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Sarajevo International Airport

2026-06-01T09:33:17Z

CryptoCurrencydon: added some details v1.

{{Short description|Airport in Butmir, Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sarajevo International Airport
| nativename = {{small|{{lang|bs|Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo}}}}
| nativename-a = {{small|{{lang|hr|Međunarodna zračna luka Sarajevo}}}}
| nativename-r = {{small|{{lang|sr|Међународни аеродром Сарајево}}}}
| image = Sarajevo International Airport logo.png
| image-width = 250
| image2 = Sarajevo_Airport_1_2024.jpg
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = SJJ
| ICAO = LQSA
| type = Public
| operator = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina Directorate of Civil Aviation]] (BHDCA)
| hub =
| city-served = {{nowrap|[[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]}}
| location = [[Butmir]]
| elevation-f = 1,708
| elevation-m = 521
| coordinates = {{coord|43|49|29|N|018|19|53|E|region:BA-09|display=inline,title}}
| website = https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/
| pushpin_map = Bosnia and Herzegovina
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label = SJJ
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 11/29
| r1-length-f =
| r1-length-m = 2,600
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| stat-year = 2025
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 2,226,692 {{increase}} 22,2%
| stat2-header = Aircraft Movements
| stat2-data = 19,671{{increase}} 16,8%
| stat3-header = Freight (in tons)
| stat3-data = 3,344 {{increase}} 5,6%
| footnotes = Source (excluding statistics): Bosnian and Herzegovinian [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] at [[European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation|EUROCONTROL]]<ref name="mw">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp |title=Archived copy |access-date=28 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225181202/http://www.ead.eurocontrol.int/publicuser/protect/pu/main.jsp |archive-date=25 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sarajevo Airport Statistics<ref>{{cite web | title=Statistika | url=https://sarajevo-airport.ba/Page/Statistika }}</ref>
| focus_city = [[Ryanair]]
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PE Sarajevo International Airport
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| image =
| image_caption =
| trading_name = 
| native_name = ЈP Međunarodni Aerodrom Sarajevo
| native_name_lang = ba
| romanized_name =
| type = [[State-owned enterprise|Public-owned enterprise]]
| traded_as =
| industry = [[Consumer service]]s
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1969|06|02|df=yes}} {{small|(Current form)}}
| founder =
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Sarajevo]]
| location_country = [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| locations = 
| area_served = Bosnia and Herzegovina
| key_people = Dino Selimović {{small|(Acting director)}}
| products =
| production =
| services = [[Airport]] operations
| revenue = {{increase}} €24.25 million {{small|(2017)}}<ref name="www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba">{{Cite web|url=http://www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba/dom_naroda/v2/bs/propis.php?id=298|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921191156/http://www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba/dom_naroda/v2/bs/propis.php?id=298|archive-date=21 September 2018|title=Parlament Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine DOM NARODA | Izvještaj o poslovanju Javnog preduzeća Međunarodni aerodrom "Sarajevo", d.o.o Sarajevo za 2017. Godinu koji uključuje: Finansijske izvještaje za 2017. Godinu, Izvještaj nezavisnog revizora "Grant Thornton", d.o.o. Banja Luka o izvršenoj reviziji finansijskih izvještaja za 2017. Godinu, Izvještaj Odbora za reviziju o izvršenoj reviziji finansijskih izvještaja za 2017. Godinu i Izvještaj o radu Nadzornog odbora za period 1.1. – 31.12. 2017. Sa Odlukom Skupštine JP Međunarodni aerodrom "SARAJEVO", d.o.o. Sarajevo o usvajanju Izvještaja o poslovanju JP Međunarodni aerodrom "SARAJEVO", d.o.o. Sarajevo za 2017. Godinu, broj: 13-1-01- 2- 4416-4/18 od 22.6.2018 godine, a koji je Vladi Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine dostavljen aktom JP Međunarodni aerodrom "SARAJEVO" d.o.o. Sarajevo, broj: 01-01-2-4416-13/18 od 2.8.2018. Godine, broj: 02-27-1457/18 od 9.8.2018. Godine}}</ref>
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{increase}} €6.64 million<ref name="www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba"/>
| assets = {{increase}} €126.37 million {{small|(2017)}}<ref name="www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba"/>
| equity = {{increase}} €86.00 million {{small|(2017)}}<ref name="www.parlamentfbih.gov.ba"/>
| owner = [[Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (100.00%)
| num_employees = 484 {{small|(2016)}}{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| footnotes =
| intl =
| homepage =
| bodystyle =
}}
'''Sarajevo International Airport''' ({{langx|bs|Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo}}, {{langx|sr|Међународни аеродром Сарајево}}, {{langx|hr|Međunarodna zračna luka Sarajevo}}) {{Airport codes|SJJ|LQSA}} is the main [[international airport]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], serving its capital [[Sarajevo]]. It is located {{convert|3.3|NM|abbr=on|lk=in}} southwest of the [[Sarajevo main railway station|Sarajevo railway station]]<ref name="mw"/> and some {{convert|6.5|NM|abbr=on|lk=in}} west of downtown Sarajevo in the [[Ilidža]] municipality, suburb of [[Butmir]]. In 2025, 2,226,692 passengers travelled through the airport, compared to 323,499 in 2001.

==History==
===Early years===
First regular flights to Sarajevo using an airfield in the suburb of Butmir begin in 1930 when the domestic airline [[Aeroput]] opened a regular route linking [[Belgrade]] to [[Podgorica]] via Sarajevo.<ref name="European Airlines-2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanairlines.no/drustvo-za-vazdusni-saobracaj-a-d-aeroput-1927-1948/|title=Drustvo za Vazdusni Saobracaj A D – Aeroput (1927-1948)|date=17 June 2010 |publisher= European Airlines|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> A year later, Aeroput opened a new route which linked Belgrade and [[Zagreb]] via Sarajevo, Split, and Rijeka. In 1935, Aeroput operated three times weekly the non-stop route Belgrade – Sarajevo, which was extended to [[Dubrovnik]] a year later. In 1937, Aeroput included regular flights linking Sarajevo to Zagreb, and 1938 was the year when first international flights were introduced when Aeroput extended the route Dubrovnik – Sarajevo – Zagreb to Vienna, Brno, and Prague.<ref name="European Airlines-2010"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevotimes.com/aeroput-first-airline-landed-sarajevo/|title=Aeroput, the First Airline that Landed in Sarajevo|date=21 April 2014|website=Sarajevotimes.com|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

At the beginning of the [[Bosnian War]], the airport was put under control of the [[Yugoslav People's Army]] (JNA). When the regular flights were stopped, the JNA evacuated some 30,000 people, mostly women and children, who were spouses and children of JNA officers fleeing the [[siege of Sarajevo]]; the first humanitarian aid from the US and France arrived in this period too.<ref name="Two Days till Peace">{{Cite web |url=http://twodaystillpeace.com/book.html |title=Two Days till Peace |access-date=19 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831162049/http://twodaystillpeace.com/book.html |archive-date=31 August 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 2 May 1992 Bosnian President [[Alija Izetbegović]] and his daughter flew into the airport from Lisbon, where they had been taking part in EC-mediated talks. Although guaranteed EC Protection, the airport had been seized by the JNA and they were held in the airport against their will.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 May 1992 |title=BOSNIAN PRESIDENT SEIZED BY FEDERAL ARMY |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/05/03/bosnian-president-seized-by-federal-army/be7f03e2-b11c-43b8-9503-a093f46b39cb/ |access-date=17 November 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Their situation was made public when, that evening, a woman phoned the airport to ask for the whereabouts of her daughter and Izetbegović took the phone, proclaiming "Dear lady, this is President Izetbegović, please call the Presidency, call the TV station and tell them we are being held against our will!".<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 May 2012 |title='When my father was taken captive in Sarajevo' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17913518 |access-date=17 November 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Izetbegović negotiated his own release, leading to himself and his daughter being released on Dobrovoljačka Street in exchange for safe passage of an [[1992 Yugoslav People's Army column incident in Sarajevo|ill-fated JNA column]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Y.Z |date=2 May 2016 |title=Day when the barehanded Citizens of Sarajevo opposed the JNA |url=https://sarajevotimes.com/day-when-the-barehanded-citizens-of-sarajevo-opposed-the-jna/ |access-date=17 November 2025 |website=Sarajevo Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

After JNA left, the airport was for a while under control of Bosnian Serb forces and in June 1992, they handed over the airport to the UN to use it for humanitarian purposes ([[United Nations Security Council Resolution 757]]). In the biggest humanitarian operation in history of the UN that followed, during the Bosnian war, some 13,000 flights were carried out and over 160,000 tons of international humanitarian aid was delivered to the besieged city of Sarajevo.<ref name="Two Days till Peace" />

The airport re-opened to civilian air traffic on 16 August 1996 and has since been renovated and slowly restored. Since the [[Dayton Agreement]] in 1995, the airport has a commercial flight business which includes [[Austrian Airlines]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Air Serbia]], [[Croatia Airlines]], [[Turkish Airlines]], and others.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===Development in the 2000s===
On 18 October 2005, [[Paddy Ashdown]], the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, suspended a decision by Bosnian authorities to name the airport after [[Alija Izetbegović]], the first President of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The High Representative stated that such a renaming might undermine the reconciliation process by alienating non-Bosniak citizens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pressr/default.asp?content_id=35695|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234242/http://www.ohr.int/ohr-dept/presso/pressr/default.asp?content_id=35695|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2007|title=High Representative Suspends Decision Renaming Sarajevo International Airport|date=26 September 2007|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> In 2005, the European branch of the [[Airports Council International]] awarded Sarajevo the award of ''Best Airport Under 1 Million Passengers''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci-europe.org/upload/Excellence%20in%20airport%20operations%20-%201st%20ACI%20EUROPE%20Best%20Airport%20Awards.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923224953/http://www.aci-europe.org/upload/Excellence%20in%20airport%20operations%20-%201st%20ACI%20EUROPE%20Best%20Airport%20Awards.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2006|title=Excellence in airport operations : 1st ACI EUROPE Best Airport Awards|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

In 2013, Sarajevo International Airport handled 665,638 passengers which was more than all of the other airports in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] combined and a 14.7% increase from 2012. This was till then the highest number of passengers per year since the reopening of the airport. On 26 December 2014, the airport welcomed its 700,000th passenger on [[Austrian Airlines]] flight OS758 to [[Vienna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarajevo-airport.ba/List/Saopstenja/Read/1231/The%20700000th%20passenger%20taken-off%20from%20Sarajevo%20International%20Airport|website=Sarajevo-Airport.ba |title=Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref>

In May 2015, work started on expansion of Sarajevo International Airport. Current work is undergoing on expansion of arrival area, adding more passport control check stands and rearranging whole arrival area to make it more passenger friendly. Next to follow is expansion of check in area which will include three more check in counters making it total of 15 check in counters. By the end of the year the airport will begin with platform expansion and the construction of rapid exit taxiway with scheduled completion by mid of the next year. 2017 should be the year in which airport will enter into the reconstruction of the runway and the maneuvering areas. Expansion of the airport at the current level is financed by Sarajevo Airport own funds. On 6 June 2015, Pope Francis visited Sarajevo arriving on an [[Alitalia]] [[Airbus A320 family#A320|Airbus A320-200]] from [[Rome Fiumicino Airport|Rome]]. Welcome ceremony was held at Sarajevo International Airport.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

The airport served as the home base for the country's [[flag carrier]], [[B&H Airlines]], until July 2015 when the airline ceased operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/38492-sarajevo-to-shut-down-bh-airlines-citing-mounting-debts|title=Sarajevo to shut down B&H Airlines citing mounting debts|website=Ch-aviation.com|access-date=24 January 2019}}</ref> During December 2015, Sarajevo Airport experienced very low visibility and fog. About 40% of flights were canceled which impacted passengers growth and financial loss to the airport. Airport handled only 28,167 passengers of 50,000 planned (last year in December 43,079 passengers were handled). For Sarajevo International Airport one of major restrictions is a mountain terrain that requires a high approach precision and a big inclination angle in a procedure of unsuccessful approach and landing. Vlado Jurić, Head of the Office for aviation safety at Bosnia and Herzegovina Air Navigation Services Agency (BHANSA), presented the information about problems caused by reduced minimums at Sarajevo Airport. For the implementation of ILS categories (CAT II or CAT III), the terrain in front of the runway start should be free of obstacles for at least 1,000 metres. It means that the RWY 12 threshold should be moved for additional 200 metres which would reduce the runway length and as such is unacceptable. From the point of view of procedure design, the reduction of minimums is not an option and therefore it is necessary to find other solutions for improvement of landing conditions at Sarajevo Airport. The biggest problem at Sarajevo Airport is fog. The representative of Sarajevo Airport, Mr Nermin Zijadić informed that there is a relevant plan regarding this problem. He also presented the information about future projects of Sarajevo Airport among which the most important one is a reconstruction of the runway including its lighting system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/vijest.php?id=426&lang=eng|title=Sarajevo-Airport.ba - Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo|website=Sarajevo-airport.ba|access-date=21 April 2016|archive-date=14 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165007/https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/vijest.php?id=426&lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Sarajevo airport 2 2024.jpg|thumb|Check-in hall]]

In 2016, [[Qatar Airways]] announced a new route from [[Doha]] to Sarajevo. However, the start of this service was first postponed and then moved to 10 October 2017. with four weekly flights.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.qatarairways.com/us/en/destinations.page |title=Travel destinations around the world | Qatar Airways |access-date=25 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824125732/http://www.qatarairways.com/us/en/destinations.page |archive-date=24 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 5 December 2016, the airport welcomed its 800,000th passenger on [[Air Serbia]] flight JU113 to [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/vijest.php?id=487|title=Sarajevo-Airport.ba - Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo|website=Sarajevo-airport.ba|access-date=5 December 2016|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174800/https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/vijest.php?id=487|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2017, Sarajevo International Airport welcomed six new airlines and seven destinations: [[AtlasGlobal]] (Istanbul), [[Wizz Air]] (Budapest), [[Wataniya Airways]] (Kuwait City), [[Nesma Airlines]] (Riyadh), [[TUI fly Belgium]] (Charleroi), [[flydubai]] (Dubai), [[Qatar Airways]] (Doha).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/timetable.php?lang=eng|title=Sarajevo-Airport.ba - Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo|website=Sarajevo-airport.ba|access-date=11 May 2016|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215174834/https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/timetable.php?lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 28 November 2017, Sarajevo International Airport received its 900,000th passenger of the year, representing a record number of passengers in one calendar year. On 5 December 2018, Sarajevo International Airport welcomed for the first time its millionth passenger of the year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sarajevski aerodrom ispratio milionitog putnika u ovoj godini (FOTO) |url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/sarajevski-aerodrom-ispratio-milionitog-putnika-u-ovoj-godini/181205030 |website=Klix.ba |language=bs-BA}}</ref>

On 3 May 2017, the airport announced a major terminal expansion. The project is worth 20 million Euros and scheduled to be completed in 2020. A new, 10,000 sqm building on four levels will be built as an addition to the current terminal building. The new terminal will have capacity to handle 2 million passengers per year and will be equipped with three jet bridges.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/privreda/pocelo-sirenje-terminala-sarajevskog-aerodroma-rok-za-izgradnju-oktobar-2020/181105032|title=Počelo širenje terminala sarajevskog aerodroma, rok za izgradnju oktobar 2020.|website=www.klix.ba}}</ref> On 9 April 2019, the airport announced expansion of the VIP area into a new VIP building as part of the expansion project for the new main terminal with a separate check-in, customs and arrival section for VIP travellers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/investicije/nastavljena-izgradnja-novog-vip-salona-na-medjunarodnom-aerodromu-sarajevo/190410083|title=Nastavljena izgradnja novog VIP salona na Međunarodnom aerodromu Sarajevo|website=www.klix.ba}}</ref> During June–July 2019, the airport saw its largest destination expansion. A total of 10 new destinations were added. [[FlyBosnia]] started flights from Sarajevo to [[Riyadh]], [[Kuwait]], [[Jeddah]], [[Gassim airport|Gassim]], and [[Bahrain]]. [[Flynas]] started flights from Riyadh and Jeddah. [[Norwegian Air Shuttle|Norwegian]] started flights from [[Gothenburg]], while [[Eurowings]] started flights from [[Berlin Tegel Airport]]. In October and November 2019, FlyBosnia started flights to [[Luton Airport|London Luton]] and Rome Fiumicino Airport.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===2020s===
[[File:Sarajevo Airport 3 2024.jpg|thumb|Renovated interior terminal]]

On 17 November 2020, Sarajevo International Airport terminated its contract with [[FlyBosnia]] after the company failed to repay its debts within 60 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/sarajevski-aerodrom-raskinuo-ugovor-s-fly-bosniom-zbog-neizmirenih-dugova/201118071|title=Sarajevski aerodrom raskinuo ugovor s Fly Bosniom zbog neizmirenih dugova|website=www.klix.ba}}</ref>

On 3 February 2021, [[Wizz Air]] announced the opening of its second base in Bosnia and Herzegovina, after Tuzla; the airline will open a base at Sarajevo with one Airbus A320. The airline announced nine new European destinations from Sarajevo with 21 weekly departures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.anna.aero/2021/02/04/wizz-air-announces-sarajevo-base-with-nine-routes/|title=Wizz Air announces Sarajevo base with nine routes|website=anna.aero|date=4 February 2021}}</ref> On 12 August 2021, Wizz Air has subsequently announced that it will base its second aircraft at Sarajevo International Airport. It is planned to launch 7 new routes from December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/privreda/wizz-air-od-decembra-uvodi-sedam-novih-linija-sa-sarajevskog-aerodroma/210812081|title=Wizz Air od decembra uvodi sedam novih linija sa sarajevskog aerodroma|website=www.klix.ba}}</ref> Also, [[Wizz Air Abu Dhabi]] plans to introduce direct routes between Sarajevo and Abu Dhabi in October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/privreda/wizz-air-abu-dhabi-najavio-letove-za-sarajevo-i-tiranu/210804034|title=Wizz Air Abu Dhabi najavio letove za Sarajevo i Tiranu|website=www.klix.ba}}</ref> However, in September 2022, Wizz Air announced it would close its base at the airport, ending all routes except those to London and Abu Dhabi.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2022/10/wizz-air-to-shut-sarajevo-base-and.html | title=Wizz Air to shut Sarajevo base and terminate nineteen routes | date=6 October 2022 }}</ref>

In 2024 [[Ryanair]] introduced six routes connecting Sarajevo with: [[Orio al Serio International Airport|Bergamo]], [[Brussels South Charleroi Airport|Charleroi]], [[Göteborg Landvetter Airport|Gothenburg]], [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]], [[Memmingen Airport|Memmingen]] and [[Thessaloniki Airport|Thessaloniki]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryanair od jula uvodi novi let iz Sarajeva i pored najavljenih pet linija |url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/ryanair-od-jula-uvodi-novi-let-iz-sarajeva-i-pored-najavljenih-pet-linija/240103010 |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=www.klix.ba |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iz Sarajeva će se ove godine letjeti za Atinu, Solun i Varšavu |url=https://www.klix.ba/biznis/privreda/iz-sarajeva-ce-se-ove-godine-letjeti-za-atinu-solun-i-varsavu/240112064 |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=www.klix.ba |language=hr}}</ref> Ryanair doubles traffic at Sarajevo for Summer 2025 with five new routes – [[Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport]], [[Weeze Airport]], [[Girona Costa Brava Airport]], [[Paris Beauvais Airport]], and [[Stockholm Arlanda Airport]], bringing Sarajevo route network to 11 in eight countries<ref>{{cite web | title=Ryanair Doubles Traffic at Sarajevo for Summer 2025 | date=9 January 2025 | url=https://corporate.ryanair.com/news/ryanair-doubles-traffic-at-sarajevo-for-summer-2025/ }}</ref>

==Airlines and destinations==
===Passenger===

The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Sarajevo International Airport:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/timetable.php?lang=eng|title=Sarajevo-Airport.ba - Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo|website=Sarajevo-airport.ba|access-date=24 January 2019|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407174341/https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/timetable.php?lang=eng|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Airport-dest-list
|[[Air Serbia]]| [[Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport|Belgrade]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Air Serbia to boost Sarajevo capacity|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2026/03/air-serbia-to-boost-sarajevo-capacity.html|date=20 March 2026}}</ref>

|[[AJet]]|[[Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ajet povećao letove za Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/05/03/2026/novosti-iz-regije/najave-ajet-povecao-letove-za-sarajevo/ |publisher=Zamaaeru |date=2026-03-05 |access-date=12 April 2026}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Ankara Airport|Ankara]] (begins 1 July 2026),<ref>https://ajet.com/en/media/press-and-announcements/announcements/ankara-sarajevo-flights-are-on-sale-starting-from-79-usd</ref> [[Milas–Bodrum Airport|Bodrum]] (begins 28 June 2026)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2025/12/ajet-adds-new-sarajevo-and-skopje.html|title=AJet adds new Sarajevo and Skopje service|website=exyuaviation.com|date=5 December 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|language=en-ca}}</ref>

| [[Arkia]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Ben Gurion Airport|Tel Aviv]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: Arkia pokreće Sarajevo-Tel Aviv |url=https://zamaaero.com/14/06/2024/novosti-iz-regije/najave-arkia-pokrece-sarajevo-tel-aviv/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: Arkia povećava Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/27/02/2026/novosti-iz-regije/najave-arkia-povecava-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

| [[Austrian Airlines]]| [[Vienna International Airport|Vienna]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Smanjenja: Austrian smanjio i Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/24/12/2025/novosti-iz-regije/smanjenja-austrian-smanjio-i-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[Croatia Airlines]]| [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia Airlines obnavlja letove za Sarajevo i Beč |url=https://zamaaero.com/25/02/2021/novosti-iz-regije/croatia-airlines-obnavlja-letove-za-sarajevo-i-bec/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[Eurowings]]|[[Cologne Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]],<ref name="Zamaaeru">{{cite web |title=Eurowings smanjuje letove iz Sarajeva |url=https://zamaaero.com/07/04/2026/novosti-iz-regije/smanjenja-eurowings-smanjuje-sarajevo/ |publisher=Zamaaeru |date=2026-04-07 |access-date=12 April 2026}}</ref> [[Stuttgart Airport|Stuttgart]]<ref name="Zamaaeru">{{cite web |title=Eurowings smanjuje letove iz Sarajeva |url=https://zamaaero.com/07/04/2026/novosti-iz-regije/smanjenja-eurowings-smanjuje-sarajevo/ |publisher=Zamaaeru |date=2026-04-07 |access-date=12 April 2026}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport|Berlin]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zamaaero.com/03/02/2026/novosti-iz-regije/najave-berlin-sarajevo-od-9-5/|title=novosti-iz-regije/najave-berlin-sarajevo-od-9-5/}}</ref>

| [[Flydubai]]| [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Dubai, United Arab Emirates DXB|pages=337-343}}</ref>

| [[Flynas]] | [[King Abdulaziz International Airport|Jeddah]]<ref name="Najave: Flynas povećava Sarajevo">{{cite web |title=Najave: Flynas povećava Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/22/04/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-flynas-povecava-sarajevo-2/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[King Khalid International Airport|Riyadh]]<ref name="Najave: Flynas povećava Sarajevo">{{cite web |title=Najave: Flynas povećava Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/22/04/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-flynas-povecava-sarajevo-2/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

| [[Israir]] | '''Seasonal:''' [[David Ben Gurion International Airport|Tel Aviv]] (begins 27 June 2026)<ref>{{cite web |title=NAJAVE: Israir pokreće Tel Aviv-Sarajevo|url=https://zamaaero.com/26/02/2026/novosti-iz-regije/najave-israir-pokrece-tel-aviv-sarajevo|publisher=zamaaero.com|date=26 February 2026|access-date=1 March 2026}}</ref>

|[[Jazeera Airways]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait City]] <ref name="zamaaero.com">{{cite web |title=Najave: Jazeera i Kuwait povećavaju Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/10/01/2024/novosti-iz-regije/najave-jazeera-i-kuwait-povecavaju-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[Kuwait Airways]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Kuwait International Airport|Kuwait City]]<ref name="zamaaero.com">{{cite web |title=Najave: Jazeera i Kuwait povećavaju Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/10/01/2024/novosti-iz-regije/najave-jazeera-i-kuwait-povecavaju-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[LOT Polish Airlines]]| [[Warsaw Chopin Airport|Warsaw-Chopin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: LOT više letova za Ljubljanu i Sarajevo ove zime |url=https://zamaaero.com/03/10/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-lot-vise-letova-za-ljubljanu-i-sarajevo-ove-zime/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[Lufthansa]]|[[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: Lufthansa povećava letove za Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/31/12/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-lufthansa-povecava-letove-za-sarajevo-2/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

| [[Nile Air]] | '''Seasonal charter: '''[[Hurghada International Airport|Hurghada]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fibula.ba/charter/egipat/hurghada/hurghada/pickalbatros-dana-beach-resort-hurghada--719676|title=Paket Pickalbatros Dana Beach Resort Hurghada - Hurghada - Hurghada | Fibula Air Travel|website=www.fibula.ba}}</ref>

|[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2024/12/norwegian-schedules-new-sarajevo-and.html|title=Norwegian schedules new Sarajevo and Split service|date=6 December 2024}}</ref> [[Oslo Airport, Gardermoen|Oslo]],<ref>{{Cite journal|author=|journal=OAG Flight Guide Worldwide|title=Oslo, Norway|date=August 2023|volume=25|issue=2|publisher=[[OAG (company)|OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited]]|publication-place=Luton, United Kingdom|issn=1466-8718|language=en|pages=807–814}}</ref><ref name="www.echoseven.net">{{Cite web|url=https://www.echoseven.net/norwegian-to-reintroduce-copenhagen-and-oslo-flights-from-sarajevo/|title=Norwegian to reintroduce Copenhagen and Oslo flights from Sarajevo - Echo Seven ∣ E7|access-date=12 October 2021|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406150329/https://www.echoseven.net/norwegian-to-reintroduce-copenhagen-and-oslo-flights-from-sarajevo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Stockholm–Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=|journal=OAG Flight Guide Worldwide|title=Stockholm, Sweden|date=August 2023|volume=25|issue=2|publisher=[[OAG (company)|OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited]]|publication-place=Luton, United Kingdom|issn=1466-8718|language=en|pages=1026–1033}}</ref><ref name="www.echoseven.net"/>

|[[Nouvelair]]|'''Seasonal charter:''' [[Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport|Monastir]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elitetravel.ba/tunis-2026/monastir/|title=Monastir - Elite Travel Sarajevo}}</ref>

|{{nowrap|[[Pegasus Airlines]]}}|[[Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen]]<ref name="OAG Flight Guide Worldwide">{{Cite journal|author=|journal=OAG Flight Guide Worldwide|title=November 2023|volume=25|issue=5|publisher=OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited|publication-place=Luton, United Kingdom|issn=1466-8718|language=en|pages=463–470}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2023/11/pegasus-to-launch-new-sarajevo-service.html|title = Pegasus to launch new Sarajevo service| date=6 November 2023 }}</ref>

|[[Ryanair]]| [[Orio al Serio International Airport|Bergamo]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2023">{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2023/11/ryanair-unveils-sarajevo-routes.html|title=Ryanair unveils Sarajevo routes|date=28 November 2023 }}</ref> [[Brussels South Charleroi Airport|Charleroi]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2023"/> [[Girona–Costa Brava Airport|Girona]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2025" /> [[Göteborg Landvetter Airport|Gothenburg]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2023"/> [[Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport|Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2025">{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2025/01/ryanair-to-launch-four-new-sarajevo.html|title=Ryanair unveils four new Sarajevo routes|date=8 January 2025}}</ref> [[London Stansted Airport|London–Stansted]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2023"/> [[Memmingen Airport|Memmingen]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2023"/> [[Stockholm–Arlanda Airport|Stockholm–Arlanda]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2024/09/ryanair-to-launch-new-sarajevo-and.html|title=Ryanair to launch new Sarajevo and Croatia flights|date=25 September 2024}}</ref> [[Weeze Airport|Weeze]]<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2025" /> '''Seasonal:''' [[Beauvais–Tillé Airport|Beauvais]],<ref name="www.exyuaviation.com2025" /> [[Thessaloniki Airport|Thessaloniki]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2024/01/ryanair-schedules-new-sarajevo-service.html|title=Ryanair schedules new Sarajevo service|date=3 January 2024}}</ref>

|{{nowrap|[[SalamAir]]}}| '''Seasonal:''' [[Muscat International Airport|Muscat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2025/05/salam-air-to-launch-sarajevo-service.html|title=Salam Air to launch Sarajevo service|publisher=exyuaviation.com|access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref>

|[[Scandinavian Airlines]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukidanja: SAS nakratko ukida Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/18/03/2026/novosti-iz-regije/ukidanja-sas-nakratko-ukida-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[SunExpress]]| [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: SunExpress ove zime za Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/27/10/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-sunexpress-ove-zime-za-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport|Izmir]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: SunExpressove linije za Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/11/12/2023/novosti-iz-regije/najave-sunexpressove-linije-za-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|{{nowrap|[[Swiss International Air Lines]]}}|[[Zürich Airport|Zürich]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Najave: Swiss povećao Sarajevo |url=https://zamaaero.com/24/07/2025/novosti-iz-regije/najave-swiss-povecao-sarajevo/ |website=Zamaaero |access-date=2026-04-13}}</ref>

|[[Transavia]]| '''Seasonal:''' [[Orly Airport|Paris–Orly]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2025/09/transavia-france-to-launch-sarajevo.html|title=Transavia France to launch Sarajevo service|website=exyuaviation.com|access-date=16 September 2025}}</ref>

|[[Turkish Airlines]]| [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]]<ref name="OAG Flight Guide Worldwide"/>

|[[Wizz Air]] | [[Rome Fiumicino Airport|Rome–Fiumicino]]<ref>{{OAGWorldMay2025Ref|title=Rome, Italy ROM|pages=965-972}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2024/07/wizz-air-to-launch-new-sarajevo-service.html|title=Wizz Air to launch new Sarajevo service|date=2 July 2024}}</ref> '''Seasonal:''' [[Luton Airport|London–Luton]]<ref>{{cite web | last=Aviation | first=EX-YU | title=Wizz Air to restore Sarajevo service | website=EX-YU Aviation News | date=12 November 2025 | url=https://www.exyuaviation.com/2025/11/wizz-air-to-restore-sarajevo-service.html | access-date=12 November 2025}}</ref>

}}

===Cargo===

{{Airport-dest-list

| [[DHL Aviation]]<ref>[https://aviationcargo.dhl.com/destinations-served aviationcargo.dhl.com - Destinations served] retrieved 22 August 2021</ref> | [[Marche Airport|Ancona]], [[Milan Malpensa Airport|Milan–Malpensa]], [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]]

}}


==Statistics==
===Traffic figures===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Passenger numbers<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/Page/Statistika |title=Statistika |work=Sarajevo Airport |access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref>
|-
!'''<big>Year/</big>'''
'''<big>Month</big>'''
! January
! February
! March
! April
! May
! June
! July
! August
! September
! October
! November
! December
! Year total
! Change
|-
|2026
|121,762
|110,164
|136,258
|177,186
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|'''545,370'''
|{{increase}}4.9%
|-
|2025
|116,283
|105,463
|112,056
|185,911
|197,260
|230,771
|292,574
|311,827
|221,966
|181,426
|137,953
|133,202
|'''2,226,692'''
|{{increase}}22.2%
|-
|2024
|77,454
|75,112
|82,926
|133,822
|151,152
|202,515
|269,161
|259,017
|188,040
|148,402
|123,146
|111,033
|'''1,821,762'''
|{{increase}}33.8%
|-
|2023
|61,068
|56,979
|76,193
|89,580
|115,976
|133,945
|196,195
|208,570
|144,013
|119,458
|83,139
|76,891
|'''1,362,007'''
|{{decrease}}1.1%
|-
| 2022
|56,521
|50,475
|70,292
|94,690
|132,590
|154,887
|210,954
|217,253
|143,824
|110,580
|68,243
|67,039
|'''1,377,348'''
|{{increase}}79.5%
|-
| 2021
|13,239
|10,836
|18,115
|17,106
|31,925
|71,985
|136,017
|151,309
|99,950
|84,462
|61,989
|70,200
| '''767,133'''
|{{increase}}207.2%
|-
| 2020
| 58,397
| 51,969
| 28,249
| 929
| 367
| 3,629
| 13,345
| 22,014
| 21,011
| 21,416
| 14,949
| 13,367
| '''249,642'''
| {{decrease}}78.2%
|-
| 2019
| 53,485
| 53,130
| 67,893
| 89,843
| 74,178
| 119,205
| 180,929
| 178,943
| 105,370
| 95,628
| 67,358
| 57,718
| '''1,143,680'''
| {{increase}}9.3%
|-
| 2018
| 54,113
| 48,986
| 65,991
| 86,995
| 81,026
| 92,997
| 159,380
| 159,506
| 98,227
| 83,660
| 62,253
| 53,417
| '''1,046,635'''
| {{increase}}9.2%
|-
| 2017
| 43,377
| 41,122
| 57,381
| 79,796
| 84,137
| 78,170
| 140,025
| 144,330
| 100,923
| 80,769
| 57,887
| 50,218
| '''957,971'''
| {{increase}}14.2%
|-
| 2016
| 41,208
| 42,567
| 53,438
| 68,085
| 85,738
| 66,429
| 109,141
| 118,350
| 91,123
| 71,360
| 47,352
| 44,183
| '''838,968'''
| {{increase}}8.5%
|-
| 2015
| 43,700
| 39,908
| 50,273
| 63,064
| 80,143
| 74,855
| 89,319
| 101,307
| 79,120
| 71,255
| 51,793
| 28,167
| '''772,904'''
| {{increase}}8.8%
|-
| 2014
| 36,114
| 35,435
| 45,789
| 56,611
| 71,513
| 74,976
| 74,948
| 88,591
| 71,168
| 64,844
| 46,833
| 43,079
| '''709,901'''
| {{increase}}6.6%
|-
| 2013
| 33,437
| 30,399
| 44,631
| 56,918
| 65,495
| 72,949
| 69,699
| 79,796
| 66,721
| 64,387
| 44,446
| 36,760
| '''665,638'''
| {{increase}}14.7%
|-
| 2012
| 33,247
| 26,278
| 36,765
| 49,709
| 55,107
| 62,491
| 69,346
| 60,787
| 60,323
| 52,115
| 38,612
| 35,278
| '''580,058'''
| {{decrease}}3.3%
|-
| 2011
| 30,484
| 34,148
| 40,803
| 49,489
| 56,812
| 62,994
| 81,042
| 59,042
| 59,074
| 52,957
| 39,785
| 33,348
| '''599,978'''
| {{increase}}6.5%
|-
| 2010
| 31,746
| 28,850
| 37,657
| 39,907
| 51,398
| 59,636
| 72,615
| 60,475
| 54,753
| 51,137
| 40,912
| 34,180
| '''563,266'''
| {{increase}}6.2%
|-
| 2009
| 28,117
| 27,266
| 33,909
| 41,390
| 45,921
| 57,588
| +
| +
| 177,762
| +
| +
| 121,427
| '''530,391'''
| {{increase}}4.7%
|-
| 2008
| 23,909
| 27,121
| 34,896
| 38,052
| 46,974
| 55,391
| 62,524
| 61,560
| 42,752
| 46,094
| 34,089
| 32,913
| '''506,398'''
| {{increase}}0.2%
|-
| 2007
| 32,235
| 28,028
| 35,168
| 42,297
| 43,633
| 53,281
| 59,436
| 57,381
| 45,113
| 43,980
| 31,952
| 32,735
| '''505,269'''
| {{increase}}8.4%
|}

=== Passengers, cargo and movements ===
{| class="wikitable"
!width="150"|Year
!width="150"|Passengers
!width="150"|Change
!width="150"|Aircraft movements
!width="150"|Change
!width="150"|Cargo (t)
!width="150"|Change
|-
|2002
|310,126
|{{decrease}}4.1%
|7,401
|{{increase}}%
|1,686
|{{increase}}%
|-
|2003
|364,512
|{{increase}}17.5%
|9,877
|{{increase}}33.4%
|1,648
|{{decrease}}2.2%
|-
|2004
|399,607
|{{increase}}11%
|9,982
|{{increase}}1.0%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|2005
|433,222
|{{increase}}8.4%
|11,309
|{{increase}}13.2%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|2006
|455,626
|{{increase}}5.1%
|13,433
|{{increase}}18.7%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|2007
|496,756
|{{increase}}9.0%
|13,891
|{{increase}}3.4%
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|2008
|510,396
|{{increase}}2.7%
|13,599
|{{decrease}}2.1%
|1,837
|N/A
|-
|2009
|533,915
|{{increase}}4.7%
|13,824
|{{increase}}1.6%
|1,815
|{{decrease}}1.1%
|-
|2010
|563,266
|{{increase}}6.2%
|13,347
|{{decrease}}3.4%
|1,753
|{{decrease}}3.4%
|-
|2011
|599,978
|{{increase}}6.5%
|11,633
|{{decrease}}12.8%
|1,607
|{{decrease}}8.3%
|-
|2012
|580,058
|{{decrease}}3.3%
|10,635
|{{decrease}}8.5%
|1,526
|{{decrease}}5.0%
|-
|2013
|665,638
|{{increase}}14.7%
|11,026
|{{increase}}3.6%
|1,603
|{{increase}}5.0%
|-
|2014
|709,901
|{{increase}}6.6%
|12,074
|{{increase}}9.5%
|2,060
|{{increase}}28.5%
|-
|2015
|772,904
|{{increase}}8.8%
|11,107
|{{decrease}}8.0%
|4,235
|{{increase}}105.5%
|-
|2016
|838,966
|{{increase}}8.5%
|11,399
|{{increase}}2.6%
|2,865
|{{decrease}}32.3%
|-
|2017
|957,971
|{{increase}}14.2%
|12,773
|{{increase}}12.0%
|2,957
|{{increase}}3.2%
|-
|2018
|1,046,635
|{{increase}}9.2%
|13,432
|{{increase}}5.1%
|2,508
|{{decrease}}15.1%
|-
|2019
|1,143,680
|{{increase}}9,3%
|13,671
|{{increase}}1.8%
|2,523
|{{increase}}0.6%
|-
|2020
|249,642
|{{decrease}}78.1%
|5,896
|{{decrease}}56.8%
|2,461
|{{decrease}}2.4%
|-
|2021
|767,133
|{{increase}}207.2%
|11,467
|{{increase}}94.4%
|2,249
|{{decrease}}8.7%
|-
| colspan=7 align="center"| ''Source:''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/Dokumenti/Dokument/b1b47b7a-42cb-4312-a69e-0bd5f3f8d394 |title=Monthly pax flow|website=Sarajevo International Airport}}</ref>
|}

=== Busiest routes ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Top 15 busiest routes from Sarajevo in 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/avia_par_ba__custom_18366778/default/table|title=Air passenger transport routes between partner airports and main airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina|access-date=11 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
! Rank
! Airport
! Passengers
! Airlines
|-
| 1
| [[Istanbul Airport|Istanbul]]
| 233,331
| [[Turkish Airlines]]
|-
| 2
| [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport|Sabiha Gökçen]]
| 229,414
| [[AJet]], [[Pegasus Airlines]]
|-
| 3
| [[Vienna Airport|Vienna]]
| 166,057
| [[Austrian Airlines]]
|-
| 4
| [[Frankfurt Airport|Frankfurt]]
| 104,842
| [[Lufthansa]]
|-
| 5
| [[Abu Dhabi Airport|Abu Dhabi]]
| 98,124
| Wizz Air
|-
| 6
| [[Dubai Airport|Dubai]]
| 73,390
| [[Flydubai]]
|-
| 7
| [[Zagreb Airport|Zagreb]]
| 53,187
| [[Croatia Airlines]]
|-
| 8
| [[Antalya Airport|Antalya]]
| 47,938
| [[Pegasus Airlines]], [[SunExpress]]
|-
| 9
| [[Belgrade Airport|Belgrade]]
| 39,855
| [[Air Serbia]]
|-
| 10
| [[Zurich Airport|Zurich]]
| 38,743
| [[Swiss International Air Lines]]
|-
| 11
| [[Kuwait Airport|Kuwait City]]
| 36,321
| [[Kuwait Airways]]
|-
| 12
| [[Cologne/Bonn Airport|Cologne/Bonn]]
| 35,417
| [[Eurowings]]
|-
| 13
| [[Riyadh Airport|Riyadh]]
| 34,830
|
|-
| 14
| [[Stuttgart Airport|Stuttgart]]
| 23,471
| [[Eurowings]]
|-
| 15
| [[Jeddah Airport|Jeddah]]
| 22,421
| [[Flynas]]
|}

==Transport==
===By car===
Sarajevo Airport is connected to the [[Sarajevo]]–[[Zenica]]–[[Mostar]] highway ([[A1 (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|A1]]) via the nearby [[Stup Interchange]] and Briješće Interchange.

The airport is accessible by taxi and private vehicles, with a dedicated drop-off and pick-up area in front of Terminal B. Multiple [[car rental]] companies operate directly at the airport, offering vehicles for short-term and long-term rental. Parking facilities include both short-term and long-term parking lots, as well as designated spaces for premium and disabled passengers. Traffic signage is well-marked, and the journey from Sarajevo city center typically takes about 20–25 minutes under normal traffic conditions.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===By bus and public transport===
Regular city bus services connect Sarajevo Airport with the city center. Bus line 200E operates between the airport and [[Sarajevo]] central areas, including key locations such as the [[Stari Grad, Sarajevo|Old Town]] and the main bus terminal. Buses run at intervals of approximately 30–60 minutes, depending on the day and time. Tickets can be purchased onboard or at designated kiosks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centrotrans.com/uimages/odrzavanje/08082016_NEWS_1_BIG.jpg|format=JPG|title=Timetable: Airport-City Center|website=Centrotrans.com|access-date=24 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916155732/http://www.centrotrans.com/uimages/odrzavanje/08082016_NEWS_1_BIG.jpg|archive-date=16 September 2016}}</ref>

===Taxi and shuttle services===
Taxis are available outside Terminal B. Licensed airport taxis offer fixed rates to major parts of Sarajevo. Several shuttle services and hotel transfer options are also available, which can be booked in advance.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

=== Rent a car ===
[[File:Car rental kiosks at Sarajevo airport.jpg|thumb|Car rental kiosks at Sarajevo Airport]]
Numerous car rental agencies operate at Sarajevo Airport, enabling passengers to rent a vehicle immediately upon arrival. These services offer a variety of vehicles for business travelers and tourists visiting Sarajevo and other destinations across Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additional information about car rental services at the airport can be found on the official local website.{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===By trolleybus===
The airport is connected with Sarajevo's city center with trolleybus number 103, operated by the GRAS transport company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gettocenter.com/airport/SJJ-Sarajevo-International-Airport|title=How to get from Sarajevo International Airport|website=Gettocenter.com|access-date=11 March 2018}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==
*18 January 1977: [[Džemal Bijedić]], then prime minister of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], and his wife were among the eight people killed when their [[Learjet 25]] crashed on the Inač mountain near [[Kreševo]], Bosnia and Herzegovina. The plane took off from [[Batajnica Air Base]] in Belgrade and was en route to Sarajevo when it crashed, ostensibly due to poor weather conditions. Conspiracy theorists have suggested that the crash was not an accident but rather the result of foul play at the hands of his rivals.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 January 2020|title=One of the greatest Politicians in Bosnia-Herzegovina Dzemal Bijedic died on this Day|url=https://www.sarajevotimes.com/one-of-the-greatest-politicians-in-bosnia-herzegovina-dzemal-bijedic-died-on-this-day/|access-date=27 August 2020|website=Sarajevo Times|language=en-US}}</ref>
*31 December 1994: A Belair [[Ilyushin Il-76|Ilyushin-76TD]] cargo plane, registration EW-76836, was operating on a flight from Luxembourg to Sarajevo on behalf of the United Nations. At the time of landing at Sarajevo airport, the runway was flooded and the aircraft overran the runway and struck a ditch with the nose gear. There were no fatalities among the 11 people on board, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19941231-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin 76TD EW-76836 Sarajevo Airport (SJJ)|author=Harro Ranter|date=31 December 1994|website=Aviation-safety.net|access-date=6 June 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[Tuzla International Airport]]
* [[Mostar International Airport]]
* [[Banja Luka International Airport]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|Sarajevo International Airport}}
* [http://www.sarajevo-airport.ba/?lang=eng Official website]
* [http://www.khl.com/news/detail/item55324/Sarajevo-International-Airport-upgrade/ Sarajevo International Airport upgrade 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508035043/http://www.khl.com/news/detail/item55324/Sarajevo-International-Airport-upgrade/ |date=8 May 2016 }}
* {{NWS-current|LQSA}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024142100/http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=SJJ Accident history for SJJ] at [[Aviation Safety Network]]

{{Portal bar|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Aviation}}
{{Airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Sarajevo}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Airports in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Airports established in 1969]]
[[Category:Transport in Sarajevo]]
[[Category:Grad Sarajevo]]
[[Category:Ilidža]]
[[Category:1969 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

Aruppukottai Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T04:35:26Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Info

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Aruppukottai
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 207
| map_image = Constitution-Aruppukkottai.svg
| mla = [[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| latest_election_year = 2021
| loksabha_cons = [[Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency|Virudhunagar]]
| established = 1951
| electors = 207,750
}}
'''Aruppukottai''' is a legislative assembly in [[Virudhunagar district]], which includes the city, [[Aruppukkottai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref> It is a part of [[Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. This is the constituency, held by popular actor-turned politician, [[M. G. Ramachandran]], when he first became Chief Minister in the [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1977 assembly elections]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

The Chettiyar (all kinds - mostly chettiyar) community is the biggest community in this constituency with around 23% population.

The population of other communities are: 15% Devendrakula Velalar, 8% Naidus,6% kambalthu nayakkar,14% Saliyar, 5% Nadar, 10% Mutharaiyar, Maravar 6%, Agamudaiyar 2%, 5% Reddy, 2% Konar, 2% Pillaimar and muslims 2%.

In the 2021 MLA election, the DMK party's Reddy candidate K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran won, and became the minister of Revenue and Disaster Management.

