary of it.

Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Sivalik Hills of Nepal. The remnant magnetization of [[siltstone]]s and [[sandstone]]s in this group suggests a depositional age of between 16 million and 5.2 million years.<ref>Gautam, P., Fujiwara, Y. (2000) ''Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Karnali River section in western Nepal.'' Geophysical Journal International, Volume 142, Issue 3: 812-824. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000GeoJI.142..812G download pdf]</ref>

==Basin==
[[File:Ghaghra river in Sitapur.jpg|alt=Ghaghra river in Sitapur|thumb|Ghaghra river in Sitapur]]
The Karnali River Basin lies between the mountain ranges of [[Dhaulagiri]] in [[Nepal]] and [[Nanda Devi]] in [[Uttarakhand]]. [[Dhaulagiri II]], elevation {{convert|7751|m|ft}}, is the highest point of the entire basin. In the north, it lies in the rain shadow of the [[Himalayas]]. The basin formed by the river has a total catchment area of {{convert|127950|km2|mi2}}, of which 45 percent is in India.<ref>West Seti Hydroelectric Project (2007) ''Karnali Basin Cumulative Impact Assessment''. Report by West Seti Hydro Limited, Kathmandu, Nepal [http://www.wsh.com.np/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/cumulative_impact_assessmentcia_final_23nov_07.pdf download pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724190113/http://www.wsh.com.np/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/cumulative_impact_assessmentcia_final_23nov_07.pdf |date=2011-07-24 }}</ref>

===Tributaries===
'''Chhoti Gandak''' is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It travels a distance of about {{convert|250|km|mi}} and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of [[Bihar]]. The Chhoti Gandak River Basin is located between 26°00' to 27°20' N latitude and 83°30' to 84°15' E longitude. [[:wikt:right bank|Right bank]] tributaries are Khekhra, Hirna, Jethan, Maun, Duhari, Kanchi and Koilar rivers; Khanua river joins from the left bank. The discharge of Chhoti Gandak is mainly controlled by rain, which is very high during the [[monsoon]] season and low during the summers. It has been observed that whenever precipitation is high in the catchment areas, there is flood in the downstream part of the Chhoti Gandak River Basin. The region exhibits upland terrace surface, river valley terrace surface, present-day river channel with narrow flood plains, natural levee, and point-bar deposits. All these geomorphic features are depositional in nature and made up of alluvium of different ages.<ref>Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2010) ''Hydrogeochemistry of Ground water and anthopogenic control over dolomatization reaction in alluvial sediments of the Deoria district: Ganga Plain India.'' Environmental Earth Sciences 59:1099-1109. [https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12665-009-0100-y Abstract]</ref><ref>Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2010) ''Water Quality of the Chhoti Gandak River using Principal Component Analysis, Ganga Plain, India.'' Journal of Earth System Sciences, 119 (1) pp 1-12. [http://www.ias.ac.in/jess/feb2010/d9jess72.pdf download pdf]</ref><ref>Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S., Singh, A.K. (2009) ''Environmental repercussions of cane-sugar industries on the Chhoti Gandak river basin, Ganga Plain, India.'' Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. (DOI 10.1007/s10661-009-1281-2).
[https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10661-009-1281-2 Abstract]</ref><ref>Singh, D.S., Awasthi, A., Bhardwaj, V. (2009) ''Control of Tectonics and Climate on Chhoti Gandak River Basin, East Ganga Plain, India.'' Himalayan Geology, Vol 30 (2) 2009, pp 147-154.</ref>

The main tributaries of the Karnali are [[Seti River|Seti]] and [[Bheri River|Bheri]].<ref>{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5YtUShKY8zcC&q=Panjang+River&pg=PA84| title = Himalayan rivers, lakes and glaciers | work = p. 108 | first=Sharad Singh | last= Negi | year = 1991 | publisher = Indus | isbn = 978-81-85182-61-2 |access-date = 2010-05-29}}</ref>

== Administrative zones and districts ==
In Nepal, the [[Karnali Province]] is the largest zone with about {{convert|5000|sqmi|km2}} area. Its administrative center is [[Jumla (town)|Jumla]]. The zone is divided into the five districts of [[Dolpa District|Dolpa]], [[Humla District|Humla]], [[Jumla District|Jumla]], [[Kalikot District|Kalikot]] and [[Mugu District|Mugu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/695839|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201221205/http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Article/695839|title=The Karnali Zone of Nepal|archive-date=1 December 2008|website=www.ancientworlds.net}}</ref>

The Karnali Province has the lowest population density in Nepal. There are no large settlements on the banks of the river, which is only crossed near Chisapani by the Mahendra Highway. This region is now connected by karnali highway and now due to various hydro electricity projects this area is being developed. Now a 900 MW project is going to be constructed in this river

In India, the administrative districts in the Ghaghra catchment are [[Ambedkar Nagar]], [[Ayodhya]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Azamgarh]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]], [[Basti district|Basti]], [[Ballia]], [[Bahraich]], [[Deoria district|Deoria]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar]], [[Lakhimpur Kheri]], [[Mau, Uttar Pradesh|Mau]], [[Sitapur]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Siwan District|Siwan district]] in [[Bihar]].

Important towns in India include [[Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar|Akabarpur]], [[Ayodhya]], [[Bahraich]], [[Barabanki city|Barabanki]], [[Basti district|Basti]], [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]], [[Barhalganj]], [[Gonda district|Gonda]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Sitapur]], [[Siddharthnagar]], [[Sant Kabir Nagar district|Saint Kabir Nagar]], Kamhariya, [[Rajesultanpur]], [[Tanda, Ambedkar Nagar|Tanda]] and Mihinpurwa[Bahraich] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and Chapra, [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]], and [[Sonpur, Bihar|Sonepur]] in [[Bihar]].

The Ghaghra River is locally known as "Saryu" or "Sarayu" in the city of Ayodhya.<ref name="Shekhar Pathak 2016 92"/>

== Protected areas ==
[[File:Karnali-IMG 0138.jpg|thumb|Karnali River in [[Humla District|Humla]], Nepal]]
[[File:Karnali2.jpg|thumb|Karnali River in Nepal]]
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}
[[Bardia National Park]] is the largest and most undisturbed protected area in the Karnali River basin, covering {{convert|968|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} on the southern slopes of the [[Sivalik Hills]]. It is bordered in the south by the Babai River, and to the west by the Girwa River, a tributary of the Karnali. At Chisapani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from the Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. The park is famous for two [[Asian elephant]] herds, several deer species, [[gaur]], [[nilgai]], [[Himalayan tahr]], [[serow]] and [[goral]]. The Karnali supports the endangered [[mugger crocodile]], the [[gharial]], a few remaining [[South Asian river dolphin]]s and the [[golden mahseer]].

Other protected areas include [[Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary]].

== Endangered species ==
The Karnali provides the upper range for the [[South Asian river dolphin|Gangetic river dolphin]] (''Platanista gangetica''), the largest freshwater mammals found on the Indian subcontinent. They are considered vulnerable species under CITES Appendix 1 and are classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2004). The river dolphins are legally protected animals in Nepal as endangered mammal and fall under Schedule I of the protected list of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973. Living at the upstream range limit, dolphins in the Karnali River are particularly vulnerable to threats from habitat degradation. Dolphins need deep pools of water. They are often found in places where human activities are most intense and they are sometimes accidentally caught by the local people who live in the lower Karnali basin. The Karnali River supports the last potentially viable population of the Ganges river dolphin in Nepal. These dolphins are at their farthest upstream range and isolated by the Girijapuri Barrage (a low gated dam), located about {{convert|16|km|mi|0}} downstream of the Nepal–India border ( in Mihinpurwa district Bahraich).<ref>[http://assets.panda.org/downloads/freeflowingriversreport.pdf Free-flowing rivers]</ref>

A high dam has been planned for some time just upstream of the dolphins' current (or at least recent) range in the Karnali River, Nepal. If built, this structure would almost certainly eliminate the small amount of dolphin habitat in Nepal's last river with a potentially viable dolphin population. Disturbance and [[environmental degradation]] associated with geotechnical feasibility studies and bridge and road construction for the dam already may have contributed to a decline in the number and range of dolphins or ''susu'' above the Nepal-India border.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Smith, B.D. |author2=Braulik, G.T. |author3=Sinha, R. |date=2012 |title=''Platanista gangetica'' ssp. ''gangetica'' |volume=2012 |article-number=e.T41756A17627639 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41756A17627639.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> The Ghaghara is the furthest upstream in the dolphin range.[[File:GangeticDolphin.jpg|thumb|Gangetic dolphin]]

Other important protected areas and their biological and religious significance are a) Khaptad NP at {{convert|2.25|km2|mi2}}, Dhorpatan HR at {{convert|13.25|km2|mi2}}, and WR (1976) at Kanchanpur at {{convert|3.05|km2|mi2}} in the Terai Sal.<ref name=autogenerated4>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080723233318/http://wsh.com.np/documents/Cumulative_Impact_Assessment(CIA)_final_23Nov_07.pdf I]</ref>

==Irrigation==

===India===

'''''The Sarda Sahayak Irrigation Project''''' uses the combined flows from the rivers Ghaghara and Sarda in the Girija Barrage built across the Ghaghara river below a catchment area of {{convert|45500|km2|mi2}}. This barrage is situated about {{convert|9|km|mi|0}} downstream of Khatria Ghat Rly station and {{convert|16|km|mi|0}} from the international border to Nepal in Bahraich district. It is linked to the [[Lower Sarda Barrage]] (built across the Sarda river, with a catchment area of {{convert|17818|km2|mi2}}, about {{convert|28|km|mi}} northeast of Lakhimpur Kheri Rly station in [[Lakhimpur Kheri district]]) via a link canal from Girija Barrage to the Lower Sarda Barrage which is {{convert|28|km|mi}} long and is designed to divert a discharge of {{convert|480|m3/s|cuft/s}} from Gandak to Sarda river.

The feeder channel taking off from the Lower Sarda Barrage is {{convert|258.8|km|mi}} long, feeds the five branches of Dariyabad, Barabani, Haideganj, RaeBareil and Purva, and is designed to carry a discharge of {{convert|765|m3/s|cuft/s}}. The Sarda Sahayak feeder channel meets the Haidergarh branch at {{convert|171|km|mi}} and Raibareli branch at {{convert|187|km|mi}}. The entire canal system is considered the largest in Asia and designed to provide irrigation to a Culturalable Command Area (CCA) of {{convert|20000|km2|mi2}} covering 14 districts in 168 blocks with a gross command area of {{convert|40000|km2|mi2}}.

On account of high silt flows during the flood season, Sarda Sahayak supplies (from Karnali) are suspended for 100 days between June and October, when the Lower Sarda Canal (feeder canal) draws water from the Sarda River, which is then flooded.<ref>Parajuli, U. (2003) ''Water sharing Conflicts between Countries, and Approaches to resolving them.'' WASSA Project Reports, Volume 3 [http://www.gee-21.org/publications/pdf%20files/Conflictsbetweencountriesvol.3Jan.2004.pdf download pdf] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821023229/http://www.gee-21.org/publications/pdf%20files/Conflictsbetweencountriesvol.3Jan.2004.pdf |date=21 August 2007 }}</ref>

== Navigation ==
In the past the Karnali River was considered to be attractive for the development of navigation right from the Indo–Nepal border to the confluence of this river and the Ganges. The lower reach of this river—called the Ghaghra in India—was used in the past for navigation by steamers. Apart from in the foothills of the Himalayas where most of the streams were simply fast-moving water throughout the greater part of the year and not navigable when flowing rapidly, most of the rivers with steadier currents had boats on them. The Ganges, the Ghaghra, the [[Yamuna]], the [[Gomti]], the Sharda and the [[West Rapti River|Rapti]] were the most important navigable rivers in the Northwestern provinces and [[Oudh]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

Many trade items such as timber, food grains, sugar, indigo, cotton seed, poppy seed and mustard seed were transported by boats. April, May and June were the most suitable months and were a busy trading period. Different kinds of cargo boats were used on the Ganges, the smaller ones were known as ''always'', while the larger ones were known as {{transliteration|hi|Katris}}.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

In the latter half of the 19th century when the railways came into existence, the significance of waterways as inland trade routes declined, as the railways were faster and safer. With the exception of eastern parts of Bengal where abundance of water in the natural network of channels sustained and continued to provide a suitable mode of transport of goods and people, the railways had almost entirely replaced the waterways as communication lines throughout the country by the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianscience.org/essays/seaandinlandnavigation-EdtedbyPankaj-edit.shtml|title=Sea and Inland Navigation|website=www.indianscience.org}}</ref>

The possibilities for further extension of the steamer services to the north had also been explored in the past. The Central Water and Power Commission of the Government of India had carried out hydrographical survey of the Karnali River from the Bahramghat to the confluence of this river and the Ganges a distance of {{convert|446|km|mi}}. This survey was done in the years 1943–53 to explore the possibility of improvement and extension of navigation on this river by powered crafts. These surveys revealed that there were only 5 shoals under {{convert|90|cm|in}} at low water between Burhaj and Bahramghat a distance of about {{convert|300|km|mi}}. The minimum depth was {{convert|75|cm|in}}. These depths were available without any river conservancy works. All other conditions of navigable channel such as the width and current of flow etc. were also found to be very favourable. The low water stage in this river is only for a short duration. There is a great urgency to carry out detailed study of the Karnali river to develop modern inland waterway by applying various channel improvement technologies.<ref>[http://www.wafed-nepal.org/News/news40%20Nepal%20must%20exercise%20extreme%20caution%20development%20of%20water%20resource%204may08.html Wafed - Nepal]{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Cultural importance ==
=== In epics ===
The river is mentioned various times in the ancient Indian epic [[Ramayana]]. Sarayu refers to Lower Ghaghara, which flows through the city of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], the birthplace of the Hindu deity [[Rama]], who, along with the residents of Ayodhya, attained [[Vaikuntha]] from this river. According to the legend, [[Urmila]], wife of [[Lakshmana]], performed ''[[samadhi]]'' by drowning herself on the banks of the river Sarayu, and it is believed that her soul attained [[salvation]] at Rama's feet.<ref>{{cite book |title=Valmiki Ramayana English Prose Translation in 7 volumes by Manmatha Nath Dutt 1891 to 1894 |url=https://archive.org/details/Valmiki_Ramayana_English_Prose_Translation_7_volumes_by_Manmatha_Nath_Dutt_1891_to_1894/Valmiki%20Ramayana%20-%20MN%20Dutt%20-%20Volume%207%20-%20Uttara%20Kanda%201894/page/n305/mode/2up |access-date=20 April 2021 |language=English}}{{Rp|p=1931}}</ref>

=== In fiction ===
* Sarayu is also the name of the river that flows by the fictional town of [[Malgudi]] created by the Indian writer [[R. K. Narayan]].
* Sarayu is the name given to the personification of the Holy Spirit in "[[The Shack (Young novel)|The Shack]]" created by American Novelist [[William P. Young]].

==See also==
* [[List of rivers of Nepal]]
* [[List of rivers of India]]
* [[Battle of Ghaghra]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ghaghara River}}
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/7909843#map=6/28.243/82.654&layers=C Ghaghara River marked on OpenStreetMap]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081120050615/http://www.nepalrivers.org.np/Article/the-karnali-river-article.php Nepal River Conservation Trust: ''The Karnali River'']
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Orissa/Ghaghra-River-37066.htm A very short description of Ghaghra River]
* [https://imakemytrip.blogspot.com/2013/01/karnali-bridge-in-far-western-nepal.html Karnali Bridge in Far-Western Nepal]

{{Waters of South Asia}}
{{Hydrography of Nepal}}
{{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rivers of Karnali Province]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Ganges]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Tibet]]
[[Category:Rivers in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Ghaghara]]
[[Category:Braided rivers in India]]

Yamaha Motor Company

2026-03-07T14:50:15Z

Daljeetbhutal:

{{Short description|Japanese motorcycle manufacturer}}
{{About|the mobility company|the separate music equipment manufacturer|Yamaha Corporation}}
{{use mdy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
| logo = Yamaha Motor 2025.svg
| logo_upright = 1.1
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2025
| image = Yamaha Motor HQ new bldg 250922.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Iwata, Shizuoka]]
| native_name = ヤマハ発動機株式会社
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = ''Yamaha Hatsudōki Kabushiki-gaisha''
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{TYO|7272}}
| predecessor =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1955|7|1}}
| location_city = [[Iwata, Shizuoka]]
| location_country = Japan
| key_people = Katsuaki Watanabe ([[chairman]] & [[Director (business)|Director]]) Motofumi Shitara ([[President (corporate title)|president]] & [[Representative director (Japan)|Representative Director]])
| area_served = Worldwide
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| founder = [[Genichi Kawakami]]
| products = [[Motorcycle]]s, commuter vehicles & [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooters]], recreational vehicles, boats, marine engines, small tractors, [[personal watercraft]], electrically power assisted bicycles, automobile engines, [[golf cart]]s, cycling components
| revenue = 2.414 trillion (2023)
| owners = {{plainlist|
* The Master Trust Bank of Japan (18.03%)
* Custody Bank of Japan (5.84%)
* [[Yamaha Corporation]] (4.73%)
* [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]] (3.78%)
* SMBC Nikko Securities (3.37%)
* (as of December 31, 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/ir/stock/stock-info/| title= Stock Information |website=global.yamaha-motor.com}}</ref>}}
| num_employees = 52,664 (as of December 31, 2014)
| subsid = {{plainlist|
* [[MBK (Scooter manufacturer)|MBK]]
* [[Sportsland Sugo|Sugo Co., Ltd.]]
* MTT
}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://global.yamaha-motor.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

{{Nihongo|'''Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.'''|ヤマハ発動機株式会社|Yamaha Hatsudōki [[Kabushiki gaisha]]}} is a Japanese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] mobility manufacturer that was founded in 1955. The company operates across various industries and manufactures a wide range of motorized products, including [[motorcycle]]s, [[motorboat]]s, outboard motors, and semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

The company was established following its separation from Nippon Gakki Co., Ltd. (currently [[Yamaha Corporation]]) and is headquartered in [[Iwata, Shizuoka|Iwata]], [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]], Japan. As of 2024, the company operates development, production, and marketing functions through 137 consolidated subsidiaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170209005550/en/Yamaha-Motor-Establishes-Highly-Profitable-Business-Structure| title= Yamaha Motor Establishes Highly Profitable Business Structure |website= businesswire.com| date= 9 February 2017 |language=en|access-date=2017-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://finance.yahoo.com/news/yamaha-motor-establishes-highly-profitable-090700423.html |title=Yamaha Motor Establishes Highly Profitable Business Structure| website= finance.yahoo.com| access-date= 2017-02-15|language= en-US}}</ref> Yamaha has been the world's second-largest motorcycle manufacturer, and it is the global leader in water vehicle sales. In addition, Yamaha holds the world's second-largest market share in chip mounters for semiconductor manufacturing equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gyokai-search.com/3-bike.htm|title= 二輪車・バイク業界の動向・ランキング等を研究-業界動向サーチ| language= ja| trans-title= Research on trends and rankings of motorcycles · motorcycle industry – industry trend search |website= gyokai-search.com| access-date= 11 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXNASDD110W1_S3A910C1000000/ |title= Yamaha, marine business earns earnest and leverages motorcycle know-how| website= nikkei.com| publisher= [[Nihon Keizai Shimbun]]| date= September 17, 2013}}</ref>

Led by [[Genichi Kawakami]], the company's founder and first president, Yamaha Motor spun off from musical instrument manufacturer [[Yamaha Corporation]] in 1955 and began production of its first product, the YA-1 125cc motorcycle. It was quickly successful and won the 3rd [[Mount Fuji]] Ascent Race in its class.

The company's products include [[motorcycles]], [[Scooter (motorcycle)|scooter]]s, [[motorized bicycle]]s, boats, [[sail boat]]s, [[personal watercraft]], [[swimming pool]]s, utility boats, [[fishing boat]]s, outboard motors, 4-wheel [[All-terrain vehicle|ATV]]s, recreational [[off-road vehicle]]s, [[go-kart]] engines, [[golf cart]]s, multi-purpose engines, [[electrical generator]]s, [[water pump]]s, [[automobile engine]]s, surface mounters, intelligent machinery, electrical power units for [[wheelchair]]s, and [[helmet]]s. The company is also involved in the import and sale of various types of products, the development of tourist businesses, and the management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services.

==History==
===Parent company===
Nippon Gakki Co., Ltd (currently [[Yamaha Corporation]]) was founded by [[Torakusu Yamaha]] in 1887 to manufacture [[reed organs]] and [[piano]]s and became the largest Japanese manufacturer of musical instruments in the early 20th Century. Yamaha was contracted to manufacture wooden and (later) metal airplane [[propeller]]s by the Japanese government during [[World War II]]. The company struggled in the aftermath of the war, and in the early 1950s, chairman [[Genichi Kawakami]] decided to repurpose its underutilized war-time facilities to manufacture small motorcycles for leisure use.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/28/business/genichi-kawakami-90-dies-led-yamaha-s-big-expansion.html |work=The New York Times |title=Genichi Kawakami, 90, Dies; Led Yamaha's Big Expansion |last=Hays |first=Constance L. |date=May 28, 2002 |access-date=July 19, 2022 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Beginnings: 1955===
The motorcycle division of Yamaha was spun off in 1955, being incorporated on 1 July 1955 in Japan,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Yamaha Day 2020 {{!}} Yamaha Motor Australia|url=https://www.yamaha-motor.com.au/yamahaday2020|access-date=2020-12-16|website=www.yamaha-motor.com.au|language=en}}</ref> and was headed by Genichi Kawakami. Yamaha's initial product was a {{cvt|125|cc}} [[two-stroke]], single cylinder motorcycle, the [[Yamaha YA-1|YA-1]], which was a copy of the German [[DKW RT 125]]. The YA-1 was a competitive success at racing from the beginning, winning not only the 125cc class in the Mt. Fuji Ascent, but also sweeping the podium with first, second and third place in the All Japan Autobike Endurance Road Race that same year.<ref>{{cite web| title=Yamaha Motorcycles and Brand History| website= autoevolution.com| url= http://www.autoevolution.com/moto/yamaha/ |publisher= SoftNews NET|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> Early success in racing set the tone for Yamaha, as competition in many varieties of motorcycle racing has been a key endeavor of the company throughout its history, often fueled by a strong rivalry with [[Honda]], [[Suzuki]], [[Kawasaki Motors|Kawasaki]], and other Japanese manufacturers.

Yamaha began competing internationally in 1956 when they entered the Catalina Grand Prix, again with the YA-1, at which they placed sixth. The YA-1 was followed by the YA-2 of 1957, another 125cc two stroke, but with significantly improved frame and suspension.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yamaha Showroom Communication Plaza Collection|url=http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/ya-2/|website=yamaha-motor.com |publisher=Yamaha Motors| access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> The YD-1 of 1957 was a 250cc two-stroke twin cylinder motorcycle, resembling the YA-2, but with a larger and more powerful motor. A performance version of this bike, the YDS-1 housed the 250cc two-stroke twin in a double downtube cradle frame and offered the first five-speed transmission in a Japanese motorcycle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yamaha Collection – YDS-1|url=http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/yds-1/|website=Yamaha-Motor.com|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> This period also saw Yamaha offer its first outboard marine engine.

===Success and growth in the 1970s===

By 1963, Yamaha's dedication to both the two-stroke engine and racing paid off with their first victory in international competition, at the Belgian GP, where they won the 250cc class. Success in sales was even more impressive, and Yamaha set up the first of its international subsidiaries in this period beginning with Thailand in 1964, and the Netherlands in 1968. 1965 saw the release of a 305cc two-stroke twin, the flagship of the company's lineup. It featured a separate oil supply which directly injected oil into the gasoline prior to combustion (traditionally riders had to pre-mix oil into gasoline together before filling the gas tank on two stroke engines). In 1967 a new larger displacement model was added to the range, the 350cc two stroke twin R-1.

In 1968, Yamaha launched their first four-stroke motorcycle, the [[Yamaha XS 650|XS-1/650]] which was a 650cc four-stroke twin, a larger and more powerful machine that equaled the displacement and performance of the popular British bikes of the era, such as the Triumph Bonneville and BSA Gold Star. Yamaha continued on with both the two-stroke line and four-stroke twins at a time that other Japanese manufacturers were increasingly moving to four cylinder four-stroke machines, a trend led by [[Honda]] in 1969 with the legendary [[Honda CB750 and CR750|CB750]] four-stroke four-cylinder cycle.

