https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Commercial+Noida 2026-08-05T03:58:47Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armori_Assembly_constituency&diff=487503 2026-04-26T16:09:04Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new new article!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Armori<br /> | constituency_no = 67<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | state = [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | map_image = 67-Armori.svg<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Gadchiroli–Chimur Lok Sabha constituency|Gadchiroli-Chimur]]<br /> | district = [[Gadchiroli district|Gadchiroli]]<br /> | established = 1962<br /> | reservation = ST <br /> | mla = [[Ramdas Maluji Masram]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}<br /> | alliance = {{Party index link|Maha Vikas Aghadi}}<br /> | electors =262,977 <br /> }}<br /> '''Armori Assembly constituency''', formerly known as '''Armoor''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in central [[India]].&lt;ref name=delimitation2008&gt;{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&amp;type=order&amp;filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Overview==<br /> Armori is one of the three Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in [[Gadchiroli district]].&lt;ref name=ceo&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=11 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and comprises the entire Desaiganj (Wadsa), Armori, Kurkheda and Korchi [[tehsil]]s and part of Dhanora tehsil of the district. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Adivasi|Scheduled tribes]].&lt;ref name=ceo/&gt;<br /> <br /> Armori is part of the [[Gadchiroli-Chimur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gadchiroli-Chimur Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Gadchiroli Assembly constituency|Gadchiroli]] and [[Aheri Assembly constituency|Aheri]] in [[Gadchiroli district]], [[Brahmapuri Assembly constituency|Brahmapuri]] and [[Chimur Assembly constituency|Chimur]] in [[Chandrapur district]] and [[Amgaon Assembly constituency|Amgaon]] in [[Gondia district]].&lt;ref name=ceo/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Tadurwar Krishnaya Venkayya || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | Jagannath Temsaji Patil Mhashakhetri<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | Dinaji Narnaware<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> | Baburao Madavi<br /> |-<br /> | [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]<br /> | Dinaji Narnaware<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | Baburao Madavi<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> | Sukhdebbabu Weekey<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian Congress (Socialist)|dab=yes}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> | Hariram Warkhade<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Ramkrushna Madavi<br /> |-<br /> | [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Anandrao Gedam<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Krishna Damaji Gajbe|Krishna Gajbe]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<br /> | [[Ramdas Maluji Masram|Ramdas Masram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === Assembly Election 2024 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref name=&quot;Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Armori&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Armori |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1367.htm |access-date=11 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211172941/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1367.htm |archive-date=11 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Ramdas Maluji Masram]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 98,509 |percentage = 48.88% |change = {{increase}}18.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Krishna Damaji Gajbe]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 92,299 |percentage = 45.80% |change = {{increase}}3.53 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anil (Kranti) Tularam Kerami |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,438 |percentage = 1.71% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,954 |percentage = 0.97% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chetan Nevasha Katenge |party = Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram) |votes = 1,927 |percentage = 0.96% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mohandas Ganpat Puram |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 1,808 |percentage = 0.90% |change = {{decrease}}3.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,762 |percentage = 0.87% |change = {{decrease}}1.18 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,210 |percentage = 3.08% |change = {{decrease}}9.12 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 203,296 |percentage = 77.31% |change = {{increase}}5.10 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 201,534}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 262,977 |ref = |change = {{increase}}3.80 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.61 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2019 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends &amp; Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Krishna Damaji Gajbe]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 75,077 |percentage = 42.27% |change = {{increase}}6.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,410 |percentage = 30.07% |change = {{increase}}1.81 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandel Jayendrasingh Bajrangsingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,027 |percentage = 14.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Lalsay Korcha |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 7,565 |percentage = 4.26% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 3,650 |percentage = 2.05% |change = {{decrease}}0.42 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Balkrushna Shriram Sadmake |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 3,454 |percentage = 1.94% |change = {{decrease}}7.36 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dilip Haridas Parchake |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 3,356 |percentage = 1.89% |change = {{decrease}}1.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dudhakuwar Nanaji Gopala |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,149 |percentage = 1.77% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baguji Kewalram Tadam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,016 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shree Mukesh Soguram Narote |party = Vidarbha Rajya Aghadi |votes = 1,615 |percentage = 0.91% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,667 |percentage = 12.20% |change = {{increase}}4.65 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 182,938 |percentage = 72.21% |change = {{decrease}}0.16 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 177,621}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 253,349 |ref = |change = {{increase}}6.03 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}6.46 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2014 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref name=&quot;election2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Krishna Damaji Gajbe]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,413 |percentage = 35.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 47,680 |percentage = 28.26% |change = {{decrease}}0.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Komal Ravi Barsagde (Tadam) |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 15,697 |percentage = 9.30% |change = {{decrease}}0.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Ramkrushna Hariji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 14,224 |percentage = 8.43% |change = {{decrease}}3.24 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandel Jayendrasingh Bajrangsingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,490 |percentage = 5.63% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandubhau Narote |party = Independent politician |votes = 8,090 |percentage = 4.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hiralal Govinda Yerame |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,641 |percentage = 3.34% |change = {{decrease}}0.26 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 4,162 |percentage = 2.47% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,733 |percentage = 7.55% |change = {{increase}}3.72 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 172,917 |percentage = 72.37% |change = {{increase}}1.82 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 168,696}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 238,937 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.14 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}7.38 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2009 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 41,257 |percentage = 28.43% |change = {{decrease}}9.40 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Chandel Jayendrasingh Bajrangsingh |party = Independent politician |votes = 35,702 |percentage = 24.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Randhaye Shravan Sitaram |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 16,933 |percentage = 11.67% |change = {{decrease}}17.17 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dhurve Daulat Damaji |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 14,239 |percentage = 9.81% |change = {{decrease}}11.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Warkhade Hariram Atmaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,905 |percentage = 8.20% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Ramkrushna Hariji |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,828 |percentage = 8.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Avinash Govinda Narnaware |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 5,228 |percentage = 3.60% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jambhule Madhukar Somaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,940 |percentage = 1.34% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,555 |percentage = 3.83% |change = {{decrease}}5.16 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 145,153 |percentage = 70.55% |change = {{decrease}}3.35 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 145,132}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 205,731 |ref = |change = {{increase}}7.29 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}9.40 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 2004 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 53,567 |percentage = 37.83% |change = {{increase}}7.86 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Ramkrushna Hariji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 40,841 |percentage = 28.84% |change = {{decrease}}1.46 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandubhau Narote |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 29,736 |percentage = 21.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dharne Shamrao Adkuji |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,489 |percentage = 5.29% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Krishnabhau Kohchade |party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 3,104 |percentage = 2.19% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hiralal Govinda Yerame |party = Peoples Republican Party |votes = 2,688 |percentage = 1.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Katenge Ramsuram Bisram |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,572 |percentage = 1.82% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Usendi Mansaram Narsing |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party |votes = 1,606 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,726 |percentage = 8.99% |change = {{increase}}8.65 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 141,692 |percentage = 73.90% |change = {{decrease}}0.98 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 141,603}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,744 |ref = |change = {{increase}}10.77 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}7.53 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1999 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Ramkrushna Hariji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 36,410 |percentage = 30.30% |change = {{increase}}2.45 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 36,004 |percentage = 29.97% |change = {{increase}}19.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Nandu Najukrao Narote |party = Independent politician |votes = 16,439 |percentage = 13.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Warkhade Hariram Atmaram |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 14,279 |percentage = 11.88% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uike Sukhdeobabu Pundlik |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,115 |percentage = 5.09% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shrirang Baburao Dhakate |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,366 |percentage = 4.47% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sayam Modku Mahaguji |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,818 |percentage = 1.51% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hiralal Govinda Yerame |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,461 |percentage = 1.22% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 406 |percentage = 0.34% |change = {{decrease}}9.28 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 129,612 |percentage = 74.88% |change = {{decrease}}13.48 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 120,146}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,102 |ref = |change = {{increase}}4.05 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{increase}}2.45 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1995 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Ramkrushna Hariji |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 38,947 |percentage = 27.85% |change = {{decrease}}15.09 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Anandrao Gangaram Gedam |party = Independent politician |votes = 25,499 |percentage = 18.24% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Uike Sukhdeobabu Pundlik |party = Independent politician |votes = 24,787 |percentage = 17.73% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Warkhade Hariram Atmaram |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,880 |percentage = 10.64% |change = {{decrease}}23.08 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Markam Rajendra Singh Shamsunder Singh Thakur |party = Independent politician |votes = 9,396 |percentage = 6.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gawale Bajoji Dhiraji |party = Janata Dal |votes = 6,299 |percentage = 4.50% |change = {{decrease}}11.51 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramkrushna Somaji Nannaware |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,914 |percentage = 2.80% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Madavi Devanand Tulshiram |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,795 |percentage = 2.00% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,448 |percentage = 9.62% |change = {{increase}}0.40 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 147,002 |percentage = 88.36% |change = {{increase}}30.28 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 139,827}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,369 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.28 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |swing = {{decrease}}15.09 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Warkhade Hariram Atmaram |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 36,518 |percentage = 42.94% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Weakey Sukhadeobabu Pundalik |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 28,681 |percentage = 33.72% |change = {{increase}}8.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Markam Rajendra Singh Shamsunder Singh Thakur |party = Janata Dal |votes = 13,613 |percentage = 16.01% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Usendi Mukharu Sundersha |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,436 |percentage = 4.04% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raut Keshaw Hiraman |party = Independent politician |votes = 981 |percentage = 1.15% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Taram Sitaram Madho |party = Independent politician |votes = 963 |percentage = 1.13% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pendam Parasram Mangaruji |party = Independent politician |votes = 686 |percentage = 0.81% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,837 |percentage = 9.22% |change = {{decrease}}33.53 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 86,832 |percentage = 58.08% |change = {{decrease}}4.33 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 85,045}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 149,510 |ref = |change = {{increase}}23.92 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian Congress (Socialist) |swing = {{decrease}}25.49 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Weakey Sukhadeobabu Pundalik |party = Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 50,356 |percentage = 68.43% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Narayan Madavi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 18,895 |percentage = 25.