Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Kalyani Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T05:56:31Z

Curi Hospital: Creating stub!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kalyani
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Kalyani.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Kalyani Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangaon Lok Sabha constituency|Bangaon]]
| constituency_no = 92
| established = 2011
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Anupam Biswas]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| electors = 2,57,683
}}

'''Kalyani Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Nadia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 92 Kalyani Assembly constituency (SC) is composed of the following: [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]] municipality, [[Gayespur]] municipality and Chanduria II, Kanchrapara, Madanpur I, Madanpur II, Saguna, Sarati and Simurali [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Chakdaha (Community development block)|Kalyani]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Kalyani Assembly constituency is a part of [[Bangaon Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"ìÍĦĤĠčw
|-
! Election!!Member!!colspan=2|Party
|-
| colspan="4" align=center|'''Kalyani'''
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan=2|[[Ramendra Nath Biswas]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web| url =https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS2592.htm?ac=92|title = General Elections, India, 2021, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 May 2021}}</ref>
|[[Ambika Roy]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalyani}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Anupam Biswas|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=1,14,469|percentage=53.12|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dr. Atindra Nath Mondal|party=Trinamool Congress|votes=79,677|percentage=36.97|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sabuj Das|party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|votes=15,037|percentage=6.98|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Asimananda Majumder|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1453|percentage=0.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=RAMKRISHNA BARAI|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=692|percentage=0.32|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=SUBRATA DAS|votes=854|percentage=0.4|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Pulak Adhikari|votes=460|percentage=0.21|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=PRANKRISHNA BISWAS (BABU)|votes=267|percentage=0.12|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Biswajit Das|votes=338|percentage=0.16|change=}}{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above (India)|candidate=NOTA|votes=1939|percentage=0.9|change=}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 34,792
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =215506
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalyani<ref name=vidhansabha2021/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191202/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 |work = Kalyani| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2021}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ambika Roy]]
|votes = 97,026
|percentage = 44.04
|change = {{increase}}35.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Aniruddha Biswas
|votes = 94,820
|percentage = 43.03
|change = {{decrease}}7.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Sabuj Das
|votes = 22,165
|percentage = 10.06
|change = {{decrease}}26.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = 2,577
|percentage = 1.17
|change = {{decrease}}0.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Goutam Malo
|votes = 1,661
|percentage = 0.75
|change = {{decrease}}0.47
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Amit Kumar Das
|votes = 957
|percentage = 0.43
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)
|candidate = Sangram Biswas
|votes = 673
|percentage = 0.31
|change = {{decrease}}0.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Agniv Hira
|votes = 459
|percentage = 0.21
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 2,206
|percentage = 1.01
|change = {{decrease}}12.73
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,20,338
|percentage = 85.51
|change = {{increase}}3.76
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Kalyani<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191202/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2021 |work = Kalyani| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2021}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Ramendra Nath Biswas]]
|votes = 95,795
|percentage = 50.47
|change = {{decrease}}1.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Alokesh Das]]
|votes = 69,700
|percentage = 36.73
|change = {{decrease}}6.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ranajit Kumar Biswas
|votes = 15,710
|percentage = 8.28
|change = {{increase}}5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = 2,851
|percentage = 1.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = Biplab Majumdar
|votes = 2,355
|percentage = 1.24
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Tushar Kanti Biswas
|votes = 2,319
|percentage = 1.22
|change = {{decrease}}0.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)
|candidate = Samaresh Biswas
|votes = 1,058
|percentage = 0.56
|change = {{decrease}}1.11
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 26,095
|percentage = 13.74
|change = {{increase}}4.98
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,89,788
|percentage = 81.75
|change = {{decrease}}8.36
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, [[Ramendra Nath Biswas]] of the [[Trinamool Congress]] defeated his nearest rival Jyotsna Sikdar of CPI(M).
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Kalyani (SC) constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 2 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327191202/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=92| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 27 March 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Kalyani| publisher = Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Ramendra Nath Biswas]]
|votes = 92,322
|percentage = 51.55
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Jyotsna Sikdar
|votes = 76,632
|percentage = 42.79
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dipali Bharati
|votes = 4,478
|percentage = 2.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Party of Democratic Socialism (India)
|candidate = Mithu Podder
|votes = 2,995
|percentage = 1.67
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Pranita Roy
|votes = 2,681
|percentage = 1.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 15,690
|percentage = 8.76
|change = {{increase}}8.76
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,79,108
|percentage = 90.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Nadia district]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2011]]

Raakh

2026-05-06T15:00:36Z

Curi Hospital: Created First Pg W/ Infobox

{{About|the 1989 film|the Pakistani novel|Mustansar Hussain Tarar|the 2016 film|Raakh (2016 film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Raakh}}
| image = Raakh, 1989 Hindi film.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster (France)
| director = [[Aditya Bhattacharya]]
| producer = Asif Noor [[Sangeeth Sivan]] Aditya Bhattacharya
| writer = Aditya Bhattacharya Nuzhat Khan
| starring = [[Aamir Khan]] [[Supriya Pathak]] [[Pankaj Kapur]]
| music = '''Score:''' [[Ranjit Barot]]
| cinematography = [[Santosh Sivan]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1989|04|21}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = {{INRConvert|15|m|year=1989}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Aamir Khan Hits, Flops, Blockbusters : Box Office Analysis|date=February 2019 |url=http://www.talkingmoviez.com/aamir-khan-hits-flops-blockbusters-box-office-analysis/|publisher=Talking Moviez}}</ref>
}}
'''{{Lang|hi-latn|Raakh}}''' ({{translation|Ashes}}) is a 1989 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action film|action crime]] film<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/aamir-khans-film-raakh-to-re-release-316342.html|title=Aamir Khan's film Raakh to re-release|website=[[News18]]|date=18 May 2009 |quote=The action flick is a about a young man who takes on the system after the brutal rape of his girlfriend.}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/story/aamir-s-raakh-eyes-ride-on-ghajini-success-48827-2009-05-28|title=Aamir"s Raakh eyes ride on Ghajini success|magazine=[[India Today]]|quote=The makers of the 1989 box-office dud are planning to cash in on Ghajini's success and re-release the action film. So Raakh will be making its way out of the archives for digitally re-mastering.
}}</ref> directed by [[Aditya Bhattacharya]], starring [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Supriya Pathak]] in the lead roles with [[Pankaj Kapur]], Gajanan Bangera and [[Jagdeep]].

The film was Aamir Khan's first movie after ''[[Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak]]'' and it received much critical acclaim and subsequently three [[National Film Awards]] in 1989 and developed a considerable following over the years.<ref>{{cite web |title='Raakh' revisited: From the ashes of time, a cult movie starring Aamir Khan as a lone hitman|url=https://scroll.in/reel/872412/raakh-revisited-from-the-ashes-of-time-a-cult-movie-starring-aamir-khan-as-a-lone-hitman|publisher=Scroll.in|date=18 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Aamir never wanted to be an actor' |url=http://movies.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/jun/03/slide-show-1-aditya-bhattacharya-on-raakh.htm|date=3 June 2009 |publisher=[[Rediff]] Movies}}</ref><ref>[http://passionforcinema.com/raakh-1989-an-experimental-film-about-crime-and-revenge/ Movie Review: Raakh (1989): A stylish film about Crime and revenge!] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724001348/http://passionforcinema.com/raakh-1989-an-experimental-film-about-crime-and-revenge/ |date=24 July 2009 }} 3 April 2007.</ref> The film also marked the Bollywood debut of ace cinematographer [[Santosh Sivan]] and film editor [[A. Sreekar Prasad]].<ref name=cn>{{cite news |title=Aamir asks fans not to watch his film Raakh |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-asks-fans-not-to-watch-his-film-raakh/93937-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605063352/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-asks-fans-not-to-watch-his-film-raakh/93937-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2009 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=2 Jun 2009 }}</ref>

==Plot==
As declared in the subtitles of the opening scene, the events of the film take place in a big city in India. After the police riots of 1990, the State Forces were disbanded and replaced by a central one. The police now had more powers. The crime rate continued to escalate. In the wealthier quarters of the city, though, life went on... but it was an uneasy calm.

Aamir ([[Aamir Khan]]) had just turned 21. He is from a rich family. The only colour in his otherwise mundane life was his obsession for Neeta, an older, more pragmatic woman, who likes him, but does not share his plans for their future.

One night, on their way back from a party, Neeta is molested by a local crime boss, Hassan Karmali, and Amir intervenes violently. On their way back home in their car, they are intercepted by Karmali, and his goons, and Karmali rapes Neeta, with Aamir watching helplessly. Unknown to Aamir, an off-duty police officer is a silent witness to the incident. Frustrated, possessed by impotent rage and a sense of injustice, Aamir has to find release. He leaves home... he turns to Sub-Inspector Kapoor – the silent witness. Kapoor, pretending to be unaware of the incident, agrees to help Aamir, as, in spite of dancing to their tunes, Kapoor hates the Karmalis and his inability to act against them. (Years ago, Kapoor had taken on the Karmali clan, an unwise move that nearly destroyed his career.)

Aamir now feels he has a friend. Till one day, realising the truth, he is shattered. Soon after, S.I. Kapoor is suspended after he loses control in front of his superiors at a party thrown by Karmali and tries to shoot him. His life begins to spiral downwards. Now alone, frightened, without a job, and with nothing to lose, he sees in Aamir the means to fulfill his dark, unresolved dreams, which have by now taken the form of an obsession.

Together they set about eliminating their common enemy – members of the dreaded Karmali family. Kapoor, the embittered cop, becomes a dark mentor to the innocent but fearless Aamir. Neeta, unaware of the changes in Aamir's life, has decided to put her past behind her. She begins, slowly but painfully, to reconstruct her life.

Meanwhile, Aamir slips into a vortex of terrifying violence – a road to certain doom. While the first murder he commits drives Amir almost crazy with guilt, slowly, he gets used to it and even starts enjoying it. Theirs is a war with no victors, a battle that has no glory. Amidst the lies of a logical life, sometimes the only truth is in madness, in losing control. Finally, Kapoor and Aamir manage to corner Karmali at his sister's wedding. As Kapoor shoots Karmali dead, he is shot at and killed by one of his corrupt ex-colleagues. After Kapoor dies in his arms, Aamir picks up his gun and supposedly shoots down the corrupt cop. The last scene once again returns to the opening sequence, where Aamir, now on death row, contemplates the events of his short and poignant life.

==Cast==
* [[Aamir Khan]] - Amir Hussein
* [[Supriya Pathak]] - Neeta
* [[Pankaj Kapur]] - Inspector P.K.
* [[Jagdeep]] - Ustad
* Gajanan Bangera - Inspector
* Naina Balsaver - Naina
* Homi Wadia - Hassan Karmali
* [[Madhukar Toradmal]] - Karmali Seth

==Crew==
* Art Direction – [[Partho Sengupta]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Quick Takes|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990409/ile09095.html |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |date=9 April 1999}}</ref>

==Re-release==
This film was to be re-released in theatres in India on 12 June 2009 after 20 years with digitally re-mastered prints, by the film producers together with [[Palador Pictures]].<ref name=":0" /> It was to be followed by DVD release in August 2009.<ref name=":0" /> The scheduled re-release eventually did not happen due to certain undisclosed reasons, ostensibly because it fell during a producer-multiplex owner standoff during the period.<ref>{{cite news |title=Don't watch Raakh: Aamir |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Dont-watch-Raakh-Aamir/articleshow/4597188.cms |newspaper=[[Times Of India]] |date=1 June 2009}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Aamir Khan's film Raakh to re-release |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-khans-film-raakh-to-rerelease/92889-8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521133449/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aamir-khans-film-raakh-to-rerelease/92889-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 May 2009 |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=18 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Aamir's 'Raakh' to be re-launched during ongoing stalemate|url=http://www.screenindia.com/news/aamirs-raakh-to-be-relaunched-during-ongoing-stalemate/466635/|date=27 May 2009|magazine=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120918220431/http://www.screenindia.com/news/aamirs-raakh-to-be-relaunched-during-ongoing-stalemate/466635/|archive-date=18 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Awards==
'''[[36th National Film Awards]]:'''

'''Won'''
* [[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Pankaj Kapur]]
* [[National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)|Special Mention (Feature Film)]] – [[Aamir Khan]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]] – [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]

; [[35th Filmfare Awards]]<nowiki>:</nowiki>

'''Nominated'''

* [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] – [[Aamir Khan]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]] – [[Pankaj Kapur]]
* [[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]] – [[Aditya Bhattacharya]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0290820}}

[[Category:1989 Indian films]]
[[Category:1989 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1980s crime action films]]
[[Category:1989 action thriller films]]
[[Category:1989 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1989 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor National Film Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ranjit Barot]]
[[Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian rape and revenge films]]

Anita Ratnam

2026-04-26T14:36:46Z

Curi Hospital: Adding New Pg

{{Short description|Indian classical and contemporary dancer and choreographer}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anita Ratnam
| image = Pressegespräch zum Festival Ramayana in Performance im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum-9095.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Ratnam, 2012 in Cologne
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|05|21}}
| birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[Madras State]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| education = [[Kalakshetra]]
| alma_mater =
| years_active =
| known_for = Director, Arangham Interactive, [[Chennai]]
| occupation = {{hlist|dancer| choreographer|actress}}
| website = [http://www.anitaratnam.com/ www.anitaratnam.com]
}}

'''Anita Ratnam''' (born 21 May 1954) is an Indian [[Indian classical dance|classical]] and contemporary dancer and choreographer. Classically trained in [[Bharat Natyam]], she has also received formal training in [[Kathakali]], [[Mohiniattam]], and [[tai chi]] and [[Kalarippayattu]], thus creating a dance style which she has coined "Neo Bharatam".<ref>{{cite news |title= Potent rasa |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2007/08/17/stories/2007081750070300.htm |publisher=[[Business Line]] |date=17 August 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Stirs the intellect: Anita Ratnam does it, with her holistic approach to choreography, the spoken word, sets, lighting design and costumes. |url=http://www.hindu.com/ms/2008/01/04/stories/2008010450200800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109204321/http://www.hindu.com/ms/2008/01/04/stories/2008010450200800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 January 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dance diva waltzes on: Anita Ratnam has struck a fine balance between the commercial and aesthetic components of her art |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/03/15/stories/2005031500740100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 March 2005 |access-date=30 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105142135/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2005/03/15/stories/2005031500740100.htm |archive-date=5 January 2010 |url-status=usurped |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Education and training==
Anitha Rathnam had her initial dance training under [[Bharatanatyam]] guru, [[Adyar K. Lakshman]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Singing paeans to a guru |url= http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/article69923.ece|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=25 December 2009 }}</ref> and later went to [[Rukmini Devi Arundale]]'s '[[Kalakshetra]]' for advanced training and earned a Post graduate diploma in Dance. She trained in [[Bharatanatyam]] as well as [[Kathakali]] and [[Mohiniattam]], the classical dances of Kerala.<ref>[http://www.webindia123.com/personal/dancer/anita.htm Anita Ratnam]</ref>

==Career==
[[File:Pressegespräch zum Festival Ramayana in Performance im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum-9131.jpg|thumb|Anita Ratnam, Festival "[[Ramayana]] in Performance" in the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Cologne, 2012]]
She did her MA in theatre and television from the [[University of New Orleans]], and spent the next ten years as a television producer/commentator in the United States with productions including a weekly series on art, travel and culture in India. She set up Arangham Trust, in 1992 in Chennai, followed by Arangham Dance Theatre, a performance company in 1993.<ref>{{cite book |title= New directions in Indian dance|last=Kothari |first=Sunil |author-link=Sunil Kothari |year=2003 |publisher=Marg Publications on behalf of the National Centre for the Performing Arts|page=186 }}</ref><ref name=cla>{{cite web |title= Interview:'I Call Myself A Contemporary Classicist...'|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?222385 |date=17 December 2003|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] }}</ref>

She has also appeared in some Tamil movies over the years, such as ''[[Kandukondain Kandukondain]]'' (2000) and ''[[Boys (2003 film)|Boys]]'' (2003).

==Choreographies==
* A Map to the Next World (1997), With Native American poet Joy Harjo
* Inner World (1998); with Pangea World Theatre in Minneapolis
* Daughters of the Ocean (1999); with writer Shobita Punja
* Dust (2002), with Mark Taylor of Dance Alloy, Pittsburgh, USA.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spirituality in dance: Popular danseuse Anita Ratnam in partnership with Mark Taylor.. |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/04/stories/2002120400330100.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=4 December 2002 |access-date=30 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202111908/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2002/12/04/stories/2002120400330100.htm |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=usurped |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* Hyphenated (2002), for Toronto's Lata Pada.
* Seven Graces (2005), with Canada-based Hari Krishnan
* Vortext (2006), with Canadian dance artist Peter Chin
* MA3KA (2009).<ref name=pro>[http://www.4to40.com/legends/index.asp?id=950 Anita Ratnam: Classical dancer & Choreographer Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416045336/http://www.4to40.com/legends/index.asp?id=950 |date=16 April 2008 }}</ref><ref name=ma>{{cite news |title=Celebrating woman power|url= http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/article72341.ece|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 December 2009 }}</ref>

==Awards==

Anita Ratnam has received several awards and recognition for her work in the performing arts in India and abroad.
Some of them are:

[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2016) by [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] for contemporary dance<ref>{{Cite web| title=ANITA R RATNAM Akademi Award: Contemporary Dance | url=https://www.sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Anita_R_Ratnam.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628034503/https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Anita_R_Ratnam.pdf | archive-date=2022-06-28}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Anita Ratnam}}
* {{Official website|http://www.anitaratnam.com}}
* [http://www.arangham.com/index.html Arangham Trust, website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ratnam, Anita}}
[[Category:Artists from Madurai]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:University of New Orleans alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women choreographers]]
[[Category:Indian choreographers]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:Performers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Kalakshetra Foundation alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

Williamnagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:40Z

Curi Hospital: Done...

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Williamnagar
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Williamnagar Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 43
| mla = [[Marcuise Marak]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:37359}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Williamnagar''' is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of [[Meghalaya]], a north east state of [[India]]. This constituency falls under [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="election">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/william-nagar.html |title= Williamnagar (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=22 March 2018}}</ref> It is part of the [[East Garo Hills district|East Garo Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. The current MLA from this constituency is [[Marcuise Marak]] of [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/ |title=Meghalaya Assembly Election 2018 Result |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/politics/williamnagar-by-election-npp-candidate-marcuise-marak-wins-meghalaya-assembly-bypolls-1734635.html Williamnagar By-Election: NPP Candidate Marcuise Marak Wins Meghalaya Assembly Bypolls]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || Deborah C Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Marcuise Marak|Marcuise N Marak]]|| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Williamnagar<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Marcuise Marak|Marcuise N Marak]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=10,976 |percentage=37.35% |change={{decrease}}0.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Deborah C. Marak|party=Indian National Congress|votes=7,133|percentage=24.28%|change={{increase}}6.35}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Rudreswar Ch. Momin|party=Independent politician|votes=5,137|percentage=17.48%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Alphonsush R. Marak|party=All India Trinamool Congress|votes=4,809|percentage=16.37%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Robinus T Sangma|party=Janata Dal (United)|votes=733|percentage=2.49%|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Raknang Ch. Momin|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=457|percentage=1.56%|change={{decrease}}1.87}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the Above|party=None of the above|votes=366|percentage=1.25%|change={{increase}}0.15}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,843 |percentage=13.08% |change= {{decrease}}6.29 }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=29,383|percentage=78.65%|change={{increase}}0.12}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 37,359 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.50 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{decrease}}0.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Williamnagar<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Marcuise N Marak |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,656 |percentage=38.02% |change={{increase}}15.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sengbath R Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=4,736 |percentage=18.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deborah C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,554 |percentage=17.93% |change={{decrease}}21.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Krinilla R Marak |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,040 |percentage=15.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh R. Marak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=870 |percentage=3.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lahatson N Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=512 |percentage=2.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahamsing M. Sangma |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=511 |percentage=2.01% |change={{decrease}}11.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=279 |percentage=1.10% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,920 |percentage=19.37% |change= {{increase}}6.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,400 |percentage=78.53% |change= {{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,345 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Williamnagar<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Deborah C Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,402 |percentage=39.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jonathone N Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=5,525 |percentage=25.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Marcuise N Marak |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,771 |percentage=22.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh R Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,839 |percentage=13.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,877 |percentage=13.36% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,537 |percentage=80.70% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,687 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Williamnagar]]
* [[East Garo Hills district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:East Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Sri Renukaji Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:35:27Z

Curi Hospital: Made

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sri Renukaji
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 57
| map_image = 57-Sri Renukaji constituency.svg
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency|Shimla]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:74365}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Sri Renukaji''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]]. It is also part of [[Shimla Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Sri Renukaji Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/sri-renukaji.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 1, 2017 }}</ref> It was established in 2008.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=3| [[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]] ||rowspan=3|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]<ref name=election2017/>
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Renukaji}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,642 |percentage=47.99% |change={{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Narain Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=27,782 |percentage=46.55% |change={{increase}}14.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagmohan Singh |party=Rashtriya Devbhumi Party |votes=2,092 |percentage=3.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Kishan |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=686 |percentage=1.15% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=485 |percentage=0.81% |change={{decrease}}0.87 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=860 |percentage=1.44% |change= {{decrease}}8.38 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=59,687 |percentage=80.26% |change= {{increase}}0.31 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,365 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.16 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Renukaji<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,028 |percentage=41.93% |change={{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,868 |percentage=32.11% |change={{decrease}}14.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hirdaya Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=12,069 |percentage=22.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=885 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,160 |percentage=9.82% |change= {{increase}}8.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,540 |percentage=79.95% |change= {{increase}}3.77 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,716 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.08 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Sri Renukaji}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vinay Kumar (politician)|Vinay Kumar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,332 |percentage=48.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hirdaya Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,677 |percentage=46.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satpal |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,531 |percentage=3.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=784 |percentage=1.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=655 |percentage=1.47% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=44,433 |percentage=76.18% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,325 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Sirmour district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|30.6|77.44|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sirmaur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Courtney Terrell

2026-04-19T03:40:35Z

Curi Hospital: created info

{{short description|British Indian judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Courtney Terrell
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[List of former chief justices of the high courts of India#Patna High Court|3rd Chief Justice]] of [[Patna High Court]]
| term_start = 31 March 1928
| term_end = 6 May 1938
| nominator = 
| appointer = [[George V]]
| predecessor = Thomas Fredrick Dawson Miller
| successor = {{ubl|[[Arthur Trevor Harries]]|[[Syed Fazl Ali]] ''(acting)''}}
| birth_date = {{dts|1881||}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1938|5|17|1881|df=y}}
| children = Richard Terrell
| parents = Thomas Terrell and Emma Terrell
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
}}
'''Sir Courtney Terrell''' (1881—17 May 1938) was a British Indian Judge and former [[List of Chief Justices of the Patna High Court|Chief Justice of the Patna High Court]].

== Career ==
Terrell was born in 1881, the eldest son of Thomas Terrell, KC and Emma Terrell. He was appointed as the Chief Justice of [[Patna High Court]] on 31 March 1928 and stayed in the post for ten years almost until his death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://patnahighcourt.gov.in/Judges_RET_CJ.aspx|title=LIST OF RETIRED CHIEF JUSTICE|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vf4jAwAAQBAJ&q=sir+courtney+terrell+justice+patna&pg=PT284|title=Justice, Judocracy and Democracy in India: Boundaries and Breaches|last=Sudhanshu Ranjan|date=21 March 2014|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317809777|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref> Sir Courtney Terrell was known and respected for his legal decisions and his love of the Indian people. Terrell visited [[Japan]] during his judgeship.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4IyQSjlObs8C&q=sir+courtney+terrell+justice+patna&pg=PA299|title=History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in South Asia / Indian Subcontinent|last=William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi|date=December 2010|publisher=Soyinfo Center |isbn=9781928914310|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref> He died in 1938 from abdominal cancer. His son Richard Terrell wrote a book ''The Chief Justice'' describing his life in [[British India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Terrell |first1=Richard |title=The Chief Justice: A Portrait from the Raj |date=1979 |publisher=M. Russell |isbn=978-0-85955-071-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5v08AQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.balean.net/terrell.html|title=Terrell Family Name|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=January 18, 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Terrel, Courtney}}
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:British India judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Judges of the Calcutta High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Patna High Court]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Members of Gray's Inn]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

Rajpalsinh Jadav

2026-04-11T20:39:28Z

Curi Hospital: Created New Entry Added Tags...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Panchmahal Lok Sabha constituency]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Ratansinh Rathod]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1982|7|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Raysingpura, Vadodara, Gujarat
| spouse = Bhartiben Jadav (m.7 May 1998)
| parents = Mahendrasinh, Shardaben
| children = Pradhyumansinh , Jayrajsinh
}}
'''Rajpalsinh Mahendrasinh Jadav''' is an [[Indian politician]] from [[Kalol, Gandhinagar|Kalol]], Gujarat. He was elected as a Member of Parliament from [[Panchmahal Lok Sabha constituency]]. He belongs to [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajpalsinh Mahendrasinh Jadav , BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Rajpalsinh Mahendrasinh Jadav , Lok Sabha Constituency Seat - NDTV.com |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-candidates-2024/rajpalsinh-mahendrasinh-jadav-06018-1 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Quint |first=The |date=2024-06-04 |title=Panchmahal Election Result 2024 Live Updates: BJP's Rajpalsinh Mahendrasinh Jadav Has Won This Lok Sabha Seat |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/panchmahal-election-result-2024-live-updates-counting-of-votes-gujarat-lok-sabha-seat-latest-news |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Panchmahal Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Lok Sabha Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MP, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/panchmahal-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-lok-sabha-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mp-margin-8917564.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ex-local body heads {{!}} High jumpers">{{cite news|last1=India Today|title=Ex-local body heads {{!}} High jumpers|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-local-body-heads-high-jumpers-2565844-2024-07-13|accessdate=31 July 2024|date=13 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731162655/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/18th-lok-sabha-the-debutants/story/20240722-ex-local-body-heads-high-jumpers-2565844-2024-07-13|archivedate=31 July 2024|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadav, Rajpalsinh}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1982 births]]

{{Gujarat-BJP-politician-stub}}

R. K. Kohli

2026-04-11T20:10:02Z

Curi Hospital: Created First Details W/ Refs...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = R. K. Kohli
| image = Prof. R. K. Kohli VC Amity University Mohali Punjab.jpg
| image size =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| president =
| predecessor2 = Dr. A. S. Grewal
| successor2 =
| order2 = Vice-Chancellor, Amity University Punjab, Mohali, India
| office2 =
| term_start2 = 22 August 2020
| term_end2 = August 2025
| order3 = Vice-Chancellor, [[Central University of Punjab]]
| office3 =
| successor3 = Prof.[[Raghavendra P. Tiwari]]
| predecessor3 = Prof.Jai Rup Singh
| term_start3 = 5 September 2014
| term_end3 = 20 August 2020
| office4 = Vice-Chancellor, [[DAV University]], Jalandhar
| term_start4 = 13 April 2013
| term_end4 = 4 September 2014
| predecessor4 = ''Position Established''
| successor4 = Dr Ashok K Paul
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age |df=yes|1953|12|02}}
| birth_place = Gurgaon (Now Gurugram)
| birth_name = Baboo
| party =
| spouse = Dr Kumkum Kohli
| partner = 
| relations =
| children = 2 sons
| parents =
| alma_mater = Panjab University, CUP Bathinda, DAVC Jalandhar
| occupation = Professor, Vice-Chancellor
| profession = Teaching, Administration
| website = {{Cite web |title=Professor R. K. Kohli |url=http://www.rkkohli.com/ |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.rkkohli.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
Prof. '''R. K. Kohli''' (born 2 December 1953) is an Indian educational administrator. He is Vice-Chancellor of Amity University Punjab, Mohali since August 22, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amity University Punjab |url=https://www.amity.edu/mohali/faculty.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302022019/https://amity.edu/mohali/faculty.aspx |archive-date=2022-03-02 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.amity.edu}}</ref> Prior to joining Amity University, Mohali. He worked as the 2nd Vice-chancellor of [[Central University of Punjab|Central University Punjab]] (2014–20).<ref>{{Cite web |author=Neel Kamal |date=Sep 7, 2014 |title=Prof RK Kohli takes over as vice chancellor of Central University of Punjab {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/prof-rk-kohli-takes-over-as-vice-chancellor-of-central-university-of-punjab/articleshow/41939098.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909165250/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Prof-RK-Kohli-takes-over-as-vice-chancellor-of-Central-University-of-Punjab/articleshow/41939098.cms |archive-date=2014-09-09 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> He has also worked as the founder Vice Chancellor of [[DAV University]], Jalandhar (2013–14).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Vice Chancellors |url=https://www.davuniversity.org/university/former-vice-chancellors.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208145856/https://www.davuniversity.org/university/former-vice-chancellors.aspx |archive-date=2022-02-08 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.davuniversity.org}}</ref> He has 47 years of experience in teaching and research since July 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Job Experience |url=http://www.rkkohli.com/details/job-experience.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517042903/http://www.rkkohli.com/details/job-experience.aspx |archive-date=2021-05-17 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.rkkohli.com}}</ref> He is an elected Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]], New Delhi (2011), The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bengaluru (2010), [[National Academy of Sciences, India|the National Academy of Sciences]] (India), Allahabad (now Prayagraj) (2004), [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]], New Delhi, (2005), National Environmental Science Academy, New Delhi (2003). '''Certified Senior Ecologist by Board of Professional Certification, ESA, USA, since''' 2005 (4th term of 5 years). Member Executive Council, International Union of Biological Sciences, France.

Consecutively for the 3rd year, Ranked among the top 2% of scientists in the world as per Stanford University USA & Elsevier.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 2% of scientists in the world as per Stanford University USA | date=2022 | doi=10.17632/btchxktzyw.4 |url=https://elsevier.digitalcommonsdata.com/datasets/btchxktzyw/4?fbclid=IwAR0u4xhKMuKGIsi_prZLxOIOaMPzV-LNCmoIlDYua90eybIVIyE6Sl70vyc | author1=Jeroen Baas | volume=4 | publisher=Elsevier BV }}</ref>

Vide Research.com, Ranked 472 in the world & 9th in India among the Best Scientists in Plant Sciences & Agronomy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Best Scientists in Plant Sciences & Agronomy |url=https://research.com/scientists-rankings/plant-science-and-agronomy/in}}</ref>

==Education==
Kohli did his Doctoral research on 'Physiological and Biochemical Changes during Floral Initiation in Amaranthus"' in 1979 GNDU Amritsar.<ref>{{Cite thesis |publisher=NDRI |date=1979 |place=Karnal |language=English |first=R. K |last=Kohli |title=Studies on scraped surface heat exchanger for making ghee |oclc=697166346}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}
1 '''Prof Birbal Sahni Medal Award, 2022''' (Indian Botanical Society (Estd. 1920) for exemplary research in Botany.

2 The most prestigious '''JC Bose National Fellowship''' of the Government of India, for the 2nd term of 5 years since 2017.

3 '''Government of Haryana's''' Best Scientist Award for 2008-09, cash award Rs 1 lac, a citation and trophy.

4 '''B.P. Pal National Environment Fellow – 2001 ''Union Ministry of Environment & Forests''''' (highest award of MoEF).

5 '''State Honour for Teaching and Research in Environment from UT Chandigarh Government''', 1998.

6 '''Chairman, State Expert Appraisal Committee''' for Environmental clearances developmental activities, Chandigarh.

7 Awarded '''SAARC Chair''' in Chittagong University, Bangladesh, 2007-08.

8 '''Adjunct Professor, ''Chinese Academy of Sciences''''', ''China at the XTBG, for 2 years 2007–2009''.

9 '''Punjab Rattan Award''' for Environment Science and Education, 2007-08.

10 '''Dr. K.K. Nanda Memorial Oration Lecture Award''' at Dopoli Maharashtra, 2007.

11 Dr. I.S. Grover Memorial Oration Lecture Award at GNDU, Amritsar (2023).

12 '''''Vijay Shree Award for Best Scientist, New Delhi''''', 2006.

13 '''Nanda Memorial National Young Scientist Gold Medal Award for Research in Forestry''', 1988.

14 '''Felicitations at the International Conference on Environment and Biodiversity''' at Delhi University, 2008.

15 '''Gregor Mendel Medal awarded''' in Brno, Czechoslovakia, 1979.

16 '''UNESCO-WHO Post-doctoral Fellowship''' at Institute of Experimental Botany, Praha, Czechoslovakia 1978–79.

==Books==
* {{Cite book|last1=Batish |first1=Daizy R |last2= Kohli |first2=Ravinder K|last3= Singh |first3=Harminder Pal |title=Allelopathy in agroecosystems |date=2001 |publisher=Food Products Press |isbn=1-56022-090-2 |oclc=248170337}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Kohli |first1=R.K. |last2=Jerath|first2= N. (Neelima)|last3=Batish |first3=D. (Daizy R.)|title=Some facets of biodiversity |date=1996 |publisher=Society of Environmental Scientists and Punjab State Council for Science & Technology |isbn=81-86657-00-2 |oclc=34943997}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Bawa |first1=Rajan |last2=Khosla |first2=P K |last3=Kohli |first3=R K |title=Forestry improvement |date=1995 |publisher=Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh |isbn=81-211-0121-2 |oclc=35319096}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Jose |first1=Shibu |last2=Singh |first2=Harminder Pal |last3=Batish |first3=D |last4=Kohli |first4=R. K. |title=Invasive plant ecology |date=2013 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4398-8126-2 |language=English |oclc=1204882816}}
*"The Odyssey of An Experimental Ecologist" R. K. Kohli, 2024, Author: [[Beenu Rajpoot]], {{ISBN|978-93-5886-332-1}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Beenu Rajpoot's new book reveals the Odyssey of an Experimental Ecologist |url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/beenu-rajpoots-new-book-reveals-the-odyssey-of-an-experimental-ecologist/81878475.html |website=Ahmedabad Mirror |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kohli, R. K.}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Writers from Haryana]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Scholars from Haryana]]
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

Satyagraha movement in Goa

2026-04-02T19:44:15Z

Curi Hospital: Made...

{{Short description|Resistance movement in Goa}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Satyagraha movement in Goa
| image = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 350
| image1 =
| image2 =
}}Photographs taken during the Satyagraha movement
| date = 1946 – August 15, 1955
| place = [[Goa]], [[India]]
| result =
| partof = [[Decolonisation of Asia]]
| territory =
| combatant1 = {{tree list}}
*{{flagcountry|Estado Novo (Portugal)}}
**{{flagicon|Estado Novo (Portugal)}} [[Portuguese India|State of India]]{{tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = {{tree list}}
*{{flag|India}}
**{{flagicon|India}} [[Satyagraha]]{{tree list/end}}
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Estado Novo (Portugal)}} [[António de Oliveira Salazar]] {{flagicon|Estado Novo (Portugal)}} [[Paulo Bénard Guedes]] {{small|(governor)}}
| commander2 = {{flagicon|India}} [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] {{flagicon|India}} [[Tridib Chaudhuri]] {{flagicon|India}} S. M. Nandekar {{flagicon|India}} [[Sahodrabai Rai]]{{WIA}} {{flagicon|India}} Kamal Singh{{KIA}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}
The '''Satyagraha movement in Goa''' was a resistance movement against [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule in Goa]], from 1946 to 1955.