===Two stroke era begins: the 1970s===
In early 1969, Yamaha added reed-valve induction to its previously piston-ported designs to produce the twin-cylinder [[Yamaha RD motorcycle variants|RD]] and single-cylinder [[Yamaha RS motorcycle variants|RS]] families, with variants in a number of capacities. There was a persistent, but apocryphal, rumour to the effect that "RD" indicated ''race developed''. In fact, "R" appears to have indicated ''reed valved'', "D" the twin (or ''double'') cylinder models and "S" the single-cylinder models. The RD family would be developed through the 1970s and 1980s, gaining solid wheels, water-cooling, YPVS, and other newer technology 'til they had little in common with the original variants (before being supplanted by the TZR). The RS family was produced for many years in a large number of variants by Yamaha and then [[Escorts Limited]] in India without losing its resemblance to its progenitors. In addition to the RD and RS standards, Yamaha also manufactured small standards with stamped steel frames and rotary disc-valved motors such as the [[Yamaha FS1]], and step-through V-50 and V-80 designs. Its Enduro trail bike was replaced by the DT models. Not until 1976 would Yamaha answer the other Japanese brands with a multi-cylinder four stroke of their own. The [[Yamaha XS750|XS-750]] (and later 850) a 750cc triple cylinder machine with shaft final drive was introduced almost seven years after Honda's breakthrough bike. Yamaha's first four-cylinder model, the [[Yamaha XS Eleven|XS-1100]] followed in 1978, again with shaft drive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yamaha Collections: XS-1100| url= http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/xs1100/| website= yamaha-motor.com| publisher= Yamaha Motors|access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref> Despite being heavier and more touring oriented than its rivals it produced an impressive string of victories in endurance racing.

The 1970s also saw some of the first dedicated off-road bikes for off-road racing and recreation. Yamaha was an early innovator in dirt-bike technology, and introduced the first single-shock rear suspension, the trademarked "Monoshock" of 1973.<ref>{{cite web| last1= Melling| first1= Frank| title= Memorable MC: 1974 Yamaha YZ250M Monoshock| url= http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/290/5997/Motorcycle-Article/Memorable-MC--1973-Yamaha-Monoshock.aspx| publisher= Motorcycle USA LLC.| access-date= 16 January 2015| archive-date= 28 May 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130528084225/http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/290/5997/Motorcycle-Article/Memorable-MC--1973-Yamaha-Monoshock.aspx| url-status= dead}}</ref> It appeared in production on the 1974 Yamaha YZ-250, a model which is still in production, making it Yamaha's longest continuous model and name. Yamaha continued racing throughout the 1960s and 1970s with increasing success in several formats. The decade of the 1970s was capped by the [[Yamaha XT500|XT500]] winning the first [[Dakar Rally|Paris-Dakar Rally]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.dakar.com/2009/DAK/presentation/docs/histo_1979_2007_us.pdf| title= Dakar Retrospective 1979–2007| website= Dakar.com| access-date= 29 April 2011| url-status= dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110515053140/http://www.dakar.com/2009/DAK/presentation/docs/histo_1979_2007_us.pdf| archive-date= 15 May 2011}}</ref>

===1980s: diversification and innovation===
[[File:Yamaha Motor Corporation USA West Coast Operations Cypress California 2021.jpg|thumb|Yamaha Motor's West Coast administrative headquarters in [[Cypress, California]]]]
By 1980 the combination of consumer preference and environmental regulation made four strokes increasingly popular. Suzuki ended production of their [[Suzuki GT series|GT two stroke series]], including the flagship water-cooled two-stroke 750cc GT-750 in 1977. Kawasaki, who had considerable success throughout the 1970s with their [[Kawasaki triple|two-stroke triples]] of 250cc, 350cc, 400cc, 500cc and 750cc ended production of road-going two strokes in 1980. Yamaha bucked this trend and continued to refine and sell two-strokes for the street into the 1980s. These bikes were performance oriented, water-cooled twin cylinder machines, designed to achieve excellent performance taking advantage of the lower weight of two strokes. The RZ-250 of 1980<ref>{{cite web|title= Yamaha Motors Collection RZ-250| url= http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/rz250/|website= yamaha-motor.com| publisher= Yamaha Motors|access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref> was the progenitor of this series. The [[Yamaha RZ350|RZ-350]], the largest displacement model, was a popular hot-rod bike of the 1980s and continued to be sold in some countries into the early 1990s.

Throughout the 1980s the motorcycle industry gradually went from building a few basic but versatile models designed to work well in many roles, to offering many more specialized machines designed to excel in particular niches. These included racing and performance street riding, touring, motocross racing, enduro and recreational off-road riding, and cruising. Yamaha branched out from the relatively small number of UJMs ([[Universal Japanese Motorcycle]]) at the start of the decade to a much larger set of offerings in several clearly defined markets at the end of the decade.

The XV750 of 1981 featured an air-cooled V-twin four-stroke engine and cruiser styling, and was one of the first Japanese cruiser style motorcycles. By the end of the 1980s Yamaha had offered dozens of cruiser styled bikes in a variety of displacements and engine configurations. The RZV500 was one of the first "repli-racers", a near copy of Kenny Roberts competition GP bike, it featured a liquid-cooled two-stroke motor of 500cc displacement in a V4 configuration, along with a perimeter frame and full fairing.<ref>{{cite web| title=Yamaha Collection: RZV500R| url= http://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/cp/collection/rzv500r/|website= yamaha-motor.com| publisher= Yamaha Motors|access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref> A more popular and practical high-performance model for the street was introduced in 1985, the [[Yamaha FZ750|FZ750]]. It was an innovative 750cc four-stroke inline four cylinder model. It was the first motorcycle to feature a five-valve cylinder head, something Yamaha became well known for. It also featured a cylinder block canted forward at 45 degrees, and a box-section steel perimeter frame. Production of the FZ continued until 1991.

[[File:Xt350 links.png|thumb|[[Yamaha XT350]]]]
Another bike that was performance-oriented was the [[Yamaha RX-Z]], introduced in 1985 as a two-stroke naked sport bike, related to the [[Yamaha RX-135]] and Yamaha RD-135, borrowing its chassis and platform. Originally equipped with a five speed transmission and a solid front disc brake rotor with rear drum brakes, it was popular in Malaysia and Singapore. After a few years on the market, the engine was upgraded with the installation of a six-speed transmission, together with a newer instrument panel and handlebar switches, as well as a cross-drilled front disc brake rotor, while the rear remained with the drum brakes. The design was unchanged until it was updated in 2004, with the rear lights being borrowed by the [[Yamaha Y125Z]] and a new headlight. It was also installed with a catalytic converter, which reduced its horsepower to 19bhp. However, the maximum torque remained unchanged but the low-end torque was improved compared to the early models. Some owners of the earlier RX-Z motorcycles may have problems during take-off because the engine tends to stall when an inexperienced rider tries to take off in the first gear. However, the problem was resolved in the new model. In Malaysia, this bike was associated with street racers and was featured in many Malay movies. In 2011, after 26 years, it was discontinued.

===The 1990s: Performance bikes and a spin-off brand===

In 1998 Yamaha marketed a 1000cc four cylinder road bike called the [[Yamaha YZF-R1|YZF 'R1']], this model introduced a new style of gearbox design which shortened the overall length of the motor/gearbox case, to allow a more compact unit. This, in turn allowed the motor to be placed in the frame further forward, designed to improve handling in a short wheel-based frame.<ref>{{cite book | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8Jl3XwHYywC&pg=PA84 | pages= 84–90 | title= Pictorial history of Japanese motorcycles | first= Cornelis | last= Vandenheuvel | publisher= MBI Publishing Company | year= 1997 | isbn= 978-1-870979-97-9 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1995, Yamaha announced the creation of [[Star Motorcycles]], a new brand name for its cruiser series of motorcycles in the American market. In other markets, Star motorcycles are still sold under the Yamaha brand. This was an attempt to create a brand identity more closely aligned with the cruiser market segment, one of the largest and most lucrative in the US.

===The 2000s: Expansion and consolidation===
[[File:Yamaha XS650.jpg|thumb|[[Yamaha XS650]] vertical-twin]]
In 2007, Yamaha established the [[Philippines|Philippine]] operations and distributes Yamaha motorcycles under the corporate name of Yamaha Motor Philippines, Inc., one of more than 20 worldwide subsidiaries operating on all continents.

In 2015, Yamaha invested {{USD|150 million}} in Pakistan to set up a plant at [[Port Qasim]], Karachi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rizwan |date=2017-04-04 |title=Yamaha eyes 15pc market share in 125cc bike category |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/196299-Yamaha-eyes-15pc-market-share-in-125cc-bike-category |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/876873/investment-yamaha-resumes-assembly-in-pakistan/|title = Investment: Yamaha resumes assembly in Pakistan|date = 27 April 2015}}</ref> Yamaha purchased small engine maker [[Subaru Industrial Power Products]] from [[Subaru]] in October 2017. Subaru's engines powered lawnmowers, generators and water pumps and have since been rebranded as Yamaha.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}} Yamaha and Volvo co-developed the B8444S V8 engine for Volvo vehicles from 2005 to 2016.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== Leadership ==
* [[Genichi Kawakami]] (1955–1977)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/obituary/2002/06/06/genichi-kawakami|title=Genichi Kawakami|work=[[The Economist]]|date=June 6, 2002|access-date=August 16, 2018}}</ref>
* Hisao Koike (1977–1980){{cn|date=November 2025}}
* Genichi Kawakami (1980–1983){{cn|date=November 2025}}
* Hideto Eguchi (1983–1994)<ref>人事興信所編『人事興信録第40版上』人事興信所、1999年。</ref>
* Takehiko Hasegawa (1994–2001){{cn|date=November 2025}}
* Itaru Hasegawa (2001–2005)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/jp/news/2004/1122/personnel.html |title=社長交替を伴う取締役、監査役および執行役員の人事異動について
|trans-title=Changes in Directors, Audit & Supervisory Board Members, and Executive Officers, including a change in President |publisher=Yamaha |location=Japan |language=Japanese |date=2004-11-22 |access-date=2025-11-28}}</ref>
* Takashi Kajikawa (2005–2009)<ref name="our stories">{{cite press release |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/stories/history/timeline/ |title=Our stories |publisher=Yamaha |location=Japan |access-date=2025-11-29}}</ref>
* Togami Tsuneji (2009–2010)<ref name="our stories"/>
* Hiroyuki Yanagi (2010–2017)<ref name="nikkei.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO23035240S7A101C1000000/ |title=ヤマハ発動機社長に日高取締役 |trans-title=Director Hidaka appointed president of Yamaha Motor |publisher=Nikkei |location=Japan |language=Japanese |date=2017-11-02 |access-date=2025-11-29}}</ref>
* Yoshihiro Hidaka (2017–2024)<ref name="nikkei.com"/>
* Katsuaki Watanabe (2024–2025)<ref name="change-2024">{{cite press release |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/jp/news/2024/0930/corporate.html |title=代表取締役の異動について |trans-title=Change in Representative Director |publisher=Yamaha |location=Japan |language=Japanese|date=2024-09-30 |access-date=2025-11-29}}</ref>
* Motofumi Shitara (2025–present)<ref name="change-2024"/>

== Motorsport ==
{{See also|Yamaha Motor Racing}}
[[File:Kenny Roberts.JPG|thumb|upright|Three-time Grand Championship winner [[Kenny Roberts]] at the 1981 German Grand Prix]]
In [[motorcycle racing]] Yamaha has won 39 world championships, including seven in [[MotoGP]] and 10 in the preceding 500 cc two-stroke class, and two in [[World Superbike]]. In addition Yamaha have recorded 210 victories at the [[Isle of Man TT]]<ref name="iomtt.com">{{cite web| url= http://www.iomtt.com/TT-Database/Machines.aspx?marq_Name=Yamaha&filter=Y|title=Machines – Isle of Man TT Official Website| website= iomtt.com| access-date=11 November 2017}}</ref> and head the list of victories at the [[Sidecar TT]] with 40.<ref name="iomtt.com"/> Past Yamaha riders include: [[Jarno Saarinen]], [[Giacomo Agostini]], [[Bob Hannah]], [[Heikki Mikkola]], [[Bruce Anstey]], [[Kenny Roberts]], [[Eddie Lawson]], [[Wayne Rainey]], [[Jeremy McGrath]], [[Stefan Merriman]], [[Dave Molyneux]], [[Ian Hutchinson (motorcycle racer)|Ian Hutchinson]], [[Phil Read]], [[Chad Reed]], [[Ben Spies]], [[Jorge Lorenzo]], and nine-time world champion [[Valentino Rossi]].

The [[Yamaha YZ450F]] won the [[AMA Supercross Championship]] two years in a row, in 2008 with Chad Reed, and 2009 James Stewart. Yamaha was the first to build a production [[monoshock]] [[motocross]] bike (1975 for 250 and 400, 1976 for 125) and one of the first to have a water-cooled motocross production bike (1977 in works bikes, 1981 in off-the-shelf bikes). Yamaha's first Motocross competition four-stroke bike, the YZ400F, won the 1998 USA outdoor national Championship with factory rider Doug Henry.

Since 1962, Yamaha made production road racing [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing|Grand Prix]] motorcycles that any licensed road racer could purchase. In 1970, non-factory privateer teams dominated the 250 cc World Championship with Great Britain's [[Rodney Gould (motorcyclist)|Rodney Gould]] winning the title on a [[Yamaha TD2]].

Yamaha also sponsors several professional ATV riders in several areas of racing, such as cross country racing and motocross. Yamaha has had success in cross country with their YFZ450, ridden by Bill Ballance, winning 9 straight titles since 2000. Yamaha's other major rider, Traci Cecco, has ridden the YFZ450 to 7 titles, with the first in 2000. In ATV motocross, Yamaha has had success with Dustin Nelson and Pat Brown, both who race the YFZ450. Pat Brown's best season was a 3rd place title in 2007, while Nelson has had two 1st place titles in the Yamaha/ITP Quadcross, one in 2006 and the other in 2008.

In 2021, Yamaha has won several competitions, such as British Superbike with [[Tarran Mackenzie]], MotoAmerica with [[Jake Gagne]], MFJ Superbike with [[Katsuyuki Nakasuga]], WorldSSP with [[Dominique Aegerter]], and several other competitions. Their 2022 [[MotoGP#MotoGP class|MotoGP]] lineup was [[Fabio Quartararo]] and [[Franco Morbidelli]], continuing in 2023. The 2022 world superbikes team was [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]] and [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]], continuing in 2023. Yamaha's [[Superbike World Championship]] team since 2016 has been delivered by Crescent Racing.

===World Superbike===
{{update section|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox Superbike team
| Short_name=Yamaha Superbike
| Logo=
| Last_season=2024
| Long_name=Pata Yamaha Prometeon WorldSBK
| Base= [[Shizuoka (city)|Shizuoka]], Japan
| Principal= Paul Denning, ''Project Director'' ''Team Manager''
| Riders= 55 {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]] 97 {{flagicon|SPA}} [[Xavi Vierge]]
| Motorcycle=[[Yamaha YZF-R1]] (2019→)
| Tyres=[[Pirelli]]
| Riders_champ={{SBK|2009}} [[Ben Spies]] {{SBK|2021}} [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]]
}}
The first Yamaha rider to ever win a World Superbike was [[Ben Spies]] in [[2009 Superbike World Championship|2009]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Spies - Racing Information {{!}} Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/race/wgp-50th/race_archive/riders/ben_spies/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=global.yamaha-motor.com}}</ref> Then in [[2021 Superbike World Championship|2021]], [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]] managed to become world champion.

====By season results====
([[Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{{sticky table start}}
{|class="wikitable sticky-table-col1" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
!rowspan="2"| Year
!rowspan="2"| Bike
!rowspan="2"| Team
!rowspan="2"| Tyres
!rowspan="2"| No.
!rowspan="2"| Riders
!colspan="3"| 1
!colspan="3"| 2
!colspan="3"| 3
!colspan="3"| 4
!colspan="3"| 5
!colspan="3"| 6
!colspan="3"| 7
!colspan="3"| 8
!colspan="3"| 9
!colspan="3"| 10
!colspan="3"| 11
!colspan="3"| 12
!colspan="3"| 13
!rowspan="2"| Points
!rowspan="2"| {{Tooltip|RC|Riders' championship position}}
!rowspan="2"| Points
!rowspan="2"| {{Tooltip|TC|Teams' championship position}}
!rowspan="2"| Points
!rowspan="2"| {{Tooltip|MC|Manufacturers' championship position}}
|-
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
! R1
! SR
! R2
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2019}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| Pata Yamaha WorldSBK Team
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 22
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alex Lowes]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|RET}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|RET}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| ''[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]'' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| ''[[Losail International Circuit|QAT]]'' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Losail International Circuit|QAT]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Losail International Circuit|QAT]] {{small|4}}
!style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 341
!style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 668
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 451
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
|-
| 60
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Michael van der Mark]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Chang International Circuit|THA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari|ITA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca|USA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Losail International Circuit|QAT]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Losail International Circuit|QAT]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Losail International Circuit|QAT]] {{small|7}}
! 327
! 4th
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2020}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| Pata Yamaha WorldSBK Official Team
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 54
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]]
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Ciudad del Motor de Aragón|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Autódromo do Estoril|POR]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''[[Autódromo do Estoril|POR]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Autódromo do Estoril|POR]] {{small|3}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 228
! 4th
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 451
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 330
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
|-
| 60
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Michael van der Mark]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| ''[[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]'' {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! 221
! 5th
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2021}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| Pata Yamaha with Brixx WorldSBK
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 54
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Donington Park|GBR]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| ''[[Donington Park|GBR]]'' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| '''[[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]''' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| '''''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| '''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''' {{small|4}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 564
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 1st
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 855
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 1st
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 607
!rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 1st
|-
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Navarra|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffffff;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|8}}
! 291
! 4th
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2022}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| Pata Yamaha with Brixx WorldSBK
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 1
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''''[[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]]''''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''''[[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]]''''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''[[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| '''[[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Donington Park|GBR]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| '''[[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]]''' {{small|15}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| ''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|
|
|
!style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 529
!style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 803
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 577
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
|-
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito San Juan Villicum|ARG]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|
|
|
! 274
! 5th
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2023}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| Pata Yamaha Prometeon WorldSBK
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 54
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Toprak Razgatlıoğlu]]
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''[[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| '''[[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| '''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''[[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| '''[[Imola Circuit|ITA]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''[[Imola Circuit|ITA]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Imola Circuit|ITA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| '''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| ''[[Autodrom Most|CZE]]'' {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| ''[[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]'' {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|2}}
|
|
|
!style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 552
!style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 879
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 581
!rowspan="2" style="background:#dfdfdf;"| 2nd
|-
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Mandalika International Street Circuit|INA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Imola Circuit|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Imola Circuit|ITA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Imola Circuit|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|10}}
|
|
|
! 327
! 4th
|-
!rowspan="3"| {{SBK|2024}}
!rowspan="3"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="3"| Pata Yamaha Prometeon WorldSBK
|rowspan="3"| {{Pirelli}}
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#dfdfdf;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#efcfff;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]'' {{small|8}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|8}}
|
|
|
! 232
! 7th
!rowspan="3" | 377
!rowspan="3" | 4th
!rowspan="3" | 307
!rowspan="3" | 4th
|-
| 59
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Niccolò Canepa]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]]
| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]]
| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|19}}
| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
|
|
|
! 0
! 33rd
|-
| 65
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Rea]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|SPA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''[[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]''' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''[[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]''' {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|ITA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|DNS}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|DNS}}
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|SPA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|22}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|9}}
|
|
|
! 127
! 13th
|-
!rowspan="3"| {{SBK|2025}}
!rowspan="3"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="3"| PATA Maxus Yamaha WorldSBK
|rowspan="3"| {{Pirelli}}
| 20
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jason O'Halloran (motorcyclist)|Jason O'Halloran]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|20}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|21}}
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
|
|
|
! 0
! 28th
!rowspan="3" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 393
!rowspan="3" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
!rowspan="3" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 340
!rowspan="3" style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3rd
|-
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|4}}
|
|
|
! 310
! 4th
|-
| 65
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Rea]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFFFFF;"| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|EMI]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Donington Park|GBR]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]] {{small|DNS}}
|
|
|
! 83
! 16th
|-
!rowspan="2"| {{SBK|2026}}
!rowspan="2"| [[Yamaha YZF-R1]]
|rowspan="2"| PATA Maxus Yamaha
|rowspan="2"| {{Pirelli}}
| 55
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Locatelli (motorcyclist)|Andrea Locatelli]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
|
|
|
!
!
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2"|
|-
| 97
|style="text-align:left;"| {{flagicon|SPA}} [[Xavi Vierge]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit|AUS]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|POR]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[TT Circuit Assen|NED]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Balaton Park Circuit|HUN]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[Autodrom Most|CZE]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[MotorLand Aragón|ARA]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Misano World Circuit|EMI]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Donington Park|GBR]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|FRA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Cremona Circuit|ITA]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito do Estoril|POR]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
| [[Circuito de Jerez|SPA]]
|
|
|
!
!
|}
{{sticky table end}}
{{asterisk}} Season still in progress.

=== Formula One ===
{{Infobox F1 engine manufacturer
| name = Yamaha
| logo =
| official_name =
| base =
| founders =
| staff =
| debut = [[1989 Brazilian Grand Prix]]
| final_race = [[1997 European Grand Prix]]
| races = 130 (116 starts)
| chassis = [[Zakspeed]], [[Brabham]], [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]], [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]], [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]
| cons_champ = 0
| drivers_champ = 0
| wins = 0
| podiums = 2
| points = 36
| poles = 0
| fastest_laps = 0
}}

Yamaha produced Formula One engines from 1989 to 1997 (with a one-year break in 1990), initially for the [[Zakspeed]] team, in 1991 for the [[Brabham BT60Y]], in 1992 for the [[Jordan 192]], from 1993 to 1996 for [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]], and in 1997 for the [[Arrows A18]]. The Yamaha engines never won a race ([[Damon Hill]] nearly did so at the [[1997 Hungarian Grand Prix]]). Drivers including Damon Hill, [[Ukyo Katayama]], [[Mark Blundell]] and [[Mika Salo]] scored some acceptable results with Blundell achieving a surprise 3rd place at the [[1994 Spanish Grand Prix]] and Hill with 2nd at the aforementioned 1997 Hungarian Grand Prix. This partly was considered to be due to Yamaha collaborating with the [[Judd (engine)|John Judd Engine Organization]] to create a better and reliable engine. However, there were questions raised as to whether the Yamaha engines used from 1993 to 1997 were just Judd engines with Yamaha branding.

1994 was considered to be Yamaha's most successful year in terms of points accrued. Apart from the podium achieved by Blundell in Spain, the Yamaha engine in the Tyrrell Car achieved 4 fifth place finishes and 1 sixth place finish over the course of the season. However, due to the inconsistency of the engine over the years, they were often unreliable and were usually regarded as not very powerful. The Yamaha engines never secured a fastest lap or pole position despite being on the grid for nearly a decade.

After the conclusion of the 1997 Formula One season, Yamaha decided to pull out of the sport. A possible reason for this was due to a disagreement with Arrows regarding the 1998 engine's identification. Yamaha wished to carry out work on the engine with their engineers, while Arrows wished for their own engineers to work on the engine instead, while still having it badged as a Yamaha engine.