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gendam Ganesh Hiraman |party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 4,341 |percentage = 5.90% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 31,461 |percentage = 42.75% |change = {{decrease}}3.36 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 75,298 |percentage = 62.41% |change = {{increase}}17.64 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 73,592}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 120,647 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.23 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian Congress (Socialist) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing = {{increase}}2.60 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1980 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Narayan Madavi |party = Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 31,352 |percentage = 65.83% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Pradhan Krushnarao Bapu Bhagirath Bapu |party = Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 9,389 |percentage = 19.71% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Weakey Sukhadeobabu Pundalik |party = Janata Party |votes = 6,886 |percentage = 14.46% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,963 |percentage = 46.11% |change = {{increase}}29.28 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 49,451 |percentage = 44.77% |change = {{decrease}}20.04 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 47,627}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 110,455 |ref = |change = {{increase}}5.06 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing = {{increase}}19.31 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1978 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Narnaware Dinaji Vithobaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 30,374 |percentage = 46.52% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Weakey Sukhadeobabu Pundalik |party = Independent politician |votes = 19,384 |percentage = 29.69% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Narayan Madavi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 12,873 |percentage = 19.72% |change = {{decrease}}51.47 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Markam Rajendra Singh Shamsunder Singh Thakur |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,322 |percentage = 3.56% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 10,990 |percentage = 16.83% |change = {{decrease}}34.68 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 68,135 |percentage = 64.81% |change = {{increase}}17.11 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 65,295}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 105,133 |ref = |change = {{increase}}9.15 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}24.67 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1972 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Baburao Narayan Madavi |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 31,439 |percentage = 71.19% |change = {{increase}}31.38 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sukhdeobabu Wuyeeke |party = Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 8,692 |percentage = 19.68% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Hiraman Benduji Warkhade |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,028 |percentage = 9.12% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 22,747 |percentage = 51.51% |change = {{increase}}46.17 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 45,943 |percentage = 47.70% |change = {{decrease}}2.83 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 44,159}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,317 |ref = |change = {{increase}}12.65 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}31.38 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1967 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = D. V. Narnavare |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 15,707 |percentage = 39.81% |change = {{decrease}}21.72 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. S. Uikey |party = Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 13,601 |percentage = 34.47% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Raja F. S. Sayam |party = Independent politician |votes = 10,148 |percentage = 25.72% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,106 |percentage = 5.34% |change = {{decrease}}17.72 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 43,200 |percentage = 50.53% |change = {{decrease}}8.38 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 39,456}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,500 |ref = |change = {{increase}}16.83 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}21.72 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1962 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Armori &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mhashakhetri Jagannath Temsaji |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 23,500 |percentage = 61.53% |change = {{increase}}3.12 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Kosare Hiraman Lahanu |party = Republican Party of India |votes = 14,692 |percentage = 38.47% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,808 |percentage = 23.06% |change = {{decrease}}7.79 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 43,111 |percentage = 58.91% |change = {{decrease}}4.41 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 38,192}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,181 |ref = |change = {{increase}}11.56 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{increase}}3.12 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === Assembly Election 1957 ===<br /> {{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Armoor &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Tadurwar Krishnaya Venkayya |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 24,261 |percentage = 58.41% |change = {{increase}}17.96 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Neral Narayanrao Balaji |party = Independent politician |votes = 11,449 |percentage = 27.56% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mhaske Shrihari Banaji |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 5,825 |percentage = 14.02% |change = ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes = 12,812 |percentage = 30.85% |change = {{increase}}11.75 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes = 41,535 |percentage = 63.32% |change = {{increase}}12.98 }}<br /> {{Election box total valid |votes= 41,535}}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,599 |ref = |change = {{increase}}30.92 }}<br /> {{Election box gain |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |swing = {{decrease}}1.14 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Armori]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|20|27|57.38|N|79|59|12.22|E|region:IN|display=title}}<br /> <br /> {{Gadchiroli district topics}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Gadchiroli district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]<br /> [[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jan_Suraaj_Party&diff=505612 2026-04-21T15:43:12Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian political party<br /> | party_name = Jan Suraaj Party<br /> | colorcode = #ffcd19<br /> | symbol = [[File:Indian Election Symbol School Bag.png|170px]] &lt;br /&gt; School bag <br /> | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2024|10|02}} {{small|(''as Jan Suraaj Party'')}}<br /> ----{{Start date and age|df=yes|2022|05|02}} {{small|(''as Jan Suraaj Abhiyan'')}}<br /> ----<br /> | abbreviation = JSP<br /> | ideology = [[Gandhism]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Social liberalism]] <br /> | headquarters = Suite No. 2, 1st Floor, Dakshineshwar Building, 10 Hailey Road, New Delhi-110001<br /> | logo = Jan Suraaj Party logo.png<br /> | founder = [[Prashant Kishor]]<br /> | eci = [[List of political parties in India#Unrecognised parties|RUPP]]<br /> | website = {{URL|https://www.jansuraaj.org/}}<br /> | loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}}}}<br /> | rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}}}}<br /> | state2_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | state2_seats = {{Composition bar|0|243|hex={{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}}}}<br /> | state_seats_name = [[Bihar Legislative Council]]<br /> | state_seats = {{Composition bar|1|75|hex={{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}}}}<br /> | slogan=''Sahī lōga, sahī sōca aura sāmūhika prayāsa''&lt;br/&gt;(''{{translation|Right people, right thinking, and collective effort}}'')<br /> | colours = {{Color box|{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}}}} Yellow<br /> | president = [[Uday Singh]] (''National'') &lt;br /&gt; <br /> [[Manoj Bharti]] (''Bihar'')|Political position=[[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]]|spokesperson=[[Pavan Varma]] and Yaduvansh Giri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/jansuraajonline/status/1913144914218545260|title=महत्वपूर्ण सूचना - जन सुराज पार्टी के विचारों एवं पक्ष को प्रेस / मीडिया में रखने के लिए पार्टी के ओर से राष्ट्रीय मुख्य प्रवक्ता श्री पवन वर्मा और श्री वाई वी गिरी अधिकृत हैं।<br /> |date=18 April 2025|access-date=23 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | flag =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Jan Suraaj Party''' ({{Literal|People's Good Governance Party}}; {{Small|abbr.}} '''JSP''') is an [[List of political parties in India|Indian political party]] founded by [[Prashant Kishor]] on 2 October 2024, coinciding with [[Gandhi Jayanti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 October 2024 |title=Prashant Kishor officially launches Jan Suraaj Party in Patna |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/prashant-kishor-officially-launches-jan-suraaj-party-in-patna/articleshow/113877975.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2 October 2024 |work=The Economic Times |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rooted in [[Gandhism|Gandhian principles]] and [[social liberalism]], the party positions itself at the [[Centrism|centre]] to [[centre-left]] of the political spectrum, and seeks to function in the spirit of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]’s leadership acted as a broad-based [[Indian independence movement|people’s movement]].<br /> <br /> The party emerged from the ''Jan Suraaj Abhiyan'', a grassroots movement initiated by Kishor to engage with the [[Biharis|people of Bihar]] and develop a governance roadmap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2 October 2024 |title=Prashant Kishor announces Jan Suraaj as a political party |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prashant-kishor-floats-jan-suraaj-party/article68709481.ece |access-date=27 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was followed by a statewide ''[[padayatra|padyatra]]'' that began on 2 October 2022 from the Gandhi Ashram in [[Champaran]], the site of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]’s [[Champaran Satyagraha|1917 satyagraha]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chaurasia |first= Manoj |date=5 May 2022 |title=Prashant Kishor to undertake 3,000 km-long padyatra to transform face of Bihar |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/prashant-kishor-undertake-3000-km-long-padyatra-transform-face-bihar-1503068542.html |work=The Statesman |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first= Amarnath |title=Prashant Kishor embarks on 3,500 km 'padyatra' from Gandhi ashram in Bihar's Champaran |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/prashant-kishor-embarks-on-3500-km-padyatra-from-gandhi-ashram-in-bihars-champaran/article65963069.ece | date=2 October 2022 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt; culminating in a launch event in [[Patna]], that drew a crowd of over 200,000 people, marking the formal transition of Kishor’s Jan Suraaj Abhiyan into a political organisation.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> === Formation and early initiatives ===<br /> After his successful [[Political campaign|election campaigns]] in [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal]] and [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|Tamil Nadu]] in May 2021, Kishor announced his retirement as an election strategist on live television, stating, &quot;I do not want to continue what I am doing. I have done enough. Time for me to take a break and do something else in life. I want to quit this space.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=After Bengal victory, Prashant Kishor retires from election management |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-polls-2021/story/prashant-kishor-retires-election-management-bengal-election-1798049-2021-05-02 |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> About a year later, on 2 May 2022, [[Prashant Kishor]] hinted at the formation of a political outfit through a [[Tweet (social media)|tweet]] stating, ''&quot;It’s time to go to the Real Masters, The People,&quot;'' and advocating for ''&quot;Jan Suraaj—People’s Good Governance.&quot;''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Time To Go To The Real Masters&quot;: Prashant Kishor's Cryptic New Tweet |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/prashant-kishor-teases-new-move-after-congress-dud-starting-with-bihar-2938210 |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 5 May 2022, he formally launched the ''Jan Suraaj Abhiyan'' in a [[press conference]] in [[Patna]], declaring his intention to undertake a 3,500+ km [[Padayatra|padyatra]] across [[Bihar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2022 |title=Prashant Kishor says no political party for now, announces 'padyatra' in Bihar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/prashant-kishor-padyatra-bihar-political-party-7902317/ |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between May and October 2022, Kishor travelled extensively across the state, meeting people from diverse backgrounds to understand their concerns and formulate a long-term governance strategy.<br /> <br /> == Padyatra and party formation ==<br /> The Jan Suraaj Padyatra commenced on [[Gandhi Jayanti|2 October 2022]] from Gandhi Ashram, [[Bhitiharwa Ashram railway station|Bhitiharwa]], [[West Champaran district|West Champaran]]. Over the next two years, Kishor and his team visited 5,000+ villages, engaging with local communities to identify key issues and draft a 10-year development roadmap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Tewary |first=Amarnath |date=2 October 2022 |title=Prashant Kishor embarks on 3,500 km 'padyatra' from Gandhi ashram in Bihar's Champaran |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/prashant-kishor-embarks-on-3500-km-padyatra-from-gandhi-ashram-in-bihars-champaran/article65963069.ece |access-date=27 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |agency=ANI |date=22 May 2025 |title=Jan Suraaj Founder Prashant Kishor says, &quot;I have been going across Bihar for the last 3 years, including 2 years on foot |url=https://x.com/ANI/status/1925561887959523566 |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The campaign had three stated goals:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Padyatra: A step towards change, A direction towards development. |url=https://www.jansuraaj.org/padyatra?lang=en |access-date=27 November 2024 |website=Jan Suraaaj}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> # '''Identifying capable individuals at the grassroots level''' with the help of society and offering them a democratic platform.<br /> # '''Understanding local problems and opportunities''' to draft priorities for towns and panchayats and create a blueprint for their development.<br /> # '''Preparing a vision document for the next 15 years''', incorporating suggestions from experts and the community on ten key areas: education, health, employment, economic development, agriculture, industry, and social justice.<br /> <br /> During this period, several initiatives were launched, including PK Youth Clubs, aimed at training young individuals to enter politics through the [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayati Raj]] system.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Youth Club: Skills, Leadership, Change |url=https://www.jansuraaj.org/youth-club?lang=en |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=Jan Suraaaj}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Party formation ===<br /> On 2 October 2024, Kishor officially announced the formation of the Jan Suraaj Party, claiming a membership base of 1 crore individuals. Retired [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]] officer [[Manoj Bharti]] was appointed as the first Bihar State President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ex Diplomat, IIT Grad Is Working President Of Prashant Kishor's New Party |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/manoj-bharti-former-diplomat-iit-graduate-is-prashant-kishor-new-jan-suraaj-party-working-president-6701848 |access-date=27 November 2024 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 19 May 2025, the 150-member state core committee unanimously elected [[Uday Singh]], a former two-term [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] from [[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]], as the Party's 1st National President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2025 |title=Prashant Kishor Appoints Ex-BJP MP Uday Singh As Jan Suraaj's First National President |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bihar-assembly-elections-prashant-kishor-named-uday-singh-as-jan-suraaj-party-s-president-1773418 |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=ABP |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Office holders===<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2 style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|No.