==History==
Until the 2006 election, Aruppukottai Assembly constituency was part of [[Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since the 2006 election, it has been part of [[Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Year
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Jayarama Reddiar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[M. D. Ramasami]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[T. Kadambavana Sundaram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[S. S. Bharathi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable" width="50%"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Assembly
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Duration
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fifth]]
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]-1977
| [[Sowdi Sundara Bharathi]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixth]]
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]-1980
| [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Seventh]]
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]-1984
| rowspan=2|[[M. Pitchai]]
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eighth]]
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]-1989
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Ninth]]
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]-1991
| [[V. Thangapandian]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Tenth]]
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]-1996
| [[V. G. Manimeghalai]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eleventh]]
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]-1998
| V. Thangapandian
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu assembly by-election, 1997/98|1998]]-2001
| [[Thangam Thenarasu]]
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Twelfth]]
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]-2006
| [[K. K. Sivasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Thirteenth]]
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]-2011
| Thangam Thennarusu
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Fourteenth]]
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]-2016
| [[Vaigaichelvan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Fifteenth]]
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]-2021
| rowspan=2|[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Sixteenth]]
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]-[[Incumbent]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2026|2026]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|36.49}}
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.41}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.07}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|43.70}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|58.91}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.59}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.32}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.23}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|All India Forward Bloc}}|56.67}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Swatantra Party}}|54.68}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.54}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|55.13}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.27}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Sattur Ramachandran|K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes= 65,104 |percentage= 36.49 |change= {{decrease}} 16.69}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Karthik Kumar |party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=60,161 |percentage= 33.72 |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= S. Sethupathy|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= 37,190 |percentage= 20.84 |change= {{decrease}} 9.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Mani Maaran |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= 8,499 |percentage= 4.76 |change= {{decrease}} 2.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= 692 |percentage= 0.39|change= {{decrease}} 0.38}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 4,943 |percentage= 2.77 |change= {{decrease}} 20.03}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= 178,413 |percentage= 86.40|change={{increase}} 9.91}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 206497|change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|swing= {{decrease}} 20.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=91,040 |percentage=53.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Vaigaichelvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,006 |percentage=30.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uma |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=12,392 |percentage=7.24% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. Umadevi |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=7,638 |percentage=4.46% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=R. Ramesh |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,532 |percentage=1.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=1,323 |percentage=0.77% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=39,034 |percentage=22.80% |change=11.85% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=171,201 |percentage=76.49% |change= -2.68% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 223,820 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.77% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=81,485 |percentage=49.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Vaigaichelvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=63,431 |percentage=38.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Senthil Kumar. S |party=Communist Party of India |votes=9,817 |percentage=5.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vetrivel. R |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,223 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=None Of The Above |party=None of the above |votes=2,509 |percentage=1.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nagendran. |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=1,404 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Aravindkumar. D |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=817 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lingappandi. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=699 |percentage=0.42% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundarraj. I |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=388 |percentage=0.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Muthumariappan. M. |party=Independent politician |votes=262 |percentage=0.16% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vijayakumar. G. |party=Independent politician |votes=225 |percentage=0.14% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,054 |percentage=10.95% |change=3.84% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=164,909 |percentage=79.17% |change= -4.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 208,309 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.74% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Vaigaichelvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=76,546 |percentage=51.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=65,908 |percentage=44.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vetrivel. R |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,966 |percentage=1.31% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jegan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,009 |percentage=0.67% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Nagarajan. K |party=Independent politician |votes=747 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kalaiselvan. S |party=Independent politician |votes=696 |percentage=0.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kandasamy. K |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=640 |percentage=0.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugan. R |party=Independent politician |votes=445 |percentage=0.30% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Perumalsamy. S |party=Independent politician |votes=378 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivasubramanian. M |party=Independent politician |votes=325 |percentage=0.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ganesan. P |party=Independent politician |votes=230 |percentage=0.15% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,638 |percentage=7.11% |change=0.00% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=179,531 |percentage=83.35% |change= 11.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,637 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.28% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Thangam Thenarasu]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,002 |percentage=44.88% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugan. K |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,768 |percentage=37.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bharathi Thasan. A |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=13,836 |percentage=11.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Krishna Ghandhi. P. |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=2,234 |percentage=1.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chella Durai Pandian. E |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,193 |percentage=1.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Mannan. K |party=Independent politician |votes=665 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Maruthupandi. R |party=Independent politician |votes=472 |percentage=0.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Samyraj. A |party=Independent politician |votes=461 |percentage=0.40% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periyasamy. A. |party=Independent politician |votes=370 |percentage=0.32% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppaiah. V. |party=Independent politician |votes=325 |percentage=0.28% |change=''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kanniah Thevar. M |party=Independent politician |votes=295 |percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,234 |percentage=7.11% |change=1.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=115,875 |percentage=71.66% |change= 9.32% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 161,711 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.19% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. K. Sivasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,307 |percentage=46.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Thangam Thenarasu]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,155 |percentage=40.32% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmuga Sundaram R. M. |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=10,558 |percentage=9.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Venkatesan A |party=Independent politician |votes=960 |percentage=0.90% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Rajagopalan R |party=Independent politician |votes=822 |percentage=0.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Regunathan C |party=Independent politician |votes=775 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugan S |party=Independent politician |votes=622 |percentage=0.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Murugan R |party=Independent politician |votes=255 |percentage=0.24% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmugavel K |party=Independent politician |votes=162 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periasamy A |party=Independent politician |votes=157 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Subramanian R |party=Independent politician |votes=141 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,152 |percentage=5.75% |change=-10.11% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=107,026 |percentage=62.33% |change= -5.97% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,719 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.37% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1997-1998 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1997–98 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by-elections]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[Thangam Thenarasu]]
|votes = 40,223
|percentage = 36.5%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = V.S. Panchavarnam
|votes = 38,272
|percentage = 89.40

|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Puthiya Tamizhagam
|candidate = P.T. Manickam
|votes = 12,484
|percentage = 11.3%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = K. Palaniswamy
|votes = 9,525
|percentage = 8.6%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = K. Chandran
|votes = 1,329
|percentage = 1.2%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,951
|percentage = 1.8%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 110,183
|percentage = 65.9%
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Thangapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=45,081 |percentage=43.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundarapandian. K. |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,716 |percentage=27.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmugasundaram. R. M. |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,987 |percentage=16.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinnakaruppan. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=9,565 |percentage=9.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Perumal. V. |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=1,077 |percentage=1.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivasamy. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=260 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kanthirajan. K. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=201 |percentage=0.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periasamy Pannai. S. |party=Independent politician |votes=148 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Athimoolam. V. |party=Independent politician |votes=146 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veeran. A. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=132 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sundarasu. T |party=Independent politician |votes=116 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,365 |percentage=15.86% |change=-4.73% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=103,165 |percentage=68.31% |change= 4.94% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 159,117 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -15.21% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. G. Manimeghalai]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=56,985 |percentage=58.91% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shanmuga Sundaram R. M. |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,066 |percentage=38.32% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppiah C. |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,350 |percentage=1.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppanan C. |party=Independent politician |votes=289 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sathasivam M. |party=Independent politician |votes=216 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balasubramani R. |party=Independent politician |votes=162 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pandiperumal E. |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes=160 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Balamurugan K. |party=Independent politician |votes=125 |percentage=0.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kanakkan M. |party=Independent politician |votes=96 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Periyasamy S. |party=Independent politician |votes=71 |percentage=0.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thanikkodi E. |party=Independent politician |votes=67 |percentage=0.07% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,919 |percentage=20.59% |change=4.86% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=96,730 |percentage=63.37% |change= -7.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 157,995 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 13.32% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Thangapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=44,990 |percentage=45.59% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Panchavarnam. V. S. M |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=29,467 |percentage=29.86% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chelliah. R. M |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,466 |percentage=18.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Perumal. A. R. M |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=3,521 |percentage=3.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Dhanushokodi. L. M |party=Independent politician |votes=419 |percentage=0.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramaraj. K. R. M |party=Independent politician |votes=286 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raju. C. M |party=Independent politician |votes=246 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Alaguraj. A. M |party=Independent politician |votes=212 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sami. E. V. M |party=Independent politician |votes=176 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Velchami. R. S. M |party=Independent politician |votes=123 |percentage=0.12% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palani. K. M |party=Independent politician |votes=103 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,523 |percentage=15.73% |change=11.82% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=98,688 |percentage=70.76% |change= -3.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 141,982 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Pitchai]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,839 |percentage=45.32% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Thangapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,405 |percentage=41.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. Pandiperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=10,809 |percentage=12.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palan Kudumbar |party=Independent politician |votes=403 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Ganesa Nadar |party=Independent politician |votes=292 |percentage=0.33% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=152 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,434 |percentage=3.91% |change=-10.82% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=87,900 |percentage=74.16% |change= 5.44% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 123,905 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.35% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Pitchai]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,589 |percentage=53.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Thangapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=30,904 |percentage=38.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppiah. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=4,742 |percentage=5.98% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palani Kudumbar. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=507 |percentage=0.64% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karalan. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=318 |percentage=0.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jawahar. K. |party=Independent politician |votes=157 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramasamy. P. |party=Independent politician |votes=130 |percentage=0.16% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,685 |percentage=14.73% |change=-23.64% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=79,347 |percentage=68.72% |change= -0.19% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,985 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.56% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. G. Ramachandran]] (Chief Minister) |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,065 |percentage=56.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muthuvel Servai |party=Janata Party |votes=13,687 |percentage=17.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sivasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,075 |percentage=15.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S.M. Bose |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,415 |percentage=7.07% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Seenivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=645 |percentage=0.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Fitchai |party=Independent politician |votes=550 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Chidambaram |party=Independent politician |votes=355 |percentage=0.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V.T.R. Veerappa Gownder |party=Independent politician |votes=276 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Muthuramalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=202 |percentage=0.26% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Palani Kundumban |party=Independent politician |votes=164 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Jawahar |party=Independent politician |votes=76 |percentage=0.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,378 |percentage=38.36% |change=24.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=76,582 |percentage=68.91% |change= -8.04% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 112,763 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Forward Bloc |swing= -0.43% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sowdi Sundara Bharathi]] |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=37,021 |percentage=56.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Veerasamy M. |party=Swatantra Party |votes=27,908 |percentage=42.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Senthooranathan S. |party=Independent politician |votes=403 |percentage=0.62% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,113 |percentage=13.95% |change=-0.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,332 |percentage=76.95% |change= -3.82% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,706 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Forward Bloc |loser=Swatantra Party |swing= 1.99% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. S. Bharathi]] |party=Swatantra Party |votes=34,153 |percentage=54.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. K. Sundarm |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,012 |percentage=40.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. A. Naicker |party=Independent politician |votes=984 |percentage=1.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ramadoss |party=Independent politician |votes=851 |percentage=1.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Sundararajan |party=Independent politician |votes=633 |percentage=1.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Subramaniam |party=Independent politician |votes=480 |percentage=0.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Muthuchamy |party=Independent politician |votes=352 |percentage=0.56% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,141 |percentage=14.63% |change=3.89% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,465 |percentage=80.77% |change= 0.55% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,866 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Swatantra Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 0.13% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title=[[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |title=1962 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Kadambavana Sundaram]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=35,597 |percentage=54.54% |change= +9.67%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sowdi Sundara Bharathi|S. Sowdi Sundara Bharathi]] |party= All India Forward Bloc|votes=28,583 |percentage=43.80% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. C. Arumugam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,084 |percentage=1.66% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,014 |percentage=10.75% |change=0.48% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,264 |percentage=80.22% |change= 8.02% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,282 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -0.59% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. D. Ramasami]] |party=Independent politician |votes=31,765 |percentage=55.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. V. Thiruppathi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,849 |percentage=44.87% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,916 |percentage=10.27% |change=4.42% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,614 |percentage=72.20% |change= 2.09% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,794 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 6.86% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Aruppukottai<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Jayarama Reddiar]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,521 |percentage=48.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. D. Ramaswami |party=Independent politician |votes=22,427 |percentage=42.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ethiraju |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=1,594 |percentage=3.01% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kadambiah Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,569 |percentage=2.97% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. E. S. Somasundaram Chattiar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,313 |percentage=2.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Swami Gounder |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=0.84% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,094 |percentage=5.85% |change=5.85% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,870 |percentage=70.11% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 75,411 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|9.51|N|78.1|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Virudhunagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Dhruba Saha

2026-05-06T16:45:27Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dhruba Saha
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2026
| constituency = [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]]
| predecessor = [[Asish Banerjee]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| profession = Politician
}}

'''Dhruba Saha''' is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] representing [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhruba Saha(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RAMPURHAT(BIRBHUM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=309 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Saha won the [[Rampurhat Assembly constituency|Rampurhat]] seat in the [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He received 1,11,920 votes and defeats [[Asish Banerjee]] of the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] by a margin of 24,233 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhruba Saha (BJP) Candidate from RAMPURHAT Constituency, Dhruba Saha Political Career, Age, Education, Election Result 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/west-bengal/candidate-dhruba-saha-10776 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhruba Saha, RAMPURHAT constituency, BJP, WestBengal Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/WestBengal2026/dhruba-saha-309/ |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saha, Dhruba}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

Ajai P Mangattu

2026-05-02T05:54:38Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up Page

{{Short description|Indian writer}}
{{Orphan|date=June 2024}}

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= March 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ajai P Mangattu
| image = Ajay p mangatt.jpg
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Idukki]], [[Kerala]], India
| occupation = Novelist, [[short story writer]], columnist
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]]
| nationality = Indian
| spouse = Manju
| children = Vajra and son Ameya
| notableworks = Susannayude Grandhappura (Susannah's house of books) – novel
| awards =
| yearsactive = 1998 – present
}}

'''Ajai P Mangattu''' is a writer in Malayalam, from Kerala, India. He is a novelist, literary critic and journalist. He lives in Kochi with his wife Manju, daughter Vajra and son Ameya. He was born in 1972 in a small mountainous village in Idukki district Kerala. His parental home is situated at Vellathooval, close to Munnar. It was a farming community, who migrated from lower lands. His father Pakhrudheen, who was a newspaper agent for three decades, had run a bakery at Vellathooval and Ajai's mother Meera worked at home. He was the eldest of three children. The other two a brother and sister both now settled at Adimali, a town near to Vellathooval. He completed his school education at Vellathooval GHS (now GHSS) and after the SSC, went to Moolamattom St Joseph's College where he completed his Pre degree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2019/11/13/list-of-books-read-by-ajai-p-mangattu.html|title=എത്ര പുസ്തകം ഓർമയിലുണ്ട് !|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemapopcorn.in/2019/05/10/soosannayude-grandhapura/|title=അത്രയ്ക്കും സൗന്ദര്യമുള്ള ഒരു ലോകമാണീ കൃതിയിലുള്ളത്|date=10 May 2019}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/latest-news/kerala-news/writer-ajai-p-mangattu-on-his-reading-in-kerala-literature-festival-2020/articleshow/73299262.cms|title=വായന ഉപേക്ഷിക്കാന്‍ തയ്യാറെന്ന് അജയ് പി മങ്ങാട്ട് ! ആരും വായിക്കാത്ത നോവലിനെ സോഷ്യല്‍ മീഡിയ ചര്‍ച്ചയാക്കി!|website=Malayalam}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lifeglint.com/content/books/140321/my-first-wife-review-by-ajai-p-mangattu|title=വിവാഹമെന്ന വിഷം കുടിച്ചവന്റെ കഥ | Life Glint | The Clarity Portal|website=www.lifeglint.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecue.in/books/2020/03/14/ajai-p-mangattu-interview-by-abhilash-melethil|title=അജയ് പി മങ്ങാട്ട് അഭിമുഖം: വായനക്കാരുടെ ഇന്റിലിജൻസിൽ ഞാൻ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നു|first1=അഭിലാഷ് മേലേതില്‍|last1=March 14|first2=2020 at 3:10|last2=PM|website=www.thecue.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/within-3-months-of-publishing-10th-edition-of-soosannayude-grandhappura-to-be-out--1.4220023|title=Within 3 months of publishing, 10th edition of 'Soosannayude Grandhappura' to be out|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031101609/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/within-3-months-of-publishing-10th-edition-of-soosannayude-grandhappura-to-be-out--1.4220023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2019/12/19/malayalam-literary-roundup-2019.html|title=പുതിയ രണ്ടു നോവലിസ്റ്റുകൾ സ്വന്തമാക്കിയ 2019|website=ManoramaOnline|language=ml}}</ref>

==Career==

He studied B A at [[Mar Athanasius College]], [[Kothamangalam]] and M A in English language and Literature at [[Maharaja's College, Ernakulam]] later took a PG Diploma in Journalism and Communication from [[Kerala Media Academy]] In 1998, Ajai joined [[Malayala Manorama]] as a Sub editor trainee. Presently he is Assistant Editor with the same media house. Ajai has been writing literary prose and critical studies in major journals and magazines in Malayalam for the last 25 years and he has published books on various subjects. He wrote a biography on [[Noam Chomsky]], his first published book, his first collection essays followed. He translated Gail Omvedt 's book on the life of [[Ambedkar]] into Malayalam and Derrida's Islam and West. He co translated Elif Shafak's novel Forty Rules of love, which is forthcoming His first novel Susannayude Grandhapura published in 2019 and sold 15 editions in less than 9 months.

==Literary works==
* ''Susanna's Granthapura'' [= Susanna's house of book; original title in Malayalam: ''Sūsannayuṭe granthappura''], a novel, translated by Catherine Thankamma. Gurugram, Haryana, India : Penguin/Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House, 2023.
*It 's not the End of the World - literary essays
*The freedom of Birds- essays
*A Chronicle of Solitude- a biography of Gabriel Garcia Marquez
*Noam Chomsky: An Intellectual
*Biography B R Ambedkar: Towards an Enlightened India-Gail
*Omvedt - Translation Night by Elie Wiesel - Translation Islam and West by Derrida - translation

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2019/11/13/list-of-books-read-by-ajai-p-mangattu.html എത്ര പുസ്തകം ഓർമയിലുണ്ട് !]
* [https://www.cinemapopcorn.in/2019/05/10/soosannayude-grandhapura/ അത്രയ്ക്കും സൗന്ദര്യമുള്ള ഒരു ലോകമാണീ കൃതിയിലുള്ളത്]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://malayalam.samayam.com/latest-news/kerala-news/writer-ajai-p-mangattu-on-his-reading-in-kerala-literature-festival-2020/articleshow/73299262.cms വായന ഉപേക്ഷിക്കാന്‍ തയ്യാറെന്ന് അജയ് പി മങ്ങാട്ട് ! ആരും വായിക്കാത്ത നോവലിനെ സോഷ്യല്‍ മീഡിയ ചര്‍ച്ചയാക്കി!]
* [https://www.lifeglint.com/content/books/140321/my-first-wife-review-by-ajai-p-mangattu വിവാഹമെന്ന വിഷം കുടിച്ചവന്റെ കഥ | Life Glint | The Clarity Portal]
* [https://www.thecue.in/books/2020/03/14/ajai-p-mangattu-interview-by-abhilash-melethil അജയ് പി മങ്ങാട്ട് അഭിമുഖം: വായനക്കാരുടെ ഇന്റിലിജൻസിൽ ഞാൻ വിശ്വസിക്കുന്നു]
* [https://www.keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTY1OQ== Ajai P Mangattu- Speaker in Kerala literature Festival KLF –2020| Keralaliteraturefestival.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126141220/http://keralaliteraturefestival.com/speakers_more.aspx?id=MTY1OQ== |date=26 January 2020 }}
* [https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/author/ajai-p-mangattu/ Ajai P Mangattu, Author at Indian Express Malayalam]
* [https://www.myview-forum.com/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86-%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0/ സൂസന്നയുടെ ഗ്രന്ഥപ്പുര – My View Forum]{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.azhimukham.com/literature-pottalile-idavazhikal-novel-part-2-by-abhilash-melethil-a-note-by-ajay-p-mangattu/ ചരിത്ര സന്ധിയിലെ കലാപകാലുഷ്യങ്ങള്‍; 'പൊറ്റാളിലെ ഇടവഴിക'ളെക്കുറിച്ച് അജയ് പി മങ്ങാട്ടിന്റെ കുറിപ്പ്‌]
* [http://103.251.43.202:8080/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=317264 Kerala State Central Library catalog › Details for: Lokam avasanikkunnilla /]
* [https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/within-3-months-of-publishing-10th-edition-of-soosannayude-grandhappura-to-be-out--1.4220023 Within 3 months of publishing, 10th edition of ‘Soosannayude Grandhappura’ to be out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031101609/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/books/books-news/within-3-months-of-publishing-10th-edition-of-soosannayude-grandhappura-to-be-out--1.4220023 |date=31 October 2019 }}
* [https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2019/12/19/malayalam-literary-roundup-2019.html പുതിയ രണ്ടു നോവലിസ്റ്റുകൾ സ്വന്തമാക്കിയ 2019]
* [https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/book-reviews/susannayude-granthappura-ajay-p-mangattu-mathrubhumi-books-bestseller-1.4635880 പൊട്ടുതൊടാത്ത സൂസന്നയുടെ നിഗൂഢതകള്‍ അലിയ്ക്കറിയാമായിരുന്നോ?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331135812/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/book-reviews/susannayude-granthappura-ajay-p-mangattu-mathrubhumi-books-bestseller-1.4635880 |date=31 March 2020 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangattu, P Ajai}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Writers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam short story writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, alumni]]
[[Category:1972 births]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]

Athner

2026-05-01T15:23:29Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up A Info

{{Short description|Town in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{moresources|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Athner
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_relief=yes
| coordinates = {{coord|21.62|N|77.92|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type5 = Ward
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Betul district|Betul]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Narmadapuram division|Narmadapur Division]]
| subdivision_name5 = 15 wards
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Nagar parishad panchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| population_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 25,915
| population_density_km2 = 3192
| population_as_of = 2024
| registration_plate = MP 48
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| blank3_name_sec2 = Literacy Rate (2011)
| blank3_info_sec2 = 85.64%
| postal_code = 460110
}}
'''Athner''' is a [[nagar parishad]] located in [[Betul District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betul.nic.in/en/public-utility-category/municipality/|title=Municipalities | District Betul, Government of Madhaya Pradesh | India}}</ref>

==Boundaries==
[[File:Map of Multai.gif|thumb|Betul district map]]

[[Betul district|Betul]] (35 km), [[Multai]] (48 km), [[Bhainsdehi]] (32 km), and [[Amla, Madhya Pradesh|Amla]] (57 km), are the closest cities to Athner.

Khapa (6 KM), gunkhed (3 KM), dhamori (3 KM), gujarmal (4 KM), yenkheda (5 KM) are the nearby Villages to athner.

Athner is surrounded by Prabhat Pattan Tehsil towards east, Bhinsdhi Tehsil towards west, betul Tehsil towards north, amravati Tehsil towards South .
==Demographics==
Athner has a population of 25,915, of which 12,991 are male and 12,924 are female, per the [[2011 Indian census|2011 census]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802334-athner-madhya-pradesh.html|title=Athner Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2024 | Madhya Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Athner town (2011)<ref name="icssr.org">[http://www.icssr.org/Baseline%20Survey%20of%20Bhopal%20District.pdf Baseline Survey of Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903030135/http://www.icssr.org/Baseline%20Survey%20of%20Bhopal%20District.pdf |date=3 September 2013 }} Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India (2012)</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|82.22}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|17.00}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|crimson|0.46}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|blue|0.01}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|gold|0.09}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.16}}|captionPopulation % by religion; †Includes [[Sikh]]s
}}

==Transport==

===Roadways===

Athner city is well connected through road routes that connects various major cities of Madhya Pradesh and other states. Athner is located on multai – Benshdhi state Highway Political capital [[Bhopal]] and financial capital [[Indore]] and Cultural Capital [[jabalpur]] and
The Orange City [[nagpur]] and [[amravati]] are about 214 km and 306 km and 355 km and 170 km and 120 kmfrom athner respectively.

===Railways===

Athner doesn't have railway station. The nearest railway station is [[betul railway station]] betul which is 35 km from athner.

===Airways===

Athner doesn't have airport. The nearest airport is [[Raja Bhoj Airport]] Bhopal which is 214 km from Harda and [[Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport]] Indore which is 306 km from athner.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = athner, Madhya Pradesh (1981–2010, extremes 1948–2012)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 34.9
| Feb record high C = 37.8
| Mar record high C = 42.3
| Apr record high C = 43.7
| May record high C = 48.0
| Jun record high C = 44.5
| Jul record high C = 38.6
| Aug record high C = 33.6
| Sep record high C = 35.5
| Oct record high C = 36.8
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 32.7
| year record high C = 48.0
| Jan high C = 27.4
| Feb high C = 30.1
| Mar high C = 34.6
| Apr high C = 38.7
| May high C = 40.3
| Jun high C = 35.7
| Jul high C = 29.2
| Aug high C = 27.6
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 31.1
| Nov high C = 29.1
| Dec high C = 27.8
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 18.9
| Feb mean C = 21.0
| Mar mean C = 25.3
| Apr mean C = 29.7
| May mean C = 32.5
| Jun mean C = 30.0
| Jul mean C = 25.8
| Aug mean C = 24.7
| Sep mean C = 25.4
| Oct mean C = 24.2
| Nov mean C = 21.2
| Dec mean C = 19.0

| Jan low C = 10.5
| Feb low C = 11.9
| Mar low C = 16.1
| Apr low C = 20.6
| May low C = 24.7
| Jun low C = 24.4
| Jul low C = 22.5
| Aug low C = 21.8
| Sep low C = 21.1
| Oct low C = 17.3
| Nov low C = 13.4
| Dec low C = 10.2
| year low C =
| Jan record low C = -0.2
| Feb record low C = 1.1
| Mar record low C = 2.3
| Apr record low C = 10.6
| May record low C = 16.6
| Jun record low C = 14.9
| Jul record low C = 14.5
| Aug record low C = 13.1
| Sep record low C = 10.5
| Oct record low C = 5.0
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = 1.3
| year record low C = -0.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.8
| Feb rain mm = 14.2
| Mar rain mm = 19.7
| Apr rain mm = 6.9
| May rain mm = 13.3
| Jun rain mm = 144.5
| Jul rain mm = 330.1
| Aug rain mm = 371.7
| Sep rain mm = 189.8
| Oct rain mm = 57.8
| Nov rain mm = 20.6
| Dec rain mm = 8.6
| year rain mm = 1191.0
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 1.5
| Mar rain days = 1.4
| Apr rain days = 0.7
| May rain days = 0.9
| Jun rain days = 8.0
| Jul rain days = 15.2
| Aug rain days = 15.5
| Sep rain days = 8.8
| Oct rain days = 3.2
| Nov rain days = 1.7
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 58.7
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 44
| Feb humidity = 34
| Mar humidity = 25
| Apr humidity = 20
| May humidity = 24
| Jun humidity = 53
| Jul humidity = 77
| Aug humidity = 84
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 60
| Nov humidity = 52
| Dec humidity = 47
| year humidity = 50
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: athner Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 123–124
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M115
| access-date = 28 December 2020}}</ref>
}}

== Geography ==
Athner is located at {{Coord|21.62|N|77.92|E}}, within the [[Satpura Range]] in the southern part of the district. It has an average elevation of {{convert|741|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Atner.html | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Atner, India }}</ref>

== Economy ==
Its people depend on farming and business. Wheat, maize and soybeans are the main crops.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

== Administration ==
Athner is a [[tehsil]] headquarter in Betul District, containing 98 villages.

It is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years.

It is divided into 8 subdivision whose names are as follows

1 vikas nagar

2 bhagwati nagar

3 gunwant nagar

4 gayatri nagar

5 azad nagar

6 shanti nagar

7 patal maholla

8 hanuman maholla

<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betul.nic.in/en/sub-division-and-tehshil/|title=Sub Division and Tehshil | District Betul, Government of Madhaya Pradesh | India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Narmadapuram Division}}

{{Betul district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Betul district]]

1957 Indian general election in Madras State

2026-04-30T13:21:52Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up Entry

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{For|State Assembly election|1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1957 Indian general election in Madras
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1951–52 Indian general election in Madras State
| previous_year = 1951
| next_election = Indian general election in Madras, 1962
| next_year = 1962
| election_date = {{Start date|1957|03|01|df=yes}}
| seats_for_election = 41 (of 494) seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| registered = 17,514,993
| turnout = 8,363,410 (47.75%) {{decrease}}5.23%
| image1 =
| leader1 = [[K. Kamaraj]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| leaders_seat1 = ''Did not contest''
| seats1 = '''31'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}5
| popular_vote1 = '''5,094,552'''
| percentage1 = '''46.52%'''
| swing1 = {{increase}}4.55%
| image2 =
| leader2 = [[M. Kalyanasundaram]]
| leaders_seat2 = ''Did not contest''
| party2 = Communist Party of India
| seats2 = 2
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
| popular_vote2 = 1,101,338
| percentage2 = 10.06%
| swing2 = {{increase}}5.09%
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse in Indien 1957.svg
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = [[1957 Indian general election]]
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
}}

The [[1957 Indian general election]] polls in [[Tamil Nadu]] were held for 34 seats in the state. The result was a victory for [[Indian National Congress]] winning 24 out of 34 seats. The major opposition for INC, the CPI, managed to only win 2 seats. This election also saw the entry of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] in their first national election, who ended up winning 2 seats. Due to the nonrecognition of state parties such as the DMK, they were grouped under independent parties, which won a total of 8 seats.

== Voting and results ==
{{Election results
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=5094552|sw1={{increase}}4.55%|seats1=31|sc1={{increase}}5
|party2=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes2=1101338|sw2={{increase}}5.09%|seats2=2|sc2={{increase}}1
|party3=[[Praja Socialist Party]]|votes3=399789|sw3=''new party''|seats3=0|sc3=''new party''
|party4=[[Independent politician|Independents]]|votes4=4355162|sw4={{increase}}14.82%|seats4=8|sc4={{increase}}5
|valid=8162313
|invalid=201097
|total_sc={{increase}}3
|electorate=17514993
}}

* Changes in seats and votes are calculated based on the seats and votes won and polled in Tamil-speaking areas of Madras (only) during general elections held in 1951
* Independent parties are local state parties (like DMK), that are unrecognised nationally

== List of Elected MPs ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Constituency
! rowspan="2" |{{abbr|NoS|No. of Seats}}
! colspan="5" |Winner
! colspan="5" |Runner-up
! colspan="2" |Margin
|-
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! data-sort-type=number | Votes
! data-sort-type=number | %
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
!data-sort-type=number | Votes
!data-sort-type=number | %
|-
!1
|[[Chennai North Lok Sabha constituency|Madras North]]
|1
|[[S. C. C. Anthony Pillai]]
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|86,139
|48.71
|T. Chengalvarayan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|76,141
|43.06
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|9,998
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|5.65
|-
!2
|[[Chennai South Lok Sabha constituency|Madras South]]
|1
|[[T. T. Krishnamachari]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|81,390
|45.93
|P. Balasubramania Mudaliar
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|71,284
|40.23
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|10,106
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|5.70
|-
!3
|[[Chengalpattu Lok Sabha constituency|Chingleput]]
|2
|Dr. A. Krishnaswamy
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|1,88,481
|26.81
|O. V. Alagesa Mudaliar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,86,753
|26.57
|colspan="2"|{{abbr|N/A|Not applicable}}
|-
!4
|[[Tiruvallur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruvallur]]
|1
|R. Govindarajulu Naidu
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,20,363
|64.90
|A. Raghava Reddy
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|65,083
|35.10
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|55,280
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|29.80
|-
!5
|[[Vellore Lok Sabha constituency|Vellore]]
|2
|N. R. Munisamy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,44,377
|19.24
|M. Muthukrishnan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,26,132
|16.81
|colspan="2"|{{abbr|N/A|Not applicable}}
|-
!6
|[[Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha constituency|Thiruvannamalai]]
|1
|Dharmalingam
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|84,309
|41.75
|G. Neelakantan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|74,070
|36.68
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|10,239
|style="background:{{party color|Independent}} ; color:black;"|5.07
|-
!7
|[[Tirupattur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruppattur]]
|1
|A. Duraisami Gounder
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|71,564
|44.55
|C. P. Chinnaraj
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|42,875
|26.69
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|28,689
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|17.86
|-
!8
|[[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]
|1
|C. R. Narsimhan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|57,683
|40.00
|G. D. Naidu
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|57,316
|39.75
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|367
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|0.25
|-
!9
|[[Tiruchengode Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchengode]]
|1
|Dr. [[P. Subbarayan]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|86,935
|57.72
|Palaniappa Bakthar
|{{Party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
|26,240
|17.42
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|60,695
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|40.30
|-
!10
|[[Salem Lok Sabha constituency|Salem]]
|1
|S. V. Ramasami
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|85,342
|47.18
|S. K. Babie Kandasami
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|30,764
|17.01
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|54,578
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|30.17
|-
!21
|[[Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency|Ramanathapuram]]
|1
|[[P. Subbiah Ambalam]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|89,701
|37.61
|R. K. Ramakrishnan
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|50,668
|21.24
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|39,033
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|16.37
|-
!22
|[[Srivilliputtur Lok Sabha constituency|Srivilliputhur]]
|2
|[[U. Muthuramalinga Thevar]]
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|2,06,999
|24.17
|S. S. Natarajan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,67,676
|19.58
|colspan="2"|{{abbr|N/A|Not applicable}}
|-
!23
|[[Nagercoil Lok Sabha constituency|Nagercoil]]
|1
|Thanulingom Nadar
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,43,288
|75.78
|Chellaswamy
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|45,798
|24.22
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|97,490
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|51.56
|-
!24
|[[Tiruchendur Lok Sabha constituency|Tiruchendur]]
|1
|[[T. Ganapathy]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|colspan="9"|''Won Uncontested''
|-
!25
|[[Tirunelveli Lok Sabha constituency|Tirunelveli]]
|1
|[[P. T. Thanu Pillai]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,05,793
|50.75
|Sankaranarayana Moopanar
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|54,319
|26.06
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|51,474
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|24.69
|-
!26
|[[Tenkasi Lok Sabha constituency|Tenkasi]]
|1
|M. Sankarapandian
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,25,821
|50.97
|N. Shanmugam
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|1,21,021
|49.03
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|4,800
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|1.94
|-
!27
|[[Periyakulam Lok Sabha constituency|Periyakulam]]
|1
|R. Narayanasamy
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,16,715
|50.11
|Muthia
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|64,867
|27.85
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|51,848
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|22.26
|-
!28
|[[Madurai Lok Sabha constituency|Madurai]]
|1
|[[K. T. K. Thangamani]]
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|79,374
|35.02
|T. K. Rama
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|78,286
|34.54
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|1,088
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|0.48
|-
!29
|[[Dindigul Lok Sabha constituency|Dindigul]]
|2
|[[M. Gulam Mohideen Rowther|M. Ghulam Mohideen]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|2,25,510
|27.99
|S. C. Balakrishna
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,70,995
|21.22
|colspan="2"|{{abbr|N/A|Not applicable}}
|-
!30
|[[Pollachi Lok Sabha constituency|Pollachi]]
|1
|P. R. Ramakrishnan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,39,984
|53.10
|Gurusami Aicker
|{{Party color cell|Praja Socialist Party}}
|[[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]]
|1,23,618
|46.90
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|16,366
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|6.20
|-
!31
|[[Namakkal Lok Sabha constituency|Namakkal]]
|2
|[[E. V. K. Sampath]]
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|1,82,066
|23.80
|S. R. Arumugam
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,64,221
|21.47
|colspan="2"|{{abbr|N/A|Not applicable}}
|-
!32
|[[Gobichettipalayam Lok Sabha constituency|Gobichettipalayam]]
|1
|[[K. S. Ramaswamy|Ramasami Gounder]]
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,15,365
|60.69
|Jothinath Singh
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|74,734
|39.31
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|40,631
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|21.38
|-
!33
|[[Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency|Coimbatore]]
|1
|[[Parvathi Krishnan|Parvati]]
|{{Party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|1,10,454
|47.76
|P. S. Rangasami
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|95,442
|41.27
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|15,012
|style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}} ; color:white;"|6.49
|-
!34
|[[Nilgiris Lok Sabha constituency|Nilgiris]]
|1
|C. Nanjappan
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|1,22,388
|59.16
|P. S. Bharathi
|{{Party color cell|Independent}}
|[[Independent politician|IND]]
|56,754
|27.43
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|65,634
|style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}} ; color:white;"|31.73
|-
|}

== See also ==

* [[Elections in Tamil Nadu]]

== Bibliography ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090409234842/http://eci.nic.in/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf Volume I, 1957 Indian general election, 2nd Lok Sabha]

== External links ==

* [http://eci.nic.in/ Website of Election Commission of India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303040541/http://ibnlive.in.com/politics/stats.php CNN-IBN Lok Sabha Election History]

{{Tamil Nadu elections|state=expanded}}

[[Category:1957 elections in India]]
[[Category:1957 Indian general election by state or union territory|Madras]]
[[Category:1957 Indian general election|M]]
[[Category:Indian general elections in Tamil Nadu]]

Siege of Lohkot (1015)

2026-04-25T22:42:09Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up A Entry V1

{{Short description|Battle of the Ghaznavid invasions}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Lohkot (1015)
| date = Summer – Winter 1015
| place = Lohkot Fort, [[Tosa Maidan]], [[Kashmir]]
| combatant1 = [[Ghaznavid Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Lohara dynasty]]
| commander1 = [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]
| commander2 = [[Sangramaraja]]
| result = Inconclusive.<ref>{{Harvnb|Tetley|2008|p=60}} "Two years later, Farrukhi went to India again when Mahmûd invaded Kashmir for the second time, after an inconclusive raid in 406/1015; on this occasion he was in Yūsuf's train, with a horse and travelling equipment provided by the Sultan (p. 136, 11.20-21)."</ref> See [[#Aftermath|§ Aftermath]]
| partof = [[Ghaznavid campaigns in India]]
| casualties3 = Mahmud suffered heavy casualties while retreating to Ghazni<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=S N Sen |url=http://archive.org/details/ancientindianhistoryandcivilization |title=Ancient Indian history and civilization |date=1987 |pages=330}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Ramakrishnan |first=S. |url=http://archive.org/details/struggleforempir05bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 05, The Struggle For Empire |date=2001 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=11–13}}</ref>
}}

'''Siege of Lohkot''' was [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud of Ghazni's]] one of the notable military engagement in India, conducted in 1015 CE. Positioned strategically in the [[Kashmir Valley]], Lohkot (Iron Fort) presented a formidable challenge to Mahmud's forces due to its impregnable defenses. Despite persistent efforts, harsh winter conditions and reinforced defences compelled defeated Mahmud to retreat back to [[Ghazni]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohan |first=Krishna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiRuAAAAMAAJ&q=lohkot |title=Early Medieval History of Kashmir: With Special Reference to the Loharas, A.D. 1003-1171 |date=1981 |publisher=Meharchand Lachhmandas Publications |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
=== Campaign against the Shahis ===
{{main|Ghaznavid–Hindu Shahi Wars|Battle of Nandana|Battle of River Tausi}}
[[File:Ghaznavid_map_1000_ad.jpg|alt=Map of the Ghaznavid Empire before their invasion of the Shahis and Kashmir.|thumb|220x220px|Map of the Ghaznavid Empire 1000 AD before their invasion of the Shahis and Kashmir.]]
After the death of Anandapala in A.D. 1012, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] of the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] launched a renewed campaign against the [[Hindu Shahis]]. In A.D. 1013, Mahmud marched towards the [[Nandana Fort]] in the [[Salt Range]], where he faced opposition from [[Trilochanapala]], successor to [[Anandapala]].<ref name=":2" /> Trilochanapala, appealed to [[Sangramaraja]], the [[Lohara dynasty|Lohara]] ruler of [[Kashmir]], for assistance to defend his Hindu Shahi domains against the Ghaznavids in 1014 AD. Sangramaraja sent a large army, under the command of Tunga, to assist Trilochanapala. The Shahi and Lohara forces united to set up a camp in a valley north of [[Jhelum River]]. A small victory in a skirmish with the Ghaznavid scouts made Tunga overconfident. His underestimation of the Ghaznavid army resulted in a crushing defeat at the hands of Mahmud of Ghazni himself. The surviving Lohara forces retreated back to the Kashmir. Following the defeat, Bhimapala and Trilochanapala retreated to Kashmir, while Mahmud seized the fort of Nandana, along with its treasures. A significant portion of the Shahi kingdom was annexed to Mahmud's empire.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Trilochanapala fled to eastern [[Punjab]], possibly to [[Sirhind]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

Mahmud decided to use this opportunity to punish the Sangramaraja for allying himself with the Shahis. Sultan led the Ghaznavid forces in the military campaign into [[Kashmir]] in 1015 AD. The army marched to [[Jhelum]], then continued along the [[Jhelum River]], and attempted to use the [[Tosamaidan]] to enter Kashmir. The only thing standing in his way was the impregnable stronghold of Lohkot (Iron Fort).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=S N Sen |url=http://archive.org/details/ancientindianhistoryandcivilization |title=Ancient Indian history and civilization |date=1987 |pages=330}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Siege ==
The Siege of Lohkot took place in A.D. 1015 during the reign of Mahmud, the ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. It was a military campaign to quell chiefs and capture strategic forts in the [[Kingdom of Kashmir|Kashmir kingdom]]. Lohkot, strategically positioned on the southern slopes of the central [[Pir Panjal Range]], emerged as Mahmud's primary target due to its reputation for impregnability.<ref name=":2" /> Despite Mahmud's initial efforts, the fortress's formidable defenses proved insurmountable, leading to a protracted siege. Throughout the summer, Mahmud's army faced escalating challenges compounded by [[Winter storm|harsh winter]] conditions and heavy [[blizzard|snowfall]] of [[Kashmir Valley]]. Concurrently, the defenders of Lohkot fortified their positions with reinforcements, further complicating Mahmud's campaign.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=Balaji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=980SAvbmpUkC&dq=Mahmud+Lohkot&pg=PT145 |title=The Dancing Girl: A History of Early India |date=2011 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-4311-67-0 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Habib |first=Mohammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KSZAQAACAAJ |title=Sultan Mahmud of Ghaznin |date=1967 |publisher=S. Chand |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref>

Meanwhile, the Kashmiris under Sangramaraja bolstered their position by reinforcing their troops, strengthening their defenses in anticipation of further confrontations with Mahmud's forces. As the siege persisted and the besieging army encountered mounting obstacles navigating the treacherous terrain, Mahmud confronted the grim reality of the situation. With dwindling resources and no viable alternatives, much of the army was lost due to [[attrition warfare]] of Kashmiris and to the winter. Mahmud made the difficult decision to abandon the siege and retreat towards Ghazni.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> The journey back to Ghazni was arduous and perilous for Mahmud and his troops, fraught with numerous hardships and obstacles.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Lalchandra |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.111858 |title=The Cambridge History Of India |date=1922 |pages=51}}</ref> Treacherous marshes proved particularly hazardous, resulting in significant casualties among the retreating forces.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Despite these setbacks, Mahmud demonstrated resilience, eventually leading the surviving portion of his army out of the challenging terrain.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jaswant Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUk5k5AN54sC |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |date=1979 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-0617-0 |pages=56–57 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

== Aftermath ==
The Siege of Lohkot serves as a reminder of the defences and harsh realities of warfare in the Kashmir during Mahmud's military campaigns. The strategic location of Lohkot and the challenges faced by Mahmud in his efforts to assert control over the region.<ref name=":2" /> However, Mahmud's efforts proved unsuccessful, and he was unable to achieve his objective. The campaign resulted in losses and hardships for Mahmud and his army.<ref name=":3" /> Mahmud retreated to Ghazni, unable to accomplish his goals he plans for second invasion.
[[File:Siege_of_Lohkot_1015.png|alt=Siege_of_Lohkot_1015|thumb|[[Ghaznavid campaigns in India]]]]
Mahmud, having not yet given up on Kashmir, led a second military campaign in 1021 AD. The purpose was to overcome the fortress of Loharkot. The cold [[winter]] once again defeated the Ghaznavids. Mahmud gave up on further plans of expansion into Kashmir.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Tetley |first=G. E. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Ghaznavid_and_Seljuk_Turks.html?id=SVV9AgAAQBAJ |title=The Ghaznavid and Seljuk Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History |date=2008-10-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-08438-8 |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Siege of Lohkot (1015)}}
[[Category:Lohara dynasty]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Ghaznavid Empire]]
[[Category:11th century in India]]
[[Category:1015 in Asia]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1015]]

Dhuri Assembly constituency

2026-04-22T16:20:12Z

CryptoCurrencydon:

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dhuri
| type = SLA
| map_image = 107-Dhuri.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Sangrur district|Sangrur]]
| division = [[Patiala division|Patiala]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sangrur Lok Sabha constituency|Sangrur]]
| constituency_no = 107
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =Bhagwant Mann.png
| abolished =
| mla = [[Bhagwant Mann]] {{Small|[[Chief Minister of Punjab, India|Chief Minister of Punjab]]}}
| party = {{Party index link|Aam Aadmi Party}}
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = 1,66,143{{Efn|As of 2022}}
}}

'''Dhuri Assembly constituency''' is a [[Punjab Legislative Assembly]] constituency in [[Sangrur district]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state, India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |title=List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=19 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf |archivedate=23 April 2016 }}</ref>

As of 2022, this constituency is represented by [[Bhagwant Mann]], the [[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|chief minister of Punjab]].{{update after|2027}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

=== Patiala and East Punjab States Union ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! {{Abbr|Con. No.|Constituency Number}}
! {{Abbr|Res.|Reservation}}
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| 16
| rowspan="3"| None
| Tirath Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election|1954]]{{Efn|Two member seat}}
| rowspan="2"| 43
| Lehna Singh
|-
| Parduman Singh
|-
|}

=== Punjab ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! {{Abbr|Con. No.|Constituency Number}}
! {{Abbr|Res.|Reservation}}
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{Efn|Two member seat}}
| rowspan="2"| 112
| rowspan="2"| ST
| Jasdev Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| Jangir Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| 151
| SC
| [[Bhan Singh Bhaura|Bhan Singh]]
|-
| [[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="3"| 86
| rowspan="14"| None
| T. Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=2|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
| Sant Singh
|-
| [[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Achhra Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="7"| 80
| rowspan="2"| Sant Singh
| {{Full party name with color|rowspan=3|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
| [[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Surinder Singh
|-
| [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1992]]
| rowspan="2"| Dhanwant Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| [[Gaganjit Singh Barnala|Gaganjit Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Iqbal Singh Jhundan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| rowspan="4"| 107
| [[Arvind Khanna]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| 2015^
| [[Gobind Singh Longowal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|-
| [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Dalvir Singh Goldy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}
^Bye election

== Election results ==


=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Bhagwant Mann]]
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| votes = {{formatnum:82592}}
| percentage = 64.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Dalvir Singh Goldy]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=February 18, 2022}}</ref>
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = {{formatnum:24386}}
| percentage = 18.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Parkash Chand Garg]]
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = {{formatnum:6991}}
| percentage = 5.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Randeep Singh Deol
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| votes = {{formatnum:5436}}
| percentage = 4.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Narinder Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
| votes = {{formatnum:4469}}
| percentage = 3.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sarbjit Singh Alal
| party = Sanyukt Samaj Morcha
| votes = {{formatnum:1188}}
| percentage = 0.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = None of the Above
| party = NOTA
| votes = {{formatnum:775}}
| percentage = 0.6
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = {{formatnum:58206}}
| percentage = 45.4
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = {{formatnum:128458}}
| percentage = 77.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = {{formatnum:429}}
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = {{formatnum:128977}}
| percentage = 77.63
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = {{formatnum:166143}}
| change =
| ref = <ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election2017>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Dalvir Singh Goldy]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 49,347
| percentage = 38.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Jasvir Singh Jassi Sekhon
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| votes = 46,536
| percentage = 36.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Hari Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 28,611
| percentage = 22.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Surjit Singh Kalabula
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)
| votes = 1,405
| percentage = 1.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhola Singh
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 1,390
| percentage = 1.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = None of the Above
| party = NOTA
| votes = 662
| percentage = 0.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Tarsem Kumar
| party = Independent
| votes = 474
| percentage = 0.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 2,811
| percentage = 2.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,28,425
| percentage = 81.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 315
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,28,740
| percentage = 81.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,58,479
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Shiromani Akali Dal
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 Bye election ===
{{Election box begin | title = 2015 Punjab Legislative Assembly Bye election : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Gobind Singh Longowal]]
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 67,596
| percentage = 61.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Simarpratap Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 30,095
| percentage = 27.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Surjit Singh Kalabula
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)
| votes = 7,554
| percentage = 6.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sukhdev Ram Sharma
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 1,933
| percentage = 1.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = None of the above
| party = NOTA
| votes = 1,071
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bikram Kumar
| party = Independent
| votes = 835
| percentage = 0.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Ranjit Singh Bhasin
| party = Independent
| votes = 535
| percentage = 0.49
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gurmeet Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 397
| percentage = 0.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sarabjit Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 261
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Manjit Kaur
| party = Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Party
| votes = 203
| percentage = 0.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Jora Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 174
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Rattan Lal
| party = Independent
| votes = 163
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gurpreet Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 134
| percentage = 0.12
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 37,501
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,10,951
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 0
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,10,951
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,51,952
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2012 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election2012>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3455-punjab-2012/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Arvind Khanna]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 51,536
| percentage = 45.65
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gobind Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 39,063
| percentage = 34.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gaganjit Singh
| party = People's Party of Punjab
| votes = 15,682
| percentage = 13.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Baljeet Kaur
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 4,155
| percentage = 3.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Rattan Lal
| party = Independent
| votes = 1,190
| percentage = 1.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Ranjit Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 461
| percentage = 0.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Didar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 432
| percentage = 0.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Amar Singh
| party = Lok Jan Shakti Party
| votes = 383
| percentage = 0.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 12,473
| percentage = 11.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,12,902
| percentage = 81.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 61
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,12,963
| percentage = 81.58
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,38,461
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Independent
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2007 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election2007>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3454-punjab-2007/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2007 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Iqbal Singh Jhundan]]
| party = Independent
| votes = 36,469
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Mai Roop Kaur
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 33,290
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gaganjit Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 24,887
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Dhanwant Singh
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 13,150
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Maninder Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 2,627
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Karnail Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)
| votes = 1,112
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Lachhaman Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 714
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Amar Singh
| party = Lok Janshakti Party
| votes = 549
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Mohd. Samsad
| party = Independent
| votes = 415
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Iqbal Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 361
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Rajinder Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 326
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Baljeet Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 324
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Manjinder Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 205
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 3,179
| percentage = 2.78
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,14,429
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 35
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,14,464
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,38,315
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Independent
| loser = Shiromani Akali Dal
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2002 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election2002>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3453-punjab-2002/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2002 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Gaganjit Singh Barnala|Gaganjit Singh]]
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 25,538
| percentage = 26.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Iqbal Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)
| votes = 23,979
| percentage = 24.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Dhanwant Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 22,030
| percentage = 22.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Achhra Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 9,686
| percentage = 10.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sultan Begum
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 8,368
| percentage = 8.71
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Rajwant Singh
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| votes = 4,722
| percentage = 4.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Baldev Singh
| party = Lok Bhalai Party
| votes = 1,363
| percentage = 1.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Jaswinder Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 425
| percentage = 0.44
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 1,559
| percentage = 1.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 96,111
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 0
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 96,111
| percentage = 72.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,32,793
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser = Independent
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1997 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election1997>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3452-punjab-1997/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 1997 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Dhanwant Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 28,988
| percentage = 31.26
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Surinder Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 25,297
| percentage = 27.28
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Manpreet Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 15,626
| percentage = 16.85
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhola
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 10,814
| percentage = 11.66
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhan Singh Bhaura
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 10,353
| percentage = 11.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sukhpal Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 836
| percentage = 0.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Mohan Lal
| party = Independent
| votes = 466
| percentage = 0.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gian Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 360
| percentage = 0.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 3,691
| percentage = 3.98
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 92,740
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 4,041
| percentage = 4.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 96,781
| percentage = 76.60
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,26,343
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Independent
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1992 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1992 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Dhanwant Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 4,164
| percentage = 35.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhan Singh Bhora
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 2,640
| percentage = 22.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Amar Nath
| party = Independent
| votes = 1,941
| percentage = 16.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Surinder Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 1,691
| percentage = 14.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Amanjit Singh
| party = Janata Dal
| votes = 796
| percentage = 6.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bachan Singh Dhadhogal
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| votes = 419
| percentage = 3.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Prem Kumar
| party = Independent
| votes = 134
| percentage = 1.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gurchetan Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 42
| percentage = 0.36
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 1,524
| percentage = 12.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 11,827
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 754
| percentage = 5.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 12,581
| percentage = 11.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,14,120
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Shiromani Akali Dal
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1985 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1985 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Surinder Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 36,685
| percentage = 52.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Man Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 25,365
| percentage = 36.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Jujhar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 5,302
| percentage = 7.55
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Amarjit Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 2,101
| percentage = 2.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kamlesh Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 812
| percentage = 1.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 11,320
| percentage = 16.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 70,265
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 2,767
| percentage = 3.79
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 73,032
| percentage = 75.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 96,222
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1980 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1980 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Sant Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 27,008
| percentage = 47.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Man Singh
| party = Indian National Congress (I)
| votes = 23275
| percentage = 40.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gurbachan Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 5,011
| percentage = 8.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Mohinder Singh
| party = Janata Party (Secular)
| votes = 1,114
| percentage = 1.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Parkash Singh
| party = Janata Party
| votes = 491
| percentage = 0.86
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Balaki Ram
| party = Independent
| votes = 277
| percentage = 0.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Polo Ram
| party = Independent
| votes = 237
| percentage = 0.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 3,733
| percentage = 6.50
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 57,413
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 985
| percentage = 1.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 58,398
| percentage = 67.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 86,464
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1977 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1977 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Sant Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 30,433
| percentage = 57.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Achhra Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 21,081
| percentage = 39.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Anand Dev
| party = Independent
| votes = 635
| percentage = 1.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kartar Singh
| party = Republican Party of India
| votes = 389
| percentage = 0.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Balwant Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 179
| percentage = 0.34
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 9,352
| percentage = 17.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 52,717
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 662
| percentage = 1.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 53,379
| percentage = 69.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 77,164
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Shiromani Akali Dal
| loser = Communist Party of India
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1972 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1972 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election1972>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3447-punjab-1972/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 1962 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Achhra Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 23,165
| percentage = 47.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sant Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| votes = 20,505
| percentage = 42.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kartar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 2,803
| percentage = 5.74
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Parkash Singh
| party = Indian National Congress (Organisation)
| votes = 669
| percentage = 1.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sadhu Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 574
| percentage = 1.18
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bachan Kaur
| party = Independent
| votes = 538
| percentage = 1.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Raksha Paul Kaur
| party = Independent
| votes = 349
| percentage = 0.72
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bachan Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 192
| percentage = 0.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 2,660
| percentage = 5.45
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 48,795
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 1,189
| percentage = 2.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 49,984
| percentage = 77.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 64,583
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1969 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1969 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election1969>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3446-punjab-1969/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 1969 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=7 May 2023 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Sant Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 17,926
| percentage = 41.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Harnam Singh
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| votes = 17,510
| percentage = 40.07
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kartar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 6,683
| percentage = 15.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Yog Raj Goel
| party = Independent
| votes = 1,583
| percentage = 3.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 416
| percentage = 0.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 43,702
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 1,549
| percentage = 3.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 45,251
| percentage = 75.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 60,304
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1967 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = T. Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 17,829
| percentage = 45.09
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = J. Singh
| party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| votes = 16,556
| percentage = 41.87
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = P. Singh
| party = Bharatiya Jana Sangh
| votes = 4,380
| percentage = 11.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = P. Singh
| party = Akali Dal – Master Tara Singh Group
| votes = 773
| percentage = 1.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 1,273
| percentage = 3.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 39,538
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 2,260
| percentage = 5.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 41,798
| percentage = 73.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 56,489
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Communist Party of India
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1962 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri<ref name=election1962>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3444-punjab-1962/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 1962 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Bhan Singh Bhaura|Bhan Singh]]
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 20,658
| percentage = 49.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Lehna Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 14,212
| percentage = 33.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gujjar Singh
| party = Jana Sangh
| votes = 3,389
| percentage = 8.05
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Teja Singh
| party = Swatantra Party
| votes = 1,587
| percentage = 3.77
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bachan Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 1,329
| percentage = 3.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gokal Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 915
| percentage = 2.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 6,446
| percentage = 15.31
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 42,090
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 2,741
| percentage = 6.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 44,831
| percentage = 64.84
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 69,141
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = {{Efn|Seat 1 gained from INC by CPI;Two member constituencies were abolished}}
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1957 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1957 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Jasdev Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 27,628
| percentage = 24.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Jangir Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 24,226
| percentage = 21.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Harnam Singh
| party = Communist Party of India
| votes = 22,850
| percentage = 20.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Lehna Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 22,226
| percentage = 19.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gujjar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 8,477
| percentage = 7.49
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kartar Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 4,157
| percentage = 3.67
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Mali Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 3,610
| percentage = 3.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 1,13,174
| percentage = 47.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,13,174
| percentage = 95.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 1,18,555
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Communist Party of India
| loser = Indian National Congress
| swing = {{Efn|Seat 2 CPI gain from INC; Seat 1 INC hold}}
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1954 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1954 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Lehna Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 14,656
| percentage = 20.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Parduman Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 14,276
| percentage = 20.16%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Pritam Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Mann Group)
| votes = 12,473
| percentage = 17.61
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sarwan Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Mann Group)
| votes = 11,619
| percentage = 16.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kundan Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Raman Group)
| votes = 8,602
| percentage = 12.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bachitar Singh
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal (Raman Group)
| votes = 7,674
| percentage = 10.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Bhagta
| party = Independent
| votes = 816
| percentage = 1.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Tulsi
| party = Independent
| votes = 711
| percentage = 1.00
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 70,827
| percentage = 57.76
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 0
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 70,827
| percentage = 115.52
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 61,312
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing = {{Efn|Seat 1 hold; Seat 2 new seat win}}
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin | title = [[1952 Patiala and East Punjab States Union Legislative Assembly election]] : Dhuri}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| candidate = Tirath Singh
| party = Indian National Congress
| votes = 8,642
| percentage = 45.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Sarwan Singh
| party = Akali Dal
| votes = 8,028
| percentage = 41.94
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Kartar Singh
| party = All India Forward Bloc (Marxist)
| votes = 1,561
| percentage = 8.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Gurdev Singh
| party = Independent
| votes = 636
| percentage = 3.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Rajinder Paul
| party = Independent
| votes = 274
| percentage = 1.43
| change =
}}
{{Election box margin of victory
| votes = 614
| percentage = 3.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box total valid
| votes = 19,141
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box rejected
| votes = 0
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 19,141
| percentage = 69.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors = 27,363
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== Notes ==

{{Notelist}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{Coord|30.37|75.86|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Sangrur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in East Punjab]]

Xempea Minguel

2026-04-21T07:04:02Z

CryptoCurrencydon:

{{Short description|Indian stage actor and comedian (1922–1990)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Xempea Minguel
| image = Portrait of Xempea Minguel.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Morais during his youth
| birth_name = Miguel Morais
| birth_date = {{birth date|1922|2|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Quepem taluka#Settlements|Assolda]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| death_place = [[Benaulim]], Goa, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1990|3|24|1922|2|7|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian|director|teacher}}
| years_active = ~1960s
| spouse = Lourdes Pereira
| children = 3
| relatives = [[Antonio Moraes]] (brother)
}}

'''Miguel Morais''' (7 February 1922 – 24 March 1990), known professionally as '''Xempea Minguel''',{{efn|literally meaning "Minguel with a tail".}} was an early 20th-century Indian stage actor, comedian, director, and [[drama teacher]] known for his work in ''fells'' or ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khells]]'' (traditional [[Goan]] [[street play]]s).