==== Formula One World Championship results ====

([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]])
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Chassis
! Engine
! Tyres
! Drivers
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]
! WCC
|-
!rowspan="3"| {{F1|1989}}
!rowspan="3"| [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]
|rowspan="3"| [[Zakspeed 891]]
|rowspan="3"| Yamaha OX88 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]
|rowspan="3"| {{Pirelli}}
||
|| [[1989 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1989 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1989 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]
|| [[1989 United States Grand Prix|USA]]
|| [[1989 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1989 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1989 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1989 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1989 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1989 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1989 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1989 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1989 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1989 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1989 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
||
!rowspan="3"| 0
!rowspan="3"| NC
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Bernd Schneider (racing driver)|Bernd Schneider]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Aguri Suzuki]]
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1991}}
! rowspan="3"| [[Brabham]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Brabham BT59|Brabham BT59Y]] [[Brabham BT60|Brabham BT60Y]]
| rowspan="3"| Yamaha OX99 3.5 [[V12 engine|V12]]
|rowspan="3"| {{Pirelli}}
||
|| [[1991 United States Grand Prix|USA]]
|| [[1991 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1991 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1991 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1991 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1991 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]
|| [[1991 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1991 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1991 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1991 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1991 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1991 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1991 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1991 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1991 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
||
!rowspan="3"| 3
!rowspan="3"| 9th
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| EX
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 9
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNQ
|
|-
|align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mark Blundell]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNQ
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFCFCF;"| DNPQ
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 17
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| [[1992 Formula One season|1992]]
! rowspan="3"| [[Jordan Grand Prix|Sasol Jordan Yamaha]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Jordan 192]]
| rowspan="3"| Yamaha OX99 3.5 [[V12 engine|V12]]
| rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}}
|
|| [[1992 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]
|| [[1992 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]
|| [[1992 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1992 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1992 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1992 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1992 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1992 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1992 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1992 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1992 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1992 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1992 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1992 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1992 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1992 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
|
! rowspan="3"| 1
! rowspan="3"| 11th
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Stefano Modena]]
| style="background:#ffcfcf;"| DNQ
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#ffcfcf;"| DNQ
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#ffcfcf;"| DNQ
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 15
| style="background:#ffcfcf;"| DNQ
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 13
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7
| style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Maurício Gugelmin]]
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 11
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 7
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 15
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 10
| style="background:#cfcfff;"| 14
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
| style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1993}}
! rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell 020|Tyrrell 020C]] [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] [[Tyrrell 021|021]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Judd (engine)#Yamaha partnership|Yamaha OX10A]] 3.5 [[V10 engine|V10]]
| rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}}
|
|| [[1993 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]
|| [[1993 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1993 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
|| [[1993 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1993 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1993 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1993 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1993 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1993 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1993 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1993 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1993 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1993 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1993 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1993 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1993 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
||
!rowspan="3"| 0
!rowspan="3"| NC
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ukyo Katayama]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 17
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 15
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 14
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#000000; color:white"| DSQ
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 15
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| NC
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1994}}
! rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell 022]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Judd (engine)#Yamaha partnership|Yamaha OX10B]] 3.5 [[V10 engine|V10]]
| rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}}
|
|| [[1994 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1994 Pacific Grand Prix|PAC]]
|| [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1994 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1994 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1994 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1994 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1994 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1994 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1994 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1994 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1994 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1994 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1994 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
|| [[1994 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1994 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
||
!rowspan="3"| 13
!rowspan="3"| 7th
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ukyo Katayama]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mark Blundell]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 9
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
! rowspan="4"| {{F1|1995}}
! rowspan="4"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Nokia Tyrrell Yamaha]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Tyrrell 023]]
| rowspan="4"| [[Judd (engine)#Yamaha partnership|Yamaha OX10C]] 3.0 [[V10 engine|V10]]
| rowspan="4"| {{Goodyear}}
|
|| [[1995 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1995 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
|| [[1995 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1995 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1995 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1995 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1995 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1995 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1995 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1995 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1995 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1995 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1995 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1995 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
|| [[1995 Pacific Grand Prix|PAC]]
|| [[1995 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1995 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
!rowspan="4"| 5
!rowspan="4"| 8th
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ukyo Katayama]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 14
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 14
|
|
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Mika Salo]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 15
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1996}}
! rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Yamaha]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell 024]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Judd (engine)#Yamaha partnership|Yamaha OX11A]] 3.0 [[V10 engine|V10]]
| rowspan="3"| {{Goodyear}}
|
|| [[1996 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
|| [[1996 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1996 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
|| [[1996 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
|| [[1996 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1996 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1996 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1996 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1996 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1996 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1996 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1996 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1996 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1996 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1996 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]
|| [[1996 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
||
!rowspan="3"| 5
!rowspan="3"| 8th
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Ukyo Katayama]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 9
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#000000; color:white"| DSQ
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Mika Salo]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#000000; color:white"| DSQ
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#000000; color:white"| DSQ
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 9
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 11
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|
|-
! rowspan="3"| {{F1|1997}}
! rowspan="3"| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Danka Arrows Yamaha]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Arrows A18]]
| rowspan="3"| [[Judd (engine)#Yamaha partnership|Yamaha OX11C/D]] 3.0 [[V10 engine|V10]]
| rowspan="3"| {{Bridgestone}}
||
|| [[1997 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
|| [[1997 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]
|| [[1997 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]
|| [[1997 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]
|| [[1997 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|| [[1997 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]
|| [[1997 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|| [[1997 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|| [[1997 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|| [[1997 German Grand Prix|GER]]
|| [[1997 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|| [[1997 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|| [[1997 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|| [[1997 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]
|| [[1997 Luxembourg Grand Prix|LUX]]
|| [[1997 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|| [[1997 European Grand Prix|EUR]]
!rowspan="3"| 9
!rowspan="3"| 8th
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Damon Hill]]
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| DNS
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 17
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 9
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 12
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|-
|align="left"| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Pedro Diniz]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 10
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 8
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 7
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| 13
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| Ret
|}

=== Formula E ===
{{Infobox motor racing team|name={{flagicon|GER}} Lola Yamaha Abt Formula E Team|logo=|base=|current series=[[Formula E]]|current drivers={{0}}11. {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Lucas di Grassi]] {{0}}22. {{flagicon|BRB}} [[Zane Maloney]]|races=0|wins=0|podiums=1||points=30|first entry=[[2024 São Paulo ePrix (December)]]|last entry=|first win=|last win=|website={{URL|https://lola-cars.co.uk/}}|drivers=|former series=}}
In March 2024, it was announced [[Lola Cars]] will enter [[Formula E]] in the [[2024–25 Formula E World Championship|2024–25 season]] as a powertrain supplier in a technical partnership with Yamaha.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Lola Cars Returns To Top Tier Motorsport With Yamaha As Technical Partner |url=https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/493456/lola-cars-returns-to-top-tier-motorsport-with-yamaha-as-technical-partner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328102841/https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/493456/lola-cars-returns-to-top-tier-motorsport-with-yamaha-as-technical-partner |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=March 28, 2024 |work=[[Formula E]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mackley |first=Stefan |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Lola returns to motorsport in Formula E with Yamaha powertrain partnership |url=https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/lola-returns-to-motorsport-in-formula-e-with-yamaha-powertrain-partnership/10592554/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411134307/https://www.motorsport.com/formula-e/news/lola-returns-to-motorsport-in-formula-e-with-yamaha-powertrain-partnership/10592554/ |archive-date=April 11, 2024 |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |language=}}</ref> A month later, Lola-Yamaha secured [[Abt Sportsline|Abt]] Formula E Team as its first powertrain customer for the 2024–25 season, with the team entering the season as Lola Yamaha Abt Formula E Team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2024 |title=ABT will partner with Lola and Yamaha from Season 11 |url=https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/494387/www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/494387/abt-will-partner-with-lola-cars-and-yamaha-motor-from-season-11 |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=[[Formula E]] |language= }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2024 |title=Lola Yamaha ABT completes debut driver line-up with rookie Zane Maloney joining "Mr. Formula E" Lucas di Grassi |url=https://fiaformulae.com/en/news/509022 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[Formula E]] |language=}}</ref>

==== Formula E results ====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center;"
! colspan="24" |[[Lola Cars|Lola]] Yamaha [[Abt Sportsline|Abt]] Formula E Team
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[2024–25 Formula E World Championship|2024–25]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Formula E Gen3|Formula E Gen3 Evo]]
! rowspan="3" |'''[[Lola Cars|Lola]]-Yamaha T001'''
| rowspan="3" |{{Hankook}}
!
!
| | [[2024 São Paulo ePrix (December)|SAO]]
|[[2025 Mexico City ePrix|MEX]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 Jeddah ePrix|JED]]
|[[2025 Miami ePrix|MIA]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 Monaco ePrix|MCO]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 Tokyo ePrix|TOK]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 Shanghai ePrix|SHA]]
|[[2025 Jakarta ePrix|JAK]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 Berlin ePrix|BER]]
| colspan="2" |[[2025 London ePrix|LDN]]
! Pts
! Pos
|-
|11
| align="left" |{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Lucas di Grassi]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 20
| style="background-color:#000000; color:white"|DSQ
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 16
|style="background:#DFDFDF"| 2
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 13
|style="background:#EFCFFF"| Ret
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 17
|style="background:#DFFFDF"| 5
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 18
|style="background:#DFFFDF"| 9
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 13
|
|
|
|
! rowspan="2" | 30*
! rowspan="2" | 11th*
|-
|22
| align="left" |{{Flagicon|BRB}} [[Zane Maloney]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 12
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 15
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 16
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 18
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 19
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 21
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 14
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 16
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 14
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 19
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 11
|style="background:#CFCFFF"| 18
|
|
|
|
|}

== Products ==
=== Overview ===
Yamaha Motor is a diversified company which produces products for industries and consumer market segments:

* [[:Category:Yamaha motorcycles|Motorcycles]]: Sport bikes, [[Star Motorcycles|''Star'' Cruiser bikes]], trail bikes, road racers and motocross racers
:{{See also|List of Yamaha motorcycles}}
*[[All terrain vehicle]]s
:{{See also|Category:Yamaha ATVs}}
*[[Snowmobiles]]
* Commuter vehicles, including scooters
* Boats: Powerboats, [[sailboats]] (e.g. [[Yamaha 26]], a sailboat produced in the 1970s), utility boats and custom boats
* Marine engines: Outboard motors, electric marine motors, marine diesel engines and [[stern drive]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yamaha-motor.com/outboard/products/lifestylehome/home.aspx|title=Yamaha Outboards|website=yamaha-motor.com|publisher=Yamaha Motors|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=25 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025091532/http://www.yamaha-motor.com/outboard/products/lifestylehome/home.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Personal watercraft – see [[WaveRunner]]
* [[Electric bicycle]]s
* [[Automobile engine]]s
* Industrial-use unmanned [[helicopters]]
* [[Golf car]]s
* Power products: [[Engine-generator|generators]], multipurpose engines, water pumps and [[Snow blower|snow throwers]]
* [[Swimming pool]]s, watersliders and pool-related equipment
* Intelligent machinery, including compact [[industrial robots]]
* [[Motorized wheelchair|Electric wheelchairs]] and wheelchair electric drive units
* Yamaha parts and accessories, apparel, cycle helmets and [[motor oil]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bikebiz.com.au/new-bikes/yamaha|title=Yamaha Motorcycles for Sale – Sydney's #1 Yamaha Dealer {{!}} Bikebiz|website=www.bikebiz.com.au|language=en|access-date=2018-11-28}}</ref>
* [[Industrial robot]]s and [[Surface-mount technology|surface mounters]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/global/about/business/im/ |title=Intelligent Machinery – Company information |publisher=Yamaha Motors| website= yamaha-motor.co.jp |access-date=2011-12-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111216105828/http://www.yamaha-motor.co.jp/global/about/business/im/ |archive-date=2011-12-16 }}</ref>

<gallery>
File:2025 Yamaha TMAX 560.jpg|[[Yamaha TMAX]] Scooter
File:YZF-R1.jpg|[[Yamaha YZF-R1]] Superbike
File:Yamaha_1700_VMax.jpg|[[Yamaha VMAX]] Cruiser
File:PRESTIGE 680 (28998149032).jpg|Yamaha PRESTIGE
File:Amy Green Racing Her Yamaha FZR (5078596656).jpg|Yamaha Waverunner
File:Yamaha outbord engines.jpg|Yamaha Outboard Motor
File:Soldier on a Quad Bike in Afghanistan MOD 45156139.jpg|[[Yamaha Grizzly|Yamaha Grizzly ATV]]
File:Yamaha yxz1000r in the ycp.JPG|Yamaha YXZ 1000R [[Side-by-side (vehicle)|UTV]]
File:Holy Land 2022 (1) P445 Jerusalem Yamaha Drive G29.jpg|Yamaha [[Golf Car]]
File:JAEA YAMAHA RMAX G1 at Fukushima Sky Park.jpg|Yamaha RMAX G1
</gallery>

===Automobile engines===
[[File:1991 Ford Taurus SHO.jpg|thumb|Yamaha-built DOHC V6 Ford Taurus SHO engine]]

Yamaha has built engines for other manufacturers' vehicles beginning with the development and production of the [[Toyota 2000GT]] (1967). The cylinder head from the [[Toyota 4A-GE]] engine was developed by Yamaha and built at Toyota's Shimayama plant alongside the 4A and 2A engines.<ref name="twincam2">{{cite book |title=All About the Toyota Twin Cam |edition=2nd |url= http://www.3sgte.com/page_24.htm |page=24 |publisher=Toyota Motor Company |year=1984 |location=Tokyo |access-date=2012-12-06}}</ref> In 1984, executives of the Yamaha Motor Corporation signed a contract with the [[Ford Motor Company]] to develop, produce, and supply compact 60° [[Ford SHO V6 engine|3.0 Liter DOHC V6]] engines for [[transverse engine|transverse]] application for the 1989–95 [[Ford Taurus SHO]].<ref name="SHONTELL">{{cite web| url= http://www.fordmuscle.com/archives/2005/08/SHOnTell/| title= SHO n Tell| publisher= Jon Mikelonis and Matt Wilder| website= fordmuscle.com| access-date= 2008-04-04| archive-date= April 26, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110426023801/http://www.fordmuscle.com/archives/2005/08/SHOnTell/| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite video | title = 1989 Ford Taurus SHO commercial | publisher = Ford Motor Company | via= retrojunk.com| url = http://www.retrojunk.com/details_commercial/4176/ | access-date = 2007-07-19}}</ref> From 1993 to 1995, the SHO engine was produced in 3.0 and 3.2 Liter versions. Yamaha jointly designed the [[Ford Yamaha V8 engine|3.4 Liter DOHC V-8]] engine with Ford for the 1996–99 SHO. Ford and Yamaha also developed the [[Ford Zetec engine|Zetec-SE]] branded 4-cylinder engines used in several Ford cars like the small sports car [[Ford Puma (sport compact)|Ford Puma]]. From 2005 to 2010, Yamaha produced a 4.4 Litre V8 for [[Volvo Cars|Volvo]]. The [[Volvo B8444S engine|B8444S]] engines were used in the [[Volvo XC90|XC90]] and [[Volvo S80|S80]] models, whilst also adapted to 5.0L configuration for Volvo's foray into the [[V8 Supercars]] with the [[Volvo S60#Australia|S60]]. British sportscar maker [[Noble Automotive|Noble]] also uses a bi-turbo version of the Volvo V8 in their [[Noble M600|M600]]. All performance-oriented cylinder heads on Toyota/[[Lexus]] engines were designed and/or built by Yamaha. Some examples are the [[Toyota LR engine#1LR-GUE|1LR-GUE]] engine found on the 2010–2012 [[Lexus LFA]], the [[Toyota UR engine#2UR-GSE|2UR-GSE]] found in [[Lexus ISF]], the [[Toyota S engine|3S-GTE]] engine found on the [[Toyota MR2]] and [[Toyota Celica GT-Four|Toyota Celica GT4/All-Trac]], the [[Toyota ZZ engine#2ZZ|2ZZ-GE]] engine found on the 1999–2006 [[Toyota Celica]] GT-S and [[Lotus Elise]] Series 2, and the Toyota [[Toyota GR engine#4GR-FSE|4GR-FSE]] engine found on the Lexus IS250.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/about/history/products/|title = Products History}}</ref> Yamaha also tunes engines for manufacturers, such as Toyota, so Yamaha logos are on [[Toyota S engine]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.toysport.com/webpages/Techinfo/References/toyota_twin_cam_article.htm |title= Toyota Twin-Cam Evolution |website= Toysport.com |access-date= 2009-07-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090626042012/http://www.toysport.com/webpages/Techinfo/References/toyota_twin_cam_article.htm |archive-date=2009-06-26}}</ref>

Yamaha also tried to produce a supercar in the 1990s, named the [[Yamaha OX99-11]]. It was made as a supercar to have a Yamaha Formula 1 engine as its powerplant and have Formula 1 technology in it. Even though their engines did not win a Grand Prix, by 1991 the team had produced a new engine, the OX99, and approached a German company to design an initial version of the car. Yamaha was not pleased with the result as it was too similar to sport cars of that time, so it contacted [[International Automotive Design|IAD]] to continue working on the project. By the beginning of 1992, just under 12 months after starting to work on the project, IAD came with an initial version of the car. The car's design was undertaken by Takuya Yura, and was originally conceived as a single seater; however, Yamaha requested a two-seater vehicle and a tandem seating arrangement was suggested which was in keeping with Yamaha's motorcycle expertise. This resulted in a radical and somewhat outrageous design based on Group C cars of the time, with features such as the cockpit-locking roof. It also shared the same chassis as the Formula 1 car, to try to give the consumer market a pure Formula 1 experience. Eventually disagreements with IAD over the budget made Yamaha take the project to its own Ypsilon Technology which was given six months to finish the project, otherwise it would be terminated. To make matters worse, Japan was in the midst of an economic downturn, which made Yamaha believe there would be no customers for the car, and so the project was cancelled in 1994 after many delays, with only 3 prototypes in existence.

=== Concept cars ===
Beginning in 2013 Yamaha revealed a series of concept cars developed in collaboration with [[Gordon Murray]] Design utilizing the company's iStream design process. The first concept, named the MOTIV, was revealed at the 43rd [[Tokyo Motor Show]] in 2013. The MOTIV was a compact city car designed to accommodate gasoline engines, EV drivetrains, hybrid systems, and range extenders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Motor |first=Yamaha |title=The 43rd Tokyo Motor Show YAMAHA 2013 |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/event/tokyo-motorshow-2013/models/motiv/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=The 43rd Tokyo Motor Show YAMAHA 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

The second concept, the Sports Ride Concept, was revealed at the 44th Tokyo Motor Show in 2015. The concept was a lightweight two-seat sports car that drew inspiration from the company's motorcycles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sports Ride Concept |url=http://global.yamaha-motor.com/profile/design/concept/sportsride/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD. |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The third concept, the Cross Hub Concept, was revealed at the 45th Tokyo Motor Show in 2017. The Cross Hub was a [[coupé utility]] with a diamond-shaped sitting arrangement to allow it to carry two motorcycles in the bed while retaining compact dimensions for urban use.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CROSS HUB CONCEPT {{!}} Tokyo Motor Show 2017 – Event {{!}} YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD. |url=https://global.yamaha-motor.com/showroom/event/tokyo-motorshow-2017/exhibitionmodels/crosshubconcept/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=YAMAHA MOTOR CO., LTD. |language=en}}</ref> Yamaha confirmed at the 46th Tokyo Motor Show in 2019 that cars were no longer in the company's plans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yamaha axes all car development plans |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motor-shows-tokyo-motor-show/yamaha-axes-all-car-development-plans |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Autocar |language=en}}</ref>{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://global.yamaha-motor.com/}}

{{Yamaha Motor Company}}
{{Yamaha motorcycles}}
{{Automotive industry in Japan}}
{{Major Japanese motorcycle manufacturers}}
{{Japanese bicycle manufacturers}}
{{Automotive industry in Pakistan}}
{{Sports equipment brands}}
{{500cc/MotoGP World Constructors' Champions}}
{{250cc/Moto2 World Constructors' Champions}}
{{125cc/Moto3 World Constructors' Champions}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Yamaha Motor Company| ]]
[[Category:1960s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Boat builders]]
[[Category:Companies based in Shizuoka Prefecture]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Corporate spin-offs]]
[[Category:Cycle manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Defense companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Electric motor manufacturers]]
[[Category:Engine manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Formula One engine manufacturers]]
[[Category:Iwata, Shizuoka]]
[[Category:Japanese companies established in 1955]]
[[Category:Marine engine manufacturers]]
[[Category:Moped manufacturers]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle engine manufacturers]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Motorcycle engine manufacturers]]
[[Category:Motorcycle manufacturers of Japan]]
[[Category:Personal watercraft manufacturers]]
[[Category:Robotics companies of Japan]]
[[Category:Scooter manufacturers]]
[[Category:Snowmobile manufacturers]]
[[Category:Unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1955]]

Indian 200-rupee note

2026-03-06T13:33:52Z

Daljeetbhutal: added info

{{Short description|Denomination of the Indian rupee}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox banknote
| denomination =

Two Hundred rupees
| country = India
| value = {{Indian Rupee}}200 (approximately. ${{To USD round|200|IND}})
| unit =
| width_mm = 146
| height_mm = 66
| security_features =
| paper_type =
| years_of_printing = 25 August 2017– present
| obverse = File:India, 200 INR, 2018, obverse.jpg
| obverse_design = [[Mahatma Gandhi New Series]]
| obverse_designer =
| obverse_design_date = 2017
| reverse = India, 200 INR, 2018, reverse.jpg
| reverse_design = [[Sanchi Stupa]]
| reverse_designer =
| reverse_design_date = 2017
}}
The '''Indian 200-rupee note''' (₹200) is a denomination of the [[Indian rupee]].<Ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rs-200-notes-are-here-but-dont-go-to-atms-for-them-1741944?pfrom=home-topstories|title= 200 Notes Are Here But Don't Go To ATMs For Them|website=Ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Unnikrishnan|first1=Dinesh|title=Rs 200 notes: To kill illegal cash deals, make it the top denomination; scrap 500 and 2,000 bills|url=http://www.firstpost.com/business/rs-200-notes-to-kill-illegal-cash-deals-make-it-the-top-denomination-scrap-500-1000-2000-bills-3858331.html|publisher=Firstpost|date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Gopakumar|first1=Gopika|title=RBI stops printing Rs 2000 notes, focus now on new Rs 200 notes|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/cygPqPW4X5ik9Jzbly3HDK/RBI-stops-printing-Rs-2000-notes-focus-turns-to-new-Rs-200.html|publisher=[[Livemint]]|date=26 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RBI dreads recalibration: Rs 200 notes may only be available at banks, not ATMs|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/rbi-dreads-recalibration-rs-200-notes-may-only-be-available-at-banks-not-atms/story/249563.html|newspaper=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=7 April 2017}}</ref> After the [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]], the new currency notes were announced by the [[Reserve Bank of India]]: ₹2,000, ₹500, ₹200, ₹100, ₹50, ₹20 and ₹10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/why-the-rbi-is-giving-you-the-new-rs-200-note/articleshow/60208422.cms|title=Why the RBI is giving you the new Rs 200 note|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/re-1-note-back-in-business/articleshow/58942898.cms|title=Re-1 note back in business|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In order to determine currency denominations, the Reserve Bank of India follows a variation of the [[Renard series]], called the 1-2-5 series, in which a ‘decade’ or a 1:10 ratio is covered in 3 steps, such as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rbi-all-set-to-release-rs-200-currency-note-today/articleshow/60264077.cms|title=RBI all set to release Rs 200 currency note today|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The Reserve Bank of India described the 200-rupee notes as the missing link in the [[Renard series]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=₹200 banknotes in circulation from today |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/200-banknotes-in-circulation-from-today/article64276567.ece |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=24 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rbi-all-set-to-release-rs-200-currency-note-today/articleshow/60264077.cms|title=RBI all set to release Rs 200 currency note today}}</ref> Besides the Indian Rupee, [[Euro]] and British [[Pound sterling|Pound sterlings]] are two of the most notable currencies that are denominated in the 1-2-5 series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/behind-the-new-rs-200-note-lies-a-story-of-how-currency-denominations-are-determined-2371255.html|title=Behind the new Rs 200 note lies a story of how currency denominations are determined|website=Moneycontrol.com}}</ref> Renard series first proposed by French Army engineer Charles Renard. In March 2017, the decision to introduce ₹200 notes was taken by the [[Reserve Bank of India]] with the consultation of the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jain|first1=Paridhi|title=New Rs 200 notes to be released soon by Reserve Bank of India|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rbi-unveil-rs-200-notes-1022319-2017-07-04|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=4 July 2017}}</ref> The currency is produced by printing units of the government-run [[Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India]] or at printing presses in [[Mysore]] and [[Salboni]], managed by the [[Reserve Bank of India]]-owned [[Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited]], reportedly by [[Times of India]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Das|first1=Saikat|last2=Ray|first2=Atmadip|title=Printing of Rs 200 currency notes begins|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/printing-of-rs-200-currency-notes-begins/articleshow/59358274.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=29 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RBI has started process of printing Rs 200 notes to make daily transactions easier: report|url=http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/rbi-has-started-process-of-printing-rs-200-notes-to-make-daily-transactions-easier/story/255378.html|newspaper=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=29 June 2017}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] (GOI) had examined the introduction of the ₹200 notes that would help citizens transact easily.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/rbi-to-issue-first-ever-200-rupee-note/cid/1502529|title=RBI to issue first-ever 200-rupee note|website=Telegraphindia.com|access-date=22 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/photos/business-gallery/821450/rs-50-rs-200-rs-500-and-rs-2000-notes-images-here-are-the-new-currency-notes-released-by-rbi/|title=Rs 50, Rs 200, Rs 500 and Rs 2000 notes images: Here are the new currency notes released by RBI|date=23 August 2017|website=Financialexpress.com|access-date=22 December 2018}}</ref>
In June 2017, a photograph of a ₹200 banknote went viral on social media platforms like [[Facebook]] and [[WhatsApp]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Image of Rs 200 currency note goes viral on social media; debate rages over fake or real status|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/image-of-rs-200-currency-note-goes-viral-on-social-media-debate-rages-over-fake-or-real-status/617741/|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|date=6 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Is this new Rs 200 note going viral on social media real, or fake?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/economy/060417/is-this-new-rs-200-note-going-viral-on-social-is-real-or-fake.html|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=6 April 2017}}</ref> RBI announced the specifications of the new 200-rupee note in the [[Mahatma Gandhi New Series]], bearing the signature of [[Urjit Patel|Dr. Urjit R. Patel]], Governor of the Reserve Bank of India on 25 August 2017.<ref name=inr200>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/rbi-to-issue-rs-200-note-tomorrow-here-is-how-it-looks/articleshow/60205741.cms|title=RBI to issue Rs 200 note tomorrow. Here is how it looks|date=24 August 2017|access-date=22 December 2018|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=41460|title=RBI Introduces ₹ 200 denomination banknote|website=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=25 August 2017}}</ref>