==Background==
After [[India]] gained independence in August 1947, the movement for the liberation of the French and Portuguese pockets on the subcontinent grew. The Portuguese however ignored the demands for independence from both Indians and [[Goans]], continuing to hold onto their colonies despite the growing decolonization movements. In February 1950, the [[Government of India]] suggested holding a referendum under United Nations supervision to decide the future of these Portuguese territories, but Portugal rejected the idea of transferring sovereignty. This created a tense struggle between [[Lisbon]] and [[New Delhi]].{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=71}}

The [[Satyagraha]] movement in [[Goa]], which began in 1946, continued intermittently until India became independent. The hopes for a peaceful settlement were vanished when Goan nationalists came to know of the Portuguese reply to India's first [[Aide-mémoire|''aide memoire'']].{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=71}}

In 1953, the desire for liberation grew, and a number of small, scattered nationalist organizations came together, forming the Goa action committee. The committee became the coordinating body for the various nationalist groups and began to prepare for a larger campaign aimed at achieving freedom.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=71}}

Following the success of the [[annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] in August 1954, the Gandhian Goan freedom fighters in Bombay announced the satyagraha movement from 15 August 1954.{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

==Movement struggle==
===August 15, 1954===
With support from the [[Praja Socialist Party]], arrangements were all made when Prime Minister Nehru declared that Indians would not be permitted to join the march, fearing that Pakistani satyagrahis would then march to [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)]].{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

[[Peter Alvares]], a prominent member of the Praja Socialist Party assembled three groups of about 15 Goan satyagrahis each. The leader of each group carried the [[Indian tricolour]].{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

The first group was led by [[Alfred Alfonso]] and marched from Siroda to [[Tiracol Fort]]. The Portuguese garrison-in-charge, José António Álvares, from Chinchinim, ordered his men to abandon the fort and was later imprisoned for three and a half years.{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

[[Mark Fernandes]] led another group from [[Banda, Maharashtra]] to [[Patradevi]].{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

The third group was led by [[Anthony de Souza (politician)|Anthony D'Souza]] from Majali-Karwar to the Polem border post.{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

While all satyagrahis were arrested, only 46 were imprisoned for one to eight years. Anthony D'Souza, however, was sentenced to 28 years of imprisonment.{{sfn|Faleiro|2023|p=69}}

===Tiracol incident===
A group of 15 unarmed volunteers occupied the [[Fort Tiracol|Tiracol fort]], but the Portuguese military reoccupied it the next day, opening fire, killing one volunteer, wounding 12, and arresting several others.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=74}}

===May 18, 1955===
On May 18, 1955, a group of 54 non–Goan satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa. They were fired upon by Portuguese police, and four were wounded. Following this, many were detained and later sent back to India.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=77}}

===July 9, 1955===
On July 9, 1955, a party of 52 volunteers, led by Mr. [[Tridib Chaudhuri]], entered Goa. Although most were sent back, Mr. Chowdhury remained behind, becoming the second Indian Member of Parliament to take part in the struggle.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=79}}

===July 16, 1955===
On July 16, 1955, a group of 59 volunteers, led by Communist leader Mr. S. M. Nandekar, entered Goa from Banda. They were arrested and severely beaten by the Portuguese police.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=79}}

===July 25, 1955===
On July 25, 1955, railway traffic between India and Goa was suspended due to Portuguese interference. The Portuguese had mined sections of the railway track between Castle Rock and Goa, making it unsafe for trains. This led to the termination of trains at Castle Rock, a border station, until the situation was resolved.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=81}}

===July 28, 1955===
On July 28, 1955, Bombay's dock workers, under the Transport and Dock Workers Union, decided to boycott all foreign ships carrying cargo to and from Goa. This action targeted eight foreign vessels, mostly British owned, that regularly passed through Bombay, with the aim of disrupting the Portuguese trade and supporting the liberation movement.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=81}}

===August 9–12, 1955===
On August 9, 1955, a group of 52 Indian volunteers crossed into Goa from Majali. The Portuguese imposed dusk-to-dawn curfews in Diu and Daman after demonstrations and protests. The police responded harshly with charges and other forms of suppression. Meanwhile, heavy military preparations were made by the Portuguese, including the mounting of heavy guns along the border and orders to shoot anyone crossing.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=81–82}}

Portuguese Foreign Minister Señor Cunha urged the Indian government to ban the planned mass march of 3,000 satyagrahis on August 15. Despite this, the Indians denied, and the Portuguese closed their legation in New Delhi, shifting their interests to the Brazilian Embassy.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=82}}

===Massacre of August 15, 1955===
On August 15, 1955, the eighth anniversary of India's Independence, 3,000–5,000 satyagrahis,{{sfn|Menezes|2020}} including women, entered Goa, Daman, and Diu through jungles and swamps in support of the liberation movement. These satyagrahis represented various political parties and came from different walks of life. Within moments of crossing into the Portuguese territories, they faced resistance from the Portuguese. The Portuguese police and military charged the volunteers and opened fire on them in multiple locations. According to Indian officials, the casualties were 22 shot dead and 225 injured.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=93}}

Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] later stated in Parliament that 1,711 volunteers had attempted to cross into Goa, with 1,691 being turned back. Around 1,249 satyagrahis entered Daman, but only five made it through, one of whom was later confirmed dead. The fate of 81 passive resisters who crossed into Diu remained unknown, though no police firing was reported there.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=93–94}}

At various border points, groups of satyagrahis entered Portuguese territory under heavy rain. The first group, crossing the southern border at Majali, was met with gunfire after moving just 20 yards into Goa. Mrs. [[Sahodrabai Rai]], holding the national flag, was shot at close range and fell. She was followed by Mr. Kamal Singh of Punjab, who tried to help her but was also shot dead. Another volunteer, Madhukar Chaudhury, fell while attempting to carry the flag forward.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=94}}

At Palva, near [[Aronda]], satyagrahis hoisted the Indian flag at a temple. When they refused to take it down, the police opened fire, killing one and injuring two others. Volunteers also crossed the [[Terekhol River]] and raised the flag over the Tirakul Fort. Gunshots rang out, followed by gunfire, killing Hirane Gurus, secretary of the All India Primary Teachers' Federation, and injuring others.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=94}}

At [[Castle Rock, Karnataka|Castle Rock]], two groups of satyagrahis entered Portuguese territory. The first was met with a lathi charge, injuring 17 volunteers, while the second group was met with gunfire, killing six. At Sasoli, 101 satyagrahis crossed the border, with three wounded and later dying from the police shooting.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=95}}

In Daman, the Portuguese police, including the governor, severely beat over 1,200 satyagrahis. One elderly ''sadhu'' was killed when he refused to retreat, while three others were seriously injured. Meanwhile, several Goans showed hoisted the Indian flag in [[Mormugao]] and [[Bicholim]], resulting in their arrest and severe beatings.{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=95}}

==Aftermath==
After the violent action taken by the Portuguese, relations between India and Portugal were cut, on August 19, 1955.
This made nationalists in Goa more violent in their action.{{sfn|Sakshena|2003|p=30}}

The period between 1955 and the Liberation of Goa saw many atrocities, including killings and suppression of nationalists carried out by the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Salazar regime]].{{sfn|Sakshena|2003|p=30}}

After failed diplomatic efforts with Salazar, India launched [[Annexation of Goa|Operation Vijay]], the military campaign that led to the liberation of Goa and the end of 450 years of Portuguese rule.{{sfn|Sakshena|2003|p=30}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=R. P. |date=1963 |title=Portuguese Rule In Goa 1510-1961 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131623 |publisher=Asia Publishing House}}
* {{cite journal |last=Mendes |first=Sushila |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2006 |volume=67 |pages=549–555 |title=Jawaharlal Nehru and the Liberation Struggle of Goa |jstor=44147974 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147974}}
* {{cite book |last=Sakshena |first=R. N. |date=June 2003 |title=Goa Into the Mainstream |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-005-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kUE7TV3ZWEC}}
* {{cite book |last=Menezes |first=João A. |date=June 27, 2020 |title=The Portuguese Presence in India Latter Day Thorns amidst Tranquilities |publisher=Notion Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ortDwAAQBAJ |isbn=9781648506291 |quote=Two satyagrahas or unarmed marches into Goa, the first on August 15, 1954 of around 100 Goans and the second on August 15, 1955 of around 3,000 to 5,000 Indians, of which around 30 were shot dead and many injured as a result of defensive firing by the Portuguese Police along the frontier, particularly when they menacingly entered Tiracol Fort.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Faleiro |first=Valmiki |author-link=Valmiki Faleiro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYLyEAAAQBAJ |title=Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration |date=2023-07-24 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5708-175-7 |access-date=21 August 2024}}

[[Category:Invasions by India]]
[[Category:Massacres committed by Portugal]]
[[Category:Massacres in India]]

2 naye paise

2026-04-01T07:51:21Z

Curi Hospital: Adding A Data

{{Short description|Unit of currency that is 2/100 that of the Indian rupee}}
{{distinguish|2 paise (Indian coin)}}
{{Infobox coin
| Denomination = Two naye paise {{nobold|{{lang|hi|दो नए पैसे|italic=no}}}}
| Country = {{flag|India}}
| Value = {{frac|2|100}} [[Indian rupee]]
| Unit =
| Mass_g = 2.95
| Mass_troy_oz =
| Mass_grain = 45.5
| Mass_ounce =
| Mass_special = 
| Gold_troy_oz =
| Silver_troy_oz =
| Diameter_mm = 18
| Diameter_inch = 0.71
| Diameter_special = 
| Thickness_mm = 1.80
| Thickness_inch = 0.071
| Thickness_special = 
| Edge = Smooth
| Composition = [[Cupronickel]]
| Years of Minting = {{Start date|1957}}
| Mintage =
| Mint marks = [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|Mumbai]] = ⧫
| Circulation = [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]]
| Catalog Number = KM#11
| Obverse =
| Obverse Design = [[State Emblem of India]] with country name.
| Obverse Designer =
| Obverse Design Date =
| Obverse Discontinued =
| Obverse2 =
| Obverse2 Design =
| Obverse2 Designer =
| Obverse2 Design Date =
| Obverse2 Discontinued =
| Obverse3 =
| Obverse3 Design =
| Obverse3 Designer =
| Obverse3 Design Date =
| Obverse3 Discontinued =
| Obverse4 =
| Obverse4 Design =
| Obverse4 Designer =
| Obverse4 Design Date =
| Obverse4 Discontinued =
| Reverse =
| Reverse Design = Face value and year of minting
| Reverse Designer =
| Reverse Design Date =
| Reverse Discontinued =
| Reverse2 =
| Reverse2 Design =
| Reverse2 Designer =
| Reverse2 Design Date =
| Reverse2 Discontinued =
| Reverse3 =
| Reverse3 Design =
| Reverse3 Designer =
| Reverse3 Design Date =
| Reverse3 Discontinued =
| Reverse4 =
| Reverse4 Design =
| Reverse4 Designer =
| Reverse4 Design Date =
| Reverse4 Discontinued =
}}
The Indian '''Two naye paise''' ({{langx|hi|दो नए पैसे}}) (singular: ''Paisa'') is a unit of [[currency]] equaling {{frac|2|100}} of the [[Indian rupee]]. The symbol for paisa is '''p'''.

==History==
Prior to 1957, the [[Indian rupee]] was not [[Decimalisation|decimalised]] and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 [[Anno Domini|AD]] was further divided into 16 [[Anna (monetary subunit)|annas]]. Each anna was further divided to four [[Indian pice]]s and each pice into three [[Pie (monetary subunit)|pies]] till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the "[[The Indian Coinage Act, 1906|Indian Coinage Act]]" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called "Naya Paisa" (English: ''New Paisa''). On 1 June 1964, the term "Naya" was dropped and the denomination was simply called "One paisa". Paisa coins were issued as a part of "The Decimal Series".<ref name="2 naye paise details">{{cite news|title=2 naye paise details|publisher=India Numismatics|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces1625.html}}</ref><ref name="Republic India Coinage">{{cite news|title=Republic India Coinage|publisher=[[Reserve Bank of India]]|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/mc_republic.aspx}}</ref><ref name="History of Indian coins">{{cite news|title=History of Indian coins|publisher=India Numismatics|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=https://indianumismatics.wordpress.com/category/history-of-indian-coins/}}</ref>

==Mintage==
Two naye paise coins was minted from 1957 to 1963 at the [[India Government Mint, Mumbai|India Government mint]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (present day Mumbai) and borne symbol ⧫ (small dot/diamond) as mint mark. The coin has been [[Withdrawal of low-denomination coins|demonetized]].<ref name="History of Indian coins"/><ref name="2 naye paise">{{cite news|title=2 naye paise|publisher=colnect.com|accessdate=26 August 2017|url=http://colnect.com/en/coins/list/variant/2100}}</ref>

===Total mintage===
Total 1,826,326,000 coins were minted from 1957 to 1964.<ref name="2 naye paise"/>

===Composition===
Two naye paise coins were minted from [[Cupronickel]] alloy in [[Coin orientation|medallic orientation]]. The coins weighed 2.95 grams, had a diameter of {{convert|18|mm|in}} and thickness of {{convert|1.8|mm|in}}. Scalloped with eight notches, the coins had smooth edge.<ref name="2 naye paise details"/>

==Variants==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! colspan="13"|Variants (1957-1964).
|-
! colspan="2"| Image !! rowspan="2"| Value !! colspan="4"| Technical parameters !! colspan="3"| Description !! colspan="2"| Year of minting !! rowspan="2"| Monetary status
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Weight !! Diameter !! Thickness !! Metal !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First !! Last
|-
| colspan="2"| [[File:2 Indian naye paise.jpg|125px]] || 2 naye paise || 2.95 g || 18 mm || 1.8 mm || [[Cupronickel]] || Smooth || [[State Emblem of India]] & country name in Hindi and English. || Face-value and year. || 1957 || 1964 || [[Legal tender#Demonetization|Demonetized]].<ref name="2 naye paise details"/>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Indian paisa]]

{{Portal bar|India|Numismatics|Money}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{Indian currency}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Historical currencies of India]]
[[Category:Coins of India]]

Indian Evidence Act, 1872

2026-03-25T21:17:08Z

Curi Hospital:

{{short description|Act of Imperial Legislative Council of India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2013}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Indian Evidence Act, 1872
| legislature =
| image = Star of the Order of the Star of India (gold).svg
| imagesize = 200
| long_title =
| citation = [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxrbWxzYXJjaGl2ZTF8Z3g6YTEwZWQ5YjI4OWI0ZjBm Act No. 1 of 1872]
| territorial_extent = INDIA
| enacted_by = The Governor-General in Council
| date_enacted = 15 March 1872
| date_assented =
| date_commenced = 1 September 1872
| date_repealed = 1 July 2024
| bill =
| bill_citation =
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| repeals =
| repealed_by = [[Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023|Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam]]
| summary =
| keywords =
| status = repealed
}}
The '''Indian Evidence Act, 1872''',<ref>{{citation|url=http://devgan.in/iea/|title=Indian Evidence Act, 1872}}</ref> originally passed in [[India]] by the [[Imperial Legislative Council]] in 1872 during the [[British Raj]], contains a set of rules and related provisions governing the admissibility of evidence in [[India]]n courts of law.

The India Evidence Act was replaced by the [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023|Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aninews.in/news/national/general-news/legal-experts-hail-centres-move-to-revamp-colonial-era-ipc-crpc-indian-evidence-act20230811184754/ | title=Legal experts hail Centre's move to revamp colonial-era IPC, CRPC, Indian Evidence Act }}</ref> on 1 July 2024.

==Importance==
{{Original research|section|date=October 2013}}
The [[Enactment of a bill|enactment]] and adoption of the Indian Evidence Act was a significant development in India, transforming the system of rules regarding the [[Admissibility of Evidence|admissibility of evidence]] in Indian courts of law. Until then, the rules of evidence were based on the traditional legal systems of different social groups and communities of India and were different for different people depending on caste, community, faith and social position. The Indian Evidence Act introduced a standard set of law applicable to all Indians.

The law is mainly based upon the firm work by Sir [[James Fitzjames Stephen]], who could be called the founding father of this comprehensive piece of legislation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-15 |title=INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT - BY JONATHAN FITZJAMES STEPHEN|url=https://restthecase.com/knowledge-bank/books/indian-evidence-act-by-jonathan-fitzjames-stephen |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=Rest The Case |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1872, Indian Evidence Act, Stephen |url=https://llmc.com/titledescfull.aspx?type=2&coll=149&div=422&set=40606 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=llmc.com}}</ref>

In some [[Islamic law|Islamic-majority legal systems]], such as [[Palestinian law]] and [[Iranian law]], [[commercial law]] still well into the 21st century, relies heavily on [[testimony|testimonial evidence]] or [[customary law]], rather than [[documentary evidence]].{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}

==Act==
The Indian Evidence Act (Act no. 1 of 1872),<ref name="test1">[https://sites.google.com/site/keralamedicolegalsociety/the-indian-evidence-act-1872 Kerala Medico-Legal Society] Indian Evidence Act. The Amendment by Act 10 of 2009 is also included</ref> has eleven chapters and 167 sections, and came into force on 1 September 1872. At the time of its enactment, India was a part of the [[British Empire]]. Over more than 150 years since its enactment, the Indian Evidence Act has largely retained its original form, with only certain amendments made from time to time.

Amendments:

The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2005

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018 (22 of 2018)

The Jammu & Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019

==Applicability==
When India gained [[Partition of India|independence]] on 15 August 1947, the Act continued to be in force throughout the [[Republic of India]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/keralamedicolegalsociety/home-1/important-laws-and-rules/short-title-extent-and-commencement|title = Section 1, Indian Evidence Act: Short title, extent and commencement - Kerala Medico-Legal Society}}</ref> Since the [[independence of Bangladesh]] on 26 March 1971, the Indian Evidence Act has been in use throughout the country, though some necessary amendments have been made. After 1947, the Act continued to be in force in India until its replacement in 2024. The Act was repealed in Pakistan in 1984 by the Evidence Order 1984 (also known as the "Qanun-e-Shahadat"). It was applicable to all judicial proceedings in the court, including the court martial. However, it did not apply to affidavits and arbitration.

==Contents==
This Act is divided into three parts and has 11 chapters.<ref name="test1"/>
;Part 1
Part 1 deals with [[Relevance (law)|relevancy]] of the facts. There are two chapters under this part: chapter 1 is a preliminary chapter and introduces to Evidence Act and chapter 2 specifically deals with the relevancy of the facts.

;Part 2
Part 2 consists of chapters from 3 to 6. Chapter 3 deals with facts which need not be proved,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Abhishek|date=2020-12-15|title=Facts which need not be proved|url=https://lawpage.in/evidence_law/facts-need-not-be-proved|access-date=2020-12-31|website=LawPage.In|language=en}}</ref> chapter 4 deals with oral evidence,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Abhishek|date=2020-12-16|title=Oral and Documentary Evidence|url=https://lawpage.in/evidence_law/oral-documentary-evidence|access-date=2020-12-31|website=LawPage.In|language=en}}</ref> chapter 5 deals with [[documentary evidence]] and chapter 6 deals with circumstances when documentary evidence has been given preference over the oral evidence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IEA Section 92 - Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement|url=https://devgan.in/iea/section/92/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=A Lawyers Reference|language=en}}</ref>

;Part 3
The last part, that is part 3, consists of chapter 7 to chapter 11. Chapter 7 4 deals with the [[burden of proof (law)|burden of proof]], chapter 8 deals with [[estoppel]], chapter 9 deals with witnesses, chapter 10 deals with the examination of [[witnesses]] and chapter 11 deals with the improper admission and rejection of evidence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Improper admission or rejection of evidence|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/593844/#:~:text=%E2%80%94The%20improper%20admission%20or%20rejection,sufficient%20evidence%20to%20justify%20the|website=Indian Kanoon}}</ref>

==IClassic classification==
In the Evidence Act, all provisions may be divided into two categories:
(1) taking the evidence by the court
(2) evaluation

Parties to a proceeding before a court of law may adduce only [[admissible evidence]]. Admissible evidence is either "fact in issue" or "relevant facts"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Abhishek|date=2020-12-13|title=Important Definitions : Evidence Act|url=https://lawpage.in/evidence_law/important_definitions|access-date=2020-12-31|website=LawPage.In|language=en}}</ref> which are not excluded from being adduced by any other provisions of Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Section 3 of the Act define facts, facts in issue and relevant facts.

According to section 59 and 60, facts can be proved in two ways, orally or by [[documentary evidence]] (includes electronic documents). Oral evidence suggests mostly verbal depositions before the Court (and not otherwise) and includes oral statement regarding materials as well. Documentary evidence suggests documents. Evidence regarding matters gasa number of facts, for which evidence by way of oral or documentary produced before the court for its evaluation for either one fact or facts. Courts, by going through the documentary and oral evidence, decide whether particular facts are proved or not, or the fact or facts can be presumed to be proved.

By looking into the oral and documentary evidence, courts decide whether a particular fact is proved or not. In evaluation, there are two concepts to prove facts: proved (proved, disproved or not proved) and presumption<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Abhishek|date=2020-12-13|title=Presumptions|url=https://lawpage.in/evidence_law/presumption|access-date=2020-12-31|website=LawPage.In|language=en}}</ref> (that fact is proved) (may Presume, Shall presume and Conclusive proof). After going through oral and documentary evidence, court see that whether a fact or facts are proved by looking to such evidence. If not enough or no evidence is given, the said fact is not proved.

The second concept for evaluation is presumption. In evidence, many sections suggest presumption, and courts 'may presume' facts and are extremely free to believe them or not and to ask to prove them. According to section 4, 'shall presume' means that courts have no discretion and must consider the fact as proved unless it is disproved. Where in any provision it is said that a particular fact, sometimes in particular circumstances, must be concluded as "conclusive proof", courts must regard it as proved and may not allow parties to adduce evidence to rebut it.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IEA Section 4 - Presumption and Proof|url=https://devgan.in/iea/section/4/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=A Lawyers Reference|language=en}}</ref>

== Classification in four questions==
The Evidence Act may be divided in four questions.

'''Question 1''' What is evidence given of?

'''Answer 1''' Evidence is given of "facts in issue" or "relevant facts".

'''Question 2''' How is evidence of such facts given?

'''Answer 2''' Evidence of such facts is given by way of "oral evidence" or "documentary evidence".

'''Question 3''' On whom does the burden of proof lie?

'''Answer 3''' The burden of proof of particular facts or the onus of proof to prove the whole case lies on the [[prosecution]] in charge.

'''Question 4''' What is the evaluation of the facts?

'''Answer 4''' The evaluation is "proved " or "presumed", and the fact is "proved", "disproved", or "not proved", or the proof of facts "may presume", "shall presume" or has "conclusive proof" bt the courts.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sites.google.com/site/keralamedicolegalsociety/the-indian-evidence-act-1872 The Indian Evidence Act] Including the Amendment by Act 10 of 2009.
*[http://devgan.in/indian_evidence_act/ I.E.A (Mobile Friendly)]

{{Wikisource|Indian Evidence Act 1872}}

* [https://gkmirror.in/2021/03/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-1872.html क्या है भारतीय साक्ष्य अधिनियम, 1872?]

[[Category:Evidence law]]
[[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Repealed Pakistani legislation]]
[[Category:1872 in British law]]

Dharmamurthi Rao Bhahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty's Hindu College

2026-03-20T13:02:19Z

Curi Hospital: small refine information based on references and added references as per guidelines

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=V. Ramakrishna Polytechnic|timestamp=20260320130218|year=2026|month=March|day=20|substed=yes}}


{{Short description|Educational institution in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}

{{Infobox university
| name = Dharmamurthi Rao Bhahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty's Hindu College
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| established = 3 July 1969
| founder = Calavala Cunnan Chetty Garu
| type = Public
| motto =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| city = [[Pattabiram]], [[Chennai]]
| principal = G. Kalvikkarasi
| dean =
| director =
| head_label =
| head =
| academic_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| other =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| postcode = 600072
| coordinates = {{coord|13.1193698|80.0731645|display=Inline}}
| campus = Semi Urban
| affiliations = [[University of Madras]]
| language =
| free_label =
| free =
| free_label2 =
| free2 =
| colors = 
| athletics =
| sports =
| athletics_nickname = 
| sporting_affiliations =
| mascot = 
| sports_free_label =
| sports_free =
| sports_free_label2 =
| sports_free2 =
| website = http://www.drbccchinducollege.edu.in/
| logo =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Dharmamurthi Rao Bhahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty's Hindu College''', also known as '''D.R.B.C.C.C. Hindu College''' or known locally as the '''Hindu College''', is a general degree college located at [[Pattabiram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. It was established in the year 1969. The college is affiliated with [[University of Madras]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Affiliated College of University of Madras |url=http://www.unom.ac.in/index.php?route=colleges/aided |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311082215/http://www.unom.ac.in/index.php?route=colleges/aided |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-03-11 |publisher=University of Madras}}</ref> This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

==Accreditation==
[[File:DRBCCC 2019 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|The founder of college, Dharmamurthi Rao Bahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty Garu,<ref>[http://drbccchinducollege.ac.in/about-us/about-our-founder/ About our founder]. drbccchinducollege.ac.in</ref> on a 2019 stamp of India]]

* The college is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).
* The college is affiliated to [[University of Madras]]

== Courses offered ==

=== Undergraduate (UG) courses ===
'''Science:'''

* B.Sc. Mathematics
* B.Sc. Visual Communication
* B.Sc. Statistics

* B.Sc. Electronics and Communication System
* B.Sc. Chemistry
* B.Sc. Physics
* B.Sc. Computer Science with Data Science tndce.tn.gov.in
* B.Sc. Computer Science with Artificial Intelligence tndce.tn.gov.in
* B.Sc. Computer Science (general)
* B.C.A. (Bachelor of Computer Applications)

'''Commerce:'''

* B.Com. (General / Commerce)
* B.Com. Corporate Secretaryship
* B.Com. Banking Management
* B.Com. Accounting and Finance
* B.Com Information System Management
* B.B.A. (Business Administration)

'''Arts & Humanities:'''

* B.A. English
* B.A. English Literature
* B.A. Tamil
* B.A. Historical Studies / History
* B.A. Economics
* B.A. Telugu Literature
* B.A. Criminology & Criminal Justice Science

=== Postgraduate (PG) & Research Courses ===

* M.A. Economics
* M.Com. (Master of Commerce)
* M.Phil in Commerce
* M.Phil in Social

==See also==
*[[Education in India]]
*[[Literacy in India]]
*[[List of institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.drbccchinducollege.ac.in/|website=drbccchinducollege.ac.in|title=DRBCCC Hindu College Pattabiram, Chennai|accessdate=2017-09-25|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002210245/http://www.drbccchinducollege.ac.in/|url-status=dead}}
*{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/Dharmamurthi+Rao+Bahadur+Calavala+Cunnan+Chetty+Hindu+College/@13.1193698,80.0731645,351m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x3a52627e49fa92a5:0x53821dbf20ec31f3!2sDharmamurthi+Rao+Bahadur+Calavala+Cunnan+Chetty+Hindu+College!8m2!3d13.1193646!4d80.0742576!3m4!1s0x3a52627e49fa92a5:0x53821dbf20ec31f3!8m2!3d13.1193646!4d80.0742576|title= Dharmamurthi Rao Bhahadur Calavala Cunnan Chetty's Hindu College}}

{{Portal bar|Education}}
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1969]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to University of Madras]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Chennai]]
[[Category:Hindu universities and colleges]]

{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}

List of chief justices of the Uttarakhand High Court

2026-03-06T14:45:28Z

Curi Hospital:

{{short description|None}}

{{more citations needed|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = [[Chief justice|Chief Justice]]
| body = the [[Uttarakhand High Court]]
| insignia =
| insigniasize = 200px
| insigniacaption = Insignia of Chief Justice of Uttarakhand
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| incumbent = [[Manoj Kumar Gupta]]
| incumbentsince = 10 January 2026
| department = [[Uttarakhand High Court]]
| seat = [[Nainital]]
| nominator = [[Three Judges Cases|Collegium of the Supreme Court of India]]
| appointer = [[President of India]] with [[advice and consent|confirmation]] of [[Chief Justice of India]] and [[Governor of Uttarakhand]]
| termlength = till the age of 62 yrs
| constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of India]] (under Article 217)
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|2000|11|9}}
| first = [[Ashok Desai (judge)|Ashok Desai]] {{small|(2000–2003)}}
| abbreviation = CJ
| salary =
| website = [http://highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in/ Uttarakhand High Court]
}}
{{Courts of India}}
{{Politics of Uttarakhand}}

The '''chief justice of the Uttarakhand High Court''' is the highest presiding judicial officer in the state of [[Uttarakhand]] in India and the custodian of the [[Uttarakhand High Court]]. The chief justice is appointed by the [[President of India]] with the advice of the [[Chief Justice of India|chief justice]] and the [[Governor of Uttarakhand]]. [[Manoj Kumar Gupta]] is the current [[Chief Justice]] of the [[Uttarakhand High Court]]. He assumed office on 10 January 2026.

==List of chief justices of Uttarakhand==

Following is the list of the chief justices of Uttarakhand since its inception on 9 November 2000:

;Colour key
{{legend|wheat|[[Acting (law)|Acting Chief Justice]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!scope=col| No.
!scope=col| Name {{small|(birth–death)}}
!scope=col| Portrait
!scope=col colspan=2| Term
!scope=col| Tenure
!scope=col| Parent High Court
! Appointed by {{small|([[President of India]])}}
!scope=col| Note
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Ashok Desai (judge)|Ashok Desai]] {{small|(1942–2006)}}
|
|9 November 2000
|5 December 2000
|{{age in years and days|2000|11|09|2000|12|05}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. R. Narayanan]]
|rowspan="2"|First Chief Justice of Uttarakhand, assumed office as Acting Chief Justice. Resigned from office on 31 March 2003.
|- style="text-align:center"
|1
![[Ashok Desai (judge)|Ashok Desai]] {{small|(1942–2006)}}
|
|6 December 2000
|31 March 2003
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2000|12|06|2003|03|31}} ''{{small|(total {{age in years and days|2000|11|09|2003|03|31}})}}''
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Prakash Chandra Verma]] {{small|(born 1951)}}
|
|1 April 2003
|4 August 2003
|{{age in years and days|2003|04|01|2003|08|04}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|rowspan="7"|[[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
|
|- style="text-align:center"
|2
![[Sarosh Homi Kapadia]] {{small|(1947–2016)}}
|[[File:Justice S.H. Kapadia.jpg|100px]]
|5 August 2003
|17 December 2003
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2003|08|05|2003|12|17}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
|Shortest-serving Chief Justice of Uttarakhand. Later elevated as a judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]], went on to become 38th [[Chief Justice of India]].
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Prakash Chandra Verma]] {{small|(born 1951)}}
|
|18 December 2003
|24 July 2004
|{{age in years and days|2003|12|18|2004|07|24}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|
|- style="text-align:center"
|3
![[Vikas Shridhar Sirpurkar]] {{small|(born 1946)}}
|
|25 July 2004
|19 March 2005
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2004|07|25|2005|03|19}}
|[[Bombay High Court|Bombay]]
| rowspan="2" | Later elevated as a judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]].
|- style="text-align:center"
|4
![[Cyriac Joseph]] {{small|(born 1947)}}
|[[File:Justice Cyriac Joseph DSW.jpg|100px]]
|20 March 2005
|7 January 2006
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2005|03|20|2006|01|07}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Prakash Chandra Verma]] {{small|(born 1951)}}
|
|8 January 2006
|13 January 2006
|{{age in years and days|2006|01|08|2006|01|13}} ''{{small|(total 349 days)}}''
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|Longest-serving Acting Chief Justice of Uttarakhand.
|- style="text-align:center"
|5
![[Rajiv Gupta (judge)|Rajiv Gupta]] {{small|(born 1950)}}
|
|14 January 2006
|1 February 2008
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2006|01|14|2008|02|01}}
|[[Madhya Pradesh High Court|Madhya Pradesh]]
|rowspan="4"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|6
![[Vinod Kumar Gupta]] {{small|(born 1947)}}
|
|2 February 2008
|9 September 2009
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2008|02|02|2009|09|09}}
|[[Jammu and Kashmir High Court|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|rowspan="5"|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Bipin Chandra Kandpal]] {{small|(born 1948)}}
|
|10 September 2009
|24 September 2009
|{{age in years and days|2009|09|10|2009|09|24}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Tarun Agarwala]] {{small|(born 1956)}}
|
|25 September 2009
|28 November 2009
|{{age in years and days|2009|09|25|2009|11|28}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|7
![[Jagdish Singh Khehar]] {{small|(born 1952)}}
|[[File:Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar.jpg|100px]]
|29 November 2009
|11 August 2010
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2009|11|29|2010|08|11}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|Later elevated as a judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]], went on to become 44th [[Chief Justice of India]].
|- style="text-align:center"
|8
![[Barin Ghosh (judge)|Barin Ghosh]] {{small|(1952–2015)}}
|
|12 August 2010
|4 June 2014
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2010|08|12|2014|06|04}}
|[[Calcutta High Court|Calcutta]]
|
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Sudhanshu Dhulia]] {{small|(born 1960)}}
|[[File:Justice Sudhanshu Dhulia.jpg|100px]]
|5 June 2014
|30 July 2014
|{{age in years and days|2014|06|05|2014|07|30}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Pranab Mukherjee]]
|Later elevated as a judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]].
|- style="text-align:center"
|9
![[Kuttiyil Mathew Joseph]] {{small|(born 1958)}}
|[[File:Justice K.M. Joseph-2.jpg|100px]]
|31 July 2014
|6 August 2018
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2014|07|31|2018|08|06}}
|[[Kerala High Court|Kerala]]
|Longest-serving Chief Justice of Uttarakhand, later elevated as a judge to the [[Supreme Court of India]].
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Rajeev Sharma (judge)|Rajeev Sharma]] {{small|(born 1958)}}
|
|7 August 2018
|1 November 2018
|{{age in years and days|2018|08|07|2018|11|01}}
|[[Himachal Pradesh High Court|Himachal Pradesh]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|rowspan="7"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|10
![[Ramesh Ranganathan]] {{small|(born 1958)}}
|
|2 November 2018
|27 July 2020
|{{age in years and days|sortable=table|2018|11|02|2020|7|27}}
|[[Andhra Pradesh High Court|Andhra Pradesh]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
|style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Ravi Malimath]] {{small|(born 1962)}}
|
|28 July 2020
|6 January 2021
|{{age in years and days|2020|07|28|2021|01|06}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|11
![[Raghvendra Singh Chauhan]] {{small|(born 1959)}}
|
|7 January 2021
|23 December 2021
|{{age in years and days|2021|01|07|2021|12|23}}
|[[Rajasthan High Court|Rajasthan]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
| style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Sanjaya Kumar Mishra]] {{small|(born 1961)}}
|
|24 December 2021
|28 June 2022
|{{age in years and days|2021|12|24|2022|6|28}}
|[[Orissa High Court|Orissa]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|12
![[Vipin Sanghi]] {{small|(born 1961)}}
|
|28 June 2022
|26 October 2023
|{{age in years and days|2022|6|28|2023|10|26}}
|[[Delhi High Court|Delhi]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
| style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Manoj Kumar Tiwari]] {{small|(born 1965)}}
|
|27 October 2023
|3 February 2024
|{{age in years and days|2023|10|27|2024|2|3}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|13
![[Ritu Bahri]] {{small|(born 1962)}}
|
|4 February 2024
|10 October 2024
|{{age in years and days|2024|2|4|2024|10|10}}
|[[Punjab and Haryana High Court|Punjab and Haryana]]
|First female Chief Justice of Uttarakhand.
|- style="text-align:center"
|Acting
| style="background-color:Wheat"|[[Manoj Kumar Tiwari]] {{small|(born 1965)}}
|
|11 October 2024
|25 December 2024
|{{age in years and days|2024|10|11|2024|12|25}}
|[[Uttarakhand High Court|Uttarakhand]]
| rowspan="3" |
|- style="text-align:center"
|14
![[Guhanathan Narendar]] {{small|(born 1964)}}
|
|26 December 2024
|9 January 2026
|{{age in years and days|2024|12|26|2026|01|09}}
|[[Karnataka High Court|Karnataka]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|15
![[Manoj Kumar Gupta]] {{small|(born 1964)}}
|
|10 January 2026
|[[Incumbent]]
|{{age in years and days|2026|1|10}}
|[[Allahabad High Court|Allahabad]]
|}

==See also==
*[[Uttarakhand High Court]]
*[[List of judges of the Uttarakhand High Court]]
*[[List of current Indian chief justices]]
*[[List of female chief justices in India]]
*[[List of sitting judges of the high courts of India]]
*[[List of chief justices of India]]
*[[List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India]]
*[[Bar Council of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Uttarakhand Lokayukta]]
*[[Government of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Governor of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Cabinet of Uttarakhand]]
*[[Speaker of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Leader of the Opposition in the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in/ The High Court of Uttarakhand] (Official Website)
{{Chief Justices of the Uttarakhand High Court}}
{{Current Indian chief justices}}

{{Uttarakhand}}

[[Category:Chief justices of the Uttarakhand High Court| ]]
[[Category:Lists of Indian judges|U]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand-related lists]]

Nanna Prakara

2026-03-03T21:30:19Z

Curi Hospital: further cleaned up layout per standard format also and added references

{{short description|Kannada language mystery thriller film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nanna Prakara
| image =Nanna Prakara.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Vinay Balaji
| producer = Gururaj S Kiran K Talasila Jagadish Govindh S Venkatesh Krishnamurthy
| writer = Vinay Balaji
| screenplay = Vinay Balaji
| story = Vinay Balaji
| starring = [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] [[Priyamani]] [[Mayuri Kyatari]]
| narrator =
| music = Arjun Ramu
| cinematography = Manohar Joshi
| editing = Satish Chandraiya
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2019|08|23|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Kannada]]
| budget =
| gross =
| native_name = 
| based_on = 
}}

'''''Nanna Prakara''''' ({{Translation|According to me}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Kannada language]] [[mystery film|mystery thriller]] film written and directed by Vinay Balaji, making his debut. It is produced by Gururaj S under his banner G.V.K Combines and is co-produced by Kiran Talasila, Jagdeesh, Venkatesh, Govind. S and Krishnamurthy. The film starring [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]], [[Priyamani]] and [[Mayuri Kyatari]] in the lead roles while, Arjun Yogi, Niranjan Deshpande, [[Pramod Shetty]] and [[Girija Lokesh]] are in the ensemble supporting cast. The music for the film is scored by Arjun Ramu. The cinematography is by Manohar Joshi and editing is done by Satish Chandraiya.

== Cast ==
''Source''<ref>{{Citation|title=Nanna Prakara Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/nanna-prakara/movieshow/67382807.cms|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>

*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Ashok
*[[Priyamani]] as Dr Amrutha
*[[Mayuri Kyatari]] as Vismaya
* [[Pramod Shetty]] as Kumar
*[[Girija Lokesh]] as Shardhamma
* Arjun Yogi
* Niranjan Deshpande
*Tiger Sushma Raj

== Plot ==
The story begins with the discovery of a charred car on a forest highway containing a burnt body. Inspector Ashok ([[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]) investigates but finds no immediate clues, as the number plate is destroyed. A visiting card found at the scene becomes the only lead.

The next day, Sam and Mary report their friend Vismaya missing. It is later revealed that the burnt body is Vismaya ([[Mayuri Kyatari]]). Forensic analysis finds traces of scopolamine on a handkerchief near the body. The car is identified as belonging to Vishal, a drug dealer, who is arrested after drugs and alcohol are found in his flat. Vishal confesses that he was in a relationship with a woman named Vismaya, whom he claims was pregnant. After refusing to marry her and assaulting her, he assumes she is dead and places her in his car trunk, but later sees the car being driven away.

Parallelly, Ashok’s wife Amrutha ([[Priyamani]]) reveals that Vismaya was her patient and was about to marry a man named Suman. Suman’s mother informs them that he has met with an accident. At the hospital, doctors state that Suman suffered severe nervous system damage. Amrutha reveals that Vismaya had undergone a [[Kidney transplantation|kidney transplant]] earlier, making pregnancy impossible. Vishal then clarifies that his girlfriend was Vismaya Suresh, not the same Vismaya. Her body is later found in the car trunk, confirming his account.

Amrutha explains that Vismaya had lost both kidneys due to illness, and Suman had donated one to her after she saved his mother’s life. In the present, Suman, unable to speak, writes his version of events: he and Vismaya fell in love and planned to marry. One day, she called him begging for help. On his way, his vehicle broke down, and he accepted a ride from Vishal and Vismaya Suresh. When he reached Vismaya’s apartment and found it empty, he met with an accident outside the gate and was thus hospitalized.

Ashok reviews CCTV footage from the apartment and discovers that Mary and Sam were present near Vismaya’s flat while pretending not to know her. A search of Mary’s apartment reveals drugs and a photograph of four friends—Mary, Sam, Sujay, and Neha. All four later go missing.

Ashok uncovers that the four had no real connection to Vismaya. He traces links between them, a rowdy named Vicky, SI Kumar (his subordinate), and Dr. Aravind, who performed the autopsy. Kumar is arrested, and the full sequence of events is revealed: After a noise complaint, Mary and her friends mistakenly go to Vismaya’s apartment, threaten her, and eventually murder her. They prevent her from answering the door when a courier arrives, making it appear the flat is empty. They later stage the crime using Vishal’s car, framing it as an accident.

To cover up the murder, Sujay involves Vicky, SI Kumar, and Dr. Aravind to falsify evidence and the autopsy report. When the investigation tightens, Sujay kills the other three friends and is later killed by Kumar to eliminate the final witness. Kumar also kills Vicky to prevent the truth from being revealed.

With all conspirators exposed, the case is solved.