==Early life==
Miguel Morais was born on 7 February 1922 in the village of [[Quepem taluka#Settlements|Assolda]], which was located in the region of [[Goa]] during the period of [[Portuguese India|Portuguese colonial rule]]. At the time, Goa was part of the [[Portuguese Empire]], though it is now situated within the modern nation of India.<ref name=":1" /> Morais was born into a [[Goan Catholic]] family, the third of four sons: Tiburcio (born 1918), Zpeferino (born 1916), and [[Antonio Moraes|Antonio]] (born 1924). They were born to [[day laborer]]s Paulo Morais and Conceiçaō Maria Fernandes, who hailed from [[Quepem taluka#Settlements|Xeldem]], Goa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 June 2006 |title=Registo De Nascimento |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/Appln/UIL/BirthDeathCertificate_af?__Key=&_Mode=B&__cscKey= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810131321/https://goaonline.gov.in/HomePage |archive-date=10 August 2023 |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

As Morais matured, his family made the decision to move to the village of [[Benaulim]] around the year 1934.<ref name=":1" /> When Morais' younger brother Antonio was still a child, their father Paulo died. During their childhood, as all four brothers were still young, their mother Conceição found it challenging to support the family alone. Consequently, as Morais and his siblings grew older, their mother arranged for them to [[Domestic worker|work in other households]] to contribute to the family's income.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 February 2004 |language=gom |title=A. Moraes - Songitachea mollavelem zhogzhogtem noketr |work=[[Vauraddeancho Ixtt]] |pages=5}}</ref>

==Career==
Biographical details about the [[Goan]] theater performer Morais are scarce. There is limited publicly available information regarding his career, with most known facts coming from published [[literary source]]s. According to the 2019 book ''Tiatr 125th Commemorative Volume'', Fausto V. Da Costa, a fellow writer states that, Morais was known as a popular ''khellgoddo'' - a term used to describe a stage actor in traditional Goan [[street theater]] productions. The text indicates that Morais exclusively performed in ''fells'' - a type of 19th century Goan street play<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=Panaji, Goa |pages=xi, 1, 6, 53, 55, 192}}</ref> - that were staged by his younger sibling, [[Antonio Moraes]], who was considered a pioneering figure in the development of the modernized Goan theatrical form known as ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]''. While Antonio was regarded as the ''[[mistri|mestri]]'' (teacher) of these ''khells'' (an alternate name for ''fells'', a term known in the [[Salcete]] region), the specific dramatic works in which Morais appeared were referred to as "Xempea Minglilo Fell". Beyond these limited biographical details documented in the commemorative volume, little additional information about Morais's theatrical career and wider contributions can be conclusively stated based on available sources.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Da Costa |first=Fausto V. |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=199–200}}</ref>

In the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater sphere, Morais was a known figure among a group of popular performers referred to as ''khellam mistri'' or ''mestri'', who were recognized for their involvement in instructing and showcasing a traditional performance style known as ''zomnivhele khell'', as documented by journalists Gary Azavedo and [[Pio Esteves]] in ''[[The Times of India]]''. Other popular artists in this group included [[Khadda Minguel]], Anton Marie, [[Santiago Pereira]], [[Shalibai]], Don Toclo, Piedade Fernandes, and [[Rosario Rodrigues]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-14 |title=For 'zomnivhele khell', all the ground's a stage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/for-zomnivhele-khell-all-the-grounds-a-stage/articleshow/46238102.cms |access-date=2024-05-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> As per the accounts of [[Bombay]]-based [[archivist]] Edward "Eddie" Verdes, it is stated that, Morais and his contemporary ''khell'' artist Buk Buko, originating from the town of [[Chinchinim]], were celebrated for their humorous acting performances that brought joy and laughter to audiences. Morais primarily appeared in ''khell'' productions that were staged around his home village of [[Benaulim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Verdes |first=Edward |date=28 January 2008 |title=Zomni khell during the Carnival |url=http://www.goa-world.com/goa/index.html |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Goa World|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210100925/http://www.goa-world.com/goa/index.html |archive-date=2008-02-10 }}</ref> Konkani singer [[Osvi Viegas]], a figure within the [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]] community, has provided additional insights about Morais and his contemporaries. In writings published in the ''Gulab'' magazine, Viegas identified Morais as one of the prominent ''khell'' artists of the 1960s, alongside figures like Anton Marie, Santiago Pereira, Menino Afonso, Marian Silva, Diniz Sequeira, A. Moraes, [[Patrick Dourado]], Khell Jose, Buk Buko, Don Toclo, Shalibai, Khadda Minguel, Socorro Piedade Fernandes, and Magnier Rod. Viegas observed that the theatrical productions created by this ensemble of performers were popular for their enlightening content, especially receiving acclaim for the engaging and quality of their opening and featured songs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Viegas |first=Osvi |date=30 May 2021 |title=Tiatrachim Kantaram Ani Songit |url=https://issuu.com/fngoa/docs/gulab_may_2021 |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=Gulab |language=gom |archive-date=2024-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429133748/https://issuu.com/fngoa/docs/gulab_may_2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Morais was a well-known [[Goan]] performer associated with the ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' tradition, a form of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] folk theater. ''Khell tiatrs'' were also interchangeably referred to as "[[folk play]]s" in the region. Morais was regarded as a role model and influential figure for the new generation of ''khell tiatr'' artists and folk play performers in [[Goa]]. According to a [[postgraduate study]] on English published material, the millennial and second-generation ''khell'' artist Malita Fernandes identified Morais as one of her favorite writers and directors of Konkani folk plays.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Braganza e Fernandes |first=Malita |date=27 October 2019 |title=Dying Art of Folk Plays (Zomnivhele Khell) |url=https://www.academia.edu/50611977 |journal=Via Parvatibai Chowgule College |pages=5 |via=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> In the 2018 book ''Konkani Khell Tiatr'' by historian [[Wilson Mazarello]], Konkani playwright [[Tomazinho Cardozo]] characterized Morais as being among the popular ''khellam mestris'' or Goan [[street play]] [[drama teacher|teachers]] of the past. Mazarello's work further stated that Morais was included in the list of prominent actors in ''khells'', who were known as ''khellgodde'' in the local Konkani language. Morais occupied a significant position and wielded an influence within the traditional Konkani folk theater tradition of ''khell tiatrs'' in [[Goa]].<ref name=":0" />

==Personal life==
Morais's brother [[Antonio Moraes|Antonio]] was a pioneering figure in the ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' tradition, a form of [[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[street theater]]. Antonio was credited as one of three key individuals who helped bring ''zomnivhele khells'' (street plays) to the professional stage, drawing inspiration from the established Konkani ''[[tiatr]]'' format. Tiburcio, the elder brother of Morais, started his professional life as a [[toddy tapper]] before shifting to a new occupation as a [[seafarer]].<ref name=":0" /> Morais and Antonio shared a close fraternal bond, as demonstrated by Morais exclusively participating in his brother's ''fells'' or ''khells''. Antonio, the playwright, ensured that whenever Morais appeared in his theatrical productions, it was promoted under Morais's name.<ref name=":1" />

Morais was married to Lourdes (later known as Lurdinha) Pereira, a [[homemaker]] from the [[Sanguem]] region. Together they had three children - two sons, Joaquim (born 1959) and Inácio (born 1958), as well as a daughter named Crucifina (born 1962). Morais' extended family, including his nephews, were also actively involved in the Konkani theater scene. Playwright R. Moraes and former playwright and theatre actor Teles Moraes, along with [[trumpeter]] Seby Moraes, are nephews of Morais through his brothers Tiburcio and Antonio, respectively.<ref name=":0" /> Although Morais was born in Assolda, he listed Paroda, [[Quepem]] as his birthplace on his children's birth certificates.<ref name=":3" /> He died at his residence in Pulvaddo, [[Benaulim]] on 24 March 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 1991 |title=Directorate of planning, statistics and evaluation and office of the chief registrar of births and deaths |url=https://rbd.goa.gov.in/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123154022/https://rbd.goa.gov.in/ErrorPage/500.htm?aspxerrorpath=/Certificate/DeathCertificate.aspx#aSearch |archive-date=23 January 2024 |access-date=29 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Minguel, Xempea}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1990 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]

Kishori Lal Sharma

2026-04-19T23:20:40Z

CryptoCurrencydon: creating initial bio v1

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kishori Lal Sharma
| image = KishoriLalSharma.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|12|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hoshiarpur]], [[East Punjab|Punjab]], [[India]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Smriti Irani]]
| successor =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Kiran Bala
| father =
| children = 2
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| parents =
| alma_mater = [[Panjab University]]
}}

'''Kishori Lal Sharma''' (born 15 December 1960) is an Indian politician and social worker who has been elected as [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]] from [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Who is Kishori Lal Sharma? Congress giant-slayer who handed crushing defeat to Smriti Irani in UP's Amethi |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-kishori-lal-sharma-congress-giant-slayer-who-handed-crushing-defeat-to-smriti-irani-in-ups-amethi/3513534/ |access-date=4 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Amethi Giant Slayer: Meet the Gandhi loyalist Kishori Lal Sharma, set to beat BJP's Smriti Irani |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-amethi-uttar-pradesh-kishori-lal-sharma-vs-smriti-irani-13778650.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |newspaper=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Kishori Lal Sharma grew up in [[Ludhiana]], in Punjab.<ref name="DH-03May24"/>

== Political career ==
Sharma first met [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in 1983.<ref name="DH-03May24"/> Amethi used to be Rajiv Gandhi's Lok Sabha constituency, and in 1987, Gandhi sent Sharma to monitor and review work in the constituency on behalf of the Indian National Congress (INC).<ref name="DH-03May24">{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/who-is-kishori-lal-sharma-congress-candidate-from-amethi-for-lok-sabha-elections-2024-3006040 |title=Lok Sabha elections 2024. Meet the leader: Kishori Lal Sharma |first1=Shemin |last1=Joy |date=3 May 2024 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] }}</ref> After Gandhi's assassination in 1991, [[Satish Sharma]] became the Indian National Congress candidate for Amethi, and Kishori Lal Sharma continued managing and coordinating the INC's work in the constituency. This continued when [[Sonia Gandhi]] became the INC candidate in [[1999 Indian general election|the 1999 general election]]. In the [[2004 Indian general election|2004 general election]] Sonia Gandhi became the INC candidate for [[Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency|Rae Bareli]] and [[Rahul Gandhi]] became the INC candidate for Amethi; so Sharma managed and coordinated INC work in both constituencies.<ref name="DH-03May24"/> Sharma was blamed by the INC for antagonising caste leaders and other people of influence in Amethi, which was thought to have been a factor in the BJP defeating Rahul Gandhi in [[2019 Indian general election|the 2019 general election]].<ref name="DH-03May24"/> The BJP had also won the Amethi seat in 1998.<ref name="DH-03May24"/>

When Sharma filed his nomination papers for the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian General Elections]], [[Priyanka Gandhi]] said: "Our family has a long-standing relationship with Kishori Lal Sharma-ji. He has always been engaged wholeheartedly in serving the people of Amethi and Raebareli. His passion for public service is an example in itself".<ref name="DH-03May24"/>

Sharma is the Member of Parliament elect from [[Amethi Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Indian general Elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=Kishori Lal Sharma Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Kishori Lal of INC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/kishori-lal-sharma-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-leading-trailing-8918438.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=[[News18.com]] |language=en}}</ref> He defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Smriti Irani]] by a margin of 1,67,196 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Amethi Election Results 2024. Highlights: Kisori Lal defeats Smriti Irani by 167196 votes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/amethi-lok-sabha-election-results-2024-live-smriti-irani-bjp-name-of-winner-vote-share-uttar-pradesh-latest-news-updates-101717467977791.html |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Smriti Irani loses Amethi by over 1.67 lakh votes. In the 2019 polls, Smriti Irani clinched the Amethi Lok Sabha seat after defeating Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/amethi-lok-sabha-seat-smriti-irani-kishori-lal-sharma-vote-counting-updates/article68250812.ece |access-date=4 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{18th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal Sharma, Kishori}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

Tuting–Yingkiong Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:36:12Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up Basic Entry W/ Sources

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Tuting-Yingkiong
|state = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|type= SLA
| constituency_no = 34
| map_image = Tuting–Yingkiong Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency|Arunachal East]]
|established = 2008
|reservation = ST
|mla = [[Alo Libang]]
|party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|electors = 13,169
}}
'''Tuting-Yingkiong''' is one of the 60 constituencies in the [[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in India. The MLA as of 2019 is [[Alo Libang]].<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}</ref>{{update after|2024}}

[[Tuting]] and [[Yingkiong]] are village and administrative town headquarters respectively of Upper Siang in the [[India]]n state of [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Tuting location |url= http://wikiedit.org/India/Tuting/261206/ |publisher=Wikiedit Site |accessdate = 18 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Yingkiong location |url= http://wikiedit.org/India/Yingkiong-Jengging/261207/ |publisher=Wikiedit Site |accessdate = 18 October 2016}}</ref> [[Upper Siang district| Upper Siang]] is the name of the district where the village Tuting and Yingkiong Town are located. The village was recently in spotlight due to Chinese People's Liberation Army incursion and construction of roads inside Indian territory.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/chinese-road-building-team-had-entered-one-km-inside-arunachal-sources/articleshow/62355590.cms|title=Chinese road-building team entered 1km inside Arunachal, sent back by Indian Army: Sources |work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref> The village is under the administrative control of an additional deputy commissioner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uppersiang.nic.in/directory/|title=Directory {{!}} District Upper Siang, Government of Arunachal Pradesh|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=4 | [[Gegong Apang]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]] || {{Full party name with color|Arunachal Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || rowspan=4 | [[Alo Libang]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}
== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref name="Tuting-Yingkiong (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024">{{cite news |title=Tuting-Yingkiong (ST) Constituency Election Results 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/tuting-yingkiong |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527155938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/arunachal-pradesh/constituency-show/tuting-yingkiong |archivedate=27 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Tuting–Yingkiong">{{cite news |title=Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2024 - Tuting–Yingkiong |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0234.htm |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527155839/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGen2ndJune2024/candidateswise-S0234.htm |archivedate=27 May 2025}}</ref><ref name="Tuting-Yingkiong Assembly Election Result 2024: Alo Libang from BJP wins">{{cite news |title=Tuting-Yingkiong Assembly Election Result 2024: Alo Libang from BJP wins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/tuting-yingkiong-assembly-election-results-2024-tuting-yingkiong-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110632183.cms |accessdate=27 May 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=2 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527155936/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/itanagar/tuting-yingkiong-assembly-election-results-2024-tuting-yingkiong-arunachal-pradesh-elections-poll-result-winner/articleshow/110632183.cms |archivedate=27 May 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alo Libang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,095 |percentage=53.76% |change={{decrease}}2.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nobeng Burang |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=5,180 |percentage=45.69% |change={{increase}}42.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=63 |percentage=0.56% |change={{increase}}0.08 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=915 |percentage=8.07% |change= {{decrease}}7.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,338 |percentage=86.10% |change= {{increase}}1.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,169 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.37 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11675-arunachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Arunachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2019 - Arunachal Pradesh - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |date= |author= |accessdate= 24 January 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alo Libang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,800 |percentage=55.94% |change={{increase}}8.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Janata Dal (Secular) |votes=4,191 |percentage=40.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tsepa Wangchuk Khamba |party=People's Party of Arunachal |votes=328 |percentage=3.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=49 |percentage=0.47% |change={{decrease}}0.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,609 |percentage=15.52% |change= {{increase}}11.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,368 |percentage=84.53% |change= {{increase}}1.80 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,265 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.17 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813080618/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2014/Stat_Rep_Arunachal_Pradesh_2014.pdf|archive-date=13 August 2021|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alo Libang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,834 |percentage=51.53% |change={{increase}}13.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,470 |percentage=47.65% |change={{increase}}39.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=77 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=364 |percentage=3.88% |change= {{decrease}}11.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,381 |percentage=82.73% |change= {{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,339 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404184244/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/stat_AR_Aug2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Alo Libang]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=4,827 |percentage=53.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,457 |percentage=38.33% |change={{decrease}}40.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Katan Komboh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=735 |percentage=8.15% |change={{decrease}}12.68 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,370 |percentage=15.19% |change= {{decrease}}43.15 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,019 |percentage=84.20% |change= {{increase}}12.42 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,712 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}3.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2004 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324145008/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2004/StatisticalReports_AR_2004.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,286 |percentage=79.17% |change={{increase}}39.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ojing Komboh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,654 |percentage=20.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,632 |percentage=58.34% |change= {{increase}}37.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,940 |percentage=67.59% |change= {{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,062 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.61 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Arunachal Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1999 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-AR99.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Arunachal Congress |votes=4,591 |percentage=60.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anong Jongkey |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,978 |percentage=39.34% |change={{decrease}}40.96 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,613 |percentage=21.31% |change= {{decrease}}39.30 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,569 |percentage=72.87% |change= {{decrease}}12.63 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,677 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.70 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Arunachal Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144239/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-AR95.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,189 |percentage=80.30% |change={{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Oteng Jongkey |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,518 |percentage=19.70% |change={{increase}}0.71 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,671 |percentage=60.61% |change= {{decrease}}1.43 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,707 |percentage=85.26% |change= {{increase}}2.18 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,228 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.17 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Tuting–Yingkiong<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Arunachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144123/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statistical%20Report%20Arunachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gegong Apang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,346 |percentage=81.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bani Danggen |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,487 |percentage=18.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,859 |percentage=62.03% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,833 |percentage=82.83% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,630 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{coord|28.994|94.892|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Upper Siang district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tuting-Yingkiong Assembly constituency}}

Bachcha Munsi

2026-04-18T23:01:08Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up A Page

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bachcha Munsi
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Velapukari, Maidandighi, Boda, [[Jalpaiguri District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = 10 October 1987
| death_cause =
| office =
| term =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| image =
| caption =
| office4 = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term4 = 1977–1987
| constituency4 = [[Chopra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chopra]]
| native_name = বাচ্চা মুন্সি
| native_name_lang = bn
| death_place = [[Chopra, Uttar Dinajpur|Chopra]], [[West Dinajpur district|Paschim Dinajpur]]
| spouse =
| father =
| mother =
| preceded4 = Office created
| succeeded4 = [[Mohammad Mahamuddin]]
| occupation = Politician Revolutionary Communist Leader
| office1 =
| term1 =
| preceded1 =
| succeeded1 =
| office3 =
| term3 =
| nickname =
| signature =
| blank1 =
| data1 = [[Indian independence movement]]
| blank2 =
| data2 =
| citizenship =
}}
'''Bachcha Munsi''' (died 10 October 1987) was an Indian communist politician who belonged to [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India Marxist]]. He was a farmer leader of the [[All India Kisan Sabha (36 Canning Lane)|Kisan Sabha]] and an influential figure in the [[Tebhaga movement]] in the Dinajpur district of undivided Bengal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hashmi |first=Taj Ul-islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=veyoDwAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80&pg=PA242 |title=Pakistan As A Peasant Utopia: The Communalization Of Class Politics In East Bengal, 1920-1947 |date=2019-07-11 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-31037-5 |language=en}}</ref> He was elected to the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in [[1977 West Bengal state assembly election|1977]] and [[1982 West Bengal state assembly election|1982]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=🗳️ Moha Bachcha Munsi, Chopra Assembly Elections 1977 LIVE Results {{!}} Election Dates, Exit Polls, Leading Candidates & Parties {{!}} Latest News, Articles & Statistics {{!}} LatestLY.com |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1977/chopra/moha-bachcha-munsi/ |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1982 |url=https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |journal= | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127214606/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf | archive-date=2013-01-27}}</ref>

==Freedom struggle and Tebhaga movement==
His real name was Majitullah. Born in a poor peasant family, he later became involved in many groundbreaking movements. In 1939, in resistance to high interest rates on farm laborers in Dinajpur, present-day Bangladesh, he jumped into the militant movement with sharecroppers against moneylenders. He broke the stockpiles of landlords Debnath Saha and Triloikya Saha and distributed food among the afflicted people during the famine of 1942. [[M.A. Rasul|Abdullah Rasul]] named him Bachcha Munsi to avoid the surveillance of the British, this is the name by which he is best known.
In 1946, against the tyranny and oppression of the landlords and the Britishers the historic resistance of Tebhaga took place at Nilphamari in Rangpur district under the leadership of Bachcha Munsi and Narayan Barman. His ally Narayan Barman was martyred by the bullet of the zamindars. And as there was a death warrant in his name in East Pakistan, he fled to Chopra's Daspara. The [[Communist Party of India|Communist Party]]'s first public meeting in [[Islampur subdivision|Islampur area]] was held on 19 November 1956 at Dhanirhat, Chopra, where the red flag was hoisted for the first time and one of the initiators was Bachha Munsi. Then he continued to be involved in the [[Food Movement of 1959]] like other famous activities.
Bachcha Munshi was twice elected to the Chopra Assembly in 1977 and 1982. He died on 10 October 1987.

==Electoral history==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
!Election Year
!Constituency
!won/lost
!Votes Secured
!%
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Chopra Assembly constituency]]
|won
|16188
|42.37
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|won
|37279
|51.98
|}

==Legacy==
The school, ''Bachcha Munshi Smriti Balika Vidyalay'' in [[Chopra, Uttar Dinajpur]], is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachcha Munshi Smriti Balika Vidyalaya - Chopra, Uttar Dinajpur - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory |url=https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/bachcha-munshi-smriti-balika-vidyalaya-chopra-uttar-dinajpur-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |website=EduGorilla Listings |language=en-US |archive-date=26 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126134811/https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/bachcha-munshi-smriti-balika-vidyalaya-chopra-uttar-dinajpur-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The office of CPIM's Chopra Area Committee-1, the district office of SFI-DYFI at Raiganj Super Market and the district office of CPIM South Dinajpur at Balurghat are named Bachcha Munshi Bhavan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CPIM Chopra Party Office, Bachcha Munsi Bhavan · 9885+9HF, Chopra, Bhagabati, West Bengal 733207, India |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/9885%2B9HF+CPIM+Chopra+Party+Office,+Bachcha+Munsi+Bhavan,+Chopra,+Bhagabati,+West+Bengal+733207/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x39e4f9d1f6ddc2d1:0x3a3ae18d64497345?entry=gps&g_ep=CAESBzExLjI1LjMYACD___________8BKgA%3D |access-date=5 July 2022 |website=CPIM Chopra Party Office, Bachcha Munsi Bhavan · 9885+9HF, Chopra, Bhagabati, West Bengal 733207, India |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munsi, Bachcha}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1977–1982]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1982–1987]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Uttar Dinajpur district]]

Amrendra Kushwaha

2026-04-18T21:08:27Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Post

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Goh Assembly constituency]]
| predecessor = [[Bheem Kumar Yadav]]
| successor =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Amrendra Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician and a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] political party based in Indian state of [[Bihar]]. He was the district unit president of Rashtriya Janata Dal for Aurangabad district. In 2025, he was fielded as the candidate of RJD from [[Goh Assembly constituency]] of Aurangabad district and emerged victorious. He is currently serving as member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/aurangabad/news/amarendra-kushwaha-from-goh-amod-chandravanshi-from-navinagar-are-rjd-candidates-136216170.html|title= आरजेडी से डब्लू सिंह और भीम यादव का टिकट कटा:गोह से अमरेंद्र कुशवाहा, नवीनगर से आमोद चंद्रवंशी को मिला सिंबल; आज करेंगे नामांकन|website=Bhaskar|accessdate=28 November 2025}}</ref>

==Political career==
He contested his first legislative assembly election in 2025 on the symbol of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]. On 14 November 2025, after the final counting of votes, he was declared winner. He defeated his nearest political rival Ranvijay Kumar of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] to become an MLA for the first time, after serving as RJD's district unit president for Aurangabad for a long time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04219.htm|title=Goh Assembly constituency result 2025|website=Election Commission of India|accessdate=28 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/magadh-division-sees-sharp-increase-in-first-time-mlas/articleshow/125384987.cms|title=Magadh division sees sharp increase in first-time MLAs |website=The Times of India|accessdate=28 November 2025}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Binita Mehta]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Amrendra}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Aurangabad district, Bihar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Morappur Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:51:08Z

CryptoCurrencydon: starting info

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1977
| district = [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]
| loksabha_cons =
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| mla = [[V. Mullaivendhan]]
| name = Morappur
| electors= 1,73,038
| reservation =
| abolished= 2008
}}
'''Morappur''' is a [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly|legislative assembly]] constituency, that includes the city, [[Morappur, Tamil Nadu|Morappur]]. It is part of [[Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Assembly
! Duration
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Sixth]]
| 1977-80
| [[N. Kuppusamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Seventh]]
| 1980-84
| N. Kuppusamy
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eighth]]
| 1984-89
| [[T. Theerthagiri Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Ninth]]
| 1989-91
| [[V. Mullaivendhan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Tenth]]
| 1991-96
| [[K. Singaram]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Eleventh]]
| 1996-01
| V. Mullaivendhan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Twelfth]]
| 2001-06
| [[P. Palaniappan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|Thirteenth]]
| 2006-11
| V. Mullaivendhan
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

The constituency was merged into the newly formed [[Pappireddipatti Assembly constituency]] after the constituency delimitation in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==Election results==
===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 2006 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | access-date = 12 May 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Mullaivendhan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,962 |percentage=51.24% |change=16.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Singaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=51,771 |percentage=40.83% |change=-15.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Saravanan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=4,932 |percentage=3.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Pathmanapan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,116 |percentage=1.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Jayakumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,792 |percentage=1.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Thirumoorthi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,211 |percentage=0.96% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,191 |percentage=10.40% |change=-10.68% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=126,784 |percentage=73.27% |change= 12.13% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,038 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -5.07% }}
{{Election box end}}
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web |title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001 |url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Palaniappan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=62,266 |percentage=56.31% |change=27.97% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=E. V. Rajasekaran |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,950 |percentage=35.22% |change=-18.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Selvakumar |party=Tamil Desiyak Katchi |votes=3,355 |percentage=3.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Mathiazhagan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,709 |percentage=2.45% |change=0.03% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Vasantha |party=Independent politician |votes=1,402 |percentage=1.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chinnaraju |party=Independent politician |votes=1,167 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sathiavani |party=Independent politician |votes=450 |percentage=0.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Kamalasekar |party=Independent politician |votes=278 |percentage=0.25% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,316 |percentage=21.09% |change=-4.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=110,577 |percentage=61.14% |change= -9.30% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 180,856 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 2.33% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = 1996 Election Statistical Report | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Mullaivendhan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=59,518 |percentage=53.98% |change=31.39% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Singaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=31,244 |percentage=28.34% |change=-24.95% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Ramalingam |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=15,689 |percentage=14.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ravanan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=2,669 |percentage=2.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=320 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Sivakavi |party=Independent politician |votes=182 |percentage=0.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Kennedy |party=Independent politician |votes=169 |percentage=0.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ayyakannu |party=Independent politician |votes=159 |percentage=0.14% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Shanmugam |party=Independent politician |votes=117 |percentage=0.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Chandrasekaran |party=Independent politician |votes=70 |percentage=0.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Sekar |party=Independent politician |votes=61 |percentage=0.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,274 |percentage=25.65% |change=-3.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=110,250 |percentage=70.44% |change= 1.03% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 163,786 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 0.70% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf | archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Singaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,477 |percentage=53.29% |change=22.83% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Arunachalam |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=23,973 |percentage=23.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Samikannu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,678 |percentage=22.60% |change=-18.00% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Sathiyamoorthy |party=Tharasu Makkal Mandram |votes=225 |percentage=0.22% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,504 |percentage=29.40% |change=19.25% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,353 |percentage=69.41% |change= 5.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 148,890 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 12.69% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf | archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[V. Mullaivendhan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,038 |percentage=40.60% |change=5.57% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. G. Sekhar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,531 |percentage=30.46% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Venkatachalam |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,308 |percentage=19.45% |change=-31.31% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Manoharan |party=Independent politician |votes=4,922 |percentage=5.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Annamalai |party=Independent politician |votes=994 |percentage=1.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Rajaguru |party=Independent politician |votes=446 |percentage=0.53% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Sugadev |party=Independent politician |votes=338 |percentage=0.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Rathinasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=250 |percentage=0.30% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Raman |party=Independent politician |votes=241 |percentage=0.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Singaravelu |party=Independent politician |votes=164 |percentage=0.20% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. V. Chennan |party=Independent politician |votes=147 |percentage=0.18% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,507 |percentage=10.15% |change=-5.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=83,831 |percentage=64.00% |change= -8.99% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 133,712 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -10.16% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf | archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=T. Theerthagiri Gounder |party=Indian National Congress |votes=39,779 |percentage=50.77% |change=11.01% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Samikannu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,453 |percentage=35.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ramachandran |party=Independent politician |votes=8,813 |percentage=11.25% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. M. A. Mariappan |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,528 |percentage=1.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Marydass |party=Independent politician |votes=782 |percentage=1.00% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,326 |percentage=15.73% |change=-1.69% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,355 |percentage=72.99% |change= 0.96% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 115,821 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.41% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kuppusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,096 |percentage=57.18% |change=22.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Balasubramanian |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,967 |percentage=39.76% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Suadev |party=Janata Party |votes=1,089 |percentage=1.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. R. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=713 |percentage=0.95% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Theethan |party=Independent politician |votes=269 |percentage=0.36% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,129 |percentage=17.42% |change=14.99% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,370 |percentage=72.03% |change= 1.89% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 106,081 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 22.76% }}
{{Election box end}}
===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Morappur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India | title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977 | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. Kuppusamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,886 |percentage=34.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. P. Murugan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=21,270 |percentage=31.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Arunachalam |party=Janata Party |votes=13,770 |percentage=20.71% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. P. Rasu |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,616 |percentage=6.94% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Natarasan |party=Independent politician |votes=3,710 |percentage=5.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. G. Sekar |party=Independent politician |votes=139 |percentage=0.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. V. Anganna Chettiar |party=Independent politician |votes=108 |percentage=0.16% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,616 |percentage=2.43% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,499 |percentage=70.14% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 95,843 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|12.11|78.39|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Dharmapuri district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Rawalsar Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T22:38:08Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Started new entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rewalsar
|type= SLA
|state = Himachal Pradesh
|established = 1952
|abolished = 1957
|electors = 14,037
|mla = Gori Parshad
|party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district = [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Rewalsar Assembly constituency''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Gori Parshad || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Rewalsar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114191147/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HP.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Gori Parshad |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,332 |percentage=51.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Masat Ram |party=Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party |votes=1,984 |percentage=30.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Besar Ram |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=484 |percentage=7.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Muva |party=Socialist Party |votes=365 |percentage=5.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bikram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=280 |percentage=4.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,348 |percentage=20.92% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,445 |percentage=45.91% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,037 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{coord|31.63|76.83|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Mandi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1952]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 disestablishments in India]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Ishq Mein Marjawan 2

2026-04-13T02:02:28Z

CryptoCurrencydon:

{{short description|Indian thriller drama television series}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = ''Ek Baar Phir... Ishq Mein Marjawan''
| image = Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 (Photo).jpg
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator = [[Yash A Patnaik]]
| developer = Yash A Patnaik
| screenplay = Sameer Siddiqui
| story = Mamta Patnaik
| director = Noel Smith
| creative_director = Rakesh Ravikant Tak Nisha Boridkar Manjari Mukul
| starring = [[Helly Shah]] [[Rrahul Sudhir]] [[Vishal Vashishtha]]
| theme_music_composer = Toshi Sharib
| open_theme = ''Ishq Mein Marjawan''
| composer = Dony Hazarika Udbhav Ojha
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 216
| list_episodes =
| producer = Yash A Patnaik Mamta Patnaik
| cinematography = Shanoo Singh Rajput
| editor = Kshitija Khandagle
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 25 minutes
| company = Beyond Dreams Entertainment [[Inspire Films Private Limited]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|07|13|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2021|03|13|df=yes}}
| related = ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' ''[[Fanaa: Ishq Mein Marjawan]]'' 
}}

'''''Ishq Mein Marjawan 2''''' ({{Translation|I will die in this love}} 2) is an Indian [[romantic thriller]] television series and [[Spiritual successor|spiritual sequel]] to [[Ishq Mein Marjawan]] produced by [[Yash A Patnaik]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-helly-shah-on-ishq-mein-marjawan-2-we-had-just-shot-for-a-month-and-the-launch-had-to-be-postponed-due-to-lockdown/articleshow/75872993.cms|title =Exclusive – Helly Shah on Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: We had just shot for a month and the launch had to be postponed due to lockdown|website =[[The Times of India]]|date =22 May 2020}}</ref> It starred [[Helly Shah]], [[Rrahul Sudhir]] and [[Vishal Vashishtha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/vishal-vashishtha-and-rrahul-sudhir-in-ishq-mein-marjawan-2/articleshow/73247672.cms|title=Vishal Vashishtha and Rrahul Sudhir star in 'Ishq Mein Marjawan 2' opposite Helly Shah|website=The Times of India|date=14 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

The 216-episode series premiered on [[Colors TV]] on 13 July 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/ishq-mein-marjawan-2-streams-on-voot-select-now-ankit-siwach-to-play-a-villain-1779887-2021-03-16|title=Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 streams on Voot Select now, Ankit Siwach to play a villain|website=India Today|date=16 March 2021 }}</ref> and went off air on 13 March 2021. It shifted to digital streaming on [[Voot|Voot Select]] with a new Season named [[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]] from 15 March 2021.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}} The show ended on 5 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-11|title=Ishq Mein Marjawan 2 to Go Off-air Soon, Helly Shah Pens Emotional Note|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/ishq-mein-marjawan-2-to-go-off-air-soon-helly-shah-pens-emotional-note-3834104.html|access-date=2021-08-24|website=News18|language=en}}</ref>

It is the second installment of the ''Ishq Mein Marjawan'' series.

==Plot==
The story revolves around Riddhima, an orphaned physiotherapist who is madly in love with her fiancé Kabir Sharma, a cop who sends her on a mission as an undercover agent to nab Vansh Rai Singhania, a business tycoon running illegal businesses throughout Southeast Asia.

Riddhima enters Vansh's cruise party as a party planner. Events unfolding during the cruise lead to Vansh hiring her as his sister Sia's physiotherapist. Eventually, Vansh begins to doubt her and coerces her to marry him to find out her real intention. She agrees, upon being pressed by Kabir.

On the day following the marriage, Riddhima finds a statue of Vansh's ex-fiancée Ragini. Believing him to be Ragini's killer, she plans to discover the truth about Ragini's death as it could provide major evidence against Vansh.

Next, she comes across a secret room in the mansion, where Riddhima sees a painting and another woman's statue. The woman in the painting is in fact Vansh's biological mother, Uma Rai Singhania, who left him without saying a word when he was young. Slowly, after listening to his story, Riddhima develops a soft corner for Vansh.

Meanwhile, it is revealed that Kabir had never loved Riddhima. However, at present he was using her for his mission and is actually revealed to be Anupriya's biological son. Kabir wants revenge from Vansh for his father's death and Anupriya wants to usurp Vansh's position and his businesses. In the mansion, Vansh begins to fall for Riddhima after she takes a bullet for him. Contrary to Kabir's expectations, Riddhima too slowly begins to reciprocate her feelings for Vansh. With the fear of his mission's failure, Kabir plans to remind Riddhima of her past and mission but it doesn't affect her. A series of events reveals the truth about Anupriya's son to the Rai Singhania's. However, Anupriya manages to keep her son's identity a secret.

Meanwhile, Kabir asks Riddhima to find evidence about Ragini's murder. Nevertheless, Riddhima defends Vansh, saying that he cannot commit such a crime. The same day, Riddhima gets a memory card containing a video beneath Ragini's statue and secretly watches it. The video shows Vansh pointing a gun at Ragini however not shooting. Riddhima accidentally comes across Ragini only to find her alive and kept secretly under Vansh. Some misunderstandings make Riddhima believe that Vansh wants to harm Ragini, thus she joins Kabir to remove Ragini from the clutches of Vansh. Losing Ragini, Vansh breakdowns and reveals to Riddhima that his mother was actually murdered and Ragini knew the killer. A flashback showing Anupriya was the killer. A series of events lead Sia into knowing Riddhima's truth and thus blackmailing her to bring Ragini back to Vansh. Sia soon learns of Anupriya's crime but is injured and goes into coma because of the same. Ragini is shot by Kabir, and Vansh is falsely framed and arrested for the murder. Kabir and Anupriya make Vansh into believing that Riddhima betrayed him and he jumps off a cliff thus dying in front of both Riddhima and Kabir.

A lookalike of Vansh, 'Vihaan' is introduced. Meanwhile, Kabir enters VR mansion as Anupriya's son. Kabir reveals to Riddhima his entire plan leaving her helpless. Vihaan is a hacker and a gold-digger. He intentionally plans to meet Riddhima. Riddhima is initially surprised seeing Vihaan, but later joins hands with him to get rid of Kabir from VR mansion, in exchange for a large sum of money. But afterwards, Vihaan reveals to Riddhima that Vansh used him as a body double in dangerous situations. Later on, it is revealed that Vihaan is actually Vansh who is playing mind games with Riddhima to know the truth.

Later on, someone puts a bomb in Riddhima's sandal on [[Christmas]] Eve which Vansh takes out in the right time thus saving her. Vansh discloses that it was Anupriya who killed his mother gets her arrested. While leaving the mansion Anupriya attempts to shoot Vansh but Riddhima takes the bullet once again thus saving him. Vansh confesses to Riddhima that he is not Vihaan but Vansh. She is taken to the hospital and saved. Vansh and Riddhima confess their love for each other and consummate. They then return to the VR Mansion. Ahana enters the mansion to bring new twists and turns in their lives. Kabir later reveals that Ahana is his future wife. Meanwhile, Vansh challenges Riddhima to prove her love for him by killing Kabir. When Riddhima fails to do this, Vansh gets more mad. They go on a vacation where Vansh leaves her and returns to the VR mansion. At home, he holds a press conference, stating that Ahana is his wife. When Riddhima returns to the mansion, everyone claims to have forgotten her nevertheless, Sia wakes up from coma and starts calling her. Vansh, although having hatred for Riddhima, lets her stay as he wants Sia to recover. Riddhima is soon after kicked out of the mansion but Sia discloses the truth. Vansh realizes his mistakes and brings Riddhima back to the mansion and they reconcile. Soon after, Riddhima wants to find out what happened to her parents, which leaves Vansh shocked. It is later revealed that Vansh has a connection to Riddhima's parents' death. Vansh decides to marry Riddhima once again so Riddhima can focus on the wedding and not her parents however, during the marriage rituals, Riddhima learns about her parents' death. It was revealed that Ishani, Vansh's sister killed Riddhima's parents. Nevertheless, Vansh tells everyone that at the age of 15, he accidentally murdered Kabir's father and aunt. Riddhima misunderstood that Vansh had killed her parents and upon knowing the truth she punishes herself by walking on glass. However, Vansh saves and forgives her. Later, Kabir starts getting obsessed for Riddhima and realizes that he has lost her forever. Nevertheless, he doesn't accept his defeat and decides to win her back at any cost.

Later on, Riddhima becomes pregnant with Vansh's child however, Vansh is not ready to have a child because he thinks that his businesses world is too dangerous for him/her. Riddhima tries to convince him many times but he doesn't listen to her. Riddhima starts getting calls from the abortion center, but she doesn't talk to Vansh about it as she thinks it would stress him out more. However, Vansh later realizes his mistake and accepts the child. At the VR mansion, someone kidnaps Riddhima and takes her to the abortion centre but Riddhima somehow escapes and reaches the mansion. Vansh misunderstands their child for being no more and confronts Riddhima. Riddhima gets to know that Ishani was the person who had sent her to abortion centre and she reveals this to Vansh. Riddhima also tells Vansh that their baby is alive.

Vansh makes a plan to change his and Riddhima's identity to Aayansh and Shefali Malhotra and leave India. However, this plan was simply to distract their enemies. The actual plan was to fake their death in front of the family however, Aryan foils the plan. Kabir locks Vansh in a room full of fire but is later saved. Kabir tries to forcibly marry Riddhima but is saved by Vansh. Chang's goons chase Riddhima and Vansh. In order to save themselves from the goons, Vansh and Riddhima jump off the cliff.

==Cast==
===Main===
*[[Helly Shah]] as Riddhima Raisinghania: A [[Physiotherapist]] and part-time [[Party Planner]]; Vansh's wife; Ajay and Uma's daughter-in-law; Ishani and Sia's sister-in-law; Sara/Gayatri and Sejal's childhood friend; Kabir's ex-fiancé; (2020–2021)
* [[Rrahul Sudhir]] as Vansh Raisinghania: A Mafia [[Businessman]]; Ajay and Uma's son; Anupriya's step-son; Ishani and Sia's brother; Kabir's step-brother; Rudra and Chanchal's nephew; Aryan's cousin; Indrani's grandson; Riddhima's husband; Ragini's ex-fiancée; Ahana's fake husband (2020–2021)
*[[Vishal Vashishtha]] as Kabir Sharma: A Cunning [[Police officer|Cop]]; Anupriya's son; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's step-brother; Neha's colleague; Riddhima's ex fiancée and Ahana's fake fiancé (2020–2021)
===Recurring===
* Meenakshi Sethi as Indrani Raisinghania: Ajay and Rudra's mother; Vansh, Ishani, Siya and Aryan's grandmother (2020–2021)
* [[Zayn Ibad Khan]] as Angre: Vansh's loyal employee and right-hand; Ishani's husband (2020–2021)
* Khalida Jaan as Anupriya Raisinghania (formerly sharma): Ajay's second wife; Kabir's mother; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's step-mother; Daima (fake) (2020–2021)
* Chandni Sharma as Ishani Raisinghania: Ajay and Uma's first daughter; Vansh's younger sister; Siya's elder sister; Aryan's cousin; Anupriya's step daughter; Kabir's step sister; Sunny's ex fiancée; Angre's wife (2020–2021)
* Nikita Tiwari as Sia Raisinghania: Ajay and Uma's second daughter; Vansh and Ishani's younger sister; Aryan's cousin; Anupriya's step daughter; Kabir's step-sister (2020–2021)
* Geetu Bawa as Chanchal Raisinghania: Rudra's wife; Aryan's mother; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's aunt (2020–2021)
* Jay Zaveri as Rudra Raisinghania: Indrani's younger son; Ajay's younger brother; Chanchal's husband; Aryan's father; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's uncle (killed by Anupriya Sharma) (2020–2021)
* Manasvi Vashist as Aryan Raisinghania: Rudra and Chanchal's son; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's cousin; Kabir's step-cousin; Kiara and Sara/Gayatri's ex love interest (2020–2021)
* Bhavya Katri as Uma Raisinghania: Ajay's first wife; Vansh, Ishani and Sia's biological mother (2020)
* [[Swarda Thigale]]/ Sushmita Banik as Ragini; Vansh's ex fiancée (killed by Kabir Sharma) (2020)
*[[Mansi Srivastava]] as Ahana: Kabir's fake fiancée; Vansh's fake wife (2020–2021)
* Muohit Joushi as Sunny: Ishani's former fiancé (2020)
* Smita Sharan as Sejal: Riddhima's childhood friend (2020)
* Aashcharya Vikas as Chitwan: A novelist who is Chanchal's brother (2020)
* [[Mohit Sinha]] as Pingle: Kabir's friend and an agent (2020)
* Rajat Swani as Mishra: Kabir's assistant (2020)
* [[Madhurima Tuli]] as Neha: A secret agent and Kabir's colleague (2020) (Dead)
* Sushma Murudkar as Mrs. D'Souza: VR Mansion's housekeeper (killed by Anupriya Sharma) (2020)

===Special appearances===
* [[Jigyasa Singh]] as Heer Singh from ''[[Shakti - Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki]]'' (2020)
* [[Akshit Sukhija]] as Raja Reshammiya from [[Shubharambh]] (2020)
* [[Mahima Makwana]] as Rani Dave Reshammiya from ''[[Shubharambh]]'' (2020)
* [[Riya Sharma]] as Mayura Dubey from ''[[Pinjra Khoobsurti Ka]]'' (2020)
* [[Sahil Uppal]] as Omkaar Shukla from ''[[Pinjra Khoobsurti Ka]]'' (2020)
* [[Nimrit Kaur Ahluwalia]] as Meher Kaur Gill from ''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' (2020)

==Production==

===Development and premiere===
The first promo of the series was released on 22 January 2020 while the second appeared on 10 March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=22 January 2020|title=Ishq Mein Marjawan: Coming soon|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5c8v8gG5PQ|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=24 December 2020|website=YouTube|publisher=ColorsTV Promos}}</ref> The second promo revealed that the series would premiere on 30 March 2020. However, due to [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19 pandemic]], it was postponed to 13 July 2020.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===Filming===

On 24 September 2020, the filming was stopped for a few days when lead Rrahul Sudhir tested positive for COVID-19 but after his negative testing report, filming resumed thereafter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=EXCLUSIVE: 'Ishq Mein Marjawan 2' actor Rrahul Sudhir tests positive for COVID-19 - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-ishq-mein-marjawan-2-actor-rrahul-sudhir-tests-positive-for-covid-19/articleshow/78278951.cms|access-date=23 February 2021|website=The Times of India|date=23 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

===Extension===
''Ishq Mein Marjawan 2'' got an extension titled ''[[Ishq Mein Marjawan 2: Naya Safar]]'' aired from 15 March 2021 to 5 July 2021, replacing ''Ishq Mein Marjawan 2'' on [[Voot]].