==Design==
On 25 August 2017, the Reserve Bank of India introduced a new ₹200 banknote in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series.<ref name=inr200/> The new version of the note has a depiction of [[:File:Sanchi_Stupa_from_Eastern_gate,_Madhya_Pradesh.jpg|Sanchi Stupa]] on the reverse, depicting the country’s cultural heritage. The base colour of the note is [[Shades_of_yellow#Bright_yellow_(Crayola)|Bright Yellow]]. The dimensions of the banknote are measured at 146 mm x 66 mm.[9]
Four angular bleed lines and two circles between angular bleed lines at the right corner
H symbol with 200 at right corner above ashoka pillar

==Circulation==
The [[Reserve Bank of India]] announced that new 200-rupee banknotes would be in circulation from 25 August 2017 on the occasion of [[Ganesh Chaturthi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/629665/rs-200-notes-introduced-friday.html|title=Ganesh 2000|newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/rbi-to-issue-rs-200-note-on-friday/articleshow/60205670.cms|title=RBI to issue Rs 200 note on Friday|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Languages==
As like the other [[Indian rupee]] banknotes, the {{INR}}200 banknote has its amount written in 17 languages. On the obverse, the denomination is written in [[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]]. On the reverse is a language panel which displays the denomination of the note in 15 of the 22 [[List of official languages of India|official languages of India]]. The languages are displayed in alphabetical order. Languages included on the panel are [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Kannada]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Malayalam]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Urdu]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+
! colspan="2" |Denominations in [[Languages with official status in India|central level official languages]] (at below either ends)
|-
!Language
! {{INR}}200
|-
|[[English language|English]] || Two hundred rupees
|-
|[[Hindi]] || दो सौ रुपये
|-
! colspan="12" |Denominations in 15 [[Languages with official status in India#Schedule|state level/other official languages]] (as seen on the language panel)
|-
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || {{lang|as|দুশ টকা}}
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || {{lang|bn|দুশ টাকা}}
|-
| [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] || {{lang|gu|બસો રૂપિયા}}
|-
| [[Kannada]] || {{lang|kn|ಎರಡು ನೂರು ರೂಪಾಯಿಗಳು}}
|-
| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] || {{nq|{{lang|ks|زٕ ہَتھ رۄپیہِ}}}}
|-
| [[Konkani language|Konkani]] || {{lang|kok|दोनशें रुपया}}
|-
| [[Malayalam]] || {{lang|ml|ഇരുന്നൂറ് രൂപ}}
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || {{lang|mr|दोनशे रुपये}}
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]] || {{lang|ne|दुई सय रुपियाँ}}
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]] || {{lang|or|ଦୁଇ ଶହ ଟଙ୍କା}}
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || {{lang|pa|ਦੋ ਸੌ ਰੁਪਏ}}
|-
| [[Sanskrit]] || {{lang|sa|द्विशतं रूप्यकाणि}}
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{lang|ta|இருநூறு ரூபாய்}}
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{lang|te|రెండు వందల రూపాయలు}}
|-
| [[Urdu language|Urdu]] || {{nq|{{lang|ur|دو سو روپیے}}}}
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Money|Numismatics}}
* [[Indian 2000-rupee note]]
* [[Indian 500-rupee note]]
* [[2016 Indian banknote demonetisation]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Indian currency}}

[[Category:Banknotes of India]]
[[Category:Rupee]]
[[Category:Two-hundred-base-unit banknotes]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Currencies introduced in 2017]]

Palaivana Solai (2009 film)

2026-03-03T04:22:20Z

Daljeetbhutal: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Palaivana Solai (2009).jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = R. S. Dayalan
| screenplay = R. S. Dayalan
| story = [[S. Rajasekar]]
| starring = [[Nithin Sathya]] [[Abhinay]] [[Sanjeev (Tamil actor, born 1975)|V. Sanjeev]] [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] [[Chaams]] [[Karthika Mathew]]
| cinematography = S. Murthy
| music = E. K. Bobby
| studio = Maruthi Films
| released = {{Film date|2009|11|7|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
}}
'''''Palaivana Solai''''' ({{translation|Oasis}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Buddy film|buddy]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by R. S. Dayalan, starring [[Nithin Sathya]], [[Abhinay]], [[Sanjeev Venkat|V. Sanjeev]], [[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]], [[Chaams]] and [[Karthika Mathew]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Released in 2009 |url=http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?release=release2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309184829/http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?release=release2009 |archive-date=9 March 2012 |access-date=17 November 2009 |website=tamilnaduentertainment.com}}</ref> It is a remake of the 1981 Tamil film of the [[Palaivana Solai (1981 film)|same name]]. The film failed to replicate the success of the original film.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=February 2025}}
Ramana, Yuvan, Aadhi, Prabhu and Iniyan are friends in a locality. Yuvan is a spoilt-brat and is the son of a rich entrepreneur. Ramana is a caring brother who is determined to work hard and get his sisters married. Iniyan is a struggling lawyer and Aadhi wants to make it big in cinema. Prabhu is a happy-go-lucky youth, who runs an [[auto rickshaw]]. Their life takes a turn when Priya arrives in their locality. Priya gets acquainted with them. She helps them overcome their inferiority complex and succeed in their careers. Meanwhile, Aadhi develops romance with her. But the friends suffer a shock when they come to know that Priya is on the brink of death and is affected by heart problems.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Nithin Sathya]] as Prabhu
*[[Abhinay]] as Yuvan
*[[Sanjeev Venkat]] as Ramana
*[[Sathyan (Tamil actor)|Sathyan]] as Aadhi
*[[Chaams]] as Iniyan
*[[Karthika Mathew]] as Priya
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as J. K. Raghavachari
*[[Manobala]] as Director
*[[Anu Mohan (Tamil actor)|Anu Mohan]] as Aadhi's father
*[[Vasu Vikram]] as Moneylender
*[[K. Rajan (producer)|K. Rajan]] as Yuvan's father
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]] as Priest
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by E. K. Bobby and lyrics were by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paalaivana Cholai (2009) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/paalaivana-cholai-songs-T0002005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521113715/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/paalaivana-cholai-songs-T0002005 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The audio was released on 26 August 2009 at Kamala Theatre. The songs "Megame Megame" and "Aalana Aalu" from the 1981 film were recreated for this version.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=Palaivana Cholai Audio and Trailer launched |url=http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php?newsid=1706 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227063726/http://www.ayngaran.com/frame.php?iframepath=newsdetails.php%3Fnewsid%3D1706 |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=[[Ayngaran International]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Pournami
| length1 =
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
| title2 = Engal Kadhai
| length2 =
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| title3 = Aalanalum
| length3 =
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title4 = Megame
| length4 =
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| title5 = Happy New
| length5 =
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = [[Benny Dayal]]
| title6 = Chikkan
| length6 =
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote "It is well presented but the film still falls short of expectations. In an era of short texts and fast communication, it is a bit out of synch."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravi |first=Bhama Devi |date=8 November 2009 |title=Palaivana Cholai Movie Review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Palaivana-Cholai/movie-review/5218881.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519102810/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Palaivana-Cholai/movie-review/5218881.cms |archive-date=19 May 2017 |access-date=4 April 2016 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''[[Sify]]'' wrote that the film "just does not work as the basic concept and script is ancient and irrelevant today. It does not gel with the ideas and aspirations of today’s youths".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palaivanacholai |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14918519&ctid=5&cid=2429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217205400/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/review.php?id=14918519&ctid=5&cid=2429 |archive-date=17 February 2010 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "At one end of the spectrum is a dignified story of romance, geniality, ecstasy and agony and, at the other, you find decibel-defying music, ear-stinging beats, predictable footwork and bizarre pelvic thrusts".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=13 November 2009 |title=Class-crass combo |url=https://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/13/stories/2009111350070300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102171407/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/11/13/stories/2009111350070300.htm |archive-date=2 January 2011 |access-date=20 February 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

[[Category:2000s buddy drama films]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian buddy drama films]]
[[Category:Remakes of Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Lakhandur taluka

2026-01-25T04:31:14Z

Daljeetbhutal: made first data w/ sources

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhandur Taluka
| settlement_type = [[Taluka]]
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_caption = Location in [[Bhandara district]] [[Maharashtra|(MH)]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhandara district]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Lakhandur]] Town
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| population_total = 1,23,573
| population_as_of =2011
| population_urban = 9231
|population_rural = 1,14,342
| population_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 424.75
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy rate]]
| demographics1_info1 = 78.76
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 992
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Lakhandur Taluka''' is a [[Taluka]] in Sakoli subdivision of [[Bhandara district]] in [[Maharashtra]] State of [[India]].<ref>[https://www.censusindia2011.com/maharashtra/bhandara/lakhandur-population.html Lakhandur Taluka Population, Caste, Religion Data – Bhandara district, Maharashtra].</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per Indian government census of 2011, the population was 123573.<ref name="2011cen"/>

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |56971
| style="text-align:right;" |56364
| style="text-align:right;" |113335
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |80.279
| style="text-align:right;" |0.583
| style="text-align:right;" |0.084
| style="text-align:right;" |0.056
| style="text-align:right;" |18.323
| style="text-align:right;" |0.045
| style="text-align:right;" |0.618
| style="text-align:right;" |0.013
|-
|2011<ref name="2011cen">[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |62024
| style="text-align:right;" |61549
| style="text-align:right;" |123573
| style="text-align:right;" |0.090
| style="text-align:right;" |81.010
| style="text-align:right;" |0.764
| style="text-align:right;" |0.122
| style="text-align:right;" |0.079
| style="text-align:right;" |17.277
| style="text-align:right;" |0.049
| style="text-align:right;" |0.596
| style="text-align:right;" |0.103
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.80279,0.8101
| y2=0.00583,0.00764
| y3=0.00084,0.00122
| y4=0.00056,0.00079
| y5=0.18323,0.17277
| y6=0.00045,0.00049
| y7=0.00618,0.00596
| y8=0.00013,0.00103
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.80279,0.8101
| y2=0.00583,0.00764
| y3=0.00084,0.00122
| y4=0.00056,0.00079
| y5=0.18323,0.17277
| y6=0.00045,0.00049
| y7=0.00618,0.00596
| y8=0.00013,0.00103
}}
==Geographic Boundaries==
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Lakhandur Taluka
|North = [[Lakhani Taluka]]
|Northeast = [[Sakoli Taluka]]
|East = [[Arjuni-Morgaon taluka]], [[Gondia district]]
|Southeast = [[Desaiganj (Wadsa) Taluka]], [[Gadchiroli district]]
|South = [[Brahmapuri Taluka]], [[Chandrapur district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Pauni Taluka]]
|Northwest =
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bhandara district]]

{{Bhandara-geo-stub}}

Gondeshwar Temple, Sinnar

2026-01-24T03:43:27Z

Daljeetbhutal: quick fix

{{short description|11th-12th century Shiva temple}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Gondeshwar Temple
|image = Gondeshwar temple.jpg
|map_type = India
|coordinates = {{coord|19.8514|N|74.0019|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location in India
|map_size = 250
|native_name = {{Script|Marathi|गोंदेश्वर}}
|country = [[India]]
|state = [[Maharashtra]]
|district = [[Nashik district|Nashik]]
|locale = [[Sinnar]]
|deity = [[Shiva]]
|established = 11th century
|governing_body = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI)
|materials=[[Basalt]]|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|festival=[[Maha Shivratri]]|architecture_style=[[Bhumija]]}}
The '''Gondeshwar Temple''' ([[IAST]]: '''Gondeśvara''') is an 11th-12th century [[Hindu temple]] located in [[Sinnar]], a town in the [[Nashik district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India. It features a [[panchayatana (temple)|panchayatana]] plan; with a main shrine dedicated to [[Shiva]]; and four subsidiary shrines dedicated to [[Surya]], [[Vishnu]], [[Parvati]], and [[Ganesha]].

== History ==

The Gondeshwar temple was built during the rule of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty]], and is variously dated to either the 11th{{sfn|Takeo Kamiya|2003|p=382}} or the 12th century.{{sfn|Cyril M. Harris|2013|p=806}} Sinnar was a stronghold of the dynasty during their pre-imperial period, and modern historians identify it with Seunapura, a town established by the Yadava king Seuna-chandra.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1970|p=13}} According to local tradition, the town of Sinnar was established by the Gavali (that is, Yadava) chief Rav Singhuni, and the Gondeshvara temple was commissioned by his son Rav Govinda, at a cost of 200,000 rupees. According to another suggestion, the temple - also known as Govindeshvara ([[IAST]]: Govindeśvara) - was built by the Yadava feudatory Govinda-raja, but no historical evidence supports this suggestion.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=9}}

== Architecture ==

The Gondeshwar temple is built in the [[Bhumija]] style,{{sfn|Krishna Deva|1995|p=180}} in form of a [[Panchayatana (temple)|panchayatana]] complex, which features a main shrine surrounded by four subsidiary shrines.{{sfn|Takeo Kamiya|2003|p=382}} The temple is situated on a rectangular platform that measures 125 x 95 feet.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1970|p=345}} The plan of the temple is very similar to that of the [[Shiv Mandir, Ambarnath|Ambarnath Shiva temple]], but the sculptures on its exterior walls are of inferior quality than those of the Ambarnath temple.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1970|p=345}} The temple complex was originally surrounded by a wall, which is now mostly destroyed.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=9}} Udayesvara Temple also known as Neelkantheshwara temple in [[Udaipur, Madhya Pradesh]] also shares a similar design.

The main shrine is dedicated to [[Shiva]], and contains a large [[lingam|linga]].{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=9}} The shrine and the [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] pavilion facing it are located on an elevated plinth.{{sfn|George Michell|Philip H. Davies|1989|p=394}} The [[mandapa]] (pavilion), which has porches on three sides, acts as the entrance to the temple.{{sfn|Takeo Kamiya|2003|p=382}} The shrine has a [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]]-style [[shikhara]] (tower),{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=11}} whose [[finial]] is no longer preserved.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=9}} The walls of the temple depict scenes from the ancient epic ''[[Ramayana]]''.{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=24}}

The subsidiary shrines are dedicated to [[Surya]], [[Vishnu]], [[Parvati]], and [[Ganesha]]: all of them have a porch.{{sfn|Takeo Kamiya|2003|p=382}} They are rectangular in plan, and include a mandapa, an [[antarala]] (vestibule), and the [[garbhagriha]] (sanctum).{{sfn|Onkar Prasad Verma|1973|p=9}}

<gallery mode="packed">
KITLV 88234 - Unknown - Gondeshvara temple at Sinnar in British India - 1897.tif | The temple in 1897
Gondeshwar Temple - Sinnar, Maharashtra, India.jpg | In 2017, with the finial lost
Gondeshwar temple Sinnar, Nashik temple cross section and plan.jpg | Cross section and plan
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Cyril M. Harris |title=Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kp_DAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT806 |year=2013 |publisher=Courier |isbn=978-0-486-13211-2 |page=806 }}
* {{cite book |editor1=George Michell |editor2=Philip H. Davies |title=The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India |volume=1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eqtNAAAAYAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9780140081442 }}
* {{cite book |author=Krishna Deva |title=Temples of India: Text |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=StnVAAAAMAAJ |year=1995 |publisher=Aryan Books International |isbn=978-81-7305-052-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Onkar Prasad Verma |title=The Yādavas and Their Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8ABAAAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal }}
* {{cite book |author=Onkar Prasad Verma |title=A survey of Hemadpanti temples in Maharashtra |series=Temples of the Vidarbha Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JEA9AAAAMAAJ |year=1973 |publisher=Nagpur University |oclc=1324273 }}
* {{cite book |author=Takeo Kamiya |translator=Annabel Lopez and Bevinda Collaco |title=The Guide to the Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |chapter=Sinnar: Gondeshwara temple |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChVQAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Architecture Autonomous |isbn=978-4-88706-141-5 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Hindu temples in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Nashik district]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Maharashtra]]

Surinder Kumar (politician)

2026-01-05T13:21:53Z

Daljeetbhutal: added...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Distinguish|Surinder Kumar Choudhary}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Marh Assembly constituency|Marh]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Sukh Nandan Kumar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Surinder Kumar''' (born 1982) is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]] from [[Marh Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Caste community in [[Jammu district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Marh, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Surinder Kumar with 42563 defeats INC's Mula Ram |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/marh-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612958-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Marh Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/marh-election-result-2024-live-update-9077465.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kumar is from Marh, Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir. He is the son of Dayal Chand. He passed Class 8 at Government High School, Gajansoo in 1999 and later discontinued his studies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surinder Kumar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MARH (SC)(JAMMU) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/JammuKashmir2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=926 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumar won from [[Marh Assembly constituency]] representing Bharatiya Janata Party in the [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 42,563 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Mula Ram of [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 23,086 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-08 |title=Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election 2024 results in charts |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly/jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-2024-results-infograaphics/article68731248.ece |access-date=2024-10-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Surinder}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Jammu]]

{{JammuKashmir-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kishore Bharati Krirangan

2026-01-02T02:40:13Z

Daljeetbhutal: fixes

{{Short description|Football stadium in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{infobox venue
| name = Kishore Bharati Stadium কিশোর ভারতী ক্রীড়াঙ্গন
| logo_image =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| location = [[Santoshpur, Kolkata]], [[Kolkata]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.4942|88.3945|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=it}}
| opened = 2024 (renovated)
| public_transit = {{rint|kolkata|ewm}} [[Jyotirindra Nath Nandi metro station|Jyotirindra Nath Nandi]]
| owner = [[Department of Public Works (West Bengal)]]
| operator = [[Indian Football Association]]
| surface = [[Grass]]
| dimensions =
| architect =
| structural_engineer =
| services_engineer =
| main_contractors =
| construction_cost =
| former_names =
| capacity = 12,000<ref name=indiasta>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml|title=Stadiums in India|work=worldstadiums.com|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=24 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924095432/http://www.worldstadiums.com/asia/countries/india.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
| suites =
| tenants = [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]] [[Calcutta Football League]]
| nickname = Mukundapur Stadium মুকুন্দপুর স্টেডিয়াম
}}

'''Kishore Bharati Krirangan''' (commonly known as '''Mukundapur Stadium''') is a [[multi-purpose stadium]] in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Amitabha Das|title=Durand Cup 2022: More teams, multi-city format|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2022-teams-groups-format-multi-city/article65659310.ece|access-date=20 July 2022|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|agency=[[Sportstar]]|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 July 2022|archive-date=20 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720060106/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/durand-cup-2022-teams-groups-format-multi-city/article65659310.ece|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=In the last matchday of the I-League season, teams compete for improved Super Cup qualifying ranking|url=https://footballexpress.in/in-the-last-matchday-of-the-i-league-season-teams-compete-for-improved-super-cup-qualifying-ranking/|first=Veronica|last=Tarafdar|website=footballexpress.in|publisher=Football Express India|date=30 March 2023|access-date=13 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407041622/https://footballexpress.in/in-the-last-matchday-of-the-i-league-season-teams-compete-for-improved-super-cup-qualifying-ranking/|archive-date=7 April 2023}}</ref> used mainly for [[Association football|football]] matches. The capacity of the stadium is 12,000 and the size of the sports complex is 13 acres. The stadium plays host to [[Mohammedan SC (Kolkata)|Mohammedan SC]]'s non-derby [[Indian Super League]] matches and lower division Calcutta Football League matches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammedan SC Venue |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/1109-mohammedan-sc-profile/venue |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref> It has occasionally hosted [[Calcutta Football League|Calcutta Premier Division]] matches.<ref name=indiasta /><ref name="Football stadium without a goal">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110628/jsp/calcutta/story_14152943.jsp|title=Football stadium without a goal|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|date=2009-06-28|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109143714/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110628/jsp/calcutta/story_14152943.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sports meet]]s of different schools are also held here.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050201/asp/calcutta/story_4319885.asp|title=Solemn salute to student saviours|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|access-date=2013-07-11|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109140700/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050201/asp/calcutta/story_4319885.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Maliaizawl.jpg|thumb|An ongoing I-League match between Rajasthan United and [[Aizawl FC|Aizawl]] at the Kishore Bharati Krirangan in March 2022]]
Kishore Bharati Stadium was reopened on 7 February 2021 after a brief renovation by the [[Government of West Bengal]]. Chief minister [[Mamata Banerjee]] inaugurated it ahead of the [[2020–21 I-League]]. The stadium hosted its first domestic league match between [[Gokulam Kerala FC]] and [[Real Kashmir FC|Real Kashmir]] on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/west-bengal-chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-kishore-bharati-stadium-dgtl/cid/1265586|title=দর্শকদের জন্য খুলে গেল স্টেডিয়াম, উদ্বোধন করলেন মুখ্যমন্ত্রী মমতা বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়|website=Anandabazarpatrika.com|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=15 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215220308/https://www.anandabazar.com/sports/west-bengal-chief-minister-mamata-banerjee-inaugurates-kishore-bharati-stadium-dgtl/cid/1265586|url-status=live}}</ref>

A few years ago the stadium was used as the home ground of [[Tollygunge Agragami]] for [[Calcutta Football League]] matches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amraikhabor.com/news/kishore-bharati-stadium-is-going-to-be-inaugurated-in-the-i-league-match-27002|title=আই লিগের ম্যাচে উদ্বোধন হতে চলেছে কিশোর ভারতী ক্রীড়াঙ্গনের|website=amraikhabor.com|access-date=15 February 2021}}</ref>

==Location==
The stadium is located beside [[E.M. Bypass]] in the [[Survey Park]] area (Purba Diganta) of [[Santoshpur, Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://soccernetindia.net/stadium_brief.php?stnm=Kishore%20Bharati%20Krirangan,%20Kolkata&stdtl=std_kishorebharati.inc|title=Kishore Bharati Krirangan, Kolkata|work=soccernetindia.net|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424050535/http://www.soccernetindia.net/stadium_brief.php?stnm=Kishore%20Bharati%20Krirangan,%20Kolkata&stdtl=std_kishorebharati.inc|archive-date=24 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Facilities==

The stadium is equipped with several facilities, a [[La Liga]] football academy, and can be used for [[Association football|football]] and athletic events.