== Production ==
Actor ''[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]'', has said "With Nanna Prakara, working with a first-time director ensures that there is a different insight into filmmaking and a young energy on set, which rubs off on everyone" while talking about the [[Principal photography]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/i-am-a-cop-in-films-so-often-i-may-get-an-honorary-post-on-the-force-kishore/articleshow/70700564.cms|title=I am a cop in films so often, I may get an honorary post on the force: Kishore - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=17 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref> The film will mark the directorial debut of ''Vinay Balaji''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/priyamani-to-play-a-doctor-in-nanna-prakara/articleshow/70702504.cms|title=Priyamani to play a doctor in 'Nanna Prakara' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref> ''[[Priyamani]]'', who plays a doctor on the film said she put a lot of effort "to play the role convincingly".<ref name=":0" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack for the film is done by Arjun Ramu. The film's audio rights have been sold [[Zee Music Company|Zee Music South.]]

{{Track listing
| all_writing =
| title1 = Hoo Nage
| length1 = 5:00
| title2 = Naa Aakarshithalagiruve
| length2 = 4:34
| title3 = Nanna Prakara
| length3 = 4:12
| title4 =
| length4 =
| title5 =
| length5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| total_length = 14:21
| all_lyrics =
| lyrics1 = Kiran Kaverappa
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| lyrics3 = [[Chethan Kumar (director)]]
| extra_column = Singers
| extra1 = Karthik , [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| extra2 = [[Shweta Mohan]], [[Santhosh Venky]]
| extra3 = Sivam
}}

== Reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "For starters, he has two powerhouse performers — Kishore and Priya Mani — in the lead and he is confident about the strength of the content, which had his protagonists intrigued enough to work with him. “At the centre of the narrative is a murder mystery that Kishore, as Inspector Ashok, is investigating".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/nanna-prakara-is-a-mystery-that-unfolds-amid-multiple-perspectives/articleshow/70786165.cms|title=Nanna Prakara is a mystery that unfolds amid multiple perspectives - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 August 2019 |language=en|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt9266568}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2019 thriller films]]
[[Category:2010s mystery thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films set in universities and colleges]] [[Category:Indian mystery thriller films]]

Summa Irunga Machan

2026-03-03T04:50:01Z

Curi Hospital: Stub

{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Summa Irunga Machan
| image = Summa Irunga Machan.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = S. N. Prasad
| producer = Jothi Prasad
| screenplay = S. N. Prasad
| story = Maruthi Art Films
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pandiarajan]]|[[Pragathi]]|Divyasri}}
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = Nithya
| editing = Banerjee
| distributor =
| studio = Maruthi Art Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1996|03|15}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Summa Irunga Machan''''' ({{Translation|Be quiet man!}}) is a 1996 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by S. N. Prasad. The film stars [[Pandiarajan]], [[Pragathi]] and Divyasri, with [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Kovai Sarala]], Kavitha, [[Charle]] and [[Alex (actor)|Alex]] playing supporting roles. It was released on 15 March 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=சும்மா இருங்க மச்சான் / Summa Irunga Machan (1996) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/summa-irunga-machan |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=Screen 4 Screen |language= |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085413/https://screen4screen.com/movies/summa-irunga-machan |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was remade in Telugu as ''[[Iddaru Attala Muddula Alludu]]'' (2006).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/movies/news_jul06.shtml|title=Suman and Rajendra Prasad in iddaru attala muddula alluDu|website=Telugu Cinema|access-date=26 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040818190830/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/movies/news_jul06.shtml|archive-date=18 August 2004}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{More plot|date=February 2023}}
Subramani is a jobless youth living in a remote village. He leaves his village to rejoin his uncle in Chennai. To his surprise, his uncle has two wives : Paramu and Rajamma, they live in different houses and his uncle struggles between his two wives. Paramu's daughter is Uma and Rajamma's daughter is Rama, both study in the same college. Subramani's uncle advises him to hide his identity and to act as a servant, Paramu and Rajamma hire them. Uma and Rama fall in love with Subramani. Unlike his uncle, Subramani is against polygamy. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
*[[Pandiarajan]] as Subramani
*[[Pragathi]] as Uma
*Divyasri as Rama
*[[Malaysia Vasudevan]] as Subramani's uncle
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Paramu
*[[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Rajamma
*[[Charle]] as Sigamani
*[[Alex (actor)|Alex]]
*[[Loose Mohan]]
*[[Thideer Kannaiah]]
*Pragatheesh
*Bharathan
*Vinayak Raj
*Babu
*Premi
*Shoruba
*Manimekalai
*Master Padusha
*[[Deva (composer)|Deva]] in a guest appearance
}}

==Soundtrack==

The music was composed by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]], with lyrics written by Kalidasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Summa Irunga Machan (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/summa-irunga-machan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1577782331 |access-date=9 February 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]] |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209085415/https://music.apple.com/in/album/summa-irunga-machan-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1577782331 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thedi Vantha Raasa - Summa Irunga Machan - Tamil Audio CD by Ilayaraaja - Deva |url=https://mossymart.com/product/thedi-vantha-raasa-summa-irunga-machan-tamil-audio-cd-by-ilayaraaja-deva/ |access-date=10 June 2024 |website=Mossymart |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128221000/https://mossymart.com/product/thedi-vantha-raasa-summa-irunga-machan-tamil-audio-cd-by-ilayaraaja-deva/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer(s) !! Length
|-
| "Chandiranum Onnuthan" || [[Deva (composer)|Deva]] || 3:33
|-
| "Pattam Pattam Pattampoochi" || Loganathan || 3:47
|-
| "Maama Maama" || Sindhu, [[T. K. Kala]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] || 4:04
|-
| "Tik Tik Tik" || [[K. S. Chithra]], Mano || 4:03
|-
| "Kadhalukku Kannirukku" || Mano, [[Swarnalatha]] || 4:36
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|13795278}}

[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1996 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1996 comedy films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]

Naan Rajavaga Pogiren

2026-03-03T03:28:30Z

Curi Hospital: added references

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Prithvi Rajkumar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Naan Rajavaga Pogiren
| image = Naan Rajavaga Pogiren.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Film poster
| director = Prithvi Rajkumar
| producer = K. Dhanasekar
| writer = Prithvi Rajkumar [[Vetrimaaran]] (dialogues)
| starring = [[Nakul (actor)|Nakul]] [[Chandini Tamilarasan]] [[Avani Modi]]
| music = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[Velraj]]
| editing = Prakash Mappu
| studio = Udhayam VLS Cine Media
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|4|26}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Naan Rajavaga Pogiren''''' ({{Translation|I am going to become a king}}) is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[masala film]]<ref name="Rangan" /> written and directed by Prithvi Rajkumar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-12 |title=Vetrimaaran's new avatar – Tamil Movie News |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/75334.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107205441/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/75334.html |archive-date=7 January 2012 |access-date=2012-04-17 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> The film stars [[Nakul (actor)|Nakul]], [[Chandini Tamilarasan]], and newcomer [[Avani Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai Box-Office – April 26 to 28 – Sify.com |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027596&cid=13525926 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030104450/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=15027596&cid=13525926 |archive-date=30 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film initially focuses on a peculiar young man in [[Himachal Pradesh]], who is suffering from a [[sleep disorder]] and hangs out with a [[peer group]] that is much younger than his actual age. After learning about the existence of his [[lookalike]], the man leaves his mountainous village and goes searching for him. He learns about his lookalike's life by questioning people who were once close to the other man.

== Plot ==

Jeeva is a Tamil-speaking young man living with his mother in some obscure [[Himachal Pradesh]] village. He is naive and plays with kids half his age. Jeeva has a [[sleep disorder]] and dozes off in the middle of important things, viz. the climax of ''[[Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge]]''. Jeeva would be a hard eight a book of weirdness.

One day, a military serviceman mistakes him for a classmate named Raja from [[Chennai]] who looks just like him. After showing a few videos of Raja, he convinces Jeeva to leave his life in Himachal to go seek his lookalike. Most of the movie is basically Jeeva getting to know about Raja by talking to someone close to the latter. These people talked about Raja as they knew him. This results in a series of flashbacks which guide Jeeva and us on his search for Raja. We meet Raja's closest friend who has feelings for him. Through her, we go into another flashback and meet Valli who Raja had feelings for.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Nakul (actor)|Nakul]] in a [[dual role]] as Raja and Jeeva
* [[Chandini Tamilarasan|Chandini]] as Valli
* [[Avani Modi]] as Reema
* Nishanth as Wahab
* [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] as Isakkimuthu Annachi
* [[Gaurav Narayanan]] as Police Ravi
* [[Manivannan]] as Kamaraj
* [[Bobby Simha]] as Shankar Subramaniam
* [[Kasthuri (actress)|Kasthuri]] as Professor Bharathi
* [[Suresh (actor, born 1963)|Suresh]] as Raja's father
* Seetha as Raja's mother
* [[Vanitha Vijayakumar]] as Dr. Diana
* [[Aarthi (actress)|Aarthi]] as Karate Durga
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as Kamaraj's assistant
* [[G. V. Kumar]] as Reema's father
* Boys Rajan as Valli's father
* [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] as Diana's husband
* [[Vasu Vikram]] as Raja's uncle
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Drunkard
* [[Crane Manohar]] as Drunkard
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Professor
* Muthuraman as Commissioner
* [[Munnar Ramesh]] as Inspector
* [[Supergood Subramani]] as Inspector
{{colend}}

'''Special appearances'''
* [[Zareen Khan]] as [[Item number]] ''Malgova''
* [[Vetrimaaran]]
* [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
* [[Velraj]]
* [[Raaghav]] as a boxer

== Production ==
The shoot of the film began on 12 December 2011 at Sri Patalathri Narasimha Perumal Temple, Singaperumal Koil .<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-12-13 |title=Nakul starts his next |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-13/news-interviews/30510967_1_vetri-maaran-nakul-arivazhagan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716080131/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-13/news-interviews/30510967_1_vetri-maaran-nakul-arivazhagan |archive-date=2012-07-16 |access-date=2012-04-17 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-27 |title=Nakul in 'Vada Chennai'? - Tamil Movie News |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/79980.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329022530/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/79980.html |archive-date=29 March 2012 |access-date=2012-04-17 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-12 |title=Vetri Maaran Does It For His Assistant – Naan Rajavaga Pogiren – Nakul – Vetri Maaran – Prithviraj Kumar – Tamil Movie News |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/dec-11-02/naan-rajavaga-pogiren-nakul-12-12-11.html |access-date=2012-04-17 |website=Behindwoods.com}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Naan Rajavaga Pogiren
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|12|14}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| label = Gemini Audio
| producer = [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
| prev_title = [[Paradesi (2012 film)|Paradesi]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Ongole Githa]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
The soundtrack, composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar, was released on 14 December 2012 at Sathyam Cinemas by Ameer Sultan and Dhanush. Apart from the cast and crew, Vasanthabalan, Gaurav, Sivakarthikeyan, Jithan Ramesh, Vanitha Vijayakumar, Sriman, Dhananjayan were among those present.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-27 |title=Audio beat: Pleasing to the ear - The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-pleasing-to-the-ear/article4252684.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127222341/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-pleasing-to-the-ear/article4252684.ece |archive-date=27 November 2016 |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> Musicperk.com rated the album 5.5/10 quoting "GV misses the bus".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naan Rajavaaga Pogiren {{!}} Musicperk - Trending news, analysis, reviews, ratings and exclusive content for music. |url=http://www.musicperk.com/naan-rajavaaga-pogiren/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120060016/http://www.musicperk.com/naan-rajavaaga-pogiren/ |archive-date=2013-01-20 |website=www.musicperk.com}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Performer(s)
| title1 = College Paadam | extra1 = [[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Megha (singer)|Megha]], Santhosh | lyrics1 = Annamalai | title2 = Yaarivano | extra2 = G. V. Prakash Kumar, [[Saindhavi]] | lyrics2 = [[Madhan Karky]] | title3 = Kalaaipom | extra3 = [[Silambarasan]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimovic|Zlatan]], Maya, Satish | lyrics3 = Prithvi Rajkumar | title4 = Raja Raja | extra4 = [[Shalmali Kholgade]] | lyrics4 = Madhan Karky | title5 = Malgova | extra5 = [[Sonu Kakkar]] | lyrics5 = Annamalai | length =
}}

== Release ==
The satellite rights of the film were sold to [[Raj TV]].

== Critical reception ==
[[Baradwaj Rangan]] from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Not-bad fare for masala movie fans".<ref name="Rangan">{{Cite news |last=Rangan |first=Baradwaj |author-link=Baradwaj Rangan |date=2013-04-27 |title=Naan Rajavaga Pogiren: This masala works |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/naan-rajavaga-pogiren-this-masala-works/article4660467.ece |access-date=2020-09-22 |work=The Hindu |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Behindwoods wrote:"Naan Rajavaga Pogiren is an ambitious effort, by a promising new comer, but with a less gripping screenplay".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naan Rajavaga Pogiren Movie Review naan, Naan Rajavaga Pogiren, nakul |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/naan-rajavaga-pogiren/naan-rajavaga-pogiren-review.html}}</ref> [[Sify]] stated On the whole, it is well-worn, formulaic fare that might appeal to viewers who find comfort in the familiar. If you have time go for it, as it is not entirely unwatchable.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Review : Naan Rajavaga Pogiren |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-rajavaga-pogiren-review-tamil-15027301.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501153453/http://www.sify.com/movies/naan-rajavaga-pogiren-review-tamil-15027301.html |archive-date=1 May 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=2576666}}

{{Vetrimaaran}}

[[Category:2013 action adventure films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 masala films]]
[[Category:Films scored by G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
[[Category:Indian action adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Films set in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action adventure films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Rao Raja Chattar Sal

2026-03-02T18:28:31Z

Curi Hospital: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Raja of Bundi from 1632 to 1658}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Rao Raja Chatra Sal
| title = [[Raja]]
| image = Brooklyn Museum - Portrait of Rao Chattar Sal of Bundi.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Rao Chattar Sal of Bundi
| succession = [[Bundi State|Raja of Bundi]]
| reign = 1632–29 May 1658
| predecessor = Rao Raja Ratan Singh
| successor = Rao Raja Bhao Singh
| birth_date = 1605
| death_date = 29 May 1658
| house = [[Hada Chauhan]]
| father = Yuvraj Gopinath Singh
| mother = Sisodiniji Deep Kanwarji d.of Kunwar [[Jagmal]] and grandaughter of Maharana [[Udai Singh II]] of [[Mewar]]
| spouse = {{ubl|
*Rathorji Shyam Kanwarji of [[Marwar]]
*Chandrawatji Prem Kanwarji of [[Rampura State|Rampura]]
*Sisodiniji Raj Kanwarji of [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]]
*Narukiji Nritya Kanwarji of Kakor in [[Kingdom of Amber|Amber]]
*Solankiniji Suraj Kanwarji of Nainwa in [[Bundi]]
*Jadonji Anand Kanwarji of [[Karauli]]
*Rathorji Phool Kanwarji of [[Idar State|Idar]]
*Solankiniji Har Kanwarji
*Ranawatji Chandra Kanwarji of [[Mewar]]
*Parmarji Ram Kanwarji of [[Bijolia]] in [[Mewar]]
*Rathorji Laksh Kanwarji of [[Idar State|Idar]]
*Rathorji Kalyan Kanwarji of Gothra in [[Bundi]]
*Gaurji Padam Kanwarji of [[Rajgarh State|Rajgarh]] in [[Ajmer]]
*Chundawatji Shyam Kanwarji of [[Begun]] in [[Mewar]]
*Jhaliji Sada Kanwarji of Gangdhar in [[Jhalawar]]
}}
| issue = {{ubl|
*Maharao Bhao Singh
*Bhim Singh
*Bhagwant Singh
*Bharat Singh
*Bhupat Singh (died infant)
*Bhupal Singh (died infant)
*Ishwari Singh (died infant)
*Karam Kanwarji (m. to Maharaja [[Jaswant Singh]] of [[Marwar]])
*Khuman Kanwarji (m. to Maharana [[Raj Singh I]] of [[Mewar]])
*Ram Kanwarji (m. to Maharaja Anup Singh Ju Dev of [[Rewa (princely state)|Rewa]])
*Ganga Kanwarji (m. to Maharana [[Jai Singh of Mewar]])
*Kalyan Kanwarji (died infant)
*Laad Kanwarji (died infant)
}}
| full name = Maharajadhiraj Hatendra Shiromani Deo Sar Buland Rai Maharao Shri Raja Chattar Sal Singh Hada
}}

'''Maharao Chhatra Sal''' (born 1605 - died 29 May 1658), also known as '''Raja''' '''Shatru Sal''', was one of the most prominent and illustrious ruler of the [[Bundi State|Kingdom of Bundi]] belonging to the [[Hada Chauhan|Hada-Chauhan dynasty]]. He was a high ranking [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] official at the imperial court under the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]]. He built the [[Keshav Rai Temple]] and the marvellous Chhatra Mahal in the upper storey of [[Taragarh Fort, Bundi|Taragarh Fort]] in the capital [[Bundi]] which also used to be the official residence of the rulers of Bundi.
== Ascension ==
He ascended the throne of Bundi after his grandfather, Maharao Ratan Singh, as his father Yuvraj Gopinath Singh died while Ratan Singh was still alive.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}
== Relations with the Mughal Empire ==
He served in the Mughal army as the commander of his Hada-Chauhan Rajput battalions, which was considered an integral part of the Mughal military by Shah Jahan. Rao Chatra Sal was trusted by the crown prince [[Dara Shikoh]]. He also served as a foster brother to princess [[Jahanara Begum|Jahanara]], Shah Jahan's eldest daughter, with whom he shared a close friendship.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kobita Sarker|title=Shah Jahan and his paradise on earth: the story of Shah Jahan's creations in Agra and Shahjahanabad in the golden days of the Mughals|page=191|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R20MAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=K.P. Bagchi & Co.|isbn=978-81-7074-300-2}}</ref>
== Mughal war of succession ==
{{Main|Mughal war of succession (1658–1659)}}
Chhatra Sal supported Dara Shikoh and fought along with him during the [[Mughal war of succession (1658–1659)|war of duccession against Aurangzeb]], despite temptations and threats from the latter. Maharao Chatra Sal being the head commander general died fighting while leading his Rajput troops<ref>{{cite book |author1=Crump, Vivien |author2=Toh, Irene |title=Rajasthan |location=London |publisher=Everyman Guides |year=1996 |isbn=1-85715-887-3 |page=291}}</ref> in the [[Battle of Samugarh]] in the year 1658 along with his youngest son Kunwar Bharat Singh, members of the [[Kota people (India)|Kota]] family and several other clansmen and his own family members.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sodhi, Jiwan |title=A Study of Bundi School of Painting |location=India |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1999 |isbn=81-7017-347-7 |page=29}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Chhatra Sal had married Shyam Kanwar as his first queen consort. She was the daughter of Kunwar Dalpat Singh, the grandfather of [[Ratan Singh Rathore]]. She was the mother of his eldest son, Maharao Bhao Singh (1658–1681), who succeeded his father to the throne of Bundi.{{citation needed|date=September 2025}}

==See also==
*[[Kingdom of Mewar]]
*[[Battle of Dharmat]]
*[[Jaswant Singh of Marwar]]

==References==
<references/>
5. Vansh Bhaskar by Suryamal Mishran

Vol.V.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao Chattar Sal}}
[[Category:Maharajas of Bundi State]]
[[Category:17th-century Mughal Empire people]]
[[Category:1658 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Nimki Mukhiya

2026-02-27T01:12:32Z

Curi Hospital: Created The Article Added Tags

{{short description|Indian Hindi-language television serial}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name =
| image =
| caption = 
| genre = Drama
| creator = [[Zama Habib]]
| writer = Zama Habib
| director = Rakesh Kumar
Inder Das
| editor = Masih Habib
| creative_director = Manjari Mukul
| starring = Bhumika Gurung Malhotra Abhishek Sharma
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| executive_producer =
| camera = Multi-camera
| producer = [[Zama Habib]] Ishrat Ara
| company = Qissago Telefilms LLP
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| network = [[Star Bharat]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2017|8|28}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2019|08|10}}
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 598 
| related = ''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]''
}}
'''''Nimki Mukhiya''''' is an Indian drama television which premiered on 28 August 2017 on [[Star Bharat]]. Produced by [[Zama Habib]], it stars Bhumika Gurung Malhotra and Abhishek Sharma.

==Plot==
The story, set in a small village in Bihar, deals with the life of Nimki, a carefree, materialistic girl who accidentally becomes the Mukhiya (chief) of the village. Nimki is mad about cinema, a dreamer and unaware of the darkness of the world. Tetar singh father of Babbu is obsessed with power so he convinces Nimki that babbu is in love with Nimki. Nimki loves Babbu and she believes that Babbu loves her, too.

After becoming chief of the village, Nimki is married to Babbu Singh, son of Tetar Singh, former chief of the village. Tetar's intention to make Nimki his daughter-in-law is to fulfill his political ambitions but no one in Babbu's family accepts Nimki. They housed her in a maid's room and treated her like one. But Nimki believed that Tetar's family will love her one day. After many incidents Sweety, Babbu's sister befriends her. Meanwhile, Sweety falls in love with BDO Abhimanyu Rai. But Abhimanyu loved Nimki secretly and he could not express his love and agrees to marry Sweety, who has just divorced her cheating husband, Rituraj.

Tetar did not favour this and planned against Nimki. Babbu shoots Sweety to stop her marriage with Abhimanyu. Sweety realises Abhimanyu's feelings for Nimki and hence decides to leave him and remarries Rituraj, when Rituraj learns why Sweety marries him, he blackmails and [[rape]]s Sweety. Tunney is aware that Rituraj rapes Sweety daily, but keeps mum to reunite Ahimanyu and Nimki. Nimki realises that she never loves Babbu, it was just attraction rather she started loving Abhimanyu.

She organises a [[fashion show]] in the village to raise funds for development, but Tetar and Babbu are opposed. Before the beginning of the fashion show Tetar Singh tries to stop it and the villagers insult him. To avenge his father's insult, during the fashion show Babbu [[rape]]s Nimki. Nimki overcomes her sorrow and again lives her normal life. She doesn't change her attitude or her swag. Nimki takes Babbu to court on rape charges, but Babbu kidnaps Elina to blackmail Tunney into giving fake proof against Nimki in court. She still tries to get him punished, but he is declared innocent. She then learns of her [[pregnancy]].

Babbu saves his sister Sweety from being raped by Rituraj, then realises his mistake and asks Nimki's forgiveness. He reforms and pleads with her to give their marriage a second chance. Seeing his changed behaviour, she forgives him and moves back into the mansion with him upsetting her family members. Nimki decides to support Babbu to teach him lesson for his wrongdoing but she doesn't want to involve her family members in this fight therefore she maintains a distance from them, further disappointing them. Mahua is angry on her and doesn't allow her to meet sick Monu. She asks Nimki to choose between her and Babbu and Nimki chooses Babbu as he is the father of her unborn child. To harm Babbu, Mahua throws a brick at Babbu but Nimki comes in between and the brick hits her abdomen. After realising Nimki's support for him, Babbu decides to support her and chooses her over his family as she, too, chose him over her own family.

To free Sweety from Rituraaj, Nimki suggests to Babbu to contest the election. Tetar Singh becomes angry that his own son challenges him in the election. Both parties gain the voters' trust. One such day, Monu comes to Haveli to meet Nimki after learning that Nimki visits Ghattola. Nimki slaps Anaro when she insults Monu. Nimki tries every way to break every pillar of Haveli. Nimki Babbu shares some lovey-dovey moments while talking to their unborn. Tunney has little understanding towards Nimki's plan and he along with Abhimanyu secretly support Nimki.

Tater Singh holds a rally in the village, where he bridges himself with praise. He tells Nimki's sister Mahuaa to speak out against Nimki and Babbu. Rituraj rebuked Sweety for her condition after Tetar Singh wins the election. Just then, Sweety tells the crowd of villagers not to vote for Tater Singh and that he is not fit to be called a human and beats Rituraaj in front of everyone. Tater Singh's rally is spoiled.

After some time Babbu goes to Nimki's house and she tells us how much Nimki loves her sister Mahuaa and all the family members. Mahuaa and everyone else agree that Babbu has improved and all are happy as before. Babbu arrives at the mansion to take Nimki to reunite him with his family. In Babbu's absence, Tetar and Rituraj tangle with Sweety and Nimki and knock Nimki down on the stomach. Annaro Devi is also there, severely deteriorating Nimki's condition. Tetar Singh realises that Nimki's condition is critical. To eliminate Babbu from MLA position, Tetar makes his wife Annaro Devi a pawn and knocks her down the stairs while Rekha (Dabloo's wife) is watching. Now Diamond is also with Nimki. When the police arrive, Anaro Devi gives testimony against Babbu. She holds Babbu responsible for her and Nimki's accident. Nimki [[Miscarriage|loses her child]], enraging Babbu. Nimki and Babbu decide to punish everyone who is responsible for death of his unborn child.

A fight ensures between Babu and Tetar Singh. Anaro and Diamond also arrive. Nimki goes missing, Tunney, Abhimanyu and Sweety search for her. Meanwhile, Anaro tries to stop Babbu and Tetar Singh's fight. On the way, Abhimanyu and Sweety's car collides with a tree. Abhimanyu is hit on the head, seeing Sweety's care and love for him, Abhimanyu chooses Sweety over Nimki. Nimki arrives there and reveals to Tetar Singh and others that it was on Rituraaj's suggestion, not hers, that Babbu decided to contest the election, therefore he begs Nimki. She then shows a recorded video in which Rituraaj suggested to Babbu to accept Nimki as it was the only way to win the MLA seat and go against his own family. The more he defied his family, the more voters trusted him and his chances of him winning the MLA election would increase. Tetar knocks down Babbu, Anaro doesn't believe this and after giving her testimony against Tetar Singh she goes insane. Nimki approaches Babbu and says that she knew he has not changed Babbu Singh and that he resembles his father and that even were Babbu to change, she would not forgive him, and that she is an example for those who are unable to act for fear of being [[rape]]d. She labelled him a rapist and said that she would never forgive him. The police then arrest Tetar Singh. While leaving, Tetar Singh kills Rituraj with a stone. Anaro Devi cannot believe that her son has died. Nimki remembers all the previous things but she wears her glasses to hide her pain and walks away.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Bhumika Gurung|Bhumika Gurung Malhotra]] as Namkeen "Nimki" Singh (née Kumari) - the village's first female Mukhiya, Rambachan's eldest daughter, Mahua and Monu's sister, Babbu Singh's widow, Abhimannyu's love interest
* [[Indraneil Sengupta]] as Abhimannyu Rai a.k.a. BDO Babu - Elena's father, Sweety and Nimki's love interest
* [[Abhishek Sharma (actor)|Abhishek Sharma]] as Babbu Singh - Nimki's husband(Dead); Tetar and Anaro's second son; Dabloo, Sweety and Diamond's brother

===Recurring===
* [[Priyanshu Singh]] as Tunney - Nimki's friend, Mahua's love interest
* [[Ankit Sagar]] as Rambachan - Nimki, Mahua and Monu's father
* [[Saniya Noorain]] as Mahua Kumari - Rambachan's second daughter, Nimki and Monu's sister, Tunney's love interest
* [[Arafat Shaikh]] as Monu - Rambachan's son, Nimki and Mahua's younger brother
* [[Shriya Jha]] as Sweety Singh - Tetar and Anaro's daughter; Babbu, Dabloo and Diamond's sister; Rituraj's wife
* Vijay Kumar as Tetar Singh - Dabloo, Sweety, Babbu and Diamond's father; Anaro's husband<ref name="prabhatkhabar">{{cite news |title=पटना से मुंबई तक का सफर ऐसे पूरा किया निमकी मुखिया के ठाकुर साहब ने |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/1218650 |access-date=28 February 2021 |work=Prabhat Khabar |date=28 October 2018 |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Garima Vikrant Singh]] / Neelima Singh as Anaro Devi - Dabloo, Sweety, Babbu and Diamond's mother; Tetar's wife
* Rishi Khurana as Rituraj Singh - Sweety's husband; Tetar and Anaro's son-in-law; Dabloo, Babbu and Diamond's brother-in-law
* [[Karaan Singh]] as Dabloo Singh - Tetar and Anaro's eldest son; Rekha's husband; Sweety, Babbu and Diamond's brother
* [[Shiwani Chakraborty]] as Rekha Singh a.k.a. Gajwawali - Dabloo's wife; Tetar and Anaro's daughter-in-law; Sweety, Babbu and Diamond's sister-in-law
* [[Jatin Suri]] as Diamond Singh - Tetar and Anaro's youngest son; Dabloo, Sweety and Babbu's younger brother
* [[Rita Bhaduri]] as [[Imarti Devi]] - Tetar's mother; Anaro's mother-in-law; Dabloo, Sweety, Babbu and Diamond's grandmother
* [[Syed Ashraf Karim]] as Nahar Singh - political leader
* [[Reena Rani]] as Bimla Devi a.k.a. Dhumriwali - Rambhachan's neighbour; aunt figure to Nimki, Mahua and Monu
* [[Sulabha Arya]] as Parvati Devi - Abhimanyu's aunt
* [[Hemaakshi Ujjain]] as [[Neelu]] - Rambachan's sister; Nimki, Mahua and Monu's aunt
* [[Ahmad Harhash]] as Raj Singh Babbu Singh son

==Production==
===Development===
{{blockquote|Once, when I was travelling in Bihar, I saw a board that said ‘Mukhiya pati’ and below in small fonts was the name of his wife. When I tried to find out more, I realised the woman had become the mukhiya (village chief) thanks to the reservation but she still carried on with her household chores, while her husband managed her official work. That for me was a criminal act as they were misusing the power given to them. That intrigued me to write a story on how we as humans are sometimes not ready to embrace power or responsibilities.|[[Zama Habib]] during September 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/meet-the-showrunners-nimki-mukhiya-producer-zama-habib-5961083/|title=Nimki Mukhiya producer Zama Habib: Wanted to address socio-political issues in an entertaining and engaging way|website=The Indian Express|access-date=3 March 2021|date=3 September 2019}}</ref>}}

==Reception==
===Critics===
Following the launch of ''Nimki Vidhayak'', [[The Print]] praised the series stating, "The TV serial was a realistic portrayal of caste, class and gender politics in rural India, exposing the deep socio-cultural fissures that still run through the heart of the country. Nimki had stood her ground, an example for millions of exploited women in the country".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theprint.in/opinion/telescope/star-bharats-nimki-vidhayak-serial-disgrace-women-more-so-rape-survivors/306921/%3famp|title=Star Bharat's Nimki Vidhayak serial is a disgrace on all women, more so on rape survivors|website=The Print|access-date=3 March 2021|date=17 August 2020}}</ref>

In February 2020, [[The Print]] again praised the series along with Nimki's character by stating, " For two years Nimki Mukhiya, the show and the character, have stood out in a cast of TV shows that feature a galaxy of young women characters overdressed and under-employed who inhabit huge, hollow mansions and spend entire episodes fighting with other women just like them over men who are equally overdressed and under-employed".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theprint.in/opinion/telescope/whats-common-between-kejriwal-and-nimki-vidhayak-both-swear-by-hanuman/364475/%3famp|title=What's common between Kejriwal and Nimki Vidhayak? Both swear by Hanuman|website=The Print|access-date=3 March 2021|date= 17 February 2020}}</ref>

==Sequel series==
A sequel series, ''[[Nimki Vidhayak]]'' starring [[Bhumika Gurung]] aired from 10 August 2019 to 1 February 2020 replacing this series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sequel-of-nimki-mukhiya-set-for-august-launch-on-star-bharat|title=Sequel of 'Nimki Mukhiya' set for August launch on Star Bharat – Biz Asia|website=Biz Asia|access-date=3 March 2021|date=30 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=TV show 'Nimki Mukhiya' to come back with a second season |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tv-show-nimki-mukhiya-to-come-back-with-a-second-season/articleshow/70447888.cms |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=30 July 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|qid=Q39059999|title=Nimki Mukhiya}}
{{Star Bharat Programmes}}

[[Category:2017 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama television series]]
[[Category:Star Bharat original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian political television series]]

Jaunpur–Bhojpur War

2026-02-22T16:09:41Z

Curi Hospital: Creating new stub!

{{Short description|Military conflict in Bihar}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| image =
| caption =
| conflict = Jaunpur–Bhojpur War
| partof =
| date = 1389 – 1489
| place = [[Bhojpuri region]]
| result = [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]] victory
* The Ujjainiyas fled into the forests and hills.
* By the late 1400s, many Parmar Ujjainiyas had begun paying tribute to the [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]], as the Paramara chief Durlabh Deva had accepted Jaunpur’s suzerainty.
| combatant1 = [[Jaunpur Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Ujjainiya]]s of Bhojpur
| commander1 = {{ubl|Malik Sarwar | Mahmud Shah Sharqi | Jamal Khan}}
| commander2 = {{ubl|Raja Harraj | Santan Singh | Raja Onkar Deva}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

The '''Jaunpur–Bhojpur war''', also known as the '''Sharqi–Ujjainiya War''', refers to the military conflict between the [[Jaunpur Sultanate]] and the [[Ujjainiya|Ujjainiya Paramaras]] of the [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]] region of [[Bihar]] and [[Purvanchal]].<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Relation of Bhojpur and Jaunpur (From 1389 A.D. to 1519 A.D | author= Md. Iftekhar Alam | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume = 44| year=1983 | pages= 213|jstor = 44139839}}</ref>

{{Jaunpur Sultanate}}

==Background==
According to the seventeenth-century ''khyat'' which contains the history of the Ujjainiyas, noted that in 1389, the sultan of Jaunpur crossed the [[Karmanasa River]] and halted in [[Buxar]] which is a holy city in [[Hinduism]] and received a lot of pilgrims. His main motivation for advancing to this position was that he coveted control of the ferry of [[Chausa]].<ref name="AlamSubrahmanyam1998">{{cite book|author1=Muzaffar Alam|author2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=The Mug̲h̲al State, 1526-1750|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.118059/page/n109/mode/2up/search/jaunpur|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563905-6|pages=104–106}}</ref>
Upon their arrival, they noticed [[Brahmin]]s performing prayers and rituals. They proceeded to disturb and interfere with the rituals which drew the attention of the Ujjainiyas. The Ujjainiyas were initially successful in driving the Jaunpur Sultanate out of the region however they later returned plundered the city, destroying the temples in the process.<ref name="Kolff2002">{{cite book|author=Dirk H. A. Kolff |author-link=Dirk H. A. Kolff |title=Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrdiVPsFRYIC&pg=PA60|date=8 August 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52305-9|pages=60–62}}</ref> The Ujjainiyas were then forced to flee into the forests.

==Final defeat==
After their defeat, the Ujjainiyas retreated into the hills and forests and continued to harass the forces of the Jaunpur Sultanate by using guerrilla warfare. After the death of Sultan Malik Sarwar in 1399, many Ujjainiyas felt it safe to return from living in the forest. However, for certain periods throughout the 1400s, many Ujjainiyas had to return to living in the forests.<ref name="Prasad1987">{{cite book|author=Rajiva Nain Prasad|title=History of Bhojpur, 1320-1860 A.D.|year=1987|publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute}}</ref> By the latter half of the 1400s, many Ujjaniyas were paying tribute to the Jaunpur Sultan as the Ujjainiya chief at the time, Durlabh Deva had accepted their suzerainty. This continued until the Jaunpur Sultanate was eventually absorbed into the [[Lodi dynasty]].<ref name="Kolff2002"/>

==See also==
*[[Bengal Sultanate-Jaunpur Sultanate War]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Jaunpur Sultanate navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaunpur-Bhojpur War}}
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Jaunpur Sultanate]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]

1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election

2026-02-04T16:31:34Z

Curi Hospital: Content updated and refined

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1951 Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly election
| country = Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1947 Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha election
| previous_year = 1947
| previous_mps =
| election_date = September–October 1951
| next_election = 1957 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1957
| seats_for_election= All 75 seats in [[Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 38
| opinion_polls =
| turnout =

| image1 = [[File:JKNC-flag.svg|100x90px]]
| party1 = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
| leader1 = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| leader_since1 =
| leaders_seat1 =
| last_election1 =
| seats1 = 75
| seat_change1 =

| image2 =
| party2 =
| leader2 =
| leader_since2 =
| leaders_seat2 =
| last_election2 =
| seats2 =
| seat_change2 =

| image4 =
| leader4 =
| party4 =
| leader_since4 =
| leaders_seat4 =
| last_election4 =
| seats4 =
| seat_change4 =

| title = Prime Minister
| before_election = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| before_party = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
| after_election = [[Sheikh Abdullah]]
| after_party = Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
}}

Elections for the [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir|Constituent Assembly]] of the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] were held in September–October 1951.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=229}} [[Sheikh Abdullah]] was appointed the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Following frictions with various groups such as the [[Jammu Praja Parishad]], Abdullah was dismissed in August 1953 and imprisoned. [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] was appointed as the next prime minister.