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin-right:0%"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:Orange; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:Orange; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Networks(s)
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Last aired
! style="background:Orange; width:10%;"| Notes
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Manthira Punnagai (TV series)|Mandhira Punnagai]]'' மந்திர புன்னகை
| 1 August 2022
| [[Colors Tamil]]
| 25 November 2022
| Remake
|}

==Episodes==

{{Episode table |background=#B11030|overall= |title= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/ishq-mein-marjawan/100713|title=Ishq Mein Marjawan|website=[[Voot]]}}</ref> |country=In |episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = The tragic love saga unfolds!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima proposes the only love of her life Kabir, but destiny takes a drastic turn when Kabir chooses to hold his response and rushes to chase his arch-enemy, Vansh Raisinghania.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Kabir confronts Vansh!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After mercilessly killing Neha, Vansh Raisinghania attempts to escape but meets his fate, Kabir, who demands Vansh to surrender at gunpoint.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Riddhima gets caught spying!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The love for Kabir takes Riddhima to that extra mile as she agrees to spy Vansh, a rich businessman who has built an empire on his criminal acts. However, their plan nears the brink of failure when Riddhima is caught wearing spy equipment by the detector.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Riddhima is interrogated!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|16|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Siya tells everybody that Riddhima is harmless and that she is a simple physiotherapist, only trying to help her. However, Vansh is still not sure if Ridhima is telling the truth about herself or is she still hiding something from everyone. He is hell bent on finding the truth about her and exposing her lies, because if one thing he cannot tolerate, it's someone lying to his face.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Vansh's offer to Riddhima
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The relationship between Ridhima and Vansh has always been estranged and Vansh does not yet trust Rdhima and her dwindling truths. But his sister Sia, has developed a liking for Ridhima and wants her to be around to look after her. Giving in to his sister’s wishes, however, Vansh is still not convinced that Ridhima is telling the truth. But he offers the job to be Sia’s physiotherapist to Ridhima.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Vansh gets suspicious
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|20|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vansh for once has decided to do something for Ridhma to make her feel comfortable. He escorts Ridhima to her new room, which he has had especially built for her. The room he has made is the exact replica of her hostel room, so she feels comfortable and feels at home. It has the same decor, the same curtains and the same photographs. But standing in that room with Vansh terrifies Ridhima, and Vansh notices this.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Riddhima breaks the house rules
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|21|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vansh and Ridhima’s relationship has again come to a standstill. Vansh has always been suspicious of Ridhima, her reality, her identity and her motive to be around him and his sister. Up until now he has believed everything she has revealed about herself to be a lie. But today the game has gone to the next level. Vansh has put forth a gun on Ridhima’s head. Willing to shoot if not answered truthfully today.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Riddhima slaps Aryan!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|22|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima's heart starts pounding when she is confronted by the Raisinghanias for breaking the house rules on the very first day of her job. However, the situation takes a turn for the worse when Vansh's brother, Aryan, tries to cross his limits and, in return, receives a tight slap from Riddhima!
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Riddhima in trouble, again!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|23|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima's streak of bad luck continues after she gets into trouble by breaking the house rules again after Vansh catches her strolling through the backyard. But this time, Vansh does not take it as lightly as he did before.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Vansh accuses Riddhima!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|24|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = The suspicion around Riddhima grows as Vansh gets his hand on the makeup kit and cross-examines her. Moreover, he discovers that the makeup kit as a concealed transmitter inside it and accuses Riddhima of secretively spying on their family.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Riddhima is caught red-handed!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|25|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima breathes a sigh of relief when Kabir manages to deflect Vansh's suspicion to Aryan instead of her. Upon being given a day to prove her innocence, Riddhima tries to send a signal to Kabir for help by putting a red cloth outside the house but gets caught in the act.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = Kabir disguises to rescue Riddhima!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|26|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Kabir disguises as an electrician and enters inside Vansh's house to rescue Riddhima. However, Vansh smells something fishy and orders to lock down the mansion when Kabir disables the electricity and tries to approach her.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Riddhima's grievous mistake!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|27|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After Kabir escapes the mansion, an adamant Vansh grows more suspicious towards Riddhima and resolves to find the invader. Thereupon, Vansh gifts a new phone to Riddhima and without thinking about the consequences, she calls Kabir out of sheer excitement.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|Title = Riddhima decides to leave
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|29|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima is left relieved when the person being beaten up mercilessly by Vansh is not Kabir but someone else. However, noticing many innocent people being hurt, she hands her resignation to Vansh but is not permitted to leave.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|Title = Riddhima to marry Vansh!?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|30|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima gives her resignation letter to Vansh and walks out of the house. But before she could step out of the house, the gate is closed and she is escorted back to the house. Vansh tells her that his house is like a prison, to which only the entry is allowed but no one can leave without his will. She is now a prisoner in the house, and cannot leave by giving him a piece of paper. But this is not all, Vansh has announced that she will marry him in three days, and to say no to him is not an option.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|Title = Riddhima-Vansh get engaged!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|07|31|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Unable to find a way out of Vansh's clutches, Riddhima decides to make use of the situation by finding proof of his illegal businesses. To make her plan work flawlessly, she agrees to marry Vansh, and the two exchange rings and become engaged. There are only three days left until the wedding.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|Title = Riddhima in a tight spot!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After finding an opportunity to search for proof against Vansh, Riddhima accumulates the courage and enters a prohibited room that might contain evidence of his involvement in illegal practices. However, a sudden shock engulfs her senses as she tries to sneak out of the room when she realises that the door has been locked from outside!
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|Title = Riddhima injures herself!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|01|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = To sabotage the mehendi ceremony, Riddhima takes an impulsive decision and burns her hand. Subsequently, everyone is shocked when they see Riddhima's injured hand.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|Title = Riddhima takes measures
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|04|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Tension mounts between Vansh and Riddhima as he senses something wrong with her behaviour whereas she plans to get the pen drive with evidence against Vansh to a safe spot before he locates it.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|Title = Riddhima connects the dots
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|05|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima dumps Shera in the bowl of turmeric just when Vansh changes the dressing on her wound. However, once her Haldi ceremony commences, Riddhima is shocked to discover that Shera is nowhere in the turmeric bowls and tries to connect the dots that transpired during the ceremony.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|Title = Riddhima to sabotage the wedding?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|06|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Reminiscing the time she spent with Kabir, Riddhima dreads every moment as she prepares for the wedding. In a final attempt to stall the wedding, Riddhima decides to burn her bridal dress.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|Title = Kabir comes to rescue Riddhima!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|07|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Dressed as a bride, Riddhima feels hopeless after her attempts to find Shera fail before her forceful wedding with Vansh and is surprised to see her love, Kabir, who comes to rescue her!
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|Title = Riddhima changes her decision
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|08|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima takes a sigh of relief when she sees Kabir arriving for her rescue. Meanwhile, after failing to find Riddhima anywhere in the mansion, the family assumes that she has fled, but she appears at the wedding venue fully vibrant.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|Title = Riddhima to marry Vansh?
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|10|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = To everyone's surprise, Riddhima returns to the Mandap, and the wedding ceremony begins. As the priest recites the rituals, Riddhima recollects her conversation with Kabir and his request to marry Vansh.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|Title = Vansh brings a deadly gift
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|11|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After the wedding, Vansh discovers the precious jewel, Shera, in Riddhima's room and realises that she is the one who is spying on him. To uncover the truth, he holds her at gunpoint and questions her loyalty to the family.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|Title = Vansh lays a trap!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|12|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Vansh sets a trap by breaking the precious jewel Shera into small pieces and gives them to Riddhima. However, his suspicion turns out to be false as she refuses to recognise the jewel and shows no sign of panic or fear.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 27
|Title = Vansh is outraged!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|13|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima becomes accustomed to her marriage with Vansh, however, she soon finds Vansh scolding his housemaid for stepping in the backyard without his permission.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 28
|Title = A new mystery for Riddhima!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|14|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima finds the right opportunity and escapes to find evidence against Vansh's illegal business empire. Her efforts come to fruition when she stumbles upon a mysterious statue, hidden in the Raisinghania mansion.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 29
|Title = Vansh's surprising move!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|15|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = After getting caught by Vansh for trespassing into the mansion's backyard and trying to know about the ring on the mysterious statue, Riddhima limits herself from breaking the laws of the house. But to her surprise, Vansh confronts her and puts that very ring on her finger.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 30
|Title = Riddhima receives an ultimatum
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|17|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Riddhima tries to force Siya to tell her the truth about the statue and the ring that the statue had on its fingers. Siya's mother comes into the room and reprimands Riddhima for behaving like a spy in the house and not like a daughter-in-law. She warns her that if she continues with such behaviour, she will have to face fierce consequences because the house has certain rules to which she will have to abide by.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 31
|Title = Riddhima tries to connect the dots
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|08|18|df=yes}}
|ShortSummary = Anupriya warns Riddhima to stay out of any matter concerning Ragini and reveals that she is no more. Riddhima begins connecting the dots and owing to his temperament, she immediately suspects Vansh to be the murderer. Assuming that this was the mission she was sent on, Riddhima decides to inform Kabir of her finding.
|LineColor = B11030
}}

}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt12951874}}

{{Colors Programmes}}

[[Category:Indian mystery television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]

Sumit Hridayesh

2026-04-12T13:50:20Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up Initial Details More To Come - done

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sumit Hridayesh
| image =
| office = [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly|Member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Haldwani (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Haldwani]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| term_end =
| successor =
| predecessor = [[Indira Hridayesh]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Michigan State University]]
| mother = [[Indira Hridayesh]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sumit Hridayesh'''<ref name="jagran">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-uttarakhand-election-2022-late-indira-hridayesh-son-sumit-hridayesh-declared-congress-candidate-from-haldwani-seat-22406243.html|website=jagran.com|title=Uttarakhand Election 2022 Late Indira Hridayesh son Sumit Hridayesh declared Congress candidate from Haldwani Seat|access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref><ref name="india">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/haldwani-election-result-live-updates-round-wise-counting-of-votes-lead-trail-sumit-hridayesh-congress-samit-tikku-from-aap-5276857/|website=india.com|title=Haldwani Election Results 2022 Declared: Congress Candidate Sumit Hridayesh Wins by Margin of 7814 Votes|access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref> is an Indian politician and the MLA from [[Haldwani (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Haldwani Assembly constituency]].<ref name="jagran2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/nainital-sumit-hridayesh-won-from-haldwani-seat-but-lost-his-booth-22535123.html|website=jagran.com|title=Sumit Hridayesh won from Haldwani seat but lost his booth|access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="news18">{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/haldwani-uttarakhand-assembly-haldwani-seat-result-live-update-win-loss-dr-jogender-pal-singh-rautela-sumit-hridayesh-shoeb-ahmed-samit-tikkoo-abdul-mateen-siddiqui-jitendra-singh-nodnc-4035630.html|title=Haldwani Assembly Seat Result: हल्द्वानी सीट पर कांग्रेस का परचम, सुमित हृदयेश जीते - uttarakhand assembly haldwani seat result live update win loss dr jogender pal singh rautela sumit hridayesh shoeb ahmed samit tikkoo abdul mateen siddiqui jitendra singh nodnc – News18 हिंदी|website=hindi.news18.com|date=10 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Hridayesh had contested the Haldwani mayoral election in 2018 as a Congress candidate but lost to Jogendra Pal Singh Rautela of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) by a margin of 10,854 votes.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/will-address-garbage-problem-water-crisis-haldwani-mayor-elect/articleshow/66789444.cms</ref> In 2022, he was declared the Congress representative from [[Haldwani Assembly constituency]] following the death of his mother [[Indira Hridayesh]]. He won the seat by a margin of 7,814 votes, defeating the city's then mayor, Jogendra Pal Singh Rautela.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hridayesh, Sumit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Nainital district]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Uttarakhand-INC-politician-stub}}

Peshu

2026-04-09T18:34:09Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Started a info

{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}
{{One source|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Peshu
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Nagaland
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.054527|94.972324|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 3,447
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =[[Patsho Khiamniungan]] & Peshu
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = NL
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Peshu''' village is located in [[Thuonoknyu]] circle of [[Noklak]] district in Nagaland, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://noklak.nic.in/village-panchayats/|title=Village & Panchayats Name of Administrative Circle: Noklak – The Noklak Nagaland|date=21 January 2024|website=noklak.nic.in|access-date=21 March 2024|archive-date=10 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210072819/https://noklak.nic.in/village-panchayats/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It is situated 15 km away from sub-district headquarter Thuonoknyu<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nagalandtribune.in/noklak-peshu-range-students-union-restores-road-that-is-lifeline-of-thonoknyu-area/|title=Noklak Peshu Range students union restored road that is lifeline of Thuonoknyu area | newspaper=The Nagaland Tribune|date=28 July 2023|accessdate=16 August 2025}}</ref> and 111 km away from [[Tuensang]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]
[[Category:Villages in Tuensang district]]

INS Cheetah

2026-04-01T04:32:10Z

CryptoCurrencydon: creating some details more to come

{{more citations needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=INS Cheetah (L18) at sea.jpg
|image_caption=''Cheetah'' at sea
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name= INS ''Cheetah''
|namesake= [[Cheetah]]
|owner=
|operator=
|registry=
|route=
|ordered=
|awarded=
|builder=*[[Gdańsk Shipyard]]
*[[Stocznia Gdynia]]
|original_cost=
|yard_number=
|way_number=
|laid_down=
|launched=
|sponsor=
|christened=
|completed=
|acquired=
|commissioned= 30 November 1984
|recommissioned=
|decommissioned= 12 January 2024
|maiden_voyage=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|renamed=
|reclassified=
|refit=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|homeport=
|identification=[[Pennant number]]: L18
|motto=
|nickname=
|honours=
|honors=
|captured=
|fate=
|status= Decommissioned
|notes=
|badge=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= {{sclass|Kumbhir|tank landing ship}}
|type=
|tonnage=
|displacement= 1120 tons (standard)
|length= 83.9 m <ref>{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/landing_ships_kumbhir.htm |title=Surface Ships of Indian Navy |accessdate=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216124010/http://indiannavy.nic.in/landing_ships_kumbhir.htm |archivedate=2010-12-16 }}</ref>
|beam= 9.7 m
|height=
|draught= 1.3 metres (extreme bow and 2.58 metres (stern)
|draft=
|depth= 5.2 m
|hold_depth=
|decks=
|deck_clearance=
|ramps=
|ice_class=
|power=
|propulsion= 2 x 2200 hp Soviet Kolomna 40-D two stroke diesel engines.
|sail_plan=
|speed= {{convert|18|kn}}
|range=
|endurance=
|test_depth=
|boats=
|capacity=
|troops=
|complement= 120 (incl. 12 officers)
|crew=
|time_to_activate=
|sensors= SRN 7453 radar
|EW=
|armament=*2 × AK-230 30mm guns(absoluted)
|armour=
|armor=
|aircraft= 1 [[HAL Chetak]]
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Cheetah''''' was a {{sclass|Kumbhir|tank landing ship}} of the [[Indian Navy]].

==History==
Built at the [[Gdańsk Shipyard]] in Poland, INS ''Cheetah'' was commissioned on 30 November 1984

The ship was decommissioned on 12 January 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1995782|title=INS CHEETAH, GULDAR AND KUMBHIR DECOMMISSIONED AFTER 40 YEARS OF GLORIOUS SERVICE|date=2024-01-13|access-date=2024-01-17}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Kumbhir-class tank landing ship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cheetah}}
[[Category:Kumbhir-class tank landing ships]]
[[Category:1985 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Gdańsk]]
[[Category:Naval ships built in Poland for export]]

Gaurav Gupta

2026-03-25T14:52:06Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Made

{{Short description|Indian couturier}}
{{Promotional|date=May 2025}}
'''Gaurav Gupta''' is an avant-garde Indian couturier.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Sandra E. |date=2023-03-16 |title=The Designer Whose Swoops, Whorls and Waves Ruled the Red Carpet |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/16/us/gaurav-gupta-fashion-designer.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaurav Gupta celebrates 15 years ICW2019 {{!}} Femina.in |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/in-the-news/gaurav-gupta-celebrates-15-years-at-icw2019-130202.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=www.femina.in |language=en}}</ref> Gupta's work has been featured in events such Paris Haute Couture Week<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Desk |first=The Styles |date=6 Dec 2023 |title=Styles's 71 Most Stylish 'People' of 2023 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/06/style/best-dressed-people-2023.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Portee |first=Allyson |title=Gaurav Gupta Stuns In His SS23 Couture Collection During Haute Couture Week |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2023/01/27/gaurav-gupta-stuns-in-his-ss23-couture-collection-during-haute-couture-week/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Gaurav Gupta's Panther Prowls in Paris |url=https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/centrestage/reviews/gaurav-guptas-panther-prowls-in-paris-5569 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=www.thevoiceoffashion.com |language=en}}</ref> (on invitation of [[Fédération de la Haute Couture et de la Mode]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Makhija |first=Vinita |date=2022-12-23 |title=Gaurav Gupta's bringing his brand's DNA and surreal themes to Paris Haute Couture Week |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/gaurav-guptas-bringing-his-brands-dna-and-surreal-themes-to-haute-couture-week-in-paris/article66295699.ece |access-date=2023-10-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite news |title=International celebs who wore Indian designer Gaurav Gupta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/celeb-style/international-celebs-who-wore-indian-designer-gaurav-gupta/photostory/97768527.cms |access-date=2024-01-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His work is characterized by his origami style<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-31 |title=Lakme Fashion Week Summer/Resort 2019: Designer Gaurav Gupta gave a theatrical opening |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/lakme-fashion-week-summer-resort-designer-gaurav-gupta-collection-5561900/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> sculptural style patterns with pleating and lifting.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-06 |title=Gaurav Gupta on being a culturalist, and designing red carpet gowns for Megan Thee Stallion, Cardi B, Jennifer Hudson|url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/gaurav-gupta-on-being-a-culturalist-and-designing-red-carpet-gowns-for-megan-thee-stallion-cardi-b-jennifer-hudson-10520311.html |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Richford |first=Rhonda |date=2023-01-26 |title=Gaurav Gupta Couture Spring 2023 |url=https://wwd.com/runway/spring-couture-2023/paris/gaurav-gupta/review/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> Gupta is known to use traditional Indian embroidery techniques like zardozi, nakshi and dabka and borrow abstract patterns from nature.<ref name=":7" /> He is the third Indian designer to present at the couture week, following [[Rahul Mishra]] (who has consistently showcased since 2020) and Vaishali S (in 2021).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":17" />

== Early life and career ==
Gupta grew up in New Delhi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |title=How Gaurav Gupta Became India's Buzziest Couturier |language=en |work=Fashionista |url=https://fashionista.com/2023/04/gaurav-gupta-couture-designer-interview |access-date=2023-10-21}}</ref> His family owned a steel business.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Rubina A. |date=2023-02-23 |title=Couturier Gaurav Gupta on Bringing About Cultural Collaboration |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/couturier-gaurav-gupta-shunya-collection-paris-haute-couture-week-cardi-b/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Rolling Stone India |language=en-US}}</ref> He graduated from the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]] in 2000 and from [[Central Saint Martins]] in 2003.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-08 |title=Why Does Fashion Need Haute Couture? |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/opinions/fashion-week/why-does-fashion-need-haute-couture/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=The Business of Fashion |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Gaurav Gupta on being bullied for his sexuality, and how fashion gave him a voice |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/pride-month-designer-gaurav-gupta-on-being-bullied-for-homosexuality-and-how-fashion-gave-him-a-voice |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Rubina A. |date=2023-03-03 |title=Gaurav Gupta Couture Artistry: Why Global Music Superstars Love The Indian Designer |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/style-luxury/fashion/gaurav-guptas-couture-artistry-fashion-style-news/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Man's World India |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":22" /> He then worked with [[Hussein Chalayan|Hussein Chalaya.]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Gaurav Gupta {{!}} BoF 500 {{!}} The People Shaping the Global Fashion Industry |url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/gaurav-gupta |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=The Business of Fashion |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> He started his label, with his own name in 2005<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tse |first=Samantha |date=2023-01-28 |title=Indian fashion designer Gaurav Gupta makes his Paris Haute Couture Week debut |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/gaurav-gupta-paris-haute-couture-week/index.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-06 |title=Gaurav Gupta on being a culturalist, and designing red carpet gowns for Megan Thee Stallion, Cardi B, Jennifer Hudson|url=https://www.firstpost.com/art-and-culture/gaurav-gupta-on-being-a-culturalist-and-designing-red-carpet-gowns-for-megan-thee-stallion-cardi-b-jennifer-hudson-10520311.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11" /> with his brother as co-director.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Gaurav Gupta redefines Indian fashion on the global stage |url=https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/gaurav-gupta-redefines-indian-fashion-on-the-global-stage |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Vogue Business |language=en-US}}</ref> However the label was properly launched only in 2006, since Gupta went to Istanbul to work as an art director in [[Istanbul]] for a company.<ref name=":3" />

Gupta's business model consists of both e-tail business and brick-mortar stores in [[Delhi]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Kolkata]]<ref name=":23">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-10 |title=Gaurav Gupta: 'I wanted to come up with a new aesthetic in jewellery' |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/gaurav-gupta-i-wanted-to-come-up-with-a-new-aesthetic-in-jewellery-111641453467157.html |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tse |first=Samantha |date=2023-01-28 |title=Indian fashion designer Gaurav Gupta makes his Paris Haute Couture Week debut |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/gaurav-gupta-paris-haute-couture-week/index.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-04 |title=A new Gaurav Gupta flagship store in Mumbai's Kala Ghoda is part culture museum, part fashion store |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/a-new-gaurav-gupta-flagship-store-in-mumbais-kala-ghoda-is-part-culture-museum-part-fashion-store |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Gaurav Gupta's Delhi store serves up a flamboyant palette |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/magazine-story/photos-of-gaurav-guptas-new-store-in-delhi/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":21" /> In United States, the business uses multi-designer store Neiman Marcus and online retailer Moda Operandi<ref name=":9" /> for retail.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=I am a sophisticated hippie, says Gaurav Gupta |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//fashion/trends/gaurav-gupta-designer-paris-haute-couture-week-india-couture-week-interview-cardi-b-111689872826216.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> He also introduced a fine jewelry collection<ref name=":23" /><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-10 |title=Gaurav Gupta: 'I wanted to come up with a new aesthetic in jewellery' |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/talking-point/gaurav-gupta-i-wanted-to-come-up-with-a-new-aesthetic-in-jewellery-111641453467157.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> and hosted an art exhibition at the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] in Mumbai.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-19 |title=You can be experimental but still timeless: Gaurav Gupta |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com//news/big-story/you-can-be-experimental-but-still-timeless-gaurav-gupta-111605756973123.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Mintlounge |language=en}}</ref> In 2019, he introduced his home decor label, displayed at Gupta's flagship store in [[Mehrauli]], New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-20 |title=Fashion designer Gaurav Gupta launches his decor label with the most fantastical pieces |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/magazine-story/delhi-gaurav-gupta-furniture-home-decor-brand/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":19" />

[[The Indian Express|Indian Express]] credited him for reviving bridal couture in India.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=The Year Belongs To Gaurav Gupta |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/et-al-express-insight/the-year-belongs-to-gaurav-gupta/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He also collaborated with [[IBM]] to create an artificial intelligence-inspired sari-gown using [[IBM Watson]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-22 |title=IBM and Gaurav Gupta's cognitive sari-gown is nothing like you've ever seen before |url=https://www.vogue.in/story/ibm-gaurav-guptas-cognitive-sari-gown-nothing-like-youve-ever-seen/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> Lately, a collaborative effort between Gupta and perfumer Jahnvi Lakhota Nandan resulted in the fragrance named ‘Again’.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-31 |title=Fashion designer Gaurav Gupta unveils new perfume in Mumbai |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/designer-gaurav-gupta-perfume-launch/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Architectural Digest India |language=en-IN}}</ref> Gupta was included in a British documentary for [[2012 Summer Olympics|London Olympics 2012.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-22 |title=Gaurav Gupta documented by the British Government |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/gaurav-gupta-documented-british-government |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> The journey began when rapper Cardi B chose to wear his cream-toned sculptural dress in the remix video of "No Love" (March 2022).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise and Rise of Gaurav Gupta |url=https://www.thevoiceoffashion.com/centrestage/features/the-rise-and-rise-of-gaurav-gupta-5041 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=www.thevoiceoffashion.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Notable Clients/Events ==
Throughout the year 2022, Gupta provided attire for prominent figures such as Megan Thee Stallion at the [[Academy Awards|Oscars]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] at [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]],<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-06 |title=Swirl domination: How Gaurav Gupta's gowns took over global fashion |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/swirl-domination-how-gaurav-gupta-s-gowns-took-over-global-fashion-101696535066564.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=How Gaurav Gupta Won the Red Carpet |url=https://www.thejuggernaut.comgaurav-gupta-interview-cardi-b-aishwarya-rai-indian-fashion/ |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=The Juggernaut |language=en}}</ref> Cardi B in a music video, as well as [[Lizzo]], [[Kylie Minogue]], [[Maluma]]<ref name=":18" /> at the [[Billboard Latin Music Awards|Latin Billboards]],<ref name=":11" /> and [[Fan Bingbing]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":17" /><ref name=":24" />

[[Cardi B]] in early February was seen wearing a wavy cobalt blue dress in the [[Grammy Awards|Grammys]] red carpet that was designed by Gupta. The star and creator of the sitcom “Abbott Elementary’, [[Quinta Brunson]], was also seen wearing a Gaurav Gupta design the color of café au lait, while hosting the Billboard Women in Music Awards ceremony.<ref name=":0" />

During her [[Atlanta]] performance, [[Beyoncé]] wore a distinctive neon green sari, a customary South Asian attire crafted by Gaurav Gupta, which was a part of the [[Renaissance World Tour|Renaissance world tour]] wardrobe, featuring three distinct looks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-03 |title=Beyoncé: Meet the designer who made her sparkle on tour |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-67588067 |access-date=2024-01-13 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":9" />

His work has been worn by [[Tems]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Angela Bassett]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], Natasha Poonawalla, [[Kriti Sanon]], [[Janhvi Kapoor]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]], [[Shakira]] (for the cover of Billboard),<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=18 iconic celebrity looks from Gaurav Gupta that became a red carpet sensation |url=https://www.vogue.in/gallery/18-iconic-celebrity-looks-from-gaurav-gupta-that-became-a-red-carpet-sensation |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Vijay Varma]], [[Deepika Padukone]],<ref name=":15" /> [[Aja Naomi King]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-27 |title=Gaurav Gupta breaks down the method undergirding his eclectic red-carpet celebrity sightings |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/gaurav-gupta-breaks-down-the-method-undergirding-his-eclectic-red-carpet-celebrity-sightings |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Michaela Jaé Rodriguez]], [[Diipa Buller-Khosla|Diipa Büller-Khosla]], [[Jennifer Hudson]]<ref name=":18" /> (at 2022 Producers Guild Awards),<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-19 |title=At the newly launched Gaurav Gupta Atelier, the only rule is that there are no rules |url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/at-the-newly-launched-gaurav-gupta-atelier-the-only-rule-is-that-there-are-no-rules |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Vogue India |language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Jenna Ortega]] (at [[Saturday Night Live]]), [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.|Jr NTR]] at the [[Academy Awards|Oscars]],<ref name=":6" /> [[Mary J. Blige|Mary J Blige]] to the Time 100 Gala,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":21" /> [[Bebe Rexha]], [[Sharon Stone]],<ref name=":21" /> [[Luis Fonsi]], Ashanti, Thalia, [[Jeremy Pope]]<ref name=":18" /> and [[Saweetie]]<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":21" /> and many others.<ref name=":0" /> Among his various global engagements was his participation in Prince Charles' annual Animal Ball charity event in [[London]], where he crafted a masquerade mask inspired by hummingbirds.<ref name=":13" /> In 2019, Gaurav's brand collaborated with Maison Bose, a luxury communication consultancy in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=":9" />

== Personal life ==
In an interview with [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] Gupta shared his experiences growing up as a [[gay]] individual in 1990s India. The conversation explored the challenges he faced in pursuing his passion and how those struggles still shape his work today.<ref name=":14" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Gaurav}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian courtiers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Alumni of Central Saint Martins]]
[[Category:National Institute of Fashion Technology alumni]]
{{Improve categories|date=November 2023}}

Malaal (film)

2026-03-18T20:04:27Z

CryptoCurrencydon: fixed issues

{{short description|2019 Indian Hindi-language romance film}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Malaal
| image = Malaal poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Mangesh Hadawale]]
| story = [[Selvaraghavan]]
| writer = {{ubl|Mangesh Hadawale|Sanjeev|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]}}
| based_on = ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' by Selvaraghavan
| producer = [[Bhushan Kumar]] [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]] Sanjay Leela Bhansali [[Mahaveer Jain]]
| starring = {{ubl|[[Meezaan Jafri]]|[[Sharmin Segal]]}}
| cinematography = Ragul Dharuman
| editing = Rajesh G. Pandey
| music = {{ubl|'''Songs:'''|Sanjay Leela Bhansali|Shreyas Puranik|Shail Hada|'''Score:'''|[[Sanchit Balhara and Ankit Balhara]]}}
| studio = {{ubl|Bhansali Productions|[[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|07|5|ref1=<ref name="0:" />}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|link=yes}}2.50 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/malaal/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|title=Malaal Box Office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=5 July 2019 |accessdate=13 July 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''''Malaal''''' ({{translation|Regret}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic drama film]] written and directed by [[Mangesh Hadawale]] in his Hindi directorial debut and produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Bhushan Kumar]], [[Mahaveer Jain]] and [[Krishan Kumar (actor)|Krishan Kumar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-launch-niece-sharmin-segal-opposite-javed-jaffrey-s-son-meezaan-in-malaal/story-ctQghnTHuaCvZdB2G2W8xH.htmll|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518101212/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-launch-niece-sharmin-segal-opposite-javed-jaffrey-s-son-meezaan-in-malaal/story-ctQghnTHuaCvZdB2G2W8xH.htmll|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 May 2019|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali to launch niece Sharmin Segal opposite Javed Jaffrey's son Meezaan in Malaal|website=Hindustan Times|date=16 May 2019|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="1:">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/170519/sanjay-leela-bhansali-to-launch-newcomers-this-week.html|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali to launch newcomers this week|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=18 May 2019|date=17 May 2019}}</ref> A remake of the 2004 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-[[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual film ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' by writer-director [[Selvaraghavan]], it follows a contemporary love story between Astha Tripathi and Shiva More, played by debutants [[Sharmin Segal]] and [[Meezaan Jafri]], who are from contrasting backgrounds and live in a Mumbai [[chawl]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/malaal-trailer-newbies-meezaan-jaaferi-and-sharmin-sehgal-are-all-set-to-redefine-love-in-their-debut-film/articleshow/69385541.cms|title='Malaal' trailer: Newbies Meezaan Jaaferi and Sharmin Sehgal are all set to redefine love in their debut film|website=Times of India|date=18 May 2019|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/malaal-trailer-peppy-music-fuels-meezaan-and-sharmin-segals-tragic-love-story-2146099.html|website=News 18|title=Malaal Trailer:Peppy Music Fuels Meezaan and Sharmin Segal's Tragic Love Story|date=18 May 2019|access-date=18 May 2019}}</ref>

The film was theatrically released in India on 5 July 2019.<ref name="rd:" /><ref name="0:">{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/malaal-sharmin-segal-meezaans-bollywood-debut-film-to-now-release-on-5-july-6700211.html|title=Malaal: Sharmin Segal, Meezaan's Bollywood debut film to now release on 5 July|website=Firstpost|access-date=25 May 2019|date=25 May 2019}}</ref>

==Plot==
Shiva More is an unemployed [[Marathi people|Marathi]] youth who is unable to get a job and is a final year B.A. student living in a chawl in [[Mumbai]]. During a local cricket match, Sawant, the Marathi fanatic politician in town, notices Shiva and recruits him into his party, so he and his friends are given the task of prohibiting migration from [[North India]] in order to protect Maharashtrian interests. Some days later, Astha Tripathi, a young woman who has relocated from her palatial bungalow moves into the chawl with her family, comprising her mother Rajni, father Umashankar and brother Deepu. Umashankar lost a lot of money in faulty investments and hence the family's fortunes fell. Shiva and his friends have constant altercations with Astha and her family in the initial days, but one night when Astha confronts him alone and advises him to prove his worth, Shiva makes an impressive response, and they start talking to each other. Even as she is set to marry her childhood friend Aditya, who hates him, Astha is drawn to Shiva and befriends him after Shiva fights off some goons in Aditya's employ. All this while, Shiva has constantly been earning the ire of his parents, who want him to do something. Astha begins tutoring Shiva's sister, and the radically opposite duo get attracted to each other, more so during the [[Ganesh Chaturthi]] celebrations.

Shiva falls head over heels in love with Astha and tries confessing his feelings to her quite a few times. He gets roughed up by the public when he is mistakenly accused of trying to molest her, when the bus they were traveling on suddenly brakes and he is hurled towards her. Astha's stance towards Shiva softens when she observes his restraint and realizes his intentions were honest. Later on, Shiva leaves Sawant's side and Astha relents and spends an entire day with him. He takes her to the [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]] when Rajni and Umashankar are out of town, but the two return earlier, only to find Astha with Shiva. Angered, they try to separate Shiva from Astha, but he remains firm in his decision to wait for Astha, who promises to him that she will try talking to her parents if he tops his exams. However, on the day of the exam, he is framed for cheating, and ends up unwittingly slapping the proctor in trying to prove his innocence. The action gets him arrested and his father and Astha bail him out. As Astha's parents force her to go out on a dinner date with Aditya on the same night this happens, Shiva feels disheartened seeing them together. However, Astha confesses to her diary that she loves Shiva the way he is and has a lot of expectations from him. She confronts Shiva the next evening as he is drinking with his friend and advises him to move on from the unfortunate episode in the exam hall. She then introduces him to a successful stock broker who agrees to employ Shiva in his firm. Initially Shiva is reluctant because he has to work his way up from the bottom but Astha persuades him and when the stock broker informs him of Astha's concern for him, he accepts. He quickly gets his way through, and settles well in his job, reconciling with his parents after giving them his first pay cheque.

Astha expects Shiva to open his bank account, but when he finds out that she is now engaged to Aditya, Shiva storms out in anger, while Astha moves out of the chawl. Several days later, he is able to track down Astha to her house, and convinces her. When they next meet, Astha takes Shiva to her friend's house, where they end up making love, and Astha tells him about her impending marriage, to which Shiva reacts by breaking down and promising to her that he will always be there for her, and she could have prevented all this fiasco in the first place.

While they are walking away, Astha realizes she forgot the keys to her friend's house, and starts walking back as she tells Shiva to wait, when she is suddenly hit by a truck. He tries to save her, but is hit by a car. News reaches both families, and Shiva survives, but upon recovery, he is shocked beyond words to find Astha dead, and his guilt of not having to spend the last moments peacefully with her gets the better of him and makes him mentally unstable. Meanwhile, Rajni visits Shiva's house and leaves him Astha's diary, in which she wrote about the love she had for him. Emotionally shattered, Shiva closes the diary, and the scene shifts to present day, where he has just finished reading the diary again, having become a successful trader, and imagines Astha standing by his side, even as he imagines talking to her, being mentally unstable till date.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Meezaan Jafri]] as Shiva More
* [[Sharmin Segal]] as Astha Tripathi
* [[Sameer Dharmadhikari]] as Sawant
* [[Sonal Jha]] as Rajni Tripathi, Astha's mother
* [[Ishwak Singh]] as Aditya, Astha's childhood friend
* Sanjay Gurbaxani as Umashankar Tripathi, Astha's father
* Anil Gawas as Prabhakar More, Shiva's father
* Chinmayee Surve as Vijaya More, Shiva's mother
* Badri Chavan as Nandu, Shiva's best friend
* Chetan Chitnis as Babban, Shiva's crony
* Sunil Tawde as Mr. Bhonsle, Astha's landlord
*Prachi Kadam as Sonu More, Shiva's sister
}}

==Production==
[[Principal photography]] began in September 2018 in [[Mumbai]]. The second schedule of the filming was planned in foreign locations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-bhansalis-next-malaal-goes-floor/|title=Sanjay Bhansali's next Malaal goes on the floor|first=Ali|last= Peter John|date=15 September 2019|access-date=18 May 2019|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> Filming was concluded in March 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sanjay-leela-bhansalis-malaal-featuring-debutants-meezaan-jaffrey-sharmin-segal-release-date/|title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Malaal featuring debutants Meezaan Jaffrey and Sharmin Segal to release on THIS DATE!|date=16 March 2019|access-date=18 May 2019|website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Malaal
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Shreyas Puranik]] and [[Shail Hada]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 21 June 2019 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/malaal/,Q7p5VIHnKs_|title= Malaal - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |date= 21 June 2019 |publisher=Jio Saavn}}</ref>
| recorded = 2019
| venue =
| studio = Mixed and Mastered: Rahul M Sharma @AMV Studio
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 21:23
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Jackie Vanjari
| chronology = [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]
| prev_title = [[Padmaavat]]
| prev_year = 2018
| year = 2019
| next_title = [[Gangubai Kathiawadi]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|Xduq8rT-NmY|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

The music of the film is composed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]], [[Shreyas Puranik]] and [[Shail Hada]] and lyrics written by Prashant Ingole, Vimal Kashyap and [[A. M. Turaz]].

{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 21:23
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aila Re
| extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]] Rap: Shreyas Puranik
| lyrics1 = Prashant Ingole
| length1 = 3:11
| title2 = Udhal Ho
| extra2 = [[Adarsh Shinde]]
| lyrics2 = Prashant Ingole
| length2 = 3:34
| title3 = Nad Khula
| extra3 = Shreyas Puranik
| note3 = Music by Shreyas Puranik
| lyrics3 = Prashant Ingole
| length3 = 3:18
| title4 = Aai Shappath
| extra4 = Rutvik Talashilkar
| lyrics4 = Prashant Ingole
| length4 = 2:39
| title5 = Kathai Kathai
| extra5 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| lyrics5 = [[A. M. Turaz]], Prashant Ingole
| length5 = 3:01
| title6 = Zara Suno
| extra6 = Rutvik Talashilkar, [[Aanandi Joshi (singer)|Aanandi Joshi]]
| note6 = Music by Shail Hada
| lyrics6 = Vimal Kashyap
| length6 = 2:46
| title7 = Ek Malaal
| extra7 = Shail Hada
| lyrics7 = Prashant Ingole
| length7 = 2:54
}}
==Release==
The film was scheduled to release on 28 June 2019, but was released theatrically on 5 July 2019.<ref name="0:"/><ref name="rd:">{{cite tweet|user=taran_adarsh| author=Taran Adarsh|date=25 May 2019|number = 1132217485321621505 |title=New release date... #Malaal will now release on 5 July 2019... Sanjay Leela Bhansali introduces Sharmin Segal and Meezaan in the film... Directed by Mangesh Hadawale. https://t.co/Rd3qzAD2vZ}}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical response===

Sreeparna Sengupta of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3.5/5 stars, praising the performance of debutants Meezaan and Sharmin Segal and their onscreen chemistry, termed it as a 'simmering love story' with 'romantic and intense moments'. Sengupta feels the background music 'addictive' and cinematography 'top notch'. Concluding, Sengupta wrote, "''Malaal'' is reminiscent of sweet romances when handwritten notes were actually a thing and it’s tender moments like these that sets the film apart. This one is for those who want to soak themselves into a full-blown love story."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/malaal/movie-review/70083359.cms|title=MALAAL MOVIE REVIEW|work=The Times of India|first=Sreeparna|last=Sengupta|date=5 July 2019|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Priyanka Sinha Jha of [[News18]], terms the debut duo of Meezaan and Sharmin Segal 'charming in parts', but 'rough around the edges' and rates the film with 2.5/5 stars. Agreeing with Sengupta, she praises the music but feels that Mangesh Hadawale’s direction 'lacks the finesse'. Concluding, she writes, "''Malaal'' lacks the pathos it needed to soar to greater heights than the Tamil original (which is the source material for the film) to make Hindi cinema audiences sit up and take notice."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/malaal-movie-review-meezaan-sharmins-film-lacks-the-pathos-it-needed-2219151.html|title=Malaal Movie Review: Meezaan, Sharmin's Film Lacks the Pathos It Needed|last=Sinha Jha|first=Priyanka|date=5 July 2019|work=[[News18]]|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> Writing for ''[[NDTV]]'', [[Saibal Chatterjee]] praised cinematographer Ragul Dharuman for 'depth of view', production designer Akriti Piplani for carving out spaces, Meezaan for screen presence and Sharmin Segal for meeting the 'demands of the character'. He opined that the debut duo cannot be 'just dismissed as two more beneficiaries of a nepotistic movie industry'. He felt that the retro soundscape put the life in the film whenever it languished, and it would have been better if the film had the courage to stress upon the 'power of love to surmount divisive forces'. He concluded the review as, "[''Malaal''] abandons the topical concern and settles for a construct that drifts towards a tame, sanitized finish." He rated it with 2.5/5 stars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/malaal-movie-review-meezan-jaaferi-sharmin-segal-grow-on-you-in-this-romantic-drama-2-5-stars-out-of-2064693|title=Malaal Movie Review: Meezaan Jaaferi, Sharmin Segal Grow On You In This Romantic Drama|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|date=5 July 2019|website=NDTV|accessdate=5 July 2019}}</ref> Devesh Sharma reviewing for ''[[Filmfare]]'' rates the film with 3.5/5 stars. He praises Meezaan and Sharmin and opines that the industry has found two performers in them. Agreeing with Sengupta, he feels that it is a simmering love story, not like the stories commonly seen these days. He recommends, "Watch the film for its old-fashioned love story and realistic performances..."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/movie-review-malaal-34732.html|title=Movie Review: Malaal|last=Sharma|first=Devesh|date=5 July 2019|website=Filmfare|access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>

===Box office===

''Malaal'' had a total worldwide revenue of {{INR|25.0 million}}. It was declared to be a “disaster” by [[Box Office India|India’s box office]].

==Home media==
The film became available as [[Video on demand|VOD]] on [[Netflix]] in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaal|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81177238?s=a&trkid=13747225&t=cp|website=Netflix|date=September 2019|accessdate=29 September 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Malaal}}
* {{IMDb title|10305616}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|malaal}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|m/malaal}}

{{Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}

[[Category:2019 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Telugu films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) films]]
[[Category:Films about depression]]
[[Category:2019 romantic drama films]]

Vishwaroopam II

2026-03-15T12:06:27Z

CryptoCurrencydon: correct formatting further and added references based on references

{{short description|2018 film by Kamal Haasan}}
{{About|the 2018 film|other uses|Vishwaroopam (disambiguation)}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vishwaroopam II
| image = Vishwaroopam II.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| story = Kamal Hassan
| producer = Kamal Haasan [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] Jude S. Walko
| writer = {{unbulleted list| Kamal Haasan | [[Chakri Toleti]] | Atul Tiwari {{small|(Hindi dialogues)}} }}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Kamal Haasan
* [[Shekhar Kapur]]
* [[Rahul Bose]]
* [[Pooja Kumar]]
* [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
}}
| music = [[Ghibran|Ghibran Muhammad]]
| cinematography = [[Sanu Varghese]] [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sahasam-Shamdat-filming-Viswaroopam-2/articleshow/20473588.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016214621/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-07/news-interviews/39814476_1_pooja-kumar-viswaroopam-2-kamal-hassan |url-status=live |archive-date=16 October 2013 |title='Sahasam' Shamdat filming Viswaroopam 2 |date=7 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=12 June 2013}}</ref>
| editing = {{plainlist|
* [[Mahesh Narayanan|Mahesh Narayan]]
* Vijay Shankar<ref name="twitter.com">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RKFI_Official/status/1005411948781920256?s=17|title=Raaj Kamal on Twitter|access-date=10 June 2018|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715223921/https://twitter.com/RKFI_Official/status/1005411948781920256?s=17|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
| studio = {{plainlist|
* [[Raaj Kamal Films International]],<ref name="twitter.com"/>
* Aascar Films PVT. Limited
}}
| distributor = {{plainlist|
* [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
* [[Rohit Shetty|Rohit Shetty Picturez]] and [[Reliance Entertainment]] {{small|'''(Hindi)'''}}
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|08|10}}
| runtime = 150 minutes<ref name="Runtime">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/vishwaroopam-2-film |title=''VISHWAROOPAM 2'' (15) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=5 August 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805215251/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/vishwaroopam-2-film |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Tamil Hindi
| budget = 
| gross = {{estimated}} {{INR|link=yes}}50 [[crore]]<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news|title=Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-kamal-haasans-last-five-movies-box-office-stats/photostory/91988285.cms|access-date=1 June 2023|archive-date=8 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808145736/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/vikram-kamal-haasans-last-five-movies-box-office-stats/photostory/91988285.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''''Vishwaroopam II''''', is a 2018 Indian [[action film|action]] [[spy film]] written and directed by [[Kamal Haasan]] and co-written by Atul Tiwari and [[Chakri Toleti]]. It is the [[sequel]] to ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'' (2013) and features Kamal Haasan alongside [[Shekhar Kapur]], [[Rahul Bose]], [[Pooja Kumar]] and [[Andrea Jeremiah]], reprising their roles.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prepared-to-take-on-protests-for-vishwaroopam-2-as-a-politician-kamal-haasan/articleshow/64552024.cms |title=Prepared to take on protests for Vishwaroopam 2 as a politician: Kamal Haasan |newspaper=The Times of India |last1=Suganth |first1=M. |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723074338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/prepared-to-take-on-protests-for-vishwaroopam-2-as-a-politician-kamal-haasan/articleshow/64552024.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> While the first film was set in the United States, ''Vishwaroopam II'' takes place in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Vishwaroopam-2-to-have-mother-son-angle/articleshow/18927440.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927070410/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-12/news-interviews/37650368_1_kamal-hassan-viswaroopam-2-mother-son |url-status=live |archive-date=27 September 2013 |title=Vishwaroopam-2 to have mother-son angle |date=12 March 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref>

It was simultaneously shot in Hindi and Tamil and dubbed in other languages such as [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Malayalam]]. Produced by [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[V. Ravichandran (film producer)|V. Ravichandran]] in Tamil, the film was promoted by [[Ekta Kapoor]] and [[Shobha Kapoor]] in Hindi as '''''Vishwaroop II'''''.<ref name="release">{{cite web |url=http://www.vishwaroopam2.com/2013/04/vishwaroopam-2-is-planned-for.html |title=Vishwaroopam 2 on August 15th |publisher=vishwaroopam2.com |date=1 April 2013 |access-date=17 April 2013 |archive-date=19 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130419103056/http://www.vishwaroopam2.com/2013/04/vishwaroopam-2-is-planned-for.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially planned as a late 2013 release,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vishwaroopam-2-shoot-starts-in-chennai-news-tamil-ngml0zbicgf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616115406/http://www.sify.com/movies/vishwaroopam-2-shoot-starts-in-chennai-news-tamil-ngml0zbicgf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam 2' shoot starts in Chennai! |website=[[Sify]] |date=12 June 2013 |access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> the film was stuck in [[development hell]] and was revived only in April 2017 when Haasan took over as producer himself.

== Plot ==
{{Long plot|date=August 2025}}

A prequel and sequel to ''[[Vishwaroopam]]'',{{refn|name=Timeline|group=N|As depicted in the 2013 film ''[[Vishwaroopam]]''.}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamals-film-to-make-political-statement/article24515235.ece|title=Kamal Haasan's 'Vishwaroopam 2' to make 'political statement'|author=Staff Reporter|date=2018-07-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-08-03|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715223921/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamals-film-to-make-political-statement/article24515235.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[RAW (India)|RAW]] Agent Major Wisam Ahmad Kashmiri is assigned the critical mission to neutralize [[Taliban]] leader Omar Qureshi, his deputy Salim and his [[Jihadism|jihadist]] network, who are plotting a devastating attack on [[New York City|New York]] City. Wisam, accompanied by his team—his wife Nirupama, colleague Ashmita, and Colonel Jagannathan—travels to the [[United Kingdom]] to perform the final rites for their fallen comrade, Dawkins. During the journey, Nirupama grows suspicious of Ashmita's closeness to Wisam, prompting her to question their relationship. This leads to a flashback where Wisam recalls meeting Ashmita, a spirited and brave young officer, during an Indian Army parade and award ceremony. Recognizing her potential, Wisam and Jagannathan recruit her for their covert operation. To infiltrate Omar’s group, Wisam and Ashmita stage an affair, leading to Wisam’s court-martial and a 10-year sentence for dereliction of duty. With Jagannathan’s help, Wisam escapes prison, is branded a militant, and, alongside [[Lieutenant]] Roy (Imtiaz), joins Omar’s terrorist network undercover.

In the present, the team is met by Goswami, an army officer acting under orders from Eshwar Iyer. While transporting Dawkins’ remains, their car is ambushed by militants, resulting in a deadly crash. Nirupama, Ashmita, and Jagannathan are trapped inside, while Wisam is thrown out. He engages and kills a pursuing militant. Goswami, fatally injured, dies content after seeing his enemy’s face, fulfilling his lifelong wish as an officer. Wisam, wounded, slips into a flashback of his earlier mission with Omar. Working with Imtiaz, Wisam attempts to plant a locator to track [[Osama bin Laden]], [[Al-Qaeda]]’s leader, for [[NATO]] forces. Omar catches Wisam, shoots at him, but Imtiaz takes the bullet and dies. Wisam, gravely injured, signals NATO helicopters with flares and is rushed to a hospital, where he survives.

Back in the present, the team reaches their hotel, where Eshwar confronts Wisam for killing the militant instead of capturing him. Eshwar mocks Wisam’s Muslim identity, but Wisam staunchly defends his loyalty to India. Detecting surveillance devices in their room, Wisam and Ashmita destroy them, warning Eshwar against further interference. Later, Wisam, Nirupama, Ashmita, and an [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]] agent, Munnavar, investigate a building for explosives. During a phone call, Eshwar urges Wisam to evacuate, but Wisam, suspecting treachery, pretends to be trapped inside. Eshwar triggers a bomb, believing Wisam is dead, but Munnavar reveals Wisam’s survival. Wisam confronts Eshwar, who commits suicide to avoid capture.

The team discovers a book detailing tide schedules, uncovering a plot tied to the [[SS Richard Montgomery]], a [[World War II]] [[shipwreck]] off the coast of [[Sheerness|Sheerness, UK]], carrying 1500 tons of unexploded ordnance. The militants plan to detonate [[Caesium|caesium]]-based weapons underwater during high tide, potentially triggering a massive explosion and a tsunami that could submerge London 10 to 16 meters underwater. Nirupama, a certified deep-sea diver, dives to inspect and disable the cesium devices. Meanwhile, Wisam’s ally, Jim, is killed by a militant attempting to remotely detonate the bombs. Wisam tracks and eliminates the militant, preventing the catastrophe.

Returning to Delhi, Jagannathan is summoned for a debriefing by his superior, Seshadri, who questions Nirupama’s role in the mission and orders her removal. Jagannathan refuses, citing Wisam’s deep love for her. Overhearing this, Nirupama is touched and reconciles with Wisam, leading to an intimate moment. The couple visits Wisam’s mother, an Alzheimer’s patient in a care home, who fails to recognize him but clings to memories of his childhood through old photos, leaving Wisam emotional.

The mission takes a dark turn when Ashmita and Nirupama are kidnapped by Salim. Salim brutally kills Ashmita, sending her dismembered body parts to Wisam. Wisam is captured and held hostage by Omar, who blames Wisam for his family’s death during the [[NATO]] strike. Wisam reveals that Omar’s wife, son, and nephew are alive and safe, handed over to [[NATO]] for protection. Omar attaches a bomb to Wisam’s neck with a 40-second timer and holds Nirupama and Wisam’s mother hostage in Salim's warehouse at [[Daryaganj]]. Salim reveals a plan to detonate 64 bombs across India to mark 64 years of Indian Independence. Wisam escapes the bomb, neutralizes it in a water tank, and kills Salim. In a final confrontation, Omar attacks Wisam but dies after falling into a oil-burning stove. Wisam’s team prevents the mass bombings.

At the hospital, Wisam shows Omar’s sons, Jalal and Nasser, to the dying Omar. Jalal is pursuing an [[Master of Engineering|MTech]] in [[London]], and Nasser is in medical school. Realizing his errors, Omar passes away. Wisam and Nirupama leave the hospital together, their bond strengthened by the ordeal.

==Cast==

{{colbegin}}
* [[Kamal Haasan]] as Vishwanathan / [[R&AW]] Agent Major Wisam Ahmad [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]], a former [[soldier]] of the [[Indian army]] and agent of [[R&AW]] who has infiltrated the [[Taliban]] during [[America]]'s [[war on terror]]; his past comes back to haunt his present
* [[Shekhar Kapur]] as Colonel Jagannathan (Jaganath in Hindi), one of Wisam's mentors and higher orders during his infiltration and best friend of deceased John Dawkins and Gowswami
* [[Rahul Bose]] as Omar Qureshi, the leader of [[Taliban]]. The main antagonist and Wisam's former friend whom he sees as a traitor and villain for the supposed death of his family
* [[Pooja Kumar]] as Dr. Nirupama Vishwanathan / Nirupama Kashmiri, Wisam's wife with knowledge of scuba diving and a doctorate in nuclear oncology ([[Voice-over|Voice dubbed]] by [[Abhirami (actress, born 1983)|Abhirami]])
* [[Andrea Jeremiah]] as Ashmita Subramaniam, Wisam's friend and member of the army whom Nirupama gets jealous of because of her and Wisam's history.
* [[Jaideep Ahlawat]] as Salim, Omar's deputy
* [[Russell Geoffrey Banks]] as Jim, Wisam's assistant with his operations
* [[Waheeda Rehman]] as Kashmiri's mother, who's also an Alzheimer's victim
* [[Anant Mahadevan]] as Eshwar Iyer, Jagannathan/Jaganath and Goswami's boss who is revealed to be a traitor working for Omar
* [[Mir Sarwar]]
* [[Deepak Jethi]]
* Jude S. Walko as Captain Joe Black
{{colend}}

==Production==

===Development===
The film is set in India. Kamal has earlier stated that the second part will be laced with a strong mother-son sentiment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Vishwaroopam-2-poised-for-Aug-15/articleshow/19364287.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202191509/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-04-03/news-interviews/38247712_1_kamal-haasan-dth-release-vishwaroopam-2 |url-status=live |archive-date=2 February 2014 |title=Vishwaroopam 2 poised for Aug 15? |date=3 April 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> He stated that 40% of the film was shot during the making of part one itself.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> While part 1 was a little over 2 hours 20 minutes, the sequel's length will be less than 2 hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/353429196422393856 |title='Vishwaroop-2's Length' |publisher=Taran Adarsh |date=6 July 2013 |access-date=6 July 2013 |archive-date=5 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005034740/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/353429196422393856 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Cast and crew===
Due to personal reasons, cinematographer Sanu Varghese opted out of ''Vishwaroopam II'' and was replaced by [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainuddeen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/vishwaroopam-2-to-have-a-new-cameraman-news-tamil-nghlOQajbhh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609031310/http://www.sify.com/movies/vishwaroopam-2-to-have-a-new-cameraman-news-tamil-nghlOQajbhh.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 June 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam 2' to have a new cameraman! |website=[[Sify]] |date=7 June 2013 |access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> [[Ghibran]] was signed up to compose the music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Ghibran-to-compose-for-Kamals-film/articleshow/20589669.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712013606/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-15/news-interviews/39977025_1_kamal-s-vishwaroopam-2-vathikuchi |url-status=live |archive-date=12 July 2013 |title=Ghibran to compose for Kamal's film |date=15 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/It-was-emotionally-very-disturbing-says-Ghibran/articleshow/20694820.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709151255/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/news-interviews/40118626_1_european-music-keyboard-singapore |url-status=live |archive-date=9 July 2013 |title=It was emotionally very disturbing, says Ghibran |date=21 June 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref>

Haasan approached [[Vyjayanthimala]] to portray the role of his mother in the film, but her refusal led to [[Waheeda Rahman]] being cast.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/230718/legendary-vyjayanthimala-turns-down-kamal-haasan.html |title=Legendary Vyjayanthimala turns down Kamal Haasan |date=23 July 2018 |access-date=5 September 2023 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905162848/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/230718/legendary-vyjayanthimala-turns-down-kamal-haasan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Haasan cast [[Waheeda Rahman]] and [[Anant Mahadevan]] for the sequel in addition to the main cast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/353393406145335296|title='Waheeda Rahman & Ananth Mahadevan join Vishwaroop-2'|publisher=Taran Adarsh|date=6 July 2013|access-date=6 July 2013|archive-date=5 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005035209/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/353393406145335296|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Vishwaroopam 2 (Tamil) - Official Trailer|url=http://www.pakka.tv/entertainment/trailers/vishwaroopam-2-tamil--official-trailer--kamal-haasan--mohamaad-ghibran9118/|work=PakkaTv|date=11 June 2018|access-date=11 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140155/http://www.pakka.tv/entertainment/trailers/vishwaroopam-2-tamil--official-trailer--kamal-haasan--mohamaad-ghibran9118/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Filming===
The shooting of ''Vishwaroopam II'' began in [[Thailand]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/vishwaroopam-2-on-track/1121351/ |title=Vishwaroopam 2 on track |work=Indian Express |date=28 May 2013 |access-date=22 June 2013 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615092901/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/vishwaroopam-2-on-track/1121351 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the team shooting scenes at the [[Bangkok]] airbase.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vishwaroopam-2-canned-at-bangkok-airbase/395055-71-180.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619133456/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/vishwaroopam-2-canned-at-bangkok-airbase/395055-71-180.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2013 |title='Vishwaroopam 2' canned at Bangkok airbase |publisher=CNN IBN |date=30 May 2013 |access-date=22 June 2013}}</ref> There was a sequence where actors defuse bombs and engage enemies in a gun battle underwater which was done by the actors themselves after training in scuba diving. The Chennai schedule of the film started on 13 June 2013.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> It was also reported that an underwater fight sequence involving [[Kamal Haasan]] has been shot by stunt director Ramesh in the second week of October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kamal does the unthinkable for Vishwaroopam 2!|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-2-has-an-underwater-fight-scene-for.html|website=Behindwoods|access-date=17 October 2016|date=16 October 2016|archive-date=18 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018171024/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-2-has-an-underwater-fight-scene-for.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film started its final schedule of shooting from 27 November 2017 at Chennai.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pandian|first1=Avinash|title=Breaking Update on Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam 2|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/kamals-vishwaroopam-2-shooting-resumes.html|access-date=27 November 2017|website=Behindwoods.com|date=27 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032722/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/kamals-vishwaroopam-2-shooting-resumes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Some promotion of the film took place on the television series ''[[Bigg Boss Tamil 2]]'',<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-tamil-2-weekly-updates-contestants-escape-eviction-vishwaroopam-2-team-visits-the-house-4848451.html | title=Bigg Boss Tamil 2 weekly updates: Contestants escape eviction; Vishwaroopam 2 team visits the house | date=30 July 2018 | first=Surendhar | last=MK | publisher=Firstpost | access-date=13 August 2019 | archive-date=19 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919040856/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-tamil-2-weekly-updates-contestants-escape-eviction-vishwaroopam-2-team-visits-the-house-4848451.html | url-status=live }}</ref> which is hosted by Hasaan, as well as on ''[[Bigg Boss Malayalam]]'' and also in Indian Idol and Dus Ka Dum hosted by Salman Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kamal-haasan-bigg-boss-malayalam-mohanlal-5302032/|title=Kamal Haasan promotes Vishwaroopam 2 on Mohanlal's Bigg Boss Malayalam|date=11 August 2018|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date=11 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811194350/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/kamal-haasan-bigg-boss-malayalam-mohanlal-5302032/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Music==
The soundtrack album and background score for ''Vishwaroopam II'' is composed by [[Ghibran]], replacing [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy|Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy]] who composed for the first part. The lyrics for the songs of the Tamil version were written by [[Vairamuthu]] and [[Kamal Haasan]], and the songs of the Hindi version were written by [[Prasoon Joshi]] and Sandeep Srivastava. The soundtrack rights for the Tamil version were acquired by [[Lahari Music]], whereas the Hindi version was acquired by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Vishwaroopam II
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Ghibran]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2018|08|07|df=y|}}
| recorded = 2018
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 30:29
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Hindi]]
| label = [[Lahari Music]] [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = Ghibran
| prev_title = [[Chennai 2 Singapore]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Aan Devathai]]
| next_year = 2018
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|IDzG08M70xQ&t|Official Audio Jukebox(Tamil)}}
| audio2 = {{YouTube|-mKj2v61t_s|Official Audio Jukebox(Hindi)}}
| audio3 = {{YouTube|0eTbigp_LKI&t|Official Audio Soundtrack}}
}}
{{Singles
| name = Vishwaroopam II (Tamil)
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Naanagiya Nadhimoolame
| single1date = 29 June 2018
| single2 = Gnyabagam Varugiradha {{small|(Vishwaroopam)}}
| single2date = 2 July 2018
| single3 = Saadhi Madham
| single3date = 27 July 2018
}}
}}

Kamal Hassan, penned and sung the song "Naanagiya Nadhimoolame" along with [[Kaushiki Chakraborty]] and Karthik Suresh Iyer, which was released as a single track by composer Ghibran, via his official [[Twitter]] account on 29 June 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ghibran unveils 'Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae' song from 'Vishwaroopam 2'|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/ghibran-unveils-naanaagiya-nadhimoolamae-song-from-vishwaroopam-2/articleshow/64796118.cms|access-date=29 June 2018|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720222700/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/ghibran-unveils-naanaagiya-nadhimoolamae-song-from-vishwaroopam-2/articleshow/64796118.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The partial audio launch of the film was held on 30 June 2018 during the ongoing [[Bigg Boss Tamil 2]] season. The event was telecasted on 1 July 2018, through [[Star Vijay]]. Kamal Hassan and [[Shruti Haasan|Shruti Hassan]] performed the songs "Naanagiya Nadhimoolame" and "Gnyabagam Varugiradha" at the event. The latter was released a single track on 2 July 2018. While Shruti Hassan performed the song at the event, the original version of the song which was written by Vairamuthu, were rendered by Aravind Srinivas and Sarath Santhosh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-2-tamil-episode-15-kamal-haasan-launches-vishwaroopam-2-audio-mamathi-evicted/story-4wawFbbdk8budxMf7LcR1N.html|title=Bigg Boss 2 Tamil, episode 15: Kamal Haasan launches Vishwaroopam 2 audio, Mamathi evicted|date=2018-07-02|work=www.hindustantimes.com|access-date=2 July 2018|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702123251/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/bigg-boss-2-tamil-episode-15-kamal-haasan-launches-vishwaroopam-2-audio-mamathi-evicted/story-4wawFbbdk8budxMf7LcR1N.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The third single track "Saadhi Madham" was released on 27 July 2018. Written by Kamal Haasan and sung by Sathyaprakash and [[Andrea Jeremiah]], the song was performed at the ongoing Bigg Boss Tamil 2 season. The full album, which consists of an [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] version of "Gnyabagam Varugiradha" and the karaoke versions of all the songs, were launched on 5 August 2018.