A modern underground drainage system is present in the stadium. It has practice grounds for cricket and football. There is a 100-seater dormitory accommodation facility present below the galleries. It has facilities to host seminars, conferences and meetings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kishore-Bharti-Krirangan-45824.htm|title=Kishore Bharti Krirangan|work=india9.com|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=13 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613094908/https://www.india9.com/i9show/Kishore-Bharti-Krirangan-45824.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> A swimming pool complex is present beside the stadium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090428/jsp/calcutta/story_10886979.jsp|title=Lessons on saving lives|work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|date=2009-04-28|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=9 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109143710/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090428/jsp/calcutta/story_10886979.jsp|url-status=dead}}</ref> A martial arts training centre also operates on the premises.<ref name="Football stadium without a goal"/>

== See also ==

* [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
* [[Barasat Stadium]]
* [[Kalyani Stadium]]
*[[Rabindra Sarobar Stadium]]
*[[Eden Gardens]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football stadiums in India}}{{I-League venues}}{{Kolkata topics|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Sports venues in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Football venues in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Event venues with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Tollygunge Agragami FC]]

{{India-sports-venue-stub}}

State Highway 38 (Madhya Pradesh)

2025-12-11T01:56:17Z

Daljeetbhutal: Adding new article basic info

{{Short description|State highway in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| state = Madhya Pradesh
| type = SH
| route = 38
| maint = [[Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited|MPRDC]]
| length_km =
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = Mangod
| junction = [[Manawar]], [[Dharampuri]], [[Khalghat]], [[Dhamnod]], [[Mandleshwar]], [[Maheshwar]]
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = [[Barwaha]]
}}

'''Madhya Pradesh State Highway 38''' ('''MP SH 38''')<ref>{{cite web |title=Map of Road |url=http://mprdc.gov.in/map.pdf |website=mprdc.gov.in |publisher=MPRDC |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> is a State Highway running from Mangod village in [[Dhar district]] lying on [[National Highway 47 (India)|NH-47]] till [[Barwaha]] city on [[Madhya Pradesh State Highway 27|MP SH-27]].

It passes through [[Manawar]], [[Dharampuri]], [[Khalghat]], [[Dhamnod]], [[Mandleshwar]] and [[Maheshwar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=STATE HIGHWAY 38 (SH38) MADHYA PRADESH |url=https://roadnow.in/e/state-highway-38-SH38-Madhya+Pradesh |website=roadnow.in |access-date=6 December 2021 |language=English}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of state highways in Madhya Pradesh]]
*[[Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:State highways in Madhya Pradesh]]

Miji people

2025-11-16T13:35:16Z

Daljeetbhutal: made new article from scratch - done

{{Short description|Ethnic group of Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{More footnotes|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Sajolang (Miji)
| image = A young Miji man from West Kameng.jpg
| image_caption = A young Miji man
| population = 37000 (approx.)
| popplace = [[West Kameng]], [[East Kameng]] & [[Kurung Kumey]] districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in India and [[Longzi County]], [[Shannan Prefecture]] in China
| languages = [[Sajolang language|Miji]], [[Bengru]], [[Sajolang language|Sajolang, Damai]]
| religions = [[Christianity]], [[Animism]], [[Shamanism]]
| related_groups = [[Abotani]], [[Tani people]]
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Miji''', (or '''Sajolang)''' are a social group of Arunachal Pradesh, India. They are located in various districts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] including the [[West Kameng]], [[East Kameng]] and [[Kurung Kumey district|Kurung Kumey]]. Their population of 37,000 are found near the lower parts of the sub-Himalayan hills bordering [[Assam]]; they speak the [[Sajalong language]].

==Dress==
[[File:A young Miji girl.jpg|thumb|A young Miji girl from [[East Kameng]]]]
[[File: Miji_women.jpg|thumb|Miji women]]
The traditional costume of Miji women consists of an ankle-length white garment with a beautifully decorated red jacket. Unlike the majority of other tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India; the Miji people wear silver ornaments, and glass/brass based necklaces.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Oppi Untracht |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1ZQAAAAMAAJ |title=Traditional Jewelry of India |publisher=Harry N. Abrams, Inc. |year=1997 |isbn=0-8109-3886-3 |page=139}}</ref> Indigenous cosmetics are made from [[pine resin]] and coal ( specially during marriage ceremonies).

==Religion==
[[File:A sacrificial alter of the Bangru tribe.jpg|thumb|A sacrificial altar of the [[Bengru]] tribe]]
Most Miji are adherents of [[Animism]], although a few have adopted Christianity. The Mijis practise a distinct religion which rely entirely on nature and god ( nature- being the replica of god. The supreme deity worshipped is Zhanglhang-Miungzhin; Mijis believe that god prevail in every aspects of nature, such as trees, water tributaries and even stones.
Chindang, marked every 15 October, is considered the main festival of the Mijis, inhabiting the Lada circle of the East Kameng district, Sarli region of the Kurung Kumey district and Nafra and Bomdila Sub-Division of the West Kameng district with a few of them also found in the Assam-Arunachal border towns of Sessa and Bhalukpong who settled down there some time ago because of better access to facilities. Culturally and linguistically, the Miji and Hrusso Akas form a cognate group. Their ancestors are called Bor(Robo), or the brother of Tanis, like the Nyishis, Apatanis, Tagins, Galos and the Adis which share common features but are also distinct in themselves. Robo being the elder brother and Nyibo (tani) being younger are actual brothers, who belonged to same father.

There is some Buddhist influence as a result of long-standing cultural contacts with Buddhist tribes to the west, and the celebration of [[Losar]] as well as the usage of [[prayer flags]] are some indicators of this.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Tanka Bahadur Subba, G. C. Ghosh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DHCGN-Xu7YIC |title=The Anthropology of North-East India: A Textbook |publisher=Orient Longman |year=2003 |isbn=81-250-2335-6 |page=289}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* DHAR Bibhash - Planning for tribal development : A study of Miji—Extr. de : Sequences in development in North East India (a study of tradition, continuity and change) / J.B. Bhattacharjee (Ed.), New Delhi : Omsons Publ., 1989, p. 120-123.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060527084538/http://www.future.org/pages/03_country_programs/2_india/013_arunachal_in_depth.html FutureGenerations, India, Arunachal Pradesh, In Depth]

==External links==
* [http://siris-archives.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=new&menu=search&aspect=power&npp=10&ipp=20&profile=all&ri=&index=.GW&term=Miji+http+image&oper=and&aspect=power&index=.AW&term=&oper=and&index=.SW&term=&oper=and&index=.TW&term=&limit=LO01+%3D+naa&sort=3100014&x=12&y=9#focus Old photos of the Miji tribe]
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sjl Ethnologue profile]

{{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Ethnic groups in Nepal}}
{{Darjeeling}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Donyi-Polo communities]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Nepal]]

Ethnic communities in Kanpur

2025-10-29T20:14:16Z

Daljeetbhutal:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
[[Kanpur]], India, is the most [[cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan]] city in the state of Uttar Pradesh with vast number of ethnic groups and races.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VVxlfDHGTFYC&q=Kanpur+cosmopolitan&pg=PA399 | title=India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic| isbn=9780313374630| last1=Kaminsky| first1=Arnold P.| last2=Roger| first2=D. Long PH.D.| date=23 September 2011| publisher=Abc-Clio}}</ref> The city is mostly occupied by people from [[Uttar Pradesh]]. However, beside from Uttar Pradesh there are also people from other states and countries like-[[Punjabis]], Irish, [[Bengalis]], [[South Indians]], [[Anglo Indian]], [[Gujaratis]], [[Iraqi biradri|Iraqis]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]], [[Roma People|Gypsies]], [[Parsis]] etc.

==Bengalis==
The Bengali diaspora communities in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]] are mostly composed of [[Brahmins]] and some other upper castes of [[Brahminical Hinduism]]. Most of these moved to these places in the colonial period, starting as [[sepoys]] in the early nineteenth century and continuing as petty clerks in the administration, teachers and later, doctors, lawyers and officers in companies and businesses. Most of this stemmed from the "early adopter" advantage that the forward caste Bengalis had when it came to adopting Western education.

A big reason for Bengalis migrating to Kanpur is the fact that Bengal was the '''first Indian province''' that came under [[British rule]] and large swathes of Northern and Eastern India continued to be ruled from [[Calcutta]] for a long time. The cities of [[Benares|Varanasi]] and [[Allahabad|Prayagraj]] too were in the British empire since the early nineteenth century, and the cities of [[Agra]], Kanpur and [[Lucknow]] were added in 1836 to form the "North-Western Provinces". There is huge population of Bengalis in Bengali Mohal and Golaghat. [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], a popular singer of Bengali origin belongs to Kanpur.

==Punjabis==
[[File:PoonamDhillon04.jpg|right|thumb|Poonam Dhillon belongs to Punjabi family of the city]]
There was presence of Punjabis in Kanpur before independence. Majority of them indulged in industrial and trade activities. After 1947, thousands of [[Hindu]] and [[Sikh]] refugees arrived at Kanpur from [[Pakistan]]. Govind Nagar, Gumti No. 5 and Harjinder Nagar are important Sikh localities in the city. After [[1984 anti-Sikh riots]], many [[Sikhs]] fled to [[Punjab]] and Delhi thus decreasing the population of [[Punjabis]]. [[Hindu]] Punjabi khatris are concentrated mainly all around the city with heavy population in Krishna Nagar and Shyam Nagar in the eastern part of city. Some [[Muslim Punjabi]] communities like [[Bisati]] and [[Punjabi Saudagaran-e-Delhi|Shamsi]] are also found in the city who are engage in the leather trade among other trades. The Punjabi Mahapanchayat was formed in the city in 2008 to protect and safeguard the rights of Punjabis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oneindia.com/2008/10/23/punjabi-mahapanchayat-set-up-in-kanpur-1224760138.html|title = Punjabi Mahapanchayat set up in Kanpur|date = 23 October 2008}}</ref> [[Prem Kumar Sahgal]], member of [[Azad Hind Fauj]] was resident of Kanpur. [[Hard Kaur]], a popular Hindi and English rap singer of Punjabi origin belongs to Kanpur. Actresses like [[Poonam Dhillon]] and [[Kritika Kamra]] also belong to the city.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Kritika-Kamra-Kanpur-feels-like-home/articleshow/50044699.cms|title = Kritika Kamra: Kanpur feels like home – Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=5 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/others/Bwood-bonanza-for-Kanpur/articleshow/5014991.cms|title=B'wood bonanza for Kanpur – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 September 2009 }}</ref>

==Irish==

Many Irish were employed as clergymen and [[sepoys]] in [[British East India Company]]. Some of whom also died in various [[massacre]]s against British in India which included targeted attacks to [[white men]]. Today Irish people are negligible in population and live in various localities of the city. [[Hugh Wheeler (East India Company officer)|Hugh Wheeler]] who was general in British Army belonged to [[Anglo-Irish]] background. He died in the city during the massacre at [[Massacre Ghat]]. His descendants are still believed to be living in the city.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ygBDgAAQBAJ&q=Irish+Kanpur&pg=PT174 |title = Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Documents of the Indian Uprising|isbn = 9789385985744|last1 = Bates|first1 = Crispin|last2 = Carter|first2 = Marina|date = 2 January 2017| publisher=SAGE Publications India }}</ref>

==Romanis==

Romanis started migrating to Kanpur from [[Rajasthan]] villages due to scarcity of water there. A group of romanis along with 6,000 sheep, 100 camels and 20 dogs settled in Sirhi Itara village which is in close proximity from the city.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/For-gypsies-movement-is-life-/articleshow/12900716.cms | title=For gypsies, movement is life | newspaper=The Times of India | date=15 May 2002 }}</ref>

==Gujaratis==

There are more than 250 Gujarati families with population roughly equal to around 3000. The Gujarati Samaj is the oldest and apex body of the community in the city. It was established 115 years back when Magan Lal Savla came to the city and set up his own business. The Savla family migrated about 10 decades ago and since has well established business in the city. Gujarat Bhawan situated at Nayaganj hold their important cultural and religious events every year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Gujaratis-in-city-celebrate-Navratri-with-traditional-spirit/articleshow/43969662.cms|title=Gujaratis in city celebrate 'Navratri' with traditional spirit | Kanpur News – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=October 2014 }}</ref>

==Portuguese==

In late 18th century there was a large population of Portuguese people in the city which included traders and businessmen. When the city was captured by [[British Raj|British forces]] most of the Portuguese left the city. The old [[Portuguese Cemetery, Kanpur|Portuguese graveyard]] or Kutchery Cemetery is situated at [[VIP Road, Kanpur|VIP Road]] where [[Archaeological Survey of India]]'s office is present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/amit/bicycling/1103mar_kanpur-history/|title = Kanpur history tour (Bumpy trails bicycling)}}</ref> At present there is small population of Portuguese scattered across the city. [[Allan de Noronha]], president of All India Catholic Union is from the city and resides in the city. Brian Silas, a popular piano player and musician belongs to Kanpur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://briansilas.com/biography|title = Brian Silas, Biography, Khayyam instrumental, Salil Choudhary instrumental, O.P. Nayyar instrumental, S.D. Burman instrumental, Laxmi Kant Pyare Lal instrumental, Ravi instrumental, Madan Mohan instrumental}}</ref>

==Marathis==
[[File:Peshwa of Kanpur.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A portrait of [[Nana Sahib]] at the ''Peshwa Memorial'' atop [[Parvati Hill]] in [[Pune]], India]]
Kanpur is home to more than 2000 [[Marathi people|Marathi]] families.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Industrial-City-welcomes-Lord-Ganesha-with-festive-fervour/articleshow/16472990.cms|title = Industrial City welcomes Hindu god Ganesha with festive fervour | Kanpur News – Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=20 September 2012 }}</ref> The approximate Marathi population in the city is around 20,000. The reason of the vast population of Marathis is because of the presence of [[Nana Sahib]], a Maratha freedom fighter who resided at [[Bithoor]] (about 25 km from Kanpur). Every year, the Marathi people celebrate [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], which is also celebrated with among the local [[Hindu]] population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://videos.oneindia.com/national-news/muslims-participate-in-ganesh-chaturthi-celebrations-with-great-enthusiasm-in-kanpur-97797.html|title = National News Videos – India Videos – Oneindia}}</ref> Maharashtra Bhawan, situated at Khalasi Lines, is an important Marathi cultural centre in the city. The building was vandalised in the year 2009 by angry [[Bihari people|Bihari]] mobs who were protesting the persecution of [[Biharis]] in Maharashtra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/maharashtra-building-attacked-in-kanpur/375940/|title = Maharashtra Building attacked in Kanpur – Indian Express}}</ref> [[Veena Sahasrabuddhe]], a noted [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani Classical]] vocalist was born in Kanpur in 1948.

==Parsis==
Once a strong community with population above 800, at present there are 35 Parsis in Kanpur with their Fire Temple at [[The Mall, Kanpur|The Mall]]. Most of the Parsis belong to Javeri family who came to the city as industrialists before independence.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zoroastrians.net/2014/02/05/appeal-cawnpore-parsee-anjuman-kanpur/|title=Appeal – Cawnpore Parsee Anjuman, Kanpur – Parsis, Iranis, Zarathushtis – ALL Under One Roof|work=Parsis, Iranis, Zarathushtis – ALL Under One Roof|date=5 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/UPs-only-fire-temple-exists-in-city/articleshow/232001.cms|title=UP's only fire temple exists in city|work=The Times of India|date=14 October 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parsisinjhansi.com.au/Parsis.html |title=Parsis Page |website=www.parsisinjhansi.com.au |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913074224/http://www.parsisinjhansi.com.au/Parsis.html |archive-date=2009-09-13}}</ref>

==South Indians==
There is a small population of southern Indians who have settled permanently in Kanpur and are spread throughout the city. Southern Indians in Kanpur mostly belong to the [[Malayali]] and [[Tamils|Tamil]] ethnic/linguistic group and are mostly Hindu while a large segment are also Christian. They migrated to the city mainly for jobs opportunities and educational purposes. [[Lakshmi Swaminathan]], freedom fighter and member of [[Azad Hind Fauj]] was of Malayali decent settled in the city.

==Sindhis==
In 1951 there were 9000 Sindhi people of [[Pakistani]] ancestry in Kanpur.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFVNAAAAYAAJ&q=Anglo+Indian+population+Kanpur |title = Census of India, 1951|last1 = Census Commissioner|first1 = India|year = 1953}}</ref> Today there are about 1.5 lakh people of the Sindhi community in the city most of them merchants and businessman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Sindhi-community-to-boycott-Joshi-in-Kanpur/articleshow/34170120.cms|title=Sindhi community to boycott Joshi in Kanpur – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=25 April 2014 }}</ref> They migrated to the city during partition in 1947. There is large community of them in Sindhi Colony in Shastri Nagar locality of the city. Laxman Das Rupani, owner of Rupani Footwear and a prominent industrialist and social worker of the city belongs to Sindhi family.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/news/Sindhi-community-to-boycott-Joshi-in-Kanpur/articleshow/34170120.cms|title=Sindhi community to boycott Joshi in Kanpur|work=The Times of India|date=25 April 2014 }}</ref>

==Iraqis==
[[Iraqi biradri]] is a community of Sunni [[Muslims]] from eastern Uttar Pradesh where the community has a historic Iraqi origin, believed to have come to Ghazipur, India, in the 14th century from Iraq.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nevill |editor1-first=H. R. |title=Ghazipur: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXIX of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh |date=1909 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.2954 |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|157, 158}}
<ref>Ballia – A Gazetteer (1907) by Nevill, H.R.
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.47988/page/n91</ref><ref>Iraqis, Trade under ‘Gorakhpur’ by North-Western Provinces (India)1874 Allahabad {{cite web|title=Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western Provinces of India| year=1874| pages=512–13|url=https://archive.org/details/statisticaldesc01unkngoog/page/n252}}</ref> Some members moved to the city earlier in the colonial times. As time progressed they have majority population in [[Jajmau]] area of the city where leather [[tanneries]] are concentrated in large amount. Presently the population in Kanpur is estimated to be above 30 thousand or so. Most of the community members speak Urdu, and Bhojpuri and maintain a strong affiliation with their eastern UP roots with many still having ancestral houses in the Bhojpuri belt of UP.
About 80% of the tanneries are owned by members of the Iraqi Biradri who are possibly responsible provide employment to over 250,000 people. An Iraqi Biradri Market in [[Becon Ganj|Baconganj]] is among the most popular markets in the city. [[Ghazala Lari]], a politician and [[Mushir Alam |Mushir-Riaz]], film producers and [[Alhaj Minnatullah]], Indian businessman belong to the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Polls-apart-Splitsville-post-result/articleshow/12241950.cms|title=Polls apart: Splitsville post result |work=The Times of India |date=13 March 2012 |access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 February 2019 |title=Film producer Mushir Alam buried in city |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/film-producer-mushir-alam-buried-in-city/articleshow/68102656.cms |access-date=2023-07-20 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Anglo Indians==
[[File:Bob Woolmer 1999.jpg|thumb|right|Woolmer speaking at a cricket dinner in Cape Town in December 1999]]
The Anglo Indian population in the city is estimated to be above 5,000. Though, a strong thriving community of the city before independence with population more than 10,000, now they are only found in some pockets of the city like [[McRobertganj]], Khalasi Lines, Maxwellganj, [[Green Park Stadium|Green Park]], [[Kanpur Cantonment|Cantonment]], Allenganj, Swaroop Nagar, Permat, Gwaltoli, Nawabganj and Arya Nagar. The All India Anglo Indian Association of the city has its headquarter near UKCA School or Sheiling House. Even though they have preserved their culture, many have mixed with local Christian population. Jamed Douglas Binge is the current chairman of AIAIA Kanpur and senior most Anglo Indian of the city. [[Bob Woolmer]], an eminent cricket player belonged to an Anglo Indian family of the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/i-never-thought-of-leaving-kanpur/articleshow/381196.cms|title=I never thought of leaving Kanpur|work=The Times of India|date=24 December 2003 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/all-i-want-for-christmas/|title=All I Want for Christmas|date=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://3basons.blogspot.in/2009/11/kanpur-home-again.html?m=1|title = 3 B's out and about: Kanpur home again|date = 6 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/research/post-1947-the-mixed-fortunes-of-the-mixed-race-anglo-indians-4780404/|title=Post-1947, the mixed fortunes of the mixed race Anglo-Indians|date=3 August 2017}}</ref> [[Charles Allen (writer)|Charles Allen]], a British freelance writer and a popular historian belongs to Kanpur and often refers to himself as 'Kanpurwala'.

==See also==
*[[Kanpur]]
*[[List of people from Kanpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Demographics of India]]
[[Category:Kanpur]]

Dhunn

2025-10-23T17:58:07Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating data.

{{Short description|Indian rock band}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2021}}

{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Dhunn
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| origin = [[Bengaluru]], India
| genre = [[Indian Rock|Hindi rock]]
| years_active = 2007 – present
| label = [[Encore Films]]
| current_members = Ankur Bhasin, Muneer A Mohsin
| past_members = Rahul Gupta
}}

'''Dhunn''' is an Indian music band of soft rock – contemporary genre and comprises [[Ankur Bhasin]] and [[Muneer A. Mohsin]]. Dhunn is known for their original, melodious music and live instrumentation in their music. Being a young and emerging group, Dhunn is a major hit with the late teens and early adults. Dhunn write and compose all their own music.

==Members==
*[[Ankur Bhasin]]
*[[Muneer A Mohsin]]

==Early years==

Ankur and Muneer both studied in [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School]], [[Bangalore]], India. During their schooling days, Ankur started writing poetry and his interest in music led to participation in a literary fest organised by [[Baldwin Boys' School]] in 1997. Ankur's group won third prize in the Western Music (Group) category. With an enthused interest, as an aftermath of the unanticipated win in the literary fest, Ankur decided to learn guitar. Ankur met with his school mate Muneer who was also struggling to learn guitar. Together they started learning and teaching guitar to each other.

Being largely self-taught and without the knowledge of written music, the duo created their own format of notations and chords and started creating their own music. However, after the completion of their high school in 2000, Ankur moved to [[Carnegie Mellon University]], US for further studies. Muneer also subsequently moved to [[Michigan State University]], USA for pursuing his college.

In USA, Ankur served as the President of Awaaz (a student organisation for Indian Music at Carnegie Mellon University) during the year 2002–2003 and also formed a fusion band [[Raag 'n Roll]]. The band was an instant hit amongst the students, having gathered more than 350 people for its first performance in [[Pittsburgh]], USA. The band was however disbanded the next year with many of its members leaving the university upon completion of their courses at Carnegie Mellon University.

== Music career ==
[[File:G9KN6049.jpg|alt=|thumb|Muneer and Ankur]]
After the completion of their college in 2004, the duo met up again in Bangalore. Rekindling their interest in music, Ankur and Muneer started creating their own music. Ankur soon met with another friend from school – Rahul Gupta. Due to their shared interest in original music, Ankur invited Rahul to be part of the band (then known as Dreamers). Dreamers changed their name to Vibrants and recorded their debut album at Raveolution Studios, Bangalore.

The band once again changed their name to Dhunn and launched their debut video, Yaadein, at Cinemax, Versova, [[Mumbai]] on 11 April 2007. Rahul, however, soon separated from the band thereafter. The label Dhunn signed to was unable to deliver and release the music and Dhunn subsequently cancelled the agreement with the label.

Dhunn released their second video, Tumhari Yaad in 2008 at Lido Mall, Bengaluru.

Dhunn actively performed in Bengaluru, Mumbai and Vietnam for 2 years after which the band went on a hiatus.