==Background==
The princely state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|acceded]] to the Union of India on 26 October 1947. Shortly afterwards, the [[Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir]] appointed [[Sheikh Abdullah]] as the Head of Emergency Administration, who ran the affairs in the [[Kashmir Valley]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]. Following the cease-fire achieved on 1 January 1949, Sheikh Abdullah was appointed the Prime Minister of the state on 5 March 1948. He chose an eight-member Cabinet, with the other members being:{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=188}}
* [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] – Deputy Prime Minister
* [[Mirza Afzal Beg]] – Revenue
* Sardar Budh Singh – Health and Rehabilitation
* [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]] – Development
* Shyam Lal Saraf – Civil Supplies and Local Self-Government
* [[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] – Finance
* Pir Mohammad Khan – Education
The [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], the party of Sheikh Abdullah, announced on 27 October 1950 its decision to convene a Constituent Assembly for the state of Jammu and Kashmir.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=169}}

Pakistan immediately raised a complaint in the [[United Nations Security Council]] stating that India was convening a Constituent Assembly to "ratify the formal accession of the State to India" in contravention of the Security Council resolutions.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=163, 185}} India reassured all parties that the decision of the Constituent Assembly would not affect India's commitments in the Security Council.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}} The Security Council took note of the development in its [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 91|30 March 1951 resolution]] and reminded both the Indian and Pakistani governments of the past resolutions of the Security Council and affirmed that the decisions of the Constituent Assembly would not be binding.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=168–169}}{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=54}}

On 30 April, the Prince Regent [[Karan Singh]] issued a proclamation announcing the elections for the Constituent Assembly based on the adult franchise by secret ballot. The elections took place in September–October 1951.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}}
The Constituent Assembly was to have a nominal membership of 100 members, of which 25 seats were allocated to [[Azad Kashmir]] under Pakistani control (which were never filled). Of the remaining 75 seats, [[Kashmir Division|Kashmir]] was allocated 43 seats, [[Ladakh]] 2 seats, and [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] 30 seats.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}}{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|p=55}}

==The election==
The elections were conducted by the State's election and franchise commissioner.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ahuja|first=M. L.|title=Electoral Politics and General Elections in India, 1952-1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFCjniBF9s8C&pg=PA101|date=1998|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-711-5|pages=101}}</ref>
The procedures of the election were highly irregular. All the 43 seats allocated to Kashmir went to the National Conference candidates, who were elected unopposed a week before the date of the elections. In Jammu, 13 candidates belonging to the [[Jammu Praja Parishad]] had their nominations rejected. The Praja Parishad then boycotted the elections, blaming the Government's illegal practices and official interference. Two independent candidates dropped out at the last moment, giving a clean sweep to the National Conference.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}}{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|pp=55–56}} In Ladakh, the Head Lama, [[19th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche|Kushak Bakula]] and an associate won seats, as nominal members of the National Conference.<ref name="BubandtBeek2012">{{cite book |last1=van Beek |first1=Martijn |chapter=Enlightened democracy: Normative secularism and spiritual authority on the margins of Indian politics |editor1=Nils Ole Bubandt |editor2=Martijn Van Beek |title=Varieties of Secularism in Asia: Anthropological Explorations of Religion, Politics and the Spiritual |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9tKoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 |date= 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-66864-7 |page=87}}</ref> Thus, the National Conference won all the 75 seats to the Constituent Assembly, which convened on 31 October 1951.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=186}}

Scholar [[Sumantra Bose]] states that the manner of elections indicated that the National Conference elites wanted to govern Jammu and Kashmir as a [[party state|one party state]]. Their slogan was "One Leader, One Party, One Programme". [[Balraj Puri]], a journalist and secular activist from Jammu, is said to have argued with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] that Ghulam Mohiuddin Karra's group in the Kashmir Valley should be allowed to function as an opposition group in the state. While Nehru agreed with the principle, he stated that nothing should be done to weaken Sheikh Abdullah.{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|pp=56–57}}

The [[Jammu Praja Parishad]], having been denied opportunities for the democratic opposition, took to the streets. It demanded full integration of the state with India to ensure the "legitimate democratic rights of the people" against the "anti-Dogra government of Sheikh Abdullah".{{sfn|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003|pp=56–57}} The conflict with the Praja Parishad eventually led to the termination of Sheikh Abdullah's rule.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Balraj |last=Puri |author-link=Balraj Puri |title=Schizophrenia in Jammu? |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=9 |number=6/8 |date=Feb 1974 |pages=185–187 |jstor=4363413}}: "The agitation of the Jammu Praja Parishad in 1952-53 against the special status of the state is generally acknowledged to be the cause of Sheikh Abdullah's final breach with New Delhi."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Tillin, Asymmetry in Indian Federalism|2006|pp=54–55}}: "It was partly in response to their campaign that Sheikh Abdullah began to emphasize the option of Kashmir’s independence, leading to his arrest in 1953 and the installation of a more pliant government which gave its consent to the extension of most of the Indian constitution to Jammu and Kashmir."</ref>

== Results ==
The elected members of the assembly, according to data hosted by the South Asia Terrorism Portal, were:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Proclamation of May 1, 1951 on the Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly |url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/documents/papers/proclamation_may_1_1951.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420192359/https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/documents/papers/proclamation_may_1_1951.htm |archive-date=20 April 2024 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=South Asia Terrorism Portal}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''No.'''
|'''Member'''
|'''Constituency'''
|-
|1.
|[[Maulana Masoodi|Maulana Mohammad Sayeed Masudi]]
|[[Amira Kadal Assembly constituency|Amira Kadal]]
|-
|2.
|[[Sheikh Abdullah|Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]]
|[[Hazratbal Assembly constituency|Hazratbal]]
|-
|3.
|[[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]]
|[[Safa Kadal]]
|-
|4
|[[Mirza Afzal Beg|Mirza Mohammed Afzal Beg]]
|[[Anantnag Assembly constituency|Anantnag]]
|-
|5
|[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]]
|[[Hiranagar Assembly constituency|Jasmergarh]]
|-
|6
|Shyam Lal Saraf
|[[Habba Kadal Assembly constituency|Habba Kadal]]
|-
|7
|Abdul Aziz Shawl
|[[Rajouri Assembly constituency|Rajouri]]
|-
|8
|Abdul Gani Trali
|[[Rajpora Assembly constituency|Rajpora]]
|-
|9
|Abdul Gani Goni
|[[Bhalessa–Bunjwah Assembly constituency|Bhalesa]]
|-
|10
|Syed Abdul Qudus
|[[Beerwah Assembly constituency|Beerwah]]
|-
|11
|[[Bakshi Abdur Rashid]]
|[[Charari Sharief Assembly constituency|Charar-i-Sharief]]
|-
|12
|Abdul Kabir Khan
|[[Bandipora Assembly constituency|Bandipora]] ([[Gurez Assembly constituency|Gurez]])
|-
|13
|Abdul Khaliq
|[[Sonawari Assembly constituency|Sonawari]]
|-
|14
|Syed Allaudin Gilani
|[[Handwara Assembly constituency|Handwara]]
|-
|15
|Assad Ullah Mir
|[[Ramban Assembly constituency|Ramban]]
|-
|16
|Bhagat Ram
|Lander [[Tikri Assembly constituency|Tikri]] (now part of [[Udhampur West Assembly constituency|Udhampur West]])
|-
|17
|Bhagat Chhajju Ram
|[[Ranbir Singh Pora–Jammu South Assembly constituency|Ranbirsinghpora]]
|-
|18
|Sardar Chela Singh
|[[Chhamb Assembly constituency|Chhamb]]
|-
|19
|Chuni Lal Kotwal
|[[Bhaderwah Assembly constituency|Bhaderwah]]
|-
|20
|[[Durga Prasad Dhar]]
|[[Kulgam Assembly constituency|Kulgam]]
|-
|21
|Ghulam Ahmad Mir
|[[Dachnipora|Dachinpara]]
|-
|22
|Master Ghulam Ahmed
|[[Poonch Haveli Assembly constituency|Haveli]]
|-
|23
|Ghulam Ahmad Dev
|[[Doda Assembly constituency|Doda]]
|-
|24
|Pirzada Ghulam Gilani
|[[Pampore Assembly constituency|Pampore]]
|-
|25
|Ghulam Hassan Khan
|[[Noorabad Assembly constituency|Narwah]]
|-
|26
|Ghulam Hassan Bhat
|[[Nandi Assembly constituency|Nandi]] (now part of [[Noorabad Assembly constituency|Noorabad]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/794362/1/JPI_December_2019.pdf |website=Parliament Digital Library |page=86}}</ref>
|-
|27
|Ghulam Hassan Malik
|[[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Devsar]]
|-
|28
|Pir Ghulam Mohammad Masoodi
|[[Tral Assembly constituency|Tral]]
|-
|29
|[[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]]
|[[Tankipora Assembly constituency|Tankipora]] (Fateh Kadal)
|-
|30
|Mirza Ghulam Mohammad Beg
|[[Naubug Assembly constituency|Naubag]] ([[Breng Valley|Brang Valley]])
|-
|31
|Ghulam Mohammad Butt
|[[Pattan Assembly constituency|Pattan]]
|-
|32
|Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Khan
|[[Khan Sahib Assembly constituency|Khansahib]]
|-
|33
|Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Hamdani
|[[Khanyar Assembly constituency|Khanyar]]
|-
|34
|Mirwaiz Ghulam Nabi Hamdani
|[[Zadibal Assembly constituency|Zadibal]]
|-
|35
|Ghulam Nabi Wani
|[[Darhgam Assembly constituency|Daragam]] (now part of [[Wagoora–Kreeri Assembly constituency|Wagoora-Kreeri]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2024 |title=Polling Station-Wise Data |url=https://ceojk.nic.in/pdf/Lok_sabha_2024/Electoral_Data_PS_03.2024.pdf |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |page=47}}</ref>
|-
|36
|[[Ghulam Nabi Wani]]
|[[Lolab Assembly constituency|Lolab]]
|-
|37
|Ghulam Qadir Bhat
|[[Kangan Assembly constituency|Kangan]]
|-
|38
|Ghulam Qadir Masala
|[[Drugmulla]] (now part of [[Kupwara Assembly constituency|Kupwara]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Election {{!}} District Kupwara, Government of Jammu & Kashmir {{!}} India |url=https://kupwara.nic.in/election/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|39
|Ghulam Rasool Sheikh
|[[Shopian Assembly constituency|Shopian]]
|-
|40
|[[Ghulam Rasool Kar]]
|[[Rafiabad Assembly constituency|Hamal]]
|-
|41
|Ghulam Rasool Kraipak
|[[Kishtwar Assembly constituency|Kishtwar]]
|-
|42
|Hakim Habibullah Khan
|[[Sopore Assembly constituency|Sopore]]
|-
|43
|Hem Raj Jandial
|[[Ramnagar, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Ramnagar]]
|-
|44
|Sardar Harbans Singh Azad
|[[Baramulla Assembly constituency|Baramulla]]
|-
|45
|Syed Ibrahim Shah
|[[Kargil Assembly constituency|Kargil]]
|-
|46
|Ishar Devi Maini
|[[Jammu North Assembly constituency|Jammu North]]
|-
|47
|Janki Nath Kakroo
|[[Kothar Assembly constituency|Kothar]] (now part of [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]])<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/794362/1/JPI_December_2019.pdf |website=Parliament Digital Library |page=90}}</ref>
|-
|48
|Jamal-ud-Din
|[[Darhal Assembly constituency|Darhal]]
|-
|49
|Maulvi Jamaitali Shah
|[[Mendhar Assembly constituency|Mendhar]]
|-
|50
|[[19th Kushok Bakula Rinpoche|Kushak Bakula]]
|[[Leh Assembly constituency|Leh]]
|-
|51
|[[Krishan Dev Sethi|Kishen Dev Sethi]]
|[[Nowshera Assembly constituency|Nowshera]]
|-
|52
|Sardar Kulbir Singh
|[[Poonch (town)|Poonch City]]
|-
|53
|Mohammad Afzal Khan
|[[Uri Assembly constituency|Uri]]
|-
|54
|Sheikh Mohammad Akbar
|[[Tangamarg Assembly constituency|Tangmarg]]
|-
|55
|Mohammad Anwar Shah
|[[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]]
|-
|56
|Mohammad Ayub Khan
|[[Gool Arnas Assembly constituency|Arnas]]
|-
|57
|Syed Mohammad Jalali
|[[Budgam Assembly constituency|Badgam]]
|-
|58
|Pir Mohammad Maqbool Shah
|[[Ramhal Assembly constituency|Ramhal]] (now part of [[Kupwara Assembly constituency|Kupwara]])<ref name=":0" />
|-
|59
|[[Syed Mir Qasim]]
|[[Dooru Assembly constituency|Doru Shahabad]]
|-
|60
|[[Khwaja Mubarak Shah]]
|[[Magam]]
|-
|61
|Mansukh Rai
|[[Reasi Assembly constituency|Reasi]]
|-
|62
|Mahant Ram
|[[Basohli Assembly constituency|Basohli]]
|-
|63
|{{Ill|Moti Ram Baigra|qid=Q61944357}}
|[[Udhampur Assembly constituency|Udhampur]]
|-
|64
|Mahashay Nahar Singh
|[[Bishnah Assembly constituency|Bishnah]]
|-
|65
|Noor Dar
|[[Khowarpara Assembly constituency|Khowarpora]] (now part of [[Karnah Assembly constituency|Karnah]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polling Booths in Karnah Assembly Constituency, Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/polling-stations/karnah.html |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Elections.in}}</ref>
|-
|66
|Noor-ud-Din Sufi
|[[Ganderbal Assembly constituency|Ganderbal]]
|-
|67
|Major Piara Singh
|[[Kathua Assembly constituency|Kathua]]
|-
|68
|Ram Chand Khajuria
|[[Billawar Assembly constituency|Billawar]]
|-
|69
|[[Ram Piara Saraf|Lala Ram Piara Saraf]]
|[[Samba Assembly constituency|Samba]]
|-
|70
|Ram Devi
|[[R. S. Pura-Jammu South Assembly constituency|Jammu South]]
|-
|71
|Ram Rakha Mal
|[[Suchetgarh Assembly constituency|Kahanachak]]
|-
|72
|Wazir Ram Saran
|[[Jandrah Gharota Assembly constituency|Jindrah Garota]] (now part of [[Nagrota, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Nagrota]])<ref name=":1" />
|-
|73
|Ram Lal
|[[Akhnoor Assembly constituency|Akhnoor]]
|-
|74
|Sagar Singh
|[[Vijaypur, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly constituency|Purmandal]]
|-
|75
|Sana Ullah Sheikh
|[[Pulwama Assembly constituency|Pulwama]]
|}

== Government formation ==

=== Sheikh Abdullah ministry ===
Sheikh Abdullah continued as the Prime Minister of the State. Two members of the erstwhile Cabinet from the [[Jammu Division|Jammu province]], Sardar Budh Singh and Pir Mohammad Khan were dropped. [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]] stepped down from his Cabinet duties to serve as the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. The remaining members of the Cabinet were:
* [[Sheikh Abdullah]] – Prime Minister
* [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] – Deputy Prime Minister
* [[Mirza Afzal Beg]]
* Shyam Lal Saraf
* [[Girdhari Lal Dogra]]
Later on, [[D. P. Dhar]], [[Khwaja Mubarak Shah]], Major Piara Singh and Ghulam Mohiuddin Hamdani were appointed as Deputy Ministers.<ref name="Qāsim1992">{{cite book |last=Qāsim |first=Sayyid Mīr |title=My Life and Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNFJKap8YxwC&pg=PA53 |year=1992 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7023-355-8 |page=53}}</ref>

=== Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad ministry ===
Following intense frictions with the Jammu Praja Parishad in Jammu and the Head Lama Kushak Bakula of Ladakh, as well as ongoing frictions with the Union government, Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed from the post of prime minister by the ''Sadr-e-Riyasat'' (head of state) [[Karan Singh]] in August 1953. Abdullah was also arrested on conspiracy charges. The deputy prime minister [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] was sworn in as the next prime minister. His Cabinet members were:
* [[Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad]] – Prime minister
* [[Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq]] – Education
* Shyam Lal Saraf – Development
* [[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] – Finance
* [[Syed Mir Qasim]] – Revenue
The 19th Kushak Bakula was appointed as a deputy minister and he pledged his support for the new government.{{sfn|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=209}} Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad continued as the prime minister for the remaining six-year term of the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly continued with its mission of formulating the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir|State Constitution]], which was adopted on 17 November 1956, coming into effect on 26 January 1957.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |first=Sumantra |last=Bose |author-link=Sumantra Bose |title=Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2003 |isbn=9780674011731 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1p6hp3k |jstor=j.ctv1p6hp3k |ref={{sfnref|Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace|2003}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |title=Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ |date=2012 |orig-year=first published 1968 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-011-9231-6 |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-9231-6 |ref={{sfnref|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012}}}}
* {{cite journal |last=Tillin |first=Louise |title=Unite in Diversity? Asymmetry in Indian Federalism |journal=Publius: The Journal of Federalism |volume=37 |number=1 |pages=45–67 |year=2006 |doi=10.1093/publius/pjl017 |ref={{sfnref|Tillin, Asymmetry in Indian Federalism|2006}}|hdl=10.1093/publius/pjl017 |hdl-access=free }}

{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}

[[Category:1951 in India]]
[[Category:1951 elections in India]]
[[Category:1951 State Assembly elections in India|Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir|1951]]
[[Category:1950s in Jammu and Kashmir|1951]]
[[Category:Constituent Assembly elections in Asia]]

Nikhil Dwivedi

2026-02-02T11:08:27Z

Curi Hospital: Improved article clarity and structure

{{short description|Indian actor and producer|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikhil Dwivedi
| image = Nikhil Dwivedi at GQ Awards 2022 (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Dwivedi in 2022
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|11|25}}
| birth_place =[[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Gaurie Pandit]]|2011}}
| children = 1
| organisation = [[Saffron Magicworks]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|producer}}
| years_active = 2008–present
}}

'''Nikhil Dwivedi''' (born 25 November 1978) is an Indian actor and producer. He made his acting debut with a leading role in the 2008 crime comedy film ''[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]'', which performed poorly at the box office. He subsequently appeared in ''[[Raavan (2010 film)|Raavan]]'' (2010), ''[[Shor in the City]]'' (2011), ''[[Hate Story]]'' (2012) and [[Tamanchey]] (2014) most of which were met with limited commercial success.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/salman-khan-gave-valuable-inputs-for-tamanchey-nikhil-dwivedi/articleshow/39422435.cms</ref>

Dwivedi produced the comedy Veere Di Wedding (2018), followed by the television series ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]'' (2019–2020) and the action film ''[[Dabangg 3]]'' (2019). In 2024, he produced the [[Netflix]] thriller ''[[CTRL (film)|CTRL]]''. He also returned to acting, appearing as the antagonist in the series ''[[Scam 1992]]'' (2020).<ref>https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-scam-1992-actor-nikhil-dwivedi-tests-postive-for-covid-19-2857446</ref>

==Early life==
Nikhil Dwivedi was born on 25 November 1978 in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. His father hailed from Allahabad but Nikhil in his childhood, moved to many cities in India due to his father’s transferable job as a banker.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/-nikhil-dwivedi#:~:text=Born%20%2D%20Nov%2025%2C%201978%20Allahabad,Dwivedi%20is%20a%20popular%20Actor.</ref> He did his schooling from Sherwood College, Naini Tal before doing his graduation in commerce from [[Mithibai College]], Mumbai. He did his [[MBA]] in finance from the [[Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Pune| Symbiosis Center for Management & HRD, Pune]]<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/i-have-an-author-backed-role-nikhil-dwivedi/story-ygZcHtJ9eLKfQ2ApMm8BwN.html</ref> and went on to work with the [[American Express Bank]] and another large consumer durables conglomerate before pursuing an acting career.<ref>{{cite news|title='I feel fortunate': Nikhil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-feel-fortunate-nikhil/articleshow/2668004.cms|work=The Times of India|date=3 January 2008|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dasgupta|first=Piali|title=B-town's teacher tales|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/b-towns-teacher-tales/articleshow/6491505.cms|work=The Times of India|date=5 September 2010|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> He said that he aspired to be an actor since he was three and a half years old.<ref>{{cite news|title=My name is Nikhil Dwivedi|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/my-name-is-nikhil-dwivedi/articleshow/15767479.cms|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=17 December 2007|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

==Career==
Dwivedi made his acting debut in the crime comedy film ''[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]'' (2008), directed by [[Eeshwar Nivas|E. Niwas]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Guha|first=Dighanta|title=I have an author-backed role: Nikhil Dwivedi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/i-have-an-author-backed-role-nikhil-dwivedi/story-ygZcHtJ9eLKfQ2ApMm8BwN.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=11 January 2008|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> The film was a commercial failure at the box office. Reviewing the film, Patsy N of [[Rediff.com]] noted that he "shows potential" in his performance.<ref>{{cite web|last=N|first=Patsy|title=Anthony is total timepass|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/jan/11ant.htm|website=Rediff.com|date=11 January 2008|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> For the role, he received nominations for the [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Filmfare Best Male Debut Award]] and the [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Male]].<ref name="stardust09">{{cite web|title=Nominations for Pan Bahar Max Stardust Awards 2009|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/10/4832/index.html|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=10 February 2009|access-date=18 July 2024|archive-date=12 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212165758/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/02/10/4832/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2010, Dwivedi appeared as part of the ensemble cast in [[Mani Ratnam]]’s action-adventure film ''[[Raavan (2010 film)|Raavan]]''. He played a character based on [[Lakshmana]] from the ''[[Ramayana]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Patel|first=Devansh|title=“I don’t know how much Raavan will benefit me” – Nikhil Dwivedi|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/i-dont-know-how-much-raavan-will-benefit-me-nikhil-dwivedi/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=3 August 2009|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> While the film was a commercial failure, Kaveree Bamzai of ''[[India Today]]'' noted that he was "excellent" in his part.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bamzai|first=Kaveree|title=Raavan: Boy blunder lost in an epic mess|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/raavan-boy-blunder-lost-in-an-epic-mess-76881-2010-06-17|work=India Today|date=2 July 2010|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> Dwivedi later acknowledged the film's poor box office performance but stated he viewed the role as a positive step for his career recognition.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nikhil Dwivedi fed up talking about Shah Rukh Khan|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/nikhil-dwivedi-shah-rukh-khan-my-name-is-anthony-gonsalves-shor-in-the-city-139165-2011-08-10|work=India Today|date=24 August 2011|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

In 2011, Dwivedi appeared as a petty criminal in the ensemble crime film ''[[Shor in the City]]''. While the film received critical acclaim, it had a limited impact at the box office.<ref>{{cite news|title='The Family Man' is closest to our 'Shor in the City': Raj Nidimoru and Krishna DK|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2019/Sep/12/the-family-man-is-closest-to-our-shor-in-the-city-raj-nidimoru-and-krishna-dk-2032635.html|work=The New Indian Express|date=12 September 2019|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> Gaurav Malani of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that Dwivedi was "especially impressive in the concluding reels."<ref>{{cite news|last=Malani|first=Gaurav|title=Shor in the City: Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shor-in-the-city-movie-review/articleshow/8100155.cms|work=The Times of India|date=28 April 2012|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> His performance earned him a nomination for the [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Male]].<ref name="stardust12">{{cite web|title=Nominations of Stardust Awards 2012|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-of-stardust-awards-2012/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=6 February 2012|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

In 2012, Dwivedi starred in the erotic thriller ''[[Hate Story]]'', directed by [[Vivek Agnihotri]]. The film was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hate Story|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=10|website=Box Office India|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> During production, Dwivedi sustained fractures to his arms and wrist while performing a stunt, which delayed his subsequent project, ''[[Tamanchey]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Thakkar|first=Mehul S|title=Nikhil to undergo surgery|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/nikhil-to-undergo-surgery/articleshow/16210445.cms|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=29 February 2012|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Released in 2014, the crime film ''Tamanchey'', co-starring [[Richa Chadha]], was both a critical and commercial failure.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Tamanchey' fires blanks from start to finish|url=https://scroll.in/article/682795/film-review-tamanchey-fires-blanks-from-start-to-finish|website=Scroll.in|date=10 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> While some trade reports noted his performance, the film was largely panned, with Nandini Ramnath of ''Scroll.in'' stating that it "fires blanks from start to finish."<ref>{{cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Tamanchey' fires blanks from start to finish|url=https://scroll.in/article/682795/film-review-tamanchey-fires-blanks-from-start-to-finish|website=Scroll.in|date=10 October 2014|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Citing a lack of acting opportunities, Dwivedi transitioned into film production by launching his production house, Saffron.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joshi|first=Tushar|title="Some of the biggest star kids have not got films, don’t you think they have relationships with the industry?" asks Nikhil Dwivedi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-nikhil-dwivedi-salman-and-shah-rukh-khan-work-so-hard-everyday-as-if-they-are-making-their-debut/articleshow/79323665.cms|work=The Times of India|date=21 November 2020|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> His first production was the comedy ''[[Veere Di Wedding]]'' (2018), co-produced with [[Rhea Kapoor]] and [[Ekta Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nikhil Dwivedi debuts as a producer for Rhea Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/nikhil-dwivedi-debuts-producer-rhea-kapoor-ekta-kapoor/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=27 October 2017|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> The film was a commercial success, grossing approximately {{INR}}138 crore worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Veere Di Wedding|url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3777|website=Box Office India|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

In 2019, he produced the [[Salman Khan]]-starrer ''[[Dabangg 3]]'', the third installment in the [[Dabangg (film series)|''Dabangg'']] franchise.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shah Rukh Khan, Salman's film with Sanjay Leela Bhansali 'almost happened,' reveals Dabangg 3 producer Nikhil Dwivedi|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/shah-rukh-khan-salmans-film-with-sanjay-leela-bhansali-almost-happened-reveals-dabangg-3-producer-nikhil-dwivedi-7806661.html|work=Firstpost|date=20 December 2019|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> The same year, he produced the mythological television series ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]'' for [[Colors TV]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colors premiere Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran - A saga blending mythology and philosophy|url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/marketing-initiatives/55199_colors-premiere-shrimad-bhagwat-mahapuran---a-saga-blending-mythology-and-philosophy|website=Afaqs!|date=4 June 2019|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Dwivedi returned to acting after six years by playing the role of a scheming banker in ''[[Scam 1992]]''. Directed by [[Hansal Mehta]], the series released on [[Sony LIV]] and is about the life of stockbroker [[Harshad Mehta]] (played by [[Pratik Gandhi]]).<ref>{{cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Samrudhi|title=Nikhil Dwivedi says he turned to production as he ‘was not offered good work’, talks about returning to acting with Scam 1992|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/nikhil-dwivedi-says-he-turned-to-production-as-he-was-not-offered-good-work-talks-about-returning-to-acting-with-scam-1992/story-Yc974IKjlOhZV7VCWO3byJ-amp.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=12 November 2020|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> He said that his background in finance helped him portray the part.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chandar|first=Bhukanesh|title=Nikhil Dwivedi: No insider sabotaged my success in Bollywood|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/Nov/09/nikhil-dwivedi-no-insider-sabotaged-my-success-in-bollywood-21219.html|website=Cinema Express|date=9 November 2020|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> The series became one of the most acclaimed and popular streaming productions of India and is amongst the highest rated show on IMDB.<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/scam-1992-only-indian-series-in-imdb-top-250-shows-in-world-pratik-gandhi-7352887/</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mathew|first=Suresh|title=Decoding the Success of Hansal Mehta’s ‘Scam 1992’|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/decoding-the-success-of-hansal-mehta-scam-1992-the-harshad-mehta-story-sony-liv-sameer-nair|website=The Quint|date=29 October 2020|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> Film Companion’s Rahul Desai found Dwivedi “unrecognizable” in his part.<ref>{{cite web |last=Desai |first=Rahul |date=4 November 2020 |title=The Performative Harmony Of Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/indepth-stories/streaming/the-scam-1992-cast-the-performative-harmony-harshad-mehta-sony-liv-pratik-gandhi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118200414/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/indepth-stories/streaming/the-scam-1992-cast-the-performative-harmony-harshad-mehta-sony-liv-pratik-gandhi |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=Film Companion}}</ref> He then appeared in the Netflix anthology film ''[[Ankahi Kahaniya]]'' (2021), in a segment about infidelity directed by [[Saket Chaudhary]]. [[Anna M. M. Vetticad]] of ''[[Firstpost]]'' bemoaned that his character of an unfaithful man needed better writing.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vetticad|first=Anna M. M.|title=Ankahi Kahaniya movie review: Of mannequins, men, infidelity and urban angst|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/ankahi-kahaniya-movie-review-of-mannequins-men-infidelity-and-urban-angst-9972671.html#|website=Firstpost|date=17 September 2021|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Under his production company, Saffron Magicworks, Dwivedi next produced [[Vikramaditya Motwane]]’s [[screenlife]] thriller for [[Netflix]], named ''[[CTRL (film)|CTRL]]'', starring [[Ananya Panday]], which garnered critical acclaim and was the number 1 film on Netflix for two weeks.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ctrl-trailer-vikramaditya-motwanes-film-starring-ananya-pandey-promises-a-gripping-cyber-thriller/article68680613.ece</ref><ref name="control">{{cite web|last=Seta|first=Fenil|title=Ananya Panday’s cyber thriller is titled Control; Vikramaditya Motwane reveals that “it is a ‘computer-generated’ movie, flitting between screens”|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/revealed-ananya-pandays-cyber-thriller-titled-control-vikramaditya-motwane-reveals-computer-generated-movie-flitting-screens/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=27 April 2023|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Nikhil Dwivedi has produced a high intensity Prison Drama inspired from a True Incident titled “Bandar"<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/anurag-kashyap-s-bandar-starring-bobby-deol-and-sanya-malhotra-to-premiere-at-tiff-2025-first-look-has-viewers-hooked-101753166558712.html</ref> directed by [[Anurag Kashyap]] and starring [[Bobby Deol]] and [[Sanya Malhotra]].<ref name="aknext">{{cite news|title=Bobby Deol and Sanya Malhotra begin shooting for Anurag Kashyap's next|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/bobby-deol-and-sanya-malhotra-begin-shooting-for-anurag-kashyaps-next-exclusive/articleshow/110176333.cms|work=The Times of India|date=16 May 2024|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Nikhil Dwivedi at Nari Hira's birthday bash 11.jpg|thumb|Dwivedi with his wife [[Gaurie Pandit|Gaurie]]]]
Dwivedi married model [[Gaurie Pandit]] in early 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/srk-skips-the-big-reception/147578-8-113.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401230701/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/srk-skips-the-big-reception/147578-8-113.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-04-01|title=News18.com: CNN-News18 Breaking News India, Latest News Headlines, Live News Updates|website=News18}}</ref> The couple has a son, Shivaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/photo-stories/how-bollywood-kids-dressed-up-for-ahil-sharmas-halloween-party/shivaan-dwivedi/photostory/66459711.cms|title= How Bollywood kids dressed up for Ahil Sharma's Halloween party!|website= [[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/nikhil-dwivedi-to-tie-the-knot-with-gauri-pandit-in-march/</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Actor
! Producer
! Notes
|-
| 2008
| ''[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Shor in the City]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Hate Story]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Tamanchey]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|
|-
| 2018
|''[[Veere Di Wedding]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2019
|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Ankahi Kahaniya]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| [[Saket Chaudhary]]'s segment
|-
|2024
|''[[CTRL (film)|CTRL]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Bandar (film)|Bandar]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| Premiere at the [[2025 Toronto International Film Festival|TIFF]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anurag Kashyap’s ‘Bandar’ to premiere at Toronto International Film Festival|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anurag-kashyap-bandar-toronto-international-film-festival-premiere/article69842068.ece|date=22 July 2025 |website=The Hindu|access-date=31 July 2025}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|{{Pending film|Naagin}}
|{{No}}
|{{Yes}}
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Actor
! Creator
! Producer
! Notes
|-
| 2019-2020
| ''[[Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran]]''
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Scam 1992]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no wrap|[[Sony LIV|Sony Liv]] miniseries}}
|}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominated work
!Result
!Ref(s)
|-
! '''[[54th Filmfare Awards|2009]]'''
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| style="text-align:center;"Rowspan=2|[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|''My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves'']]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=nmac>{{cite web
| url = http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/35482/54th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations.html
| publisher = Radio Sargam (RS)
| date = 2009-02-16
| author = Webmaster
| title = Nominations for the 54th Filmfare Awards
| access-date = 2010-03-09
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100403023305/http://www.radiosargam.com/films/archives/35482/54th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations.html| archive-date= 3 April 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|-
! 2009
| Rowspan=2|[[Stardust Awards]]
| [[Stardust Award for Superstar of Tomorrow – Male|Superstar of Tomorrow - Male]]
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name="stardust09"/>
|-
! 2012
| [[Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance – Male|Breakthrough Performance - Male]]
| style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Shor in the City]]''
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="stardust12"/>
|-
! 2020
| [[ETC Bollywood Business Awards]]
| The 100 Crore Club
| style="text-align:center;"|''[[Dabangg 3]]''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{ Cite news|url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-news/prabhas-manages-to-bag-his-first-ever-bollywood-award-for-saaho/|title=ETC Bollywood Business Awards 2020|date=17 February 2020|work=Koimoi|access-date=17 February 2020|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{Bollywood Hungama person|nikhil-dwivedi}}
*{{IMDb name|2365760}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dwivedi, Nikhil}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Prayagraj]]

Hindu Tamil Thisai

2026-01-25T20:44:01Z

Curi Hospital: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Tamil daily newspaper headquartered at Chennai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Hindu Tamil Thisai
| image =
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2013|09|16|df=yes}}
| founder =
| owners = [[The Hindu Group]]
| headquarters = Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| language = Tamil
| website = {{URL|https://www.hindutamil.in}}
}}

'''''Hindu Tamil Thisai''''' (colloquially known as '''''The Hindu Tamil''''') is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[daily newspaper]] headquartered at Chennai. It is published by [[The Hindu Group]]. The first issue was published on 16 September 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/about-us|title=About us News|website=இந்து தமிழ் திசை|language=ta|access-date=2019-01-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/dLro0NLJ7ujfKJbTswsGgL/The-Hindu-to-launch-Tamil-newspaper-on-16-September.html|title='Hindu Tamil Thisai' to launch Tamil newspaper on 16 September|date=4 September 2013|work=[[Livemint]]|access-date=2 October 2013}}</ref> It is printed in seven centres including Chennai. The printing centres are at Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Thiruvananthapuram, Bengaluru and Tirupathi. The Tamil newspaper covers news related to business, education, knowledge, sports, quiz, environment, literature and entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/the-hindu-forays-into-tamil-newspaper-segment-113091301082_1.html|title='The Hindu' forays into Tamil newspaper segment|date=13 September 2013|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/B5H3QdScAyKuj9uI76OHcJ/Hindus-Tamil-newspaper-starts-with-over-500000-copies.html?ref=mr|title=Hindu’s Tamil newspaper starts with over 500,000 copies|date=16 September 2013|work=Livemint|access-date=2 October 2013}}</ref> The daily has extensive regional, national and international news coverage.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.hindutamil.in/ Hindu Tamil website]
* [https://quizcurry.com/the-hindu-pdf// The Hindu pdf ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404194859/https://quizcurry.com/the-hindu-pdf/ |date=4 April 2021 }}

{{KasturiSons}}
{{Newspapers in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hindu Tamil}}
[[Category:Mass media in Chennai]]
[[Category:Mass media in Madurai]]
[[Category:Tamil-language newspapers published in India]]
[[Category:The Hindu Group]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 2013]]

{{India-newspaper-stub}}

Baburam Maharaj (Swami Premananda)

2026-01-25T15:36:58Z

Curi Hospital: Adding Entry

{{Short description|Disciple of Ramakrishna}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2018}}
{{religion primary|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Premananda
| image = Swami-Premananda-scaled.jpg
| caption = Premananda (Baburam Maharaj), direct disciple of [[Ramakrishna]] and one of the founder monks of [[Ramakrishna Mission]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1861|12|10}}
| birth_place = [[Antpur]],
[[Hooghly District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| birth_name = Baburam Ghosh
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1918|7|30|1861|12|10}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| guru = [[Ramakrishna Paramahansa]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| honors =
| footnotes =
}}
{{quote box|width=22em|title=Quotation|quote=''Can one become a great devotee of God simply by dancing and jumping or by quoting plentifully from the scriptures? What is wanted is freedom from selfishness – freedom from egotism... Mere talk will not do, this is an age of action.''}}
'''Baburam Maharaj (Swami Premananda)''' ({{langx|bn|বাবুরাম মহারাজ}}; 10 December 1861 – 30 July 1918) was a direct disciple of [[Ramakrishna]], the 19th-century saint and mystic from Bengal, India. He was born in Antpur in the Hoogly district of Bengal in the year 1861. Baburam, as he was called in his pre monastic days, was also related to [[Balaram Bose]], a leading householder disciple of Ramakrishna. He was given the name of Premananda or "joy of divine love" by his brother disciple [[Vivekananda]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rkmissiondel.org/inside/Disciples.htm |title=Disciples of Ramakrishna |access-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518122817/http://www.rkmissiondel.org/inside/Disciples.htm |archive-date=18 May 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He had a notable contribution during the initial days of [[Ramakrishna Mission]] as he managed the whole affairs of [[Belur Math]] from 1902 to 1916. He also mentored young spiritual aspirants.

==Biography==

===Early life===
Baburam Ghosh was born to parents Taraprasanna and Matangini Ghosh on 10 December 1861 in the [[Antpur]] (Bengali:আঁটপুর) village in the Hoogly district of Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.belurmath.org/premananda.htm |title=Monastic Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna, Belur Math |access-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715034734/http://www.belurmath.org/premananda.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His sister Krishnabhamini was married to [[Balaram Bose]], a leading householder disciple of [[Ramakrishna]]. From his early childhood, his ideal was to renounce family life and live a monastic life.<ref>The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna, published by Advaita Ashrama, page 195</ref>
After graduating from the local village school, Baburam came to [[Calcutta]] for higher studies. He studied in the [[Metropolitan Institution]] in [[Shyampukur]], which was owned by [[Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar]] and whose headmaster was [[Mahendranath Gupta]] also known as "M", the author of the [[Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita]] or [[The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna]].
In this school his batchmate was Rakhal or Brahmananda, who later became the first president of the [[Ramakrishna Mission]], and who was another direct disciple as well as "spiritual son" of Ramakrishna. These contacts enabled Baburam to come in close contact with Ramakrishna, and he was drawn to his teachings.

===Ramakrishna's influence===
Baburam accompanied Rakhal to [[Dakshineswar]] temple to meet [[Ramakrishna]]. He also met [[Vivekananda]], who at that time was known as [[Narendranath Dutta]]. After a few more visits to [[Dakshineswar]] Baburam came directly under Ramakrishna's influence who also held him in high esteem. At that time, Baburam was only twenty years. Ramakrishna said to his disciples that ''Baburam is pure to his very marrow, no impure thought can ever cross his mind''.<ref>The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna, published by Advaita Ashrama, page 203</ref>

This association apparently led to the neglect of his studies, and he failed to clear his entrance examination.
In 1885, Ramakrishna was diagnosed to have developed throat cancer, and was shifted to Calcutta for better treatment, first to Shyampukur and then to Cossipore Garden house. Baburam was one of the constant attendants on the master, along with his other brother disciples, including Rakhal and Narendra, and this continued till the passing away of his master in August 1886. This event brought the brother disciples in close contact on a shared goal and paved the way for the establishment of the first Math in Baranagar, under the leadership of Narendranath (Vivekananda).

===Beginning of monastic life===
[[File:Antpur Ramkrishna Math or Premananda Ashram at Antpur 05.jpg|thumb|House of Swami Premananda presently Antpur Ramkrishna Math at Antpur]]
In December 1886, the brother disciples visited Baburam's ancestral house in Antpur. Immediately after returning from there, they took the vow of [[Sannyasa|renunciation]] from Narendranath. Vivekananda, as he came to be known later, gave the name of "Premananda" to Baburam. Upon [[Ramakrishnananda]]'s departure to Madras, Premananda took up the responsibility of daily worship of the Master. He went for a pilgrimage to Northern India and returned on the eve of establishment of the [[Ramakrishna Math]] in [[Belur, West Bengal|Belur]], known as [[Belur Math]], which was the headquarters of the [[Ramakrishna Mission]].