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 30:29
| all_writing =
| headline = Tamil Track list
| title1 = Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae
| extra1 = [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Kaushiki Chakraborty]], Master Karthik Suresh Iyer
| lyrics1 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| length1 = 04:11
| title2 = Gnyabagam Varugiradha
| extra2 = Arvind Srinivas, Sarath Santhosh
| lyrics2 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| length2 = 03:25
| title3 = Saadhi Madham
| extra3 = [[Sathyaprakash Dharmar]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| lyrics3 = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| length3 = 04:31
| title4 = Gnyabagam Varugiradha
| extra4 = Arvind Srinivas, Sarath Santhosh
| lyrics4 = [[Vairamuthu]]
| length4 = 03:09
| title5 = Naanaagiya Nadhimoolamae
| length5 = 04:10
| title6 = Gnyabagam Varugiradha
| length6 = 03:25
| title7 = Saadhi Madham
| length7 = 04:31
| title8 = Gnyabagam Varugiradha
| length8 = 03:06
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| note4 = EDM Version
| note5 = Karaoke
| note6 = Karaoke
| note7 = Karaoke
| note8 = EDM Karaoke
| note2 = Vishwaroopam
}}

The title track of Vishwaroop II, which was written by [[Prasoon Joshi]] and Sandeep Shrivatsava and sung by Aravind Srinivas and Sarath Santhosh, was launched on 25 July 2018. The full soundtrack album was released on 3 August 2018.
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 15:44
| all_writing =
| headline = Vishwaroop II - Hindi Track list
| title1 = Vishwaroop II Title Track
| extra1 = Arvind Srinivas, Sarath Santhosh
| lyrics1 =
| length1 = 03:43
| title2 = Ishq Kiya Toh
| extra2 = D. Sathyaprakash, [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| lyrics2 =
| length2 = 04:31
| title3 = Tu Srotu Hai
| extra3 = [[Kamal Haasan]], Kaushiki Chakraborty, Master Karthik Suresh Iyer
| lyrics3 =
| length3 = 04:10
| title4 = Vishwaroop II Title Track
| extra4 = Arvind Srinivas, Sarath Santhosh
| lyrics4 =
| length4 = 03:20
| title5 =
| length5 =
| title6 =
| length6 =
| title7 =
| length7 =
| title8 =
| length8 =
| title9 =
| length9 =
| title10 =
| length10 =
| all_lyrics = [[Prasoon Joshi]] and Sandeep Shrivatsava
| note4 = EDM Version
}}

==Marketing==
The [[Film poster|first look poster]] of the film was released on 2 May 2017,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kamal unveils first look of 'Vishwaroopam 2'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-unveils-first-look-of-vishwaroopam-2/article18353886.ece|access-date=16 May 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 May 2017|archive-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502181058/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kamal-unveils-first-look-of-vishwaroopam-2/article18353886.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[theatrical trailer]] was released on 11 June 2018.<ref name="june_2018_trailer_release">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/vishwaroopam-2-trailer-release|title=Vishwaroopam 2: Kamal Haasan Is Back With a Bang|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142639/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/indian-cinema/vishwaroopam-2-trailer-release|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Release==
===Theatrical===
''Vishwaroopam II'' was scheduled to release in February 2014,<ref name="Feb 2014 release" /> but due to delays, Hassan postponed the release. Haasan also stated initially that the film would be released as a [[direct to home]] feature in the United States.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Kamal-Haasans-Vishwaroopam-2-will-release-on-DTH-in-the-US/articleshow/23284538.cms Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam 2 will release on DTH in the US - The Times of India] . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2013-09-30). Retrieved on 2016-01-06.</ref><ref name="Feb 2014 release">[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Vishwaroopam-2-confirmed-for-Feb-2014/articleshow/26723355.cms Vishwaroopam 2 confirmed for Feb, 2014 - The Times of India] . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2013-12-02). Retrieved on 2016-01-06.</ref> However, he later stated that he would not, as "there seems to be a lot of reticence in that."<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/I-can-start-Marudhanayagam-anytime-Kamal-Haasan/articleshow/45070350.cms I can start Marudhanayagam anytime: Kamal Haasan] . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (2014-11-08). Retrieved on 2016-01-06.</ref> In November, Haasan stated that he hopes to release the film by 2016,<ref>Yellapantula, Suhas. (2015-11-10) [http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thoonga-Vanam-Racy-Return-for-Kamal-Haasan/2015/11/10/article3121566.ece Thoonga Vanam: Racy Return for Kamal Haasan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118024016/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Thoonga-Vanam-Racy-Return-for-Kamal-Haasan/2015/11/10/article3121566.ece |date=18 November 2015 }}. The New Indian Express. Retrieved on 2016-01-06.</ref> but the release of the film is on hold due to the financial crisis of the producer even though some combination scenes, as well as VFX, are pending. It was also reported that Haasan will complete his portions only after his remaining salary of Rs.10 crores is settled and [[Lyca Productions]] might take over the project from Aascar Ravichandran.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Srivatsan|first1=S|title=Vishwaroopam 2: Is Kamal Haasan facing hassle from producer over film release?|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vishwaroopam-2-kamal-haasan-sequel-trouble-release-date-333736-2016-08-06|publisher=[[India Today]]|access-date=17 October 2016|date=6 August 2016|archive-date=7 February 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170207085053/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/vishwaroopam-2-kamal-haasan-sequel-trouble-release-date/1/733928.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trailer-watch-vishwaroopam-ii-promises-a-conclusion-thats-worth-the-wait/article24136310.ece |title=Trailer watch: 'Vishwaroopam II' promises a conclusion that's worth the wait |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 June 2018 |last1=Radhakrishnan |first1=Sruthi |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803095848/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/trailer-watch-vishwaroopam-ii-promises-a-conclusion-thats-worth-the-wait/article24136310.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2017, Kamal Haasan revealed that the film was on hold as Aascar Ravichandran was not able to pay the technical crew of the film. He added that over six months' worth of post-production remained pending on the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/160217/kamal-haasans-film-hit-by-payment-delays.html|title=Kamal Haasan's film hit by payment delays!|date=16 February 2017|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121423/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/160217/kamal-haasans-film-hit-by-payment-delays.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was released theatrically on 10 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohamed|first=Imranullah S.|date=10 August 2018|title=HC clears decks for Vishwaroopam 2|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/hc-clears-decks-for-vishwaroopam-2/article24648206.ece|access-date=26 February 2022|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302095851/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/hc-clears-decks-for-vishwaroopam-2/article24648206.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="thehindu.com"/>

===Home media===
The digital rights of the film were sold to [[Amazon Prime Video|Prime Video]], while the satellite rights of the Tamil version, ''Vishwaroopam 2'' were sold to [[STAR Vijay]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/best-kamal-haasan-movies-to-watch-on-amazon-prime-video|title= 7 best Kamal Haasan movies to watch on Amazon Prime Video|date= 7 November 2019|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724081807/https://www.gqindia.com/entertainment/content/best-kamal-haasan-movies-to-watch-on-amazon-prime-video|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vijay-tv-grabs-the-television-rights-of-vishwaroopam-2.html |title=HEAVY!! VIJAY TV ANNOUNCES THEIR NEXT BIG FILM! |website=Behindwoods |date=6 August 2018 |access-date=12 April 2019 |archive-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085358/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vijay-tv-grabs-the-television-rights-of-vishwaroopam-2.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==

===Box office===
The film grossed ₹50 crore and became one of the [[List of Tamil films of 2018#Box office collection|highest grossing Tamil films of 2018]].<ref name="Times of India"/>

===Critical response===
The film received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-film-fails-to-leave-impact-declare-critics-3215651/|title=Kamal Haasan's Vishwaroopam 2 Fails to Leave Impact- Read Reviews|last=Desk|first=India com Entertainment|date=2018-08-10|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-24|archive-date=15 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715223921/https://www.india.com/entertainment/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-film-fails-to-leave-impact-declare-critics-3215651/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-2-box-office-collection-day-1-1311626-2018-08-11|title=Vishwaroopam 2 box office collection Day 1: Kamal Haasan film sets ticket windows on fire|date=August 11, 2018|magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-24|archive-date=12 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812232146/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasan-vishwaroopam-2-box-office-collection-day-1-1311626-2018-08-11|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=10|count=10|average=4.4|ref=yes}}

===''Vishwaroopam II''===
Rachit Gupta of ''[[The Times of India]]'' has given 2.5 stars and summarized "Despite having some genuinely good moments, the film tries to put forth a little too much, a little too quickly.". ''Behindwoods'' given 3 stars out of 5 and said "''Vishwaroopam 2'' is a fitting sequel to the masterpiece".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vishwaroopam-2/vishwaroopam-2-review.html|title=Vishwaroopam 2 (aka) Viswaroopam2 review|website=Behindwoods|date=10 August 2018|access-date=2018-11-17|archive-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117193111/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/vishwaroopam-2/vishwaroopam-2-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Baradwaj Rangan]] of ''[[Film Companion]]'' said "A not-exactly-needed sequel, but a solid delivery mechanism for Kamal-isms".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review/|title=Vishwaroopam 2 Movie Review - Film Companion|date=2018-08-10|work=Film Companion|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605192629/https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/tamil-review/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> Raisa Nasreen of DGZ Media summarized "Kamal Haasan is heroic as the one man army". Sowmya Rajendran of ''[[The News Minute]]'' said "A predictable sequel short of fresh ideas".<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vishwaroopam-2-review-predictable-sequel-short-fresh-ideas-86322|title= 'Vishwaroopam 2' review: A predictable sequel short of fresh ideas|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724082907/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vishwaroopam-2-review-predictable-sequel-short-fresh-ideas-86322|url-status= live}}</ref> Vishal Menon of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Add that to particularly tacky production design and uninspiring visuals, you realise that it’s easy for someone to mistake the first part as the newer film. By the end of ''Vishwaroopam 2'', we’ve seen so many bombs being planted, only for them to be defused. What’s another 100 more?"<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vishwaroopam-2-review-too-dialogue-heavy-for-an-action-thriller/article24654946.ece |title='Vishwaroopam 2' review: too dialogue-heavy for an action thriller |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 August 2018 |last1=Menon |first1=Vishal |access-date=24 July 2022 |archive-date=24 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724083111/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vishwaroopam-2-review-too-dialogue-heavy-for-an-action-thriller/article24654946.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Ashameera Aiyappan of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 3.5 stars and wrote "Do catch ''Vishwaroopam'' if possible before watching the second part. You won’t lose anything if you don’t, but there is a lot to gain if you do."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-5300526/|title= Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: With an intelligent spy film, Kamal Haasan delivers promises|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724083351/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-5300526/|url-status= live}}</ref> Subra Gupta of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and stated that "That leaves Kamal Haasan, who has co-written, directed and produced the film, as the patriotic RAW agent, to do all the heavy lifting. In the first edition, the veteran star-actor led from the front: here the ‘dirty soldier turned bloody espionage agent’ is all thundery lines like ‘main mazhab nahin mulk ke liye khoon bahaata hoon’. But even he can't rise above the shockingly inept script, which he rescues only in a few places, when his trademark intelligent, wry self-awareness manages to kick in. The rest can be safely ignored."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-rating-5300148/|title= Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: The Kamal Haasan and Andrea Jeremiah film is an incoherent mess|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724084423/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-rating-5300148/|url-status= live}}</ref> Janani K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "On the whole, Vishwaroopam 2 is a story that is let down by the shoddy screenplay. Even a star performer like Kamal Haasan couldn't save the audience from this mess."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-pooja-kumar-andrea-jeremiah-1310971-2018-08-10|title= Vishwaroopam 2 Review: Actor Kamal Haasan defeats director in messy film|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724084422/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-pooja-kumar-andrea-jeremiah-1310971-2018-08-10|url-status= live}}</ref> Karishma Shetty of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' wrote "Is Vishwaroopam 2 worth a watch? I would recommend you to see Mission Impossible - Fallout instead. If it is of any interest, the first part of the franchise was honoured with Best Production at the National Film Awards. We rate it a 35% in the movie meter.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-spy-thriller-sequel-we-could-do-without-422800|title= Vishwaroopam 2 Movie Review: Kamal Haasan's spy thriller is a sequel we could do without|date= 9 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724085925/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-spy-thriller-sequel-we-could-do-without-422800|url-status= live}}</ref> Priyanka Sundar of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "That, however, is not the biggest problem of Vishwaroopam. That indubitably is Kamal directing the film as a director and not filmmaker. We can see the savvy politician Kamal is doing great onscreen. Wisam, unfortunately, is lost in the back ground."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-the-politician-takes-over-the-actor-s-arc/story-ZHsmVx323fXLPG78PDMN1N.html|title=Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: Kamal Haasan, the actor, loses out to the politician|date=10 August 2018|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724084422/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-the-politician-takes-over-the-actor-s-arc/story-ZHsmVx323fXLPG78PDMN1N.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Shreedhar Pillai of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated that "The USP of the film is Kamal Haasan, who doesn’t look his age (63) and does action, romance and dialogue-delivery with consummate ease and style. Some of the action scenes are well choreographed. Ghibran’s music is a major plus point. But the sequel is nowhere near the first part and looks stretched (2 hours 21 minutes). Though part two lacks the finesse of part one, Vishwaroopam 2 is still an entertainer."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-inimitable-style-saves-this-mixed-bag-of-a-sequel-4937321.html|title=Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: Kamal Haasan's inimitable style saves this mixed bag of a sequel|date=10 August 2018|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724084832/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-inimitable-style-saves-this-mixed-bag-of-a-sequel-4937321.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sudhir Srinivasan of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote "It’s such small, effective moments that make me feel quite fondly about the Vishwaroopam films, and despondently about Tamil cinema without Kamal Haasan, the director."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/aug/11/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-a-satisfying-sequel-1856028.html|title= Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: A satisfying sequel|date= 15 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724090502/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/aug/11/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-a-satisfying-sequel-1856028.html|url-status= live}}</ref> Anupama Subramanian of ''[[Deccan Chronicle]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "To be fair, most of these stunts and action sequences are riveting and enjoyable. Kamal is ever present with his dry wit and self-aware punch dialogues, which also brings his political aspirations to the fore. He is relentless and although he looks burnt out due to Vis’s heavy workload, his brains never tire and is always a step ahead of his numerous halfwit villains. Enjoyable in parts!"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/110818/vishwaroopam-ii-2-movie-review-film-kamal-haasan-truly-terrible-pooja-1.html|title=Vishwaroopam 2 movie review: Enjoyable in parts, but has lot of things going nowhere|date=11 August 2018|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724090549/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/110818/vishwaroopam-ii-2-movie-review-film-kamal-haasan-truly-terrible-pooja-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Moviecrow'' gave the film's rating 3 out of 5 stating that "An engaging sequel despite the inevitable comparison with the prequel and a few misfires. Watch it for Kamal Haasan's unsatiating desire to push the bar higher. "<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/21016/vishwaroopam-2-review|title=Vishwaroopam 2 Review - Kamal Haasan Is Restrained As Actor And Efficient As Director|website=MovieCrow |access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724090549/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/21016/vishwaroopam-2-review|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' rated the film 42 out of 100.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/143419-vishwaroopam-movie-review|title=விஸ்வரூபம் 2 - சினிமா விமர்சனம்|date=16 August 2018 |access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525232237/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/143419-vishwaroopam-movie-review|url-status=live}}</ref>

===''Vishwaroop II''===
Saibal Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'' gave 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "That pretty much sums up ''Vishwaroop 2''. It repeatedly fires blanks - noisy but of no use. Has a movie sequel ever been so pointless?"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/vishwaroopam-2-movie-review-kamal-haasans-film-fires-blanks-1-5-stars-out-of-5-1898182|title=Vishwaroopam 2 Movie Review: Kamal Haasan's Film Fires Blanks - Noisy But Of No Use|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave the film's rating 1.5 out of 5 and wrote "On the whole, ''Vishwaroop II'' is a highly avoidable flick. The film has too many tracks and the narration and execution is flawed and weak. Also at the box office, the film will have a tough time."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vishwaroop-ii/critic-review/vishwaroop-ii-movie-review/|title= Vishwaroop II Movie Review: A highly avoidable flick. Vishwaroop II has too many tracks and the narration and execution is flawed and weak.|website= [[Bollywood Hungama]]|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 3 August 2022|archive-date= 3 August 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220803095822/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/vishwaroop-ii/critic-review/vishwaroop-ii-movie-review/|url-status= live}}</ref> Reshe Manglik of ''[[India TV]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "In short, it’s only Kamal Haasan doing all the work in the film. He delivers the thundery lines like ‘Main mazhab ke liye nahi mulk ke liye khoon bahata hu’ with immense grit. However, even a spectacular actor like Haasan can't rise above the script that was clearly sinking."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/vishwaroop-2-movie-review-vishwaroopam-2-kamal-haasan-shekhar-kapur-andrea-jeremiah-rahul-bose-331|title= Vishwaroop 2 Movie Review|date= 10 August 2018|access-date= 24 July 2022|archive-date= 24 July 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220724090502/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/movie-review/vishwaroop-2-movie-review-vishwaroopam-2-kamal-haasan-shekhar-kapur-andrea-jeremiah-rahul-bose-331|url-status= live}}</ref> Umesh Punwani of ''Koimoi'' rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "All said and done, fans of ''Vishwaroop'' should forget there was a sequel planned for it. They should again watch the part 1 instead and keep its memories intact. It’s like one of those many Hollywood actioners which are all glam and no content."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/vishwaroop-2-movie-review-not-a-bad-film-just-listed-under-the-wrong-genre/|title=Vishwaroop 2 Movie Review: Not A Bad Film, Just Listed Under The Wrong Genre|date=12 August 2018|access-date=24 July 2022|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724090502/https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/vishwaroop-2-movie-review-not-a-bad-film-just-listed-under-the-wrong-genre/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[DNA India]]'' gave the film's rating 2 out of 5 and wrote "''Vishwaroop 2'' boasts of some great cameos by Shekhar Kapur, Waheeda Rahman and Jaideep Ahlawat but they are so good in whatever little screen-time they have got that sometimes you feel they are wasted in the film. The spy-thriller doesn't rely much on jingoism, though, which is a relief."<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.dnaindia.com/movie-reviews/report-movie-review-vishwaroopam-2-is-a-pointless-sequel-and-a-blot-on-kamal-haasan-s-filmography-2648111|title= Movie Review: Vishwaroopam 2 is a pointless sequel and a blot on Kamal Haasan's filmography|access-date= 3 August 2022|archive-date= 15 July 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230715223921/https://www.dnaindia.com/movie-reviews/report-movie-review-vishwaroopam-2-is-a-pointless-sequel-and-a-blot-on-kamal-haasan-s-filmography-2648111|url-status= live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=N}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|2677064|Vishwaroopam 2}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|vishwaroopam_2}}

{{Kamal Haasan}}
{{RaajKamalFilmsInternational}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kamal Haasan]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films about the Research & Analysis Wing]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Reliance Entertainment films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ghibran Vaibodha]]
[[Category:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) films]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films about Islamic terrorism in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kent]]
[[Category:2018 multilingual films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action thriller films]]

Himanshu Pathak

2026-03-14T14:20:33Z

CryptoCurrencydon: creating a data w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian agricultural scientist}}

{{BLP primary sources|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Himanshu Pathak
| image = DrHimanshuPathak.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|2}}
| birth_place = [[West Bengal]], India
| fields = {{hlist|[[Agricultural science]]|[[Climate change]]|[[Soil science]]|[[Dryland agriculture]]|Climate resilience}}
| workplaces = {{hlist|[[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics|ICRISAT]]|[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]]|[[Department of Agricultural Research and Education (India)|DARE]]}}
| title = Director General, [[ICRISAT]], President, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences
}}

'''Himanshu Pathak''' (born 2 February 1965) is an Indian agricultural scientist. He currently serves as Director General of the [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT), headquartered in [[Hyderabad]], India<ref name=ICRISAT2025>{{cite web
|title=Dr Himanshu Pathak assumes charge of DG (ICRISAT)
|url=https://icar.org.in/en/dr-himanshu-pathak-assumes-charge-dg-icrisat
|website=Indian Council of Agricultural Research
|publisher=ICAR
|date=5 March 2025
|access-date=12 August 2025
}}</ref> and as the President of [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]].<ref name="NAAS2025">
{{cite web|title=Dr. HIMANSHU PATHAK, President, NAAS
|url=https://naas.org.in/|website=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences|publisher=NAAS|date=5 Oct 2025|access-date=31 October 2025}}</ref>

Before joining ICRISAT, as its DG, he served as Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) and Director General, [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR). He also served as Chairman of the Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB).<ref name=ICAR2024>{{cite web
|title=Dr Himanshu Pathak – Biodata (ICAR)
|url=https://icar.org.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/Dr-Himanshu-Pathak-bio-data.pdf
|website=Indian Council of Agricultural Research
|publisher=ICAR
|date=March 2023
|access-date=12 August 2025
}}</ref>

== Education ==
Pathak completed his undergraduate studies in agriculture at [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1986. He obtained his M.Sc. in [[Environmental Sciences]] in 1988 and his Ph.D. in 1992 from the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]].<ref name=ICAR2024 />

== Awards and recognitions ==
* Honorary Member of the Indian Society of Soil Science<ref>{{cite web |title=Honours and Awards |url=https://www.isss-india.org/honours-and-awards.aspx |website=Indian Society of Soil Science |access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
* President of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=ISSS Council 2025 – President: Dr Himanshu Pathak |url=https://www.isss-india.org/structure.aspx |website=Indian Society of Soil Science |access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
* Advisory Committee Member of the Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad (RICH)<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr Himanshu Pathak |url=https://rich.telangana.gov.in/Dr-Himanshu-Pathak.html |website=Research and Innovation Circle of Hyderabad |access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
* Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship (2004–2005), Germany<ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Himanshu Pathak – Humboldt Network |url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/en/connect/explore-the-humboldt-network/singleview/1114465/prof-dr-himanshu-pathak |website=Alexander von Humboldt Foundation |access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>
* Silver Jubilee Commemoration Medal of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA), 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Recipients of Silver Jubilee Commemoration Medal |url=https://insaindia.res.in/old_website/recipients.php |website=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=18 August 2025 |archive-date=1 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801174447/https://insaindia.res.in/old_website/recipients.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Award of Appreciation from [[International Rice Research Institute]] (IRRI), 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=IRRI honors Dr Himanshu Pathak for his contributions to India's rice sector at IRC 2023 |url=https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/irri-honors-dr-himanshu-pathak-for-his-contributions-to-indias-rice-sector-at-irc-2023/ |website=CGIAR |date=16 October 2023 |access-date=18 August 2025}}</ref>

== Research ==
Pathak’s research focuses on abiotic stress in crops and the impacts of climate change on agricultural systems.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pathak|first=H|title=Impact, adaptation and mitigation of climate change in Indian agriculture|journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment|year=2023|volume=195|issue=1|pages=52–74|article-number=52|doi=10.1007/s10661-022-10537-3|pmid=36316531|bibcode=2023EMnAs.195...52P}}</ref> He contributed to the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report.<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories|url=https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/index.html|publisher=IPCC|access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref> From 2011 to 2015, he served as India’s representative in the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (UNFCCC) negotiations.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}

== Publications ==
=== Selected works ===
* Pathak H, Fagodiya R.K., Singh A. (2024). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium budget in crop production in South-Asia: regional and country trends during the last five decades. ''Scientific Reports'' 14:29136. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77134-x 10.1038/s41598-024-77134-x].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.icrisat.org/about-us/leadership/dr-himanshu-pathak/ Dr. Himanshu Pathak – ICRISAT profile]{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=B1Ua380AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Dr. Himanshu Pathak – Google Scholar profile]
* [https://justagriculture.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/001-Breaking-Barriers-Building-Futures.pdf "Breaking Barriers, Building Futures" – Just Agriculture, 2025]
* [https://naas.org.in/ National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS)]
* [https://rich.telangana.gov.in/Dr-Himanshu-Pathak.html Dr. Himanshu Pathak – RICH Telangana profile]
* [https://insaindia.res.in/07062023_no.php?id=P15-1690 Indian National Science Academy (INSA) – Fellowship profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathak, Himanshu}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

The Four Feathers (2002 film)

2026-03-08T02:33:04Z

CryptoCurrencydon: minor cleanup

{{short description|2002 film by Shekhar Kapur}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = The Four Feathers
| image = The_Four_Feathers_2002_movie.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Shekhar Kapur]]
| producer = {{Plainlist|
* Paul Feldsher
* Robert Jaffe
* [[Stanley R. Jaffe]]
* [[Marty Katz]]
}}
| screenplay = [[Michael Schiffer]] [[Hossein Amini]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[The Four Feathers]]'' 1902 novel|[[A. E. W. Mason]]}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Heath Ledger]]
* [[Wes Bentley]]
* [[Kate Hudson]]
* [[Djimon Hounsou]]
* [[Michael Sheen]]
}}
| music = [[James Horner]]
| cinematography = [[Robert Richardson (cinematographer)|Robert Richardson]]
| editing = [[Steven Rosenblum]]
| studio = [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] Jaffilms<ref name="bfi">{{cite web|title=The Four Feathers (2002)|work=[[British Film Institute]]|access-date=21 June 2021|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b85706b3d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106113133/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b85706b3d|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref> High Command Productions Ltd.<ref name="bfi" />
| distributor = [[Paramount Pictures]] (United States) [[Miramax International]] (International)<ref group=note>Since the acquisition of Miramax by ViacomCBS (now [[Paramount Skydance]]), Paramount owns the worldwide rights to the movie.</ref>
| released = {{Film date|2002|9|20|df=y}}
| runtime = 131 minutes<ref>{{cite web|title=The Four Feathers (2002)|date=1 October 2002|work=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=3 April 2021|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/the-four-feathers-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmzc5nzu}}</ref>
| country = United Kingdom United States
| language = English
| budget = $35 million<ref>{{cite web|title=The Four Feathers|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0240510/?ref_=bo_se_r_1}}</ref>
| gross = $29 million
}}

'''''The Four Feathers''''' is a 2002 [[war film|war]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Shekhar Kapur]] and starring [[Heath Ledger]], [[Wes Bentley]], [[Djimon Hounsou]] and [[Kate Hudson]]. Set during the [[British Army|British Army's]] [[Gordon Relief Expedition]] (late 1884 to early 1885) in [[Sudan]], well after the formation of [[Mahdist Sudan|Mahdiyya]], it tells the story of a young man accused of [[cowardice]]. This film, with altered plot events, is the latest in a long line of cinematic adaptations of the 1902 novel ''[[The Four Feathers]]'' by [[A.E.W. Mason]]. Other versions of the story have been set in the 1890s, with different battle events. It was roughly based on the [[White Feather Campaign]] during [[World War I]]. ''The Four Feathers'' was released on 20 September 2002 by [[Paramount Pictures]] in the United States and by [[Miramax International]] in international markets. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $29 million against a $35 million budget.

==Plot==
Harry Faversham, a young British officer completing his training, celebrates his engagement to [[Ethniu|Ethne]] Eustace in a [[ball (dance)|ball]] with his fellow officers and father. When the Colonel announces that the regiment is being dispatched to Egyptian-ruled [[Sudan]] to rescue the British General [[Charles George Gordon|Charles "Chinese" Gordon]], young Faversham has serious reservations about going to war, and resigns his [[commission (document)|commission]]. Harry's father [[disown]]s him. Perceiving his resignation as cowardice, three of his friends and his fiancée each give him a [[white feather]], the symbol of cowardice. Ethne breaks off their engagement.

Harry learns that his best friend Jack and his former regiment have come under attack by rebels. Undertaking the perilous journey into the Sudan alone, he strikes up an alliance with Abou Fatma, a [[mercenary]] [[warrior]]. Harry disguises himself as an [[Arab]]. Harry and Abou Fatma follow a group of army workers he believes to be [[spy|spies]] of [[self-proclaimed]] [[Mahdi]], [[Muhammad Ahmad]], and reach the garrison of [[Abu-Klea]], which they realise has been overrun. Harry begs Abou Fatma to warn his friends that their destination is under siege and an attack is likely.

The regiment stops its march to bury a group of British killed by the Mahdi. Abou Fatma is captured by Egyptian soldiers; believing he is an enemy scout, they bring him before the British officers. He tells the British that he has been sent by a British officer to warn them of the Mahdi's attack. He says that Muslims always bury their dead and that of the enemy, but that these bodies have been left to keep the British occupied. Faversham's comrades are worried, but ultimately they disregard Abou Fatma's warnings and he is flogged as a suspected spy.

The British and Egyptian troops are not prepared for battle. The Mahdi rebels attack with spearmen, riflemen and cavalry, while the British forces form a defensive square. Firing volley after volley, the British repel the initial Mahdi assault just as they spot British cavalry reinforcements in their distinctive red uniforms. A force of cavalry is sent to pursue the retreating Sudanese, but they are ambushed by Mahdi rebels and forced to fight on foot. Soon the British discover that the cavalry who they thought were reinforcements are Sudanese disguised in British uniforms. Among them is Faversham. The British square reorganises and fires a few volleys, in the process killing several survivors of the ambushed cavalry who have not yet returned to the square, including Edward Castleton, who had earlier given Harry a feather. Jack attempts to rescue Castleton in the process but is blinded when his rifle misfires. The British issue an order for retreat.

Harry finds Jack during the battle and protects him after he was blinded. Harry finds letters from Ethne to Jack, but cares for his friend without identifying himself. Never knowing his rescuer, Jack is transported to England. He asks Ethne to marry him, but she does not answer and discusses it with Harry's father.

Tom, another officer, arrives to tell Jack that Harry had visited him in Sudan. During the encounter, Harry confirms that he had sent Abou to alert the British of the Mahdi attack, and is bitter that his friends ignored the warning. Abou tells Harry that he believes Trench lives on in the notorious Mahdi prison of Omdurman. Upon learning this, Harry says he is determined to rescue him. Abou advises Harry against this venture, which is all but certain to lead to his death. Undeterred, Harry allows himself to be captured and imprisoned at Omdurman.

In the prison, Harry finds Trench. They suffer greatly as they are starved and subjected to hard labor. After a failed escape attempt, they concede the hopelessness of their situation. Later Abou rescues Harry and Trench by giving them a poison to fake their deaths. A suspicious guard follows the removal of the bodies, along with three other guards. Harry and Abou kill the four. Abou returns to the desert, and Harry escorts Trench back to Britain. Harry is acknowledged by his father and Ethne reclaims her feather, as Harry has proven his bravery. She has become engaged to Jack.

Jack learns that Harry was his rescuer when he touches Harry's face; Jack releases Ethne from their engagement. After a ceremony of remembrance, Harry and Ethne hold hands and are engaged again.

==Cast==
* [[Heath Ledger]] as Harry Faversham
* [[Wes Bentley]] as Jack Durrance
* [[Djimon Hounsou]] as Abou Fatma
* [[Kate Hudson]] as Ethne Eustace
* [[Rupert Penry-Jones]] as Tom Willoughby
* [[Kris Marshall]] as Edward Castleton
* [[Michael Sheen]] as William Trench
* [[Alex Jennings]] as Colonel Hamilton
* [[James Cosmo]] as Colonel Sutch
* [[Angela Douglas]] as Aunt Mary
* [[Tim Pigott-Smith]] as General Faversham
* [[Lucy Gordon (actress)|Lucy Gordon]] as Isabelle
* [[James Hillier (actor)|James Hillier]] as Drunken Corporal

==Production==
Three supporting artists were injured when a horse bolted on a set during filming in Greenwich.<ref>

[https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1173361.stm Seven injured on film set]</ref>

==Release==
The film opened in North American cinemas on 20 September 2002 and grossed $6,857,879 in its opening weekend, making number 5 at the US box office. ''The Four Feathers'' ended up making $29.8 million worldwide, failing to bring back its $35 million budget.<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/chart/?yr=2002&wknd=38&p=.htm Weekend Box Office for September 20–22, 2002 – Box Office Mojo]</ref>

==Reception==
''The Four Feathers'' received mixed reviews from critics. On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds a 42% approval rating, based on 150 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's consensus reads, "Though beautiful to look at, ''The Four Feathers'' lacks epic excitement and suffers from an ambivalent viewpoint."<ref>{{rottentomatoes|four_feathers}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film has a score of 49 out of 100 based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Four Feathers Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-four-feathers |access-date=December 29, 2022 |website=Metacritic |publisher=[[Fandom, Inc.]]}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |title=The Four Feathers |work= [[CinemaScore]] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= 2018-12-20 }}</ref>

==See also==
* ''[[The Four Feathers]]'' book (1902)
* ''[[The Four Feathers (1939 film)|The Four Feathers]]'' (1939)
* [[White Feather Campaign]]
* ''[[Storm Over the Nile]]'' (1955)
* ''[[Khartoum (1966 film)|Khartoum]]'', a 1966 film dealing with the events leading up to General Gordon's death
* [[Highclere Castle]]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{TCMDb title}}
* {{AFI film}}

{{Shekhar Kapur}}
{{The Four Feathers}}
{{Hossein Amini}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Four Feathers (2002 Film), The}}
[[Category:Films based on The Four Feathers]]
[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2000s action drama films]]
[[Category:2002 adventure films]]
[[Category:2000s historical romance films]]
[[Category:2002 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2000s war drama films]]
[[Category:American historical romance films]]
[[Category:American war drama films]]
[[Category:British action drama films]]
[[Category:British historical romance films]]
[[Category:British romantic drama films]]
[[Category:British war drama films]]
[[Category:Films about friendship]]
[[Category:Films scored by James Horner]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shekhar Kapur]]
[[Category:Films set in Sudan]]
[[Category:Films set in the 1880s]]
[[Category:Films shot in Morocco]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Hossein Amini]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Bruce Joel Rubin]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Michael Schiffer]]
[[Category:Miramax films]]
[[Category:Paramount Pictures films]]
[[Category:2002 English-language films]]
[[Category:2002 American films]]
[[Category:2002 British films]]
[[Category:Films about the British Army]]
[[Category:Films based on works by A. E. W. Mason]]
[[Category:English-language action drama films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic drama films]]
[[Category:English-language war drama films]]
[[Category:English-language historical romance films]]
[[Category:English-language adventure films]]

Dhoomam (1985 film)

2026-03-03T20:57:16Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dhoomam
| image =
| caption =
| director = Chandrasekharan Thampi
| producer =
| writer = Ashokapuram Narayanan
| screenplay = Ashokapuram Narayanan
| starring = O. P. Pillai M. P. Jose Sureshbabu K. K. Kurup
| music =
| cinematography = Moosa Ameeruddeen
| editing = Chandrasekharan Thampi
| studio = Kalakshethra Cine Arts
| distributor = Kalakshethra Cine Arts
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1985}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Dhoomam''''' is a 1985 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Chandrasekharan Thampi. The film stars O. P. Pillai, M. P. Jose, Sureshbabu and K. K. Kurup in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1802|title=Dhoomam|accessdate=2014-10-13|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?5553|title=Dhoomam|accessdate=2014-10-13|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/dhoomam-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016214423/http://spicyonion.com/title/dhoomam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2014|title=Dhoomam|accessdate=2014-10-13|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*O. P. Pillai
*M. P. Jose
*Sureshbabu
*K. K. Kurup
*P. P. Sivadas
*P. I. Chandrasekharan
*Jaya
*Leela
*Valsa James
*Gopakumar
*Ammini
{{colend}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0275300|Dhoomam}}

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Jahangir Embracing Shah Abbas

2026-03-01T01:03:27Z

CryptoCurrencydon: creating new stub added tags

{{Short description|1610s painting by Abu'l Hasan}}
{{Infobox artwork
| image = Abu'l - The St. Petersburg Album- Allegorical representation of Emperor Jahangir and Shah - Google Art Project.jpg
| artist = [[Abu'l-Hasan (artist)|Abu'l Hasan]]
| year = c. 1618
| medium = Opaque watercolor, ink, silver, and gold on paper
| museum = [[Freer Gallery of Art]]
}}

'''''Jahangir Embracing Shah Abbas''''' is a [[Mughal painting]] by the artist [[Abu'l-Hasan (artist)|Abu'l Hasan]]. It is now in the [[Freer Gallery of Art]] in Washington, D.C. It was commissioned by the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]. The painting depicts an imaginary scene, where Jahangir is embracing his rival, the [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] ruler of Iran, Shah [[Abbas the Great|Abbas I]]. Through various iconographical elements, the painting aims to display Jahangir's superiority over his Safavid counterpart.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

== History ==

=== Background and commissioning ===
The painting depicts an imaginary scene of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]] embracing his [[Safavid Iran|Safavid]] counterpart [[Abbas the Great|Abbas I]]. In reality, the two rulers never met. On the painting, an inscription of a [[couplet]], composed by Jahangir himself, speaks of Abbas I having visited him in a dream. This visit is portrayed in this painting by the artist [[Abu'l-Hasan (artist)|Abu'l Hasan]], commissioned by Jahangir.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kavita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jo0mDwAAQBAJ |title=Real Birds in Imagined Gardens: Mughal Painting between Persia and Europe |date=2017-03-07 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-518-1 |pages=58–63 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Beach |first=Milo Cleveland |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.25950 |title=The imperial image: paintings for the Mughal court |date=1981 |publisher=Freer Gallery of Art, Washington |pages=169–170}}</ref> The painting, which serves to display the superiority of Jahangir over Abbas, is representative of Jahangir's anxieties regarding Safavid incursions into [[Kandahar|Qandahar]], a territory disputed between the Safavids and Mughals.<ref name=":2" />

A possible explanation for the commissioning of this work, and other imaginary scenes, such as [[Jahangir Shooting the Head of Malik Ambar|Jahangir Shooting the head of Malik Ambar]], would be that they were attempts to influence the real world through depicting them in the imaginary realm. As it is, [[Malik Ambar]] and Abbas I were two of Jahangir's fiercest adversaries, and while the former was depicted dead with Jahangir shooting arrows at his head, Abbas is depicted in a deferential position to the emperor.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Mumtaz |first=Murad Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iun7EAAAQBAJ&dq=%22ethereal+malachite+green%22&pg=PA153 |title=Faces of God: Images of Devotion in Indo-Muslim Painting, 1500–1800 |date=2023-08-28 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-54944-9 |pages=153–155 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Provenance ===
The painting remained in the Mughal collection up until [[Nader Shah's invasion of India]] (1738/39), when it was looted. It was in the Iranian Imperial Library, up until the 19th century. Subsequently, it appeared on the Iranian art market. It was purchased by the Freer Gallery of Art from [[Hagop Kevorkian]] in 1945. It was part of the so-called "St. Petersburg Album", dispersed in Western markets in the 19th century, and mostly ending in the Russian Imperial collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emperor Jahangir embraces Shah Abbas - National Museum of Asian Art |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1945.9a/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=National Museum of Asian Art |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Description ==
[[File:Shah_Abbas_and_Jahangir_in_embrace,_circa_1618.jpg|thumb|Abbas is depicted to be smaller than Jahangir.]]
Jahangir is towering over Abbas, who he holds in a "dominant embrace".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jyotsna G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NvfuydFcy1MC&dq=jahangir+embracing+shah+abbas&pg=PA2 |title=A Companion to the Global Renaissance: English Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion |date=2013-02-26 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-65122-3 |pages=2–3 |language=en}}</ref> Abbas is depicted in a submissive, diminutive position, with his thin arms unable to even encircle the much larger emperor. Jahangir is richly dressed, and wears bejeweled ornaments, and has a dagger hanging from his waistband, while Abbas wears no ornaments and is unarmed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Asok |date=1980-01-01 |title=Mughal Painting during Jahangir's Time |url=https://www.academia.edu/90891267 |journal=Artibus Asiae |pages=383–384}}</ref>

The background consists of a [[Halo (religious iconography)|nimbus]], that depicts a golden solar orb resting upon a [[crescent]] moon. The nimbus is held up by two [[Cherub|cherubs]]. This nimbus represents the concept of ''farr'', that states that a divine illumination is present in worthy kings. The fact that Jahangir and Abbas share the nimbus, indicates the worthiness of both rulers.<ref name=":0" /> As was common, the floral border is by a different artist, in this case Muhammad Sadiq.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emperor Jahangir embraces Shah Abbas - National Museum of Asian Art |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1945.9a/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=National Museum of Asian Art |language=en-US}}</ref>

The lower part of the painting is occupied by a geographically accurate [[globe]], the design of which is most likely based upon European globes that had been brought to the Mughal court by the English diplomat [[Thomas Roe]].<ref name=":1" /> The globe was an important [[Motif (visual arts)|motif]] used in paintings during the reign of Jahangir, with several depictions of the emperor holding, standing upon, or receiving a globe being painted by artists of this period. The globe represents Earthly rule, and alludes to the meaning of "Jahangir", that is, "world-seizer".<ref name=":0" />

A lion and a lamb are placed upon the globe, with Jahangir's feet upon the lion, and Abbas's feet upon the lamb. The motif of the lion and the lamb is a part of traditional imperial iconography, and represents the peace that has been brought about by Jahangir's reign. Each animal occupies, on the globe, the territory of the ruler above them. That is, the lamb rests upon Iran, and the lion upon India. However, the lion occupies all of the border regions, claimed by both emperors, and appears to be nudging the lamb towards Iran. This, again, is not indicative of the reality, and represents Jahangir's growing anxieties about the Persian incursions into the disputed territory.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

Another miniature from the album, also in the Freer, shows the two rulers seated together on a divan, at more equal sizes. This is attributed to the painter Bishandas (active 1590–1640).<ref>[https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1942.16a/ Freer page]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Works by Abu'l Hasan}}
[[Category:Indian paintings]]
[[Category:Mughal art]]
[[Category:Paintings in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:1610s paintings]]
[[Category:Watercolor paintings]]
[[Category:Indian artefacts held abroad]]

Sub Junior Girls' National Football Championship

2026-02-24T10:01:01Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up The Data Basic Info

{{short description|Indian football tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox football tournament
| name = Sub Junior Girls' National Football Championship
| logo =
| founded = {{Start date and age|2003}}
| region = India
| number of teams = 29
| related comps =
| current champions = [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]] (3rd title)
| most successful team = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]] (6 titles)
| broadcasters =
| website = {{URL|https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/sub-junior-girls-nfc|Sub Junior Girl's NFC}}
| current =
}}

The '''Sub Junior Girls' National Football Championship'''<ref name="inft" >{{Cite web|title=Hero Sub Junior Girl's NFC |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/competitions/sub-junior-girls-nfc |access-date=8 January 2022 |website=AIFF }}</ref> is an [[India|Indian]] [[association football|football]] girls tournament held for under 17 players. The competition is held every year between the teams representing [[List of Indian state football associations|state associations]] of India under AIFF. The tournament was instituted by the AIFF in 2003 with the first edition held at Ooty in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="inft" />

The latest edition held in 2019 at Cuttack was won by [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5211 |title=Hero Sub-Junior Girls National Football Championship 2019-20, Jharkhand vs Arunachal Pradesh |access-date=2021-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Women's football in Jharkhand – What are they doing right? |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/womens-football-in-jharkhand-scouting-development/ |website=The Bridge |date=25 February 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How Jharkhand became the hotbed of women's football in India? |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/womens-football-in-jharkhand-scouting-development/ |website=The Bridge |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Soham |date=12 July 2020 }}</ref>

== Championship structure ==
The NFC structure was converted into a two tiered championship format from the 2023–24 season. The state associations are eligible to participate in the championship through the two tiers of the competition played across the country.

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |Sub Junior Girl's National Football Championship
|-
!Tier
!Division
|-
!I
|Sub Junior Girl's NFC Tier 1
|-
!II
|Sub Junior Girl's NFC Tier 2
|}

==Results==
The following is the list of winners and runners-up:<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Winners/Runners-Up of the National Championships for Sub-Junior Women (under-17) |url=http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sjwomennationals.html |access-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022180101/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/sjwomennationals.html |archive-date=22 October 2020 }}</ref>

===Tier 1===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Season
! Host
!style="background:gold"|Winner
! Score
!style="background:silver"|Runner-up
|-
| 2003–04 ||align=left|[[Ooty]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 1–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2004–05 ||align=left|[[Tamil Nadu]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 4–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2006–07 ||align=left|[[Chandigarh]] || '''[[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]''' || 1–0 || [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
|-
| 2008–09 ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 2–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2009–10 ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 1–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2010–11 ||align=left|[[Uttarakhand]] || '''{{nowrap|[[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]}}''' || 1–0 || [[Odisha women's football team|Orissa]]
|-
| 2014–15 ||align=left|[[Cuttack]] || '''[[Mizoram women's football team|Mizoram]]''' || 3–0 || [[Haryana women's football team|Haryana]]
|-
| 2017–18 ||align=left|[[Manipur]] || '''[[Chandigarh women's football team|Chandigarh]]''' || 3–1 || [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
|-
| 2018–19 ||align=left|[[Cuttack]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 2–1 || [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
|-
| 2019–20 ||align=left|[[Cuttack]] || '''[[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]''' || 4–0 || {{nowrap|[[Arunachal Pradesh women's football team|Arunachal Pradesh]]}}
|-
| 2020–23 ||colspan=4|''Not held''
|-
| 2023–24 ||align=left|[[Ludhiana]] || '''[[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]''' || 7–1 || [[West Bengal women's football team|West Bengal]]
|-
| 2024–25 ||align=left|[[Berhampore]] || '''[[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]''' || 7–5 || [[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]
|-
| 2025–26 ||align=left|[[Jorhat]] || '''[[Jharkhand women's football team|Jharkhand]]''' || 3–2 || [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
|}

===Tier 2===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Season
! Host
!style="background:gold"|Winner
! Score
!style="background:silver"|{{nowrap|Runner-up}}
|-
| 2023–24 ||align=left|[[Belgaum]] || '''[[Karnataka women's football team|Karnataka]]''' || 7–2 || [[Delhi women's football team|Delhi]]
|-
| 2024–25 ||align=left|[[Neemuch]] || '''[[Madhya Pradesh women's football team|Madhya Pradesh]]''' || 2–1 || [[Odisha women's football team|Odisha]]
|-
| 2025–26 ||align=left|[[Narayanpur, Chhattisgarh|Narayanpur]] || '''[[Uttar Pradesh women's football team|Uttar Pradesh]]''' || 2–1 || [[Kerala women's football team|Kerala]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sub-Junior Girl's National Football Championship}}
[[Category:Football cup competitions in India]]
[[Category:Youth football in India]]
[[Category:Youth association football competitions in Asia]]
[[Category:All India Football Federation competitions]]

{{India-footy-competition-stub}}

K. Selvaperunthagai

2026-02-16T12:53:16Z

CryptoCurrencydon: formatting fix

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. Selvaperunthagai
| image =
Selvaperunthagai.png
| office = President of the [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]]
| 1blankname = [[President of the Indian National Congress|National President]]
| 1namedata = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| term_start = 18 February 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[K. S. Alagiri]]
| successor =
| office1 = Leader of Congress Legislative Party, Tamil Nadu Assembly
| term_start1 = May 2021
| term_end1 = February 2024
| predecessor1 = [[K. R. Ramasamy (politician)|K.R.Ramasamy]]
| successor1 = [[S. Rajeshkumar]]
| office2 = State Chairman, SC Department, [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]]
| term_start2 = 2012
| term_end2 = 2022
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 = Chair Person, Public Accounts Committee, [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]<ref name="tweet1">{{cite tweet |author=Selvaperunthagai K |user=SPK_TNCC |number=1408302719035605001 |date=25 June 2021 |title=நன்றி 🙏 https://t.co/XlbCSftokG |language=ta |access-date=29 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704160758/https://twitter.com/spk_tncc/status/1408302719035605001 |archive-date=4 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| term_start3 = 25 June 2021
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = [[M.K.Stalin]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = Member, [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] (MLA)
| constituency4 = [[Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency|Sriperumbudur]]
| term_start4 = 2 May 2021
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = K. Palani
| successor4 =
| term_start5 = 11 May 2006
| term_end5 = 13 May 2011
| predecessor5 = [[C. V. Ganesan]]
| successor5 = Assembly delimited as [[Tittakudi (state assembly constituency)|Tittakudi]]
| constituency5 = [[Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Mangalore]]
| office6 = Member, SC/ST Welfare Committee, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start6 = 24 July 2021
| term_end6 =
| office7 = State President of [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start7 = 11 November 2008
| term_end7 = 4 July 2010
| predecessor7 = [[K. Armstrong]]
| successor7 = K. Armstrong
| occupation = [[Politician]], [[advocate]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|4|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kanchipuram district|Manimangalam]], [[Madras State]], India
| residence = Sriperumbudur, [[Tamil Nadu]]
| spouse = Umayal Selvaperunthagai
| party = [[Indian National Congress]](Since 2010)
| otherparty = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (2008 - 2010) [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] (till 2008) [[Puthiya Tamilagam]] [[Puratchi Bharatham Katchi]]
| alma_mater = BL ([[Sri Venkateswara University]]) MA ([[Madras University]])
}}
'''K. Selvaperunthagai''' is an Indian politician representing the party [[Indian National Congress]]. He is the president of [[Tamil Nadu Congress Committee|Tamil Nadu Congress party]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/selvaperunthagai-named-state-congress-president-rajesh-kumar-new-floor-leader/article67858665.ece/|title=Selvaperunthagai named State Congress president, Rajesh Kumar new floor leader|date=18 February 2024|work=The Hindu}}</ref> He served as the State Chairman of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee's section of SC Department. He is currently MLA from [[Sriperumbudur (state assembly constituency)|Sriperumbudur Constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/selvaperunthagai-22029-2|title=Selvaperunthagai Election Results 2021: News, Votes, Results of Tamil-nadu Assembly|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Early life==

K.Sevaperunthagai was born on 14 April 1964 at Manimangalam Village, Sriperumbudur, [[Tamil Nadu]]. His parents were Kuppusamy and Rasammal.