<br /> !rowspan=2 style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Portrait<br /> !rowspan=2 style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Name<br /> !colspan=3 style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Term in office<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Assumed office<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Left office<br /> !style=&quot;background-color:#FFD700; color:black;&quot;|Time in office<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> | [[File:Prashant Kishor during a press conference on Bihar Assembly elections.jpg|106x106px]]<br /> |'''Prashant Kishor'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Founder&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |2 October 2024<br /> |''Incumbent''<br /> |{{age in years and days|2024|10|02}}<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> |[[file:Manoj Kumar Bharti - 16112904.jpg|100px]]<br /> |'''Manoj Bharti'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Bihar State President&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |2 October 2024<br /> |''Incumbent''<br /> |{{age in years and days|2024|10|02}}<br /> |-<br /> !3<br /> | <br /> |'''Uday Singh'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;National President&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |19 May 2025<br /> |''Incumbent''<br /> |{{age in years and days|2025|05|19}}<br /> |-<br /> !4<br /> |[[File:Pavan Varma 2005.jpg|100px]]<br /> |'''[[Pavan Varma]]'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;National Chief Spokesperson&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |23 January 2025<br /> |''Incumbent''<br /> |{{age in years and days|2025|01|23}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Electoral Performance==<br /> JSP tasted electoral success for the first time in the Bihar legislative council bypolls (April 2023), when Jan Suraaj-backed Afaq Ahmad was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|Member of Legislative Council]] from Saran district (Teachers Constituency).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Dipak |date=28 April 2023 |title=As PK's Jan Suraaj yatra meanders through Bihar, 1st electoral success spurs hope of 'impact in 2025 polls' |url=https://theprint.in/politics/as-pks-jan-suraaj-yatra-meanders-through-bihar-1st-electoral-success-spurs-hope-of-impact-in-2025-polls/1544727/ |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Bihar by-elections (November 2024)===<br /> The Jan Suraaj Party made its electoral debut in the Bihar by-elections held on 13 November 2024, contesting four assembly constituencies: [[Belaganj Assembly constituency|Belaganj]], [[Imamganj Assembly constituency|Imamganj]] (SC), [[Ramgarh, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]], and [[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]. According to the Election Commission of India, the party's performance was as follows:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |+ Jan Suraaj Party – Bihar By-elections November 2024<br /> |-<br /> ! Constituency !! Candidate !! Votes Polled !! Vote Share !! Position<br /> |-<br /> | [[Belaganj Assembly constituency|Belaganj]]|| Mohammad Amjad || 17,285 || 10.66% || 3rd<br /> |-<br /> | [[Imamganj Assembly constituency|Imamganj]] (SC) || Jitendra Paswan || 37,103 || 22.46% || 3rd<br /> |-<br /> | [[Ramgarh, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ramgarh]]|| Sushil Kumar Singh || 6,513 || 6.30% || 4th<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]|| Kiran Singh || 5,592 || 3.48% || 3rd<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Bihar Assembly Elections ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color: white&quot; |Election<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color: white&quot; |Vidhan sabha<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color:white&quot; |Seats contested<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color:white&quot; |Seats won / Seats Contested<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color:white&quot; |Overall vote %<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color:white&quot; |Vote swing<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Jan Suraaj Party}};color:white&quot; |Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|18th Assembly]]<br /> |238<br /> |{{Composition bar|0|238}}<br /> |3.44%<br /> |{{new}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gera |first=Ishaan |date=14 November 2025 |title=Jan Suraaj edges CPI(ML)(L) in vote share, but struggles to beat NOTA in over 25% of its seats |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/jan-suraaj-edges-cpi-ml-l-in-vote-share-but-struggles-to-beat-nota-in-over-25-of-its-seats-13676997.html |url-status=live |access-date=14 November 2025 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election ==<br /> Jan Suraaj party had contested on 238 seats in the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly]] elections. It failed to win a single seat, registering a vote share percentage of 3.44%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The party registered fewer votes than [[None of the above]] in 68 constituencies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> On 16 October, Prashant Kishor announced that he himself would not be contesting in the Bihar elections. PK had hinted earlier was looking at [[Raghopur Assembly constituency|Raghopur]] as a possible seat for himself.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 October 2025 |title=Prashant Kishor will not contest, Jan Suraaj leader puts hand up for Tejashwi seat |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/i-will-not-contest-bihar-assembly-polls-will-work-to-strengthen-jan-suraaj-party-prashant-kishor-10307998/ |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Neelam |date=15 October 2025 |title=Why PK decided not to contest Bihar polls, and what it means for Jan Suraaj &amp; its rivals |url=https://theprint.in/?p=2764468 |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.jansuraaj.org/ Official Website]<br /> <br /> {{Indian political parties}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Political parties established in 2024]]<br /> [[Category:2024 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Political parties in India]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Bihar]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khategaon_Assembly_constituency&diff=509654 2026-04-16T04:34:38Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting new article added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | name = Khategaon<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 173<br /> | map_image = 173-Khategaon.svg<br /> | state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | district = [[Dewas]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vidisha]]<br /> | established = 1972<br /> | reservation = None<br /> | mla = [[Aashish Govind Sharma]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> | preceded_by = Brijmohan Dhoot<br /> }}<br /> '''Khategaon''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;election2013&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&amp;constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018-2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/khategaon.html|title=Khategaon (Madhya Pradesh) Election Results 2018, Current and Previous MLA|website=www.elections.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is part of [[Dewas district]]. As of 2023, its representative is [[Aashish Govind Sharma]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref name=election2018/&gt;{{update after|2029|1}}<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madhya Bharat Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | Kailash Chandra Giri<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Election<br /> !Name<br /> !colspan=2|Party<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> |Narmadaprasad Govind Ram Kinkar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<br /> |Manjulabai Vagle<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Narmadaprasad Govind Ram Kinkar<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<br /> |Ganpat Patel<br /> |-<br /> |[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<br /> |Govind<br /> |-<br /> |[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<br /> |Kailash Ramchander Kundal<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<br /> |Brijmohan Badrinarayan<br /> |{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=6}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Brijmohan Dhoot]]&lt;ref name=&quot;election2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]&lt;ref name=election2013 name=&quot;election2013-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3740-madhya-pradesh-2013/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=3|[[Aashish Govind Sharma]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]&lt;ref name=election2018/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> === 2023 ===<br /> {{Election box begin<br /> |title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Khategaon&lt;ref name=&quot;election2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |candidate = [[Aashish Govind Sharma]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:98629}}<br /> |percentage = 51.35<br /> |change = +9.58<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |candidate = Deepak Kelash Joshi<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:86087}}<br /> |percentage = 44.82<br /> |change = +7.56<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)<br /> |candidate = Gokul Prasad Hariyale<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1999}}<br /> |percentage = 1.04<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:1642}}<br /> |percentage = 0.85<br /> |change = -0.34<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:12542}}<br /> |percentage = 6.53<br /> |change = +2.02<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:192077}}<br /> |percentage = 81.49<br /> |change = -1.62<br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |loser = <br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2018 ===<br /> {{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: &lt;ref name=election2018 name=&quot;election2018-3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9685-madhya-pradesh-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2018 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=30 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;election2018&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Aashish Govind Sharma]]<br /> |party = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:71984}}<br /> |percentage = 41.77<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Om Patel]]<br /> |party = Indian National Congress<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:64212}}<br /> |percentage = 37.26<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |candidate = [[Mohan Patel Uikey]]<br /> |party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:19004}}<br /> |percentage = 11.03<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Independent<br /> |candidate = Kamal Patel<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:8404}}<br /> |percentage = 4.88<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = Bahujan Samaj Party<br /> |candidate = Shriniwas Bakliwal<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2474}}<br /> |percentage = 1.44<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link<br /> |party = None of the above<br /> |candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:2052}}<br /> |percentage = 1.19<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box majority<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:7772}}<br /> |percentage = 4.51<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box turnout<br /> |votes = {{formatnum:172344}}<br /> |percentage = 83.11<br /> |change = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link<br /> |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party<br /> |swing = <br /> }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Dewas district]]<br /> * [[List of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Dewas district}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}<br /> {{coord|22.59|76.91|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Dewas district]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]<br /> [[Category:1972 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dharmraj_Singh_Yadav&diff=496771 2026-04-04T20:25:19Z

<p>Commercial Noida: New</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Dharmraj Singh Yadav<br /> | image = Dharmraj Singh Yadav.jpeg<br /> | office = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|16th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | predecessor = Sangram Singh<br /> | successor = <br /> | term_start = 2012<br /> | term_end = 2017<br /> | constituency = [[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]<br /> | office2 = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|17th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | predecessor2 = Surendra Singh<br /> | successor2 = <br /> | term_start2 = 2017<br /> | term_end2 = 2022<br /> | constituency2 = [[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]<br /> | office3 = Member of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | predecessor3 = Ramkumari Maurya<br /> | successor3 = <br /> | term_start3 = 2022<br /> | term_end3 = <br /> | native_name = धर्मराज सिंह यादव<br /> | native_name_lang = Hi<br /> | constituency3 = [[Barabanki Assembly constituency|Barabanki]]<br /> | country = {{flag|India}}<br /> | assembly = [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | source = <br /> | party = [[Samajwadi Party]]<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | father = <br /> | occupation = Politician<br /> | profession = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Suresh Yadav''' better known as '''Dharmraj Singh Yadav''' is an Indian politician serving as a member of the [[18th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. He is a member of the [[Samajwadi Party]] and represents the [[Barabanki Assembly constituency]] in [[Barabanki district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Dharamraj Singh Yadav Vidhan Sabha Election Results 2022|url=https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/dharmraj-singh-yadav-barabanki-candidate-s24a268c01/|publisher=news18.com|access-date=2023-12-09|archive-date=2023-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209102839/https://hindi.news18.com/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/dharmraj-singh-yadav-barabanki-candidate-s24a268c01/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He previously served as a member of the [[16th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|16th]] and [[17th Uttar Pradesh Assembly|17th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], representing the Barabanki Assembly constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: SP's Dharmraj Singh Yadav leads with over 96,000 votes |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/barabanki-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810740/ |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=10 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523210756/https://indianexpress.com/elections/barabanki-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810740/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/268_AC_Statistics_English.aspx |title=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh&gt;Information and Statistics&gt;AC's, PC's Booths&gt;Assembly Constituencies&gt;268-Barabanki |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2009-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410143215/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/268_AC_Statistics_English.aspx |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Following the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24268.htm?ac=268|title=Election Commission of India male election to vidhan sabha trends &amp; result march-2022|publisher=results.eci.gov.in|access-date=2022-03-04|archive-date=2022-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925050518/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24268.htm?ac=268|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; he was re-elected as an MLA from the Barabanki Assembly constituency, defeating Ramkumari Maurya,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=U.P. Election result|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2022-live-updates/article65207270.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=10 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-10|archive-date=2022-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310021328/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly/uttar-pradesh-election-results-2022-live-updates/article65207270.