===Management of Belur Math===
After the demise of Vivekananda in 1902, [[Swami Brahmananda]], the then president of Ramakrishna Mission, entrusted Premananda with the duty of the management of the day-to-day affairs of the Math at Belur which included the daily worship, the introduction and initiation of young celibates and monks, receiving of the devotees and guests, various administrative activities etc. He was very kind and compassionate towards all and sundry. He would himself cook for devotees visiting the Math at odd hours and took all troubles for their comfort. For this he came to be known as the "mother of the Math". He used to consider the service of the devotees as worship of God.

Premananda also introduced a study circle to learn [[Sanskrit]] in [[Belur Math]] under the tutelage of a competent teacher. He also encouraged the study of other subjects, like Western Philosophy. He also laid great emphasis on the education of women and wrote to a lady, "Let thousands of Niveditas come out of Bengal... let there arise anew in the land numbers of Gargis, Lilavatis, Sitas and Savitris. What better thing is there in this world than learning!" He lived an unostentatious life, free of luxuries and excesses. His personal belongings included only a few books and a canvas bag.<ref>The Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna, published by Advaita Ashrama, page 221</ref>

There is a dormitory named, in his honour, Premananda Dham in [[Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Deoghar]].

===Travels===
After about 6 years of service in Math, he set out for a pilgrimage to [[Amarnath Temple|Amarnath]] in 1910 in the company of [[Shivananda]] ([[Mahapurush Maharaj]]) and [[Turiyananda]] ([[Hari Maharaj]]). On his return he travelled to different parts of Bengal spreading the message of Ramakrishna. He was particularly very popular in East Bengal and inspired the youth there for community and charitable work.

===Relationship with Sarada Devi===
Premananda had free access to the Holy Mother of the Ramakrishna Order, [[Sarada Devi]]. She was very fond of him, and he was very devoted to her. He once said that those who differentiated between her and the Master would never make any spiritual progress; she and the Master were like the two sides of the same coin. In the course of a discussion at Belur Math, he said to the devotees: "We have seen that she had a much greater capacity than the Master. She was the embodiment of power, and how well she controlled it! Ramakrishna could not do so, though he tried."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rkmfiji.org/node/45 |title=Swami Premananda RKm Fiji |access-date=8 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324204122/http://www.rkmfiji.org/node/45 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Legacy and death===
During his later sojourn in several parts of Bengal, especially in East Bengal, he inspired the youth to be useful to the society by voluntary service. Though a man of high spiritual attainments, he was wont to hiding them and very reticent in giving expression to them. He was universally admired by young and old devotees for his love, kindness and tenderness towards all and sundry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduism.fsnet.co.uk/namoma/life_others/life_directdisciples.htm#Swami_Premananda |title=Swami Premananda |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-date=6 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806100549/http://www.hinduism.fsnet.co.uk/namoma/life_others/life_directdisciples.htm#Swami_Premananda |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The long and arduous trips took a toll on his health and he fell victim to [[Kala azar]], a deadly fever. He also suffered from influenza and died on 30 July 1918.

===Teachings===
* ''To follow the Master means to practise what he taught; otherwise, nobody can advance by just offering to him a few flowers or through some momentary sentimental outbursts. ''
* ''Can one become a great devotee of God simply by dancing and jumping or by quoting plentifully from the scriptures? What is wanted is freedom from selfishness – freedom from egotism... Mere talk will not do, this is an age of action.''
* ''Not mere theory; actualise it – there has been enough talk and writing. Put the books aside and let your actions speak. This is what the lives of the Master and Swamiji stand for. ''
* ''The poor, the weak, the fallen, the ignorant – all these you have to make your own. And yet I warn you, that in loving one section of society you must not become hateful of the other, the rich.''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rkmchennai.org/pr_3.html |title=Teachings of Baburam Maharaj, RKM Chennai |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327015207/http://www.rkmchennai.org/pr_3.html |archive-date=27 March 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://belurmath.org/swami-premananda/ Swami Premananda Biography]

{{Ramakrishna}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maharaj, Baburam}}
[[Category:Presidents of the Ramakrishna Order]]
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Scholars from West Bengal]]

Taxis of India

2026-01-15T21:20:37Z

Curi Hospital: Entry

{{Short description|none}}
{{Multiple issues|{{update|date=August 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2009}}}}
{{main|Taxicabs by country}}
[[File:CallTaxi-TamilNadu1.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Call Taxi (India)|Call Taxi]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
[[File:HYD Radio taxis.jpg|thumb|Radio taxicabs at [[Hyderabad International Airport]] in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana]]
[[File:Streets of Kolkata, Cars, India.jpg|thumb|Yellow taxis in [[Kolkata]]]]
Cars such as [[Suzuki Dzire|Maruti Suzuki Dzire]], [[Toyota Etios]], [[Suzuki Ertiga|Maruti Suzuki Ertiga]], [[Maruti Omni]], [[Maruti Suzuki Wagon R|Maruti Suzuki Wagon-R]]. [[Mahindra Logan]], [[Toyota Innova]], [[Tata Indica]] and [[Tata Indigo]] are fairly popular among taxicab operators in India. The [[Taxicab livery|livery of the taxicabs]] in India varies from state to state. In Delhi and Maharashtra, most taxicabs have yellow-black livery, while in West Bengal, taxis have yellow livery. Private taxicab operators are not required to have a specific livery. However, they are required by law to be registered as commercial vehicles.

According to [[Government of India]] regulations, all taxicabs are required to have a fare-meter installed. However, enforcement by authorities is lax and many cabs operate either without fare-meter or with defunct ones. In such cases, fare is decided by bargaining between the customer and the driver. Taxicabs face stiff competition from [[auto rickshaw]]s, but in some cities, for example Mumbai, auto-rickshaws are banned in the main city district, thus giving taxicabs a [[monopoly]].

==Taxicabs==
In [[India]], classic taxicabs in [[Delhi]] and [[Mumbai]] have distinctive black and yellow liveries with the bottom half painted black and upper half painted yellow. In [[Kolkata]], most taxis are painted yellow with a blue strip in the middle. Private companies operating taxis can have their own liveries, but need to get them approved from the government. Now, drivers don't need to pay commission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxy Cabs drivers don't need to pay commission now |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/business/1502748513-1502748513.html|website=www.thestatesman.com|publisher=[[The Statesman (India)]]}}</ref>

Classic taxicabs in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] have black and yellow liveries with the bottom half painted black and upper half painted yellow with limited nos. In [[Chennai]], most taxis look like private cars but with a yellow plated with black numbers and text for identification.

Taxis and all other commercial vehicles have a yellow number plate, so charging taxes and toll in highways is easier for the officials. [[Delhi]] is the only city in India with taxicabs running only on [[Compressed Natural Gas]] or [[Electric car|electricity]]. To hail a taxicab, you normally just wait on the street(in cities like [[Kolkata]] and [[Mumbai]]), go to locations called taxi stands(in cities like [[Bengaluru]]) or book it through apps, using websites over [[Telephone call|phone calls]]. Traditional taxicabs are referred to as taxis in India, while online cabs are usually called cabs.

[[Image:Bangalore Taxi.jpg|thumb|Taxicabs like the Suzuki Dzire, Mahindra Logan, Tata Indigo, Tata Indica and Toyota Etios are commonly seen in metropolises in India.]]
Both air-conditioned and non-air conditioned taxis are common in India. The newer taxis are white, one of the many reasons, "why the expensive taxis have been dubbed White Taxis by the locals in cities".

There are additional surcharges for luggage, late-night rides and toll taxes are to be paid by the passenger. Thanks to the booming economy but due to disparities in income many types of taxis have come up. For example, in Delhi there are five types of taxi. [[auto rickshaw]]s- which are the cheapest form of taxi-, Normal Taxis, Online Cabs, White Taxis and Tourist Taxis. In posher areas like Noida and Gurgaon auto rickshaws are banned, thus giving the taxis a monopoly. [[Chandigarh]] also has a well established system of modern cabs using cars like Tata Indigo/Indigo Marina and [[Suzuki Dzire]]. [[Kolkata]] has also got many ''No Refusal'' taxis that will never say no to the passengers.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Kolkata-gets-100-more-no-refusal-taxis/articleshow/27668358.cms Kolkata gets 100 more no-refusal taxis – The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2013-12-20). Retrieved on 2014-04-15.</ref><ref>Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2015-14-02). Retrieved on 2015-15-02.</ref>

==Shared taxicab==
In cities and localities, where taxis are expensive or do not ply as per the government or municipal regulated fares, people use [[Share taxi]]s. These are normal taxis, which carry one or more passengers travelling to destinations either en route to the final destination, or nearby the final destination. The passengers are charged according to the number of people with different destinations. A similar system exists for autorickshaws, known as Share autos.

As one example, "Shared taxis" – and known just as that – have been operating in [[Mumbai]], India, since the early 1970s. These are more like a point to point service that operates only during the peak hours. During off peak hours, they ply just like the regular taxis, can be hailed anywhere on the roads, and passengers are charged by the meter. But in order to bridge the gap between demand and supply, during peak hours, several of them operate as Shared Taxis, taking a full cab load of passengers to a more or less common destination. The pick-up points for these taxis are fixed, and are marked by a post that says, “Shared Taxis” and cabs line up at this point during peak hours. They display the general destination, they are headed for on their windscreens, and passengers just get in and wait for the cab to fill up. As soon as this happens, which takes less than a couple of minutes, the cab moves off. Fares are a fixed amount, fixed between the Taxi Unions and the authorities for the point to point distance – and are far lower than the metered fare to the same destination, but higher than the bus or train fare. Time taken is obviously much less than that by bus. These taxis are very popular because of the lack of waiting time, faster journey speeds, greater comfort and absence of the crush loads of peak hour commuter traffic in buses and trains. Generally, the taxi drivers choose the locality that they live in, in the suburbs as the destination in the evenings and in the mornings, the destinations are always the CBD in South Mumbai."

==Motorcycle taxicabs==
{{main|Motorcycle taxis in India}}
Motorcycle taxicabs are a licensed form of transport in [[Goa]], India. They are much cheaper than other taxis, although the lone passenger can only carry a [[backpack]] as [[luggage]]. Motorcycle taxis in Goa are driven by men called 'pilots'. By law, in some parts of the state, the rider is expected to wear a helmet, but the pillion-rider is not. These motorcycle taxis can normally be identified by their yellow-and-black coloured paint. The fare should be fixed in advance, and the rides are not metered.

== Taxicabs in Mumbai ==
[[File:Taxi stand by night, Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai (11 September 2005).jpg|thumb| Taxis and other vehicles outside Bombay Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in 2005.]]
Taxicabs arrived in 1911 to complement horse wagons. The black and yellow [[Fiat]] taxis in Mumbai, are integral part of the city's heritage and have been depicted in numerous [[Bollywood]] movies. These metered taxis ply throughout [[Mumbai]] and have monopoly from [[Bandra]] to [[Churchgate]] on the Western line and [[Sion, India|Sion]] to [[Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus]] on the Central line. Beyond [[Sion, India|Sion]] and [[Bandra]] [[auto rickshaws]] are not allowed and one has to hire a taxi. However, between [[Sion, India|Sion]] to [[Thane]] and [[Bandra]] to [[Bhayandar]], Taxis and autorickshaws ply. A mechanical meter decides the fare and is proportional to the distance traveled. There are an estimated 86,000 taxicabs in Mumbai, of which 67,000 are Aggregator cabs and 19,000 are Black Yellows. Cars used for taxis include [[Suzuki Ertiga|Maruti Ertiga]], [[Tata Indigo]], [[Mahindra Logan]], [[Hyundai Atos|Hyundai Santro]], [[Toyota Innova]], [[Toyota Corolla (E170)|Toyota Corolla Altis]], [[Suzuki Wagon R#Second generation (1998–2010)|Maruti Suzuki Wagon R]], [[Suzuki Splash|Maruti Suzuki Ritz]] and [[Suzuki Dzire|Maruti Suzuki Dzire]].

Recently, the police revealed that; it is required by law that the driver of an unengaged taxi take you to where you want to go, distance and time regardless. If the driver does not comply, one simply needs to call the police (dial 100) and mention the taxi's license number and the driver's name. The act of calling the police on your cell phone usually makes the driver comply with your request to be taken to your destination.

The city of Mumbai was first city in [[India]], to have an "in-taxi" magazine, titled [[MumBaee]], which is issued to taxis which are part of the Mumbai Taximen's Union. The magazine debuted on July 13, 2009.<ref name="chennaivisionref1">{{cite news|url=http://news.chennaivision.com/index.php/2009/05/taxis-to-introduce-in-taxi-magazines-from-july/|title=Taxis to introduce 'in-Taxi' magazines from July|publisher=ChennaiVision|page=1|accessdate=2009-05-21|archive-date=2009-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923231843/http://news.chennaivision.com/index.php/2009/05/taxis-to-introduce-in-taxi-magazines-from-july|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2012, it was reported that the city was facing a shortage of taxis.<ref name="shortage">{{cite news|title=Mumbai faces shortage of taxis, 15 % drop in six months|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/mumbai/32776342_1_taxis-cabs-lower-parel|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126070138/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-21/mumbai/32776342_1_taxis-cabs-lower-parel|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-26|first=Somit|last=Sen|date=2012-07-21|location=Mumbai|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=2012-07-21}}</ref>

== Taxicabs in Delhi==
[[Image:CNG propelled radio taxi.jpg|thumb|Radio taxicab powered by [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]] ]]
The Indian Tourism Ministry and various private owners operate most taxis. The Tourism Ministry grants private companies permits to operate taxis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Types Of Permit And Its Condition|url=http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_transport/Transport/Home/Permits/Types+Of+Permit+And+Its+Condition|website=www.delhi.gov.in|publisher=GOVT Of NCT Of Delhi}}</ref> Though in India, the concept of online booking of taxi and cabs is quite new and successful. It has been generally observed that online booking of car and taxi operations are on a macro-level, with multi-national size of entrepreneurship.<ref>{{cite web|title=The car rental industry in India is expected to have 500,000 cars by FY'2015|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141119103738-67637969-the-car-rental-industry-in-india-is-expected-to-have-500-000-cars-by-fy-2015|website=www.linkedin.com|publisher=Linkedin}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian car rental industry – opportunity to build an Indian travel brand|url=http://www.ibef.org/blogs/indian-car-rental-industry-opportunity-to-build-and-indian-travel-brand|website=www.ibef.org|publisher=Ibef}}</ref>

In 1998, the [[Supreme Court of India]] published a Directive that specified the date of April, 2001 as deadline to replace or convert all buses, three-wheelers and taxis in Delhi to [[compressed natural gas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Effects of Introduction of Gaseous Fuels for Public Transport|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=65189|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, GOVT. of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CNG conversion: Learning from New Delhi|url=http://ekh.unep.org/?q=node/1737|website=ekh.unep.org|publisher=UNEP}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CNG Delhi – the world's cleanest public bus system running on CNG|url=http://www.product-life.org/en/archive/cng-delhi|website=www.product-life.org|publisher=Product Life}}</ref> [[Sakha Consulting Wings]] provides a unique taxi service exclusively for women by women drivers.<ref name="10vor10-20150515">{{cite web|url=http://www.srf.ch/sendungen/10vor10/fokus-unternehmen-boston-bomber-indiens-frauen-b-b-king|title=10vor10 vom 15.5.2015|publisher=[[10vor10]]|author=|language=German|date=2015-05-15|accessdate=2015-05-18}}</ref><ref name="bbcnews-2013-02-14">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21380262|title=Delhi's No.1 ladies' taxi company|publisher=[[BBC News]] / PRI's The World, Delhi|author=Rhitu Chatterjee|language=|date=2013-02-14|accessdate=2015-05-15}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{World topic|Taxis of|noredlinks=yes}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Taxicabs of India}}
[[Category:Taxis of India| ]]

Dilip Gavit

2026-01-05T22:15:18Z

Curi Hospital: created new data - done

{{Short description|Indian para athlete}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| nationality =
| sport = [[Paralympic athletics]]
|disability =
|disability_class =
| event =
| club =
| coach =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|4|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| retired=
| height =
| weight =
| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[para-athletics]]}}[[File:Athletics pictogram (Paralympics).svg|25px]]
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Para Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Para Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Athletics at the 2022 Asian Para Games|400m T47]]}}
}}

'''Dilip Mahadu Gavit''' (born 21 April 2003) is an Indian para athlete from [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip GAVIT {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/india/dilip-gavit-14884144 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=worldathletics.org}}</ref> He competes in men's 400m T47. He qualified to represent [[India at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]] at [[Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-19 |title=Indian para athletes earn 17 quota places for Paris Games, record best ever finish at World Championship |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/indian-para-athletes-earn-17-quota-places-for-paris-games-record-best-ever-finish-at-world-championship/articleshow/101960937.cms |access-date=2024-08-13 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He qualified third for the finals with a season's best of 49.54m.

== Life ==
Gavit is from [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]]. His right arm is amputated from below the elbow.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Teenager Dilip Gavit pushes the limits to compete with able bodied athletes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/gavit-pushes-the-limits-to-compete-with-able-bodied-athletes-7568915/ |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He did his schooling at Shahid Bhagat Singh School at [[Surgana]] Taluk, [[Nashik district|Nashik]] district. He trains under national coach Vaijanath Kale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Dilip carries baton for Maharashtra single handedly |url=https://www.asianage.com/sports/in-other-sports/160119/dilip-carries-baton-for-maharashtra-single-handedly.html |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=www.asianage.com |language=en}}</ref> He is currently supported by [[Olympic Gold Quest]], a sports NGO. {{Ref needed|date=September 2024}}

== Career ==
Gavit won a gold medal at the [[2022 Asian Para Games]] at [[Hangzhou]], China, which incidentally was the 100th medal for India at the para games.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-28 |title=India At Asian Para Games 2023: Dilip Gavit Wins Gold In Men's T-47 400m Event, Crosses 100-medal Mark |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/india-at-asian-para-games-2023-dilip-gavit-wins-gold-in-men-s-t-47-400m-event-crosses-100-medal-mark-news-327175 |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the 2019 Khelo Games at [[Pune]], he was part of the Maharashtra team that won the bronze in the {{nowrap|4 × 400 m}} relay. He represented India at the 2023 Paris World Para Athletics Championships where he booked a quota place for the Olympics in July 2023.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gavit, Dilip}}
[[Category:2003 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Athletes from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Paralympic athletes for India]]
[[Category:Indian men sprinters]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Para Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2024 Summer Paralympics]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Para Games medalists in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

{{Paralympics-stub}}
{{India-athletics-bio-stub}}

Mangalorean chicken sukka

2025-12-15T11:40:09Z

Curi Hospital: Made new details w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian chicken dish native to the Mangalore and Udupi regions}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox food
|variations=Dry, semi-gravy
|type=Curry|region=[[Tulunadu]]
|image=Chicken Sukka.jpg
|main_ingredient=[[Chicken as food|Chicken]], grated [[coconut]], red chillies
|country=[[India]]
|course=Main course
|alternate_name=[[Tulu Language|Tulu]]: kori sukka, kori ajadina; [[English Language|English]]: chicken sukka
}}
[[File:Chicken Sukka Mangalorean Cusine.JPG|thumb|260x260px|Chicken sukka semi-gravy]]

'''Mangalorean chicken sukka''' or '''kori sukka/kori ajadina''' ([[Tulu language|Tulu]]) is an Indian [[Chicken as food|chicken]] dish native to the [[Mangalore]] and [[Udupi]] regions of [[Karnataka]]. The word "sukka" comes from the [[Hindi]] "sukha" which means "dry", sometimes also called "''kori ajadina''". However, it can be prepared in two variations: dry and semi-gravy.{{clarify|date=October 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/indian-cooking-tips-how-to-make-mangalorean-chicken-sukka-at-home-2248960|title=Indian Cooking Tips: How To Make Mangalorean Chicken Sukka At Home| date=2020-06-19|website=NDTV Food}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/70391/7-mangalorean-dishes-that-are-simply-irresistible| title=Eat Like a Local: The Coastal Fare of Mangaluru| date=2020-04-20| work=Outlook India| author=Roshni Subramanian}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of chicken dishes]]
* [[Kori rotti]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Chicken dishes}}

[[Category:Mangalorean cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian chicken dishes]]
[[Category:Indian curries]]

Vikas Saharan

2025-12-14T15:25:25Z

Curi Hospital: New...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Kalayat Assembly constituency|Kalayat]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Kamlesh Dhanda]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''Vikas Saharan''' is an Indian politician from Haryana. He is a [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Kalayat Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Kalayat, Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: INC's Vikas Saharan wins Kalayat with 48142 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/kalayat-haryana-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612793-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Kalayat Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kalayat-election-result-2024-live-update-9077302.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|title=A look at Haryana’s 40 first-time MLAs|date=2 December 2024|accessdate=4 July 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704171938/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/haryana-first-time-mlas-9702131/|archivedate=4 July 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> His father is Sh. Jai Prakash (JP) is currently Member of Parliament from Hisar. He also served as Deputy Minister in Ministry of Petroleum and Chemicals in [[Chandra Shekhar ministry]]. He was member of the 9th, 11th, and 14th [[Lok Sabha]]. Sh. VIKAS SAHARAN is a youth Icon of Indian national congress and represents KALAYAT constituency.

== See also ==
* [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Haryana Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saharan, Vikas}}
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Haryana]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Haryana MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Haryana-INC-politician-stub}}

Zeipora

2025-11-27T22:15:51Z

Curi Hospital: Data...

{{Short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Zeipora Devsar
| subdivision_type2 = District
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| subdivision_name3 = [[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir|Devsar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kulgam district|Kulgam]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Jammu and Kashmir}}
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_type1 = State
| official_name = Zeipora
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| pushpin_label = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| settlement_type = Village
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020 | url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924141909/http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| image_skyline = Village_zeipora.jpg
| image_caption = Aerial view of Zeipora village
}}

'''Zeipora''' is a village located in [[Devsar, Jammu and Kashmir|Devsar]] tehsil of [[Kulgam district]] in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is situated {{convert|6|km}} away from Devsar and {{convert|8|km}} away from the district headquarters of [[Kulgam]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZEIPORA DEVSAR Village HABLISH Panchayat DEVSAR Block, Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir India|url=https://brandbharat.com/english/jk/districts/Kulgam/Kulgam_DEVSAR_HABLISH_ZEIPORA%20DEVSAR.html|access-date=2022-02-22|website=brandbharat.com|archive-date=15 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415225320/https://brandbharat.com/english/jk/districts/Kulgam/Kulgam_DEVSAR_HABLISH_ZEIPORA%20DEVSAR.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 census, the census ode of Zeipora Devsar village is 004055. It has a population of 656, with 343 men and 313 women.<ref name="y052">{{cite web | title=Zeipora Devsar village in Devsar taluka, Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir | website=Vill | url=https://vill.co.in/jammu-kashmir/kulgam/devsar-015000600/zeipora-devsar-000600040550/ | access-date=2024-08-08}}</ref>

== Shrine ==
Located in the village is a shrine dedicated to ''Haji baba'', as well as a sign tree of ''Hazrat simnania''. There is an active, youth-led foundation in the village known as ''Simnania Youth Foundation'', which is affiliated with [[Tehreek-e-Soutul Awliya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Kulgam, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Picturesque place nestling on the bank of river Veshaw {{!}} India|url=https://kulgam.nic.in/village-panchayats/|access-date=2022-02-22|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Villages in Kulgam district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}

L. K. Doraiswamy

2025-11-07T17:46:21Z

Curi Hospital: Creating a info

{{short description|Indian-American chemical engineer, author and academic (1927–2012)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = L. K. Doraiswamy
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|05|13}}
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|06|02|1927|05|13}}
| death_place = [[Danville, Pennsylvania]], USA
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Chemical engineer Scientist Writer
| yearsactive = 1948–2012
| known for = Organic synthesis engineering
| spouse = Rajalakshmi
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents = Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Kamala
| website =
| awards = {{ublist|1983 [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] Syed Hussain Zaheer Medal | 1986 [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] | 1987 Jawaharlal Nehru Lifetime Achievement Award | 1988 CE Personal Achievement Award | 1990 [[Padma Bhushan]] | 1990 [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers|AICE]] [[Richard H. Wilhelm]] Award | 2001 [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers|IIChE]] Padma Vibhushan Prof. M. M. Sharma Medal | 2003 [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers|IIChE]] Dr. B. P. Godrej Life Time Achievement Award | 2004 [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers|AICE]] [[William Hultz Walker#AIChE William H. Walker Award|William H. Walker Award]] | Homi Bhabha Medal }}
}}
'''Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy''' (1927–2012) was an Indian-American<ref name="Padma Awards"/> chemical engineer, author and academic, known for his contributions in developing ''Organic synthesis engineering'' as a modern science discipline.<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science">{{cite web | url=http://www.neglectedscience.com/alphabetical-list/d/laxmangudi-krishnamurthy-doraiswamy | title=Doraiswamy on Neglected Science | publisher=Neglected Science | date=2016 | accessdate=May 12, 2016}}</ref> ''Chemical Engineering'' journal of [[McGraw Hill]] listed him among the ''10 most distinguished chemical engineers in the world'' in 1988.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy">{{cite journal | title=Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy | author=Terry S. King | journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. | year=1998 | volume=37 |issue = 6| pages=2069–2071| doi=10.1021/ie980023a | doi-access=free }}</ref> He was the author of nine texts in chemical engineering, including ''Organic Synthesis Engineering'', a 2001 publication which is known to have introduced the topic as a definitive scientific stream<ref name="Organic Synthesis Engineering">{{cite book | title=Organic Synthesis Engineering | publisher=Oxford University Press | author=L. K. Doraiswamy | year=2001 | pages=936 | isbn=978-0195096897}}</ref> and ''Heterogeneous reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design'',<ref name="DoraiswamySharma1984">{{cite book|author1=Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy|author2=Man Mohan Sharma|title=Heterogeneous reactions: analysis, examples, and reactor design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzhHAQAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-05368-2}}</ref> reportedly the first comprehensive text in chemical engineering.<ref name="Deceased Fellow">{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N770222 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815211324/http://www.insaindia.org.in/deceaseddetail.php?id=N770222 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=August 15, 2016 | title=Deceased Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref>

He was a recipient of honorary doctorate degrees from [[University of Salford]], and [[University of Wisconsin]], besides several other awards and honors which included [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]], [[Richard H. Wilhelm]] Award, [[William Hultz Walker#AIChE William H. Walker Award|William H. Walker Award]] and Homi Bhabha Medal. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Bhushan]], in 1990, for his contributions to science.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |accessdate=January 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archivedate=October 15, 2015 }}</ref>

==Early life==
Laxmangudi Doraiswamy, born in [[Karnataka]], did his schooling at [[Centenary Methodist Church, Hyderabad#Institutions|Methodist Boys High School]], [[Hyderabad]] before graduating in chemistry (BSc) from [[Nizam College]], then under the [[University of Madras]].<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> Doraiswamy's English skills had prompted his school principal to advise him to take up literature as a career.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> He also wrote poetry but none of his poems were published.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy (1927–2012) on Current Science" /> Choosing chemical engineering for his further education, he secured the degree of BS, in 1946,<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy (1927–2012) on Current Science">{{cite web | url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/103/05/0571.pdf | title=L. K. Doraiswamy (1927–2012) on Current Science | publisher=Current Science | date=10 September 2012 | accessdate=May 12, 2016 | author=B. D. Kulkarni | pages=571–572}}</ref> from [[Alagappa College of Technology]], one of the only two Indian institutions offering chemical engineering for advanced studies at that time.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University">{{cite journal | url=http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/00/03/83/00155/AA00000383_00155_178.pdf | title=L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University | author1=Thomas D. Wheelrock | author2=Peter J. Reilly | journal=CHE Educator | year=2002 | volume=Summer | pages=178–181 | access-date=2016-05-15 | archive-date=2016-06-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611132557/http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/00/03/83/00155/AA00000383_00155_178.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> His performance in the engineering examinations earned him a scholarship from the Government of Andhra Pradesh which helped him to pursue further studies at the [[University of Wisconsin]] and the twenty one-year old reached Wisconsin when the winter of 1948 was its peak in December.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> It was during his stay at the University of Wisconsin, he had the opportunity to meet Olaf Andreas Hougen, a known academic in chemistry and a later-day professor emeritus of Wisconsin University,<ref name="In memory of Olaf Hougen">{{cite journal | title=In memory of Olaf Hougen | author=Joseph O. Hirschfelder | journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. | year=1986 | volume=25 | issue=4 | pages=461 | doi=10.1021/i100024a002}}</ref> After completing his master's degree in 1950, he continued at the university to secure his doctoral degree in chemical engineering in 1952 for which Hougen reportedly assisted him in getting permission from the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam government of Hyderabad]], who wanted Doraiswamy to return to India to start serving the government.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> His doctoral thesis was on ''semichemical pulping'', prepared under the supervision of Hougen and John McGovern of the [[Forest Products Laboratory]], [[US Department of Agriculture]].<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" />

== Academic and professional career ==
[[File:Ncl-pune.jpg|thumb|235px|[[National Chemical Laboratory]], Pune]]

Doraiswamy's career started at R. L. Carlisle Chemical and Manufacturing Company of [[Brooklyn]] for a short stint of two years and he left US for India in 1954 to take up the position of a scientist at the [[National Chemical Laboratory]] (NCL), Pune where he continued his researches in chemical engineering.<ref name="NCL Previous Directors">{{cite web | url=http://www.ncl-india.org/files/AboutNCL/Organization/PreviousDirectors.aspx?menuid=ql8&childmenustripid=divSubQL8 | title=NCL Previous Directors | publisher=National Chemical Laboratory | date=2016 | accessdate=May 12, 2016}}</ref> His tenure at NCL lasted a quarter of a century, rising in ranks as a senior scientist, assistant director (1961), deputy director (1966) and superannuating in 1989, as the first non-chemist to head the organization, after holding the post of the director since 1978.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> In between, he was reportedly offered the post of the director general of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the largest research and development (R&D) organisation in India, controlling 38 national laboratories, 39 outreach centres, 3 Innovation Complexes and 5 units,<ref name="Welcome to the World of CSIR">{{cite web | url=http://www.csir.res.in/Home.aspx?MenuId=2 | title=Welcome to the World of CSIR | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702134459/http://www.csir.res.in/Home.aspx?MenuId=2 | archivedate=July 2, 2016 }}</ref> but he declined the offer to stay with NCL.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> It was at this time, NCL entered into a bilateral co-operation agreement with the department of chemical and biological engineering of the [[Iowa State University]] and this led to his visit to Iowa, where he met Peter Reilly, the then ''Anson Marston Distinguished Professor'' of the university.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy, famed Anson Marston distinguished professor emeritus, passes away">{{cite web | url=https://news.engineering.iastate.edu/2012/06/14/l-k-doraiswamy-famed-anson-marston-distinguished-professor-emeritus-passes-away/ | title=L. K. Doraiswamy, famed Anson Marston distinguished professor emeritus, passes away | publisher=Iowa State University | date=14 June 2012 | accessdate=May 12, 2016}}</ref> It is reported that Reilly persuaded Doraiswamy to join the university as the ''Glenn Murphy Visiting Professor of Engineering'' which he agreed to and, later, joined the institution as a permanent faculty in 1992 as the ''Herbert Stiles Professor''. During his stay in Iowa, he was involved in various visiting lectures and symposia and became the ''Anson Marston Distinguished Professor'', the highest academic honour for engineering academics at the university. He continued his association with the university even after his retirement in 2001 till his death 2012.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy, famed Anson Marston distinguished professor emeritus, passes away" />

== Legacy ==

=== Academic contributions ===
In 2001, Doraiswamy published a seminal work, ''Organic Synthesis Engineering'', which defined the subject and introduced it as an independent science discipline.<ref name="Organic Synthesis Engineering - Review">{{cite web | url=https://app.knovel.com/web/toc.v/cid:kpOSE00001/viewerType:toc/root_slug:organic-synthesis-engineering | title=Organic Synthesis Engineering - Review | publisher=Knovel | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref> The book emphasized on ''catalysis and the role of process intensification in enhancing overall productivity'' and explained the ''applications of catalysis in organic synthesis''.<ref name="Organic Synthesis Engineering - Review" /> This is reported to be a pioneering attempt in chemical reactions engineering<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science" /> and assisted in conjoining the disciplines of chemical and chemical engineering processes.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> Another of his work, ''Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design'', co-authored by M. M. Sharma,<ref name="DoraiswamySharma1984" /> is considered as the first comprehensive text on chemical engineering.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> At NCL as well as at Iowa State University, he mentored 45 research scholars in their post graduate and doctoral studies.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> He was a visiting professor at six universities and sat at the editorial boards of many refereed journals<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> like ''Indian Chemical Engineer'', the official journal of the Journal of the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers]] (IIChE).<ref name="Indian Chemical Engineer">{{cite web | url=http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=tice20#.Vzck-JF97IU | title=Indian Chemical Engineer | publisher=Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref> It was during his tenure as the head of NCL, a Centre of Excellence in Catalysis was established which eventually returned several scientific contributions.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He headed the working group on Catalysis of the ''Indo-Russian Science and Technology Cooperation'' and was instrumental in NCL starting collaborative ventures with [[Salford University]], UK and with the [[University of Erlangen]], Germany.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" />

=== Scientific contributions ===
Doraiswamy was known to have introduced several innovations in chemical reaction engineering. Gas-solid catalytic and non-catalytic reactions, solid-solid reactions, [[phase-transfer catalysis]] mediated reactions, [[stochastic modelling]], [[fluidization]], adsorption and catalysis and catalytic reactor analysis are some of the areas where his researches reportedly made improvements.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> He launched radical changes in the processing of dimethylaniline, chloromethanes, methylchlorosilanes, ethylenediamine and vitamin B6.<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science" /><ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> He introduced a complete process for methyl, ethyl, butyl and 2-ethylhexylacrylates while the process initiated by him, jointly with G. D. Rihani in 1965 for calculating enthalpy, entropy and the Cp for an ideal gas is known as ''Rihani-Doraiswamy method''.<ref name="HicksChopey2012">{{cite book|author1=Tyler Hicks|author2=Nicholas Chopey|title=Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEaYbdg8jnMC|date=10 July 2012|publisher=McGraw Hill Professional|isbn=978-0-07-176804-7}}</ref> ''Verma-Doraiswamy method''<ref name="Estimation of Heats of Formation of Organic Compounds">{{cite journal | title=Estimation of Heats of Formation of Organic Compounds |author1=K. K. Verma |author2=L. K. Doraiswamy | journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. | year=1965 | volume=4 | issue=4 | pages=389–396 | doi=10.1021/i160016a006}}</ref> for the estimation of [[Standard enthalpy of formation]] is another process that bears his name.<ref name="Reaction Equilibrium in the Isomerization of 2,4,4-Trimethyl Pentenes">{{cite journal | url=http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2002/isbn9512259052/article5.pdf | title=Reaction Equilibrium in the Isomerization of 2,4,4-Trimethyl Pentenes |author1=Reetta S. Karinen |author2=Mikko S. Lylykangas |author3=A. Outi I. Krause | journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. | year=2001 | volume=40 | issue=4 | pages=1011–1015 | doi=10.1021/ie000526s}}</ref> The invention jointly made with Thomas Wheelock of a calcium based [[sorbent]] for [[coal gas]] [[desulphurization]], introduction of zeolite catalysts, the development of a [[xylene]] [[isomerization]] process and a new methodology for the [[alkylation]] of benzene with alcohols are some of his other contributions.<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science" /> It was at the tissue culture pilot plant established by him where a method of propagation of bamboo by tissue culture was identified for the first time.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

=== Publications ===
Doraiswamy, who reportedly had good English language skills,<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> published nine books, five of them original works and four edited books,<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> as well as over 180 scientific papers published in peer-reviewed national and international journals.<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science" /> These writings are known to have assisted in expanding the canvass of chemical engineering beyond its conventional boundaries by introducing themes such as [[phase transfer catalysis]] and [[Sonochemistry|sonochemical reactions]].<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /><ref name="Sonochemistry: Science and Engineering">{{cite journal | title=Sonochemistry: Science and Engineering |author1=L. H. Thompson |author2=L. K. Doraiswamy | journal=Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. | year=1999 | volume=38 | issue=4 | pages=1215–1249 | doi=10.1021/ie9804172}}</ref> Apart from ''Organic Synthesis Engineering''<ref name="Organic Synthesis Engineering" /> and ''Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design'',<ref name="DoraiswamySharma1984" /> the other three books published by him are ''The Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems : A Stochastic Approach'' (1987),<ref name="The analysis of chemically reacting systems : a stochastic approach">{{cite book | title=The analysis of chemically reacting systems : a stochastic approach | publisher=Gordon and Breach Science Publishers |author1=L. K. Doraiswamy |author2=B. D. Kulkarni | year=1987 | pages=462 | isbn=9780677216706|oclc = 15284545}}</ref> ''Excellence in an Overlapping Culture: The Big History of India’s [[National Chemical Laboratory]]'' (2011)<ref name="Excellence in an Overlapping Culture: The Big History of India’s National Chemical Laboratory">{{cite book | title=Excellence in an Overlapping Culture: The Big History of India's National Chemical Laboratory | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | author=L. K. Doraiswamy | year=2011 | pages=607 | isbn=9788189643003|oclc = 713835087}}</ref> and ''Chemical Reaction Engineering : Beyond the Fundamentals'' (2014).<ref name="Chemical reaction engineering : beyond the fundamentals">{{cite book | title=Chemical reaction engineering : beyond the fundamentals | publisher=Taylor & Francis |author1=L.K. Doraiswamy |author2=Deniz Uner | year=2014 | pages=522 | isbn=9781439831229|oclc = 457164719}}</ref> The lectures delivered by Doraiswamy in the ''Hougen Lecture Series'' were compiled by the University of Wisconsin and published in 1988 under the title, ''Across Millennia : Some Thoughts on Ancient and Contemporary Science and Engineering''.<ref name="Across millennia : some thoughts on ancient and contemporary science and engineering">{{cite book | title=Across millennia : some thoughts on ancient and contemporary science and engineering | publisher=University of Wisconsin | author=L. K. Doraiswamy | year=1988 | pages=215 | oclc=36545054}}</ref> ''Frontiers in Chemical Reaction Engineering'' (1984),<ref name="Frontiers in chemical reaction engineering">{{cite book | title=Frontiers in chemical reaction engineering (Proceedings of the International Chemical Reaction Engineering Conference, Pune, Jan 1984) | publisher=Wiley | author=L. K. Doraiswamy, R. A. Mashelkar (editors) | year=1984 | isbn=9780852265925|oclc = 10402559}}</ref> ''Transport processes in Fluidized Bed Reactors'' (1987),<ref name="Transport processes in fluidized bed reactors">{{cite book | title=Transport processes in fluidized bed reactors | publisher=Wiley Eastern | author=L. K. Doraiswamy; B. D. Kulkarni (Editors) | year=1987 | pages=347 | isbn=9780852261712|oclc = 35511756}}</ref> ''Recent Advances in the Engineering Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems'' (1987),<ref name="Recent advances in the engineering analysis of chemically reacting systems">{{cite book | title=Recent advances in the engineering analysis of chemically reacting systems | publisher=J. Wiley | editor=L. K. Doraiswamy | year=1987 | pages=611 | oclc=11972071}}</ref> and ''Transport in Fluidized Particle Systems'' (1989) are the four books edited by him.<ref name="Transport in fluidized particle systems">{{cite book | title=Transport in fluidized particle systems | publisher=Elsevier | author=L.K. Doraiswamy, A.S. Mujumdar (Editors) | year=1989 | pages=546 | isbn=9780444871381|oclc = 18834703}}</ref>