He did his Bachelor of Law at [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati]] and MA at [[Madras University]].

==Political career==
He started his political career at [[Puratchi Bharatham Katchi]]. He later joined [[Puthiya Tamilagam]] Party and got expelled in January 2001. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from Mangalore constituency in the 2006 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections as a member of the party [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]], After that, due to a disagreement with Thirumavalavan, he left the VCK and joined [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] on 11 November 2008 and later switched to [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] on 1 August 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/government-and-politics/politics/52718--2|title=நிரூபிக்கும் தாவல் பெருந்தகை!|website=vikatan.com|date=8 August 2010}}</ref>

== Member of Legislative Assembly ==
He is currently elected [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/selvaperunthagai-sriperumbudur-(sc)-candidate-s22a029c001/|title=Selvaperunthagai | Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos|website=News18}}</ref> to the 2021 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections from Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency on behalf of the Indian National Congress and has been elected as the Leader of the Legislative Assembly of the Congress Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/selvaperunthagai-appointed-congress-legislative-party-leader-in-tamil-nadu-assembly/articleshow/82884629.cms|title=Selvaperunthagai appointed Congress Legislative Party leader in Tamil Nadu assembly | Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
On 25 June 2021, he was unanimously nominated as Chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="tweet1"/> On 24 July 2021, he was appointed a member of All party SC/ST Welfare Committee, [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] by Chief Minister Thiru. [[M.K.Stalin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-govt-sets-up-all-party-panel-for-sc/st-welfare/articleshow/84698587.cms|title = Tamil Nadu govt sets up all-party panel for SC/ST welfare | Chennai News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

;[[16th Tamil Nadu Assembly#Committees|Committee assignments of 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]<ref name="TN Committee 2021-2022">{{cite web |title=Members of the Standing Committees of the House (2021-2022) |url=https://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/16thassembly/standing_committees.php |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-date=12 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312035152/https://assembly.tn.gov.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Chairperson (2021–23) [[16th Tamil Nadu Assembly#Public Accounts Committee|Public Accounts Committee]]

==Electoral performances==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Election
!colspan="2"|Party
!Constituency Name
!Result
!Votes gained
!Vote share%
|-
|2006
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu Assembly Election]]
|rowspan="1" {{party color cell|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}
|rowspan="1" |[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]] 
|[[Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|Mangalore]]
|{{Won}}
|62,217
|43.7%
|-
|2011
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu Assembly Election]]
|rowspan="2" {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]] 
|[[Chengam (state assembly constituency)|Chengam]]
|{{Lost}}
|72,225
|40.50%
|-
|2016
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu Assembly Election]]
|[[Sriperumbudur (state assembly constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
|{{Lost}}
|90,285
|38.23%
|-
|2021
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu Assembly Election]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[Sriperumbudur (state assembly constituency)|Sriperumbudur]]
|{{Won}}
|1,15,353
|43.65%
|-
|}

{{transcluded section|source=Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Mangalore, Tamil Nadu Assembly constituency|2006}}}}
{{transcluded section|source=Chengam Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Chengam Assembly constituency|2011}}}}
{{transcluded section|source=Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency|2016}}}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Sriperumbudur Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Selvaperunthagai, K.}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee]]

Anca Verma

2026-02-11T15:45:42Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Data

{{Short description|Romanian supermodel}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{multiple issues|
{{POV|date=March 2025}}
{{COI|date=May 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anca Verma
| image = Anca Verma photo shoot - Miss Romania swimsuit title.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Anca Verma in 2010
| birth_name = Anca Maria Neacșu
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1987|08|08|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Galați]], Romania
| education = [[University of Galați]]
| occupation = Industrialist and Philanthropist
| organization = Shrikant Verma Trust
| known_for = Arms dealer and former model
| height = 179 cms
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Abhishek Verma (arms dealer)|Abhishek Verma]]|2006}}
| children = Nicolle Verma (daughter)
Aditeshwar Verma (son)
| website = {{URL|thevermafamily.org}}
}}

'''Anca Verma''' (née '''Neacșu'''; born 8 August 1987) is a former Romanian [[model (person)|model]]. She is married to [[Abhishek Verma (arms dealer)|Abhishek Verma]] and is known for being arrested along with her husband for an alleged corruption and money laundering case in New Delhi, India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-15 |title=Renowned hotelier Didi, Indian billionaire Abhishek Verma announce strategic alliance to invest in Maldives |url=https://maldives.net.mv/24402/renowned-hotelier-didi-indian-billionaire-abhishek-verma-announce-strategic-alliance-to-invest-in-maldives/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Maldives Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Ananya |date=2022-09-06 |title=10 yrs after going to jail in arms case, 'Lord of War' Abhishek Verma resurfaces as Delhi tycoon |url=https://theprint.in/india/10-yrs-after-going-to-jail-in-arms-case-lord-of-war-abhishek-verma-resurfaces-as-delhi-tycoon/1117158/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017 Verma was discharged in two money laundering and corruption cases by the CBI courts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Nirnimesh |date=2017-04-26 |title=Court discharges Abhishek Verma, wife in graft cases |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/court-discharges-abhishek-verma-wife-in-graft-cases/article18233443.ece |access-date=2025-04-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Career==
After leaving modelling, she joined Atlas Telecom Network Romania, a mobile service provider.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlas Telecom Romania |url=http://www.atlastelecom.ro/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501050718/http://www.atlastelecom.ro/ |archive-date=1 May 2016}}</ref>

Verma was the Chairperson<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unveiling new calendar in Delhi |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Unveiling-new-calendar-in-Delhi-12062017102078 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043427/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Unveiling-new-calendar-in-Delhi-12062017102078 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=24 November 2017 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> of Olialia World<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alinazeer.com/olialia-investment-in-maldives-involves-nothing-unusual-says-country-partner-2/|title=Olialia investment in Maldives involves nothing unusual: says country partner.|last=Nazeer|first=Ali|website=alinazeer.com|access-date=24 November 2017}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a [[Fast-moving consumer goods|fast moving consumer goods]] company.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/10/11/blond.resort.maldives/index.html|title=Firm plans resort staffed by blondes only |publisher=CNN|first=A. |last=Pawlowski|access-date=24 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/8043839/Island-to-be-staffed-exclusively-by-blondes.html|title=Island to be staffed exclusively by blondes|last=Newling|first=Dan|date=5 October 2010|access-date=24 November 2017|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

Verma is involved in philanthropic activities in [[India]] and [[Romania]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Festival of Hope holds 13th charity fashion show in New Delhi |url=https://in.fashionnetwork.com/news/Festival-of-hope-holds-13th-charity-fashion-show-in-new-delhi,1163190.html |access-date=29 April 2020 |website=FashionNetwork.com|date= 29 November 2019}}</ref>

==Arrest and imprisonment==
Verma and her husband have been accused of corruption and money laundering and were arrested<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bucharestherald.com/dailyevents/41-dailyevents/34179-huge-international-scandal-romanian-anca-maria-neacsu-and-her-husband-billionaire-verma-arrested-in-india|title=Huge international scandal! Romanian Anca Maria Neacsu and her husband, billionaire Verma arrested in India|last=Administrator|website=Bucharest Herald|access-date=24 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044402/http://www.bucharestherald.com/dailyevents/41-dailyevents/34179-huge-international-scandal-romanian-anca-maria-neacsu-and-her-husband-billionaire-verma-arrested-in-india|url-status=usurped}}</ref> by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] for supposedly [[bribing]] Indian defense officials to secure billion-dollar weapons contracts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/opinion/abhishek-bhalla/story/abhishek-verma-universe-of-lust-and-lucre-111535-2012-07-28|title=Abhishek Verma's universe of lust and lucre|work=India Today|date=29 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/how-arms-dealer-abhishek-verma-exploited-top-secret-defence-information-517018|title=How arms dealer Abhishek Verma exploited top-secret defence information|work=ndtv.com}}</ref> On 8 June 2012, they were both imprisoned in [[Tihar Jail]], Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/arms-dealer-wife-have-a-jailhouse-romance-in-tihar/story-gX18slF2ZEg3LiyjqNJwWK.html|title=Arms dealer, wife have a jailhouse romance in Tihar|work=hindustantimes.com/|date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cancan.ro/actualitate/romanca-arestata-in-india-alaturi-de-sotul-ei-ramane-in-arest-desi-invartea-milioane-de-euro-acesta-nu-are-bani-de-cautiune.html|title=Romanca arestata in India alaturi de sotul ei... |work=Cancan.ro|date=5 March 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evz.ro/de-la-receptionera-la-afaceri-de-miliarde-de-dolari-986736.html|title=De la recepţioneră, la afaceri de miliarde de dolari|work=evz.ro|date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Verma was the inspiration for author [[Sunetra Choudhury]] who wrote a book Prison Tales published by [[Roli Books]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Indian Billionaire Abhishek Verma forms Strategic Alliance |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/indian-billionaire-abhishek-verma-forms-strategic-alliance/1257688 |access-date=29 April 2020 |website=outlookindia.com/}}</ref> and featured Verma as the [[Very important person|VIP]] inmate who wore 24K gold plated [[Louis Vuitton]] high heel shoes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/843659/this-is-how-wealthy-prisoners-can-get-luxuries-in-jail-just-like-sasikala-did|title=This is how wealthy prisoners can get luxuries in jail (just like Sasikala did?)|last=Choudhury|first=Sunetra|website=Scroll.in|date=14 July 2017 |access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> in prison.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Philanthropists Abhishek and Anca Verma donate medical supplies in India |url=http://www.nationalpoliticalmirror.com/coronavirus-philanthropists-abhishek-and-anca-verma-donate-medical-supplies-in-india/ |access-date=29 April 2020 |website=National Political Mirror}}</ref>

Verma's bail plea was rejected by the [[Delhi High Court]] in March 2015,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/hc-dismisses-bail-plea-of-verma-s-wife-former-iaf-officer-115031600973_1.html|title=HC dismisses bail plea of Verma's wife, former IAF officer|agency=Press Trust of India|date=16 March 2015|work=Business Standard}}</ref> but on 20 May 2016 the court granted her bail after four years in prison. According to Indian investigators, their attempts to freeze Verma's offshore bank accounts in the [[tax haven]] of [[Liechtenstein|Principality of Liechtenstein]] had been unsuccessful as the Liechtenstein government rejected the request from [[Enforcement Directorate]] India, calling it a '[[fishing expedition]]' as no charges had been brought forward that could constitute a criminal offence in Liechtenstein or the [[European Union]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2015 |title=Secret funds of Anca Verma in Liechtenstein |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-22/news/62504412_1_rheinmetall-air-defence-abhishek-verma-anca-neacsu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526060539/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-05-22/news/62504412_1_rheinmetall-air-defence-abhishek-verma-anca-neacsu |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2015 |work=Economic Times}}</ref>

In April 2017, Verma was [[Exoneration|exonerated]] by a [[Extraordinary court|special court]] of CBI in New Delhi from the charges of corruption and [[money laundering]] and the two cases against Verma were dismissed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/court-discharges-abhishek-verma-wife-in-graft-cases/article18233443.ece|title=Court discharges Abhishek Verma, wife in graft cases|last=Kumar|first=Nirnimesh|date=27 April 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=24 November 2017|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/court-discharges-arms-dealer-verma-wife-in-two-cases-117042601216_1.html|title=Court discharges arms dealer Verma, wife in two cases|last=IANS|date=26 April 2017|work=Business Standard India|access-date=24 November 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verma, Anca}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Romanian women]]
[[Category:Romanian female models]]
[[Category:Romanian businesswomen]]
[[Category:Romanian hoteliers]]
[[Category:People from Galați]]
[[Category:Romanian emigrants to India]]
[[Category:Romanian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Romanian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]

Asha Sachdev

2026-02-10T03:32:32Z

CryptoCurrencydon: slightly add lead per standard format and corrected details to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Asha Sachdev
| image = AshaSachdev (cropped).jpg
| caption = Sachdev in 2012
| birth_name = Nafeesa Sultan
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|05|27|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Bombay State]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 1972–present
| relatives = [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar]] (brother) [[Arshad Warsi]] (half-brother)
}}

'''Nafeesa Sultan''' (born 27 May 1956), better known as '''Asha Sachdev''', is an Indian former actress who worked in Hindi films during 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="JhaBachchan2005">{{cite book |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |last2=Bachchan |first2=Amitabh |title=The essential guide to Bollywood |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1mVuJJPm3UC&pg=PA1999-IA1 |access-date=31 May 2011 |date=1 November 2005 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-81-7436-378-7 |pages=1999–}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shake a leg with the golden era queens |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1399227/report-shake-a-leg-with-the-golden-era-queens |publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]] |date=21 June 2010 |access-date=23 April 2013}}</ref> She acted in a few early films as a leading lady, including the spy film ''[[Agent Vinod (1977 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' (1977) and the thriller ''[[Woh Main Nahin]]'', and later shifted to supporting characters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shriman Bond |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/M34zDFWH7IAEC6SOHUutjN/Shriman-Bond.html |publisher=Mint |date=19 January 2008 |access-date=23 April 2013}}</ref> She has appeared in over 90 films in her career and is a recipient of a [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Filmfare]] award for her work in ''[[Priyatama]]'' (1978).<ref name=":0" />

Sachdev starred in a few successful films including ''[[Hifazat (1973 film)|Hifazat]]'' (1973) and ''[[Ek Hi Raasta (1977 film)|Ek Hi Raasta]]'' (1977). The latter featured the song "Jis Kaam Ko Dono Aye Hai", picturised on her and [[Jeetendra]]; it remains popular till date, along with the [[qawwali]] "Pal Do Pal Ka " from ''[[The Burning Train]]'' (1980).

==Personal life==
Sachdev was born as Nafeesa Sultan on May 27, 1956.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=Who was Asha Sachdev? Some Lesser-known facts About former Bollywood actress |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/who-was-asha-sachdev-some-lesser-known-facts-about-former-bollywood-actress-8489113.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=[[News 18]] |language=en}}</ref> She is the daughter of actress Raziyah (who later changed her name to Ranjana)<ref name=":1" /> and musician Ahmed Ali Khan (Ashiq Hussain). After her parents divorced and her mother remarried, she adopted the stage name "Asha Sachdev", from the name of her stepfather. Singer [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar Hussain]] is her brother and through her father's second marriage she is the half-sister of actor [[Arshad Warsi]]. Later in her life, Sachdev converted from Islam to [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-meet-actress-asha-sachdev-follows-hinduism-born-in-muslim-family-still-unmarried-after-fiance-died-3098634/asha-sachdev-acting-career-3098636 | title=Meet actress, who follows Hinduism after being born in a Muslim family, is still unmarried after her fiance died in }}</ref>

In 2018, Sachdev revealed that she was engaged to a man named Kishen Lal in her youth, but he died shortly after, in an accident. She is unmarried till date.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ranjan |first=Sweta |date=2018-03-14 |title=The Lost Star: Asha Sachdev |url=https://www.nationalkhabar.com/the-lost-star-asha-sachdev/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=National Khabar |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Sachdev was an alumna of the [[Film and Television Institute of India]], Pune and joined Bollywood. She began her career in a low-budget film ''[[Double Cross (1972 film)|Double Cross]]'' in 1972, wherein she played a bold and dynamic role; the film was a flop. She subsequently played the leading lady in ''Hifazat'' (1973) and was appreciated for her good performance and the songs, especially "Yeh Mastaani Dagar" and "Hamrahi Mera Pyar", which became popular. Somehow the image stuck and thereafter she was offered only supporting and bold characters. Her bare dare appearance in red hot pants in the Navin Nishchol-[[Rekha]] star thriller ''[[Woh Main Nahin]]'' (1974), which was remake of ''Naan Avan Illai'', created a storm and she was flooded with item dance offers and vamp roles.

She occasionally received offers in the leading role, as in ''Agent Vinod'' and ''Ek Hi Raasta'' (both 1977), which became hits. She won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her role as [[Neetu Singh]]'s best friend in ''[[Priyatama]]'' in 1978. In the role, she wore a simple saree and was bespectacled throughout the film. Some of her other notable films include ''Mama Bhanja'', ''Lafange'', ''Mehbooba'', ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'', ''Duniya Meri Jeb Mein'', ''The Burning Train'', ''Judaai'', ''Prem Rog'' and ''Eeshwar''. In the late 1980s, she moved to television, acting in serials throughout the 90s.

She made a comeback to films later in the 2000s and was seen playing character roles in films like ''Fiza'' (2000), ''Aghaaz'', ''Jhoom Barabar Jhoom'' (2007) and ''Aaja Nachle'' (2008). In television, she worked in the early soap opera, ''[[Buniyaad]]'' (1986), and in 2008, she also appeared in the series, ''[[Jugni Chali Jalandhar]]'' on SAB TV, with actor [[Ranjeet]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ranjeet's little secret is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ranjeets-little-secret-is-out/articleshow/3874928.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103033605/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-23/tv/27911962_1_ranjeet-baba-sehgal-sets |url-status=live |archive-date=3 November 2013 |date=23 December 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=23 April 2013}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Notes
|-
|1972 || ''[[Bindiya Aur Bandook]]'' || ||
|-
|1972 || ''[[Double Cross (1972 film)|Double Cross]]'' || Lily ||
|-
|1973 || ''[[Hifazat (1973 film)|Hifazat]]'' || Asha ||
|-
|1973 || ''[[Haathi Ke Daant]]'' || ||
|-
|1973 || ''[[Kashmakash (1973 film)|Kashmakash]]'' || Ritu ||
|-
|1973 || ''[[Ek Nari Do Roop]]'' || ||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Parinay]]'' || ||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Do Nambar Ke Amir]]'' || ||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Woh Main Nahin]]'' || ||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Do Chattane]]'' || ||
|-
|1974 || ''[[Vada Tera Vada]]'' || ||
|-
|1975 || ''[[Lafange]]'' || Leena ||
|-
|1976 || ''[[Mehbooba (1976 film)|Mehbooba]]'' || Rita Malhotra ||
|-
|1976 || ''[[Ladki Bholi Bhali]]'' || ||
|-
|1976 || ''[[Harfan Maulaa]]'' || ||
|-
|1977 || ''[[Mama Bhanja]]'' || ||
|-
|1977 || ''[[Agent Vinod (1977 film)|Agent Vinod]]'' || Anju Saxena ||
|-
|1977 || ''[[Priyatama]]'' || Renu ||
|-
|1977 || ''[[Ek Hi Raasta (1977 film)|Ek Hi Raasta]]'' || ||
|-
|1977 || ''[[Nana Ranger Dinguli]]'' || || Bengali Film
|-
|1978 || ''[[Anjane Mein]]'' || ||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Khoon Ka Badla Khoon]]'' || ||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Bhookh (1978 film)|Bhookh]]'' || ||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Nanna Prayaschittha]]'' || Dr Aasha ||Kannada Film
|-
|1978 ||''[[Assignment Bombay]]'' || ||
|-
|1978 || ''[[Aahuti (1978 film)|Aahuti]]'' || ||
|-
|1979 || ''[[Bebus]]'' || ||
|-
|1980 || ''[[The Burning Train]]'' || Ramkali ||
|-
|1980 || ''[[Judaai (1980 film)|Judaai]]'' || ||
|-
|1981 || ''[[Jwala Daku]]'' || Bijli ||
|-
|1981 || ''[[Nakhuda (film)|Nakhuda]]'' || Courtesan ||
|-
|1981 || ''[[Pyar Ki Manzil]]'' || ||
|-
|1981 || ''[[Roohi (1981 film)|Roohi]]'' || ||
|-
|1981 || ''[[Kanhaiyaa]]'' || ||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Satte Pe Satta]]'' || Guru's girlfriend ||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Suraag (1982 film)|Suraag]]'' || Renu Lamba||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Begunah Qaidi]]'' || ||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Prem Rog]]'' || ||
|-
|1982 || ''[[Raakh Aur Chingari]]'' || ||
|-
|1983 || ''[[Humse Na Jeeta Koi (1983 film)|Humse Na Jeeta Koi]]'' || ||
|-
|1983 || ''[[Kanku Ni Kimat]]'' || ||Gujrati Film
|-
|1983 || ''[[Pyaasi Aankhen]]'' || ||
|-
|1984
|''[[Sardaar (1984 film)|Sardaar]]''
|Dilshad Begum
|
|-
|1984 || ''[[Ek Nai Paheli]]'' || Jeet Kumari ||
|-
|1984 || ''[[Hanste Khelte (1984 film)|Hanste Khelte]]'' || ||
|-
|1984 || ''[[Maang Saja Do Meri]]'' || ||
|-
|1984 || ''[[कानून क्या करेगा (1984 फ़िल्म)|Kanoon Kya Karega]]'' || ||
|-
|1984 || ''[[Kunwari Bahu]]'' || ||
|-
|1985 || ''[[Mujhe Kasam Hai]]'' || ||
|-
|1985 || ''[[3D Saamri]]'' || Maria ||
|-
|1985 || ''[[Karm Yudh]]'' || ||
|-
|1985 || ''[[Patthar]]'' || ||
|-
|1985 || ''[[Jaago (1985 film)|Jaago]]'' || ||
|-
|1986 || ''[[Locket (film)|Locket]]'' || ||
|-
|1987 || ''[[Jaago Hua Savera]]'' || ||
|-
|1987 || ''[[Pyar Ke Kabil]]'' || ||
|-
|1988 || ''[[Padosi Ki Biwi]]'' || ||
|-
|1988 || ''[[Akhri Muqabla]]'' || ||
|-
|1988 || ''[[Do Waqt Ki Roti (1988 film)|Do Waqt Ki Roti]]'' || ||
|-
|1989 || ''[[Eeshwar (1989 film)|Eeshwar]]'' || Village Washerwoman ||
|-
|1989 || ''[[Shagun]]'' || ||
|-
|1990 || ''[[Baaghi: A Rebel for Love|Baaghi]]'' || Leelabai ||
|-
|1990 || ''[[Agneepath (1990 film)|Agneepath]]'' || Chanda Bai ||
|-
|1991 ||''[[Kohraam]]'' || ||
|-
|1992 || ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' || ||
|-
|1992|| ''[[Ishq Khuda Hai]]'' || ||
|-
|1993 || ''[[Chandra Mukhi]]'' || Kamini Rai ||
|-
|1995 || ''[[Barsaat (1995 film)|Barsaat]]'' || ||
|-
|1995 || ''[[Kartavya (1995 film)|Kartavya]]'' || Roop Sundari (Ugranarayan's wife) ||
|-
|1995 || ''[[Oru Abhibhashakante Case Diary]]'' || || Malayalam Film
|-
|1997 || ''[[Kaun Rokega Mujhe]]'' || ||
|-
|2000 || ''[[Fiza]]'' || Ulfat ||
|-
|2000 || ''[[Aaghaaz]]'' || ||
|-
|2000 || ''[[Tune Mera Dil Le Liyaa]]'' || ||
|-
|2002 || ''[[Kabhie Tum Kabhie Hum]]'' || ||
|-
|2003 || ''[[Stumped (film)|Stumped]]'' || ||
|-
|2006 || ''[[Rafta Rafta – The Speed]]'' || ||
|-
|2007 || ''[[Jhoom Barabar Jhoom]]'' || ||
|-
|2007 || ''[[Aaja Nachle]]'' || ||
|-
|2008 || ''[[Tandoori Love]]'' || || English Film
|-
|2010 || ''[[Pankh]]'' || ||
|-
|2010 || ''[[Dunno Y... Na Jaane Kyon]]'' || ||
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Serial !! Role !! Channel !! Notes
|-
| 1986-1987 || ''[[Buniyaad]]'' || Shanno || [[DD National]] ||
|-
| 2000 || ''Eena Meena Deeka''|| || [[DD Metro]]
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0755091}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|asha-sachdev}}
* [http://cineplot.com/asha-sachdev-memories/ Asha Sachdev – Memories, 1998 interview]

{{FilmfareBestSupportingActressAward}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sachdev, Asha}}
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Film and Television Institute of India alumni]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Indian former Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

Rajalakshmi Jayaram

2026-02-10T02:48:17Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Started entry

{{Short description|Indian actress (died 2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajalakshmi Jayaram
| image = Rajalakshmi Jayaram.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 18 October 2021 (aged 82)
| death_place = [[Kottayam]], [[Attingal]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| parents =
| spouse= D Jayaram
| children = C. J. Rajeshkumar, C. J. Girishkumar
| occupation = Actress
}}

'''Rajalakshmi Jayaram''' was an Indian Cine- [[Theatre]] actress who acted prominently in [[Malayalam film|Malayalam]] films.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://keralakaumudi.com/news/news.php?id=664963&u=d |title=ആദ്യകാല ചലച്ചിത്ര നടി രാജലക്ഷ്മി നിര്യാതയായി |publisher=keralakaumudi |accessdate=19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://jsnewstimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/rajalakshmi-death-actress-rajalakshmi-dies-at-the-age-of-82-actress-rajalakshmi-dies-at-the-age-of-82 |title=Actress Rajalakshmi dies at the age of 82 |publisher=jsnewstimes |accessdate=19 October 2021 |archive-date=29 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229132412/https://jsnewstimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/rajalakshmi-death-actress-rajalakshmi-dies-at-the-age-of-82-actress-rajalakshmi-dies-at-the-age-of-82 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.samakalikamalayalam.com/chalachithram-film/2021/oct/19/actress-rajalakshmi-passes-away-133412.html |title=നടി രാജലക്ഷ്മി അന്തരിച്ചു |date=19 October 2021 |publisher=samakalikamalayalam |accessdate=19 October 2021}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
The first movie of Rajalakshmi is [[Bhoomiyile Malakha]] as heroine and [[Prem Nazir]] is the hero of the film. She has acted also in [[Kaliyodam]] and [[Mayavi (1965 film)|Mayavi]] Malayalam movies<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/district-news/thiruvananthapuram/2021/10/19/trivandrum-actress-rajalakshmi-passes-away.html |title=പ്രേംനസീറിന്റെ ആദ്യകാല നായിക |publisher=manoramaonline |accessdate=19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Rajalakshmi was the heroine of all the major plays of [[Deshabhimani Theaters]]. Rajalakshmi married late D Jayaram, the former chairman of [[Attingal]] Municipal Council. After the marriage she left acting. They have two sons, Adv. C. J. Rajeshkumar, the former chairman of [[Attingal]] Municipal Council and C. J. Girishkumar.

==Death==
Rajalakshmi died in her 82nd year on 18 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://metrojournalonline.com/kerala/actress-rajalakshmi-passes-away/cid5556268.htm |title=നടി രാജലക്ഷ്മി അന്തരിച്ചു |publisher=metrojournalonline |accessdate=19 October 2021 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062222/https://metrojournalonline.com//kerala/actress-rajalakshmi-passes-away/cid5556268.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://m3db.com/rajalakshmi-senior Rajalakshmi Senior]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Rajalakshmi}}
[[Category:1930s births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]

{{India-stage-actor-stub}}
{{India-film-actor-1930s-stub}}

Krimchi temples

2026-02-04T05:02:20Z

CryptoCurrencydon: basic correct intro per standard format and added references for clarity

{{Short description|8th-century temple complex in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
[[File:KrimachiTemplesMain.jpg|thumb|right|Krimachi Group of Temples in Udhampur, Jammu, J&K, India]]

'''Krimchi temples''' is a complex of seven ancient [[Hindu temples]] in the [[Udhampur District]] of the [[Jammu Division]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. It is located on bank of a stream ''Birunala'' in village Krimachi, 12 km from [[Udhampur]]. This group of temples is locally known as the [[Pandava]] Temples.

== History ==
[[File:Spirekrimchi.jpg|thumb|Architecture of a Krimchi Temple's spire]]
[[File:Krimchi Temples.jpg|thumb|Krimchi Temples as seen from the Krimchi Fort]]

According to the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] these temples were constructed during 8 to 9 century AD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaheritagewalks.org/blog/krimchi-temples-remnants-era|title = Krimchi Temples - Remnants of an era}}</ref> The temples were constructed in stages. It appears that temples No. 6 and 7 were damaged several centuries ago.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/krimchi-temple-complex/|title=Krimchi temple complex|date=21 June 2014|website=Dailyexcelsior.com|accessdate=27 March 2019}}</ref>

Local belief holds that they go back to the protagonists of the [[Mahabharata]] War,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sid-thewanderer.com/2016/07/lost-temples-of-krimchi-in-kashmir.html|title=The LOST Temples of Krimchi...|website=Sid-thewanderer.com|accessdate=27 March 2019}}</ref> or a late Pandava dynasty that ruled in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (speculated by [[Alexander Cunningham]]). According to legendary accounts, Raja Kichak was said to be creator of the town Krimchi and the kingdom. It is also said pandavas in exile remained there for a long period. As the temples were built in 8th century, these temple complex reflect the profoundness of Indo-Greek architecture.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

== Complex ==
[[File:Mandapakrimchi.jpg|thumb|Pillared Mandapa in Krimchi temples]]

The complex consists of four large and three small temples. The main temple is 50 feet tall and is dedicated to [[Hindu deities]] including [[Shiva]], [[Ganesha]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Parvati]]. The architecture resembles classical [[Kashmir]]i temples of India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://photos.jammuredefine.in/udhampur/krimchi-temples/ |title=Ancient Krimchi Temples | Udhampur | Jammu Darshan |access-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085326/http://photos.jammuredefine.in/udhampur/krimchi-temples/ |archive-date=3 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5C5B0Rgx3aI|title=Krimchi Mansar Temple - Ancient Pandav Mandir - Udhampur Jammu - North India|date=15 March 2018|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=27 March 2019}}

{{Hindu Temples in Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:8th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Udhampur district]]

{{JammuKashmir-geo-stub}}
{{India-geo-stub}}
{{India-Hindu-temple-stub}}

List of mosques in India

2026-02-03T17:40:00Z

CryptoCurrencydon: updated details

{{Short description|none}} 
{{morefootnotes|date=July 2025}}
[[File:20191203 Wielki Meczet w Delhi 0700 6459 DxO.jpg|thumb|[[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]], [[Delhi]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
This is a list of '''notable [[mosque]]s in [[India]]''', organised by [[States and union territories of India|state or union territory]]. {{as of|2021}}, India had more than {{formatnum:55000}} active mosques and had the third largest Muslim population in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newseastwest.com/multicultural-india-has-more-mosques-than-any-muslim-country/ |title=Multicultural India has more mosques than any Muslim country|publisher=Newseastwest.com |access-date=2015-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Mosques in India|url=https://www.hellotravel.com/stories/list-of-mosques-in-india|access-date=2021-06-06|website=www.hellotravel.com}}</ref> In 2024, there were roughly 300,000 mosques in India, putting India second position in country with most mosques.<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 countries with highest number of mosques|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/viral/7-countries-with-highest-number-of-mosques-1721710288127|website=DNA India|access-date=2026-01-29|language=en}}</ref>

{{incomplete list|date=March 2025}}

== Andaman and Nicobar Islands ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Delanipur Jama Mosque]]
|[[Port Blair]]
|
|
|
|
|}

== Andhra Pradesh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|''[[Shahi Jamia Mosque]]''
|[[Adoni]]
|
|1662
|Sunni Barelvi
|
|}

== Assam ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Panbari Mosque]]}}
|[[Dhubri district|Dhubri]]
|[[File:Rangamati Mosque.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|{{circa|16th century}}}}
|
|
* Built by either the [[Sultan of Bengal]], [[Alauddin Husain Shah]] or [[Mir Jumla II]], a [[Subahdar|Mughal governor]]
|-
|Puranigudam Mosque
|[[Guwahati]]
|
|1824<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-26 |title=Hindus, Muslims come together to preserve Assam mosque |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/hindus-muslims-come-together-to-preserve-assam-mosque/articleshow/69052081.cms |access-date=2025-05-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|
|
|}

== Bihar ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Pathar Ki Mosque|Pathar Ki Masjid]]
|[[Patna]]
|
|1621 [[Common Era|CE]]
|
|
* Built by [[Parviz Mirza]], son of [[Mughal emperors|4th Mughal Emperor]], [[Jahangir]]
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Sher Shah Suri Mosque]]}}
|[[Patna]]
|[[File:Sher Shah Suri Jamia Masjid. 1540 AD.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1545 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Sher Shah Suri]], the founder and 1st ruler of [[Sur Empire]], to commemorate his reign
|}

== Chhattisgarh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Jama Mosque, Bhilai|Jama Masjid]]}}
|[[Bhilai]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid Sector-6 Bhilai.jpg|100px]]
|1967
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Deobandi]]}}
|
* First mosque in the world built in the shape of Arabic word Yā Allāh
|}

== Delhi ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Fatehpuri Mosque|Fatehpuri Masjid]]
|[[Delhi]]
|[[File:Fatehpuri Masjid CC.jpg|100px]]
|1650 [[Common Era|CE]]
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi movement|Barelvi]]}}
|
* Built by Fatehpuri Begum, one of the wives of [[Mughal emperors|5th Mughal Emperor]], [[Shah Jahan]]
* Mufti [[Mukarram Ahmad]] is the chief [[mufti]] and [[imam]] of the mosque
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Delhi]]
|[[File:People offering Namaz on the occasion of Id-Ul-Zuha, at Jama Masjid, in New Delhi on August 12, 2019 (1).jpg|100px]]
|1656 CE
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Also known as ''Masjid-i-Jehān-Numā'', roughly translating to "mosque commanding the view of the world" in [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Urdu]]
* Built by [[Shah Jahan]]
|-
|[[Kalan Masjid]]
|[[Old Delhi]]
|[[File:The Seven Cities of Delhi - Kalan Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|1387 CE
|
|
* One of the seven mosques built by [[Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul Tilangani|Khan-i-Jahan Tilangani]]
|-
|''[[Khirki Mosque]]''
|[[South Delhi]]
|[[File:Khirki Masjid Main south entrance (3010350358).jpg|133x133px]]
|1354 CE
|
|
* Built by [[Malik Maqbul|Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah]], the prime minister of [[Feroz Shah Tughlaq]], of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]]
* A [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]]; no longer used as a mosque

|-
|[[Lal Masjid, Delhi|Lal Masjid]]
|[[Old Delhi]]
|[[File:Lal Masjid Delhi.jpg|100x100px]]
|1728 CE
|
|
|-
|[[Moti Masjid (Red Fort)|Moti Masjid]]
|[[Delhi]]
|[[File:Moti Masjid (Red Fort).jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1660 CE}}
|
|
* Built by the [[Mughal emperors|6th Mughal Emperor]], [[Aurangzeb]], at the [[Red Fort]] complex for his 2nd wife [[Nawab Bai]]
|-
|[[Sunehri Masjid (Chandni Chowk)|Sunehri Masjid]]
|{{nowrap|[[Chandni Chowk]]}}
|[[File:Sunehri Masjid, Chandni Chowk, Delhi.jpg|100px]]
|1722 CE
|
|
* Built by [[Roshan-ud-Daulah|Roshan-ud-Daula]], during the reign of [[Mughal Emperor|Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]]
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Sunehri Bagh Masjid]]}}
|[[Central Delhi]]
|[[File:Sunehri Bagh Masjid Lutyen's Delhi 07.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|17th century}}
|
|
|-
|[[Zeenat-ul-Masajid]]
|[[Central Delhi]]
|[[File:Zinat-ul-Masjid - 22972487693.jpg|100x100px]]
|{{circa|1710}} CE
|
|
* Built by [[Zeenat-un-Nissa]], the second daughter of [[Aurangzeb]]
|}

== Goa ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Safa Mosque, Goa|Safa Shahouri Mosque]]
|[[Ponda, Goa|Ponda]]
|[[File:Safa Masjid at Ponda.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1560 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|
|
* Built by [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]], the 4th [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] Sultan of Bijapur
|}

== Gujarat ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Ahmedabad|Jama Masjid]]
| rowspan="10" |[[Ahmedabad]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad 01.jpg|225x225px]]
|1424 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built during the reign of [[Ahmad Shah I]], 3rd ruler of [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|4th Sultan of Gujarat]]
|-
|[[Ahmed Shah's Mosque]]
|[[File:Ahmed Shah Mosque - Ahmedabad - Gujarat DSC002.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Achut Bibi's Mosque]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Baba Lului's Mosque]]
|[[File:Calico Mills 3.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Dastur Khan's Mosque]]
|[[File:Dastur Khan Masjid Astodiya Ahmedabad oct 2012.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Rani Rupamati's Mosque]]
|[[File:Rani Rupavati's Mosque 01.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Rani Sipri's Mosque]]
|[[File:Tomb of Rani Sipri, Ahmedabad.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Sidi Bashir Mosque]]
|[[File:Julta minara.JPG|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|
|[[File:Siddi Sayyed Mosque.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Sarkhej Roza]]
|[[File:Serkhez Roza.jpg|225x225px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Champaner|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Champaner]]
|[[File:Jama masjid in Champaner.JPG|225x225px]]
|1513 CE
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built during the reign of [[Mahmud Begada|Mahmud Shah I]], 7th ruler of [[Muzaffarids (Gujarat)|Muzaffarid dynasty]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|8th Sultan of Gujarat]]
|-
|{{nowrap|Masjid-e-Moazzam}}
|[[Surat]]
|[[File:Panorama of Masjid al-Moazzam, Surat.jpg|225x225px]]
|{{nowrap|1799 - 1817 CE}}
|[[Dawoodi Bohra]]
|
* First Built by [[Abde Ali Saifuddin]]
* Rebuilt later in 1996 by [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]]
|}
== Haryana ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Kabuli Bagh Mosque]]
|[[Panipat]]
|[[File:Kabuli Bagh Mosque.JPG|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1527 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|
|
* Built by [[Babur]] to mark his victory over [[Ibrahim Lodhi]] in the [[First Battle of Panipat]]
|-
|{{nowrap|''[[Thanesar Pathar Mosque]]''}}
|[[Thanesar]]
|[[File:Pathar Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|17th century}}
|
|

* A [[Monument of National Importance]]; no longer used as a mosque
|}

== Himachal Pradesh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Dharamshala|Jama Mosque]]
|[[Dharamshala]]
|[[File:Inner view of Jama Masjid Dharamshala.jpg|100x100px]]
|{{nowrap|1719 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|
|
*
|-
|{{nowrap|''[[ Sanjauli Mosque]]''}}
|[[Sanjauli]]
|
|{{nowrap|1907}}
|
|

*
|}

== Jammu and Kashmir ==
{{Main|List of mosques in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year built (CE) !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Hazratbal Shrine]]}}
|[[Srinagar]]
|[[File:HAZRATBAL SHRINE 01.JPG|100px]]
|1600s
|[[Sufism]]
|
* Considered to be [[Kashmir Valley|Kashmir]]'s holiest Muslim shrine
* Built by [[Mughal emperors|5th Mughal Emperor]], [[Shah Jahan]]
* Expanded in 1979
|-
|[[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar|Jamia Masjid]]
|[[Srinagar]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid, Srinagar (14363005587).jpg|100px]]
|1402
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Sikandar Shah Miri]], the 6th ruler of [[Shah Mir dynasty]]
|-
|[[Aali Mosque]]
|[[Srinagar]]
|[[File:Aali Masjid.jpg|100x100px]]
|1417
|[[Islam]]
|
* Situated at the premises of [[Eidgah Shah-i-Hamdan]]
|}

== Jharkhand ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year built (CE) !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|Jama Masjid
| rowspan="4" |[[Jamshedpur]]
|[[File:Jama-11.png|225x225px]]
|1936
|[[Sufism]]
|
* One of the oldest and largest mosques in Jamshedpur.
* Built with contribution of Muslim employees of Tata Steel
* The mosque consists of a large market
|-
|Dhatkidih Masjid
|[[File:Dhatkidih badi masjid 2.jpg|225x225px]]
|1970
|
|
* Largest mosque in Dhatkidih
|-
|Golmuri Masjid
|[[File:Golmuri Mosque.png|225x225px]]
|1936
|Hanafi and Barelvi
|
|-
|Aambagan Masjid
|[[File:Aambagan Masjid 1.jpg|225x225px]]
|1936
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Ramgarh|Jama Mosque]]
|[[Chitarpur]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid in 2009.jpg|225x225px]]
|1670
|
|One of the oldest mosques in Jharkhand
|}

== Karnataka ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks !! Notes
|-
|[[Ali Farhad Khan's Mosque]]
|Aland
|[[File:Ali Farhad Khan's Mosque.JPG|100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Andu Masjid]]
|[[Bijapur]]
|[[File:Andu Masjid, Bijapur.jpg|100x100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Ek Minar Mosque, Raichur|Ek Minar Mosque]]}}
|[[Raichur]]
|[[File:Ek Minar Masjid, Raichur.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Bidar|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Bidar]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid, Bidar, c. 1888.jpg|100x100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Bijapur|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Bijapur]]
|[[File:Bijapur - Jumma Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|1576 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Construction started by [[Ali Adil Shah I]], the 5th [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] Sultan of Bijapur but was never completed
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque Kalaburagi|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Kalaburagi]]
|[[File:View of Masjid from top of fort.JPG|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1367 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Built by [[Mohammed Shah I]], the 2nd ruler of [[Bahmani Sultanate]]
|
|-
|[[Kali Masjid, Bidar|Kali Masjid]]
|[[Bidar]]
|[[File:Kali Masjid, Bidar.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|
|<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1 |title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1947 |location=London |pages=196–197 |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani}}</ref>
|-
|[[Langar Ki Masjid]]
|[[Kalaburagi]]
|[[File:Langar Ki Masjid, Gulbarga.png|100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Masjid-i-Ala]]
|[[Srirangapatna]]
|[[File:Bangalore-Srirangapatna-Jama-Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Mecca Masjid, Bijapur|Mecca Masjid]]
|[[Bijapur]]
|[[File:General view of the east façade of the Mecca Mosque, Bijapur.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cousens |first=Henry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2goAAAAYAAJ&q=Makka+Masjid+Bijapur |title=Bijapur, the Capital of the Adil Shahi Kings: A Guide to Its Ruins |date=1905 |publisher=Scottish Mission Industries Company |pages=67–70 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nav Gumbaz]]
|[[Bijapur]]
|[[File:Nau Gumbaz (Nav Gumbaz) in Bijapur.png|100px]]
|
|
|
|
|}

== Kerala ==
{{Main|List of mosques in Kerala}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Central Mahallu Juma Masjid, Muvattupuzha|Central Mahallu Juma Masjid]]
|[[Muvattupuzha]]
|[[File:Centalmahallujamaath2.jpg|100px]]
|1927 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
|-
|[[Cheraman Juma Mosque]]
|[[Kodungallur]]
|[[File:Cheraman Juma Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|629 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Malik Dinar]], companion of [[Muhammad]], on orders of [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals#The story of Tajuddeen|Cheraman Perumal]], then King of modern-day [[Kerala]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-06-28 |title=1400-year-old mosque to be restored to its original form |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala//article60634186.ece |access-date=2022-07-03 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* The oldest and first mosque in the [[Indian subcontinent]]
* Destroyed by the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] in 1504 [[Common Era|CE]]
* The old building was built some time after 1504 [[Common Era|CE]]
* Modern corridors and halls were built in 1984 [[Common Era|CE]]
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Malik Dinar Mosque]]}}
|[[Kasaragod]]
|[[File:Malik Deenar Mosque, Kasaragod 2018.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|720 - 740 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ([[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]])}}
|
* Grave of [[Malik Dinar]]
|-
|[[Odathil Palli]]
|[[Thalassery]]
|
|1806 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ([[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]])
|
|-
|[[Shahre Mubarak Grand Mosque|Sha're Mubarak Masjid]]
|[[Kozhikode]]
|[[File:Markaz knowledge city.jpg|100px]]
|2022
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] ([[Shafi'i school|Shafi'i]])
|
* India's largest mosque<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2011|title=Kerala to have India's largest mosque |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kerala-to-have-indias-largest-mosque/articleshow/7464881.cms |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sathish |first=V. M. |title=Gulf contributes to help build mosque in Calicut - News - World - Emirates24{{!}}7 |url=https://www.emirates247.com/news/world/gulf-contributes-to-help-build-mosque-in-calicut-2011-08-09-1.412300 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=www.emirates247.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Laddakh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Leh|Jama Mosque]]
|[[Leh]]
|[[File:Islam in Ladakh and Leh bazaar in 1938.png|158x158px]]
|{{nowrap|1666-67 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|
|<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-12-28 |title=Jama Masjid In Leh:One of the major historical mosques in Ladakh |url=https://www.jktdc.co.in/Jama-Masjid-in-Ladakh.aspx |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20251228205803/https://www.jktdc.co.in/Jama-Masjid-in-Ladakh.aspx |archivedate=2025-12-28}}</ref>
*
|-
|{{nowrap|''[[Tsa Soma Mosque, Leh|Tsa Soma Mosque]]''}}
|[[Leh]]
|
|{{nowrap|}}
|
|

*<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leh Tsa Soma Mosque Restoration |url=http://www.tibetheritagefund.org/page/?r=154 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=Tibet Heritage Fund}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2024-10-22 |title=Tsas Soma Masjid: Leh’s Oldest Public Mosque |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/!offbeat/tsas-soma-masjid-lehs-oldest-public-mosque-enn24102205732 |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Arora |first=Akansha |date=2024-10-24 |title=Leh’s Oldest Public Mosque, Know the Name, History, Architecture and Design |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/oldset-public-mosuqe-of-leh/ |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=adda247 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bray |first=John |date=2018 |title=Ippolito Desideri and His Muslim Guides in the Buddhist Kingdom of Ladakh |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/709168 |journal=Buddhist-Christian Studies |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=15–29 |doi=10.1353/bcs.2018.0002 |issn=1527-9472|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Client Challenge |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/350302979/The-Restoration-of-Tsas-Soma-Mosque-Leh-Ladakh-India-pdf |access-date=2026-01-08 |website=www.scribd.com}}</ref>
|}
*

== Madhya Pradesh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Bibi Ki Masjid]]
|[[Burhanpur]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Burhanpur|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Burhanpur]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid at Burhanpur, photographed by Henry Cousens in the 19th century.jpg|100px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Chanderi|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Chanderi]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid-Chanderi-Madhya Pradesh.jpg|100px]]
|{{AH|853}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Mandu|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Mandu, Madhya Pradesh|Mandu]]
|[[File:Inside of Jama Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|1454 [[Common Era|CE]]
|
|
* [[Hoshang Shah]], the [[List of Sultans of the Malwa Sultanate|2nd Sultan of Malwa]], started the construction and was completed during the reign of [[Mahmud Khalji]], the [[List of Sultans of the Malwa Sultanate|4th Sultan of Malwa]]
|-
|[[Lat Mosque]]
|[[Dhar]]
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Moti Masjid, Bhopal|Moti Masjid]]
|[[Bhopal]]
|[[File:Bhopal, Moti Masjid (9840931024).jpg|120x120px]]
|1860
|
|
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Taj-ul-Masajid]]}}
|[[Bhopal]]
|[[File:Taj-ul-masajid.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1871 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Deobandi]]}}
|
* [[List of largest mosques|Largest mosque]] in India
* Construction began in 1871 and resumed in 1971<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raj Bhavan MP {{!}} The Hon'ble Governor |url=https://governor.mp.gov.in/shahjahan.aspx |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=governor.mp.gov.in}}</ref>
* Initiated by [[Shah Jahan Begum of Bhopal|Shah Jahan Begum]] of Bhopal and continued to be built by her daughter [[Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal|Sultan Jahan Begum]]
|}

== Maharashtra ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Alamgir Mosque, Aurangabad|Alamgir Mosque]]}}
|[[Aurangabad]]
| [[File:Alamgir mosque.jpg|100px]]
|1693 [[Common Era|CE]]
|
|
* Built by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb Alamgir|Aurangzeb]]
|-
|''[[Damdi Masjid]]''
|[[Ahmednagar]]
|[[File:Damadi Masjid.jpg|100x100px]]
|1568 CE
|
|
* Built by Sahir Khan, a nobleman of the [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
* A [[Monument of National Importance]]; no longer used as a mosque
|-
|[[Haji Ali Dargah]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[File:Mumbai 03-2016 11 Haji Ali Dargah.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1431 CE}}
|[[Sufism]]
|
* [[Mosque]] and [[Dargah]] or the monument of [[Pir Haji Ali Shah Bukhari]], Sufi saint and merchant from [[Uzbekistan]]
|-

|[[Jama Mosque, Mumbai|Jama Masjid]]
|{{nowrap|[[South Mumbai]]}}
|[[File:Mumbai 03-2016 62 Jama Mosque.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1802{{endash}}1874}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Aurangabad|Jama Mosque]]
|[[Aurangabad]]
|[[File:Jama masjid Aurangabad.jpg|100px]]
|1612 CE
|
|
* Built by [[Malik Amber]]
|-
|[[Kali Masjid, Jalna|Kali Masjid]]
|[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]]
|
|1578 CE
|
|
* Built by Syed Farooque, of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]
|-
|[[Moghal Masjid, Mumbai|Moghal Masjid]]
|[[Mumbai]]
|[[File:Gate of Mughal Masjid.jpg|133x133px]]
|1860 CE
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Funded by Haji Mohammed Husain Shirazi, an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] businessman
* Completed in the [[Qajar art|Qajar]] style
|}