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=UP Election Results: Landslide victory for BJP, SP distant 2nd; Congress, BSP decimated|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/uttar-pradesh-up-assembly-election-poll-result-2022-live-yogi-adityanath-akhilesh-yadav-bjp-sp-bsp-congress-2443792|publisher=zeenews.india.com|access-date=2022-03-10|archive-date=2022-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311063913/https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/uttar-pradesh-up-assembly-election-poll-result-2022-live-yogi-adityanath-akhilesh-yadav-bjp-sp-bsp-congress-2443792|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; the candidate from the [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] (BJP), by a margin of 35,050 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barabanki Assembly Seat: SP's Dharamraj Singh Yadav won in 2017, what will happen this time?|date=31 January 2022 |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/up-assembly-elections/story/barabanki-assembly-seat-up-election-2022-bjp-congress-sp-bsp-ntc-1402702-2022-01-31|publisher=[[Aaj Tak]]|access-date=2022-01-31|archive-date=2023-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209105639/https://www.aajtak.in/elections/up-assembly-elections/story/barabanki-assembly-seat-up-election-2022-bjp-congress-sp-bsp-ntc-1402702-2022-01-31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uttar Pradesh Election 2022: Barabanki Assembly Seat|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/barabanki-177258897|publisher=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=2023-12-09|archive-date=2023-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209204547/https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election/barabanki-177258897|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: SP's Dharmraj Singh Yadav leads with over 96,000 votes|date=9 March 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/barabanki-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810740/|publisher=indianexpress.com|access-date=2022-03-10|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309182353/https://indianexpress.com/elections/barabanki-uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7810740/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Yadav was born on 17 June 1963. He has obtained a [[Law|law degree]] from [[Lucknow University]].&lt;ref name=Bio&gt;{{cite web|title=Dharmraj Singh Yadav's short biography|date=23 November 2021 |url=https://hindi.pardaphash.com/dharmraj-singh-yadav-jeevan-parichay-wiki-biography-jevani-age-uttar-pradesh-legislative-assembly-mla-instagram-jeevani-state-family-height-photo-family-career-award-weight-facbook-twitter-google/|publisher=hindi.pardaphash.com|access-date=2021-11-23|archive-date=2021-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202055120/https://hindi.pardaphash.com/dharmraj-singh-yadav-jeevan-parichay-wiki-biography-jevani-age-uttar-pradesh-legislative-assembly-mla-instagram-jeevani-state-family-height-photo-family-career-award-weight-facbook-twitter-google/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Dharmraj Singh}}<br /> [[Category:People from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1963 births]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–2017]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]<br /> [[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> {{UttarPradesh-SP-politician-stub}}</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannan_(actor)&diff=508276 2026-04-01T01:43:12Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian Tamil actor and businessman}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Kannan<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Sunil Kirpalani<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = Kannan<br /> | occupation = Actor, businessman<br /> | years_active = 1982{{endash}}present<br /> | spouse = Anita<br /> | children = 2<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sunil Kirpalani''', known professionally as '''Kannan''', is an Indian actor and businessman who appears in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil films]]. He is best known for his debut film, ''[[Kadhal Oviyam]]'' (1982).<br /> <br /> == Early life and career ==<br /> Kirpalani was born to [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] parents who left the newly created [[Dominion of Pakistan]] in 1947.&lt;ref name=&quot;N&quot; /&gt; He was working as a ''[[therukoothu]]'' artiste when he was spotted by [[Satyajit Ray]]'s cameraman.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=24 August 2025 |title=Sunil Kirpalani: Kadhal Oviyam gave me the confidence for my life in the US and Shakthi Thirumagan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Aug/24/sunil-kirpalani-kadhal-oviyam-gave-me-the-confidence-for-my-life-in-the-us-and-shakthi-thirumagan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250831140941/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2025/Aug/24/sunil-kirpalani-kadhal-oviyam-gave-me-the-confidence-for-my-life-in-the-us-and-shakthi-thirumagan |archive-date=31 August 2025 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He initially tried to get a role in a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film but was not signed up.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;N&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 September 2023 |title='I Am A Sindhi And My Real Name Is...': Tamil Actor Kannan In Latest Interview |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/i-am-a-sindhi-and-my-real-name-is-tamil-actor-kannan-in-latest-interview-8563180.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923140243/https://www.news18.com/movies/i-am-a-sindhi-and-my-real-name-is-tamil-actor-kannan-in-latest-interview-8563180.html |archive-date=23 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Chennai, his hairdo and beard helped him meet an assistant of [[Bharathiraja]], who asked him if he knew Tamil.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot; /&gt; Kirpalani met Bharathiraja at a coffee shop.&lt;ref name=&quot;N&quot; /&gt; He eventually landed a lead role in the film ''[[Kadhal Oviyam]]'' (1982) and he suggested the name Kannappa Thambiran, based on a ''therukoothu'' performer, for his stage name. Bharathiraja shorted the name to Kannan.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot; /&gt; The film, however, was a box office failure and after trying for several years, Kannan landed a small role in ''[[Meendum Oru Kaathal Kathai|Meendum Oru Kadhal Kathai]]'' (1985) as [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]]'s brother.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Neeraja |date=14 July 2016 |title=With '16 Vayathinile' slated for re-release, we look at Bharathiraja's failed heroes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/why-his-main-men-were-also-rans/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315021211/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/why-his-main-men-were-also-rans/ |archive-date=15 March 2022 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kannan went on to work in [[avionics]] and did his master's degree in finance in the United States. He worked for the now defunct [[US Airways]]. Kannan eventually switched to banking and has a [[risk management]] for a banking business. He returned to films with ''[[Shakthi Thirumagan]]'' (2025) after returning to Chennai to help his daughter pursue dance full time.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt; Kannan came into contact with [[Chitra Lakshmanan]], who worked as his manager, who called him for an interview.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcfqublq3D0 |title=ராதிகாவுக்கு வில்லனாக நான் நடித்த படம்- &quot;Kaadhal Oviyam&quot; Kannan - Part - 1 - Chai With Chithra |date=2 September 2023 |language=Ta |publisher=Touring Talkies |time-caption=From |access-date=16 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904124454/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcfqublq3D0 |archive-date=4 September 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Director [[Arun Prabu]] saw this interview and asked Kannan to act in the film.&lt;ref name=&quot;C&quot;/&gt; Regarding his performance, a critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that his &quot;antagonist track carries the right menace without cartooning&quot; and added that &quot;You could draw parallels to many real-world figures through him and you'd likely guess which actual figure he's mimicking most closely here&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Abhinav |date=19 September 2025 |title=Shakthi Thirumagan Movie Review: Crafty revenge told with energy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/shakthi-thirumagan/movie-review/123998696.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/v8ERN |archive-date=1 April 2026 |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Role<br /> ! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 1982 || ''[[Kadhal Oviyam]]'' || Sakthi ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1985 || ''[[Meendum Oru Kaathal Kathai|Meendum Oru Kadhal Kathai]]'' || Sarasu's brother ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2025 || ''[[Shakthi Thirumagan]]'' || Abhyankkar Srinivasa Swamy || credited as Sunil Kirpalani<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb name|16968967}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors from Sindh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male film actors]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]<br /> [[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_101_(TV_series)&diff=462937 2026-03-29T08:59:42Z

<p>Commercial Noida: fixed issues</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2020 documentary television series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = History-101.jpg<br /> | genre = {{Plainlist|<br /> * History<br /> }}<br /> | country = United Kingdom<br /> | num_seasons = 2<br /> | num_episodes = 20<br /> | company = [[ITN Productions]]<br /> | language = English<br /> | runtime = 20–23 minutes<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''History 101''''' is a [[documentary]] television series that premiered on [[Netflix]] on 22 May 2020. The premise revolves around history mini-lessons consisting of archive footage, facts and graphs about various topics.&lt;ref name=&quot;decider&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://decider.com/2020/05/23/history-101-on-netflix-stream-it-or-skip-it/ |title=Stream It Or Skip It: 'History 101' on Netflix, a Mini-Doc Infotainment Series About Stuff and Other Things |website=Decider |date=23 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;readysteadycut&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://readysteadycut.com/2020/05/22/review-history-101-season-1-review-netflix-series/ |title=History 101 season 1 review – Like Netflix's Explained but for History |website=Ready Steady Cut |date=22 May 2020 |accessdate=2020-05-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Netflix released a second season of the series on 25 August 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/history-101-netflix-season-2-renewed-itn-productions-1234790562/ |title='History 101' Set To Be Renewed By Netflix For A Second Season |last=Kanter |first=Jake |date=July 12, 2021 |website=Deadline |access-date=June 27, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Series overview<br /> | caption = Series overview<br /> | color1 = #303634<br /> | link1 = #Season 1 (2020)<br /> | episodes1 = 10<br /> | released1 = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | color2 = #ae1213<br /> | link2 = #Season 2 (2022)<br /> | episodes2 = 10<br /> | released2 = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Season 1 (2020)===<br /> {{Episode table |background=#303634 |overall=6 |season=6 |title=30 |airdate=20 |episodes={{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br /> | Title = Fast Food <br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Cheap, quick and tasty, fast food became a culinary craze in the 1950s. But has our quest for convenience created an irreversible health crisis?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br /> | Title = The Space Race<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Fifteen international agencies spend $62 billion every year on space travel. What's fueling our costly — and dangerous — drive to explore the universe?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br /> | Title = The Rise of China<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = In the 21st century, China has become a global economic powerhouse. Why was the rest of the world so slow to notice its rise to the top?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br /> | Title = Plastics<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Plastics have transformed how we live, but progress comes at a high price: 7.8 billion tons of waste. Are plastics a miracle or a catastrophe?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br /> | Title = Oil and the Middle East<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Oil has brought great wealth to the Middle East and ignited major wars. Is it a blessing or a curse for the region, as well as the rest of the world?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br /> | Title = Robots<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = We share the planet with an estimated 9 million robots, from self-driving cars to surgical arms. Could they one day completely replace humans?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br /> | Title = Feminism<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Feminism has ushered in sweeping changes to society, securing rights for women around the world. How much further do we have to go?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 8<br /> | Title = Nuclear Power<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Over 10% of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power. But with radioactive waste and the threat of nuclear meltdown, are we playing with fire?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 9<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 9<br /> | Title = AIDS<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = Nearly 40 million people are living with HIV. After decades of research and activism, how far have we come in finding a cure and battling the stigma?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 10<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 10<br /> | Title = Genetics<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|5|22|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = 303634<br /> | ShortSummary = DNA analysis has given us the tools to map disease, solve crimes and more. But in our rush to decode DNA, are we leaping before we look?<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Season 2 (2022)===<br /> {{Episode table |background=#ae1213 |overall=6 |season=6 |title=30 |airdate=20 |episodes={{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 11<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br /> | Title = GPS<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Once a secret military program, GPS now guides our daily lives, from providing directions to finding friends. But what do we trade for this convenience?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 12<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br /> | Title = MP3s<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = MP3s transformed how we listen to music — and spawned digital piracy. Streaming helped the industry recover, but how can artists get their fair share?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 13<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br /> | Title = Credit Cards<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Credit cards changed the global economy and attitudes about personal spending, but record levels of consumer debt beg the question: Just who's in charge?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 14<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br /> | Title = Psychedelics<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Growing evidence suggests that psychedelic drugs could treat brain injuries and psychological problems. But can we get past their controversial history?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 15<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br /> | Title = Bottled Water<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Bottled water is a big business, selling itself as a tastier and healthier alternative to the tap variety. Is there truth behind the claims?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 16<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br /> | Title = Dating Apps<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Thanks to dating apps, finding love is easier than ever. But are we now so focused on playing the game that we're missing out on real connection?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 17<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br /> | Title = Lasers<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = They're used for everything from entertainment to medicine — and now for weapons straight out of science fiction. Have lasers become too hot to handle?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 18<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 8<br /> | Title = Home Workouts<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = The home fitness revolution has exploded into a multibillion-dollar industry. Are home workouts a healthy habit... or just hype?