On May 10, 2000, Dhunn finally launched their music online through Encore Films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dhunn|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/0ukr6dERy1q7AzQMbgpZER|website=Spotify|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref>

==Album discography==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Year of release
! Album name
! Music Company
|-
| 2020
| Dhunn
| Encore Films
|}

==Video Discography==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Year
! Video
! Director
|-
| 2008
| Tumhari Yaad
| Shekhar Sirin
|-
| 2007
| Yaadein Remix
| Mridul Toolsidaas
|-
| 2007
| Yaadein
| Mridul Toolsidaas
|}

==Performances==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Date
! Performance
|-
| 14 November 2008
| For Little Paradise at Forum Mall, Bangalore, India
|-
| 26 October 2008
| For Indian Business Chamber at Sheraton, [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam
|-
| 18 July 2008
| For Rotary Jayanagar, Bangalore, India
|-
| 15 June 2008
| [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]], Bangalore, India
|-
| 8 June 2008
| Little Paradise, Bangalore, India
|-
| 3 November 2007
| For [[Diwali]] Mela by Punjabi Welfare Association at Patel's Inn, Bangalore, India
|-
| 27 October 2007
| For [[Oxfam]] at LIDO Mall, Bangalore, India
|-
| 11 April 2007
| Club Escape, Mumbai, India
|-
| 25 February 2007
| Gold Coin Club, Bangalore, India
|-
| 24 February 2007
| For Rotary Indranagar on International Night for World Understanding Month at Herbs and Spices, Whitefied, Bangalore, India
|}

==TV appearances==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Date
! Feature
|-
| 29 October 2007
| Dhunn's LIDO show telecasted on TV 9
|-
| 27 October 2007
| Interview on Udaya TV
|-
| 24 October 2007
| E TV
|-
| Aug / Sep 2007
| Dhunn shoots three episode series with Real Estate TV for the show titled "Space Harmonics"
|-
| 14 May 2007
| [[MTV]] Super select (MTV India)
|}

==Radio Appearances==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Date
! Feature
|-
| 2 March 2008
| LIVE show on FM Rainbow from 3pm – 5pm
|-
| 21 June 2007
| LIVE show on Radio City, Bangalore on for World Music Day
|-
| 16 June 2007
| Radio Mirchi, Bangalore from 9pm-midnight on the Club Mirchi
|-
| 19 May 2007
| Radio Mirchi, Mumbai from 9pm to 1am on Club Mirchi with Jeeturaaj
|-
| 25 June 2006
| Radio City Live, Bangalore at 9pm
|}

==Magazine appearances==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Month
! Feature
|-
| July 2007
| Man's World
|-
| June 2007
| Featured as Upcoming Artist in [[Rave (magazine)|RAVE]], India
|-
| April 2007
| Generation Y
|-
| 2007
| Nirvana Woman Fashion Magazine
|}

==Trivia==
Dhunn's debut video 'Yaadein' is ranked No. 13 in the All Time Non Movie Hits category by Rajshri<ref>[http://www.rajshri.com Rajshri]</ref>

==References==
{{cite web
|url=http://www.dhunn.com
|title=Dhunn's Official Band Website : www.dhunn.com
|publisher=www.dhunn.com
|access-date=3 February 2009
|last=
|first=
}}

{{cite web
|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/node/603/image_gallery,type_anonymous_user,url_node/603/image_gallery
|title=Bangalore-based band 'Dhunn' launches their album
|publisher=www.radioandmusic.com
|access-date=3 February 2009
|last=
|first=
}}

{{cite web
|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/30858.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502110227/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/30858.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2 May 2007
|title=Bangalore-based band 'Dhunn' launches their album
|work=www.indiaglitz.com
|access-date=3 February 2009
|last=
|first=
}}

{{Citation
| last = Nguyen
| first = Thuy
| title = Incham to celebrate Diwali festival in town
| newspaper = [[The Saigon Times]]
| date = 22 October 2008
| url = http://english.thesaigontimes.vn/Home/travel/arts/1670/
}}

{{Citation|last=Karimbayil |first=Saheer |title=Sufi band to perform in City |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=25 October 2007 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/Oct252007/metrothurs2007102432118.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905150711/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Oct252007/metrothurs2007102432118.asp |archive-date=5 September 2008 }}

{{Citation
| last = Syeda
| first = Farida
| title = New notes
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| date = 25 April 2007
| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/04/25/stories/2007042500400100.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103201839/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/04/25/stories/2007042500400100.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 3 November 2012
}}

{{Citation
| last = Syeda
| first = Farida
| title = Humming New Notes
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| date = 24 April 2007
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/04/24/stories/2007042400400100.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080612002611/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/04/24/stories/2007042400400100.htm
| url-status = usurped
| archive-date = 12 June 2008
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1083157|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic.com]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian rock music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2007]]

Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune

2025-10-12T02:47:35Z

Daljeetbhutal: entry...

{{Short description|Higher education institute in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=October 2025}}
{{Primary sources|date=October 2025}}
{{Update|date=October 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune
| image = SIBM Vector Logo 2.png
| motto = वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्
| mottoeng = The whole world is a family
| established = {{Start date and age|1978}}
|type = [[Private school#India|Private]] [[business school]]
| chancellor = [[S. B. Mujumdar|Shri S B Mujumdar]]
| director = Dr. [[Ramakrishnan Raman]]
| city = [[Pune]]
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[Symbiosis International University|SIU]]
| website = {{URL|sibm.edu}}
| coor = {{Coord|18|32|18|N|73|43|54|E|display=title}}
}}

'''Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune''' ('''SIBM Pune''') is a higher-education institute in [[Pune]], India, part of [[Symbiosis International University]]. Established in 1978, the institute offers master's degree programmes in management, innovation and entrepreneurship and a number of executive training programmes.

== History ==
[[File:The SIBM Building.jpg|alt=SIBM Pune Academic Building at Lavale Campus|thumb|SIBM Pune Academic Building at Lavale Campus]]
The [[Symbiosis Society]] is registered under the [[Societies Registration Act, 1860]] and the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950. The first institutions belonging to the Symbiosis Society were established in 1971 by [[S. B. Mujumdar]], and were affiliated with the [[University of Pune]]. Mujumdar subsequently established SIBM Pune in 1978.

Originally located as part of the combined campus of Symbiosis institutes in Pune city, the institute shifted to a new residential campus at Lavale in Mulshi Taluka at the outskirts of Pune city in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Infrastructure|url=https://www.sibm.edu/welcome/infrastructure|website=www.sibm.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref>

Since 2014, Dr Ramakrishnan Raman has been the director of SIBM Pune.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Institute Rankings ==
{{Update section|date=October 2025}}
{{Primary sources|section|date=October 2025}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+SIBM Pune Rankings
!Body/ Magazine
!Ranking
!Year
|-
|NIRF
|20th Best B school in India<ref>{{Cite web |title=MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/ManagementRanking.html |access-date=2022-04-02 |website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref>
|2021
|-
|''Business Today''
|15th Best B school in India and Best B School in Pune
|2021
|-
|Unstop (formerly Dare2Compete)
|6th most competitive B school in the country<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dare2Compete Awards 2020|url=https://unstop.com/awards/d2c-competitive-business-schools-2020|website=unstop.com (formerly Dare2Compete)|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref>
<ref name="Dare2Compete rebrands to Unstop">{{Cite web|title=Dare2Compete rebrands to Unstop|url=http://bweducation.businessworld.in/article/Dare2Compete-Rebrands-To-Unstop-/27-04-2022-426730/%7C|website=Unstop.com (formerly Dare2Compete)|access-date=2021-05-12}}</ref>
|2020
|-
|''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]''
|11th Best B School in India<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/2019/10/25/the-week-hansa-research-best-b-schools-survey-2019.html|title=THE WEEK Hansa Research Best B-Schools Survey 2019|website=The Week|language=en|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>
|2019
|-
|''[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]''
|4th Best Private B School in India<ref name=":0" />
|2019
|-
|Unstop (formerly Dare2Compete)<ref name="Dare2Compete rebrands to Unstop"/>
|3rd most competitive B school in the country<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstop.com/awards/competitive-b-schools-of-the-year-2019|title=Competitive Business Schools 2019|website=Unstop.com (formerly Dare2Compete)|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>
|2019
|-
|[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']] - ICARE
|5th among the top 50 B-schools in the west zone<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/outlook-icare-india-mba-rankings-2020-top-private-mba-institutions/302201|title=Outlook-ICARE MBA Rankings: Top 150 Private MBA Institutions {{!}} Outlook India Magazine|last=|first=|date=|website=Outlook India|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>
|2019
|-
|[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']] - ICARE
|6th among the top 150 private MBA institutes<ref name=":1" />
|2019
|-
|[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']] - ICARE
|2nd among the top University-Constituent Colleges in India<ref name=":1" />
|2019
|-
|''Dalal Street Investment Journal''
|7th in the category of Top-100 B-Schools in India<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dsij.in/DSIJArticleDetail/ArtMID/10163/ArticleID/5587/INDIAS-TOP-100-B-SCHOOLS-2019|title=INDIA'S TOP 100 B-SCHOOLS 2019|website=Dalal Street Investment Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>
|2019
|-
|[[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]]
|20th Best B School in India
|2019
|}

== Notable alumni ==
{{Incomplete list|date=October 2025}}

*[[Neeraj Ghaywan]] (Film Director)
*[[Babu Antony]] (Actor)
*[[Radhika Maira Tabrez]] (Indian Writer)
*[[Divya Prakash Dubey]] (Hindi Writer)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.sibm.edu/ Official Website]

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Business schools in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Pune]]

Kashi Mahakal Express (via Lucknow)

2025-10-12T02:19:40Z

Daljeetbhutal:

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date = August 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
|name= Kashi Mahakal Express
|seating=No
|map=
|speed={{cvt|60|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
|trainnumber= 20413 / 20414
|el=
|gauge={{RailGauge|1676mm}}
|stock=[[LHB coach|LHB Humsafar]]
|otherfacilities=
|baggage=Yes
|entertainment=Yes (in executive class)
|observation=Large windows
|catering=Available
|autorack=
|sleeping=Yes
|class=AC 3 tier
|frequency=Tri-weekly
|journeytime=18 hours 55 mins
|distance={{convert|1128|km|abbr=on}}
|end={{rws|Indore Junction}} ('''INDB''')
|stops=7
|start={{rws|Varanasi Junction}} ('''BSB''')
|ridership=
|operator=[[Indian Railways]]
|last=
|first={{start date and age|df=yes|2020|2|20}}
|locale=
|type=[[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast]]
|image = Kashi Mahakal Express.jpg
|caption= Kashi Mahakal Express at Platform 2 of [[Kanpur Central]].
|image_width=
|map_state=
}}

The 20413 / 20414 '''Kashi Mahakal Express''' is a superfast express train of the [[Indian Railways]] connecting [[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi Junction]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]] via [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow]]. It is currently being operated with 20413/20414 (via Lucknow) twice a week and 20415/20416 (via Prayagraj) once a week. This train share rake with [[IRCTC Kashi Mahakal Humsafar Express (via Allahabad)|Mahakal Superfast Express (Via Prayagraj)]].

== Coach composition ==
The train has 3-tier AC and sleeper coach trains designed by [[Indian Railways]] it has 3 sleeper coach and more than 7 third ac coach and 1 second ac one pantry car also.

== Service ==
It averages 60 km/h as 20413 Humsafar Express covering 1110 km in 18 hrs 45 mins & 59 km/h as 20414 Humsafar Express covering 1110 km in 18 hrs 20 mins.

== Schedule ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Train Number
!Station Code
!Departure Station
!Departure Time
!Departure Day
!Arrival Station
!Arrival Time
!Arrival Day
|-
|
20413
|BSB
|[[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi]]
|2:45 PM
|TUES THU
|[[Indore Junction railway station|Indore]]
|9:40 AM
|WED FRI
|-
|20414
|INDB
|[[Indore Junction railway station|Indore]]
|10:55 AM
|WED FRI
|[[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi]]
|6:00 AM
|THU SAT
|}

==Locomotive==

This train is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Ghaziabad|Ghaziabad]] (GZB) / [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara]] (BRC) loco shed based [[WAP 7]] locomotive on its entire journey.

== Stoppage ==

* '''[[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi Junction]]'''
* [[Sultanpur Junction railway station|Sultanpur Junction]]
* [[Lucknow Charbagh railway station|Lucknow Charbagh]]
* [[Kanpur Central railway station|Kanpur Central]]
* [[Jhansi Junction railway station|Jhansi Junction]]
* [[Bina Junction railway station|Bina Junction]]
* [[Sant Hirdaram Nagar railway station|Sant Hirdaram Nagar]]
* [[Ujjain Junction railway station|Ujjain Junction]]
* '''[[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]]'''

== See also ==

* [[Humsafar Express]]
* [[Varanasi Junction railway station|Varanasi Junction]]
* [[Indore Junction railway station|Indore Junction]]
* [[IRCTC Kashi Mahakal Humsafar Express (Via Allahabad)]]

== References ==

* https://indiarailinfo.com/train/irctc-kashi-mahakal-humsafar-express-via-lucknow-82401/111962/334/8
* https://indiarailinfo.com/train/irctc-kashi-mahakal-humsafar-express-via-lucknow-82402/112006/8/334
{{Humsafar Express}}

[[Category:Humsafar Express trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Indore]]
[[Category:Passenger trains originating from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Transport in Ujjain]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2020]]

K. G. Bopaiah

2025-10-04T16:57:37Z

Daljeetbhutal:

{{short description|Indian politician|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. G. Bopaiah
| image = file:K.G.Bopaiah.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name = Kombarana Ganapathy Bopaiah
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1951|10|17}}
| birth_place = [[Madikeri]], [[Coorg State]], India
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = 13th [[List of speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 17 November 2009
| term_end = 17 May 2013
| chief minister =
| predecessor = [[Jagadish Shettar]]
| successor = [[Kagodu Thimmappa]]
| governor = [[Hansraj Bhardwaj]]
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = May 2008
| term_end2 = May 2023
| constituency2 = [[Virajpet Assembly constituency|Virajpet]]
| predecessor2 = H. D. Basavaraju
| successor2 = [[A. S. Ponnanna]]
| chiefminister2 =
| term_start3 = 2004
| term_end3 = 2007
| constituency3 = [[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]]
| predecessor3 = Mundanda M Nanaiah
| successor3 = [[Appachu Ranjan]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata party]]
| religion =
| spouse = Kunthi
| children = 2
| website =
}}

'''Kombarana Ganapathy Bopaiah''' (born 17 October 1951) is an Indian politician who served as the Speaker of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]. He is affiliated with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and has been appointed the pro tem speaker of the Legislative Assembly by the Governor of Karnataka in 2018.

==Early life==
K. G. Bopaiah was born into a [[Kodagu Gowda]] (Arebashe Gowda) family on 17 October 1951 at Kalur, a small village near [[Madikeri]] in [[Kodagu]] district. He received his primary education at the Kalur Government Primary School and later attended high school in Chettalli, [[Somwarpet]] taluk. In 1974, he earned his BSc degree from the then Government Senior College (now known as Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa College) in Somwarpet.

Following his undergraduate studies, Bopaiah pursued law at BMS College in [[Bangalore]]. He excelled in his legal studies and graduated as a gold medallist. In 1980, he returned to Madikeri and commenced his career as a practicing lawyer.

==Political career==
He was closely associated with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and the [[Sangh Parivar]] since his childhood. Also, he was an active member of the [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] during his college days. He participated in the movement against the Kambadakada dam project in Kodagu proposed by the government in the 1970s. He was arrested during the [[Emergency (India)|Emergency]] in Bangalore and imprisoned along with thousands of other opposition activists.

He was appointed General Secretary of the Kodagu district unit of the BJP and elevated as its president in the 1990s. In 2004, he was elected as a MLA from [[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri constituency]] as a BJP candidate.<ref name=state>{{cite news|title=Madikeri MLA inspects rain hit villages|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/11/stories/2004081105620300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911043644/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/11/stories/2004081105620300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 September 2004|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 August 2004}}</ref> In 2008, he was re-elected again as a BJP candidate from [[Virajpet Assembly constituency|Virajpet constituency]] after the de-limitation exercise reduced the number of seats in Kodagu district from three to two.<ref name=state2>{{cite news|title=Three way clash in Virajpet|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/01/stories/2008050153630300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506140049/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/01/stories/2008050153630300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2008|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=1 May 2008}}</ref>

He served as pro tem Speaker after the BJP victory and administered oath of office to all the members of the Legislative Assembly.<ref name=state3>{{cite news|title=Bopaiah is pro tem Speaker|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Jun32008/state2008060271401.asp|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=3 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041433/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Jun32008/state2008060271401.asp|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Later, he was unanimously elected as the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.<ref name=state4>{{cite news|title=K.G.Bopaiah elected Deputy speaker|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/30/stories/2008073053470400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805171633/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/30/stories/2008073053470400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2008|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=30 July 2008}}</ref> On 30 December 2009, he was elected as the [[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]<ref name=state5>{{cite web|title=K.G.Bopaiah elected Karnataka Speaker|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2009/dec/30/bopaiah-elected-karnataka-speaker.htm|publisher=Rediffnews|accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref> following the resignation of the previous speaker, [[Jagadish Shettar]]. The election of the Speaker, however, was held under chaotic circumstances as the Opposition parties wanted the elections to be postponed due to the death of the Kannada actor [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]. However, the government went ahead with the election process and K.G. Bopaiah was elected as Speaker, defeating the Opposition candidate, T.B. Jayachandra of the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the first person from Kodagu district to become Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.

He was elected as a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] and was chosen as the pro tem speaker by the [[Governor of Karnataka]] for the floor test held on 19 May 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pro-tem-speaker-k-g-bopaiah-the-man-in-hot-seat/articleshow/64232345.cms |title=Pro tem Speaker KG Bopaiah: The man in the hot seat |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 May 2018 |accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Virajpet Constituency Election Results 2023">{{cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Virajpet Constituency Election Results 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/virajpet-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99305573.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329044057/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/karnataka/constituency/virajpet-assembly-constituency-election-results-assembly-seat-details-mlas-candidates/articleshow/99305573.cms |archive-date=29 March 2025 |access-date=29 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Controversies==

In October 2011, 11 disgruntled MLAs of the ruling BJP along with some independent MLAs revolted against the leadership of [[B.S. Yeddyurappa]] and submitted a letter to the Governor withdrawing their support to the BJP Government. In a controversial move, Speaker Bopaiah disqualified the rebel MLAs and thus played a major role in the survival of the BJP Government in [[Karnataka]]. Although his decision was upheld by the [[Karnataka High Court]],<ref name=bangalore>{{cite news|title=Karnataka high court uphold disqualification|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_karnataka-high-court-upholds-disqualification-of-11-bjp-mlas_1459413|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=DNA|date=29 October 2010}}</ref> it was overturned by the [[Supreme Court of India]].<ref name=state9>{{cite web|title=Disqualification quashed|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sc-quashes-disqualification-of-16-karnataka-mlas/152217-37-64.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516155143/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sc-quashes-disqualification-of-16-karnataka-mlas/152217-37-64.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 May 2011|publisher=ibn network|accessdate=28 April 2012}}</ref> The Supreme Court criticised the Speaker for the haste with which he had acted during the trust vote.<ref name=state0>{{cite news|title=SC raps speaker for partisan step|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-15/bangalore/29545533_1_speaker-trust-vote-k-g-bopaiah|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521002238/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-15/bangalore/29545533_1_speaker-trust-vote-k-g-bopaiah|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 May 2011|accessdate=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 May 2011}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bopaiah, K. G.}}
[[Category:Speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:People from Kodagu district]]
[[Category:Deputy speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]

Samayā

2025-09-13T17:13:18Z

Daljeetbhutal: new...

{{Short description|Sanskrit term for time}}
{{Other uses|Samaya (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Ashoka Chakra.svg|thumb|The [[Ashoka Chakra]] has a spoke for each of 24 hours in a day.]]
'''Samaya''' ({{Langx|sa|समय|lit=Time|translit=Samayā}})<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-03 |title=Samaya, Samayā, Samāya, Shamaya: 30 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/samaya |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> or '''Samayam''' ({{Langx|sa|समयम्|translit=Samayaṃ}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bodhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ftnADQAAQBAJ&dq=samaya%E1%B9%83&pg=PA1531 |title=The Suttanipata: An Ancient Collection of the Buddha's Discourses Together with Its Commentaries |date=2017-09-26 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-61429-454-2 |pages=1531 |language=en}}</ref> is a [[Sanskrit]] term referring to the "appointed or proper time, [the] right ''moment'' for doing anything."<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Monier-Williams |first1=Sir Monier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dLUKaou4KcMC&dq=samayam+sanskrit+time&pg=PA1164 |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymological and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages |last2=Leumann |first2=Ernst |last3=Cappeller |first3=Carl |date=1999 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0369-1 |pages=1164 |language=en}}</ref> In [[Languages of India|Indian languages]], ''samayam'', or ''samay'' in [[Indo-Aryan languages]], is a unit of time.

In contemporary usage, ''samayam'' means time in [[Dravidian languages]] such as [[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andronov |first=Mikhail Sergeevich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhB60gYvnLgC&dq=samayam+time&pg=PA258 |title=A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Languages |date=2003 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-04455-4 |pages=258 |language=en}}</ref> and {{lang|sa|samay}} in [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] languages such as [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].

==Uses==
{{lang|sa|Samayam}} is a term used in [[Indian classical music]] to loosely categorize [[ragas]] into times of day. Each ''raga'' has a specific period of the day ([[prahar|praharam]]) when it is performed.

In the [[Gandharva Veda]], the day is divided into three-hour intervals: 4–7{{nbsp}}a.m., 7–10{{nbsp}}a.m., etc. The time concept in the Gandharva Veda is more strictly-adhered to than it would be, for example, in [[Carnatic music]].

The samayachakra is the great chariot wheel of time which turns relentlessly forward.

===Jainism===
{{see also|Jain units of time}}
Samaya represents the most infinitesimal part of time that cannot be divided further.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Vijay K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qCxZDwAAQBAJ&dq=samaya+unit+of+time&pg=PA180 |title=Ācārya Kundakunda's Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine आचार्य कुन्दकुन्द विरचित "प्रवचनसार" |date=2018 |publisher=Vikalp Printers |isbn=978-81-932726-1-9 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> The blink of an eye, or about a quarter of a second, has innumerable ''samaya'' in it. For all practical purposes a second happens to be the finest measurement of time. [[Jainism]], however, recognizes a very small measurement of time known as ''samaya'', which is an infinitely small part of a second.

A {{lang|sa|samaya}} is the amount of time it takes for the soul of an ''[[Arihant (Jainism)|arihant]]'' to travel to the [[Siddhashila]] (highest realm in the [[universe]]) after reaching the stage of [[Moksha (Jainism)|moksha]] (liberation).

===Hinduism===
{{lang|sa|Samayam}} is stated to be an epithet of [[Shiva]] in the [[Agni Purana]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Books |first=Kausiki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3ZJEAAAQBAJ&dq=samaya+time+puranas&pg=PT460 |title=Agni Purana 1 : English Translation only |date=2021-07-12 |publisher=Kausiki Books |pages=460 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Hindu cosmology]]
* [[Jain cosmology]]
* [[Palya]]
* [[Hasta (unit)|Hasta]]
* [[Religious cosmology]]
* [[Kairos]]
* [[Instant]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Units of time]]
[[Category:Hindu cosmology]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Samaya}}

Diocese of Jashpur

2025-08-24T22:02:46Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating new data.

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Chhattisgarh, India}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Jashpur
| latin = Dioecesis Jashpurensis
| local = जशपुर के सूबा
| image =
| image_size = frameless
| image_alt =
| caption =
| coat =
| coat_size =
| coat_alt =
| coat_caption =

| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory =
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Raipur]]
| metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Raipur]]
| deaneries =
| headquarters =
| coordinates =

| area_km2 = 6,457 
| area_footnotes =
| population = 743,160
| population_as_of = 2006
| catholics = 185,666
| catholics_percent = 25
| parishes = 
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
| rite = [[Roman Rite]]
| established = 23 March 2006
| dissolved =
| cathedral = [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary (Jashpur)|Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary]]
| cocathedral =
| patron =
| priests = 

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| bishop = Emmanuel Kerketta
| metro_archbishop = Victor Henry Thakur
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops =
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general =
| judicial_vicar =
| emeritus_bishops =

| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = 
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Jashpur''' (Latin: ''Dioecesis Jashpurensis'') in [[India]] was created on March 23, 2006. It is a [[suffragan diocese]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Raipur|Archdiocese of Raipur]]. Its first [[Bishops in the Catholic Church|bishop]] was Mar [[Victor Kindo]], previously bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Raigarh|Raigarh]], who died on 12 June 2008. On December 22, 2009 [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed Fr. [[Emmanuel Kerketta]], the diocesan administrator and previous [[Vicar General]], as the new bishop of [[Jashpur]].