=== Social contributions ===
Doraiswamy was reported to have contributed in bringing order to various departments at NCL and in recruiting talents. As the head of the organization, he introduced the scheme of preferential recruitment of widows of the former NCL employees and established a local school and shopping centre in NCL campus.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" />

== Awards and honors ==
Doraiswamy, an Anson Marston Distinguished Professor of the [[Iowa State University]], was elected as the fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] in 1974,<ref name="Fellow Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Doraiswamy,_Dr_Lakshmangudi_Krishnamurthy | title=Fellow Profile | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref> and the [[Indian National Science Academy]] followed suit in 1977.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" /> He was also a fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (TWAS) (1997) and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]].<ref name="Deceased Honorary Fellows, Foreign Fellows and Fellows">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm |title=Deceased Honorary Fellows, Foreign Fellows and Fellows |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India |date=2016 |accessdate=May 14, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528102550/http://www.nasi.org.in/deceased.htm |archivedate=May 28, 2015 }}</ref> The ''Chemical Engineering'' magazine of [[McGraw-Hill Publishers|McGraw-Hill]] listed him among the ''10 most distinguished chemical engineers in the world'' in 1988.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> He received the degree of Doctor of Science ([[honoris causa]]) from the University of Salford in 1982<ref name="Dr Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy, recipient of honorary degree">{{cite web | url=http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34479/ | title=Dr Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy, recipient of honorary degree | publisher=University of Salford | date=2016 | doi=10.1080/10618562.2021.1980212 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref> and the [[University of Wisconsin Madison]] in 1991.<ref name="Doraiswamy on Neglected Science" /> In 2010, the [[National Academy of Engineering]] inducted him as a member.<ref name="NAE Members">{{cite web | url=http://www.nae.edu/MembersSection/Directory20412/31143.aspx?layoutChange=Print,LowGraphics | title=NAE Members | publisher=National Academy of Engineering | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}</ref>

The [[Indian National Science Academy]] awarded him the ''Syed Hussain Zaheer Medal'' in 1983<ref name="The Syed Husain Zaheer Medal">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/recipients.php#78 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815141043/http://insaindia.org.in/recipients.php#78 | url-status=usurped | archive-date=August 15, 2016 | title=The Syed Husain Zaheer Medal | publisher=INSA | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016}}</ref> and he was awarded the [[Om Prakash Bhasin Award]] for Science and Technology of the Om Prakash Bhasin Foundation in 1986.<ref name="Engineering Including Energy and Aero Space">{{cite web | url=http://www.opbfawards.com/engineering.html | title=Engineering Including Energy and Aero Space | publisher=Om Praksh Bhasin Foundation | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016}}</ref> He received the Jawaharlal Nehru Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987, followed by the Personal Achievement Award of Chemical Engineering magazine in 1988.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> The Government of India included him in the [[Indian honours system|Republic Day Honours]] list for the civilian award of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1990,<ref name="Padma Awards" /> the same year as he received the [[Richard H. Wilhelm]] Award of the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]].<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> In 2001, he received the Padma Vibhushan Prof. M. M. Sharma Medal of the [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers]] (IIChE) <ref name="Padma Vibhushan Prof M M Sharma Medal">{{cite web | url=http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/chemcomspeakers | title=Padma Vibhushan Prof M M Sharma Medal | publisher=Chemcon | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611025542/http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/chemcomspeakers | archivedate=June 11, 2016 }}</ref> and IIChE repeated the honor with Dr. B. P. Godrej Life Time Achievement Award in 2003.<ref name="Dr B P Godrej Life Time Achievement Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/lifetimeawards | title=Dr B P Godrej Life Time Achievement Award | publisher=Indian Institute of Chemical Engineering | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611031644/http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/lifetimeawards | archivedate=June 11, 2016 }}</ref> He received another award, the [[William Hultz Walker#AIChE William H. Walker Award|William H. Walker Award]], for Excellence in Contributions to Chemical Engineering Literature from the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]] in 2004.<ref name="William H. Walker Award winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.aiche.org/community/awards/william-h-walker-award-excellence-contributions-chemical-engineering-literature | title=William H. Walker Award winners | publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016}}</ref> He was also a recipient of the Homi Bhabha Medal.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

On his 60th birthday, the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] published one of their books, re-titled as ''Reactions and Reaction Engineering''<ref name="Sciences1987">{{cite book|author=Indian Academy of Sciences|title=Reactions and reaction engineering|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sRTAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> in Doraiswamy's honor.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> The [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]] honored him on his 70th birthday by bringing out a collection of research papers under the name''L.K. Doraiswamy Festschrift''.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /><ref name="L.K. Doraiswamy Festschrift">{{cite journal | url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/1097510/l-k-doraiswamy-festschrift | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610060453/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/1097510/l-k-doraiswamy-festschrift | url-status=dead | archive-date=2016-06-10 | title=L.K. Doraiswamy Festschrift | author=Terry S. King | journal=Chemical Business | date=September 1998 | volume=12 | issue=9 | pages=53}}</ref> The [[Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers]] have instituted an annual oration, ''Padma Bhushan Prof. L. K. Doraiswamy Chemcon Distinguished Speaker Award'', in his honor, running since 2001.<ref name="Padma Bhushan Prof L K Doraiswamy Chemcon Distinguished Speaker Award">{{cite web | url=http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/chemcomspeakers#34 | title=Padma Bhushan Prof L K Doraiswamy Chemcon Distinguished Speaker Award | publisher=Indian Institute of Chemical Engineerng | date=2016 | accessdate=May 15, 2016 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611025542/http://www.iiche.org.in/Home/chemcomspeakers#34 | archivedate=June 11, 2016 }}</ref> Two of the institutions he was closely associated with, viz. [[Iowa State University]] and the [[National Chemical Laboratory]], honor Doraiswamy by jointly organizing a US-India lectureship every year.<ref name="Deceased Fellow" />

== Personal life ==
Doraiswamy was born in a [[Brahmin|Brahmin family]] as the only brother of three sisters born to Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy and Kamala in Bengaluru on 13 May 1927.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> Krishnamurthy was the head of [[Geological Survey of India]] at their Hyderabad branch and the young Doraiswamy was brought up in [[Lingasugur]], a small hamlet near [[Hatti Gold Mines]] and home to many archaeological sites, in the south Indian state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> He was married to Rajalakshmi, the marriage taking up place in 1952 after his return to India from Wisconsin, and the couple had a son, Deepak, a doctor in chemical engineering and a daughter, Sandhya, an MPhil and CPA holder. Both continue to live in Pennsylvania, Deepak at Landenberg and Sandhya at Danville. Doraiswamy, towards the later days of his life, suffered from heart ailments and underwent a bypass surgery. However, he could not survive for long and died on 2 June 2012, while recuperating from the surgical trauma, survived by his children; his wife had preceded him in death.<ref name="L. K. Doraiswamy of Iowa State University" /> Though the latter part of his life was spent mostly in US, he retained his Indian citizenship till the end.<ref name="Dr. L. K. Doraiswamy" /> [[Kallam Anji Reddy|Dr Kallam Anji Reddy]] the founder of [[Dr. Reddy's Laboratories|Dr Reddy's Laboratories]] obtained his Phd in [[Chemical engineering|Chemical Engineering]] from [[National Chemical Laboratory]] under supervision of Doraiswamy.

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[National Chemical Laboratory]]
* [[Nizam College]]
* [[List of Iowa State University people]]
* [[List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Chemistry}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00000383/00155/3j | title=L. K. Doraiswamy | publisher=University of Florida - George A. Smathers Libraries | work=Biography | accessdate=May 12, 2016 |author1=Thomas Wheelock |author2=Peter Reilly }}
* {{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n82-134686/ | title=Doraiswamy, Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy | publisher=WorldCat Identities | date=2016 | accessdate=May 14, 2016}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|title=Excellence in an Overlapping Culture: The Big History of India's National Chemical Laboratory|year=2011|publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|isbn=978-81-89643-00-3}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doraiswamy, L. K.}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni]]
[[Category:Indian chemical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian inventors]]
[[Category:Iowa State University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The World Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Scientists from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian chemists]]
[[Category:American chemical engineers]]
[[Category:20th-century American science writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]
[[Category:20th-century American chemists]]
[[Category:Om Prakash Bhasin Award recipients]]

Panicker

2025-10-23T04:29:57Z

Curi Hospital: Created The Pg W/ Infobox

{{short description|Surname in India}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
'''Panicker''' was an honorary title conferred by the kings of [[Kerala]] to distinguished individuals. This title was given to prominent families from different communities and religions, including [[Syrian Christian]]s, [[Nair]]s, [[Ezhava]]s, and others.<ref name="Osella50">{{cite book |last1=Osella |first1=Filippo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMRw0gTZSJwC&pg=PA50 |title=Social Mobility in Kerala: Modernity and Identity in Conflict |last2=Osella |first2=Caroline |publisher=Pluto Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-7453-1693-2 |pages=55}}</ref>

Many of these families were warriors and led soldiers. They were well known as masters of the [[Kalari]] tradition, with some having ''Nalpatheeradi Kalari'' centers (name derived from its area of 42 x 21 feet).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Kalaripayattu|url=https://www.ashkerala.com/index.php/my-kerala/42-kerala-arts-culture-and-games/451-kalaripayattu}}</ref> They also propagated and practised [[Kalaripayattu]], the native martial arts of Kerala.

==History==

[[File:Aloor Kalari, Thrissur.jpg|thumb|A present-day Kalari in Aloor, Thrissur, Kerala (Aloor Kalari)]]
Kalaris in Kerala were established during different periods. The formation of Kerala is interlinked with the story of [[Parashurama]]. It is believed that Parashurama established 108 kalaris across Kerala.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Keralolpathi (The origin of Malabar)}}</ref> Several kalaris were established during the reign of ''Kulasekharas''.<ref name=":1" /> In the 12th century towards the end of Perumal era, the present state of Kerala was divided into small autonomous provinces called ''Nadus'' and ruled by its Kings. During the ''Kulasekhara'' rule and later the kings of ''Nadus'' brought in warriors from [[Tulu Nadu]].

The Portuguese traveller [[Duarte Barbosa]] said that "''They are the skillful men who teach this art [[Kalaripayattu|Kalarippayattu]], and they are called the Panickers: these are the captains in war."''<ref>{{cite book | title = Indian and Oriental Arms and Armour | author = Lord Egerton of Tatton| publisher = Courier Dover Publications | year = 2002| page = 80}}</ref> In Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India it, is given that "The teachers of martial arts in order to distinguish themselves from other Panikkars, named themselves as Vanma, Varma Panikkars, Other titles include a middle name of "Kalarikkal" (literally, ''<nowiki/>'of the kalari')'' generally following the name of the respective 'kalari' to which he/she belongs to.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Nossiter, T. J. (Thomas Johnson)|title=Communism in Kerala : a study in political adaptation|date=1982|publisher=University of California Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London|others=Royal Institute of International Affairs.|isbn=0-520-04667-6|location=Berkeley|oclc=9602086}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Panikkar|first=K. M.|date=July 1918|title=Some Aspects of Nayar Life.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2843423|journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=48|pages=242–248|doi=10.2307/2843423|jstor=2843423|issn=0307-3114|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== Meloot Panicker ===
'Meloot' is a prominent varma family in [[kerala]]. During their dynasty period, the Meloot family branched themselves into two formations - Ruling authority and Military authority. Henceforth the military authority Meloot Varmas were acknowledged as Panickers (warrior) and upheld the kingdom's shield and administration.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Thampuran .|first=Ramavarma Appan|title=Bhootharayar|year=1923|pages=86–127}}</ref> Varmas received principal royalty status from The Kingdom of Travancore Since 1827 for their service . They are chiefly known as Meloot Varma Panickers or Meloot Panickers."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sreedhara Menon, A.|title=A survey of Kerala history|date=2007|publisher=D C Books|isbn=978-81-264-1578-6|location=Kerala State, India|oclc=426093919}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> At present, Kalaripayattu is not practiced or followed in some of the Meloot families, yet they keep their tradition and heritage very close to them.

===Mathur Panicker===
'Mathur' is located in Nedumudi in the Alappuzha district, the home of Mathur Panicker, the Nair General of the Chembakassery King. The Mathur Temple and the Mathur Gallery are there. The place is famous for the arts of Kathakali and Velakali. Kunjan Nambiar stayed at the Mathur temple for Bhajan and offered prayers to Bhagwati. There are Padma Shri award-winning artists including Mathur Govindan Kutty. There is also references to Mathur Panikker in English and Dutch documents. There is existing the pathinaru kettu of Mathur built entirely of wood.

==Notable people==
*[[Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker]], 19th Century Warrior and Social Reformer.
* [[Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker]], Malayalam poet and prominent social reformer
* [[Dinesh Panicker]], film producer and actor
* [[Ayyappa Paniker]], poet
* [[Cherayi Panicker]], Army head of Zamorin
* [[G.N.Panicker]], literary figure
* [[K. M. Panikkar]] (1895–1963), statesman and diplomat, professor, newspaper editor, historian and novelist
* [[K. N. Panikkar]] (born 1936), historian
* [[Kadammanitta Ramakrishnan]] (born M. R. Ramakrishna Panicker), writer
* [[Kavalam Madhava Panikkar]], diplomat and writer
* [[Kavalam Narayana Panicker]], dramatist, theater director, and poet
* [[N. Kesava Panikkar]], zoologist
* [[P. K. Narayana Panicker]], former General Secretary and President of the [[Nair Service Society]]
* [[P. N. Panicker]], father of the Library Movement
* [[Prem Panicker]], cricket journalist
* [[Putumanna Panikkar|Puthumana Panicker]]: Title held by the Padanair( head of army) from Puthumana family<ref name="localnews.manoramaonline.com">{{Cite web|url=https://localnews.manoramaonline.com/kozhikode/local-news/2019/11/05/kozhikode-mamangam.html|title=മാമാങ്കം: ചോര കൊണ്ടെഴുതിയ വീരചരിത്രങ്ങൾ; പോരാട്ടം, മരണം വരെ|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>
* Chandroth Panicker: Title held by the Padanair from Chandroth family, 15-year-old boy warrior chandroth chanthunni hailed from chandroth family<ref name="localnews.manoramaonline.com" />
* Kokat Panicker: Title held by the Padanair from Kokat family<ref name="localnews.manoramaonline.com" />
* Verkot Panicker: Title held by the Padanair from Verkot family<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kerals.com/keralatourism/kerala.php?t=83| website = Kerals.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110019/http://kerals.com/keralatourism/kerala.php?t=83|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-04|title= Festivals in Ancient Kerala: Mamankam |date=2016-03-04|access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>
* [[Rahul Panicker]], entrepreneur, president and co-founder of Embrace Innovations
* [[Renji Panicker]], journalist, script writer, producer, actor, and director
* Niranam poets:
** [[Madhava Panikkar (poet)|Madhava Panikkar]], one of the Niranam poets
** [[Rama Panikkar]], one of the Niranam poets
** [[Sankara Panikkar]], one of the Niranam poets

See also [[Panikkar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{surname}}

[[Category:Titles in India]]

Lakha Khan

2025-10-19T11:11:15Z

Curi Hospital: Made a pg more to come

{{Short description|Indian Musical artist (born 1945)}}
{{Other uses|Lakha (disambiguation){{!}}Lakha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Shri|PS]]
| name = Lakha Khan Mangniyar
| image = Padma Shri Lakha Khan Manganiar (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Lakha Khan receiving [[Padma Shri]]
| birth_name = Lakha Khan
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1945}}
| birth_place = Raneri, [[Jodhpur district]], [[Rajasthan]], India
| instrument = Sindhi sarangi, vocals
| genre = Rajasthani folk music, Sufi music
| occupation = Musician, vocalist
| associated_acts = Dane Khan (son)
}}

'''Lakha Khan Mangniyar''' (born c. 1945) is an Indian folk musician, sarangi player, and vocalist from [[Rajasthan]]. He is widely regarded as one of the last remaining masters of the Sindhi sarangi, an instrument intrinsic to the musical traditions of the [[Manganiyar]] community. Khan has played a significant role in preserving and promoting [[Rajasthani Folk|Rajasthani folk]] and [[Sufi music]] at both national and international levels.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahman |first=Azera Parveen |date=2021-12-09 |title=Lakha Khan: 'Music is the reason I am here today' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/desert-notes/article37912057.ece |access-date=2025-04-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजस्थानी लोक संगीत को पूरी दुनिया में पहचान दिलाने वाले लाखा खान को पदमश्री सम्मान |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jodhpur/sarangi-player-lakha-khan-have-been-named-for-the-prestigious-padma-shri-award-by-thec-centre-on-72nd-republic-day/articleshow/80461099.cms?story=3 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-15 |title=Rajasthan's dying folk music finds a voice |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2009/Oct/06/rajasthans-dying-folk-music-finds-a-voice-94332.html |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-07 |title=In pursuit of the link between blues and Indian folk |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/link-between-blues-indian-folk-lakha-khan-chazz-chaitanya-bhalla-amarrass-nights-8366175/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and training ==
Lakha Khan was born in the village of Raneri in the [[Jodhpur district]] of Rajasthan, into a family of traditional Manganiyar musicians. He began learning music at a young age, initially studying vocal traditions before training in the Sindhi sarangi. By the age of 12, he had started performing publicly.<ref name="BhaskarProfile">{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/sarangi-player-lakha-khan-resident-of-raneri-jodhpur-decorated-with-padma-shri-has-been-playing-since-the-age-of-12-has-performed-in-43-countries-129103947.html |title=सारंगी वादक लखां खान, जोधपूर के राणेरी के निवासी, पद्म श्री से अलंकृत |language=hi |newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>

== Career ==
Khan’s early career was shaped by the influence of ethnomusicologist [[Komal Kothari]], under whose mentorship he gained opportunities to perform across India. He later toured internationally, introducing the Sindhi sarangi and Rajasthani folk repertoire to audiences in over 40 countries, including the United States, Japan, Russia, and various parts of Europe.<ref name="Independent2017">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/lakha-khan-inida-musician-rajasthan-s-traditional-folk-historian-muslims-hindus-islam-a7635671.html |title=Lakha Khan: India's traditional folk historian who sings of Muslims and Hindus |newspaper=The Independent |date=2017-03-24 |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>

After a brief hiatus from international touring, Khan resumed global performances in the 2010s with [[Amarrass Records]]. He played at prestigious platforms such as [[WOMEX]] in Finland and the [[Roskilde Festival]] in Denmark.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/sarangi-maestro-lakha-khan-to-perform-at-denmarks-roskilde-festival-7984853/ |title=Sarangi maestro Lakha Khan to perform at Denmark's Roskilde Festival |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=2022-06-25 |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>

Khan’s repertoire spans Rajasthani folk music, devotional [[bhajans]], and [[Sufi music]], often performed in multiple languages such as Marwari, Sindhi, Hindi, and Punjabi. His music is noted for its intricate melodies and deeply spiritual undertones. He frequently collaborates with his son, Dane Khan, who accompanies him on the dholak.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/rajasthani-folk-music-praising-krishna-to-the-tune-of-sindhi-sarangi/story-Ft8mp0AtIM7Wo7w4lJ1BlM.html |title=Rajasthani folk music: Praising Krishna to the tune of Sindhi Sarangi |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=2023-08-16 |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Lakha Khan has been honored with several national and state-level awards for his contributions to traditional music.

* [[Padma Shri]] (2021): India’s fourth-highest civilian award, in recognition of his lifelong dedication to the folk arts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/rajasthan/jodhpur/sarangi-player-lakha-khan-have-been-named-for-the-prestigious-padma-shri-award-by-thec-centre-on-72nd-republic-day/articleshow/80461099.cms |title=सारंगी वादक लखा खान को पद्मश्री पुरस्कार के लिए नामित किया गया |language=hi |newspaper=Navbharat Times |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/jodhpur/news/lakha-khan-who-will-bring-folk-music-to-the-whole-world-will-now-be-called-padma-shri-128161860.html |title=लोक संगीत को दुनिया में पहुंचाने वाले लखां खान अब कहलाएंगे पद्म श्री |language=hi |newspaper=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2008): Conferred by India's National Academy for Music, Dance and Drama for his excellence in folk traditions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/rajasthan/state/jodhpur/story-of-sarangi-player-lakha-khan-honored-with-padma-shri-award/rj20210126171017617 |title=पद्मश्री पुरस्कार से सम्मानित सारंगी वादक लखां खान की कहानी |language=hi |newspaper=ETV Bharat |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>
* Marudhara Foundation Award: Recognized for his work in preserving Rajasthani heritage.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.patrika.com/jaipur-news/shyam-sundar-paliwal-lakha-khan-arjun-singh-padma-awards-2021-6652106 |title=Padma Awards 2021: राजस्थान के तीन सपूतों को मिला सम्मान |language=hi |newspaper=Patrika |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.amarrass.com/lakha-khan Amarrass Records – Lakha Khan profile]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8MoacsZPS0 Lakha Khan – Live at WOMEX 2019]
* [https://agakhanmuseum.org/bio/lakha-khan Aga Khan Museum – Artist Bio]
* [https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/sarangi-maestro-lakha-khan-to-perform-at-denmarks-roskilde-festival-7984853/ Indian Express – Lakha Khan at Roskilde Festival]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Lakha}}
[[Category:Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Indian folk musicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:People from Jodhpur district]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1945 births]]
[[Category:Singers from Rajasthan]]

Meenakshisundaram Pillai

2025-10-08T13:03:32Z

Curi Hospital: Made new data more to come - done

{{moresources|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
'''Meenakshisundaram Pillai''' (1869–1964) is a classical dance guru considered as the prominent founder of [[Pandanallur style|''Pandanallur style'' of Bharatanatyam]], [[Indian classical dance|Indian dance]]. He lived in the village of [[Pandanallur]], in the [[Thanjavur district]] in the [[south India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Elegance personified |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101410300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406101426/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101410300.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 April 2005 |publisher=[[The Hindu]]|date=11 March 2005 }}</ref>

==Background==
Meenakshisundaram Pillai, whose ancestors were nattuvanars, was a descendant from the [[Thanjavur Quartet]], which comprised four brothers: Chinnaiah, Ponniah, Sivanandam and Vadivelu.<ref name=lineage>{{cite web|title=Guru - Artistic Lineage|author= Urvi Pathak|url=http://satvikamshivam.weebly.com/guru---artistic-lineage.html|website=Satvikamshiva,.weebly.com | date=2012}}</ref> The works of these four brothers, who were court composers in the early 19th century in Thanjavur, form the main classical masterpieces of Bharatanatyam.

Baroda Guru Kubernath Tanjorkar (1916 - 2007), a disciple of Pillai, later established Tanjor Dance Music & Art Research Centre in Baroda, Gujarat. Thiruvallaputhur Swaminatha Pillai, also known as T.K.Swaminatha Pillai, was one of the leading disciples of Pillai. He learned Bharathanatiyam under the Gurukula of Pillai for more than ten years. He also mentored [[Ram Gopal (dancer)|Ram Gopal]], who became one of the pioneers of Indian dance in the west.<ref name=deccan>{{cite news |title=Ram Gopal: the legend|author= Leela Ramanathan |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/nov02/at4.asp |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=26 October 2003 }}</ref><ref name=hindu>{{cite news |title=Ambassador of Indian dance |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/24/stories/2003102401720500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031110171622/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/24/stories/2003102401720500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2003 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=24 October 2003 }}</ref>

Pillai was said to have been trained by his uncle, Kumarasamy Nattuvanar. He trained several famous Bharata Natyam dancers, including Devadasis such as Pandanallur Jayalakshmi, Thangachi Ammal, Sabaranjitam, as well as people from other castes such as [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], Rukmini Devi and [[Tara Chaudhri]]. He was one of the most sought after Bharathanatyam Gurus. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/waheeda-rahman-says-bharatanatyam-guru-made-her-kundali-before-taking-her-as-a-student-101616855703829.html|title=Sought after Dance Guru|date=27 March 2021|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>

After Pillai, his son-in-law Chokkalingam Pillai (1893–1968) became the doyen Guru of the Pandanallur style. Subbaraya Pillai (1914–2008), Chokkalingam Pillai's son, was the next leading Guru of the Pandanallur style. He grew up in the village of Pandanallur and was an apprentice under his grandfather and father. He trained leading dancers such as [[Alarmel Valli]] and [[Meenakshi Chitharanjan]].

==Style==
The Pandanallur style developed a reputation for the emphasis on linear geometry that can be found in the ''adavu'' technique, and for its intensity and understatement in ''abhinaya''.

The Pandanallur style is renowned for its choreography, which include such highly regarded pieces as the Nine or Ten Tanjore Quartet ''pada-varnams'' . These works featured choreography by Pillai, who named the dramatic choreography "hands," and was also responsible for the ''adavu'' choreography for the ''swara'' passages.

Part of their heritage is the valuable jatiswarams (in ''ragams [[Vasantha (raga)|Vasantha]], [[Saveri]], [[Chakravakam (raga)|Chakravakam]], [[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]], [[Bhairavi (Carnatic)|Bhairavi]]''), which incorporate abstract ''adavu'' choreography.

Pandanallur style gives a lot of importance to abinayaha (expressions sometimes, abstract). Moreover, stamping the foot hard against the floor is discouraged in this style. Instead, slow movements are used to make the salangai (ankle bells) give out a lot of noise.
The strong Footwork whereby every Step is marked, is a result of one of the Arts Music main feature of exactness and accuracy to bring out the Rhythmic vitality as the Dancer is required to have a Natural Rhythmic Body of expression.
This Feature was mostly not possible to bring out by each and every one Student.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20031231133349/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2003/10/03/stories/2003100301780400.htm Guardian of Pandanallur tradition] ''[[The Hindu]]''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pandanallur Style}}
[[Category:Classical dance genres of India]]
[[Category:Bharatanatyam]]
[[Category:Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Nattuvanars]]

2011 Deccan Chargers season

2025-09-25T16:04:15Z

Curi Hospital: Adding A Post

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Deccan Chargers
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2011 Indian Premier League|2011]]
| coach = [[Darren Lehmann]]
| captain = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] [[Cameron White]]<ref name="captainwhite" group="nb">[[Cameron White]] acted as the captain in the last match as Sangakkara left the squad on the national duty for the [[Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2011|Sri Lanka tour of England]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Match 67, Kings XI Punjab vs Deccan Chargers, Commentary|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-scores/9965/kxip-vs-dc-67th-match-indian-premier-league-2011|publisher=Cricbuzz|access-date=11 September 2018|date=21 May 2011}}</ref>
| ground = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]] (Capacity: 55,000)
| comp1 = [[2011 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Group Stage (7th)
| prevseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2010|2010]]
| nextseason = [[Deccan Chargers in 2012|2012]]
| most runs= [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (400)
| most wickets= [[Amit Mishra]] (19)
| most catches= [[Daniel Christian]] (7)
| most dismissals= [[Kumar Sangakkara]] (19)
|}}
The [[Deccan Chargers]] (DC) were a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Hyderabad]], [[India]], that competed in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL), a professional [[Twenty20 cricket]] (T20) league in [[India]]. They were one of the ten teams that competed in the [[2011 Indian Premier League]], making their fourth appearance in all IPL tournaments. The team was captained by [[Kumar Sangakkara]] and coached by [[Darren Lehmann]].<ref name="new captain">{{cite web|title=IPL 4: Kumar Sangakkara looking forward to stint with Deccan Chargers|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-ipl-4-kumar-sangakkara-looking-forward-to-stint-with-deccan-chargers-1529067|publisher=DNA India|access-date=11 September 2018|date=6 April 2011}}</ref>

The Deccan Chargers started their campaign by losing their opening fixture of the IPL on 9 April against the [[Rajasthan Royals]] and failed to qualify for playoffs finishing seventh in the group stage.<ref name="R1 report">{{cite web|last=Sundar|first=Nitin|title=Botha, Trivedi star as Rajasthan open with a win|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501199|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 September 2018|date=9 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="R14 report"/>

==Player acquisition==
{{main|List of 2011 Indian Premier League personnel changes}}
The Deccan Chargers retained none of the players from the previous season.<ref name="retained"/> They have bought 27 players including 14 players from the auction and still had $1.47million left in their purse in the end out of their allotted $9 million.<ref>{{cite web|last=Engineer|first=Tariq|title=Injured Broad and Mascarenhas out of IPL|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/507654.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 September 2018|date=23 March 2011}}</ref>

'''Players retained''':<ref name="retained">{{cite web|last=Sundar|first=Nitin|title=Ganguly, Dravid shown the door, Kohli stays on|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/490973.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 September 2018|date=8 December 2010}}</ref> None

'''Players released''':<ref name="retained"/> [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]], [[Azhar Bilakhia]], [[Bodapati Sumanth|Sumanth Bodapati]], [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]], [[Herschelle Gibbs]], [[Adam Gilchrist]], [[Ryan Harris (cricketer)|Ryan Harris]], [[Mitchell Marsh]], [[Mohnish Mishra]], [[Pragyan Ojha]], [[Ashish Reddy]], [[Kemar Roach]], [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]], [[Rohit Sharma]], [[Anirudh Singh (cricketer)|Anirudh Singh]], [[Jaskaran Singh (cricketer, born 1989)|Jaskaran Singh]], [[R. P. Singh]], [[Dwayne Smith]], [[Andrew Symonds]], [[Tirumalasetti Suman|Suman Tirumalasetti]], [[V. V. S. Laxman]], [[Chaminda Vaas]], [[Arjun Yadav]], [[Yalaka Venugopal Rao|Venugopal Rao Yalaka]]

'''Players acquired during the auction''':<ref name="auction">{{cite web|title=IPL player list|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/story/495897.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=12 September 2018|date=8 January 2011}}</ref> [[Daniel Christian]], [[Shikhar Dhawan]], [[JP Duminy]], [[Manpreet Gony]], [[Michael Lumb (cricketer)|Michael Lumb]], [[Chris Lynn]], [[Amit Mishra]], [[Pragyan Ojha]], [[Kevin Pietersen]], [[Kumar Sangakkara]], [[Ishant Sharma]], [[Dale Steyn]], [[Rusty Theron]], [[Cameron White]]

'''Uncapped players acquired''': [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]], [[Akash Bhandari]], [[Bharat Chipli]], [[Kedar Devdhar]], [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]], [[Ishank Jaggi]], [[Ishan Malhotra]], [[Anand Rajan]], [[Ashish Reddy]], [[Jaydev Shah]], [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]], [[Sunny Sohal]], [[Arjun Yadav]]

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Indian Premier League / Squads / Deccan Chargers|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/content/squad/495842.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
* '''Year signed''' denotes the season the player first signed for the team
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting style
!Bowling style
!Year signed
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| [[Bharat Chipli]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1983|01|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Shikhar Dhawan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1985|12|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja|Ravi Teja Dwaraka]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1988|09|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2008 ||
|-
| [[Ishank Jaggi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1989|10|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Michael Lumb (cricketer)|Michael Lumb]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1980|02|12|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Chris Lynn]] || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1990|04|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[Kevin Pietersen]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1980|06|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 || Overseas. Ruled out of season due to surgery.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/9415665.stm|title=Cricket World Cup: Kevin Pietersen flying home for op|date=7 March 2011|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/cricket-world-cup/8363328/Cricket-World-Cup-2011-Englands-Kevin-Pietersen-to-undergo-hernia-surgery.html|title=Cricket World Cup 2011: England's Kevin Pietersen to undergo hernia surgery|first=Nick|last=Hoult|date=5 March 2011|website=Telegraph|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>
|-
| [[Jaydev Shah]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1983|05|04|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Sunny Sohal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1987|11|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Cameron White]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1983|08|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 || Overseas and [[Captain (cricket)|Vice-captain]].<ref name="captainwhite" group="nb"/>
|-
| [[Arjun Yadav]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1981|12|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2008 ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| '''[[Daniel Christian]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1983|05|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[JP Duminy]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1984|04|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| [[Ashish Reddy]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1991|02|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2010 ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| [[Kedar Devdhar]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1989|12|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Kumar Sangakkara]]''' || {{cr|SRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1977|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || 2011 || Overseas and [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]].<ref name="new captain"/><ref name="captainwhite" group="nb"/>
|-
! colspan="7" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| [[Harmeet Singh Bansal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1987|10|09|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2009 ||
|-
| [[Akash Bhandari]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1993|06|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Manpreet Gony]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1984|01|04|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Ishan Malhotra]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1984|05|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Amit Mishra]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1982|11|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Pragyan Ojha]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1986|09|05|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2008 ||
|-
| [[Anand Rajan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1987|04|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| [[Ankit Sharma (cricketer)|Ankit Sharma]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1991|04|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left-arm orthodox]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Ishant Sharma]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1988|09|02|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 ||
|-
| '''[[Dale Steyn]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1983|06|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
| '''[[Rusty Theron]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{birth date and age2|2011|04|08|1985|06|24|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium fast]] || 2011 || Overseas.
|-
|}

==Kit manufacturers and sponsors==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Kit Manufacturers
!Shirt Sponsor (Chest)
!Shirt Sponsor (Back)
!Chest Branding
|-
|[[Puma (brand)|Puma]]
|[[UltraTech Cement]]
|[[Deccan Chronicle]]
|[[McDowell's No.1]]
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;"| Source :<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunrisers Hyderabad and their ‘rise to the top’ jerseys|url=https://www.sportswallah.com/cricket/lifestyle/sunrisers-hyderabad-and-their-rise-to-the-top-jerseys|website=Sports Wallah|date=11 April 2017|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=McDowell's No.1 reinforces their association with Deccan Chargers at IPL Season 4|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/mcdowell-s-no-1-reinforces-their-association-with-deccan-chargers-at-ipl-season-4-111040800146_1.html|website=Business Standard|date=8 April 2011|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mitra|first=Amit|title=IPL: UltraTech pitches for Deccan Chargers|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/IPL-UltraTech-pitches-for-Deccan-Chargers/article20117276.ece|website=The Hindu Business Line|date=5 April 2011|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Deccan Chargers Team Jersey and Fanwear Launch|url=http://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/2426/puma-deccan-chargers-team-jersey-fanwear.aspx|website=Ragalahari|date=4 April 2011|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=V. Rishi|title=Puma upbeat on cricket fans taking to ‘replicas'|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/Puma-upbeat-on-cricket-fans-taking-to-lsquoreplicas/article20134855.ece|website=The Hindu Business Line|date=4 April 2011|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>
|}

{{col-2}}
{| border-"0"
|{{Cricket uniform
| pattern_la =
| pattern_b =
| pattern_ra =
| pattern_sh =
| pattern_so =
| leftarm = 3284BF
| body = 3284BF
| rightarm = 3284BF
| pants = 3284BF
| title = T20 uniform
}}
|
|}
{{col-end}}

==Season overview==
{{main|2011 Indian Premier League}}
[[Image:Indian_Premier_League_Deccan_Chargers_vs_Delhi_Daredevils_in_RGIS_Hyderabad_2.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Fans holding blue deccan chargers flags in stadium|Home fans at Hyderabad cheering for the Deccan Chargers during the match against the Delhi Daredevils]]

===Standings===
{{2011 Indian Premier League Points Table|team=DC}}

=== Results by match ===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1= H/ A/ H/ H/ A/ H/ A/ A/ H/ H/ H/ A/ A/ A
|label2= Result
| res2= L/ L/ W/ L/ W/ L/ W/ L/ L/ L/ L/ W/ W/ W

| color_W = green2|text_W=Win
| color_D = yellow2|text_D=Draw
| color_L = red2|text_L=Loss
| text_H = Home|text_A = Away
| source = [[#Fixtures|Fixtures]]
}}

==Fixtures==
{{main|2011 Indian Premier League #Fixtures}}
:''All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])''