== Manipur ==
In Manipuri tradition, ''{{lang|mn|Laishang}}'' (mosque) denotes a place where the [[Jumu'ah]] prayer is performed, while ''{{lang|mn|Penjaga}}'' (musalla) refers to smaller prayer houses used only for daily [[Salat]]. By 1819 CE, 13 ''{{lang|mn|Laishangs}}'' and 11 ''{{lang|mn|Penjagas}}'' were reported across the Muslim settlements of Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formation of Muslim Community in Manipur during the 17th and 18th Centuries Part 4 |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Formation_of_Muslim_Community_in_Manipur_during_the_17th_and_18th_Centuries_Part_4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810015659/http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Formation_of_Muslim_Community_in_Manipur_during_the_17th_and_18th_Centuries_Part_4 |archive-date=2019-08-10 |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Historical ''{{lang|mn|Laishangs}}'' (Mosques) and ''{{lang|mn|Penjagas}}'' (Musallas) in Manipur before 1819 CE
! '''Laishang (Mosque)'''
! '''Penjaga (Musalla)'''
|-
| Md. Saani’s Lainingsang (Kangla Sanathong) || Fundrei Penjaga
|-
| Moirangkhom Sangoi Laishang || Hairok Penjaga
|-
| Kangla Ukok Sangoi Laishang || Ukhongsang Penjaga
|-
| Ningthounai Sangoi Laishang || Thoubal Moiching Penjaga
|-
| Erong Chesaba Sangoi Laishang || Malom Khongmangbang Penjaga
|-
| Mayang Imphal Sangoi Laishang || Uroop Penjaga
|-
| Sangai Yumfam Sangoi Laishang || Khetri Bengul Penjaga
|-
| Awang Laikai Sangoi Laishang || Lamsang Taokhong Penjaga
|-
| Lilong Sangoi Laishang || Khomyam Penjaga
|-
| Makha Laikai Sangoi Laishang || Moirang Taokhong Penjaga
|-
| Kairao Sangoi Laishang || Pangal Tabi Penjaga
|-
| Kairao Sangoi Laishang (duplicate) ||
|-
| Porompat Sangoi Laishang ||
|}
Today, there are 116 Mosques in Manipur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selected List of Masjid 2024-25 – Waqf Board |url=https://waqfman.org/selected-list-of-masjid-2024-25-2/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=waqfman.org /Wakf Manipur}}</ref>

== Meghalaya ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Madina Mosque, Shillong|Madina Mosque]]
|[[Shillong]]
|
|2012
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* One of the largest mosques in [[Northeast India]]
* Capacity for 2,000 worshippers
|}

== Mizoram ==
There are several mosques in Mizoram:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://repository.tribal.gov.in/upload/bitstream/123456789/61938/1/TRMZ_2020_book1.pdf |title=Tribal Atlas Mizoram |date=2020 |publisher=Social Welfare & Tribal Affairs Department Government of Mizoram |pages=89, 93 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251104095236/https://repository.tribal.gov.in/upload/bitstream/123456789/61938/1/TRMZ_2020_book1.pdf |archive-date=2025-11-04 |url-status=live}}</ref>

* Aizawl Mosque
* Pushpak Masjid
* Jame Masjid (Lunglei)
* Kolasib mosque

== Nagaland ==

* Kohima Jama Masjid is built in 1906<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gogoi |first=Bhadra |date=2020-06-14 |title=Mosques to remain closed in Nagaland till June 30 |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland/mosques-to-remain-closed-in-nagaland-till-june-30.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202203252/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland/mosques-to-remain-closed-in-nagaland-till-june-30.html |archive-date=2023-02-02 |access-date=2025-10-08 |work=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=A Muslim leader’s tryst with peace in Nagaland |url=https://morungexpress.com/muslim-leaders-tryst-peace-nagaland#:~:text=Through%20his%20time%20as%20a,Park%20set%20up%20in%201906. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711081447/https://morungexpress.com/muslim-leaders-tryst-peace-nagaland#:~:text=Through%20his%20time%20as%20a,Park%20set%20up%20in%201906. |archive-date=2025-07-11 |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=MorungExpress}}</ref>
*

== Odisha ==

* [[Qadam e Rasool, Cuttack]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mohanty |first=Pramod Kumar |date=2002 |title=Professor J.S. Grewal Prize Essay: HISTORY OF A CITY: CUTTACK, 1568-1751 A.D. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158100 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=63 |pages=316–335 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>
*Bukhari Baba Mosque, Cuttack<ref>{{Cite web |last=HolidayLandmark |title=Mosques in Odisha {{!}}Mosques in Odisha{{!}}Famous Mosques{{!}}List of Mosques{{!}}Popular Mosques{{!}}Top Mosques |url=https://www.holidaylandmark.com/india/odisha/mosques-in-odisha/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111090651/https://www.holidaylandmark.com/india/odisha/mosques-in-odisha/index.html |archive-date=2025-11-11 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=www.holidaylandmark.com}}</ref>
*Dewan Bazar Masjid, Cuttack<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yamin |first=Dr. Mohammed |title=Islamic Monuments in Cuttack |url=https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/may/engpdf/48-57.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503231112/https://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2011/may/engpdf/48-57.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-03 |access-date=2025-11-11 |website=magazines.odisha.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
*Nimasahi Masjid, Cuttack
*Shahi Mosque, Cuttack
*Jama Mosque, Cuttack

== Punjab ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Moorish Mosque, Kapurthala|Moorish Mosque]]}}
|[[Kapurthala]]
|[[File:Moorish Mosque.JPG|100x100px]]
|1930
|
|
* Built by [[Jagatjit Singh Bahadur|Maharajah Jagatjit Singh]], the last ruler of Kapurthala
|}

== Rajasthan ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Chaurasi Khamba Mosque]]
|[[Kaman, Rajasthan|Kaman]]
|[[File:Chaurasi Khamba Masjid - Courtyard 2.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|13th century}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Muhammad of Ghor|Mohammad Ghouri]] on the site of a former Hindu temple
* Patronized by [[Bahauddin Tughril|Baha Al-Din Tughrul]]
|-
|[[Lal Masjid, Tijara|Lal Masjid]]
|[[Tijara]]
|
|17th century
|
|
* Built by [[Hindal Mirza]]
|}

== Sikkim ==
According to Sikkim government official site there are 7 most in whole Sikkim by region<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/Documents/RTI/Lists%20of%20Religious%20Institutions/List%20of%20R.I/List%20of%20Masjid%20and%20Gurudwaras%20in%20Sikkim.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516074325/http://sikkimeccl.gov.in/Documents/RTI/Lists%20of%20Religious%20Institutions/List%20of%20R.I/List%20of%20Masjid%20and%20Gurudwaras%20in%20Sikkim.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-16 |access-date=2025-10-08 |website=sikkimeccl.gov.in}}</ref>:-

[[East Sikkim]]

* Gangtok Masjid
* Singtam Masjid<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LV2zCKJPfh4 |title=Sikkim floods: Mosque turns into relief centre to provide aid to affected people |date=2023-10-06 |last=The Tribune |type=Television production |language=En |access-date=2025-10-08 |archive-url= |archive-date= |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* Ramgpo Masjid

[[North Sikkim]]

* Mangan Masjid

[[South Sikkim]]

* Namchi Masjid
* Jorthang Masjid

[[West Sikkim]]

* Gyalsing Masjid

== Tamil Nadu ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Kazimar Big Mosque]]
|[[Madurai]]
|[[File:kazimarbigmosque.JPG|100px]]
|1284 [[Common Era|CE]]
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi]]}}
|
* First [[Muslim]] place of worship in Madurai
* One of the oldest mosques to follow [[Hanafi]], [[Hanbali school|Hanbali]] and [[Shadhili]]
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Palaiya Jumma Palli]]}}
|[[Kilakarai]]
|[[File:Ojm west veiw.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|628{{endash}}630 CE}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi]]
|
* Oldest mosque in [[Tamil Nadu]] and one of the oldest mosque in [[India]]
* Rebuilt in 1036 CE
|-
|[[Periamet Mosque]]
|[[Chennai]]
|
|1838
|
|
* Capacity for 4,000 worshippers
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Triplicane Big Mosque]]}}
|[[Chennai]]
|[[File:Chennai.in Triplicane Walaja Big Mosque - panoramio.jpg|100x100px]]
|1795
|
|
* Built by the family of [[Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah]]
* Includes a [[dargah]] in the mosque grounds
|}

== Telangana ==
{{Main|List of mosques in Telangana}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Charminar]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Charminar Hyderabad 1.jpg|100px]]
|1591 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* [[Mosque]] of four [[minaret]]s
* Situated on the east bank of [[Musi River (India)|Musi river]] and adjacent to [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]]
* Built by [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]], the 5th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], a [[Persianate society|Persianate]] Shia Islamic dynasty
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Hayat Bakshi Mosque]]}}
|[[Golconda]], [[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Golconda, tombe qutb shahi, moschea grande 02.jpg|100px]]
|1672 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Built by [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]], the 7th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], a [[Persianate society|Persianate]] Shia Islamic dynasty
* Named after [[Hayat Bakshi Begum]], wife of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah|Muhammad Qutb Shah]], 6th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
|-
|[[Khairtabad Mosque]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Khairati Begum's Mosque.jpg|100px]]
|1626 [[Common Era|CE]]
|
|
* Built in honor of Akhund Mulla Abul Malik, the tutor of Khairunnisa Begum, daughter of [[Quli Qutb Mulk|Quli Qutb Shah]], 1st Sultan of Golconda and founder of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
|-
|[[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Mecca Masjid Hyderabad.JPG|100px]]
|1693 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Construction began in 1617 [[Common Era|CE]], during the reign of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah|Muhammad Qutb Shah]], 6th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
* Construction completed in 1693 [[Common Era|CE]], during the reign of [[Mughal emperors|6th Mughal Emperor]], [[Aurangzeb]]
* It was built after [[Charminar]]
|-
|''[[Mian Mishk Mosque|Mian Mishk Masjid]]''
|[[Hyderabad]]
|
|1674 CE
|
|
* Built by Miyan Mishk, a nobleman during the reign of 7th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]]
* In a partial ruinous state
|-
|[[Spanish Mosque]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Spanish Mosque Hyderabad.jpg|100px]]
|1906 [[Common Era|CE]]
|
|
* Built in [[Moorish architecture|Moorish]] style of architecture by [[Sir Vicar-ul-Umra]]
|-
|[[Toli Masjid]]
|[[Hyderabad]]
|[[File:Toli Masjid in Hyderabad.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1671 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|
|
* Built by [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]], the 7th Sultan of Golconda and ruler of [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], a [[Persianate society|Persianate]] Shia Islamic dynasty
|}

== Tripura ==

* Gedu Mia Mosque<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalrymple |first=Sam |title=Gedu Mian and the Partition of Tripura |url=https://partitionstudiesquarterly.org/article/gedu-mian-and-the-partition-of-tripura/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Partition Studies |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CHAPTER: 3 MOSQUES AND DARGAHS IN BARAK VALLEY |url=http://macl-ustm.digitallibrary.co.in/bitstream/123456789/2498/13/13_chapter3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241218031409/http://macl-ustm.digitallibrary.co.in/bitstream/123456789/2498/13/13_chapter3.pdf |archive-date=2024-12-18 |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=macl-ustm.digitallibrary.co.in |via=Maulana Azad Digital Library}}
</ref>

== Uttar Pradesh ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Bara Imambara|Aasfi Masjid]]
|[[Lucknow]]
|[[File:Asfi masjid.jpg|100px]]
|1784 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Located in the [[Bara Imambara]] complex
* Built by [[Asaf-ud-Daula]], [[Nawab of Awadh|4th Nawab of Awadh]]
|-
|[[Atala Mosque, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid]]
|[[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]
|[[File:Atala Masjid.jpg|100px]]
|1408 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* In 1377 [[Common Era|CE]], [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]], the [[List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate|19th Sultan of Delhi]] and 3rd ruler of [[Tughlaq dynasty]] laid the foundation
* In 1408 [[Common Era|CE]], Ibrahim Shah, the 3rd ruler of [[Jaunpur Sultanate]] completed the construction
|-
|[[Great Mosque, Budaun|Great Mosque]]
|[[Budaun]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid Shamsi, Badaun.jpg|100px]]
|1223 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Iltutmish]], the [[List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate|3rd Sultan of Delhi]] and the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Mamluk dynasty]]
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Agra|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Agra]]
|[[File:Agra Jama Masjid (9960582873).jpg|100px]]
|1648 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Jahanara Begum]], daughter of [[Mughal emperors|5th Mughal Emperor]], [[Shah Jahan]]
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Dildar Nagar|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Dildarnagar]]
|[[File:Dildarnagar Masjid.jpeg|100px]]
|1705 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Fatehpur Sikri|Jama Masjid]]
|{{nowrap|[[Fatehpur Sikri]]}}
|[[File:Fatehpur Sikri-Jama Masjid-West Panorama-20131018.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1571 - 1574 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Mughal emperors|3rd Mughal Emperor]], [[Akbar]]
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Jaunpur|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]]
|[[File:Mosque courtyard, Jama Masjid, Jaunpur.jpg|100px]]
|1473 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* The foundation of the mosque was laid in 1438 [[Common Era|CE]] by Ibrahim Shah, the 3rd ruler of [[Jaunpur Sultanate]]
* The complex was built in stages but was finally completed in 1473 [[Common Era|CE]] by Hussain Shah, the last ruler of the [[Jaunpur Sultanate]]
|-
|[[Jama Mosque, Lucknow|Jama Masjid]]
|[[Lucknow]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid (mosque).jpg|100px]]
|1845 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Construction was started in 1839 [[Common Era|CE]] by [[Muhammad Ali Shah|Mohammad Ali Shah]], [[Nawab of Awadh|9th Nawab of Awadh]]
* After the death of [[Muhammad Ali Shah|Mohammad Ali Shah]] in 1842 [[Common Era|CE]], construction was completed by his wife
|-
|Jama Masjid
|[[Rampur district|Rampur]]
|[[File:Jama Masjid rampur.jpg|100px]]
|1939 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Raza Ali Khan of Rampur|Nawab Raza Ali Khan]] of [[Rampur State]]
|-
|[[Moti Masjid (Agra Fort)|Moti Masjid]]
|[[Agra]]
|[[File:Moti Masjid,Agra.jpg|100px]]
|1653 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by the [[Mughal emperors|5th Mughal Emperor]], [[Shah Jahan]]
|-
|[[Sir Syed Mosque|Sir Syed Masjid]]
|[[Aligarh]]
|[[File:A.M.U. Masjid - panoramio - yousufnet.jpg|100px]]
|1915 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Islam|Shia & Sunni]]
|
* Located in [[Aligarh Muslim University]] campus
|-
| {{nowrap|Teele Wali Masjid}}
|[[Lucknow]]
|[[File:Teele Wali Masjid, Lucknow.jpg|100px]]
|1658 - 1660 [[Common Era|CE]]
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi]]}}
|
* Shahi Imam Syed Fazlul Mannan Rahmani
|-
|[[Ziarat Shareef]]
|[[Kakrala]]
|[[File:Ziarat Shareef.jpg|100px]]
|1980 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi]]
|
* Built by Shah [[Saqlain Miyan]]
|}

== West Bengal ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Location !! Image !! Year !! Religious branch !! Remarks
|-
|[[Adina Mosque]]
|[[Malda district|Malda]]
|[[File:Adina Masjid Panorama 1.jpg|100px]]
|{{nowrap|1363 [[Common Era|CE]]}}
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* At the time, the largest mosque of [[South Asia]] built by [[Sikandar Shah]], [[Bengal Sultanate|2nd Sultan of Bengal]] and the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
* It is a centrally protected monument as per [[Archaeological Survey of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=State-wise List of Centrally Protected Monuments and Sites « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/alphabetical-list-of-monuments/ |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|[[Baro Shona Masjid]]
|
|[[File:BARODUARI 10.jpg|99x99px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Basri Shah Mosque]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[File:Bashiri Mosque 07.jpg|100px]]
|1804 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Oldest mosque in Kolkata
|-
|[[Chawk Masjid]]
|[[Murshidabad]]
|[[File:Chawk Masjid, Murshidabad.jpg|100px]]
|1767 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* Established by [[Munni Begum (noble)|Munni Begum]], 2nd wife of the [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Nawab of Bengal]], [[Mir Jafar]]
|-
|[[Jama Masjid, Motijheel]]
|[[Motijheel]]
|[[File:Motijheel-Jama-Mosque-at-Murshidabad-West-Bengal.jpg|99x99px]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Katra Masjid]]
|[[Murshidabad]]
|[[File:Katra_Masjid_panoramic_view.jpg|100px]]
|1724 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Shia Islam|Shia]]
|
* A former [[caravanserai]]
* Tomb of Nawab [[Murshid Quli Khan]]
* One of the largest caravansaries in the South Asia
|-
|[[Nakhoda Mosque]]
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[File:Nakhoda Masjid Wide Angle.jpg|100px]]
|
|{{nowrap|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Barelvi]]}}
|
* Reconstructed in 1935 [[Common Era|CE]]
|-
|{{nowrap|[[Tipu Sultan Mosque]]}}
|[[Kolkata]]
|[[File:Tipu Sultan Mosque Dharmatala at Night.jpg|100px]]
|1842 [[Common Era|CE]]
|[[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|
* Built by [[Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib]], the youngest son of [[Tipu Sultan]]
|}

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Anti-Mosque campaign in India]]
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[Lists of mosques]]
** [[List of grand mosques]]
** [[List of largest mosques]]
** [[List of the oldest mosques|List of oldest mosques]]
** [[List of tallest mosques]]
** [[List of mosques in Kolkata]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Mosques in India}}

{{Mosques in India}}
{{List of mosques}}

[[Category:Lists of mosques in India| ]]
[[Category:Lists of religious buildings and structures in India|Mosques]]

Pinda (riceball)

2026-02-01T17:08:41Z

CryptoCurrencydon: correct lead also and improved wording for accuracy

{{Short description|Sanskrit term for a riceball used in Hindu rituals}}
[[File:Pinda Daan - Jagannath Ghat - Kolkata 2012-10-15 0701.JPG|thumb|A man holding a pinda in his hand, during the [[Pitru Paksha|pitru paksha]] ritual]]
'''Pinda''' ([[Sanskrit]]: पिण्ड, ''piṇḍa'') are balls of cooked [[rice]] mixed with [[ghee]] and black sesame seeds offered to ancestors during Hindu funeral rites ([[antyesti]]) and ancestor worship ([[Śrāddha]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1899 |page=626}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=W. J. |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co. |year=1913 |pages=345–347}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Gold|first=Ann|title=Fruitful Journeys: The Ways of Rajasthani Pilgrims|publisher=Waveland Press Inc|year=2000|isbn=1577661338|location=Prospect Heights, Illinois|pages=82}}</ref> According to the [[Garuda Purana]], offering a pinda to a recently departed individual helps unite their soul with their ancestors.<ref name=":1">Gold, Ann (2000). ''Fruitful Journeys: The Ways of Rajasthani Pilgrims''. Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press Inc. p. 90. {{ISBN|1577661338}}.</ref> The ritual act of donating pindas is called the ''pinda dana''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

{{Hinduism}}

== Etymology ==
The word ''pinda'' in [[Sanskrit]] literally means "lump" or "ball". In ritual use, it refers specifically to food balls (often of rice, barley flour, and sesame seeds) that are sanctified and offered to the departed. References to pindas occur in the Dharmashastras and Puranic literature, where they are described as a means of sustaining the departed soul.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monier-Williams |first=Monier |title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1899 |page=626}}</ref>

== Ritual significance ==
In Hindu tradition, pindas symbolize the physical body of the deceased and serve as a medium through which descendants express filial duty. By offering pindas, devotees are believed to provide nourishment to their forebears and assist their souls in attaining peace. The ''[[Garuda Purana]]'' prescribes the offering of pindas as part of funeral rites, noting that without such offerings, ancestors may remain restless.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wilkins |first=W. J. |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co. |year=1913 |pages=345–347}}</ref>

== Timing and occasions ==
Pindas are most commonly offered during ''[[Śrāddha|shraddha]]'' ceremonies, especially in the fortnight of ''[[Pitru Paksha]]'', when Hindus perform rites for the welfare of their ancestors. They are also offered on death anniversaries, during ''tithi'' shraddha, and in certain festivals dedicated to forebears.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kane |first=P. V. |title=History of Dharmasastra |publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |year=1941 |volume=4 |pages=161–165}}</ref>

== Procedure ==
The pindas are typically made of cooked rice mixed with sesame seeds and barley flour, sometimes with ghee or honey. They are shaped into balls and sanctified with mantras. The offerings are placed on leaves or directly on the ground near water, such as a riverbank or ghat. The officiating priest guides the rituals, which may include ''[[tarpana]]'' (libations of water and sesame) alongside the pindas.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhattacharyya |first=N. N. |title=Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-Religious Study of the Hindu Rites |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1996 |pages=112–114}}</ref>

== Locations and practice ==
Certain pilgrimage sites are considered especially sacred for the offering of pindas. The town of [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] in Bihar is renowned as the foremost place for pinda-daan, attracting pilgrims from across India. Other significant sites include [[Haridwar]], [[Allahabad]] (Prayagraj), [[Varanasi]], and [[Kushinagar]]. Each of these locations has ghats and temples where pindas are ritually offered.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gaya – Sacred City of Salvation |url=https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/gaya |access-date=28 September 2025 |publisher=Bihar Tourism}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fuller |first=C. J. |title=The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Society in India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2004 |pages=223–225}}</ref>

== Philosophical background ==
The practice is rooted in the belief that the departed exist in a subtle state and depend upon offerings from their descendants. By performing pinda-daan, the living acknowledge a continuing bond with the dead and fulfill their [[dharma]] of filial responsibility. The ''[[Matsya Purana]]'' and ''[[Vishnu Smriti]]'' emphasize that neglecting these rites is considered a sin that disrupts the spiritual journey of both ancestors and descendants.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rocher |first=Ludo |title=The Puranas |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |year=1986 |pages=128–129}}</ref>

== Regional variations ==
While the essence of the ritual is shared across Hindu communities, there are variations. In South India, pindas may be offered on banana leaves with additional food items. In Bengal, elaborate shraddha feasts accompany the offering. In Nepal, pindas are part of the annual ''Gokarna Aunsi'' rituals honoring ancestors.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parasher |first=Aloka |title=Society and Religion in Early India |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |pages=192–195}}</ref>

==Purananuru==
The '''''Purananuru''''' is a classical [[Tamil literature|Tamil poetic]] work and traditionally the last of the [[Eight Anthologies]] (''Ettuthokai'') in the [[Sangam literature]].{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=54-55}} It is a collection of 400 heroic poems about kings, wars and public life. This book has mentions of this rice ball called Pindam and is one of the common death rituals followed by Hindus of South India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 246 by George L. III Hart |url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-246 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=www.poetrynook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 234 by George L. III Hart |url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-234 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=www.poetrynook.com}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Shraddha (Hinduism)]]
* [[Pitru Paksha]]
* [[Ancestor worship]]
* [[Gaya (disambiguation)|Gaya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Death in Hinduism}}
{{Hindu samskaras|state=collapsed}}
{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{Brahmanda}}
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Asia in topic|Hinduism in}}

[[Category:Death and Hinduism]]
[[Category:Objects used in Hindu worship]]
[[Category:Barley-based dishes]]
[[Category:Food and drink in Hinduism]]

{{Hinduism-stub}}

Shantanand Saraswati

2026-01-30T12:29:42Z

CryptoCurrencydon:

{{Short description|Indian Shankaracharya (b. 1913, d. 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{Infobox Hindu leader
| birth_date = 16 July 1913
| birth_name = Ram Ji
| birth_place = Achhati village in [[Basti district]]
| death_date = 7 December 1997
| disciples =[[Swami Vasudevanand Saraswati]]
| guru = [[Brahmananda Saraswati]], Udiya Baba
| honors = Sankaracarya of [[Jyotir Math]]
| name = Swami Shantanand Saraswati
| image = Swami Santanand saraswathi.png
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| title = [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Jyotir Math]]
| ordination = 12 June 1853
| predecessor = [[Brahmananda Saraswati]]
| Successor = [[Swami Swaroopanand Saraswati]] }}

'''Swami Shantanand Saraswati''' (1913–1997) was [[Shankaracharya]] of the [[Jyotir Math]] monastery from 1953 to 1980; he was a direct disciple of [[Brahmananda Saraswati]] and succeeded him as Shankaracharya.

==His life==
In 1953, five months before his death, Brahmananda Saraswati, the Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math, made a hand-written [[Will and testament|will]] naming his disciple, Swami Shantanand Saraswati, as his successor.<ref>Pasricha, Prem C. (1977) The Whole Thing the Real Thing, Delhi Photo Company, p. 71</ref><ref name="Indology">Unknown author (2005) [http://indology.info/papers/sundaresan Indology] The Jyotirmatha Shankaracharya Lineage in the 20th Century, retrieved 4 August 2012</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=East Meets West|last=John|first=Adago|publisher=Program Publishing|year=2018|isbn=978-0692124215|edition=2}}</ref> Shantanand assumed the Shankarcharya-ship but his authority was later disputed by several of Brahmananda's disciples and followers who did not feel (due at least in part to Shantananda's lack of lifelong celibacy) that Shantanand met the requirements described in the Mahanusasana texts.<ref name="Indology"/>

Shantananda Saraswati became a devotee of Brahmananda Saraswati at an early age. He wanted to become a monk but Brahmananda Saraswati instructed him to marry. Due to this Shantanand lived the life of a householder, worked as a bookbinder, and supported a wife and child for fourteen years. Upon his wife's death he once more sought, and was granted, permission from Brahmananda Saraswati to become a monk. Shantananda was the first Shankaracharya to have lived as a householder for part of his life. This break in tradition has continued to cause controversy and dissent among some disciples of Brahmananda.<ref name=":0" />

Shantananda Saraswati received Western visitors from a number of organisations thus making his teaching available to many around the world.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Mindful philosophy|last=J.|first=Snow, Michael|date=October 2018|isbn=9781546292388|location=Milton Keynes|oclc=1063750429}}</ref> In 1960 Dr Francis Roles (the named successor of [[P. D. Ouspensky]]) of [[The Study Society]], travelled to India and became a follower of Swami Shantananda Saraswati; a few years later [[Leon MacLaren]] of the [[School of Economic Science]] also visited Shantananda Saraswati in India and became a follower. From this point on the teachings of both organisations became predominantly based on [[Advaita Vedanta]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofenlightene00rawl|title=The book of enlightened masters : western teachers in eastern traditions|author=Rawlinson, Andrew|date=1997|publisher=Open Court|isbn=0812693108|location=Chicago|oclc=36900790|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johanna|first=Petsche|date=2015|title=Gurdjieffian Overtones in Leon MacLaren's School of Economic Science|journal=International Journal for the Study of New Religions|volume=6|issue=2|pages=197–219|doi=10.1558/ijsnr.v6i2.28443}}</ref> He also provided guidance to the ''[[School of Meditation]]'' in Holland Park, London, from 1967 to his death.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Being oneself : the way of meditation|last=W.|first=Whiting, F.|date=1985|publisher=The School|others=School of Meditation.|isbn=0951105604|location=London|oclc=17234389}}</ref> For more than thirty years he passed on his teaching to the West. Before he died he wrote a letter to students in the West saying: "You have all that is needed to carry on, you need only to put what has been given into practice".<ref name=":0" />

Meanwhile, organizations which had been concerned with reviving the Jyotir Math in the 1930s reconvened and proposed Swami Krishnabodha Asrama as Shankaracharya despite Shantanand's claim and occupation of the Jyotir Math Shankaracharya-ship.<ref name="Advaita Vedanta">Unknown author (5 May 1999) archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706131203/http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/avhp/ad-today.html here] Accessed: 2012-08-30. or [https://web.archive.org/web/20000823031922/http://www.advaita-vedanta.org/avhp/ad-today.html here%5D The Monastic Tradition] Advaita Vedanta web page, retrieved 28 August 2012</ref> However, Krishnabodha died in 1973, and he nominated his disciple [[Swaroopananda Saraswati]], a prior disciple of Brahmananda, as his successor. But because Shantananda still occupied the Jyotir Math ashram built by Brahmananda, Swaroopananda took residence in a nearby building or [[ashram]] instead.<ref name="Advaita Vedanta"/>

Sri Shantananda Saraswati's teachings continue to be widely studied in the West due to the guidance he provided [[the Study Society]] and the [[School of Economic Science]], which both offer courses, teachings, lectures, and publications on the philosophy of non-duality. A contemporary well-known spiritual teacher to emerge from this tradition is [[Rupert Spira]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rupertspira.com/about|title = About spiritual teacher, author and speaker | Rupert Spira}}</ref> These schools are also responsible for the promulgation of a particular type of meditation, sometimes known as "[[Transcendental Meditation|transcendental meditation]]".<ref name=":2" /> One celebrity who first learned to meditate in this context is [[Hugh Jackman]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oprah.com/omagazine/oprah-interviews-hugh-jackman/all|title = Oprah Talks to Hugh Jackman}}</ref>

During his tenure, Shantanand was "supportive" of another Brahamananda disciple [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] and "often appeared with him in public".<ref>Mason (1994) p. 57 Note: "On Tuesday, 30 May 1961, eight years to the day after his master's death, the Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math, Swami Shantanand Saraswati graced the teacher training course with his presence and was received with all due ceremony. Arriving at the site where the new Academy was being built, he addressed the Maharishi and the gathered meditators . . . . He commended the practice of the Maharishi’s meditation, describing it as a 'master key to the knowledge of Vedanta' and added, 'There are other keys, but a master key is enough to open all the locks.’</ref><ref>name="Williamson">Williamson, Lola (2012) New York University Press, Transcendent In America, page 87</ref> In 1961 he appeared at one of the Maharishi's training courses in [[Rishikesh]] and addressed the trainees, describing the meditation method as "the master key to the knowledge of [[Vedanta]]": "There are other keys, but a master key is enough to open all the locks".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=The Maharishi : the biography of the man who gave transcendental meditation to the world|last=Mason, Paul, 1952-|isbn=1852305711|location=Shaftesbury, Dorset|oclc=31133549|year = 1994}}</ref> In 1963 Sri Shantanand gave his support to the Marharishi's "All Indian Campaign".<ref name=":1" />

Finally, in 1980, Shantananda relinquished the Shankarcharya position to Dandi Swami Vishnudevananda, who held the position until his death in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.paulmason.info/gurudev/Shantanand.htm|title=Profile of Shankaracharya Swami Shantanand Saraswati - www.paulmason.info|website=www.paulmason.info|access-date=2019-04-11}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Shantanand, in his capacity as senior Shankaracharya, then appointed Swami Vasudevananda Saraswati to the role.<ref name="Indology" /><ref name=":0" /> Shantananda himself died in 1997.<ref name="Indology" />

== Teachings ==

Shantananda Saraswati taught that people should develop their spiritual life while fully engaged in worldly responsibilities, encouraging them to act to uplift their families, professions, communities, and to manifest the harmony, beauty, and efficiency of their spiritual practices in their everyday life.<ref name=":0" />

Sri Shantananda Saraswati (perhaps reflecting his experience as a husband and then a father) referred to love as "the natural in-between", a state of being that can always be availed because it lies within us all.<ref name=":2"/>

== Published discourses ==

* ''Good Company''. {{ISBN|978-0-9561442-1-8}}
* ''Good Company'' II. {{ISBN|978-0-9547939-9-9}}
* ''The Man Who Wanted to Meet God: Myths and Stories That Explain the Inexplicable by His Holiness Shantanand Saraswati''. {{ISBN|9781843336211}}
* ''Teachings of His Holiness Shantanand Saraswati''. {{ISBN|978-0-9561442-9-4}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.paulmason.info/gurudev/Shantanand.htm Bio of Shantanand by Paul Mason]
* [https://www.ouspenskytoday.org/wp/the-record-of-shankaracharya-audiences Record of Audiences]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1913 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Shankaracharyas]]

Shri Hanuman Jakhu (statue)

2026-01-24T00:18:41Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Stub Basic Info - done

{{Short description|Statue in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox monument
| name = ''Shri Hanuman Jakhu''
| image =Jakhoo Hanuman Ji Moorti close view.jpg
| type = [[Statue]]
| height = 33 metres (108 feet)
| inaugurated = 2010
| complete = 2010
| dedicated =
| location = [[Jakhu Temple]], Jakhu Hill, [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|31.1012|77.1840|type:landmark_region:IN-HP|display=it}}
| native_name = '''''श्री हनुमान जाखू'''''
| dedicated_to = [[Lord Hanuman]]
| begin = 2008
|caption=Shri Hanuman Jakhu statue during daytime with devotees arriving at temple}}
'''Shri Hanuman Jakhu''' is a statue of [[Hanuman|Lord Hanuman]] situated under the periphery of [[Jakhu Temple]] on Jakhu Hill in [[Shimla]]. It is one of the tallest statues of the deity at a height of 33 metres (108 feet).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rao|first=Jamuna|date=2017-09-02|title=A forest spirit and rushing clouds|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-forest-spirit-and-rushing-clouds/article19608750.ece|access-date=2021-03-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The statue is built on the Jakhu Hill which is the highest hill out of the seven hills of Shimla. Its construction was started in 2008 and completed in the year 2010, inaugurated and built by the Managing Director of [https://www.svendgaard.com/ JHS Svendgaard Laboratories Ltd], the largest oral-care manufacturing Company in India, [https://nikhilnanda.com/ Nikhil Nanda] and the then Chief Minister of [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Prem Kumar Dhumal]]. The statue is a gift by the HC Nanda Charitable Trust to the state.
The statue is 108 feet tall and overlooks the city of Shimla from the 8,850 foot hilltop. It has been filed in the [[Guinness book of world record|Guinness Book of World Record]] as the [[List of tallest statues|tallest Statue]] of Shri Hanuman in the world. The statue towers high above the tall [[Cedrus deodara|Deodar trees]] and is visible from several parts of Shimla.
The temple area around the statue has been developed so that visiting families can spend time comfortably here. A park is built with swings and slides is located in the temple premisis. Many devotees from different parts of the nation come and visit the temple everyday to seek strength, peace and sanity.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jagdish Bhatt|date=Nov 4, 2010|title=World's tallest Hanuman statue at Shimla {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/worlds-tallest-hanuman-statue-at-shimla/articleshow/6871465.cms|access-date=2021-03-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== View ==
The statue can be seen from all parts of the city as well as from [[Solan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stunning facts about Shimla no one told you before|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/stunning-facts-about-shimla-no-one-told-you-before/as67179017.cms|access-date=2021-03-18|website=Times of India Travel}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Shri Hanuman Moorti at Jakhoo, Shimla.jpg|Shri Hanuman Statue during snow
File:Jakhoo mandir statue of hanuman.jpg|Shri Hanuman statue height obeserving closely
File:Hanuman Statue - Jakhoo - Shimla 2014-05-07 1272.JPG|Shri Hanuman Statue downhill view
File:View of Jhakoo Hanuman from the Ridge.JPG|Shri Hanuman Statue can be seen from [[The Ridge, Shimla|The Ridge]]
File:Jhakoo Temple Hanuman.jpg|Close view
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Statues in India|state=Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Colossal statues in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Shimla]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:2010 sculptures]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Architecture in India]]
[[Category:Shimla]]
[[Category:Hanuman]]

News18 Lokmat

2026-01-11T16:32:48Z

CryptoCurrencydon: slightly improved structure to improve readability and improved wording after review

#REDIRECT [[News18 Marathi]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Rama Sofat Hospital

2025-12-31T22:38:51Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Started entry

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Dr. Rama Sofat Hospital
| org_group = 
| image =
| caption = Commitment for Excellence
| logo =
| location = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| region =
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| country = India
| healthcare = Private
| type = Infertility Treatment Hospital
| speciality = IVF, ICSI, Laparoscopy, High Risk Pregnancy etc.
| standards = 
| emergency = Gynecology, Obstetrics, infertility, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, advanced gynae cancer surgeries, maternity including high risk pregnancy management services
| affiliation =
| beds =
| founded = 1972
| closed = 
| website = http://www.ramasofathospital.com/
| coordinates = {{coord| 30.90884 |N| 75.82869 |E|display=inline,title}}
| other_links = 
}}

'''Dr. Rama Sofat Hospital''' is an infertility hospital<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramasofathospital.com|title=Rama Sofat Hospital: Infertility treatment hospital in Ludhiana|first=Dr. Rama|last=Sofat|website=www.ramasofathospital.com}}</ref> in the [[Ludhiana]] city of the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It is affiliated with the [[Indian Medical Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhp.gov.in/hospital/dr-rama-sofat-hospital-ludhiana-punjab|title = Dr.Rama Sofat Hospital | National Health Portal of India}}</ref> The hospital was established in 1972 with a 10-bed capacity which later expanded. It was the first hospital in Northern India to provide all the infertility-related treatments.

==History==
The hospital was established by Dr. Rama Sofat in 1972, offering better facilities and making patients aware<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ramasofathospital.com/press-release.php|title=Dr. Rama Sofat Hospital: Infertility treatment hospital in Ludhiana|first=Dr. Rama|last=Sofat|website=www.ramasofathospital.com}}</ref> of the options for the treatment of infertility, particularly in the lesser-educated and rural areas of Punjab.

==Facilities==
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
* Infertility
* Endoscopy
* Male Sexual Dysfunction
* Recurrent Pregnancy Lost
* Aesthetic Gynaecology
* Urogynaecology
* Gynea Cancer Clinic
* Maternity
* Menopausal Clinic
* Paediatric
* Radiology
* Dentistry

{{Div col end}}

==See also==
*[[Healthcare in India]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|url=https://ramasofathospital.com/|archive-url=|archive-date=|last=|first=|date=|title=Rama Sofat Hospital -- Infertility in Ludhiana|access-date=|website=|publisher=}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Ludhiana]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Punjab, India]]

Basti Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-27T08:20:16Z

CryptoCurrencydon:

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
'''Basti Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 80 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Uttar Pradesh]] state in northern [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Basti Lok Sabha Elections and Results 2014|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/basti.html|work=www.elections.in|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2014 General Election Result|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2014/33%20-%20Constituency%20wise%20detailed%20result.pdf|work=Election Commission of India official website|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref>
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Basti {{Small|UP-51}}
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Uttar Pradesh/Basti.map}}
|map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Basti Lok Sabha constituency
|established = 1951
|party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
|mp = [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|assembly_cons ={{flatlist|
[[Harraiya Assembly constituency|Harraiya]] [[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency|Kaptanganj]] [[Rudhauli Assembly constituency|Rudhauli]] [[Basti Sadar Assembly constituency|Basti Sadar]] [[Mahadewa Assembly constituency|Mahadewa]]}}
|reservation=None}}

==Assembly Segments==
There are five assembly constituencies in Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments. These are:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
||307
||[[Harraiya Assembly constituency|Harraiya]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Basti district|Basti]]
|| [[Ajay Kumar Singh (mla)|Ajay Kumar Singh]]
|{{party name with color|BJP}}
|{{party name with color|BJP}}
|-
|| 308
||[[Kaptanganj Assembly constituency|Kaptanganj]]
|| Kavindra Chaudhary
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|| 309
|| [[Rudhauli Assembly constituency|Rudhauli]]
|| Rajendra Chaudhary
|-
|| 310
||[[Basti Sadar Assembly constituency|Basti Sadar]]
|| Mahendra Nath Yadav
|-
|| 311
||[[Mahadewa Assembly constituency|Mahadewa]] (SC)
|| Doodhram
|{{party name with color|Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party}}
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basti (Uttar Pradesh) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 - Basti Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/basti.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1951]]
|Uday Shankar Dubey
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|Ram Garib
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|1957^
|rowspan="2" |[[Keshav Dev Malviya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|Sheo Narain
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|Anant Prasad Dhusia
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|Sheo Narain
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|Kalpnath Sonkar
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|Ram Awadh Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|Kalpnath Sonkar
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|Shyam Lal Kamal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|rowspan="3" |[[Sriram Chauhan]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Lal Mani Prasad]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Arvind Kumar Chaudhary]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Harish Dwivedi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|{{Full party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|-
|}
^ by poll

==Election results==

=== General Election 2024 ===

{{Election box begin|title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Basti district|Basti]]<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Basti">{{cite news |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Basti |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2461.htm |accessdate=13 June 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613163605/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2461.htm |archivedate=13 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Basti Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result">{{cite news |title=Basti Constituency Lok Sabha Election Result |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/basti |accessdate=13 June 2025 |work= |publisher=The Times of India |date=4 June 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613163559/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-constituencies/uttar-pradesh/basti |archivedate=13 June 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Samajwadi Party|candidate=[[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]|votes=5,27,005|percentage=48.67|change={{increase}}48.67|}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Harish Dwivedi]]|votes=4,26,011|percentage=39.34|change={{decrease}}5.34}}{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Lavkush Patel|votes=1,03,301|percentage=9.54|change={{decrease}}32.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes =7,761
|percentage = 0.72
|change ={{decrease}}0.26
}}
{{Election box majority|votes=1,00,994|percentage=9.33|change={{increase}}6.42|}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=10,82,870|percentage=56.67|change={{decrease}}0.52|}}
{{Election box gain with party link||winner=Samajwadi Party|loser=Bharatiya Janata Party|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Basti district|Basti]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Harish Dwivedi]]
|votes = 4,71,163
|percentage = 44.68
|change = +10.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 4,40,808
|percentage = 41.8
|change = +14.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Raj Kishor Singh]]
|votes = 86,920
|percentage = 8.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
|candidate =Vinod Kumar Rajbhar
|votes = 11,971
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party =[[Hindusthan Nirman Dal|HND]]
|candidate=Rohit Kumar Pathak
|votes = 3,182
|percentage = 0.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|NOTA]]
|votes = 10,298
|percentage = 0.98
|change = + 0.01
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = Others
|candidate = Remaining Candidates
|votes = 30,184
|percentage = 2.84
|change = -0.66
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,354
|percentage = 2.88
|change = -0.32
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,55,201
|percentage =57.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner= Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Basti district|Basti]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Harish Dwivedi]]
|votes = 3,57,680
|percentage = 34.11
|change = +18.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate =Brij Kishor Singh "Dimpal"
|votes = 324,118
|percentage = 30.91
|change = +9.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Ram Prasad Chaudhary]]
|votes = 283,747
|percentage = 27.06
|change = -7.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Ambika Singh
|votes = 27,673
|percentage = 2.64
|change = -9.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Anand Rajpal
|votes = 8,407
|percentage = 0.80
|change = +0.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 10,168
|percentage = 0.97
|change = +0.97
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party =
| candidate = Remainder 8 candidates
| votes = 36,741
| percentage = 3.50
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 33,562
|percentage = 3.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,48,539
|percentage = 58.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner= Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing = -4.46
}}
{{Election box end}}

===15th Lok Sabha: 2009 General Election===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Basti district|Basti]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 General Election Result|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|work=Election Commission of India official website|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Arvind Kumar Chaudhary]]
|votes = 2,68,666
|percentage = 34.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Raj Kishor Singh]]
|votes = 1,63,456
|percentage = 21.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dr. Y. D. Singh
|votes = 1,17,259
|percentage = 15.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Basant Chaudhary
|votes = 95,235
|percentage = 12.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Daya Shankar Patwa
|votes = 67,987
|percentage = 8.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party =
| candidate = Remainder 11 candidates
| votes = 36,741
| percentage = 3.50
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,05,210
|percentage = 13.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,73,779
|percentage = 49.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner= Bahujan Samaj Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Basti district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Basti Khabar]]

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/uttar_pradesh/basti/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Basti lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Coord|26.79|82.82|display=title}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Basti district]]

Dausa Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-21T14:26:30Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Stub

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Rajasthan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dausa
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Rajasthan/Dausa.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Dausa Lok Sabha Constituency
| established = 1952
|reservation= ST
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| mp = [[Murari Lal Meena]]
| incumbent_image =
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Rajasthan]]
| assembly_cons =[[Bassi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bassi]] [[Chaksu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chaksu]] [[Thanagazi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Thanagazi]] [[Bandikui (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bandikui]] [[Mahuwa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mahuwa]] [[Sikrai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikrai]] [[Dausa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dausa]] [[Lalsot (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lalsot]]
| preceded_by = [[Jaskaur Meena]]
}}
'''Dausa Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{IPA|hi|d̪ɔːsaː}}) is one of the 25 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Rajasthan]] state in [[India]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Dausa Lok Sabha constituency comprises eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments. These are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|title=Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies wise Polling Stations & Electors|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Rajasthan website|access-date=13 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003649/http://ceorajasthan.nic.in/PC-ACWISE-ELECTORS.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|57
|[[Bassi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bassi]] (ST)
| rowspan="2" |[[Jaipur district|Jaipur]]
|[[Laxman Meena]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 58
|[[Chaksu (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Chaksu]] (SC)
|[[Ramavatar Bairwa|Ramavtar Bairwa]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|64
|[[Thanagazi (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Thanagazi]]
|[[Alwar district|Alwar]]
|[[Kanti Prasad Meena]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|85
|[[Bandikui (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Bandikui]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Dausa district|Dausa]]
|[[Bhagchand Saini Tankda]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|86
|[[Mahuwa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Mahuwa]]
|[[Rajendra Meena]]

|-
|87
|[[Sikrai (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Sikrai]] (SC)
|[[Vikram Bansiwal]]

|-
|88
|[[Dausa (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Dausa]]
|[[Deen Dayal Bairwa]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
|89
|[[Lalsot (Rajasthan Assembly constituency)|Lalsot]] (ST)
|[[Rambilas Meena]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-

|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Raj Bahadur]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|[[G. D. Somani]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|Prithvi Raj
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Swatantra Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Swatantra Party]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|R. C. Ganpat
|-
|1968^
| rowspan="2" |[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Nathu Singh Gurjar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2"|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Rajesh Pilot]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Nathu Singh Gurjar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Rajesh Pilot]]
| rowspan="6" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="6" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|2000^
|[[Rama Pilot]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|[[Sachin Pilot]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Kirodi Lal Meena]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Harish Meena]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Jaskaur Meena]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Murari Lal Meena]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: Dausa<ref>{{cite web |title=General Election 2024 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/general-election-to-loksabha-2024-statistical-reports |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 December 2025}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Murari Lal Meena]]
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes=6,46,266
|percentage=60.24
|change={{up}}15.99
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Kanhaiya Lal Meena]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=4,08,926|percentage=38.12|change={{down}}13.51}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sonu Dhanka|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=6,797|percentage=0.63|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=5,846|percentage=0.54|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=2,37,340|percentage=22.12|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,72,734|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Dausa]]<ref name=election2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1551-general-election-2019-including-vellore-pc/ |title=General Election 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jaskaur Meena]]
|votes = 5,48,733
|percentage =51.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Savita Meena
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes =4,70,289
|percentage = 44.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dwarka Prasad Maheshwara
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 13,414
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate =[[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 7,394
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =78,444
|percentage = 7.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =10,64,078
|percentage = 61.50
|change = +0.42
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Dausa]]<ref name=election2014>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 22 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Harish Chandra Meena]]
|votes = 3,15,059
|percentage =33.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kirodi Lal Meena|Dr. Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|party = National People's Party (India)
|votes = 2,69,655
|percentage = 28.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Namo Narain Meena]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,81,272
|percentage = 19.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Shiv Pal Gurjar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 82,549
|percentage = 8.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Bimla Devi Meena
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 20,037
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 45,404
|percentage = 4.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 9,30,921
|percentage = 61.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Independent (politician)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Dausa]]<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ |title=General Election 2009 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 July 2023}}</ref> }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Kirodi Lal Meena|Dr. Kirodi Lal Meena]]
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,33,666
|percentage = 51.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Qummer Rubbani|party=Independent (politician)|votes=2,95,907|percentage=35.16|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Laxman|party=Indian National Congress|votes=59,154|percentage=7.03|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Ram Kishore Meena|votes=28,398|percentage=3.37|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,14,865|percentage=16.02|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=8,41,412|percentage=63.95|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections]]: [[Dausa]]<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4126-general-election-2004-vol-i-ii-iii/ |title=General Election 2004 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 12 July 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sachin Pilot]]
|votes = 369,935
|percentage = 52
|change = +1.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Kartar Singh Bhadana]]
|votes = 255,070
|percentage = 35.58
|change = -3.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Lok Dal
|candidate = Rohitash Kumar Sharma
|votes = 46,938
|percentage = 6.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rakesh Meena
|votes = 15,437
|percentage = 2.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Subhash Chandra Sharma
|votes = 12,004
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rajasthan Vikas Party
|candidate = Dhanna Ram
|votes = 7,672
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Rohitash Kuldeep
|votes = 3,924
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ramesh
|votes = 3,047
|percentage = 0.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mukarram Ali
|votes = 2,874
|percentage = 0.40
|change = -0.13
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 114,865
|percentage = 16.02
|change = +15.09
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 716,901
|percentage = 49.04
|change = -10.58
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = +1.65
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dausa district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/rajasthan/dausa/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Dausa lok sabha constituency election 2019 result details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Rajasthan}}

{{coord|26.9|76.3|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dausa (Lok Sabha Constituency)}}
[[Category:Dausa district]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Rajasthan]]

Edward Dyer (brewer)

2025-12-07T00:17:43Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Stub

{{Short description|British brewer in India}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Edward Abraham Dyer
| birth_date = July 7, 1831
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1902|4|23|1831|7|7}}
| death_place = [[Simla]], [[British Raj]]
| spouse = Mary Passmore
| children = 9, one of which was [[Reginald Dyer]].
}}

'''Edward Abraham Dyer''' was born in 1831 in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] to John and Julia Dyer. He studied engineering in [[England]]. He met and married Mary Passmore before using the money that was supposed to be for his commission to return to India and set up a brewery in [[Kasauli]], which then incorporated in 1855 as [[Mohan Meakin|Dyer Breweries Ltd.]]<ref name="Colvin 1929">{{Cite book |last=Colvin |first=Ian |title=The Life Of General Dyer |year=1929 |pages=2–8 |language=en}}</ref> The brewery moved to the nearby town of [[Solan]] and the [[Kasauli Brewery and Distillery|Kasauli Brewery]] was turned into a distillery. Dyer expanded production to the cities of [[Lucknow]] and [[Mandalay]] as well before eventually selling the business to H.G. Meakin in 1877.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Rum Day: Old Monk And Indian Independence, A Shared Legacy |url=https://www.slurrp.com/article/old-monk-and-indian-independence-a-shared-legacy-1666781026219 |access-date=August 20, 2025 |website=Slurrp |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Mohanmeakin |url=https://mohanmeakin.com/history/ |access-date=August 20, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Dyer and his wife, Mary, had nine children, including [[Reginald Dyer]], who would go on to be responsible for the 1919 [[Amritsar massacre]].<ref name="Colvin 1929" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Collett |first=N. A. |title=The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer |date=2007 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |isbn=978-1-85285-575-8 |location=London; New York |pages=3–17}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dyer, Edward}}
[[Category:1831 births]]
[[Category:1902 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
{{improve categories|date=September 2025}}

{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Bhootnath (TV series)

2025-11-27T21:41:01Z

CryptoCurrencydon: updated article per standard format and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian fantasy television series}}
{{italic title}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
'''''Bhootnath''''' is an Indian [[fantasy]] television series based on [[Devaki Nandan Khatri]]'s novel of the same name. It was originally telecast on [[Doordarshan]]'s [[DD National]] between 1996 and 1997.The show starred [[Benjamin Gilani]] in the title role, and was narrated by Indian actor [[Ashok Kumar]]. It was broadcast after the popularity of Chandrkanta series but only 13 episodes were broadcast.{{fact|date=November 2023}}

==External links==
*{{IMDB title|3844938}}

[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:1980s Indian television series]]
[[Category:1989 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Television shows based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Indian historical television series]]

Piro, Bihar

2025-11-15T19:24:07Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Started data

{{refimprove|date=August 2022}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Piro
| other_name = 
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Nagar Parishad]]
| image_skyline = Piro Railway Station.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Piro railway station
| image_map = Piro block map.png
| map_caption = Location of Piro block in Bhojpur District
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.33|N|84.42|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bhojpur district, Bihar|Bhojpur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Piro Nagar Parishad
| governing_body = Municipal Corporation
| leader_title = M.L.A
| leader_name = [[Vishal Prashant]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 72
| population_total = 80000
| population_as_of = 2024
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=263390|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|accessdate=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 802207
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 06181
| registration_plate = BR-03
| website = {{URL|bhojpur.bih.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Piro''' (historically spelled as '''Peeroo'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thornton |first=J. H. |date=1874-06-01 |title=Report on Cholera in the Shahabad District |journal=The Indian Medical Gazette |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=146–147 |issn=0019-5863 |pmc=5128170 |pmid=28995022}}</ref>) is a [[nagar parishad]] town and corresponding [[community development block]] in [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur District]], in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. Piro is 39 [[Kilometre|km]] from the [[Ara Junction railway station|Ara Railway Station]]. Jitaura is 6 km from Piro.

==Geography==
Piro is located at {{Coord|25.33|N|84.42|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Piro.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Piro]</ref> It has an average elevation of 72 [[metre]]s (236 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = [[2011 Census of India]]<ref name="Census 2011"/>{{not in source|date=August 2022}}

| 1981 | 14068
| 1991 | 18419
| 2001 | 25811
| 2011 | 33785
}}
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Piro had a population of 25,638. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Piro has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 65%, and female literacy is 45%.