The diocese covers an area of 5,838 km2 of the territory previously belonging to the Diocese of [[Raigarh]], in [[Chhattisgarh]] state. The see has its seat in [[Kunkuri]], where the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary (Jashpur)|Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary]] is located.

The total population in the diocese is 739,780, of which 185,485 are [[Catholic Church in India|Catholic]]. The diocese is subdivided into 46 [[parish]]es.

==External links==
*[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/jash0.htm GCatholic.org]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/djash.html Catholic-hierarchy.org]
*[http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=7040&lan=eng Press release about the creation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203254/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=7040&lan=eng |date=2007-09-27 }}

{{coord|22.7434|N|83.9602|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jashpur}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2006]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Christianity in Chhattisgarh]]

Desari railway station

2025-08-21T18:43:56Z

Daljeetbhutal: typo fix

{{Short description|Railway station in Vaishali, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Desari Station
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|40px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = DES Rail.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = [[Desari]], [[Vaishali district|Vaishali]], Bihar
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|25|40|9|N|85|24|29|E|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|55|m|ft}}
| line = [[Barauni–Gorakhpur, Raxaul and Jainagar lines]]
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 2
| tracks =
| parking = No
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = DES
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Sonpur}}
}}
| owned =
| operator =
| status = Functioning
| former = [[East Indian Railway]]
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_locator =
}}
'''Desari station''', station code '''DES''', is a railway station in the [[Sonpur railway division]] of [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]. Desari station is located in [[Desari]] [[Community development block in India|block]] in [[Vaishali district]] in the Indian state of Bihar.

==Platforms==

The two platforms are interconnected with [[foot overbridge]] (FOB).
Several express and [[passenger trains]] stop at this station.<ref name=indiantrains>{{cite web|title=Desari Station Details|url=http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=DES|publisher=indiantrains.org|access-date=18 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name=trainlist>{{cite web|title=Trains at Desari Station|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/690|publisher=India Rail Info|access-date=18 April 2012}}</ref>

==Nearest airports==
The nearest airports to Desari station are:
* [[Gorakhpur Airport]], [[Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh|Gorakhpur]] {{Convert|258|km}}
* [[Gaya Airport]] {{Convert|126|km}}
* [[Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport]], Patna {{Convert|38|km}}
* [[Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport]], Kolkata

==See also==
* [[Shahpur Patori railway station]]
*[[Chak Sikandar railway station]]
*[[Sahadai Buzurg railway station]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|India|Railways|Transport}}
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/690 Desari Station Map]
* [http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/ Official website of the Vaishali district]
{{Vaishali district topics }}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}
{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Sonpur railway division]]


{{Bihar-railstation-stub}}

Siyaasat

2025-08-11T03:43:25Z

Daljeetbhutal: new...

{{short description|Indian historical television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| alt_name = 
| director = Siddharth Anand Kumar, Jay Dev Banerjee, [[Danish Aslam]], Yogesh Bhati, Rishab Seth
| starring = Charu Shankar [[Sudhanshu Pandey]] [[Uday Tikekar]] [[Deepika Amin]] Shaynam Ladakhi [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]]
| genre = [[Historical fiction]]
| producer = Jay Dev Banerjee
| company = Indigo Creation Productions
| location = [[Rajasthan]]
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 42
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 60 minutes
| network = [[The EPIC Channel]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=yes|2014|11|20}}
| based_on = {{based on|''The Twentieth Wife''|[[Indu Sundaresan]]}}
}}
'''''Siyaasat''''' (English: ''Politics'') is a 2014 [[India]]n fictional drama which aired on [[The EPIC Channel]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.bestmediainfo.com/2014/11/can-a-mythology-and-history-based-channel-be-an-epicwin/|title= Can a mythology and history-based channel be an #EpicWin?|newspaper= Best Media Info|date= 17 November 2014|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref> The series is an adaptation of the popular 2002 award-winning fictional novel ''The Twentieth Wife'' by author [[Indu Sundaresan]].<ref name=dnaindia>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-a-genuinely-interesting-tv-serial-at-last-2109656|title= A genuinely interesting TV serial at last?|newspaper= Deccan Herald|date= 30 Aug 2015|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref>

The series revolves around [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] politics, inter-personal conflicts, sabotage, grandeur, power and the love between Prince Salim (the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]) and Mehrunissa also known as [[Nur Jahan]], who was Salim's twentieth and final wife.<ref name=dnaindia /><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.afaqs.com/news/story/42410_Mahesh-Samats-Epic-run-to-begin-on-November-19|title= Mahesh Samat's 'Epic' run to begin on November 19|newspaper= AFaqs|date= 7 November 2014|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref> It is now available on [https://www.epicon.in/tv-shows/siyaasat/season-1/episode-1 EPIC On], [[Epic TV|EPIC TV]]'s streaming platform and on [[Prime Video]] as well.

==Plot==
Siyaasat is mainly about the journey of [[Nur Jahan|Mehrunissa]] to become [[Nur Jahan]]. It is based in the era of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rule where [[Akbar]] is the Emperor. The show focuses on the battle between the princes to become the heir to the throne and also on [[Jahangir|Salim]] - Mehrunissa's love story. The other prominent aspects of the show are the politics in the [[harem]] between [[Jagat Gosaini]], [[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum]] and other women, the rivals of Akbar like [[Malik Amber]], [[Chand Bibi]] and [[Rana Pratap]] and the political turmoil in Akbar's court between [[Abul Fazl]], [[Mirza Ghias Beg]] and [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]]

==Cast==
* [[Uday Tikekar]] as Emperor [[Akbar]]
* [[Deepika Amin]] as Empress [[Ruqaiya Sultan Begum]], Akbar's first wife and Padshah Begum.
* [[Karanvir Sharma]]/[[Sudhanshu Pandey]] as Prince [[Jahangir|Salim]] ([[Emperor Jahangir]]), Akbar's eldest son<ref name="sunday-guardian.com">{{cite news|url= http://www.sunday-guardian.com/young-restless/the-reigning-queen-of-siyasat-charu-shankar-on-playing-noor-jehan|title= The reigning queen of Siyaasat: Charu Shankar on playing Noor Jehan|newspaper= The Sunday Guardian|date= 3 January 2015|accessdate= 3 July 2015|archive-date= 15 September 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170915054341/http://www.sunday-guardian.com/young-restless/the-reigning-queen-of-siyasat-charu-shankar-on-playing-noor-jehan|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* Charu Shankar as [[Nur Jahan|Mehrunissa]] ([[Nur Jahan|Empress Nur Jahan]]),<ref name="sunday-guardian.com"/> wife of [[Sher Afgan|Ali Quli Sher Afgan]] and illicit lover of Prince Salim. She eventually marries her lover, the emperor Jehangir.
* [[Neetha Shetty]] as [[Manbhawati Bai|Maan Bai]],<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/we-know-we-have-to-work-on-awareness-level-says-epic-s-mahesh-samat-150203|title= "We know we have to work on awareness level," says Epic's Mahesh Samat|newspaper= Indian Television.com|date= 3 February 2015|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref> Salim's first wife and mother of Prince [[Khusrau Mirza|Khusrau]].
* Shaynam Ladakhi as Mehmood, Nur Jahan's brother and Hoshiyar's lover.
* Nayani Dixit as [[Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani|Jagat Gosaini]], Salim's second wife and later Padshah Begum and the mother of Prince Khurram (future Emperor [[Shah Jahan]]).
* [[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]] as Young Mehrunissa
* KC Shankar as [[Sher Afghan Khan|Ali Quli (Sher Afghan)]], a nobleman and husband of Mehrunnisa, who hates Prince Salim because the latter is Mehrunnisa's illicit lover
* [[Pawan Chopra]] as [[Mirza Ghias Beg]], Mehrunnisa's father
* [[Suparna Marwah]] as Asmat Begum, Mehrunnisa's mother
* Gurpreet Saini as Prince [[Sultan Murad Mirza|Murad]],<ref name="toi">{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/hindi/Indias-first-genre-specific-Hindi-entertainment-channel-The-EPIC-Channel-to-go-on-air/articleshow/45096145.cms|title= India's first genre-specific Hindi entertainment channel, The EPIC Channel, to go on air|newspaper= Times of India|date= 3 February 2015|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref> second son of Akbar
* Mokshad Dodwani as Prince [[Daniyal (Mughal prince)|Daniyal]], third son of Akbar
* [[Bikramjeet Kanwarpal]] as [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abu'l-Fazl]],<ref name="toi"/> a beloved friend, advisor and courtier of Emperor Akbar
* Nagesh Salwan as [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]], a courtier of Akbar and Salim who later supports prince Khusrau in his rebellion against his father Salim (Emperor Jehangir)
* [[Kavin Dave]] as [[Qutubuddin Koka]], courtier loyal to Salim, appointed commander-in-chief after Salim becomes Emperor
* [[Omkar Kapoor]] as [[Mahabat Khan]], courtier loyal to Salim, appointed Grand Vazir (Wazir) after Salim becomes Emperor
* Ravy Sharma as [[Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan]], brother of Mehrunissa, father of Arjumand Banu Begum ([[Mumtaz Mahal]])
* Ashraf Nagoo as Hoshiyar Khan, Mehmood's lover.
*[[Ashnoor Kaur]] as Arjumand Banu Begum ([[Mumtaz Mahal]])
* [[Rupali Krishnarao]] as Sharif un-Nissa ([[Anarkali|Nadira]]), a courtesan from Lahore
*Devansh Dixit as Shah Jahan

==Production==
The series was shot over a period of six months in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]],<ref name="sunday-guardian.com"/> with the [[Laxmi Niwas Palace]] acting as a substitute for Emperor Akbar's palace in [[Lahore]]. Costumes for the series have been designed by Pia Benegal, the daughter of director [[Shyam Benegal]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Team|first1=Tellychakkar|title=Pia Benegal designs costumes for Samvidhaan|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/pia-benegal-designs-costumes-samvidhaan-589|website=Tellychakkar.com|accessdate=17 May 2017|date=10 Mar 2014}}</ref>

Charu Shankar made her Indian television debut with ''Siyaasat''. She described how she bagged the lead role, "I had read all three books in the Taj Mahal trilogy and liked them. The producers called me and said that they were trying to make a [[Game of Thrones]]-style series out of it, to which I said, "Excellent. What role do you want me for?" And that is when I got to know that it was for Mehrunissa [Nur Jahan's birth name]. I was driving at that moment and I almost banged my car out of excitement." Shankar described how she prepared for the role of Nur Jahan. "I had a month to prepare for the role before we went to Bikaner, which is where we shot the series. I happened to be doing an art history course at the National Museum at that time and I spent it at the gallery studying Mughal miniatures and trying to imagine the world that Mehrunissa lived in."<ref name="sunday-guardian.com"/>

The show has been shot across various scenic locales in Rajasthan and real palaces of Bikaner.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} Siyaasat brings alive the decadent lifestyle, architecture, art, and stories of the Mughal royalty.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Siyaasat-Celebration-turns-into-a-murder-plot/articleshow/45545257.cms|title= Siyaasat: Celebration turns into a murder plot|newspaper= The Times of India|date= 17 December 2014|accessdate=3 July 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=June 2016}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.epicon.in/tv-shows/siyaasat/season-1/episode-1}}
*{{IMDb title|tt6847292|Siyaasat}}

[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Epic TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Works set in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Akbar]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 17th century]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Jahangir]]

Address (film)

2025-08-10T12:58:49Z

Daljeetbhutal: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[Atharvaa]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

Delhi Resolution

2025-07-23T16:38:38Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating stub

{{Short description|Document of the All-India Muslim League}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox document
|document_name=Delhi Resolution
|Image=
|caption=
|date_presented=8 April 1946
|location_of_document=Anglo-Arabic Hall, [[Delhi]]
|purpose=To abrogate the Lahore Resolution and confirm the Muslim League's intention of advocating a unitary Pakistan
|writer= Muslim League sub-committee consisting of: [[Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan]], [[Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani]], [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]], [[I.I. Chundrigar]], and [[Abdul Matin Chaudhary]];<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashid |first=Harun-or-|title=The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and Muslim Politics, 1906–1947 |publisher=University Press Limited |year=2003 |location=Dhaka |pages=232–233}}</ref> Resolution moved by [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]]
|signers=[[All-India Muslim League]]
|date_ratified={{Start date and age|df=yes|1946|04}}
}}

The '''Delhi Resolution''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]:دہلی قرارداد; [[Bengali language|Bengali]]:দিল্লির প্রস্তাব), was a Resolution of the [[All-India Muslim League]], written by an All-India Muslim League sub-committee and moved by [[Prime Minister of Bengal]] [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], passed during the All-India Muslim League legislators convention in Delhi in April 1946. It is noted for calling for the establishment of a United Pakistan comprising Northwest India and Northeast India.

==Historical Context==

Until the mid-1930s and 1940s, the Muslim League's approach to the Muslim question was to advocate for political and constitutional safeguards for India's Muslims within a federal India. The 1935 Government of India Act provided separate electorates and provincial devolution, paving the way for the [[1937 Indian provincial elections]] that resulted in the formation of Congress ministries in six out of eight provinces with a [[Krishak Proja Party|Krishok Proja Party]]-[[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] coalition ministry formed in Bengal and a [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] ministry formed in Punjab. During the rule of Congress ministries between 1937 and 1939, the Muslim League would direct its propaganda towards highlighting atrocities against Muslims under Congress rule.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Muslims under Congress rule, 1937-1939: a documentary record |editor-last=Aziz |editor-first=K.K. |location=Islamabad |publication-date=1978}}</ref> The outbreak of [[World War II]] in September 1939 would lead to the resignation of Congress ministries, leading to Jinnah to call for Deliverance Day in December 1939 to celebrate this.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1939 |title= |journal=Indian Annual Register |location=Calcutta |volume=II}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In March 1940, the [[Lahore Resolution]], which called for the establishment of a separate homeland for the Muslims of India, would help popularise the Muslim League and the Pakistan Movement among the Indian Muslim masses whilst sparking debates around the shape of a hypothetical Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Text of the 1940 Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League by Brian McMorrow |url=https://pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/140584822 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=PBase |language=en-US}}</ref> The meaning of the Lahore Resolution is contested given its vagueness and whether it called for a unitary state or two states is highly contested, with those in Bengal particularly advocating that the Lahore Resolution called for the establishment of two states whilst others stating it called for one state. During WW2, the British made several attempts to solve the communal question and deadlock between the [[All-India Muslim League]] and [[Indian National Congress]] as exemplified by the [[Cripps Mission]] of 1942 and [[Simla Conference|1945 Simla Conference]], leading to the holding of elections in 1946.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jalal |first=Ayesha |title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1985 |location=Cambridge}}</ref> The [[1946 Indian provincial elections]] would come as a plebiscite on Pakistan in favour of Pakistan, proving that Pakistan had mass support among India's 80 million Muslims and it would be after the conclusion of these elections that a legislators convention would be held. After the elections, the Labour Government of [[Clement Attlee]] dispatched the [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India]] led by [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Viceroy Wavell]] to solve the communal deadlock and the question of transfer of power. The Cabinet Mission called for the creation of a federal India where the Muslim majority zones in the Northwest and Northeast of India were autonomous.<ref name=":1" /> However, the Cabinet Mission was unsuccessful due to [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (who was elected President of the INC in July) rejecting it in a press conference in [[Bombay]] in spite of Congress President [[Maulana Azad]]s and AIML President Jinnahs acceptance of the Mission.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Azad |first=Abul Kalam |title=India Wins Freedom |publisher=Oriental Longmans |year=1988 |edition=Complete |location=Hyderabad |pages=Ch. 11}}</ref>

==Delhi Legislators Convention==
The Session was held on 7–9 April 1946 at the quadrangle of the Anglo-Arabic Hall in Delhi. The convention started with a speech by Muslim League President [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. Then [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] announced the creation of the Subject Committee in each province of India. The next day on Monday 8 April, the Subject Committee approved the Delhi Resolution moved by Suhrawardy, which called for "the Zones comprising Bengal and Assam in the North East and the Punjab, the North West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan in the North West of India, namely the Pakistan Zones, where the Muslims are a dominant majority, be constituted into one sovereign independent state and that an unequivocal undertaking be given to implement the establishment of Pakistan without delay".<ref name=":2" /> Suhrawardy and others would then assert the need for Muslim India to rally around and fight for Pakistan and Jinnah would make a concluding address at the end affirming this.<ref name=":2" />

==Full Text==
The full text of the Resolution reads as follows:

<blockquote>
'''"THE DELHI RESOLUTION"'''

Whereas in this vast subcontinent of India a hundred million Muslims are adherents of
a Faith which regulates every department of their life—education, social, economic and
political—whose code is not confined merely to spiritual doctrine and tenets or rituals
and ceremonies, and which stands in sharp contrast to the exclusive nature of the
Hindu Dharma and Philosophy which has fostered and maintained for thousands of
years a rigid caste system resulting in the degradation of sixty million human beings to
the position of untouchables, creation of unnatural barriers between man and man,
super-imposition of social and economic inequalities on a large body of the people of
the country, and which threatens to reduce Muslims, Christians and other minorities to
the status of irredeemable helots, socially and economically;

Whereas the Hindu Caste System is a direct negation of nationalism, equality,
democracy and all the noble ideals that Islam stands for.
Whereas different historical background, traditions, cultures, social and economic
orders of the Hindus and the Muslims made impossible the evolution of a single Indian
nation inspired by common aspirations and ideals and whereas after centuries they still
remain two distinct major nations;

Whereas soon after the introduction by the British of the policy of setting up Political
institutions in India on lines of Western Democracies based on majority rule which
means that the majority of the nation or society inspite of their opposition as amply
demonstrated during the two and half years' regime of Congress Governments in the
Hindu majority Provinces, under the Government of India Act 1935, when the Muslims
were subjected to untold harassments and oppressions as a result of which they were
convinced of the futility and ineffectiveness of the so called safeguards provided in the
Constitution and in the Instrument of Instructions to the Governors and were driven to
the irresistible conclusion that in a United India Federation, if established, the Muslims,
even in Muslim Majority Provinces, could meet with no better fate and their rights and
interests could never be adequately protected against the perpetual Hindu majority at
the centre;

Whereas the Muslims are convinced that, with a view to saving Muslim India from the
domination of the Hindus and in order to afford them full scope to develop themselves
according to their genius, it is necessary to constitute a sovereign independent state
comprising Bengal and Assam in the North East Zone, and the Punjab, North West
Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan in the North West Zone;

This Convention of The Muslim League Legislators of India. Central and Provincial,
after careful consideration hereby declares that the Muslim Nation will never submit to
any constitution for a United India and will never participate in any single constitution
making machinery set up for the purpose, and any formula devised by the British
Government for transferring power from the British to the peoples of India, which does
not conform to the following just and equitable principles calculated to maintain
internal peace and tranquility in the country.

I. That the Zones comprising Bengal and Assam in the North East and the Punjab,
the North West Frontier Province, Sindh and Baluchistan in the North West of India,
namely the Pakistan Zones, where the Muslims are a dominant majority, be constituted
into one sovereign independent state and that an unequivocal undertaking be given to
implement the establishment of Pakistan without delay.

II. That two separate Constitution making Bodies be set up by the peoples of
Pakistan and Hindustan for the purpose of framing their respective constituencies.

III. That the minorities in Pakistan and Hindustan be provided with safeguards on
the line of All-India Muslim League Resolution passed on the 23rd March 1940, at
Lahore.

IV. That the acceptance of the Muslim League demand for Pakistan and its
implementation without delay are the sine qua non for the Muslim League cooperation
and participation in the formation of an interim Government at the Centre.

V. This Convention further emphatically declares that any attempt to impose a
constitution on a United India basis or to force any interim arrangement at the Centre,
contrary to the Muslim demand, will leave the Muslims no alternative but to resist such
imposition by all possible means for their survival and national existence.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Foundations of Pakistan |publisher=National Publishing House LTD |editor-last=Pirzada |editor-first=Syed Sharifuddin |location=Karachi-Dacca |publication-date=1970 |pages=505–522}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shafique |first=Khurram |date=2018-11-14 |title=The Delhi Resolution 1946 |url=https://marghdeen.com/2016/07/delhi-resolution-1946/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Marghdeen |language=en-GB}}</ref>
</blockquote>

==Interpretation and Aftermath==

As with the Lahore Resolution, the interpretation of the Delhi Resolution is contested. Outwardly, the Delhi Resolution called for the creation of one unitary Pakistan and abrogated the Lahore Resolution. The Delhi Resolution solidified the notion and reality that Pakistan was going to be one state, not two or more states. Mirza Abol Hassan Ispahani affirms that it was in the interests of Muslim India to advocate for a unitary Pakistan. Ispahani also asserts that the use of the word 'states' in the Lahore Resolution was a typo corrected by the Delhi Resolution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ispahani |first=M.A.H. |title=Qaid-e-Azam Jinnah as I knew him |year=1967 |location=Karachi |pages=143–146}}</ref> [[Abul Hashim]] (then General Secretary of the [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]]) however claims he raised a voice of protest against Jinnah and the Muslim League Subject Committee regarding the change of the word 'states' in the Lahore Resolution to 'state'. Hashim then alleges that Jinnah dismissed it as a typo whilst assuring Hashim that he wanted one constituent assembly for the Muslims of India. Hashim claims he did not attend the Delhi legislator's convention as he would have allegedly been made (like Suhrawardy) to move the Resolution by Jinnah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hashim |first=Abul |title=In Retrospect |publisher=Bangladesh Co-Operative Book Society ltd |year=1998 |edition=2nd |location=Dhaka-Chittagong |pages=125–126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lahore Resolution - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lahore_Resolution |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> Nonetheless, Hashim was a lone voice of protest and any objection to the changing of the wording of the Delhi Resolution was overruled. Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman states that the Delhi Resolution changed the Lahore Resolution's mention of States given that he (and other AIML committee members) felt that Pakistan in the public consciousness "denoted one single State, federal and confederal" and also excluded the clause "with such territorial readjustments" that was in the Lahore Resolution.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khaliquzzaman |first=Chaudhry |title=Pathway to Pakistan |publisher=Longmans |location=Lahore |publication-date=1961 |pages=341}}</ref> Historians Shila Sen and Harun-or-Rashid make the argument that Suhrawardy was chosen to move the Resolution in order to bury controversy regarding the change of the word 'states' to 'state'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Shila |title=Muslim Politics in Bengal 1937-1947 |year=1976 |location=Delhi |pages=207–209}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashid |title=The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh |publisher=University Press Limited |year=2003 |location=Dhaka |pages=232–239}}</ref> However, in 1947, Suhrawardy and Hashim along with [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] and [[Kiran Shankar Roy]] advocated for the [[United Bengal]] scheme, which called for the establishment of a sovereign Bengal with equal and proportional representation between Hindus and Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hashim |title=In Retrospect |year=1998 |edition= |location=Dhaka-Chittagong |pages=172–173}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Rashid |title=The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh |publisher=University Press Limited |year=2003 |location=Dhaka |pages=Ch. 7}}</ref> However, due to opposition from the INC and AIML high command among other factors, the scheme failed, and hence the Partition of Bengal and creation of a unitary Pakistan was solidified.<ref name=":3" /> Thus, in August 1947, the Indian Independence Act would create the [[Dominion of India]] and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Independence Act, 1947 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/30/pdfs/ukpga_19470030_en.pdf |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=The National Archives UK}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Lahore Resolution]]
*[[Partition of India]]
*[[Pakistan Movement]]
*[[History of Pakistan]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:1940s in Delhi]]
[[Category:1946 in British India]]
[[Category:History of the All-India Muslim League]]
[[Category:Resolutions (law)]]

Archana Garodia Gupta

2025-06-30T08:05:22Z

Daljeetbhutal: creating some post initial version

{{Short description|Indian author and entrepreneur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
'''Archana Garodia Gupta''' is an Indian author, entrepreneur, business leader, and [[Quiz|quizzer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Archana Garodia Gupta"Biographies tend to paint unrealistic portraits |url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/books/archana-garodia-gupta-author-interview |access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref> She was the president of the [[FICCI]] Ladies Association in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ms. Archana Garodia Gupta took over as President of FLO from the outgoing President, Ms. Neeta Boochra |work=FICCI FLO |url=http://www.ficciflo.com/events/31st-flo-annual-session-indias-inclusive-growth-story-skilling-entrepreneurship-of-women/ |access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>
{{Infobox person
| name = Archana Garodia Gupta
| image = Archana Garodia Gupta.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], India
| education = [[Delhi University]] ([[BA Hons]]) [[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]] ([[MBA]])
}}