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 19<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 9<br /> | Title = IVF<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = A groundbreaking medical reproductive procedure has made parenthood possible for millions around the world... but at what cost?<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 20<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 10<br /> | Title = High Fructose Corn Syrup<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|8|25|df=y}}<br /> | LineColor = ae1213<br /> | ShortSummary = Sweet deal or bitter pill? High fructose corn syrup rose up to dominate supermarket shelves, but what is it doing to our health?<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''History 101'' was released on 22 May 2020, on [[Netflix]].&lt;ref name='decider' /&gt;<br /> <br /> In June 2020, Netflix removed the ninth episode, which covered the [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|HIV and AIDS epidemic]], after outrage from members of the [[Haitian Americans|Haitian-American]] community.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bojarski|first=Sam|date=June 5, 2020|title=Haitian community denounces stigma, inaccuracies in Netflix 'AIDS' video|url=https://haitiantimes.com/2020/06/05/haitian-community-denounces-stigma-inaccuracies-in-netflix-aids-video/|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-06-07|website=The Haitian Times|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607002323/https://haitiantimes.com/2020/06/05/haitian-community-denounces-stigma-inaccuracies-in-netflix-aids-video/}}&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2020, the episode was restored.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Netflix title}}<br /> * {{IMDb title|11958648}}<br /> <br /> {{Netflix original ended series (2019–present)}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2020 British television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:2022 British television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:2020s British documentary television series]]<br /> [[Category:English-language British television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Documentary television series about economics]]<br /> [[Category:Netflix original documentary television series]]<br /> [[Category:Cultural depictions of Indira Gandhi]]<br /> [[Category:ITN]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Governor_(India)&diff=466464 2026-03-28T19:10:32Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Head of state of the states of India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox official post<br /> | post = Governor<br /> | body = Indian States<br /> | flag = Flag of India.svg{{!}}border<br /> | flagsize = 110px<br /> | flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]<br /> | insignia = Emblem of India.svg<br /> | insigniasize = 50px<br /> | insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]<br /> | style = [[Excellency|His/Her Excellency]]&lt;br /&gt;[[The Honourable]]<br /> | residence = [[Lok Bhavan]]<br /> | salary = {{INRConvert|500000}}&lt;br /&gt;(incl. allowances) per month<br /> | appointer = [[President of India]]<br /> | termlength = 5 years<br /> | deputy = <br /> }}<br /> {{Politics of India}}<br /> [[File:President chairs 2024 governors conference.jpg|&lt;small&gt;Several governors, lieutenant governors and administrators at the 2024 governors conference in 1- 2 August 2024.&lt;/small&gt;|300px|thumb|upright]]<br /> <br /> In India, a '''governor''' is the constitutional [[head of state]] in each of the [[Indian states]] and has powers and functions at the state level similar to those of the [[President of India]] at the central level. A governor acts as the constitutional head and takes all their decisions based on the advice of [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] and their council of ministers. The rank of each governor in India is 4th in the [[Order of precedence]] of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 163 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Qualifications, appointment and term of office ==<br /> <br /> === Qualifications ===<br /> [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 157 .7BQualifications for appointment as Governor.7D|Article 157]] and [[s:Constitution of India/Part VI#Article 158 .7BConditions of Governor's office.7D|Article 158]] of the [[Constitution of India]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 57 and 58 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Department, Govt. of India |page=102}}&lt;/ref&gt; specify eligibility requirements for the post of governor. They are as follows:<br /> <br /> A governor:<br /> <br /> * must be at least 35 years of age.<br /> * should not be a member of the either [[Parliament of India|house of the parliament]] or [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|house of the state legislature]].<br /> * should not hold any office of profit.<br /> Traditionally, governors are not appointed to lead the states where they reside, although this is not stipulated in the constitution.<br /> <br /> === Appointment ===<br /> The President of India appoints the governor of each State.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The factors based on which the candidates are evaluated is not mentioned in the Constitution.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 155 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Ministry of Law and Justice, Govt. of India |publisher=Legislative Dept, Govt. of India |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A same person can be appointed as the governor of two or more States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1956 |title=Clause 6 - Constitution (7th Amendment) Act, 1956 |url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf#page=7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615054438/https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1956/E-2176-1956-0060-99251.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=E-Gazette - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Term of office ===<br /> A governor shall stay appointed during the pleasure of the President.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 156 - Term of office of Governor |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; This alternative assumption is that they are appointed after the 'council of ministers' advise the President for such appointment. Hence, it is the Central Government that appoints them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 74 - Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=65 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; They shall remain in office until the expiration of five years from the date on which they were appointed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; They shall continue to remain in office even after the expiration of 5 years, until a governor is appointed by the President.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Powers and functions ==<br /> <br /> The primary function of the governor is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law as incorporated in their oath of office under [[s:Constitution of the India/Part VI|Article 159]] of the Indian constitution in the administration of the state affairs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Constitution of India - Art. 159 |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=71}}&lt;/ref&gt; All the governor's actions, [[Three Judges Cases|recommendations]] and supervisory powers (Article 167c, Article 200, Article 213, Article 355, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of a state shall be used to implement the provisions of the Constitution.<br /> <br /> Unlike the President of India, the governor has no military or diplomatic powers. However, they possess legislative, executive and judicial powers that are similar to the powers of the President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=258 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A governor has different types of powers:<br /> #'''Executive powers''' related to administration, appointments and removals,<br /> #'''Legislative powers''' related to lawmaking and the [[State Legislature (India)|state legislature]], that is [[State Legislative Assembly (India)|State Legislative Assembly]] (Vidhan Sabha/Saasana Sabha) or [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Council]] (Vidhan Parishad/Saasana Mandali),<br /> #'''Judicial Powers''' related to grant of pardons, reprieves, etc. and consultations.<br /> #'''Discretionary powers''' to be carried out according to the discretion of the governor. The governors of India have similar powers and functions of the state level as those of the president of India at central level.<br /> === Executive powers ===<br /> <br /> * The [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] vests in the governor all the executive powers of the state government.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 154 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=101 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept. - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor appoints the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 164 - Other provisions as to Ministers |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; who enjoys the support of the majority in the State Legislative Assembly. The governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the chief minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;<br /> * The Council of Ministers remain in power during the 'pleasure' of the governor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; However, if the governor reports a constitutional breakdown in a State to the President, and that report confirms the statement that a State Government is not following the principles of the Constitution, the President can proclaim the emergency provisions in such State.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 356 - Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=243 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=211}}&lt;/ref&gt; This will dismiss the council of ministers as such in that State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=India |first=NIOS |url=https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/srsec317newE/317EL13.pdf#page=8 |title=Political Science - Senior Secondary Course |publisher=[[National Institute of Open Schooling|NIOS]] |year=2023 |location=Delhi, India |pages=144 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor appoints the [[Chief Ministers of India|chief minister of a state]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; the [[Advocate general (India)|advocate general]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 165 - Advocate-General for the State |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 234 - Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=109}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * A state election commissioner is also appointed by the governor (though removed by the president).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2023 |title=Article 243K - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * When requested by the Election Commission or Regional Commissioner, the governor or the President shall make available to them the required staff for their proper functioning.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 324 (6) - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=219 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=187}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * All executive actions in a State are carried on the governor's name.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 166 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=105 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=74}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor of the state by virtue of their office is also the [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of most of the [[state university (India)|universities in the state]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Role of the Governor – As a Chancellor of the Universities |url=http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417191900/http://www.rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/role-of-governor.aspx |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Raj Bhavan, Gujarat}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 June 2023 |title=Chancellor Role of Governor - Govt. of U.P. |url=https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615112040/https://upgovernor.gov.in/en/page/chancellor-role-of-governor |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Raj Bhawan - Govt. of U.P.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The dignity and impartiality of the office of the chancellor puts the governor in a unique position with regard to protecting the autonomy of the universities and saving them from undue political interference. The governor as chancellor of universities also acts as president of the Senate. The governor has the power to direct inspection of every component of the universities and affiliated colleges, required due action on the result of inquiry. The chancellor appoints search committee for appointments of [[chancellor (education)|vice chancellor]]. The governor accords consent of warrant of degrees and withdraws degree or distinctions both at the recommendations of the Senate. The governor approves or disapproves statutes passed by the Senate and appoints teachers at the university based on the recommendation of the respective committees.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> * The Governor can make rules regulating the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed as the secretarial staff of the Assembly or the Council after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or the Chairman of the Legislative Council.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 187 - Secretariat of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=83}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, Governor can appoint such people if the State Legislature has not prescribed any laws regulating the above recruitment.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> * A governor can nominate one member&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969{{!}} National Portal of India |url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-twenty-third-amendment-act-1969 |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.india.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; of the Anglo-Indian community to their State's Legislative Assembly, if he/she is of the opinion that they are not represented properly in the Assembly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 333 - Constitution of India |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=191}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * A governor has the power to nominate 1/6 of the total no. of members to the Legislative Council of a State having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 171 - Composition of the Legislative Councils |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Legislative powers ===<br /> <br /> * The governor has the right to address and send message,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 175 - Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}&lt;/ref&gt; summon, prorogue and dissolve&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 174 - Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}&lt;/ref&gt; the State Legislature. These powers are formal, and the governor's use of these powers must comply with the advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the chief minister.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> * He/She also has the power to either himself/herself or through other lay down the Annual Financial Statement before the Houses of the State Legislature&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 202 - Annual financial statement |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=92}}&lt;/ref&gt; and make demands for grants and recommending Money Bills.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 207 - Special provisions as to financial Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor inaugurates (to dedicate) the state legislature by addressing it after the assembly elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year.<br /> * The governor's address on these occasions generally outlines new policies of the state government. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the governor gives assent. The governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a [[money bill]], for reconsideration. However, if the state legislature sends it back to the governor for the second time, the Governor shall not withhold their assent therefrom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 200 - Assent to Bills |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}&lt;/ref&gt; This has rarely happened in the history of any of the states. [[Tamil Nadu]], for example, resent its [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET]] Exemption Bill to its governor for the first and only time ever, in 2022, since the state's formation in 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=T. Ramakrishnan |date=8 February 2022 |title=House Will Create History if It Re-Adopts NEET Bill Today |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/house-will-create-history-if-it-re-adopts-neet-bill-today/article38394333.ece |access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor also has the power to reserve certain bills for the president.