In Piro, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{{As of|2011}} the population of the town of Piro was 45,000 in 7,033 households.<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Bhojpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=46, 63, 81–83, 90, 92, 516–563, 753, 808–809 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/BiharA.html |website=Census 2011 India|accessdate=7 August 2020}}</ref> {{not in source|date=August 2022}}

==Administration==
The Piro sub-division ([[Tehsil]]) is headed by an IAS or state Civil service officer of the rank of [[Sub Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM).

===Blocks===
The Piro Tehsil is divided into 3 [[Community development block|Block]]s, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO). List of Blocks is as follows:
# Piro
# [[Charpokhari]]
# [[Tarari, Bihar|Tarari]]
Piro Balua Tola is one of the most developed village in Piro block.
== List of villages ==
Piro block contains the following 109 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| Lohain || 166 || 2,000
|-
| Balua Tola || 85 || 1620
|-
| Newari || 201 || 843
|-
| Khairahin || 110 || 616
|-
| Kheri Kon || 263 || 2,016
|-
| Pharaura || 237 || 1,698
|-
| Karauniya || 91 || 1,052
|-
| Ear || 404 || 3,821
|-
| Kukrahan || 130 || 955
|-
| Waina || 296 || 1,585
|-
| Danwarua || 148 || 1,436
|-
| Tar || 943 || 6,123
|-
| Jamuaon || 452 || 5,006
|-
| Saneya || 74 || 1,843
|-
| Bamhawar || 201 || 4,190
|-
| Chaubepur || 85 || 1,041
|-
| Marohi || 61 || 340
|-
| Chhaurahi Jangal Mahal || 766 || 5,949
|-
| Keshwa || 277 || 3,018
|-
| Bishambharpur || 14 || 0
|-
| Haswa Dehri || 132 || 1,530
|-
| Rajapur || 98 || 1,588
|-
| Akrua || 395 || 3,309
|-
| Kaser || 122 || 844
|-
| Barao || 625 || 7,230
|-
| Hat Pokhar || 77 || 1,272
|-
| Jitaura Jangal Mahal || 969 || 11,292
|-
| Rajeyan || 149 || 2,561
|-
| Baseya || 230 || 1,943
|-
| Mahwari || 75 || 1,081
|-
| Doman Dehra || 221 || 2,033
|-
| Khambha Dih || 51 || 427
|-
| Chanwa || 36 || 0
|-
| Puraini Buzurg || 80 || 1,000
|-
| Puraini Khurd || 40 || 234
|-
| Pitro || 202 || 3,418
|-
| Khandani || 262 || 2,266
|-
| Khandani Khurd || 146 || 1,516
|-
| Angra || 371.1 || 2,384
|-
| Pitat || 217.4 || 892
|-
| Kothua || 309 || 2,770
|-
| Dhanpura || 231 || 1,686
|-
| Birpur || 87 || 769
|-
| Salakhna || 123.9 || 656
|-
| Mahuari || 140 || 1,060
|-
| Kewatia || 146 || 1,145
|-
| Basdiha || 171 || 1,212
|-
| Amehta || 191 || 3,052
|-
| Lahthan || 898 || 6,516
|-
| Anuwan || 68 || 347
|-
| Telar || 214 || 2,930
|-
| Agiaon || 373 || 7,545
|-
| Baraura || 43 || 192
|-
| Beduwa || 31 || 0
|-
| Bedauli || 27 || 0
|-
| Narhi || 63 || 1,215
|-
| Narayanpur || 112 || 1,358
|-
| Dihri || 102 || 999
|-
| Baghaunr || 99 || 1,343
|-
| Sugibal || 86 || 547
|-
| Mothi || 168 || 1,567
|-
| Mothibal Jangal Mahal || 31 || 375
|-
| Jagdishpur Patak || 96 || 769
|-
| Bahri Mahadeo || 26.5 || 0
|-
| Naek Tola Jangal Mahal || 646 || 6,860
|-
| Barauli || 176 || 1,705
|-
| Tewari Dih || 68 || 891
|-
| Rangal Tola Jangal Mahal || 47 || 669
|-
| [[Sukhrauli]] || 165 || 1,766
|-
| Jagdeopur || 59 || 436
|-
| [[Gogsand]] || 62 || 937
|-
| Kataria || 496 || 3,841
|-
| Basmanpur || 179 || 1,894
|-
| Amai || 317.9 || 3,826
|-
| Tetar Dih || 151 || 1,726
|-
| Sahejani || 308 || 2,958
|-
| Rasauli || 121 || 1,954
|-
| Jamunipur || 103 || 559
|-
| Indarpatpur || 36 || 438
|-
| Chhechhu Dih || 17 || 492
|-
| Moti Dih || 40 || 538
|-
| Pachrukhia || 235 || 2,464
|-
| Kachnath || 151 || 1,769
|-
| Udan Dih || 41 || 484
|-
| Ujjain Dehra || 92.9 || 599
|-
| Ojhawaliya || 20 || 265
|-
| [[Lohrabad]] || 29 || 1,601
|-
| Gajra Dih || 39 || 0
|-
| [[Deochanda]] || 169 || 1,170
|-
| [[Tilath]] || 295 || 2,886
|-
| Jaisingh Dih || 170 || 1,470
|-
| Manaini || 34 || 238
|-
| Tiwari Dih || 99 || 1,177
|-
| [[Itamba Ganesh]] || 57 || 856
|-
| [[Chilbilia]] || 92 || 966
|-
| Khorain || 27 || 0
|-
| Dano Dih || 31 || 0
|-
| [[Bachri, Piro|Bachri]] || 257 || 3,476
|-
| Bharsar || 325 || 2,861
|-
| Gobind Dih || 118 || 1,414
|-
| Nonar || 677 || 7,835
|-
| Baisa Dih || 89.5 || 1,671
|-
| Pachman || 250 || 2,344
|-
| [[Katar, Bhojpur|Katar]] || 594 || 13,484
|-
| Garahatha || 121.8 || 1,120
|-
| Harpur || 30 || 0
|-
| Narayanpur || 442 || 6,232
|-
| Jamaurahi || 150.7 || 2,128
|-
| Bhulkua || 151 || 1,427
|-
| Kachhuhi || 57 || 776
|-
| Dhan Pokhar || 124 || 783
|-
| Pasaur Tola || 85 || 790
|}

==References==
<references/>

{{Patna Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bhojpur district, India]]

Vastupurush

2025-11-01T08:04:28Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up A Article From Scratch

{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vastupurush
| image = Vastupurush poster.jpg
| alt = Vastupurush poster
| caption = Vastupurush poster
| director = [[Sumitra Bhave]], [[Sunil Sukthankar]]
| producer = [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
| writer = Sumitra Bhave (also dialogue)
| screenplay = Sumitra Bhave
| story = Sumitra Bhave
| starring = [[Uttara Baokar]], [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]], [[Ravindra Mankani]], [[Atul Kulkarni]] [[Mahesh Elkunchwar]]
| music = Shrirang Umarani, Sunil Sukthankar (lyrics)
| cinematography = Sanjay Memane
| editing = Sunil Sukthankar, Neeraj Voralia
| released = {{Film date|2002}}
| runtime = 154 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Vastupurush: The Guardian Spirit of the House''''' (or simply '''''Vastupurush''''') is a 2002 Indian [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]] directed by filmmaker duo [[Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]] and produced by [[National Film Development Corporation of India]]. It is about Bhaskar, who rises above his poor financial conditions and devotes himself to the poor people for his mother believes that their generations have been cursed by the ''Vastupurush'' for doing wrong to people of lower castes. The film won several awards on release including the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]] at the [[50th National Film Awards]] and eight awards at the 40th [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] in 2003.<ref name="50thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf|title=50th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=14 March 2012|pages=78–79}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Bhaskar Deshpande (played by [[Mahesh Elkunchwar]]) has been awarded with the coveted [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] for his dedicated works in [[Preventive healthcare|preventive medicine]] in the slums of Mumbai. Bhaskar decides to visit his hometown village after forty years and as he walks through the ruins of his old ancestral house, the events unfold in his memory.

Bhaskar belongs to a [[Brahmin]] family settled in a rural village in [[Maharashtra]]. His father, Narayan Deshpande (played by [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]]), was a freedom activist during [[Indian independence movement]] and is now struggling to accept the corrupt systems present in the post-independent India. Bhaskar's uncle, Madhav, (played by [[Ravindra Mankani]]), a widower, hopes to find the hidden treasure he thinks his ancestors must have left behind inside their old house. Bhaskar's elder brother Nishikant (played by [[Atul Kulkarni]]) is an amateur poet and was in love with Krishna (played by [[Renuka Daftardar]]), a nurse. But his father opposed their marriage since the girl is from [[Maratha]] community, different from their own caste.

Saraswati, Bhaskar's mother (played by [[Uttara Baokar]]) is a wise woman who has changed herself with the times and accepted the loss of status and riches that entailed the [[land reform in India]], unlike her other family members. She believes that their ancestors had wronged many lower castes and thus the Vastupurush, the guardian spirit of the house, had cursed their generations. She encourages Bhaskar to be a doctor and serve the poor to appease the Vastupurush. Bhaskar, though academically brilliant, struggles to get admission in the medical college due to their poor financial conditions. His mother requests his father to use his influence to the then minister but he refuses to do so as it is against his ethics.

Krishna and Sopana, Bhaskar's friend from lower caste, help Bhaskar's mother fulfill her dream and send Bhaskar to Mumbai for further education. When Bhaskar returns to his village after forty years and decides to build a hospital, he is supported by Sopana who has now become the Chairman of a sugar factory and by Krishna's granddaughter, Kalyani (played by [[Devika Daftardar]]), who is also a doctor now.

== Cast ==
* [[Mahesh Elkunchwar]] as Bhaskar Deshpande
* Siddharth Daftardar as Young Bhaskar
* [[Uttara Baokar]] as Saraswati Deshpande, Bhaskar's mother
* [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Narayan Deshpande, Bhaskar's father
* [[Ravindra Mankani]] as Madhav Deshpande, Bhaskar's uncle
* [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Nishikant Deshpande, Bhaskar's elder brother
* [[Renuka Daftardar]] as Krishna
* [[Devika Daftardar]] as Kalyani, Krishna's granddaughter

== Production ==
The story of ''Vastupurush'' is inspired by Sumitra Bhave's personal experiences. Bhave belongs to a [[Brahmin]] family from a village near [[Kolhapur]] in Maharashtra.<ref name="Rediff">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/nov/25mami.htm|title=Cinema, the medium of change|publisher=Rediff|date=25 November 2002|access-date=6 May 2017}}</ref> Her mother suggested Bhave to plot the story of her next cinema based on two of her uncles. Bhave wrote three of the characters played by [[Uttara Baokar]] as Bhaskar's mother, [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Bhaskar's father, and [[Ravindra Mankani]] as Bhaskar's uncle based on her mother and two uncles respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maayboli.com/node/9539|title=संवाद: श्रीमती सुमित्रा भावे व श्री. सुनील सुकथनकर|trans-title=Interview: Sumitra Bhave and Sunil Sukthankar|language=mr|publisher=Maayboli|date=23 July 2009|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Marathi playwright [[Mahesh Elkunchwar]], who played the lead role of Bhaskar, returned to the screen after twenty-two years with this film. Elkunchwar had earlier played a minor role in [[Govind Nihalani]]'s Hindi film ''[[Aakrosh (1980 film)|Aakrosh]]'' in 1980.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/lr/2004/03/07/stories/2004030700240400.htm|title=Face to Face: Other realities|date=7 March 2004|access-date=5 May 2017|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|author=Ramnarayan, Gowri}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== Reception and awards ==
Upon release, the film received wide critical acclaim and won several awards. The film is considered to be structured like a novel.<ref name="HDFCI">{{cite web|url=http://mailer.hdfcbank.com/Nov14/New/Imperia_Newsletter/imperia_magazine/files/assets/basic-html/page16.html|title=First Among Equals|publisher=HDFC Imperia|access-date=24 January 2017|date=November 2014|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908153824/http://mailer.hdfcbank.com/Nov14/New/Imperia_Newsletter/imperia_magazine/files/assets/basic-html/page16.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gowri Ramnarayan of ''The Hindu'' criticised the films for being too long, "overloaded with messages, unevenly structured, stagily concluded" but also appreciated it for "its sincerity, teamwork in the cast", and "vivid evocation of the past with smells intact".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/04/stories/2002100401310100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030129162341/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/10/04/stories/2002100401310100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2003|title=Pathetic Panorama|date=4 October 2002|access-date=5 May 2017|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|author=Ramnarayan, Gowri}}</ref> The filmmaker duo Bhave–Sukthankar consider ''Vastupurush'' as their "important and favourite film".<ref name="HDFCI"/>

The film was awarded the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]] at the [[50th National Film Awards]] "for its competent handling of a feudal family caught in the vortex of social change in post-independence India".<ref name="50thawardPDF"/> The film won eight awards at the 40th [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]] in 2003. It was presented the award for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress, Best Story, Best Screenplay, Best Dialogue, and Best Lyrics.<ref name="Awards">{{cite web|url=https://www.nfdcindia.com/cinemasofindia/home-video-06.htm|title=Vastupurush@NFDC|publisher=NFDC|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0396963}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Marathi}}
{{Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar}}


[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar]]
[[Category:Best Marathi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2000s Marathi-language films]]

Vimarśa

2025-10-16T01:53:15Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Post Nd Citations

{{Short description|Philosophical concept in Shaivism}}
[[File:Kalna Group of Temple 02.jpg|thumb|Shiva temples in Kalna]]

'''Vimarśa''' is a philosophical concept in [[Shaivism]] that comes from the "Recognition" ([[Pratyabhijna|Pratyabhijñā]]) philosophy, introduced by [[Utpaladeva]] and [[Abhinavagupta]], two eminent masters in [[Kashmir Śaivism]] from around the 9th and 10th centuries.

As per the Pratyabhijñā philosophy, Vimarśa and [[Prakāśa]] are seen as two aspects of consciousness. Dr. Sthaneshwar Timalsina, founder of the Vimarsha Foundation [https://www.vimarshafoundation.org/about-us], in his paper describes [[Prakāśa]] as a light that helps us see things within and around us, while Vimarśa makes us aware of our seeing. These elements are closely linked and depend on each other.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In contrast to the passive nature of consciousness in [[Advaita Vedanta]], [[Abhinavagupta]] characterizes consciousness in [[Pratyabhijna|Pratyabhijñā]] as active and free (svātantrya), able to take many forms. Indeed, In [[Kashmir Śaivism]], the [[Sanskrit]] term "Caitanyam" refers to more than just consciousness. It signifies an awareness of a conscious reality, known as "cetana," characterized by complete freedom in knowledge and action. Caitanyam is considered the fundamental nature of reality, encompassing consciousness (cit) and bliss (ananda). It manifests through will (iccha), knowledge (jnana), and activity (kriya).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jaideva |title=Dr. |publisher=Swami Lokesw arananda |year=1985 |isbn=978-8187332930 |location=Calcutta |page=14}}</ref> Vimarśa isn't just about noticing things; it's about the desire to show itself in different ways (icchā-śakti).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=99 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Introduction ==

In his book, Mark S. G. Dyczkowski discusses how consciousness is metaphorically perceived as an ocean, with its expressions as waves. These waves come from and go back to the ocean, showing they're all part of the same thing. Every wave, like every moment of consciousness, is unique but made of the same substance as the ocean, which illustrates the dynamic nature of being consciously involved in life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dyczkowski |first=Mark S. G. |title=The doctrine of vibration: an analysis of the doctrines and practices of Kashmir Shaivism |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0596-5 |edition=1st |series=The SUNY series in Kashmir Śaivism |location=Delhi |pages=117}}</ref> As stated by [[Abhinavagupta]], in his commentary on Īśvarapratyabhijñā, Vimarśa lets us decide and act on our own.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=108 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Moreover, [[Utpaladeva]] says that Vimarśa assists individuals in perceiving each emotion or experience, such as joy or pain, as an integral part of oneself. It highlights the interconnectedness of all experiences, aiding in the recognition of life as a cohesive whole, where everything is a reflection of oneself. He also notes that Vimarśa is at work when we recognize cause and effect, such as knowing there's a fire because we smell smoke.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=103 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Speech, another aspect of consciousness, lets us turn what we see and feel into words, whether we speak them out loud or think them. [[Abhinavagupta]] claims that when we stop trying to label everything or claim it as ours, our speech matches up with Vimarśa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=115 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref> This suggests we all have the ability to see that the reality we discuss is just a small part of our vast consciousness.

==Importance of vimarśa and prakāśa on the cosmogeny of Pratyabhijñā==

The cosmogeny of Trika utilizes the notion of vimarśa along with the closely following notion of [[prakāśa]]. While prakāśa refers to fundamental subjective awareness which forms the fundamental nature of all objects of cognition, vimarśa refers to the act of judgement that leads to the recognition of all objects. Prakāśa is understood to be of the nature of illumination and vimarśa that of reflexivity, and these two held to form the most essential nature of consciousness in Pratyabhijñā thought. These two ideas also engender the metaphysical idea that the Self-Experience of Lord Siva is the primary metaphysical basis of all human experiences, especially those that explain the "ontological categories such as causality, time and action".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=David |date=1998 |title=Śiva's Self-Recognition and the Problem of Interpretation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1399826 |journal=Philosophy East and West |volume=48 |issue=2 |page=200 |doi=10.2307/1399826 |issn=0031-8221|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This leads to the idea that ultimately all phenomena have being generated by recognition.

This relation between awareness and recognition leads to position of Pratyabhijñā thinkers that the recognition of all objective phenomena is not other that the subjective awareness of the experiencer, i.e. an act of self-recognition. This in turn leads to the Pratyabhijñā thinkers' cosmogenic position of Śiva's emanation through Śakti.
<blockquote>The Supreme Lord, who has the nature of awareness (prakāśa), makes His own Self into an object of cognition, even though it is not an object of cognition, because the cognizer is unitary. This is supposed by means of a firm inference making the supposition, which has shown the impossibility of another cause [that is the impossibility of external objects as the causes of the diverse things we experience-which was demonstrated in the prakāśa arguments]. Therefore ... by reason of [His] agency, having the character of Sakti which is recognitive judgment (vimarśa) -as He recognitively apprehends (parāmṛśati) His Self, so, because everything is contained within Him, He appears as blue, and so forth <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=David |date=1998 |title=Śiva's Self-Recognition and the Problem of Interpretation |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1399826 |journal=Philosophy East and West |volume=48 |issue=2 |page=202 |doi=10.2307/1399826 |issn=0031-8221|url-access=subscription }}</ref></blockquote>

==Vimarśa as basis for veridical knowledge==
Vimarśa, more than simply being a descriptor of cognitive phenomena, is taken to be an enabler of veridical cognition. As such, vimarśa is necessary for an individual's ability to process the various impulses, whether subjective or from the environment, into consciousness. Timalsina states:
<blockquote>Vimarśa, therefore is more than reflexivity of consciousness in confirming its own mode, as it is a crucial factor of enabling perception and inference and it also gives rise to veridical knowledge. The operation that makes an instance of knowledge veridical, in Abhinavagupta's thesis, results in reflexivity. It is due to this reflexivity that an instance of consciousness becomes a veridical means of knowledge <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=104 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref></blockquote>

==Vimarśa as basis for bliss==

Vimarśan allows cognition in a person to effect both self-awareness and also the perception of an external reality, thus leading to perception of the multiplicity of reality. The reflexivity of vimarśa forms a fundamental quality of consciousness that allows the rise of bliss in the perception of materiality, leading to "a fulfilment of consciousness expressing itself in myriad forms and actualizing all those forms within its [[immanence]]".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Timalsina |first=Sthaneshwar |date=2022-01-07 |title=Vimarśa: The Concept of Reflexivity in the Philosophy of Utpala and Abhinavagupta |url=https://journals.uio.no/actaorientalia/article/view/9395 |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=80 |page=120 |doi=10.5617/ao.9395 |issn=1600-0439|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Applications of vimarśa in Kaula and yoginī practices==

Kerry M. Skora considers the Pratyabhijñā thinkers [[Abhinavagupta]] to hold vimarśa to be a act of recognition that is not separated from a persons body,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skora |first=Kerry Martin |date=2007-01-01 |title=The Pulsating Heart and Its Divine Sense Energies: Body and Touch in Abhinavagupta's Trika Śaivism |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/4/article-p420_3.xml |journal=Numen |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=420–458 |doi=10.1163/156852707X244298 |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref> so that vimarśa leads to the "gathering together the parts of one's self that have been dispersed out into the world of objectivity and that have caused one to forget the self's connection to Śiva-[[Bhairava]]".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skora |first=Kerry Martin |date=2007-01-01 |title=The Pulsating Heart and Its Divine Sense Energies: Body and Touch in Abhinavagupta's Trika Śaivism |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/4/article-p420_3.xml |journal=Numen |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |page=438 |doi=10.1163/156852707X244298 |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This in turn relates to the utility of bodily bliss in [[Kaula (Hinduism)|kaula]] and [[yoginī]] practices. Abhinavagupta states these practices to lead to an expansion of consciousness caused by enjoyment, and this is itself an act of reflexive awareness or vimarśa that have both the outward flow of consciousness and the inward flow of energy occurring simultaneously. Abhinavagupta states:
<blockquote>At the time of the intense reflexive awareness of one's own-form, [which is] an opening [of consciousness] towards each of one's own various enjoyments, one after the other the goddesses of the secondary wheels reach the center wheel of consciousness <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skora |first=Kerry Martin |date=2007-01-01 |title=The Pulsating Heart and Its Divine Sense Energies: Body and Touch in Abhinavagupta's Trika Śaivism |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/4/article-p420_3.xml |journal=Numen |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |page=437 |doi=10.1163/156852707X244298 |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref></blockquote> Abhinavagupta thus holds worship to include sensual acts capable of awakening one's consciousness through bliss.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skora |first=Kerry Martin |date=2007-01-01 |title=The Pulsating Heart and Its Divine Sense Energies: Body and Touch in Abhinavagupta's Trika Śaivism |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/54/4/article-p420_3.xml |journal=Numen |language=en |volume=54 |issue=4 |page=434 |doi=10.1163/156852707X244298 |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Related readings ==

In exploring Kashmir Shaivism and related philosophical debates, several scholarly works offer in-depth insights :
* R.C. Dwivedi's 1992 article "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694884 BHARTṚHARI AND KASHMIR ŚAIVISM]," published in the ''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute'', examines the intersections between [[Bhartṛhari]]'s philosophy and Kashmir Shaivism, highlighting the mutual influences between these thought streams (vol. 72/73, pp. 95–107, [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41694884 41694884]),
* Alex Watson, in "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwvrz.12 Further Thoughts on Rāmakaṇṭha's Relationship to Earlier Positions in the Buddhist-Brāhmaṇical Ātman Debate]" (Brill, 2020), analyzes the complex relationships between Rāmakaṇṭha's positions and earlier debates on the ātman, shedding light on the interreligious dialogues of the time (pp. 87–105, ISBN 978-90-04-43266-6, [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv2gjwvrz.12 10.1163/j.ctv2gjwvrz.12])
* Gerald James Larson's 1976 article "[[doi:10.2307/1398282|The Aesthetic (Rasāsvadā) and the Religious (Brahmāsvāda) in Abhinavagupta's Kashmir Śaivism]]," published in ''Philosophy East and West'', discusses the aesthetic and religious dimensions in Abhinavagupta's work, offering a detailed analysis of how these aspects are manifested in Kashmir Shaivism (vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 371–387, [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1398282|10.2307/1398282]], [[JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1398282 1398282]).

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]

Kundan Vyas

2025-10-10T02:29:52Z

CryptoCurrencydon: creating some data added tags!

{{Short description|Indian journalist (born 1941)}}

'''Kundan Vyas''' (born 5 December 1941) is an Indian journalist who served as President of [[The Indian Newspaper Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kundan Vyas elected new INS president |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/99375/kundan-vyas-elected-ins-president.html |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> He is the recipient of [[Padma Bhushan]], third highest civilian award in India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2024 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1999790 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> and Lokmanya Tilak National Award for Excellence in Journalism.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-12 |title=Kundan R. Vyas gets Lokmanya Tilak National Award for Excellence in Journalism |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/industry-briefing-news/kundan-r.-vyas-gets-lokmanya-tilak-national-award-for-excellence-in-journalism-58740.html |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Exchange 4 Media |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He was born on 5 December 1941. He graduated with a degree in Arts and Law from the [[University of Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The President of India confers Padma Bhushan to Shri Hormusji N. Cama, Dr. Ashwin Balachand Mehta, Shri Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma, Shri Kundan Ramanlal Vyas of Maharashtra during Civil Investiture Ceremony |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2020118 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vyas, Kundan}}
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian journalists]]

13th Punjab Assembly

2025-09-20T06:41:49Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up New Details

{{short description|Members of Punjab Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
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| foundation = March 2007
| disbanded = March 2012
| preceded_by = [[12th Punjab Assembly]]
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[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] for the constitution of the '''Thirteenth Legislative Assembly of Punjab''' was held in the Indian state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]].<ref name= pdf>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rep_2007_PB.pdf |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2007 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF PUNJAB}} [[Election Commission of India]]</ref>

The term of the twelfth Punjab assembly ended with its dissolution in March 2007. The dissolution was necessitated after the results of the election was declared.

==Committees==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Committee
! Chairperson <ref name="Tribune 2010">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Prabhjot |title=Legislators’ panels reconstituted |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100523/punjab.htm#4 |access-date=15 June 2022 |work=Tribuneindia.com |publisher=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab |date=22 May 2010}}</ref>
! colspan=2| Party
! Tenure
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|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Public Accounts|Committee on Public Accounts]]
|[[Avtar Singh Brar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Estimates|Committee on Estimates]]
|[[Balbir Singh Batth]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Public Undertakings|Committee on Government Business]]
|[[Virsa Singh Valtoha]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes|Committee on Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes]]
|[[Dalbir Singh]]
|
|
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|- 
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Local Bodies|Committee on Local Bodies]] and [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Panchayati Raj Institutions|Panchayati Raj Institutions]]
|[[Surjit Kumar Jyani|Surjit Kumar Jiyani]]<ref name="Tribune 2010"/>
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 2010-11
|1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Subordinate Legislation|Committee on Subordinate Legislation]]
|[[Anil Joshi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Papers Laid/to be Laid on the Table and Library|Committee on Papers Laid/to be Laid on the Table and Library]]
|[[Darshan Singh Brar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Papers Laid/to be Laid on the Table and Library|Committee on Library]]
|[[Ajit Singh Kohar|Ajit Singh]]
|
|
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Special Rights|Committee on Special Rights]]
|[[Sarabjit Singh Makkar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-


|-
|[[Punjab Assembly House Committee|House Committee]]
|[[Satpal Gosain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1
|-
|[[Punjab Assembly Committee on Questions & References|Committee on Questions & References]]
|[[Chaudhary Mohan Lal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| May 2010 – 2011
| 1 
|}

==Members of the Punjab Legislative Assembly==
The following is the list of the members of the Punjab Vidhan Sabha.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!Constituency
!Candidate
![[Party]]
|-
!Abohar
|SUNIL KUMAR JAKHAR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Adampur
|SARBJEET SINGH MAKKAR
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Ajnala
|AMARPAL SINGH AJNALA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Amloh
|SADHU SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Amritsar Central
|LAKSHMI KANTA CHAWLA
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Amritsar North
|ANIL JOSHI
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Amritsar South
|RAMINDER SINGH BOLARIA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Amritsar West
|OM PARKASH SONI
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Anandpur Sahib
|SANT AJIT SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Attari
|GULZAR SINGH RANIKE
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Bagha Purana
|DARSHAN SINGH BRAR (KHOTE)
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Balachaur
|NAND LAL
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Balluana
|GURTEJ SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Banga
|MOHAN LAL
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Banur
|JASJIT SINGH BUNNY
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Barnala
|KEWAL SINGH DHILLON
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Batala
|JAGDISH SAHNI
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Beas
|MANJINDER SINGH KANG
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Bhadaur
|BALVIR SINGH GHUNAS
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Bhatinda
|HARMINDER SINGH JASSI
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Bholath
|SUKHPAL SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Budhlada
|MANGAT RAI BANSAL
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Chamkaur Sahib
|CHARANJIT SINGH CHANNI
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
!Dakala
|LAL SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Dakha
|DARSHAN SINGH SHIVALIK
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Dasuya
|AMARJIT SINGH SAHI
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Dhanaula
|KULDIP SINGH BHATHAL
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Dharamkot
|SEETAL SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Dhariwal
|SUCHA SINGH LANGAH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Dhuri
|IQBAL SINGH JHUNDAN
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
!Dina Nagar
|SITA RAM
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Dirbha
|SURJIT SINGH DHIMAN
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Faridkot
|AVTAR SINGH BRAR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Fatehgarh
|NIRMAL SINGH KAHLON
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Fazilka
|SURJEET KUMAR
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Firozepur
|SUKHPAL SINGH
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Firozepur Cantonment
|JANMEJA SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Garhdiwala
|DES RAJ DHUGGA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Garhshankar
|LOV KUMAR GOLDY
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Ghanaur
|MADAN LAL THEKEDAR
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
!Giddar Baha
|[[Manpreet Singh Badal|MANPREET SINGH BADAL]]
|[[People's Party of Punjab|P.P.P.]]
|-
!Gurdaspur
|GURBACHAN SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Guru Har Sahai
|GURMEET SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Hoshiarpur
|TIKSHAN SUD
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Jagraon
|GURDEEP SINGH BHAINI
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Jalalabad
|[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Jandiala
|MALKIAT SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Joga
|JAGDEEP SINGH NAKAI
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Jullundur Cantonment
|JAGBIR SINGH BRAR
|[[indian national congress]]
|-
!Jullundur Central
|MANORANJAN KALIA
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Jullundur North
|K.D. BHANDARI
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Jullundur South
|CHUNI LAL BHAGAT
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Kahnuwan
|SEWA SINGH SEKHWAN
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Kapurthala
|RANA RAJBANS KAUR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Kartarpur
|AVINASH CHANDER
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Khadoor Sahib
|MANJIT SINGH MIANWIND
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Khanna
|BIKRAMJIT SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Kharar
|BALBIR SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Kot Kapura
|RIPJIT SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Kum Kalan
|[[Ishar Singh Meharban|ISHAR SINGH MEHARBAN]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Lambi
|[[Parkash Singh Badal]]
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Lehra
|RAJINDER KAUR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Lohian
|AJIT SINGH KOHAR
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Ludhiana East
|SAT PAL GOSAIN
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Ludhiana North
|HARISH BEDI
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Ludhiana Rural
|HIRA SINGH GABRIA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Ludhiana West
|HARISH RAI DHANDA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Mahilpur
|SOHAN SINGH THANDAL
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Majitha
|BIKRAM SINGH MAJITHIA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Malerkotla
|RAZIA SULTANA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Malout
|HARPREET SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Mansa
|SHER SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Moga
|JOGINDER PAL JAIN
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Morinda
|UJAGGAR SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Mukerian
|ARUNESH KUMAR
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Muktsar
|KANWARJIT SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Nabha
|RANDEEP SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Nakodar
|AMARJIT SINGH SAMRA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Nangal
|KANWAR PAL SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Narot Mehra
|BISHAMBER DASS
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Nathana
|AJAIB SINGH BHATTI
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Naushahra Panwan
|RANJIT SINGH BRAHAMPURA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Nawan Shahr
|JATINDER SINGH KARIHA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Nihal Singh Wala
|AJIT SINGH
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
!Nurmahel
|RAJWINDER KAUR
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Panjgrain
|JOGINDER SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Pakka Kalan
|MAKHAN SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Pathankot
|MASTER MOHAN LAL
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Patiala
|[[Amarinder Singh]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Patti
|ADESH PARTAP SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Payal
|TEJ PARKASH SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Phagwara
|SWARNA RAM
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Phillaur
|SARWAN SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Qadian
|LAKHBIR SINGH LODHINANGAL
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Qila Raipur
|JASBIR SINGH KHANGURA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Raikot
|HARMOHINDER SINGH PARDHAAN
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Raja Sansi
|SUKHBINDER SINGH SARKARIA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Rajpura
|RAJ KHURANA
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Rampura Phul
|GURPREET SINGH KANGAR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Samana
|BRAHM MAHINDRA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Samrala
|JAGJIWAN SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Sangrur
|SURINDER PAL SINGH SIBIA
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Sardulgarh
|AJIT INDER SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Sham Chaurasi
|MOHINDER KAUR
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Sherpur
|HARCHAND KAUR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Shutrana
|NIRMAL SINGH
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Sirhind
|DIDAR SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Srihargobindpur
|CAPT. BALBIR SINGH BATH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Sujanpur
|DINESH SINGH
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Sultanpur
|UPINDERJIT KAUR
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Sunam
|PARMINDER SINGH DHINDSA
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Talwandi Sabo
|JEETMOHINDER SINGH SIDHU
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
!Tanda
|SANGAT SINGH GILZIAN
|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
!Tarn Taran
|HARMEET SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Valtoha
|VIRSA SINGH
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|Akali Dal]]
|-
!Verka
|DALBIR SINGH
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
!Zira
|NARESH KUMAR
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Terms of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|13th]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2007–2012| ]]

One World Media

2025-09-15T12:40:16Z

CryptoCurrencydon: content update

{{Short description|British charitable organization}}
'''One World Media''' is a non-profit organisation, registered in the UK as a charitable trust. It is based in London. The organisation describes its aim as supporting strong vibrant and independent media that empower citizens, promote justice and contribute to international development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5056741|title=Charity Commission One World Media Trust}}</ref>

The charities activities include: The One World Media Awards, OWM Fellowship,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/one-world-media-fellowship-2022/|title=One World Media Fellowship 2022|date=28 February 2022 }}</ref> Global Short Docs Forum<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org.ua/en/programmes/arts/film/gsdf-2019|title=GSDF 2019, British Council|access-date=2022-08-18|archive-date=2024-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404162201/https://www.britishcouncil.org.ua/en/programmes/arts/film/gsdf-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> and OWM Global Reporting Summit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/journalists-must-be-free-tell-stories-change-world|title=Journalists must be free to tell stories that change the world, Middle East Eye}}</ref>

==One World Media Awards==
The '''One World Media Awards'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/|title=Awards|website=One World Media|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> are for journalists and filmmakers who work on underreported stories from the global south. They recognise excellence in media coverage of the [[global south]] and its social and cultural life. They are presented annually in a ceremony in London. These prizes were described by news presenter [[Jon Snow (journalist)|Jon Snow]] as "the awards that people in the industry really want to win".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/5575881/Fergal-Keane-Trying-to-change-the-world-one-TV-screen-at-a-time.html|title=Fergal Keane: Trying to change the world, one TV screen at a time|last=Davies|first=Serena|date=2009-06-19|access-date=2019-06-05|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>

===2022 Awards===

The 2022 winners were recognised with an online nominees party and live event at BAFTA in London on 16 June 2022. Nominees from Bosnia, Nepal, India, Poland and France travelled to attend in person.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/2022-winners/|title=One World Media 2022 Awards}}</ref>

The Special Award was presented to TOLO news.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-178519|title=TOLOnews}}</ref>

===2012 Awards===
The One World Media Awards 2012 (24th year) took place on the evening of 8 May at [[Kings Place]], London.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/may/09/press-awards-guardian-observer|title=Press awards for Guardian and Observer journalists|last=Quinn|first=Ben|date=2012-05-09|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-06-05|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

{|border=1
!Category
!Winner<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/winners |title=oneworldmedia.org.uk, ''Winners'' |access-date=2012-05-20 |archive-date=2012-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084100/http://oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/winners |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!Organisation/Award to
|-
|Journalist of the Year
|[[Jamal Osman (journalist)|Jamal Osman]]
|[[ITN]] for [[Channel 4]]
|-
|Radio
|''Assignment - Haiti Cholera Epidemic''
|[[BBC World Service]]
|-
|Television
|''[[Sri Lanka's Killing Fields]]''
|ITN for Channel 4
|-
|Documentary
|''Sri Lanka's Killing Fields''
|ITN for Channel 4
|-
|New Media
|''Our Africa''
|[[SOS Children's Villages UK]]
|-
|News
|''Nato units left 61 migrants to die of hunger and thirst''
|''[[The Guardian]]''
|-
|Drama
|''[[Otelo Burning]]''
|Otelo Burning Films
|-
|Children's Rights
|''Africa Investigates: Spell of the Albino''
|[[InsightNewsTV]] for [[Al Jazeera English]]
|-
|Press
|''The Rape of Men''
|''[[The Observer]]''
|-
|Popular Features
|''Toughest Place to be a Binman''
|[[BBC Two]]
|-
|Sustainable Development
|''There Once Was An Island''
|On the Level Productions
|-
|Student
|''Bagong Silang''
|Zena Merton, Giselle Santos and Stefan Werc, [[London College of Communication]]
|-
|Special
|''Stolen Childhood''
|[[Adanech Admassu]] and Gem TV, Ethiopia
|}

===2013 Awards===
The 25th annual One World Media Awards took place on Tuesday 7 May at Kings Place in London.<ref name="oneworldmedia.org.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/awards/2013-winners/|title=2013 Winners|website=One World Media|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref>

{|border=1
!Category
!Winner<ref name="oneworldmedia.org.uk"/>
!Organisation/Award to
|-
|International Journalist of the Year
|[[Sue Lloyd-Roberts]]
|BBC Newsnight
|-
|Radio
|''Assignment/ Crossing Continents: Uzbekistan''
|BBC World
|-
|Television
|''Unreported World: The Master Chef of Mogadishu''
|Channel 4
|-
|Documentary
|''In The Shadow Of The Sun/ Storyville: The Albino Witchcraft Murders''
|Inroad Films and Century Films for BBC Storyville
|-
|New Voice
|Tahir Qadiry
|BBC Persian
|-
|News
|''Somali Justice''
|Channel 4 News
|-
|Press
|''Death Metal''
|Guardian Weekend Magazine
|-
|Student
|''Almost Famous''
|Vincent Du, Goldsmiths
|-
|Special
|Objective TV, Azerbaijan
|
|}

==Staff, trustees and patrons==
The current director is Gemma Bradshaw.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/about/ |website=One World Media |access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref>

The Trustees of One World Media are: <ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.oneworldmedia.org.uk/about/ |website=One World Media |access-date=28 June 2021}}</ref>

*[[Samir Shah]], Chief Executive and Creative Director of Juniper TV. (Chair)
*Charlotte Alfred, Investigative journalist and editor.
*Victoria Bridges, Documentary Producer & Director.
*Godfrey Cromwell, Member of the House of Lords.
*Juan Flames, Managing Director, Barclays.
*Monica Garnsey, Executive Producer in TV Current Affairs.
*Joel Kibazo, Founding Partner, JK Associates.
*Muriel Lamin, Head of Business Development, BBC World Service.
*Liliane Landor, Head of Foreign News, Channel 4.
*Carol Nahra, Professor, Journalist and Producer.

Current patrons of One World Media include [[Jon Snow (journalist)|Jon Snow]].
Previous patrons [[Zeinab Badawi]], [[Michael Buerk]] and [[Jonathan Dimbleby]].

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://oneworldmedia.org.uk/ Official site]
*[https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/may/11/one-world-media-awards-win Media coverage of One World Media Awards 2011 by the Guardian]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110527080526/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ariel/13358754 Media coverage of One World Media Awards 2011 by BBC Ariel]

{{DEFAULTSORT:One World Media}}
[[Category:Development charities based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Organisations based in the London Borough of Southwark]]
[[Category:Charities based in London]]

Chahar Gulshan

2025-09-05T02:43:26Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Stub

{{Short description|18th-century book by Rai Chatar Man Kayath}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Chahar Gulshan
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| author = Rai Chatar Man Kayath
| orig_lang_code = fa
| translator =
| country = [[Mughal Empire]]
| language = [[Persian language|Persian]]
| subject = History of India
| genre = non-fiction
| published = 1759 (manuscript)
| publisher =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource =
| notes =
}}
'''''Chahar Gulshan''''' ("Four Gardens") is an 18th-century [[Persian language]] book about the history of India. It was written by Rai Chatar Man Kayath of the [[Mughal Empire]] in 1759 CE. It is also known as ''Akhbar-un Nawadir'' or ''Akhbaru-l-Nawadir'' ("Accounts of Rare Things").<ref name="JS_1901">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/indiaofaurangzib034937mbp|title=India of Aurangzib |author=Jadunath Sarkar |publisher=Kinnera |date=1901 |pages=xv–xcvi |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar }}</ref>

== Date and authorship ==
The book was written by Rai Chatar Man Kayath, also known as Rai Chaturman Saksena Kayasth. The author was a [[Kayastha]] of the Saksinah (Saxena) clan. The preface states that the book was completed in 1173 [[Hijri year|A.H.]] (1759 CE), and was commissioned by [[Vizier|Wazir]] [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|Gazi-ud-din Khan]].<ref name="IH_7">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://kblibrary.bih.nic.in/Vol07/Bp017.htm |title=Indian History - Vol 7, No. 542 |chapter=Chahar Gulshan |pages=17–18 }}</ref>

''Chahar Gulshan'' was completed only a week before the author's death. His grandson Rai Chandrabhan Raizadah re-arranged the content and added a second preface to the book in 1789.<ref name="JS_1901"/> Raizada's copy is the earliest surviving manuscript, likely copied from the original.<ref name="Abha_2014" /> It is held in the [[Bodleian Library]], with the shelfmark MS Elliott 366.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MS. Elliott 366 (Bodleian Library, Oxford University) - Fihrist |url=https://www.fihrist.org.uk/catalog/manuscript_4369 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.fihrist.org.uk}}</ref><ref name="Abha_2014">{{cite journal |title=Book Review: Rai Chaturman Saksena Kayasth, Chahar Gulshan (Akhbar-un Nawadir) |journal=The Medieval History Journal |date=April 2014 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=188–190 |doi=10.1177/0971945814528428 |author=Abha Singh }}</ref>

== Content ==

The title of the book ("four gardens") refers to its four sections.<ref name="Abha_2014"/>

# ''Ahwal-i Padshahan-i Hindostan''
#* Description of the kings of [[Hindustan]] (northern India) from the legendary [[Yudhishthira]] to [[Shah Jahan II]]
#* Information on provinces ([[subah (country subdivision)|subahs]]) of the Mughal Empire, except those in [[Deccan]].
# ''Ayan-i subahjat-i junubistan''
#* Information on the provinces of the Deccan region
#* Information on the [[Deccan Sultanates|Deccan Sultans]]
# ''Musafat-o manazil''
#* Road maps with distances and list of ''[[caravanserai|sarai]]''s (roadside inns)
#* Topgraphy (Rivers, embankments, bridges and [[neher water system|canals]])
# ''Silasil fuqra‘-wa darveshan-i Hunud''
#* Description of [[dervish]]es and saints
#* Largely based on ''Akhabar al-Akhiyar'', but also contains some unique information on local saints

The book contains important statistical data, including total cultivated area, number of villages and [[Mahallah|mahal]]-wise revenue.<ref name="Abha_2014"/> However, these statistics are from a period earlier than the book's completion date, likely 1720 CE. By the time the book had been completed (1759 CE), the Mughal emperor was a figurehead. [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] had captured [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. The [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] had gained control of western Deccan and had crossed [[Narmada]]. Nizam-ul-Mulk [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asif Jah I|Asaf Jah I]], the Mughal viceroy of Deccan, had set up a practically independent state. The book itself states that statistics of Bijapur and Hyderabad are incomplete, as Asaf Jah I had carried away all the records.<ref name="JS_1901"/>

=== Section 1: Hindustan ===

The first ''gulshan'' contains information on the following provinces:<ref name="JS_1901"/>

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# [[Delhi Subah|Delhi]]:
#* Kings, saints, Hindu shrines, [[mela]]s, [[chhatri|chhatars]], rivers and canals, mines, province- and sarkar-level statistics
# [[Agra Subah|Agra]]
#* Rulers, saints, forts, buildings, Hindu shrines, rivers, mines, province- and sarkar-level statistics
# [[Lahore Subah|Punjab]]
#* Kings, saints, Hindu shrines, forts and buildings, mosques and gardens, [[doab]]s and rivers, mines, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Multan Subah|Multan]]
#* Rulers, saints, forts, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Thatta Subah|Thatta]]
#* Kings, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Kashmir Subah|Kashmir]]
#* Kings, lakes, hills, shrines, springs, mines, rivers, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Orissa Subah|Orissa]]
#* Saints, temples, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]]
#* Rulers, divisions and neighbouring countries, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Bihar Subah|Bihar]]
#* Kings and saints, rivers, Hindu shrines, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Allahabad Subah|Allahabad]]
#* Kings, saints, Hindu holy places, forts, mines, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Awadh Subah|Awadh]]
#* Holy tombs, kings and saints, Hindu holy places, other towns, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Ajmer Subah|Ajmer]]
#* Kings and saints, forts and mines, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Gujarat Subah|Gujarat]]
#* Kings and saints, Hindu holy places, cities, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Malwa Subah|Malwa]]
#* Kings, citites, provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Kabul Subah|Kabul]]
#* Description of [[Swat District|Swad]]
}}

=== Section 2: Deccan ===

The second ''gulshan'' contains information on the 6 provinces of Deccan:<ref name="JS_1901"/>

{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# [[Berar Subah|Berar]]
#* Provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Khandesh Subah|Khandesh]]
#* Provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Aurangabad Subah|Aurangabad]]
#* Provincial/detailed statistics, crops
# [[Bijapur Subah|Bijapur]]
#* Provincial/detailed statistics, Nagarkot fort, revenue in money
# [[Hyderabad Subah|Hyderabad]]
#* [[Siege of Golconda|Mughal conquest of Golconda]], Provincial/detailed statistics
# [[Bidar Subah|Bidar]]
#* Provincial/detailed statistics, industries and fruits
}}

This section also contains additional sub-sections on:<ref name="JS_1901"/>

* [[Deccan sultanates|Sultans of Deccan]]
* Forts of the Deccan provinces
* Saints of the Deccan provinces
* Hindu shrines, springs and rivers in Deccan

=== Section 3: Road book ===

The third ''gulshan'' describes the 24 important roads connecting the main cities of the Mughal Empire:<ref name="JS_1901"/>

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
# [[Agra]]-Delhi
# Delhi-[[Lahore]]
# Lahore-[[Gujrat City|Gujrat]]-[[Attock|Atak]]
# Atak-[[Kabul]]
# Kabul-[[Ghazni]]-[[Kandahar|Qandahar]]
# Gujrat-[[Srinagar]]
# Lahore-[[Multan]]
# Delhi-[[Ajmer]]
# Delhi-[[Bareilly]]-[[Benares]]-[[Patna]]
# Delhi-[[Kol Tehsil|Kol]]
# Agra-[[Allahabad]]
# [[Bijapur]]-[[Ujjain]]
# [[Sironj]]-[[Narwar]]
# [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]-Ujjain
# [[Golconda]]-[[Asirgarh Fort|Asir]]-[[Handia, Madhya Pradesh|Hindia]]
# Hindia-[[Sironj]]
# Narwar-Gwalior-[[Dholpur]]
# Dholpur-Agra
# Multan-[[Bhakkar]]
# Srinagar-Atak
# Ajmer-[[Ahmedabad]]
# Surkhab-Kabul
# Qandahar-Atak
# Qandahar-Multan
}}

=== Section 4 ===

The fourth ''gulshan'' describes "Hindu [[fakir|faqirs]]" (including the [[Sikh Guru]]s) and Muslim saints.<ref name="JS_1901"/>

== Writing style ==

The ''Chahar Gulshan'' is a condensed book of history. Unlike the contemporary Persian-language works that featured flowerly language, it contains short and simple sentences. [[Jadunath Sarkar]] remarked that the book appears to be a "set of notes" rather than a finished treatise.<ref name="JS_1901"/>

== Translations and ''editio princeps'' ==

A partial English translation of the book was published in [[Jadunath Sarkar]]'s ''India of Aurangzib'' (1901).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQFvks7lahoC&pg=PA69 |title= Bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial India |author=Gyan Prakash |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=9780521526586 |page=69 |author-link= Gyan Prakash }}</ref> However, his translation has several statistical errors, because he misinterpreted the ''raqam'' notation used in the original work.<ref name="Abha_2014"/> In addition, Sarkar omitted several parts. For example:<ref name="JS_1901"/>
* the "vague and rhetorical" details of fairs and amusements
* "dry and short" chronicles of kings
* chronicles that "disturbed the holy repose" of the saints (including the entire Section 4)

Muhammad Riazuddin Khan translated the work into [[Hindi]] (1990, [[Tonk, India|Tonk]]). This work contained an ''[[editio princeps]]'' of the original manuscript, which was not annotated and edited.<ref name="Abha_2014"/>

In 2011, the [[National Mission for Manuscripts]] published a version annotated and edited by Chander Shekhar. This version was based on five manuscripts:<ref name="Abha_2014"/>

# [[National Museum, New Delhi|National Museum]] [[New Delhi]] (1794)
# [[Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library]], [[Patna]] (1803)
# [[Salar Jung Museum]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] (1811)
# [[Maulana Azad Library]], [[Aligarh]] (not dated)
# [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Arabic Persian Research]], [[Tonk, India|Tonk]] (not dated)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091657/http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2015/472335 Chahar Gulshan]'' at [[Digital Library of India]]
* ''[https://archive.org/details/indiaofaurangzib034937mbp India of Aurangzib]'' by Jadunath Sarkar; includes a partial translation of ''Chahar Gulshan''

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1759 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1789 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:18th-century history books]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:18th-century manuscripts]]
[[Category:Books about the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:18th-century Persian books]]
[[Category:Indian chronicles]]

Visuvasampatti

2025-08-15T23:03:54Z

CryptoCurrencydon: Put Up Initial Details Basic Info - done

{{Short description|Village in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Visuvasampatti
| official_name = Visuvasapatti
| native_name = விசுவாசம்பட்டி
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Visuvasampatti.jpg
| image_alt = Road Side Sign board which indicates this village name
| image_caption = Road Side Sign board which indicates this village name
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|12.3184|N|78.5831|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kongu Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Krishnagiri district|Krishnagiri]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Thaluk]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Uthangarai taluk|Uthangarai]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Panchayat samiti|Block]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Uthangarai block|Uthangarai]]
| subdivision_type6 = [[Gram panchayat|Panchayat]]
| subdivision_name6 = Maganoorpatti <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/644179-maganurpatti-tamil-nadu.html|title=Maganurpatti Village Population - Uthangarai - Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu|website=census2011.co.in|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = Secondary
| demographics1_info2 = 
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 635307 <ref name="pincode">{{cite web|url=https://pincode.net.in/635307|website=pincode.net.in|title=Pin Code: 635307, List of Post Offices, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>
| postal2_code_type = [[Post Office]]
| postal2_code = Andiyur
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-4341
| registration_plate = TN 83M
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Krishnagiri Lok Sabha constituency|Krishnagiri]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] Member
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[A. Chellakumar]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Uthangarai Assembly constituency|Uthangarai]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/tamil-nadu-election-results-2021/tn-uthangarai-constituency-51.html | title=uthangarai Election Result 2021 | date=2 May 2021 }}</ref>
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] Member
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[T. M. Tamilselvam]]
}}

'''Visuvasampatti''', also spelled ''Visuvasapatti'', is a village located 12 km from the major village [[Uthangarai]],<ref name="csclocator">{{cite web|url=https://www.csclocator.com/csc/tamil-nadu/krishnagiri/uthangarai/126721|title=Common Services Center {{pipe}} Krishnagiri {{pipe}} Uthangarai {{pipe}} Tamil Nadu {{pipe}} CSC Center {{pipe}} VLE centers|website=CSCLocator.com|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref> Tamil Nadu, India. 22 km away from Neighbor District capital [[Tirupattur]].

Visuvasampatti holds a unique cultural identity, heavily influenced by the presence of Catholic [[missionaries]] who settled in the village over a century ago. As a result, the village has a notable population of Catholics who actively participate in religious rituals and festivities. The missionaries not only brought the [[Catholic]] faith but also played an integral role in establishing educational institute in the village.<ref name="schools">{{cite web|url=https://schools.org.in/krishanagiri/33310909801/pups-visuvasampatti.html|title=Pups Visuvasampatti - Visuvasampatti, District Krishanagiri (Tamil Nadu)|website=schools.org.in|access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tirupattur]]
*[[Uthangarai]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Krishnagiri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishnagiri district]]