==Early life and education==

Archana was born in [[Kolkata]] and grew up in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Archana With TOI |work=The Times of India |date=13 November 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/speakers/archana-garodia-gupta/articleshow/66487858.cms |access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>

She did her schooling in [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School, Vasant Vihar]] and graduated from the [[Lady Shri Ram College|Lady Shri Ram College for Women]], [[Delhi University]], with a BA (Hons) in Economics in 1986. She did her MBA from the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]], in the top 15 of her class with a merit scholarship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Board of Governors At IIM Sirmour |url=https://www.iimsirmaur.ac.in/iims/iim/board-of-governors |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>

==Business career==

Archana Gupta owns and runs Touchstone, a successful gem and jewelry business, which is a pioneer of Indian [[costume jewelry]]. Touchstone has a pan Indian retail presence and also exports, primarily to the US and Europe.<ref>{{cite web |title=PenKonnect with Archana Garodia Gupta |url=https://penmancy.com/penkonnect-with-archana-garodia-gupta/ |access-date=15 December 2019}}</ref>

==Public sphere==

Archana was the President of FLO, the women’s wing of FICCI, the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry|Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]], in 2015- 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ms. Archana Garodia Gupta took over as President of FLO from the outgoing President, Ms. Neeta Boochra |work=FICCI FLO |url=http://www.ficciflo.com/events/31st-flo-annual-session-indias-inclusive-growth-story-skilling-entrepreneurship-of-women/ |access-date=8 April 2015}}</ref>

She has been working in the sphere of women’s development for the last two decades. Among other women empowerment initiatives promoted were Swayam, a handholding, mentoring, and consultancy cell nationwide for women, and a number of skilling and employment initiatives under the umbrella WE (Women Empowerment).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kalraj Mishra launches support cell 'SWAYAM' for women entrepreneurs |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/kalraj-mishra-launches-support-cell-swayam-for-women-entrepreneurs-115091100254_1.html}}</ref>

Archana Garodia Gupta has been the National Chair of the FICCI MSME Committee.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Chair of the FICCI MSME Committee |url=http://www.ficci.in/sector-chair-co-chair.asp?sectorid=36}}</ref> She is a member of the Brics Financial Committee from India, leading the SME Taskforce.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brics Financial Committee From India |url=https://fibac-india.com/ga16/ga16.pdf}}</ref>

She has been a spokesperson on behalf of FICCI in many national and international forums and for print and television.<ref>{{cite web |title=FICCI India VIDEO ON YOUTUBE | website=[[YouTube]] | date=15 March 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHg37atJ26Q}}</ref> She has been a key board member of the [[Noida]] Women Entrepreneurs Association for the last 20 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=ENTREPRENEUR INDIA 2013 KEY SPEAKER |url=https://www.entrepreneurindia.com/2013/speakers2013.php}}</ref> She helped promote a successful women’s industrial park along with the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh|UP Government]], Mahila Udyami Park, in [[Greater Noida]] in 1999. She is on the governing body of the [[Indian Institute of Management Sirmaur]].<ref>{{cite web |title=MEMBER-Board Of Governors @ IIM Sirmour |url=https://www.iimsirmaur.ac.in/iims/iim/board-of-governors}}</ref>

She is on the Board of Trustees and Governing Body of [[Indraprastha College for Women|I.P. College for Women]], [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Trustees and Governing Body of I.P. College for Women, Delhi University |url=https://penmancy.com/penkonnect-with-archana-garodia-gupta/}}</ref> Other posts held previously include being a member of the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] Committee, FICCI.<ref>{{cite web |title=SAARC Chamber of Commerce & Industry in Collaboration with SCWEC |url=https://www.scwec.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23}}</ref> She is widely traveled, both in her business capacity and as a speaker in international conferences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media - Global Symposiums 2016 Mumbai Bios |url=https://seejane.org/symposiums-on-gender-in-media/global-symposiums-2016-mumbai-bios/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=. Archana Garodia Gupta, forseti FLO, og Ólafur Stephensen, framkvæmdastjóri FA og Íslensk-indverska viðskiptaráðsins |date=29 September 2015 |url=http://www.atvinnurekendur.is/frettir/indverskar-athafnakonur-i-bodi-iiv/ |access-date=29 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SPAIN INDIA COUNCIL FUNDATION Diálogo FCEI |url=http://spain-india.org/en/media_gallery/dialogo_fcei_la_mujer_y_su_papel_en_la_politica_en_india_y_espana |access-date=30 October 2015}}</ref>

==Quizzing==

Archana has been quizzing since school and has won many competitions. She won the television quiz [[Mastermind India|BBC Mastermind India]] in 2001, which was conducted by [[Siddharth Basu]]. She won the Champion of Champions title for BBC Mastermind India in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archana Garodia Gupta, a Noida-based businesswoman, is Mastermind India 2001, the third woman winner of the BBC |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/noida-businesswoman-is-mastermind-india-2001_30143.html}}</ref>

She has been an expert for many episodes on the popular Indian television show ''[[Kaun Banega Crorepati]]'' hosted by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Kaun Banega Crorepati 11, Episode 54- Rajiv Makhni and Archana Garodia Gupta were today's experts |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kaun-banega-crorepati-11-episode-54-written-update-amitabh-bachchan-welcomes-virender-sehwag-dutee-c-2126036 |website=1 November 2019}}</ref> and 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amitabh Bachchan guides another contestant to a significant victory |work=Gossip Mantri |url=https://gossipmantri.com/amitabh-bachchan-guides-another-contestant-to-a-significant-victory/}}</ref> She conducts quizzes on a national and international level.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archana's Quizzes On National & International Level |date=25 July 2019 |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/the-right-answers-1.406262}}</ref>

==Literary career==

Archana Garodia Gupta is the coauthor, along with Shruti Garodia, of the bestselling two-volume ''A History of India for Children'' published by [[Hachette India|Hachette]], which was nominated for the [[Crossword Book Award|Crossword book award]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Crossword Book Award - Celebrating Indian Writing: 17TH YEAR |url=https://www.crosswordbookawards.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824221703/http://crosswordbookawards.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 August 2017}}</ref> and included in ''[[The Times of India]]'' list of "10 books every Indian child must read".<ref>{{cite web |title=10 books every Indian child must read BY TIMES OF INDIA-TNN |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/10-books-every-child-must-read/photostory/68377398.cms}}</ref> It comprehensively covers the [[history of India]] from [[Prehistory of India|prehistory]] to modern times.

She is also the author of ''The Women Who Ruled India'', which details the stories of 20 women who ruled in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Women Who Ruled India: Leaders. Warriors. Icons. |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/45732651-the-women-who-ruled-india}}</ref> She writes on retail, women’s issues, and history for newspapers and magazines.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Watertight Men - Outlook India Magazine |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-watertight-men/282338}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Leading the Way - Marwar India Magazine |url=http://www.marwar.com/leading-the-way/}}</ref> She co-writes the column "Revisiting History" in [[The Hindu|''The Hindu in School'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=Revisiting History THE HINDU |work=The Hindu |date=30 January 2020 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/bharatanatyam-of-their-choice/article30690970.ece}}</ref> She has written regular columns for [[The Indian Express|''Indian Express Parenting'']].<ref>{{cite web |title=Columns for Indian Express Parenting |date=4 October 2018 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/parenting/learning/history-paneer-makhani-world-indian-dish-5319434/}}</ref> She has written a column on [[Women in India|Women in Indian History]] for [[Swarajya (magazine)|''Swarajya'']] magazine. She has spoken at many literary festivals across the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Disha Literature Festival |url=https://dishaliteraturefestival.nlkschools.org/archana-garodia-gupta/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hyderabad Literary Festival 24-26 JAN 2020 |url=https://www.hydlitfest.org/speaker/archana-garodia-gupta/}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==

* Winner of [[Mastermind India|BBC Mastermind India]] TV Quiz, 2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Noida Businesswoman is Mastermind 2001 |work=The Times of India |date=January 2002 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Noida-businesswoman-is-Mastermind-India-2001/articleshow/916399354.cms}}</ref>
* Winner of Champion of Champions BBC Mastermind India TV Quiz, 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=Noida-based businesswoman, is Mastermind India 2001, the third woman winner of the BBC |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/noida-businesswoman-is-mastermind-india-2001_30143.html}}</ref>
* [[Bharat Nirman]] Award for Women Entrepreneurship<ref>{{cite web |title=12th Asiad Literature Festival was held at India International Centre |url=http://www.ismatimes.com/2020/02/26/12th-asiad-literature-festival-was-held-at-india-international-centre/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314110615/http://www.ismatimes.com/2020/02/26/12th-asiad-literature-festival-was-held-at-india-international-centre/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref>
* FLO IWAAF 2018 award for Outstanding Contribution for Mobilizing Women Entrepreneurs<ref>{{cite web |title=FLO Indian Women Artisans Awadh Festival - FLO IWAAF |url=http://www.ficciflo.com/flip/annual-report/2017-2018/FLO-ANNUAL-REPORT-2017-18.pdf}}</ref>
* Nominated for [[Crossword Book Award|Crossword Popular Choice Best Children’s Book]] 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Crossword Book Award |url=https://www.crosswordbookawards.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824221703/http://crosswordbookawards.com/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 24, 2017}}</ref>
* Selected in ''[[The Times of India]]'' "list of 10 books every Indian child must read"<ref>{{cite web |title=10 books every Indian child must read BY TIMES OF INDIA |work=The Times of India |date=2 June 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/photo-stories/10-books-every-child-must-read/photostory/68377398.cms}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Archana Garodia}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad alumni]]
[[Category:Lady Shri Ram College alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesswomen]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from Delhi]]
[[Category:Businesswomen from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Quiz championship players]]
[[Category:Indian jewellery designers]]
[[Category:Indian columnists]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:Indian business writers]]

Preeti Singh (director)

2025-06-03T23:22:59Z

Daljeetbhutal: new a bio v1

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Preeti Singh
| image = Preeti-Singh.jpg
| caption =
| years_active = 2012—present
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|5|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| birth_name =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|screenwriter}}
| known_for = ''[[Bollywood Diaries]]'', ''[[Aliya Basu Gayab Hai]]''
}}
'''Preeti Singh''' is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/aliya-basu-gayab-hai-director-preeti-singh-women-can-also-make-thrillers-and-actioners-23374078|title=Preeti Singh: 'Women can also make thrillers and actioners'|work=Midday|access-date=2024-08-11|language=en}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Film
! scope="col"| Director
! scope="col"| Writer
! scope="col"| Producer
|-
|2012 ||''[[Prague (2013 film)|Prague]]'' ||{{no}} || {{no}}|| {{partial|Executive producer}}
|-
|2016 ||''[[Bollywood Diaries]]'' ||{{no}} || {{no}} || {{partial|Co-producer}}
|-
|2016 ||''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' ||{{partial|Co-director}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|2016 ||''Dom (short film)'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
|2020 ||''The Lovers (short film)'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|-
|2024 ||''[[Aliya Basu Gayab Hai]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mayapuri.com/photos/entertainment/dashing-actor-salim-diwan-and-director-preeti-singh-addressed-media-in-national-capital-for-aliya-basu-gayab-hai-promotion-6845426|title=सलीम दीवान और निर्देशक प्रीति सिंह ने फिल्म से जुड़े कई रहस्य खोले |work=[[Mayapuri (magazine)|Mayapuri]]|access-date=2024-08-10|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/aliya-basu-gayab-hai-director-preeti-singh-jests-how-salim-diwan-was-bullied-on-set-i-couldnt-give-him-more-than-2-takes-7148488/|title='Aliya Basu Gayab Hai' Director Preeti Singh Jests How Salim Diwan was 'Bullied' on Set: 'I Couldn't Give Him More Than 2 Takes…' – Exclusive |work=[[India.com]]|access-date=2024-08-08|language=en}}</ref>|| {{yes}} || {{no}} ||{{no}}
|}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm8469296}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Preeti}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:People from Mathura]]

Niv Art Centre

2025-02-17T05:53:21Z

Daljeetbhutal: new some data needs work

{{Short description|Indian cultural organisation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name= Niv Art Centre
| logo=
| image= Niv Art Centre.jpg
| location= [[New Delhi]]
| country= [[India]]
| years_active = 2008–present
| founded= 2008
| genre= [[Art Gallery]]
| website= [http://nivartcentre.com]
}}

'''Niv Art Centre''' is an Indian Art and Cultural Organisation in [[New Delhi]], established in 2008.<ref>[http://myartguides.com/art-spaces/non-profit/niv-art-centre/ New Delhi - Art Spaces - Myartguides.com]</ref>
It is running an independent film festival in Kerala called [[Kazhcha-Niv Indie film Fest]] (KNIFF) along with [[Kazhcha Chalachithra Vedi]] called (KNIFF).<ref> [https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kniff-brings-the-best-of-indie-movies/article25679569.ece Cinema of substance at KNIFF 2018 - The Hindu ]</ref>

== Art exhibitions==
Niv Art Centre has been facilitating art exhibitions to young and established artists across the country.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/living-life-in-spirit-with-nature-and-art/article3749670.ece Living life in spirit with nature and art - The Hindu ]</ref>

==Art Gallery==
Niv Art Centre also has an art gallery which provide space for art exhibitions.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905215042/http://www.artnewsnviews.com/view-article.php?article=delhi-dias&iid=34&articleid=1044 Delhi Dias - artnewsnviews ]}}</ref> It had exhibited works of resident artists in Visual Arts Gallery, India Habitat centre, New Delhi. It has also conducted art exhibitions of works by international and Indian artists in association with [[Lalit Kala Akademi]].<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/ Art Beyond Boundaries - Pressreader ]</ref><ref>[http://worlduniversityofdesign.ac.in/school-of-visual-art.php SCHOOL OF VISUAL ART - worlduniversityofdesign ]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
[http://nivartcentre.com Official website]

[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]

Stribodh

2024-06-26T04:53:38Z

Daljeetbhutal: page updated

{{short description|Gujarati-language women's magazine}}
{{Infobox magazine|title=Stribodh|image_file=Stribodh magazine cover.jpg|image_caption=Cover page of ''Stribodh'' issue of February 1858 (vol. 2, no.2)|founder=K. N. Kabra|firstdate=1857|country=[[India]]|language=[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]|lastdate=1952}}{{italics title}}
'''''Stribodh''''' (Gujarati: સ્ત્રી બોધ; also transliterated as '''''Streebodh''''') was a monthly journal/magazine in [[Gujarati language]]. Founded in 1857 by a group of social reformers, the journal was one of the earliest magazines aimed at a women's audience in India.{{Efn|Shukla and a few other scholars have deemed ''Stribodh'' as the earliest journal/magazine aimed at a women's audience in India. However, ''[[Masik Patrika]]'', a monthly magazine launched by Bengali intellectuals [[Peary Chand Mitra]] and [[Radhanath Sikdar]], predated ''Stribodh'' by about three years and was particularly meant for women. It was launched in 1854 and folded up four years later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/supplements/a-pioneer-120402.html|title=A pioneer|date=2016-01-31|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8l_AgAAQBAJ|title=Representing Calcutta: Modernity, Nationalism and the Colonial Uncanny|last=Chattopadhyay|first=Swati|date=2005-09-20|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134289417|language=en|page=187}}</ref>|name=|group=}}

The magazine was launched to aid in the improvement of female education and improve the overall quality of female domestic life. Advocacy for social reforms was nearly absent, contrary to popular perceptions. It is primarily seen as a medium in conforming upper- and middle-class women to then-prevalent standards of Victorian morality.

It ceased publication in 1952.

== History ==
''Stribodh'' was established in January 1857 by a group of Parsi and Hindu social reformers:<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqTKDAAAQBAJ|title=Spiritual Despots: Modern Hinduism and the Genealogies of Self-Rule|last=Scott|first=J. Barton|date=2016-07-19|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226368672|pages=137|language=en|chapter=Guru is God|doi=10.7208/chicago/9780226368702.001.0001|s2cid=171240617}}</ref> Kaikhosro Nowroji Kabraji, editor of the progressive newspaper ''[[Rast Goftar]]'', along with businessman [[Mangaldas Nathubhoy]], lawyer [[Nanabhai Haridas]] (who would later become the first Indian justice of [[Bombay High Court]]), and [[Karsandas Mulji]], a social reformer.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Shukla|first=Sonal|date=1991|title=Cultivating Minds: 19th Century Gujarati Women's Journals|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1991/43/review-womens-studies-review-issues-specials/cultivating-minds-19th-century-gujarati|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=26|issue=43|pages=WS63–WS66|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4398214|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NsGG0s_HxH0C|title=Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 1845-1895|last=Ramanna|first=Mridula|date=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125023029|pages=12–13|language=en}}</ref> {{sister-inline|project=s|links=[[wikisource:Dictionary of Indian Biography/Bengali, Sorabji Shapurji|Sorabji Shapurji Bengali]]|short=yes}} played an important role as well.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=A Joint Enterprise: Indian Elites and the Making of British Bombay|last=Chopra|first=Preeti|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|year=2011|isbn=9780816670369|pages=96|chapter=The Biography of an Unknown Native Engineer|jstor=10.5749/j.ctttsrnj|doi=10.5749/minnesota/9780816670369.001.0001}}</ref> It was published from ''Duftur Ashkara Press''<ref name=":5" /> and was the earliest magazine directed towards a female audience in Gujarat.<ref name="Mehta2912">{{Cite book|title=Sāhityika Sāmayiko : Paramparā ane Prabhāva|publisher=Rannade Prakashan|isbn=978-93-82456-01-8|editor-last=Mehta|editor-first=Hasit|edition=1st|location=Ahmedabad|date=May 2012|pages=146–148|language=gu|script-title=gu:સાહિત્યિક સામયિકો : પરંપરા અને પ્રભાવ|trans-title=Literary Magazines : Tradition and Influence|oclc=824686453}}</ref>

From 1857 to 1863, the magazine was jointly edited by Beheramji Gandhi, Sorabaji Shapurji, Karsandas Mulji, Mangaldas Nathubhoy and Nanabhai Haridas.<ref name="Mehta2912" /> Karsandas was the editor from 1865 to 1867; thereafter, K.N. Kabra held the position until his death in 1904.<ref name=":2" /> It was later edited by his daughter Sirin (who was probably Gujarat's first gynecologist) until 1914,<ref name=":0" /> before his daughter-in-law Putlibai Jahangir Kabaraji took over.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Mehta2912" /> After Putlibai's death in 1941,<ref name="Mehta2912" /> [[Keshav prasad desai|Keshav Prasad Desai]] (who was already co-editing the magazine with Putlibai for the last few years) took over the entire business and editorship.<ref name=":2" />

It was discontinued in 1952.<ref name="Mehta2912"/>

== Readership ==
''Stribodh'' was primarily aimed at upper- and middle-class women of leisure, because males from those families were most open to primitive gender reforms due to their own dealings with varied elements of the [[British Raj]].<ref name=":2" />

The subscription fees were initially set at ₹3 per year but it was halved in 1914.<ref name="Mehta2912" /> In its initial years, it also gifted a book to the annual subscribers.<ref name="Mehta2912" />

== Contents ==

=== First issue ===
The preface to the first issue noted its core purpose was to aid in the improvement of female education and improve the overall quality of female domestic life.<ref name=":2" /> The journal was intended to be a good recreational read, which would help to inculcate a proper interest in reading and then follow up with introductory skills in a variety of menial tasks, so that rich women could spend their time creatively whilst poor women could contribute to the income in their household.<ref name=":2" />

=== General format ===
Issues usually had about 20-22 pages of [[Paper size#Common loose sizes|double-demy]] size{{Efn|Double-demy is a size of paper used in old England.}} and contained illustrated stories and articles ranging from fiction and poems to travelogues and discourses about historical events, inventions and everyday science.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> The motto, which was printed on the first page of every issue, was a quote from [[Napoleon]] and emphasized the role of female education in nation building.<ref name=":2" />

=== Authors ===
The prominent writers were primarily local Parsee businessmen and social reformers.<ref name=":2" /> Barring [[Dalpatram]], [[Narmad]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]] [Gujarati Encyclopedia]|year=2009|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|last=Harve|first=Punita|publisher=Gujarat Vishwakosh Trust|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=306–307|title=સ્ત્રીબોધ-1856 (માસિક)|language=gu|oclc=1062012502}}</ref> and few others, there was an absence of mainstream figures from the establishment of creative literature in their author roles; this was exacerbated with the increasing affinity of the literary establishment towards conservative cultural revivalism after the 1870s (since referred to as the [[Gujarati literature#Scholar Era or Govardhan Era (1885–1915 AD)|Pandit era]] in Gujarati literature).<ref name=":2" /> This is reflected in the magazine not being an accurate representation of contemporary vernacular literary styles.<ref name=":2" />

=== Themes ===
Most of the articles were designed to instill general moral values; vices of greed, vanity, laziness, disloyalty, superstitions et al. were denounced whilst the virtues of hard work, honesty et al. were praised.<ref name=":2" /> There were frequent pieces about being a "loving house-wife" or an "effective governess".<ref name=":2" /> An article that discussed the general necessity of women to preserve their youth garnered widespread popularity among readers.<ref name=":0" /> Other pieces offered instruction on domestic topics from sewing and embroidery to arranging furniture and using Western eating utensils.<ref name=":2" /> Some of the articles provided health advice (e.g. to menstruating women and pregnant mothers).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQPWCgAAQBAJ|title=The Changing Role of Women in Bengal, 1849-1905|last=Borthwick|first=Meredith|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1984|isbn=9780691628189|pages=161|chapter=Motherhood and Child Rearing|jstor=j.ctt17t75mq.13}}</ref>

Shukla notes that the magazine almost completely distanced itself from advocating for social reforms.<ref name=":2" /> During the heyday of advocacy for widow remarriage, a few fictional pieces published in ''Stribodh'' described the plight of widows in a negative tone, but nowhere was widow remarriage explicitly called for.<ref name=":2" /> There was similar lack of coverage of other contemporary issues of social reform, including [[Maharaj Libel Case|sexual exploitation]] of [[Devadasi|''devdasis'']], [[Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870|abolition of female infanticide]], [[Rukhmabai#"Restitution of conjugal rights" case by Bhikaji|restitution of conjugal rights in case of child marriage]] and raising the [[age of consent]] for sexual intercourse for all girls.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Thakkar|first=Usha|date=1997|title=Puppets on the Periphery: Women and Social Reform in 19th Century Gujarati Society|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1997/1-2/special-articles/puppets-periphery-women-and-social-reform-19th-century-gujarati|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=32|issue=1/2|pages=50|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4404966|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This was contrary to other publications by social reformers, aimed at a general (primarily upper-caste male) audience, which were vocal advocates for various social reforms and covered them extensively.<ref name=":2" /> All these issues were not mentioned in the magazine until years later, long after the issues had been conclusively settled.<ref name=":2" />

The fictional articles increased over the course of time, especially as European classics were adapted and serialized under Kabra's tutelage; this led to a considerable increase in readership.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Hansen|first=Kathryn|date=2016-07-01|title=Mapping Melodrama: Global Theatrical Circuits, Parsi Theater, and the Rise of the Social|journal=[[BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies]]|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|pages=22|doi=10.1177/0974927616635931|s2cid=148468329|issn=0974-9276}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Scholars have challenged the popular view of the magazine as an advocate for social reforms.<ref name=":2" /> In light of the aforementioned themes, scholars now deem ''Stribodh''{{'s}} primary purpose as to merely conform women to then-prevalent standards of patriarchy.<ref name=":2" /> It viewed women as deserving of chivalrous treatment from men but not fit enough to engage in public discourse about social reforms.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language magazines]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://dds.crl.edu/crldelivery/31087 Selected digitized volumes of Stribodh]

[[Category:1857 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language magazines]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1857]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1952]]
[[Category:Mass media in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1952 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Women's magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]