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 201 - Bills reserved for consideration |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=91}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * When the state legislature is not in session and the governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the governor can promulgate ordinances. These ordinances are submitted to the state legislature at its next session. They remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the state legislature is reconvened unless approved by it earlier.{{ref|ordin}}<br /> * A Governor can disqualify a member of the State legislature when the election commission recommends that such member is no longer complying with provisions of Article 191.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 192 - Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members of State Legislature |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The governor can ask the advocate general to attend the proceedings of both houses of the state legislature and report to them any unlawful functioning if any.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Art. 177 - Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=80}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Judicial powers ===<br /> <br /> * The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, reprieves or remission of punishments or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which executive power of a State extends.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 161 - Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The [[President of India|President]] appoints the judges of the [[High Courts of India|High Courts]] on the recommendation of the governor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=130 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * He/She also has the power to appoint the judges of the district courts after consulting the High Court of that State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 233 - Appointment of district judges |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=139 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606211619/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=108}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Discretionary powers ===<br /> *When no party gets a clear majority, the governor has discretion to choose a candidate for chief minister who will put together a majority coalition as soon as possible.<br /> *They can impose [[president's rule]].<br /> *They submit reports on their own to the president or on the direction of the president regarding the affairs of the state.<br /> *They can withhold their assent to a bill and send it to the president for approval.<br /> *During [[Emergencies in India|emergency rule]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 353<br /> <br /> ]], the governor can override the advice of the council of ministers if specifically permitted by the president.<br /> <br /> === Emergency powers ===<br /> The governor has no role or powers in an emergency situation to meet with the external aggression or armed rebellion as the President&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 352 - Proclamation of Emergency |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=240 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=208}}&lt;/ref&gt; unless specifically permitted by the president under articles 160, 356 and 357.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 160 - Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=72}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2022 |title=Article 357 - Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356. |url=https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf#page=246 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616043702/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s380537a945c7aaa788ccfcdf1b99b5d8f/uploads/2023/05/2023050195.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Legislative Dept., Govt. of India |page=214}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Emoluments/Payment==<br /> <br /> On 1 February 2018, the Government of India decided to give ₹3,50,000 which is equivalent to ₹4,70,00 or US$5,500 in 2023 to governors.<br /> <br /> Various emoluments, allowances and privileges available to a governor are determined by the Governors (Emoluments, Allowances and Privileges) Act, 1982.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 January 2016 |title=Section 3 - Emoluments |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6710&amp;sectionno=3&amp;orderno=3 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the monthly salary, the governor and their family is entitled to-<br /> <br /> * rent free official residence,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 5 - Use and maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6712&amp;sectionno=5&amp;orderno=5 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * free household facilities,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Section 6 - Household establishment. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6713&amp;sectionno=6&amp;orderno=6 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * leave allowances,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2023 |title=Section 4 - Leave allowance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6711&amp;sectionno=4&amp;orderno=4 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * conveyance, to use without payment of rent or hire, such number of motor-vehicles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 8 - Conveyance |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6724&amp;sectionno=8&amp;orderno=8 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * medical treatment,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 7 - Medical Treatment |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6723&amp;sectionno=7&amp;orderno=7 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * travelling allowances,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 9 - Traveling allowance on assumption or vacation of office. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6725&amp;sectionno=9&amp;orderno=9 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 10 - Allowances for renewing furnishings and for maintenance of official residences. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6726&amp;sectionno=10&amp;orderno=10 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * entertainment allowance, hospitality grant, household establishment expenses, office expenses, allowance for miscellaneous expenses, and tour expenses&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 11 - Other privileges and allowances. |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6727&amp;sectionno=11&amp;orderno=11 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * and such other expenses as approved from the President.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Section 12 - Additional expenses |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/show-data?actid=AC_CEN_5_40_00008_198243_1517807326622&amp;sectionId=6728&amp;sectionno=12&amp;orderno=12 |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=India Code - Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Removal ==<br /> <br /> A governor holds their office till five years, but it can be terminated earlier by two ways:<br /> # '''Dismissal by the president''' without assigning any reason,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-05-07 |title=BP Singhal vs Union of India |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/36321.pdf |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=Supreme Court of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; at whose pleasure the governor holds office. This alternative assumption is that he/she can be removed if the 'council of ministers' advice the President for such dismissal. Hence, it is the Central Government that can remove him/her.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; However, it is the duty of the president to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;<br /> # '''Resignation by the governor.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Constitution does not lay out any specific reasons for removal of a Governor from their office. However, this power may be used in events like bribery, treason, corruption or/and violation of the constitution.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Durga Das |title=Introduction to the Constitution of India |publisher=[[LexisNexis]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5143-446-7 |edition=22nd |location=Gurgaon, Haryana, India |pages=256 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legal immunity==<br /> <br /> Under [[s:Constitution of India/Part XIX|Article 361]] of the constitution, governor cannot be summoned for questioning except on their voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of their controversial deeds though the unconstitutional decisions taken by the governor would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the governor's role.<br /> <br /> As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad &amp; Ors vs. Union of India &amp; ANR, though governor cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during their tenure, the governor can be prosecuted after stepping down from the post for the guilt committed during their term of governorship as declared earlier by the courts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2006-01-24 |title=Rameshwar Prasad and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Anr. |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/27437.pdf |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Supreme Court of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Analysis of role in Government==<br /> While the [[President of India]] is &quot;elected&quot;, the governor is &quot;selected&quot; by the incumbent central government.&lt;ref name=&quot;Changing UPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=R. Jagannathan |date=18 June 2014 |title=Changing UPA's Governors: Why Tharoor Is only Half-Right |work=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623000939/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/changing-upas-governors-tharoor-half-right-1576401.html |archive-date=23 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; That is why there have been many instances when governors appointed by a previous government are removed by an incoming government. The reasons are more political.<br /> <br /> The supreme court has ruled that governors should be given security of term, but this is generally not adhered to.&lt;ref name=&quot;Changing UPA&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Political observers have described governorship as &quot;plush old age homes&quot; wherein the governor does not stay impartial and act against popular state leaders. In 1984, Congressman [[Thakur Ram Lal]] dismissed the [[N. T. Rama Rao]] government and allowed [[N. Bhaskara Rao]] as chief minister of Andhra Pradesh for 31 days.&lt;ref name=&quot;Why the post of governors should be abolished&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rajesh Ramachandran |date=19 June 2014 |title=Why the Post of Governors Should Be Abolished |work=The Economic Times |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |url-status=dead |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622120219/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711020_1_governors-raj-bhawans-upa-government |archive-date=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In January 2014, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) approached the Union Law Ministry under the [[United Progressive Alliance (India)|UPA Government]] to record statements of West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] and Goa Governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 January 2014 |title=CBI Seeks Home, Law Ministries' Advice to Examine B V Wanchoo, M K Narayanan |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812062427/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/cbi-seeks-home-law-ministries-advice-to-examine-b-v-wanchoo-m-k-narayanan/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt; Their statements were considered vital as Narayanan was [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Adviser]] and Wanchoo was Chief of [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) at the time of signing of contract with AgustaWestland. Their views were also considered before Indian Government signed the contract with Agusta Westland. However, Union Law ministry stonewalled CBI probe by rejecting CBI's request to examine them claiming they had 'immunity'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: CBI Seeks President's Permission to Question Narayanan, Wanchoo |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/VVIP-chopper-deal-CBI-seeks-Presidents-permission-to-question-Narayanan-Wanchoo/articleshow/29177235.cms |url-status=live |access-date=27 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-01-22/india/46461322_1_service-ceiling-former-iaf-chief-cbi-move |archive-date=2 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> UPA was defeated in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general election]] and with the incoming [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA Government]]'s permission, then West Bengal governor [[M. K. Narayanan]] became the first ever governor to be questioned by police in a criminal case. The CBI questioned M. K. Narayanan as a &quot;witness&quot; in {{INR}} 3600-crore [[2013 Indian helicopter bribery scandal]]. The CBI said then Goa governor [[Bharat Vir Wanchoo]] would be questioned in the same case.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 June 2014 |title=Chopper Scam: CBI Questions WB Guv M.K. Narayanan |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225137/http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Chopper-Scam-CBI-Questions-WB-Guv-MK-Narayanan/846866 |archive-date=28 June 2014 |access-date=27 June 2014 |website=Outlook}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VVIP chopper deal: Governors can be questioned while in office, says Attorney General&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 June 2014 |title=VVIP Chopper Deal: Governors Can Be Questioned While in Office, Says Attorney General |language=en |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/vvip-chopper-deal-governors-can-be-questioned-while-in-office-says-attorney-general_943267.html |access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; then [[Arunachal Pradesh]] governor, Jyoti P Rajkhowa who is also appointed by the ruling party at the center, has been sacked by the president after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rahul Shrivastava |date=12 September 2016 |title=Arunachal Pradesh Governor Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa Sacked |work=NDTV |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913155231/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jyoti-prasad-rajkhowa-removed-as-arunachal-pradesh-governor-report-1457717 |archive-date=13 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Oath ==<br /> “I ..... (name of the governor), do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully<br /> execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions<br /> of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to<br /> the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the<br /> Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to<br /> the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name<br /> of the State).”<br /> == List of incumbent governors of all Indian states ==<br /> '''Legend'''<br /> *&lt;small&gt;{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}&lt;/small&gt; Additional Charge<br /> *&lt;small&gt;{{note label|§|§|§}}&lt;/small&gt; Acting<br /> *&lt;small&gt;{{note label|†|†|†}}&lt;/small&gt; Governor- designate<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! State&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;(list)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! Portrait<br /> ! Officeholder<br /> ! Assumed office&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(term length)}}<br /> !Appointed By<br /> |-<br /> |[[Andhra Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|([[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|list]])}}<br /> | [[File:The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Justice (Retd.) S. Abdul Nazeer called on the President of India.jpg|border|105x105px]]<br /> | '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}}&lt;br /&gt;({{small|{{ayd|2023|2|24}}}})<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Arunachal Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|([[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|list]])}}<br /> | [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|border|92x92px]]<br /> | '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|({{ayd|2023|2|16}})}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Assam]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Assam|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Lakshman Acharya|Lakshman P. Acharya]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2024|7|30}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bihar]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Bihar|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Lieutenant General (Retd) Syed Ata Hasnain.