===Group stage===
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match2}} 9 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Rajasthan Royals]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 137/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]] 28 (20)
| wickets1 = [[Siddharth Trivedi]] 3/15 (4 overs)
| score2 = 141/2 (18.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Johan Botha (cricketer)|Johan Botha]] 67[[not out|*]] (47)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 2/18 (4 overs)
| result = Rajasthan Royals won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501199.html Scorecard]
| toss = Rajasthan Royals won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Shavir Tarapore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Siddharth Trivedi]] (Rajasthan Royals)
| bg = L
| round = Round 1
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match6}} 11 April | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| score1 = 163/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Jacques Kallis]] 53 (45)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/19 (4 overs)
| score2 = 154/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Bharat Chipli]] 48 (40)
| wickets2 = [[Iqbal Abdullah]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 9 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501203.html Scorecard]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[Shavir Tarapore]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Jacques Kallis]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| bg = L
| round = Round 2
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match11}} 14 April | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 175/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Bharat Chipli]] 61[[not out|*]] (35)
| wickets1 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 3/32 (4 overs)
| score2 = 142/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virat Kohli]] 71 (51)
| wickets2 = [[Dale Steyn]] 3/24 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 33 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501208.html Scorecard]
| toss = Royal Challengers Bangalore won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Dale Steyn]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 3
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match15}} 16 April | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 165/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 45 (36)
| wickets1 = [[Paul Valthaty]] 4/29 (4 overs)
| score2 = 166/2 (17.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Paul Valthaty]] 75 (47)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501212.html Scorecard]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Rudi Koertzen]] (SA) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Paul Valthaty]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| bg = L
| round = Round 4
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match19}} 19 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| score1 = 168/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Sunny Sohal]] 62 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Shahbaz Nadeem]] 1/24 (3 overs)
| score2 = 152/7 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 51 (48)
| wickets2 = [[Harmeet Singh (cricketer born 1987)|Harmeet Singh]] 2/27 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 16 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501216.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Paul Reiffel]] and [[Rod Tucker]] (both Aus)
| motm = [[Sunny Sohal]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 5
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match27}} 24 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 172/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rohit Sharma]] 56[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 2/14 (4 overs)
| score2 = 135/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 34 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Lasith Malinga]] 3/9 (4 overs)
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 37 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501224.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)
| motm = [[Lasith Malinga]] (Mumbai Indians)
| bg = L
| round = Round 6
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match32}} 27 April | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Kochi]]
| score1 = 129/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Kumar Sangakkara]] 65 (47)
| wickets1 = [[Vinay Kumar]] 3/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 74 (16.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 23 (35)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 5/12 (3 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 55 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501229.html Scorecard]
| toss = Kochi Tuskers Kerala won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Tony Hill (umpire)|Tony Hill]] (NZ)
| motm = [[Ishant Sharma]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 7
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match39}} 1 May | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Chennai Super Kings]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]], [[Chennai]]
| score1 = 165/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 59 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Pragyan Ojha]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 146/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunny Sohal]] 56 (30)
| wickets2 = [[Albie Morkel]] 3/38 (4 overs)
| result = Chennai Super Kings won by 19 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501236.html Scorecard]
| toss = Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Aleem Dar]] (Pak) and [[Russell Tiffin]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Albie Morkel]] (Chennai Super Kings)
| bg = L
| round = Round 8
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match42}} 3 May | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 169/4 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Yusuf Pathan]] 47[[not out|*]] (26)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 1/22 (3 overs)
| score2 = 149/6 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 54 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Rajat Bhatia]] 2/26 (4 overs)
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 20 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501239.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Sudhir Asnani]] (Ind) and [[Rod Tucker]] (Aus)
| motm = [[Yusuf Pathan]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| bg = L
| round = Round 9
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match46}} 5 May | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 175/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[JP Duminy]] 55 (31)
| wickets1 = [[Ajit Agarkar]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| score2 = 179/6 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Virender Sehwag]] 119 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/16 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 4 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501243.html Scorecard]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Amiesh Saheba]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Virender Sehwag]] (Delhi Daredevils)
| bg = L
| round = Round 10
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match53}} 10 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Pune Warriors India]] | venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]
| score1 = 136/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwaraka Ravi Teja]] 30 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 4/25 (4 overs)
| score2 = 137/4 (18.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Manish Pandey]] 49 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Daniel Christian]] 2/21 (3 overs)
| result = Pune Warriors India won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501250.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Amiesh Saheba]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Mitchell Marsh]] (Pune Warriors India)
| bg = L
| round = Round 11
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match59}} 14 May | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| score1 = 135/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 27[[not out|*]] (18)
| wickets1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 3/26 (4 overs)
| score2 = 125/8 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 37 (42)
| wickets2 = [[Anand Rajan]] 3/27 (3 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 10 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501256.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to bat.
| umpires = [[Shavir Tarapore]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 12
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match62}} 16 May | daynight = yes | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Pune Warriors India]] | team2 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | venue = [[DY Patil Stadium]], [[Navi Mumbai]]
| score1 = 136/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mitchell Marsh]] 37 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Daniel Christian]] 2/13 (3 overs)
| score2 = 138/4 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sunny Sohal]] 34 (28)
| wickets2 = [[Rahul Sharma (cricketer, born 1986)|Rahul Sharma]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501259.html Scorecard]
| toss = Deccan Chargers won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Shavir Tarapore]] (Ind) and [[S. Ravi (umpire)|S. Ravi]] (both Ind)
| motm = [[Amit Mishra]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 13
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible
| date = {{Anchor|match67}} 21 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Deccan Chargers]] | team2 = [[Kings XI Punjab]]{{sp}}(H) | venue = [[HPCA Stadium]], [[Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh|Dharamsala]]
| score1 = 198/2 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] 95[[not out|*]] (57)
| wickets1 = [[Paul Valthaty]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| score2 = 116 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Adam Gilchrist]] 51 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Amit Mishra]] 4/9 (4 overs)
| result = Deccan Chargers won by 82 runs
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/match/501264.html Scorecard]
| toss = Kings XI Punjab won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[Asad Rauf]] (Pak) and [[Amiesh Saheba]] (Ind)
| motm = [[Shikhar Dhawan]] (Deccan Chargers)
| bg = W
| round = Round 14
}}

==Statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-style="text-align:center;"
!Name
!{{Tooltip | Mat | Matches}}
!Runs
!{{Tooltip | HS | High score}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Batting average}}
!{{Tooltip | SR | Strike rate}}
!{{Tooltip | Wkts | Wickets}}
!{{Tooltip | BBI | Best bowling in an innings}}
!{{Tooltip | Ave | Bowling average}}
!{{Tooltip | Eco | Bowling economy}}
!{{Tooltip | Ct | Catches}}
!{{Tooltip | St | Stumpings}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Shikhar|Dhawan}} ||{{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|400|400}} || {{sort|951|95[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|3333|33.33}} || {{sort|12903|129.03}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|193|1/7}} || {{sort|1100|11.00}} || {{sort|0550|5.50}} || {{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Kumar|Sangakkara}} ||{{sort|13|13}} || {{sort|358|358}} || {{sort|650|65}} || {{sort|2753|27.53}} || {{sort|12218|122.18}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|17|17}} || {{sort|02|2}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ravi Teja|Dwaraka|Dwaraka Ravi Teja}} ||{{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|183|183}} || {{sort|600|60}} || {{sort|2614|26.14}} || {{sort|12708|127.08}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|05|5}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Cameron|White}} ||{{sort|06|6}} || {{sort|104|104}} || {{sort|311|31[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2600|26.00}} || {{sort|09541|95.41}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Bharat|Chipli}} ||{{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|207|207}} || {{sort|611|61[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|2587|25.87}} || {{sort|12176|121.76}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|2000|20.00}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Sunny|Sohal}} ||{{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|249|249}} || {{sort|620|62}} || {{sort|2490|24.90}} || {{sort|13036|130.36}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|JP|Duminy}} ||{{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|205|205}} || {{sort|550|55}} || {{sort|2050|20.50}} || {{sort|11781|117.81}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|197|1/3}} || {{sort|3575|35.75}} || {{sort|0794|7.94}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Daniel|Christian}} ||{{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|190|190}} || {{sort|300|30}} || {{sort|1727|17.27}} || {{sort|11949|119.49}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|287|2/13}} || {{sort|3181|31.81}} || {{sort|0766|7.66}} || {{sort|07|7}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Amit|Mishra}} ||{{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|068|68}} || {{sort|251|25[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|1700|17.00}} || {{sort|13877|138.77}} || {{sort|19|19}} || {{sort|491|4/9}} || {{sort|1884|18.84}} || {{sort|0671|6.71}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ishank|Jaggi}} ||{{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|028|28}} || {{sort|250|25}} || {{sort|1400|14.00}} || {{sort|07567|75.67}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Dale|Steyn}} ||{{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|036|36}} || {{sort|130|13}} || {{sort|0900|9.00}} || {{sort|10285|102.85}} || {{sort|14|14}} || {{sort|384|3/16}} || {{sort|1884|18.84}} || {{sort|0671|6.71}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Manpreet|Gony}} ||{{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|001|0[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|04|4}} || {{sort|369|3/31}} || {{sort|2125|21.25}} || {{sort|0944|9.44}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Michael|Lumb|Michael Lumb (cricketer)}} ||{{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|000|0}} || {{sort|0000|0.00}} || {{sort|00000|0.00}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ishan|Malhotra}} ||{{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|007|7}} || {{sort|071|7[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|17500|175.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|2300|23.00}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Ishant|Sharma}} ||{{sort|12|12}} || {{sort|004|4}} || {{sort|011|1[[not out|*]]}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|08000|80.00}} || {{sort|11|11}} || {{sort|588|5/12}} || {{sort|2854|28.54}} || {{sort|0713|7.13}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Anand|Rajan}} ||{{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|373|3/27}} || {{sort|1666|16.66}} || {{sort|1000|10.00}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Kedar|Devdhar}} ||{{sort|01|1}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|-01|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|01|1}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Harmeet Singh|Bansal}} ||{{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|03|3}} || {{sort|273|2/27}} || {{sort|1766|17.66}} || {{sort|0757|7.57}} || {{sort|00|0}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|{{sortname|Pragyan|Ojha}} ||{{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-001|–}} || {{sort|-0001|–}} || {{sort|-00001|–}} || {{sort|10|10}} || {{sort|374|3/26}} || {{sort|2670|26.70}} || {{sort|0724|7.24}} || {{sort|02|2}} || {{sort|-01|–}}
|-style="text-align:center;"
|}
Source: [http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2011/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=5969;team=4347;type=tournament 2011 IPL Statistics Full Table on ESPNcricinfo]

==Awards and achievements==
===Awards===
;Man of the Match
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! No.
!Date
!Player
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Contribution
!Ref.
|-
| 1 || {{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Dale Steyn]] || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium|Hyderabad]] || Won by 33 runs || 3/24 (4 overs) || <ref name="R3 report">{{cite web|last=Gollapudi|first=Nagraj|title=Deccan charge to maiden home victory|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501208|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=14 April 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || {{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=19|format=dmy}} || [[Sunny Sohal]] || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|Delhi]] || Won by 16 runs || 62 (41) || <ref name="R5 report">{{cite web|last=Ravindran|first=Siddharth|title=Deccan coast to straightforward victory|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501216|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=19 April 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || {{dts|1=2011|2=4|3=27|format=dmy}} || [[Ishant Sharma]] || [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]] || [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Kochi|Kochi]] || Won by 55 runs || 5/12 (3 overs) || <ref name="R7 report">{{cite web|last=Veera|first=Sriram|title=Ishant five-for wrecks Kochi|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501229|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=27 April 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || {{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=14|format=dmy}} || [[Amit Mishra]] || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 10 runs || 18[[not out|*]] (6) & 1/18 (4 overs) || <ref name="R12 report">{{cite web|last=Monga|first=Siddharth|title=Deccan prevail in low-scoring upset|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501256|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=14 May 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || {{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=16|format=dmy}} || Amit Mishra || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[DY Patil Stadium|Navi Mumbai]] || Won by 6 wickets || 2/26 (4 overs) || <ref name="R13 report">{{cite web|last=Purohit|first=Abhishek|title=Deccan end Pune's slim hopes|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501259|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=16 May 2011}}</ref>
|-
| 6 || {{dts|1=2011|2=5|3=21|format=dmy}} || [[Shikhar Dhawan]] || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[HPCA Cricket Stadium|Dharmasala]] || Won By 82 runs || 95[[not out|*]] (57) || <ref name="R14 report">{{cite web|last=Talya|first=Siddharth|title=Dhawan puts Punjab out of contention|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/report/501264|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 September 2018|date=21 May 2011}}</ref>
|}

===Achievements===
* Ishant Sharma took the first-ever [[Five-wicket haul|fifer]] for the [[Deccan Chargers]] in the match against Kochi Tuskers Kerala.<ref name="R7 report"/> This is also the best bowling figures of the [[2011 Indian Premier League]] (2011 IPL).<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Bowling Innings|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2011/best-bowling-innings|publisher=IPLT20|access-date=12 September 2018|date=28 May 2011}}</ref>
* Amit Mishra took the [[Hat-trick#Cricket|hat-trick]] for the Deccan Chargers in the match against Kings XI Punjab.<ref name="R14 report"/> This is also the only hat-trick recorded in the 2011 IPL.<ref>{{cite web|title=Most Hat Tricks|url=https://www.iplt20.com/stats/2011/most-hat-tricks|publisher=IPLT20|access-date=12 September 2018|date=28 May 2011}}</ref>

==Notes==

===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=nb}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Deccan Chargers}}

[[Category:2011 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Deccan Chargers seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket in Hyderabad, India]]

Sameer Sharma

2025-09-17T03:24:47Z

Curi Hospital: Done...

{{short description|Indian television actor (1976–2020)}}
{{for|the director|Sameer Sharma (director)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sameer Sharma
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1976|05|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_date = {{death_date and age|2020|08|04|1976|05|03|df=yes}}
| death_place = Malad West, [[Mumbai]], India
| occupation = Television actor
| years_active = 2004–2020
| alma_mater =
}}

'''Sameer Sharma''' (3 May 1976 – 4 August 2020) was an Indian television actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Shaurya Maheshwari in ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]],'' Brij in ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]'', Nitin in ''Dil Kya Chahta Hai'' and Krishna Agarwal in ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''.<ref name="Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii actor Sameer Sharma">{{cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii actor Sameer Sharma's death: Bollywood actors Varun Dhawan, Sidharth Malhotra and many other celebs express shock |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/kahaani-ghar-ghar-kii-actor-sameer-sharmas-death-bollywood-actor-varun-dhawan-and-many-other-celebs-express-shock/articleshow/77389924.cms |work=[[The Times of India|ETimes]] |accessdate=20 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="TimesNow"/>

==Early life==
Sharma hailed from [[Delhi]], and moved to [[Bangalore]] after completing his education. He worked for an advertising agency, an [[Information technology|IT]] company and for [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] in Bangalore.

==Career==
Sharma moved to [[Mumbai]] to pursue his career in acting. He made his television debut with [[STAR One]]'s ''Dil Kya Chahta Hai'' portraying Nitin, following which, he played Krishna Agarwal in ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki]]''.<ref name="Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii actor Sameer Sharma"/>

On SAB TV, he played Captain Naveen Singh Ahluwalia in ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]'' and Mannat (Mannu) in ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]]''. He also portrayed a hockey coach and an aggressive lover in the ''Veeranwali'' serial on [[9X (TV channel)|9X]].<ref>Ferrao, Glacxy (16 July 2008). [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Sameer-lashes-out-at-Vikram/articleshow/3236814.cms "Sameer lashes out at Vikram"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

Later, Sharma played a negative role as Brij Bhushan Shastri in [[NDTV Imagine]]'s Jyoti. He also landed the lead role opposite Reena Kapoor in Sahara One's longest running show and [[Rajshri Productions]] show, ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]'' as Rishabh Johri.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

He also appeared in the television show ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]''

Sharma has also played a supporting role in the 2014 [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title='Hasee Toh Phasee' actor Sameer Sharma ends life at his Malad home, Sidharth Malhotra expresses grief, "Really sad and unfortunate" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/hasee-toh-phasee-actor-sameer-sharma-ends-life-at-his-malad-home-sidharth-malhotra-expresses-grief-really-sad-and-unfortunate/articleshow/77389072.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He played the role of Shaurya Maheshwari in ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newschatpati.in/2019/03/sameer-sharma-as-shaurya-in-yeh-rishtey.html?m=1|title=Sameer Sharma as Shaurya in Yeh Rishtey}}{{dead link|date=August 2020}}</ref>

Apart from acting, Sharma had been a part of several ad campaigns and modeling assignments.

==Death==
Sharma was found dead at the age of 44 at his residence in Malad West, [[Mumbai]] on the night of 5 August 2020. The police said on 6 August, "Looking at body's condition, it's suspected that he died by hanging two days back".<ref name="TimesNow">{{cite news |last1=Mehta |first1=Kriti |title=Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki actor Sameer Sharma found hanging at Mumbai home, 'suspected to have died 2 days ago' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/tv-actor-sameer-sharma-found-hanging-in-mumbai-suspected-to-have-died-2-days-ago/632784 |work=Times Now |date=6 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> His body was found hanging from his kitchen<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title=TV actor Sameer Sharma found dead at Mumbai home, suicide suspected|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/tv-actor-sameer-sharma-dies-by-suicide-at-mumbai-home/story-4Sz2Ot8Xr6Q7k6R7RZsJsL.html|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> by a security guard.<ref>{{Cite web|last=IANS|title=Popular Indian actor Sameer Sharma found hanging from kitchen ceiling|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/citytimes/bollywood/popular-indian-actor-sameer-sharma-found-hanging-from-kitchen-ceiling|access-date=2020-08-06|website=Khaleej Times|language=en}}</ref> No suicide note was found.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-08-06|title=Sameer Sharma found dead hanging himself from kitchen ceiling|url=https://emeatribune.uk/sameer-sharma-found-dead-hanging-himself-from-kitchen-ceiling/|access-date=2020-08-06|website=EMEA Tribune|language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:65%;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Hasee Toh Phasee]]''
| Nitin Bhardwaj
| Debut [[Bollywood]] film
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Ittefaq (2017 film)|Ittefaq]]''
| Shekhar Sinha
|
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| 2005-2006
| ''[[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]]''
| Krishna Agarwal
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii actor Sameer Sharma" />
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]''
| Tushar Mehta
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Ssshhhh...Koi Hai|Sssshhh Phir Koi Hai]]''
| Episodic Role in "TattooMan" and "Senapati"
|
|-
| 2005–2007
| ''Dil Kya Chahta Hai''
| Nitin Pasricha
|
|-
| 2007–2007
| ''[[Four (TV series)|Four]]''
| Mannat
|
|-
| 2006–2008
| ''[[Left Right Left (TV series)|Left Right Left]]''
| Naveen Singh Ahluwalia
|
|-
| 2008–2009
| ''[[Veeranwali]]''
| Kunal/Parmeet
|
|-
| 2009–2010
| ''[[Jyoti (TV series)|Jyoti]]''
| Brij
|
|-
| 2010–2011
| ''[[Woh Rehne Waali Mehlon Ki]]''
| Rishabh Johri
|
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]''
| Dev Singh Khurana
|
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''2612''
| Shantanu Sardesai
|
|-
| 2013–2015
| ''[[Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Ek Baar Phir]]''
| Varad Agnihotri
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Bhootu]]''
| Subodh Bose
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Ayushman Bhava (TV series)|Ayushman Bhava]]''
| Kartik
|
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke]]''
| Shaurya Maheshwari (Final Appearance)
| <ref name=":0" />
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Ref.
|-
| 2016
| ''[[A.I.SHA My Virtual Girlfriend]]''
| ACP Adil Sheikh
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3237637}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Sameer}}
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Delhi]]
[[Category:2020 suicides]]
[[Category:Suicides by hanging in India]]
[[Category:Artists who died by suicide]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Saraidhela

2025-09-13T04:06:56Z

Curi Hospital: reworked formatting further and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saraidhela
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Dhanbad
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.81|N|86.46|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhanbad district|Dhanbad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 24183
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = JH
| website = {{URL|dhanbad.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saraidhela''' is a [[neighbourhood]] in [[Dhanbad]] in [[Dhanbad Sadar subdivision]] of [[Dhanbad district]] in [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Saraidhela had a population of 24,183. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Saraidhela has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 72%. In Saraidhela, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=330| height=220| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the central portion of Dhanbad Sadar subdivision in Dhanbad district''' MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: Census Town, N: Neighbourhood, R: Rural/ Urban centre, F: Facility Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|46|48|N|86|19|12|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Sijua | numbered1=N| mark-title1=[[Sijua]] (N)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|46|45|N|86|21|10|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Loyabad | numbered2=N| mark-title2= [[Loyabad]] (N)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|45|53|N|86|24|53|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Bhagatdih | numbered3=N| mark-title3=[[Bhagatdih]] (N)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|47|25|N|86|22|31|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4= Basaria | numbered4=N| mark-title4= [[Basaria]] (N)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|49|0|N|86|23|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Bhuli | numbered5=N| mark-title5= [[Bhuli, India]] (N)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|48|15|N|86|20|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Chandaur | numbered6=N| mark-title6= [[Chandaur]] (N)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|22|13|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Chhatatanr | numbered7=N| mark-title7= [[Chhatatanr]] (N)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|46|30|N|86|24|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Dhaunsar | numbered8=N| mark-title8= [[Dhaunsar]] (N)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|23|42|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Godhar | numbered9=N| mark-title9= [[Godhar]] (N)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|47|20|N|86|19|44|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Jogta | numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Jogta]] (N)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|48|36|N|86|20|24|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Tetulmari | numbered11=N| mark-title11= [[Tetulmari]] (N)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|48|28|N|86|24|8|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Wasseypur | numbered12=N| mark-title12= [[Wasseypur]] (N)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|49|15|N|86|27|50|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Saraidhela| numbered13=N| mark-title13= Saraidhela (N)|shape-color13=black| label-size13=13|label-color13=black 
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|45|5|N|86|25|13|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14=Jharia | numbered14=N| mark-title14= [[Jharia]] (N)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|44|41|N|86|24|10|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Jharia Khas| numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[Jharia Khas]] (N)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|45|47|N|86|28|23|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Belgaria | numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Belgaria]] (R)| shape-14 =#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|48|0|N|86|25|50|E}} | label-pos17=right|label-color17=#800000| label17= Dhanbad | numbered17=MC| mark-title17=[[Dhanbad]] (MC)|shape-color17=#800000
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|45|30|N|86|24|42|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18=BCCL Bastacola Area |numbered18=0 | mark-title18=[[Bastacola Area]] (A)| label-size18=12| shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|46|55|N|86|23|30|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19=BCCL Kusunda Area |numbered19=0 | mark-title19=[[Kusunda Area]] (A)| label-size19=12| shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|52|N|86|19|53|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=BCCL Sijua Area |numbered20=0 | mark-title20=[[Sijua Area]] (A)| label-size20=12| shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|48|48|N|86|26|31|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= IIT (ISM) Dhanbad| numbered21=F||mark-title21= [[Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad|IIT (ISM) Dhanbad]] (F) |shape-color21=#967117
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|49|25|N|86|25|35|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= CIMFR – CSiR| numbered22=F| mark-title22= [[Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research]] (F) |shape-color22=#967117
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|49|50|N|86|26|40|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= BBMK University| numbered23=F| mark-title23= [[Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University]] (F) |shape-color23=#967117
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.7137|86.3475}}| label24=Damodar River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none}}

===Location===
Saraidhela is located at {{coord|23.81|N|86.46|E|display=inline}}.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

The former [[census town]] was combined with other urban units to form [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | publisher = DMC | accessdate = 15 October 2017 | archive-date = 15 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150926/http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | title = Dhanbad District Map | work = Physical Map of Dhanbad | publisher = Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 15 October 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171005161335/http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | archivedate = 5 October 2017 }}</ref>

Saraidhela is part of Ward No. 39 of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | work = प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों की सूची (in Hindi) | publisher = Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 19 October 2017 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171028073630/http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | archivedate = 28 October 2017 }}</ref>

===Overview===
The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating [[Highland|uplands]] bustling with coalmines in the lowest rung of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The entire area shown in the map is under [[Dhanbad Municipal Corporation]], except [[Belgaria]] which is under [[Baliapur (community development block)]]. The places in the DMC area are marked as [[neighbourhoods]]. The DMC area shown in the map is around the core area of [[Dhanbad]] city. Another major area of DMC is shown in the map of the southern portion of the district. A small stretch of DMC, extending up to [[Katras]] is shown in the map of the western portion. The region is fully urbanised. [[Jharia (community development block)]] has been merged into DMC. Three operational areas of [[Bharat Coking Coal|BCCL]] operate fully within the region – [[Sijua Area]], [[Kusunda Area]] and [[Bastacola Area]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2009_PART_A_DCHB_DHANBAD.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Dhanbad | work = Series 21, Part XIIA, pages 4-5, 5-6, 8 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | accessdate = 4 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 8 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| title = Area| publisher = Bharat Coking Coal Limited| accessdate = 2 July 2019| archive-date = 26 July 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726160730/http://www.bcclweb.in/?page_id=22623| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | publisher = DMC | accessdate = 15 October 2017 | archive-date = 15 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171015150926/http://166.62.42.155/dmc/citizen/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | title = Dhanbad Dsitrict Map | work = Physical Map of Dhanbad | publisher = Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 15 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171005161335/http://dhanbad.nic.in/maps.html | archive-date = 5 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | title = Dhanbad Municipal Corporation | work = प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों की सूची (in Hindi) | publisher = Jharkhand Government | accessdate = 19 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171028073630/http://dhanbad.nic.in/dhanbad_dmc.html | archive-date = 28 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Police station===
There is a police station at Saraidhela.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/dhanbad | title = Jharkhand Police | work = Contact Numbers | publisher = JP | accessdate = 17 June 2019 | archive-date = 16 June 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190616231704/https://jhpolice.gov.in/dhanbad | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.dhanbad.nic.in/Admins/structure.html| title = Dhanbad – Welcome to the Coal Capital of India| work = Administrative Structure of Dhanbad District – List of Thana and Outpost of Dhanbad Outpost| publisher = Jharkhand Government| accessdate = 17 June 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095316/http://www.dhanbad.nic.in/Admins/structure.html| archive-date = 2017-10-24| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Transport==
[[National Highway 18 (India)|NH 18]] passes through Saraidhela.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Dhanbad District}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Dhanbad]]

Bathinda College of Law

2025-08-16T03:36:16Z

Curi Hospital: Adding New Entry

{{short description|Law college in Punjab, India}}
'''Bathinda College of Law''', or commonly known as '''BCL''', is a private [[law school]] situated beside Badal Road in [[Bathinda]], [[Bathinda district]] in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.icbse.com/colleges/bathinda-college-of-law-bathinda-w58zo7|title=Bathinda College of Law, Bathinda, Bathinda - Address, Reviews, Admissions and Fees 2019|website=iCBSE|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-08}}</ref> It offers undergraduate three years law course and five year Integrated B.A. [[LL.B]]. which is approved by [[Bar Council of India]] (BCI), [[New Delhi]] and affiliated to [[Punjabi University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.highereducationinindia.com/institutes/bathinda-college-of-law-6212.php|title=Bathinda College of Law Bhatinda - Bathinda College of Law Bhatinda Punjab|website=www.highereducationinindia.com|access-date=2019-09-08}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==History==
Bathinda College of Law was established in 2008 by the Bathinda Educational and Environmental Care Society.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bathindalawcollege.com/about.php|title=Bathinda College of Law|website=www.bathindalawcollege.com|access-date=2019-09-08|archive-date=2019-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915035222/http://bathindalawcollege.com/about.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}
{{Universities and colleges in Punjab, India}}
[[Category:Law schools in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Punjab, India]]

{{PunjabIN-university-stub}}
{{law-school-stub}}

Soraon Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:41:13Z

Curi Hospital: Stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Soraon
| map_image = 255-Soraon.svg
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Prayagraj district|Prayagraj]]
| reservation = SC
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 255
| mla = [[Geeta Shastri]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| electors = 3,65,758 (2017)
}}

'''Soraon''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Soraon in the [[Prayagraj district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

Soraon is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 255 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]<ref name="election2012">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3262-uttar-pradesh-2012/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=20 April 2023}}</ref>
|[[Satyaveer Munna]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Jamuna Prasad]]<ref name="results2017"/>
|{{Full party name with color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Geeta Shastri]]<ref name="results2022"/>
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
[[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Geeta Shastri]] won defeating [[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate Jamuna Prasad Saroj by a margin of 5,914 votes<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |title=Geeta Shastri (pasi)-गीता शास्त्री (पासी) Sp Candidate Soraon (sc) Election Result 2022 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/election/vidhan-sabha-elections/uttar-pradesh/candidates/geeta-shastri-(pasi)-sp-2022-soraon-243-uttar-pradesh |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Soraon<ref name="results2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Geeta Shastri]]
|votes = {{formatnum:91474}}
|percentage = 40.99
|change = +15.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = Jamuna Prasad Saroj
|votes = {{formatnum:85884}}
|percentage = 38.48
|change = +1.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Anand Bharti
|votes = {{formatnum:29250}}
|percentage = 13.11
|change = -15.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Sita Ram
|votes = {{formatnum:5128}}
|percentage = 2.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Manoj Kumar Pasi
|votes = {{formatnum:2027}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change = +0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1712}}
|percentage = 0.77
|change = -0.4
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5590}}
|percentage = 2.51
|change = -5.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:223169}}
|percentage = 58.68
|change = +0.53
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Apna Dal (Sonelal)]] candidate Jamuna Prasad won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] candidate Geeta Devi by a margin of 17,735 votes.
In 2012 [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate [[Satyaveer Munna]] won the Soraon Vidhan Sabha seat.<ref name="results2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Sorao<ref name="results2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Apna Dal (Sonelal)
|candidate = Dr.Jamuna Prasad Saroj
|votes = {{formatnum:77814}}
|percentage = 36.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Geeta Pasi
|votes = {{formatnum:60079}}
|percentage = 28.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Satyaveer Munna
|votes = {{formatnum:54345}}
|percentage = 25.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Surendra Chaudhari
|votes = {{formatnum:6522}}
|percentage = 3.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ajay Pasi
|votes = {{formatnum:2907}}
|percentage = 1.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2460}}
|percentage = 1.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:17735}}
|percentage = 8.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:212679}}
|percentage = 58.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.61|81.85|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Prayagraj district]]

Malayadhvaja Pandya

2025-07-21T02:03:18Z

Curi Hospital: Made first stub v1 - done

{{Short description|Legendary Pandya King of Madurai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Malayadhvaja Pandya
| title = [[Maharaja]] of [[Madurai]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Statue of Malayadhwaja Pandya
| succession = [[Pandya dynasty|King of Madurai & Korkai and Emperor of Pandyan dynasty]]
| reign = 1200 BCE
| predecessor = Kulashekara Pandya
| successor = [[Meenakshi]]
| father = Kulashekara Pandya
| birth_place = [[Madurai]], [[Pandya Nadu]]
| dynasty = [[Pandyan dynasty|Pandya]]
| spouse = [[Kanchanamalai]]
| issue = [[Meenakshi]]
}}
{{Pandyan}}

'''Malayadhvaja Pandya''' ({{Langx|ta|மலயத்வஜ பாண்டியன்|translit=Malayadhvaja Pāṇḍyan}}), also known as '''Sharangadhvaja Pandya''', is a legendary<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pottamkulam |first=George Abraham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4kkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT212 |title=Tamilnadu A Journey in Time Part II: People, Places and Potpourri |date=2021-03-17 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-63806-520-3 |pages=212 |language=en}}</ref> king of [[Madurai]] and ruler of the [[Pandya empire|Pandya Empire]]. He is mentioned in the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. His queen consort is [[Kanchanamalai]]. He is the father of the goddess and queen of [[Madurai]], [[Meenakshi]].

== Legend ==
According to a legend found in the Tamil text ''[[Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam|Tiruvilaiyadal Puranam]]'', the childless Malayadhvaja Pandya and his wife perform ninety-nine [[ashvamedha]] [[yajna]]s to propitiate the gods, seeking a son for the succession.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harman |first=William P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_siW9T3ev4C&pg=PA113 |title=The Sacred Marriage of a Hindu Goddess |date=1992 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0810-2 |pages=113 |language=en}}</ref> However, a three-year-old girl emerged from the yajna fire, bearing three breasts, upon the lap of the queen. A heavenly voice stated that the royal couple should treat her like a son, and that she would lose the third middle breast when she met her future husband.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dimitrova |first1=Diana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2JgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT131 |title=Divinizing in South Asian Traditions |last2=Oranskaia |first2=Tatiana |date=2018-06-14 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-12360-0 |pages=131 |language=en}}</ref> The girl is named Taḍātakai, and subsequently raised as Malayadhvaja Pandya's male heir, trained in archery and horseriding. The king names her as his successor before his death. She is renamed Meenakshi by Sage [[Agastya]] during her ascension of the throne. She has her minister, named Sumati, to assemble a large army, and conquers the realms of neighbouring kingdoms, hoping to come across her destined husband. After defeating Indra, she marshals her forces against Kailasha, the abode of Shiva. Upon meeting the deity, Meenakshi's third breast fell, and she recognised him as her groom. Returning to Madurai, Meenakshi married Shiva, who adopted the title of Sundara Pandya, with [[Vishnu]] offering her hand in marriage.{{sfn|Harman| 1992| p= 44-47}}{{sfn|Brockman| 2011| pp= 326–327}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Abram |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC&pg=PA503 |title=South India |last2=Guides (Firm) |first2=Rough |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-103-6 |pages=503 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Mahabharata ===
King Malayadhvaja appears in the ''Mahabharata''. His father, Kulashekara Pandya, is portrayed as slain by Krishna and his country invaded. To avenge his father's death, Prince Malayadhvaja obtains weapons from [[Bhishma]], [[Drona]], [[Balarama]], and [[Kripa]]. In valour, Prince Malayadhvaja is said to be mighty warrior whose valor is nothing lesser than [[Bhishma]], [[Drona]] and [[Karna]]. He then desired to destroy the city of [[Dvārakā|Dvaraka]], Krishna's capital, and to subjugate the whole world. Sage [[Agastya]] and [[Varuna]], however, counselled him against that decision and granted him his father's kingdom and made him king. He was present during the [[Swayamvara|svayamvara]] of [[Draupadi]] and brought jars of [[sandalwood]] and [[agarwood]] perfumes and jars of gold for [[Yudhishthira]]'s rajasuya. During the [[Kurukshetra War]], he sided with the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] and is mentioned as a powerful charioteer and warrior. On 16th Day, when [[Ashwatthama]] was about to kill [[Arjuna]], Malayadhvaja Pandya defends Arjuna and engaged in a combat with Ashwatthama. After the fierce battle, Malayadhvaja Pandya was killed by Ashwatthama and people hailed Malayadhvaja Pandya's brave death.

=== Bhagavata Purana ===
Malayadhvaja Pandya is described to be a sage-king and a "conqueror of cities" in the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''. He takes Vaidarbhi, the daughter of the king of [[Vidarbha]], as his wife, and performs austerities seeking to propitiate Krishna upon the Kulachala mountains. After a century of such practices, he is described to have gained divine wisdom from Vishnu himself and renounced the world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryant |first=Edwin F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2c-_DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT274 |title=Bhakti Yoga: Tales and Teachings from the Bhagavata Purana |date=2017-07-11 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=978-0-374-71439-0 |pages=274 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
* {{cite book |last=Brockman |first=Norbert C. |title=Encyclopedia of Sacred Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkSk4euA-TEC |year=2011 |location=California |publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC |isbn=978-1-59884-655-3}}

{{Pandya dynasty}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pandyan Empire]]
[[Category:People from Madurai]]
[[Category:Pandyan kings]]

List of gates in India

2025-06-28T18:57:14Z

Curi Hospital: formatting fix

{{Short description|none}}

'''List of gates in India'''

== West Bengal ==
* [[Kotwali Gate]]
* [[Dakhil Darwaza]]
* [[Lukochuri Darwaza]]
* [[Gumti Darwaza]]

==Assam==
*[[Northbrook Gate]]

==Bihar==
*[[Sabhyata Dwar]]

==Delhi==
*[[Ajmeri Gate]]
*[[Alai Darwaza]]
*[[Gates of Delhi|Bahadur Shahi Gate]]
*[[Delhi Gate (Delhi)|Delhi Gate]]
*[[Delhi Gate (Red Fort)]]
* Entrance to [[Humayun's Tomb]]
* Entrance to [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]]
* Entrance of the Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq at [[Tughlaqabad Fort]]
*Gateway into Arab Sarai, near Humayun's Tomb Complex
*[[India Gate]]
* Jamali Kamali Entrance, [[Mehrauli]]
*[[Gates of Delhi|Kabuli Gate]]
*[[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate]]
*[[Khooni Darwaza]]
*[[Lahori Gate (Red Fort)]]
*[[Lal Darwaza]]
* Main Gate to [[Tomb of Safdarjung]]
*[[Gates of Delhi|Nigambodh Gate]]
*[[Tripolia Gates]]
*[[Turkman Gate]]
* Water Gate of [[Red Fort]]
*Zafar Gate of [[Zafar Mahal (Mehrauli)|Zafar Mahal]], [[Mehrauli]]

==Goa==
*[[Rachol Fort|Gate of Rachol Fortress]]
*[[Saint Paul's College, Goa|Gate of Saint Paul's College]]

==Gujarat==
* Akshardwar, Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, [[Bhavnagar]]
* [[Gates of Ahmedabad]]
* Sayajirao Palace Gate, [[Vadodara]]
* Vadodari Gate, [[Dabhoi]]
* Tan Darvajaa (Three Gates), [[Dhoraji]]
* [[Teen Darwaza]], [[Bhadra Fort]], [[Ahmedabad]]
* Ray Gate, [[Junagadh]]
* Majhevdi Gate, [[Junagadh]].