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|14}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Chhattisgarh]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2024|7|31}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Goa]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Goa|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on July 27, 2016 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju|P. Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|7|26}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | [[Gujarat]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Gujarat|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Acharya Dev Vrat, Governor of Gujarat in 2022 (cropped).jpg|border|93x93px]]<br /> | '''[[Acharya Dev Vrat|Acharya Devvrat]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2019|7|22}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br /> |-<br /> | [[Haryana]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Haryana|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|7|21}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Himachal Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Kavinder Gupta]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|({{ayd|2026|3|10}})}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jharkhand]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Jharkhand|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2024|07|31}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | [[Karnataka]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Karnataka|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Thawar Chand Gehlot.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2021|7|11}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br /> |- <br /> | [[Kerala]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Kerala|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|1|2}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Madhya Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2021|7|8}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br /> |-<br /> |[[Maharashtra]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Maharashtra|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|10}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;12&quot; | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> |- <br /> | [[Manipur]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Manipur|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Ajay Bhalla in 2025 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|01|03}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | [[Meghalaya]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Meghalaya|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:GUHLxtza4AAe0A-.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' <br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2024|07|30}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | [[Mizoram]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Mizoram|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:DncrmowVYAA6c2i.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[V. K. Singh]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|01|16}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Nagaland]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Nagaland|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Governor of Nagaland Nand Kishor Yadav.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|13}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|13}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Odisha]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Odisha|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:GTaYHuVaAAAc5dU.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2025|01|03}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Punjab, India|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:GC Kataria.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria|Gulab Chand J. Kataria]]'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2024|7|31}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | [[Rajasthan]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Rajasthan|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Haribhau Bagade|Haribhau K. Bagade]]'''<br /> |- <br /> | [[Sikkim]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Sikkim|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Om Prakash Mathur Sikkim Rajapal.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]'''<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Rajendra Arlekar|Rajendra V. Arlekar]]'''&lt;small&gt;{{note label|‡|‡|‡}}&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|12}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telangana]]<br /> &lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Telangana|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|11}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tripura]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Tripura|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[N. Indrasena Reddy]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2023|10|26}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Uttar Pradesh]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[list of governors of Uttar Pradesh|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Anandiben Patel in 2022 (cropped).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Anandiben Patel|Anandiben M. Patel]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2019|7|29}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Ram Nath Kovind]] <br /> |-<br /> | [[Uttarakhand]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of Uttarakhand|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:Lt Gen Gurmit Singh.jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2021|9|15}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[West Bengal]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[List of governors of West Bengal|list]])&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[File:R. N. Ravi (cropped×2).jpg|70px|border]]<br /> | '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br /> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;({{ayd|2026|3|12}})&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Records ==<br /> # [[Syed Ata Hasnain]] , the [[Governor of Bihar]] is the recent- most sworn in officeholder.<br /> # [[Acharya Devvrat]], the [[Governor of Gujarat]] is currently the longest- serving officeholder. <br /> # [[Kavinder Gupta]], the [[Governor of Himachal Pradesh]] is the youngest officeholder.<br /> # [[Rajendra Arlekar]], the [[Governor of Kerala]] is the only officeholder who is also holding additional charge. He is holding additional charge of [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]].<br /> # Since 1985, the [[Governor of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] (now [[Gulab Chand Kataria]]) is also the ''ex-officio'' [[Administrator of Chandigarh]]. This has been an experience with all the Governors of Punjab, who has been served since 1985. However, they have the right to serve only one post if they want, by submitting a letter to the [[President of India]].<br /> # [[Anandiben Patel]], the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] is the oldest incumbent officeholder.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Lieutenant governors and Administrators (India)|Lieutenant Governors and Administrators (India)]]<br /> * [[List of current Indian chief ministers]]<br /> * [[List of current Indian deputy chief ministers]]<br /> <br /> * [[List of female governors in India]]<br /> * [[List of female lieutenant governors and administrators in India]]<br /> * [[Federalism in India]]<br /> * [[Rajpramukh]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Governors and Lt Governors of Indian States}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:State governors of India]]<br /> [[Category:States and union territories of India-related lists|G]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of governors of Indian states|*]]<br /> [[Category:State governors of India|*]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of current office-holders in India|G]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asiatic_wildcat&diff=488031 2026-03-27T06:50:59Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new info!</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Small wild cat}}<br /> {{subspeciesbox<br /> | name = Asiatic wildcat<br /> | image = Felis_silvestris_ornata.jpg<br /> | genus = Felis<br /> | species = lybica<br /> | species_link = African wildcat<br /> | subspecies = ornata<br /> | authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1830–1832<br /> | range_map = Felis lybica distribution.jpg<br /> | range_map_caption = {{leftlegend|Green|Range of the Asiatic wildcat}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Asiatic wildcat''' ('''''Felis lybica ornata'''''), also known as the '''Indian desert cat''', is an [[African wildcat]] [[subspecies]] that occurs from the eastern [[Caspian Sea]] north to [[Kazakhstan]], into western [[India]], western [[China]] and southern [[Mongolia]].&lt;ref name=wc1996&gt;{{cite book |title=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |last1=Nowell |first1=K. |last2=Jackson |first2=P. |year=1996 |location=Gland, Switzerland |chapter=Asiatic Wildcat ''Felis silvestris'', ''ornata'' group (Gray 1830) |pages=99−101}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=catsg&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O'Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=17−20 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> There is no information on current status or population numbers across the Asiatic wildcat's range as a whole, but populations are thought to be declining.&lt;ref name=iucn&gt;{{cite iucn |title=''Felis lybica'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Ghoddousi, A. |author2=Belbachir, F. |author3=Durant, S.M. |author4=Herbst, M. |author5=Rosen, T. |year=2022 |article-number=e.T131299383A154907281 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en |access-date=27 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Jutzeler2010&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Jutzeler |first1=E. |last2=Xie |first2=Y. |last3=Vogt |first3=K. |year=2010 |title=Cats in China: Asian wildcat |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 5 |pages=42–43 |url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/5.Cat_News/5.3._Special_Issues/5.3.5._SI_5/Jutzeler_Xie_Yan___Vogt_2010_Asian_wildcat.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Taxonomy==<br /> [[File:Thomas_Hardwicke02.jpg|thumb|Illustration of an Indian desert wildcat from Thomas Hardwicke's collection]]<br /> ''Felis ornata'' was the [[scientific name]] used by [[John Edward Gray]] in the early 1830s as a caption to an illustration of an Indian wildcat from [[Thomas Hardwicke]]'s collection.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=J. E. |year=1830–1832 |title=Illustrations of Indian Zoology; Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S. Volume 1 |location=London |publisher=Treuttel, Würtz, Treuttel, Jun. and Richter |page=Plate 2 |chapter=''Felis ornata'' Gray. Beautiful cat |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/IllustrationsIn1Gray/page/2}}&lt;/ref&gt; In subsequent years, several naturalists [[Scientific description|described]] spotted wildcat [[zoological specimen]]s from Asian range countries and proposed names, including the following:<br /> *''Chaus caudatus'' by Gray in 1874 was a skin and skull from the [[Bukhara Region]] in Uzbekistan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gray |first1=J. E. |year=1874 |title=On the Steppe-Cat of Bokhara (''Chaus caudatus'') |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |pages=Plate VI−VII, 31−33 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen74zool/page/n65}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *''Felis shawiana'' by [[William Thomas Blanford]] in 1876 was a pale wildcat skin from [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] in [[Xinjiang]], western China.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Blanford |first1=W. T. |year=1876 |title=Description of ''Felis Shawiana'', a new Lyncine cat from Eastern Turkestan |journal=The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=49−51 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofasiat4521876asia/page/49}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *''Felis (Felis) kozlovi'' by [[Konstantin Satunin]] in 1904 was a wildcat skin from an oasis in the [[Turpan Depression]] in western China.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Satunin |first1=K. |year=1904 |title=Neue Katzenarten aus Central-Asien |trans-title=New cat species from Central Asia |journal=Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg |volume=9 |pages=524−537 |url=https://archive.org/details/ezhegodnik09zool/page/532}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Felis (Felis) murgabensis'' and ''Felis (Felis) matschiei'' by [[:de:Ludwig Zukowsky|Ludwig Zukowsky]] in 1914 were wildcat skins and skulls from the [[Murghab River]] in Afghanistan and [[Geok Tepe]] in Turkmenistan, respectively.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Zukowsky |first1=L. |year=1914 |title=Drei neue Kleinkatzenrassen aus Westasien |trans-title=Three new races of small cats from West Asia |journal=Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Abteilung A |volume=80 |issue=10 |pages=124−146 |url=https://archive.org/details/archivfurgeschic8012berl/page/n315}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Felis ornata nesterovi'' by Alexei Birulya in 1916 was a female wildcat skin from [[Lower Mesopotamia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Birulya |first1=A. |year=1916 |title=De Felibus asiaticis duabus novis |trans-title=About two new Asiatic cats |journal=Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg |volume=21 |issue=Supplement |pages=I−II |url=https://archive.org/details/ezhegodnik21zool/page/n578}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *''Felis ornata issikulensis'' by [[Sergey Ognev]] in 1930 was a skin and skull of a male wildcat from the southwestern shore of Lake [[Issyk-Kul]] in [[Kyrgyzstan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ogneff |first1=S. I. |year=1930 |title=Übersicht der russischen Kleinkatzen |journal=Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=48−85 |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Zeitschrift-Saeugetierkunde_5_0048-0085.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> In the 1940s, [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] reviewed the collection of wildcat skins and skulls in the [[Natural History Museum, London]] and subordinated all the spotted wildcat specimens to ''Felis lybica'', arguing that size of skulls and teeth do not differ from those from African range countries.&lt;ref name=Pocock1951&gt;{{cite book |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |chapter=''Felis lybica'', Forster |title=Catalogue of the Genus Felis |publisher=Trustees of the British Museum |location=London |date=1951 |pages=50−133 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofgenus00brit#page/50/mode/2up}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Characteristics ==<br /> [[File:Asian Wildcat (Felis lybica ssp. ornata).jpg|thumb|Asiatic wildcat]]<br /> The Asiatic wildcat's fur is light sandy coloured with small rounded spots on its upper body. These spots are solid and sharply defined, and do not occur in clusters. The spots on the chest and abdomen are much larger and more blurred than on the back, and usually do not form transverse rows or stripes on the trunk. Its colours and patterns vary greatly. The hairs along the spine are usually darker, forming a dark gray, brownish or ochreous band. The upper lips and eyelids are light, pale yellow-white. The facial region is of an intense gray colour, while the top of the head is covered with a dark gray coat. In some individuals, the forehead is covered in dense clusters of brown spots. A narrow, dark brown stripe extends from the corner of the eye to the base of the ear. The lower neck, throat, neck, and the region between the forelegs are devoid of spots, or only with indistinct spots. The thighs are distinctly striped. The underside is whitish, with a light gray, creamy or pale yellow tinge. The tail is mostly the same colour as the back, with the addition of a dark and narrow stripe along the upper two-thirds of the tail; it appears thin, as the hairs are short and close-fitting. The tip of the tail is black, with two to five black transverse rings above it.