==Karnataka==
*Bidar Fort Gate, [[Bidar]]
*[[Daria Daulat Bagh]] Gate, [[Srirangapatna]]
*Vittala Temple Gate, [[Hampi]]

==Madhya Pradesh==
*Sanchi Gateways ([[Torana|Toranas]]), [[Sanchi]]
*Bhopal Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Jumerati Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Sadar Darwaza, [[Bhopal]]
*Bagh Farhat Afza Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Bab-E-Sikandari, [[Bhopal]]
*Bab-E-Ali Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Shaukat Mahal Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Teen Mohere Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Dakhil Darwaza, [[Bhopal]]
*Kala Darwaza, [[Bhopal]]
*Lal Darwaza, [[Bhopal]]
*Sultania Infantry Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*Imami Gate, [[Bhopal]]
*[[Taj-ul-Masajid|Taj-ul-Masjid Gate]], [[Bhopal]]
*[[Moti Masjid, Bhopal|Moti Masjid Gateway]], [[Bhopal]]
*Moti Mahal Darwaza 1 and 2, [[Bhopal]]
*[[Jam Gate]], [[Maheshwar]]
*Sitamau Fort Gate, [[Sitamau]]
*Delhi Darwaza (the main entrance), [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandavgad]]
*Alamgir Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Gadi Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Bhangi Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Ram Pol Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Bhagwania Gate, Bhagwanpur, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Tarapur Gate, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Kamani / Kabaani Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Tripoltya Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Tarapur Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Jahangirpur Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Lohani Darwaza, [[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
*Hathi Pol (or Hathiya Paur, main entrance), [[Gwalior Fort]]
*Badalgarh Gate, [[Gwalior Fort]]
*Gate of Teli Mandir, [[Gwalior]]
*Urvahi Gate, [[Gwalior Fort]]
*[[Jahangir Mahal, Orchha|Jahangir Mahal Gate]], [[Orchha]]
*[[Pravin Rai Mahal]] Gate, [[Orchha]]
*[[Orchha Fort complex|Orchha Fort Gate]], [[Orchha]]
*Ratlami Gate, [[Jaora]]
*Khooni Darwaza, [[Chanderi fort]]

==Maharashtra==
{{main|Gates in Aurangabad}}
*Bhadkal Gate, [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
*Delhi Gate, Aurangabad
* Entrance to [[Bibi Ka Maqbara]], Aurangabad
*[[Gateway of aurangabad]], [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|aurangabad]]
*Kaala Gate, [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
*Mahmood Gate, Aurangabad
*Makai Gate, Aurangabad
*Mecca Gate, Aurangabad
*Paithan Gate, Aurangabad
*Rangeen Gate, Aurangabad
*Roshan Gate, Aurangabad
*Katkat Gate, Aurangabad
*Barapulla Gate, Aurangabad
*Naubat Gate, Aurangabad
*Khaas Gate, Aurangabad
*Jaffar Gate, Aurangabad
*Begum Gate, Aurangabad
*Chota Bhadkal Gate, Aurangabad
*Hathi Gate, Aurangabad
*Khooni Gate, Aurangabad
*Mir Adil Gate, Aurangabad
*Buland Gate, Aurangabad

==Punjab==
*[[Nurmahal]] Sarai Mughal Gateway

==Rajasthan==
*Chandpole, Chanpori Gate, Surajpole, Ajmeri gate, New gate, Sanganeri gate, Ghat gate, Samrat gate, Zorawar Singh Gate at [[Jaipur]]
*Ganesh Pol, Suraj Pol, Tripolia gate, Lion gate at [[Amer Fort]], [[Jaipur]]
*Hanuman Pol at [[Kumbhalgarh]], [[Rajsamand District]]
*Jayapol, Fattehpol, Dedh Kamgra Pol and Loha Pol at [[Mehrangarh Fort]] in [[Jodhpur]]
*Karan Pol, Suraj Pol, Daulat Pol, Chand Pol and Fateh Pol at [[Junagarh Fort]], [[Bikaner]]
*Ram Pol, Padan Pol, Bhairon Pol, Hanuman Pol, Ganesh Pol, Jodla Pol, Laxman Pol at [[Chittor Fort]]

==Telangana==
*Chowmahalla Palace gate tower, [[Hyderabad]]
*[[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]] or [[Warangal Gate]]

==Uttar Pradesh==
*[[Babe Syed Gate]], [[Aligarh Muslim University]], [[Aligarh]]
*[[Amar Singh Gate]], [[Agra]]
*[[Buland Darwaza]], [[Fatehpur Sikri]]
* Entrance Gate to [[Jama Masjid, Agra]]
* Entrance Gate to [[Tomb of Akbar the Great]], Agra
* Entrance Gate to [[Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah]], Agra
* Entrance to [[Bahu Begum ka Maqbara]], [[Faizabad]]
*Gateway to [[Bara Imambara]], [[Lucknow]]
*Gateway to [[Gulab Bari]], [[Faizabad]]
* Great gate (Darwaza-i rauza) [[Taj Mahal]], Agra
*Laal Darwaza, Ramnagar Fort, [[Varanasi]]
*[[Rumi Darwaza]], [[Lucknow]]
*Shahji Temple Gate, [[Vrindavan]]
Ekdara Faizabad

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="250px" height="150px" perrow="3" align="center">
Image:India Gate in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|India Gate, Delhi
Image:Mumbai 03-2016 31 Gateway of India.jpg|Gateway of India, Mumbai
Image:Fatehpur Sikri near Agra 2016-03 img09.jpg|Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri
Image:Taj 12.jpg|Great gate (Darwaza-i Rauza), the main entrance to Taj Mahal, Agra
Image:Red Fort in Delhi 03-2016 img3.jpg|[[Red Fort]] Entry Gate, Delhi
Image:Nurmahal Sarai Mughal Heritage Punjab India.JPG|Nurmahal Sarai Gateway, Punjab
Image:Zafar Mahal, Mehrauli.jpg|Zafar Gate, Mehrauli, Delhi
Image:Entrance to Taj-ul Masajid.JPG|Entrance Gate of Taj-ul-Masajid, Bhopal
Image:Gateway into Arab Sarai, near Humayun's tomb complex, Delhi.jpg|Gateway into Arab Sarai, near Humayun's tomb complex, Delhi
Image:Main Gateway To Safdurjang Tomb.jpg|Main Gateway to Safdurjang Tomb, Delhi
Image:Civilisation Gate...jpg|Sabhyata Gate, Patna
Image:Amer Fort Entrance.jpg|Ganesh Pol Entrance, Amer Fort, Jaipur
Image:Fuerte Rojo-Delhi-India22.JPG|Lahori Gate, the main entrance to the Red Fort, Delhi
Image:Details of Entrance portal into Humayuns Tomb, Delhi.jpg|Entrance to Humayuns Tomb, Delhi
Image:Alai Darwaza, an ancient view.jpg|Alai Darwaza, Delhi
Image:View of Ajmeri gate.JPG|Ajmeri Gate, Delhi
Image:Junagarth Fort, Bikaner.jpg|Entrance Eastern Façade of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner
Image:Makai gate.jpg|Makai Gate, Aurangabad
Image:Ram Pol.jpg|The massive gate of Kumbhalgarh fort, called the Ram Pol
Image:Itmad-ud-Daula 29.JPG|Entrance Gate from Interior Itmad-ud-Daula, Agra
Image:Second gate of faizabad tomb.jpg|Gate to Gulab Bari, Faizabad
Image:Array of chhatris over the entrance of Akbar's Tomb, Sikandra.jpg|Entrance of Akbar's Tomb, Agra
Image:JMasjid 01.jpg|Jama Masjid Gate, Delhi
Image:Main entrance from inside, Jama Masjid, Delhi.jpg|Jama Masjid Gate Inside, Delhi
Image:Entrance archway leading to enclosure near Jamali Kamali.jpg|Jamali Kamali Entrance, Mehrauli, Delhi
Image:Entrance to Bibi-Ka-Maqbara.JPG|Entrance to Bibi-Ka-Maqbara, Aurangabad
Image:India1 526.jpg|Ratlami Gate, Jaora
Image:Alamgir darwaza.jpg|Alamgir Darwaza, Mandu
Image:Gadi darwaja front.jpg|Gadi Darwaza, Mandu
Image:Sanchi Stupa - East Toran.jpg|East Toran, Sanchi
Image:North Gateway - Rear Side - Stupa 1 - Sanchi Hill 2013-02-21 4480-4481.JPG|North Toran, Sanchi
Image:Shahji Temple Vrindavan, Main gate.JPG|Shahji Temple Gate, Vrindavan
Image:Shri Swaminarayan Mandir gate.jpg|Akshardwar, Bhavnagar
Image:Baroda-Palace-Gates-2.jpg|Sayajirao Palace Gate, Vadodara
Image:Dhoraji-2.JPG|Teen Darwaza, Dhoraji
Image:Meenakshiamman Temple Tower.JPG|Gopuram, Meenakshiamman Temple
Image:Entrance view.jpg|Gopuram, Sri Veera Vijaya Anjaneya Swami Temple, Paradarami

Image:Tirumalper10.jpg|Gopuram, Thirumarperu, Tirumalpur
Image:Gumbaz Darwaza of the Bidar fort.jpg|Gateway to Bidar fort
Image:Daria-daulat-bagh-2.jpg|Daria Daulat Bagh Gate, Srirangapatna
Image:Vittala Temple 06.jpg|Vittala Temple Gate, Hampi
Image:Laldaruaza (Ramnagar) -Benares-..jpg|Laal Darwaza, [[Ramnagar Fort]], [[Varanasi]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Fort and Gates of Ahmedabad]]
* [[Gates in Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]
* [[Gates of Delhi]]

[[Category:Lists of gates in India| ]]

Kishori Shakti Yojana

2025-06-20T22:39:46Z

Curi Hospital: Creating new pg!

{{Short description|Indian scheme on empowering adolescent women}}
{{Infobox project
| state = [[Odisha]]
| chiefminister = Naveen Patnaik
| ministry = Women and child development, Odisha<ref name="kiso" />
| launched = 31 Aug 2007
}}
'''Kishori Shakti Yojana''' ({{lit|Adolescent Girl Empowerment Scheme}}) is a scheme initiated by [[Ministry of Women and Child Development]] in India, implemented by the [[Government of Odisha]] for juvenile girls aged 11 to 18 under the [[Integrated Child Development Services]] (ICDS) government programme.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wecd.uk.gov.in/files/Kishori_Shakti_Yojana.pdf |title=Kishori Shakti Yojana |website=wecd.uk.gov.in |publisher=Women Empowerment & Child Development, [[Government of Uttarakhand]] |location=[[Uttarakhand]], India |language=en |access-date=2018-12-21 |archive-date=2018-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221140607/http://wecd.uk.gov.in/files/Kishori_Shakti_Yojana.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="kiso">{{Cite web |url=http://wcdodisha.gov.in/content/2/51 |title=Kishori Shakti Yojana |website=wcdodisha.gov.in |publisher=Department of Women & Child Development and Mission Shakti, [[Government of Odisha]] |location=[[Odisha]] |language=en |access-date=2018-12-21 |archive-date=2018-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230835/http://wcdodisha.gov.in/content/2/51 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its goal is to empower adolescent girls, to motivate them to be self-reliant, assist them in studies and vocation, promote health care, and give them exposure to society for gaining knowledge so that they can grow into responsible citizens.

==History==
Kishori Shakti Yojana is a redesign of the former Adolescent Girls (AG) scheme under ICDS. It extends its coverage and enhances its content.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wcd.nic.in/kishori-shakti-yojana |publisher=[[Ministry of Women and Child Development]] |title=Kishori Shakti Yojana}}</ref>

==Objectives==
The objectives of the scheme are to assist girls between the ages of 11 and 18 in their studies and vocation, to make them aware of primary healthcare and hygiene, to give them a way to acquire broader knowledge and exposure to society, and to prepare them to be self-sufficient.<ref name=of>{{Cite web | url=https://www.india.gov.in/kishori-shakti-yojana-ministry-women-and-child-development | title=Kishori Shakti Yojana |publisher=[[Ministry of Women and Child Development]] |website=National Portal of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://wcd.nic.in/}}

{{Government Schemes in India|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Women's rights in India ]]
[[Category:Women's education in India]]

[[Category:Government schemes in India|k]]
[[Category:Government schemes in Odisha]]

Karikkan villa murder

2025-05-24T13:58:05Z

Curi Hospital: Creating new data!

{{Short description|1980 crime in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Karikkanvilla murder
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| native_name = കരിക്കൻവില്ല കൊലപാതകം
| native_name_lang = ml
| english_name =
| time =
| duration =
| date = 6 October 1980
| venue =
| location = Meenthalakkara, [[Tiruvalla]], [[Kerala]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|9|22|59|N|76|35|32|E}}
| also known as =
| type =
| theme =
| cause =
| first reporter =
| participants =
| outcome =
| casualties1 = K. C. George
| casualties2 = Rachel George
| casualties3 =
| reported deaths = Two
| reported injuries =
| reported property damage =
| burial =
| inquiries =
| inquest =
| coroner =
| arrests =
| suspects =
| accused = Reni George Gulam Mohammed Gunashekharan Kiblo Daniel
| convicted =
| charges = Murder and theft
| verdict = Life imprisonment for all the accused
| convictions =
| publication bans =
| litigation =
| url =
| blank1_label = 
| blank2_label = 
| website = 
| notes =
}}

The '''Karikkanvilla murder''' is a criminal incident occurred at Meenthalakkara in [[Tiruvalla]], in the south Indian state of [[Kerala]] in 1980. The murder was one of the criminal cases which drew considerable media and public interest in Kerala, which eventually led to the arrest and conviction of all the four accused. The case also led to a debate on the legal and moral implications of [[capital punishment]] as the prime accused, Reni George, went on to become a noted social worker.

==Incident==
On the morning of 7 October 1980, Gowri, a house maid, found her employers dead, early in the morning when she reported at their house for the daily chores.<ref name="State Of Kerala vs Reny George And Ors.">{{cite web | url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1212530/ | title=State Of Kerala vs Reny George And Ors. | publisher=India Kanoon | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="Testimony by Bro.Reni George (Madrasile Mon)">{{cite web | url=http://karnatakachristians.com/videos/1697/malayalam-christian-testimony-by-bro.reni-george-(madrasile-mon) | title=Testimony by Bro.Reni George (Madrasile Mon) | publisher=Karnataka Christians | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | archive-date=12 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612131250/http://karnatakachristians.com/videos/1697/malayalam-christian-testimony-by-bro.reni-george-(madrasile-mon) | url-status=dead }}</ref> She was working for Mr. K. C. George and Rachel George, an issue-less aged couple living a retired life in their home, Karikkanvilla, in Meenthalakkara, a remote village near the [[Kerala]] town of [[Tiruvalla]]. The matter was reported to [[Kerala Police]], who launched an investigation into the apparently unnatural deaths. The crime scene did not leave any clues except for some foot marks and the police found out the marks were made by shoes manufactured outside India.<ref name="Madrasile Mon (1982)">{{cite web | url=http://www.amc.com/movie/1982/Madrasile+Mon | title=Madrasile Mon (1982) | publisher=AMC | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>

==Crime and investigation==
The case was handed over to Siby Mathews,<ref name="New CIC Siby Mathews to be sworn in on Saturday">{{cite web | url=http://www.rtiindia.org/forum/71484-kerala-new-cic-siby-mathews-sworn-saturday.html | title=New CIC Siby Mathews to be sworn in on Saturday | publisher=Right To Information India | date=21 April 2011 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | archive-date=6 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306014231/http://www.rtiindia.org/forum/71484-kerala-new-cic-siby-mathews-sworn-saturday.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> who would later become one of the most accomplished police officers in Kerala service.<ref name="Former DGP Siby Mathews to pen autobiography">{{cite web | url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/siby-mathews-to-write-autobiography-isro-spy-case.html | title=Former DGP Siby Mathews to pen autobiography | publisher=Malayala Manorama | date=5 August 2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923081240/http://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/siby-mathews-to-write-autobiography-isro-spy-case.html | archive-date=23 September 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> On interrogation by police, the maid informed them that the couple expected one of their relatives, whom they referred to as ''Madrasile Mon'' (son from Madras), to pay a visit to them during those days. This led the trail to [[Chennai]] (then known as Madras), and to Reni George, a close relative of the murdered couple.<ref name="Testimony of Br Reny George">{{cite web | url=http://www.malayaleechristian.net/apps/videos/videos/show/13675915-testimony-of-br-reny-george | title=Testimony of Br Reny George | publisher=Malayalee Christian | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | archive-date=21 June 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621222444/https://www.malayaleechristian.net/apps/videos/videos/show/13675915-testimony-of-br-reny-george | url-status=dead }}</ref> Further investigations led to his arrest, along with three of his accomplices, Gulam Mohammed aka Chen, Gunasekharan, and Kiblo Daniel,<ref name="Prison Fellowship of India">{{cite web | url=http://www.renys-children.org/aboutus.html | title=Prison Fellowship of India | publisher=Reny's Children | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> the first from Mauritius, second from Malaysia and the last named, from Kenya.<ref name="Testimony of Br Reny George" />

It was revealed, during the investigation, that Reni George and his three accomplices were drug addicts.<ref name="Bro. Reny George">{{cite web | url=http://www.renys-children.org/ | title=Bro. Reny George | publisher=Reny's Children | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> In order to raise money for footing their drug bills,<ref name="Bro. Reny George" /> they hatched a plot to kill and rob K. C. George and Rachel, who were closely related to the main accused.<ref name="Testimony of Br Reny George" /> The couple were leading a retired life after their return from abroad and the culprits found them as easy targets. They reached Tiruvalla by road from Chennai and, on the night of 6 October 1980, beat the couple to death and escaped with money and jewelry, after wiping out the crime trails. Three of the accused, Reni George, Gulam Muhammad and Gunasekharan were apprehended soon and Kiblo Daniel surrendered to the police.<ref name="തുമ്പുണ്ടാക്കിയത് ‘മദ്രാസിലെ മോൻ’; കരിക്കൻവില്ല കൊലക്കേസിന് നാലു പതിറ്റാണ്ട്">{{Cite web |title=തുമ്പുണ്ടാക്കിയത് ‘മദ്രാസിലെ മോൻ’; കരിക്കൻവില്ല കൊലക്കേസിന് നാലു പതിറ്റാണ്ട് |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/pathanamthitta/2020/10/06/pathanamthitta-karikkan-villa-murder-case.html |access-date=2020-10-06 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref> Subsequent to their arrest, the accused were remanded to judicial custody and were housed at the Sub Jail in [[Mavelikkara]].<ref name="State Of Kerala vs Reny George And Ors." />

==Legal proceedings==
[[Kerala Police]] filed a case against the four accused, with Reni George as the prime accused, at the Additional Sessions Court, [[Mavelikkara]].<ref name="State Of Kerala vs Reny George And Ors." /> However, the case was shifted to the Sessions Court, [[Alappuzha]], on request from the accused.<ref name="State Of Kerala vs Reny George And Ors." /> The court returned a verdict of [[capital punishment]] for the accused, which was later reduced to [[life imprisonment]]. The culprits served out 15 years of jail terms and were released on 23 June 1995.<ref name="Bro. Reny George" /><ref name="Where are they now?">{{cite web | url=http://www.epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=Q0FQLzIwMDkvMDkvMjAjQXIwMTIwMg== | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015816/http://www.epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=Q0FQLzIwMDkvMDkvMjAjQXIwMTIwMg== | url-status=dead | archive-date=5 March 2016 | title=Where are they now? | publisher=Times of India | date=20 September 2009 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
While serving his sentence, Reni George, allegedly indulged in drug trafficking inside the jail during the early days.<ref name="Where are they now?" /> Later, he became repentant and turned to Christianity, eventually becoming an [[Evangelists (Christianity)|evangelist]].<ref name="A Missionary Family">{{cite web | url=http://www.renys-children.org/renyspersonal.html | title=A Missionary Family | publisher=Reny's Children | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> He fell in love with a nurse, Teena, married her while he was on [[parole]], and the couple has one daughter.<ref name="A Missionary Family" /> After he was released from jail in 1995, he founded ''Reny's Children'', a [[Bengaluru]] based children's home for the children of convicts, who are serving jail terms. He has turned into a preacher<ref name="A Missionary Family" /> and runs a ministry that serves the prisons of the state of [[Karnataka]].<ref name="Where are they now?" /><ref name="Bro. Reny George" /> He has also founded the Bengaluru chapter of ''Prison Fellowship of India'' (PFI), a [[non governmental organization]], engaged in the correction, welfare and rehabilitation of former and present prisoners and their families.<ref name="Prison Fellowship of India" />

Reni George, on release from jail, began involved in social service and his efforts earned him awards including the 1998 Citizen of the Year Award from [[Kiran Bedi]] and the 2008 ''[[Real Heroes Award]]'' of [[CNN-IBN]].<ref name="Call to review death penalty">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/call-to-review-death-penalty/article730683.ece | title=Call to review death penalty | publisher=The Hindu | date=18 March 2010 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref> The transformation of Reni George gave credence to the arguments of the anti-capital punishment lobby in India and [[K. T. Thomas (Justice)|K. T. Thomas]], renowned justice of the [[Supreme Court of India]], cited the case in his advocacy against capital punishment.<ref name="Call to review death penalty" />

==Cultural references==
{{Main|Madrasile Mon}}
The crime inspired a 1982 movie, ''[[Madrasile Mon]]'', directed by [[J. Sasikumar]], which had some names who would later become known in the Malayalam film industry, such as [[Ravikumar (actor)|Ravikumar]], [[Raveendran (actor)|Raveendran]], [[Mohanlal]] and [[Thampi Kannanthanam]], among other veteran artists.<ref name="Madrasile Mon">{{cite web | url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1780 | title=Madrasile Mon | publisher=Malayala Sangeetham | date=2015 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Madrasile Mon]]
* [[Sister Abhaya murder case]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veJ8cGs5P_o | title=Malayalam Christian Testimony by Bro.Reni George | publisher=Your Living Manna | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=16 May 2011 | accessdate=3 October 2015}}
*{{IMDb title|qid=Q6728574|title=Madrasile Mon}}

[[Category:1980 in India]]
[[Category:1980 murders in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Kerala]]
[[Category:Murder in India]]
[[Category:Scandals in India]]

Rameshwar Singh (politician)

2025-05-13T19:49:11Z

Curi Hospital: Created New Bio Initial Version

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Bani Assembly constituency]]
| term_start = 8 October 2024
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Jewan Lal]]
| party =
}}
'''Rameshwar Singh''' is an Indian politician from Jammu & Kashmir. He is a [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Member of the Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Bani Assembly constituency]] as an Independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bani, Jammu and Kashmir Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: Independent candidate Dr Rameshwar Singh with 18672 defeats BJP's Jewan Lal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/bani-jammu-and-kashmir-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-aelb-2612940-2024-10-08 |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Bani Election Result 2024 LIVE Update: Assembly Winner, Leading, MLA, Margin, Candidates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bani-election-result-2024-live-update-9077448.html |access-date=2024-10-09 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bani">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=J&K Assembly Election Results 2024 - Bani |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-U0863.htm |accessdate=21 October 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="6 Independent MLAs may back NC, taking it to magic no. of 48">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=10 October 2024 |title=6 Independent MLAs may back NC, taking it to magic no. of 48 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/6-independent-mlas-may-back-nc-taking-it-to-magic-no-of-48/articleshow/114097379.cms |accessdate=23 October 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|2024 Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rameshwar, Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jammu and Kashmir MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Independent politicians from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Kathua district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Mamuara

2025-05-11T23:43:36Z

Curi Hospital: added details for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mamuara
| other_name =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[satellite]] view of Mamuara.
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| coordinates = {{coord|23.280|69.872|type:city_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kutch]]
| established_title = 
| founder = [[Mamu Sumra]]
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name2 = puniben Jatiya
| population_total = 2900
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 370020
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02832
| registration_plate = GJ12
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Popular Figure
| blank2_info_sec1 = Ahir Group - Mamuara
| blank2_name_sec2 = website
| blank2_info_sec2 = [http://www.mamuara.webs.com www.mamuara.webs.com]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 0.90 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
}}
'''Mamuara''' ({{pronunciation|Mamuara.ogg}}) is a village in [[Bhuj]] [[Tehsil|Taluka]] of the [[Kutch district]] in the state of [[Gujarat]], India.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref> It lies {{convert|25|km|mi}} east of [[Bhuj]] and {{convert|80|km|mi}} south of Kutch, the district headquarters.

==History==
The village was founded around the year 1600 AD. It is one of the most humid areas in Gujarat, with humidity levels reaching above 90 percent.

==Economy==
70% of people are in business of china clay and 30% are farmer. The people are mainly involved in agriculture, China clay and transport business. People are mainly involved in transportation china clay and cultivation of oilseeds, cotton and other seasonal crops. Other smaller sources of tea stalls, pesticides sales.

==Etymology==
{{Empty section|date=August 2013}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Kutch district]]

Byse, Shimoga

2025-02-18T06:28:02Z

Curi Hospital: created info - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Byse
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India#India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13|49|45|N|75|00|43|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Shimoga district|Shimoga]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Hosanagara]]
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1019
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number]]
| postal_code = 577418
| area_code_type = Census 2011 code
| area_code = 608026<ref>{{cite web|url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=222951&rlbtype=V |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712225607/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=222951&rlbtype=V |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-12 |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India |accessdate=2012-03-15 }}</ref>
| registration_plate =KA
| iso_code = IN-KA
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Byse''' is a village in the [[Shimoga district]] of Karnataka, India. It is located around 140 km from [[Mangalore]], in the Nagara [[hobli]] of the [[Hosanagara]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/bhoochethana/Shimoga.htm | title = Bhoo Chethana | publisher = Karnataka State Department of Agriculture | accessdate = 2012-03-15 }}</ref>

== History ==
{{see also | Archaeology in India }}

[[Megalith|Megalithic structures]] have been found at Byse at a site called ''Nilaskal Byana'' ("the field with the standing stones"). The villagers have long been aware of the presence of these megaliths, and a 1975 thesis by A. Sundara mentions the site as containing [[menhir]]s arranged in no particular order.<ref name="Sundara1975">{{cite book | author=A. Sundara | title=The early chamber tombs of South India: a study of the iron age megalithic monuments of north Karnataka | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tf-AAAAAMAAJ | accessdate=15 March 2012 | year=1975 | publisher=University Publishers | location = Delhi | oclc = 2512820 }}</ref>

In 2007, Professor Srikumar M Menon from the Manipal School of Architecture and Planning, Manipal University noticed the stones during a trip to the Nagara Fort at Byse. Subsequently, the researchers from the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] (TIFR) and [[Manipal Academy of Higher Education|Manipal University]] surveyed 26 stones during 2007–10. The researchers speculated that the stones could be dated prior to 1000 BCE, though [[carbon dating]] is yet to be done, as of March 2012.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Megalithic-structures-a-chance-discovery/Article1-825602.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120317225417/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Megalithic-structures-a-chance-discovery/Article1-825602.aspx | url-status = dead | archive-date = 17 March 2012 | title = Megalithic structures a chance discovery | author = Snehal Rebello | newspaper = [[Hindustan Times]] | date = 2012-03-15 | accessdate = 2012-03-15 }}</ref> Using computer simulation, the researchers concluded that at least one of the stone alignments at Byse has "strong astronomical associations", which indicates that the site could have been an ancient astronomical observatory.<ref name="tifr_alignment_2012">{{cite web | url = http://www.tifr.res.in/%7Earchaeo/papers/Prehistoric%20astronomy/Astronomical%20observatory%20at%20Byse.pdf | title = Stone Alignment with Solar and Other Sightlines in South India | author = Srikumar M. Menon, Mayank N. Vahia and Kailash Rao | publisher = Tata Institute of Fundamental Research | accessdate = 2012-03-15 }}</ref>

The tallest menhir is 3.6 m in height, 1.6 m in width and 25 cm in thickness. Two menheirs are used by the villagers for a form of [[ancestor worship]].<ref name="tifr_alignment_2012"/>

== Geography ==

The Kusannanakere water tank is located in Byse.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://worksoft.kar.nic.in/tankstat/view_work.aspx?gpcode=1524&fyear=6&workId=119&transId=1165 | title = Rejuvination of Kusannanakere at Byse Village | publisher = Rural Development & Panchayat Raj Department, Government of Karnataka | accessdate = 2012-03-15 }}</ref>

== Administration ==

The habitations that fall under the Byse [[gram panchayat]] include:<ref>{{cite web | url = https://online.omms.nic.in/ASPNet/citizens/DG/05DVC/CensusStatus.aspx?state=KN&district=24&block=2&reportLevel=3 | title = Census Data Updation Status: Hosanagar Block | work = Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana | publisher = Government of India | accessdate = 2012-03-15 }}</ref>

* Baise
* Konanahalli
* Kardigere
* Kuppaduru
* Kannamane
* Hokoppalau
* Chikalli
* Dhummadhagadde
* Doddagundi
* Niraballi
* Gundigadde
* Athikodige
* Sulagodu
* Channakodige

== Culture ==
{{Expand section|date=June 2012}}
The Chidambareshwara Devaru and Nethrabylu Choudi Devasthana Hindu shrines are located in Byse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://karnatakatemples.kar.nic.in:8080/homepage/html/ABHIYANA/templelist/Shimoga_templelist.html |title=List of temples in the Shimoga District |publisher=Hindu Religious Institutions & Charitable Endowments Department, Government of Karnataka |accessdate=2012-03-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130023730/http://karnatakatemples.kar.nic.in:8080/homepage/html/ABHIYANA/templelist/Shimoga_templelist.html |archivedate=2012-01-30 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Settlements in Shimoga district}}
{{Archaeological sites in India}}

[[Category:Villages in Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Megalithic monuments in India]]

Dighikala East

2025-02-17T06:24:08Z

Curi Hospital: created a details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name =Dighi Kala East
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =Gram Panchayat
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|40|48.0|N|85|13|12.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[vaishali district|vaishali]]
| subdivision_type3
=Assembly Constituency
| subdivision_name3
=[[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|hajipur assembly constituency (AC.123)]]<ref>[http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf The Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar official, Hajipur pdf]</ref>
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Dighikala East''' is a Gram panchayat in Hajipur, [[Vaishali district]], [[Bihar]].
Dighikala East is a village (Now it has become a part of [[Hajipur Nagar Parishad]].) in [[Hajipur]] block and located towards west from district headquarters Hajipur. It is 13 km from state capital Patna.
Hajipur, Sonepur, Patna, are the nearby cities to Dighikala East. This place is in the border of the [[Vaishali district|Vaishali District]] and [[Saran district|Saran District]]. Saran District ([[Sonpur, Bihar|Sonepur]]) is west towards this place.

==Geography==
This panchayat is located at {{coord|25|40|48.0|N|85|13|12.0|E|type:panchayat}}

==Panchayat office==

{{Empty section|date=November 2014}}

==Nearest city/town==
[[Hajipur]] ('''Distance 3 km''')<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(3ird4ricndfyzx45tkdber3h))/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx village profile census government official website ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030104031/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/(S(3ird4ricndfyzx45tkdber3h))/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/View_data/Village_Profile.aspx |date=30 October 2014 }} State - Bihar, District- vaishali, Sub District - Hajipur</ref>

==Nearest major road highway or river==
[[NH 19]] (National highway 19), [[National Highway 77 (India)|NH 77]], SH 49 ( state highway 49) And Railway line<ref>[http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/vaishali%20MAP.jpg Map - vaishali district official government website ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104113148/http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/vaishali%20MAP.jpg |date=4 November 2014 }} file type: image/jpeg, size:13.9 MB</ref>

==Compass==
<ref>[http://ceobihar.nic.in/map/include/AC123.pdf The Chief Electoral Officer of Bihar official, Hajipur pdf]</ref>
{{Geographic location
|Centre =dighikala east
|North =
|Northeast =
|East =
|Southeast =bishunpur basant urf shubhai
|South =
|Southwest =[[dighikala west]]
|West =
|Northwest =
}}

==Villages in panchayat==
The following villages are in this panchayat<ref>[http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99315&rlbtype=V Reports of National Panchayat Directory Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India List of Census Villages mapped for DIGHIKALA East Gram Panchayat, HAJIPUR, VAISHALI, BIHAR ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103223201/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=99315&rlbtype=V |date=3 November 2014 }} Report printed on 26/09/2014 National Panchayat Portal, Panchayat Informatics Division</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!s.n
!villages
|-
| 1||Dighi Kalan
|-
| 2||Yusufpur Dighikhurd
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{panchayat of Hajipur block}}
{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Bihar]]
[[Category:Villages in Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Vaishali district]]
[[Category:Hajipur]]

Flames (web series)

2025-02-09T00:58:15Z

Curi Hospital: created a data - done

{{Short description|Indian coming-of-age web series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Flames poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| genre = [[Romantic comedy]] [[Coming-of-age story|Coming-of-age]] [[Drama film|Drama]]
| based_on =
| runtime =
| creator =
| director = Apoorv Singh Karki Divyanshu Malhotra
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ritvik Sahore]]
*[[Tanya Maniktala]]
}}
| writer = Kunal Aneja
| theme_music_composer =
| composer = Afroz Jahan Tusshar Mallek Arabinda Neog
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| location =
| cinematography = Georgy John
| editor = Neel Jadhav Rishab Malhotra Akshara Prabhakar
| network =
| released =
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|01|05}} -
Present
| company =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Arunabh Kumar
| num_seasons = 4
| num_episodes = 20
| list_episodes =
}}

'''Flames''' is a 2018 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Coming-of-age story|coming-of-age]] [[romantic drama]] web series produced by [[The Viral Fever]] (TVF).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-27 |title=Flames Season 3 OTT release online: Know when, where to watch this school drama |url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/flames-season-3-ott-release-online-know-when-where-to-watch-this-school-drama-71666866465256.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=HT Tech |language=en}}</ref> It is named after [[Flames (game)|the game of the same name]].<ref group="‡" name="series">{{Cite web |title=Flames Season 3 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/show/web-series-flames-2018/514ba8cedad5a# |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> It is directed by Apoorv Singh Karki and Divyanshu Malhotra, and stars [[Ritvik Sahore]] and [[Tanya Maniktala]] in lead roles. Set in a tuition center in west [[Delhi]], the story follows the lives of two students.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-12 |title=Flames first impression: The 90s nostalgia sets the romantic tone for this teenage show but are we going to get more? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/flames-first-impression-90s-nostalgia-romance-ritvik-sahore-5022010/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Its first season premiered in 2018, while the second was released on 18 October 2019. The third season was dropped in October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flames season 3 on OTT platform: Release date, where to watch, cast and plot |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/flames-season-3-on-ott-platform-release-date-where-to-watch-cast-and-plot-2290791-2022-10-29 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=India Today |date=29 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> The fourth season was released on 21 December 2023.

==Episodes==
{{Series overview
| color1 = #000000
| link1 = #Season 1 (2018)
| episodes1 = 5
| released1 = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|2|3}}
| color2 = #383554
| link2 = #Season 2 (2019)
| episodes2 = 5
| released2 = {{Start date|df=yes|2019|10|17}}
| color3 = #7695D7
| link3 = #Season 3 (2022)
| episodes3 = 5
| released3 = {{Start date|df=yes|2022|9|15}}
| color4 =
| link4 = #Season 4 (2023)
| episodes4 = 5
| released4 = {{Start date|df=yes|2023|12|20}}
}}

== Cast ==
* [[Ritvik Sahore]] as Rajat "Rajjo" Bakshi
* [[Tanya Maniktala]] as Ishita
* Sunakshi Grover as Anusha
* Shivam Kakar as Gaurav Pandey "Pandu"
* Deepesh Sumitra Jagdish as Pradeep Kaushal
* Neelu Dogra as Geeta Bakshi, Rajat's mother
* Purnendu Bhattacharya as Mr. Bakshi, Rajat's father
* Raj Sharma as Ishita's father
* Nikki Narulaa as Radha Kaushal, Pradeep's wife
* Sahil Verma as Abhijat Walia, Maths teacher

== Reception ==
Pragya Jha of ''[[ABP News]]'' stated "Flames season 3 is the right combination of friendship, passion, and emotions, highlighted by a lot of teenage problems."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Pragya |date=2022-10-29 |title=Flames Season 3 Review: The School Drama Shows Realistic Issues Of Family Pressure &Friendship |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/flames-season-3-review-the-school-drama-shows-realistic-issues-of-family-pressure-friendship-and-love-1560464 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

A reviewer for ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3 stars and stated "Overall, ''Flames 3'' has its heart in the right place, just like its predecessors. A few scenes stand out, particularly the heartfelt conversations between Rajjo and Ishita, making these five episodes (roughly 30 minutes) a perfect blend of friendship, romance, and emotions."<ref>{{Citation |title=Flames Season 3 Review: A perfect blend of romance, friendship, and emotions |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/flames/season-3/seasonreview/95114644.cms | first=Archika | last=Khurana | date=28 October 2022 | access-date=2024-12-28}}</ref>

Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' stated "On the whole, ''Flames season 3'' will make you emotional, bring back nostalgic memories and leave a huge smile on your face at the end."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Flames season 3 review: A light-hearted breezy entertainer that tugs at your heartstrings |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/flames-season-3-review-a-light-hearted-breezy-entertainer-that-tugs-at-your-heartstrings-11525641.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>

Moumita Bhattacharjee of ''Latestly'' gave season 3, a rating of 1.5 of 5 and stated "Sometimes a few series don't have enough material to stay as charming as ever. Flames season 3 is unfortunately going on the same path, despite its likeable set of actors."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Flames Season 3 Review: Ritwik Sahore and Tanya Maniktala's TVF Series Returns With An Unexciting And Mundane Plot Minus The Humour |url=https://www.latestly.com/entertainment/tv/flames-season-3-review-the-tvf-series-returns-with-an-unexciting-and-mundane-plot-minus-the-humou-4387114.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{primary reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=7927936}}
* [https://www.gadgets360.com/entertainment/flames-season-1-web-series-113847 Flames] on [[NDTV]]

[[Category:Hindi-language web series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]

Phulpur, Prayagraj

2024-11-15T08:18:27Z

Curi Hospital:

{{short description|Town Area in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Other places|Phulpur (disambiguation){{!}}Phulpur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Phulpur, Prayagraj
| settlement_type = Town Area
| translit_lang1_info =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = [[Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency#Members of Parliament|Nehru's Constituency]]
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Phulpur in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|25.55|N|82.10|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[India|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prayagraj]]
| founder =
| government_type = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Phulpur Nagar Panchayat
| leader_party = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Kazmin Siddiqui
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name1 = [[Keshari Devi Patel]]
([[BJP]])
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| leader_name2 = praveen patel ([[BJP]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 15.8
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 87
| population_total = 21066
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=30 December 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 212402
| area_code = +91-5332
| area_code_type = Telephone Code
| registration_plate = UP 70
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Phulpur''' is a town area in [[Prayagraj district]] in the [[India|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is known for being the [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha]] seat from which [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] got elected to the [[Indian Parliament]]. Phulpur also hosts a [[Phulpur Assembly constituency|Vidhan Sabha]] seat.

==Geography==
Phulpur is located at 25°33′N 82°06′E / 25.55°N 82.10°E / 25.55; 82.10.[1] It has an average elevation of 87 metres (285 ft). The IST (Indian standard time) is calculated from Phulpur.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Phulpur had a population of 21,066. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Phulpur has an average literacy rate of 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 49%. In Phulpur, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Prayagraj district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Prayagraj district]]

Uchchain

2024-10-19T20:21:43Z

Curi Hospital: Made

{{use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Uchchain
| other_name = Uchchain
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27|05|35|N|77|24|35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body = Nagar Palika ( announced in budget 2020 )
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8,713
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 321302
| registration_plate = RJ05
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Uchchain''' is a town and a [[Nagar Palika]] in [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]] district in the state of Rajasthan, India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uchchain, Bharatpur {{!}} Village {{!}} GeoIQ|url=https://geoiq.io/places/Uchchain/eE9B0Lg4uo|access-date=2021-09-13|website=geoiq.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Pin Code: UCHAIN, BHARATPUR, RAJASTHAN, India, Pincode.net.in|url=https://pincode.net.in/RAJASTHAN/BHARATPUR/U/UCHAIN|access-date=2021-09-13|website=pincode.net.in}}</ref>

==Communities==

The Gurjars are dominant here.Chhavdi and Kanmar gotra of Gurjars are here.
The Brahmins, vaishya, jats, jatavs, kushwaha also lived here. Braj language is mostly used in uchchain.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

At there, Gurjar (chhavdi) are lives.

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bharatpur district]]

Operation Calm Down

2023-12-22T20:53:13Z

Curi Hospital: created redirect page

#redirect[[Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Kshetragna

2023-12-19T16:47:05Z

Curi Hospital: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Kshetrayya]]