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972&gt;{{cite book |title=Mlekopitaiuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola |publisher=Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation |last1=Heptner |first1=V. G. |last2=Sludskii |first2=A. A. |orig-date=1972 |year=1992 |location=Washington DC |trans-title=Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2: Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UxWZ-OmTqVoC&amp;pg=PA398 |chapter=Asiatic Wildcat |pages=398–497 |isbn=90-04-08876-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Asian wildcat has a long, tapering tail, always with a short black tip, and with spots at the base. The forehead has a pattern of four well-developed black bands. A small but pronounced tuft of hair up to one cm long grows from the tip of each ear. Paler forms of Asian wildcat live in drier areas and the darker, more heavily spotted and striped forms occur in more humid and wooded areas. The throat and ventral surfaces are whitish to light grey to cream, often with distinct white patches on the throat, chest and belly. Throughout its range the Asian wildcat's coat is usually short, but the length of the fur can vary depending on the age of the animal and the season of the year. Compared to the domestic cat, Asian wildcats have relatively longer legs. Males are generally heavier than females.&lt;ref name=&quot;wc1996&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Pakistan]] and India, wildcats have pale sandy yellow coats, marked with small spots that tend to lie in vertical lines down the trunk and flanks.&lt;ref name=Roberts&gt;{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=T. J. |year=1977 |title=The Mammals of Pakistan |location=London |publisher=Ernest Benn |isbn=978-0-510-39900-9 |chapter=''Felis lybica'' |page=138−140}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wcow&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sunquist |first1=M. |last2=Sunquist |first2=F. |year=2002 |title=Wild Cats of the World |location=Chicago |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/92 92–98] |chapter=African-Asian wildcat ''Felis silvestris lybica'' and ''Felis silvestris ornata'' |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&amp;pg=PA92 |isbn=978-0-226-77999-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/92 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The wildcats of [[Central Asia]] have a more greyish-yellow or reddish background color, marked distinctly with small black or red-brown spots. The spots are sometimes fused into stripes, especially in the Central Asian regions east of the [[Tian Shan Mountains]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Groves, C. P. |year=1980 |title=The Chinese mountain cat (''Felis bieti'') |journal=Carnivore |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=35–41}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Asiatic wildcat weighs about {{convert|3|-|4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=Roberts/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wcow&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Distribution and habitat ==<br /> <br /> [[File:Felis lybica distribution.jpg|thumb|Distribution of Asiatic Wildcat in light green]]<br /> <br /> The [[Caucasus]] is the transitional zone between the [[European wildcat]] to the north and west, and the Asiatic wildcat to the south and east. In this region, the European wildcat is present in montane forest, and the Asiatic wildcat is present in the low-lying [[desert]] and semi-desert areas adjoining the [[Caspian Sea]]. It usually occurs in close proximity to water sources, but is also able to live year-round in waterless desert. It ranges up to {{cvt|2000|to|3000|m}} in mountain areas with sufficient dense vegetation. Snow depth limits the northern boundaries of its range in winter.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972/&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Iran]], the Asiatic wildcat has been recorded in [[aridity|arid]] [[plain]]s, lush [[forest]]s, [[coast]]al areas and [[mountain]]s, but not in extremely high elevations and deserts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=The status of Wildcat in Iran - a crossroad of subspecies? |year=2016 |last1=Ghoddousi |first1=A. |last2=Hamidi |first2=A. Kh. |last3=Ghadirian |first3=T. |last4=Bani'Assadi |first4=S. |journal=Cat News|issue=Special Issue 10 |pages=60–63 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Afghanistan]], the Asiatic wildcat has been recorded prior to 1973 in the central [[Hazarajat]] mountains and the steppe region, near [[Shibar Pass]] and [[Herat]], and in [[Bamyan Province]].&lt;ref name=Habibi1977&gt;{{cite book |last1=Habibi |first1=K. |year=2003 |title=Mammals of Afghanistan |location=Coimbatore, India |publisher=Zoo Outreach Organisation |chapter=Asiatic Wildcat ''Felis lybica ornata'' |isbn=978-81-88722-06-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[India]], the Asiatic wildcat inhabits the [[Thar Desert]] and is associated with [[scrub desert]].&lt;ref name=Sharma1979&gt;{{cite journal |author=Sharma, I. K. |year=1979 |title=Habits, feeding, breeding and reaction to man of the desert cat ''Felis libyca'' (Gray) in the Indian Desert |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=498–499}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1999, it was still reported as common in the [[Rajasthan]]i districts of [[Bikaner district|Bikaner]], [[Barmer district|Barmer]], [[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]], [[Pali district|Pali]] and [[Nagaur district|Nagaur]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Sharma, S. |author2=Sharma, S. K. |author3=Sharma, S. |year=2003 |title=Notes on mammalian fauna in Rajasthan |journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=1085–1088 |doi=10.11609/jott.zpj.18.4.1085-8|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Only four sightings were reported in the Thar Desert between 1999 and 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Dookia |first1=S. |year=2007 |title=Sighting of Asiatic Wildcat in Gogelao Enclosure, Nagaur in Thar Desert of Rajasthan |journal=Cat News |issue=46 |pages=17–18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It has been recorded in [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pande |first1=A. |last2=Vasava |first2=A. |last3=Solanki |first3=R. |last4=Bipin |first4=C. M. |author5-link=Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala |last5=Jhala |first5=Y. V. |title=Photographic records of the Asiatic Wildcat from two states of India |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=17 |pages=5283–5287 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.o3351.5283-7|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; in [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Mirzapur]] forests.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=D. |last2=Chaudhary |first2=R. |title=Wildlife Inventory and Proposal for Sloth Bear Conservation Reserve in Marihan-Sukrit-Chunar Landscape of Mirzapur Forest Division, Uttar Pradesh |date=2019 |publisher=Vindhyan Ecology and Natural History Foundation |location=Mirzapur |isbn=978-93-5279-561-1 |page=39 |url=https://vindhyabachao.org/mirzapur-wildlife |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807002224/https://vindhyabachao.org/mirzapur-wildlife }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In [[Pakistan]], it was known from arid regions in the [[Sindh Province]].&lt;ref name=Roberts/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 1990s, wildcats were reported common and populations stable in the lowlands of [[Kazakhstan]]. A pronounced loss of range has been documented in [[Azerbaijan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Belousova, A.V. |year=1993 |title=Small Felidae of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Far East: survey of the state of populations |journal=Lutreola |volume=2 |pages= 16–21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Within China, the Asian wildcat is distributed in [[Xinjiang]], [[Qinghai]], [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], [[Shaanxi]], and [[Inner Mongolia]]. Records from northern [[Tibet]] as well as [[Sichuan]] are questionable.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=A. T. |editor2-last=Xie |editor2-first=Y. |year=2008 |title=A guide to the Mammals of China |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=New Jersey |isbn=978-0-691-09984-2 |last1=Wozencraft |first1=W. C. |chapter=Felinae |pages=390−398 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ka-9f68nPT4C&amp;pg=PA390}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to 1950, it was the most abundant cat in Xinjiang occurring along all major river basin systems and [[Taklimakan desert]] but later it got confined to three regions of southern Xinjiang only like the [[Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture]], [[Aksu Prefecture|Aksu]] and [[Hotan Prefecture]]s. It was thought to decline rapidly in the Xinjiang desert region of China mainly because of excessive hunting for the pelt trade followed by shrinkage of its habitat due to cultivation, oil and gas exploration and excessive use of [[pesticides]].&lt;ref name=Abdukadir2010&gt;{{cite journal|author=Abdukadir, A. |author2=Khan, B. |author3=Masuda, R. |author4=Ohdachi, S. |year=2010 |title=Asiatic wild cat (''Felis silvestris ornata'') is no more a 'Least Concern' species in Xinjiang, China |journal=Pakistan Journal of Wildlife |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=57–63 |url=http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/49688/1/Issue%202%20Article%204%5B1%5D.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ecology and behaviour ==<br /> Asiatic wildcats are frequently observed in the daytime. They use rock crevices or [[burrow]]s dug by other animals.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Hunting and diet===<br /> In [[Turkmenistan]], the Asiatic wildcat feed on [[great gerbil]]s, [[Libyan jird]]s, [[Afghan vole]]s, [[long-clawed ground squirrel]]s, [[tolai hare]]s, small birds like [[lark]]s, [[lizard]]s, [[beetle]]s, and [[grasshopper]]s. Near [[Repetek Biosphere State Reserve]], the wildcat is responsible for destroying over 50% of nests made by [[desert finch]]es, [[streaked scrub warbler]]s, red-tailed warblers, and [[Streptopelia|turtledove]]s. In the [[Qarshi]] steppes of [[Uzbekistan]], the wildcat's prey, in descending order of preference, includes [[great gerbil]]s, [[Libyan jird]]s, [[jerboa]]s, other [[rodent]]s and [[passerine bird]]s, [[reptile]]s, and [[insect]]s. Wildcats in eastern [[Kyzyl Kum]] have similar prey preferences, with the addition of [[tolai hare]]s, [[Midday jird]]s, [[small five-toed jerboa]]s, and [[Trapelus|steppe agama]]s. In [[Kyrgyzstan]], the wildcat's primary prey varies from [[Tolai hare]]s near [[Issyk Kul]], [[pheasant]]s in the [[Chu River|Chu]] and [[Talas River]] valleys, and mouse-like rodents and [[gray partridge]]s in the [[foothills]]. In Kazakhstan's lower [[Ili River]], the wildcat mainly targets rodents, [[muskrat]]s, and [[Tamarisk jird]]. Occasionally, remains of young [[roe deer]] and [[wild boar]] are present in its faeces. After rodents, birds follow in importance, along with reptiles, [[fish]], insects, [[egg]]s, [[grass]] stalks and nuts.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972/&gt;<br /> <br /> In the scrub habitat of western [[Rajasthan]], they live largely on desert [[Gerbillinae|gerbil]]s, but also hunt [[hare]]s, [[rat]]s, [[dove]]s, gray [[partridge]]s, [[sandgrouse]]s, [[peafowl]], [[bulbul]]s, [[Old World sparrow]]s and eat eggs of ground birds. They have also been observed killing [[cobra]]s, [[Echis|saw-scaled vipers]], [[sand boa]]s, [[gecko]]s, [[scorpion]]s and [[beetle]]s.&lt;ref name=Sharma1979/&gt;<br /> <br /> Results of a feed item analysis of Asiatic wildcats in the [[Tarim Basin]] revealed that their primary prey was the [[Yarkand hare]] followed by [[Midday jird]], [[long-eared jerboa]], [[poultry]] and small bird, fish, [[five-toed pygmy jerboa]], [[Agamidae|Agamid lizards]] and [[sand lizard]].&lt;ref name=Abdukadir2010/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Parasites and infestations===<br /> The wildcat is highly parasitised by [[helminth]]s. Some wildcats in [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] carry the helminth species ''[[Hydatigera taeniaeformis]]'', ''[[Diphyllobothrium]] mansoni'', ''[[Toxocara]] mystax'', ''[[Capillaria (nematode)|Capillaria]] feliscati'' and ''[[Ancylostoma caninum]]''. Wildcats in Azerbaijan carry ''Hydatigera krepkogorski'' and ''Toxocara mystax''. In Transcaucasia, the majority of wildcats are infested by the [[tick]] ''[[Ixodes ricinus]]''. In some summers, wildcats are infested with [[flea]]s of the genus ''[[Ceratophyllus]]'', which they likely contract from [[brown rat]]s.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Threats ==<br /> Female Asiatic wildcats mate quite often with domestic males, and [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] offspring are frequently found near villages where wild females live.&lt;ref name=Geptner1972/&gt;<br /> They have been hunted at large in Afghanistan; in 1977 over 1,200 pelts manufactured into different articles were on display in [[Kabul]] bazaars.&lt;ref name=Habibi1977/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Conservation ==<br /> The Asiatic wildcat is included on [[CITES Appendix II]]. It is protected in Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, [[Tajikistan]], [[Mongolia]], China and [[Russia]]. In Afghanistan, it has been placed on the country's first Protected Species List in 2009, banning all hunting and trading within the country, and is proposed as a priority species for future study.&lt;ref name=iucn/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|35em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons|Felis silvestris ornata}}<br /> {{Wikispecies|Felis silvestris}}<br /> *{{cite web |url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=102 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |title=Asiatic Wildcat}}<br /> <br /> {{Carnivora|Fe.}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q377282}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mammals described in 1832]]<br /> [[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]<br /> [[Category:Wildcats]]<br /> [[Category:African wildcat subspecies]]<br /> [[Category:Fauna of Iran]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals of Central Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals of India]]<br /> [[Category:Felidae of India]]<br /> [[Category:Mammals of China]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=HAL_Ajeet&diff=458934 2026-03-26T13:02:31Z

<p>Commercial Noida: refined references additionally and added references after review</p> <hr /> <div>{{pp-extended|small=yes}}<br /> &lt;!-- This article is a part of [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Bharatpedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --&gt;<br /> {{Short description|Fighter aircraft in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox aircraft<br /> | name = Ajeet<br /> | image = File:Ajeet at HAL Museum 7693.JPG<br /> | caption = The prototype Ajeet, E1083, preserved outside HAL's headquarters in Bangalore<br /> | type = Fighter<br /> | national_origin = India<br /> | manufacturer = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]]<br /> | first_flight = 6 March 1975<br /> | introduction = 1977<br /> | retired = 1991<br /> | status = Retired<br /> | primary_user = [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF)<br /> | more_users = <br /> | produced = <br /> | number_built = 89 (including 10 upgraded Gnats)<br /> | developed_from = [[Folland Gnat]]<br /> | variants = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''HAL Ajeet''' ({{langx|sa|अजीत}}; [[IAST]]: Ajīt, {{lit}} ''Undefeatable'' or ''Unconquerable'') was a [[jet propulsion|jet-powered]] [[fighter aircraft]] developed and manufactured by Indian [[aerospace]] manufacturer [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL). It was operated by the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) between 1977 and 1991.<br /> <br /> The Ajeet is a derivative of the British [[Folland Gnat]] light fighter aircraft. The Gnat, which had been procured in large numbers for the IAF and [[licensed production|produced under license]] by HAL, had acquitted itself favourably during its Indian service, including in active combat roles during multiple conflicts with Pakistan, including the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. As such, the IAF had a positive attitude towards the type, despite observing shortcomings in maintainability and some subsystems. Thus, during 1972, the service issued a requirement calling for the development of an upgraded and more capable variant of the Gnat, leading to the development of the Ajeet by HAL.<br /> <br /> In the design phase of the Ajeet, HAL redesigned several aspects of the aircraft while seeking to improve both the reliability and effectiveness of several subsystems, such as the [[avionics]] and [[hydraulics|hydraulic]] systems. The adoption of a [[wet wing]] expanded the fighter's internal fuel capacity and freed-up several underwing [[hardpoint]]s for other purposes, effectively increasing both the range and payload capability of the aircraft. On 6 March 1975, the first of two Ajeet prototypes, producing via the conversion of the final two licence-produced Gnat fighters, conducted its [[maiden flight]]. The satisfactory performance of these prototypes contributed to the issuing of a production order for the Ajeet. On 30 September 1976, the first production aircraft performed its maiden flight.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p288&quot;&gt;Chopra 1977, p. 288.&lt;/ref&gt; Introduced to service during the following year, the Ajeet had a relatively brief and unremarkable service life, equipping only a single IAF squadron and being withdrawn from service in 1991.<br /> <br /> ==Development==<br /> ===Background===<br /> During the 1950s, the government of India had come to an agreement with the United Kingdom to procure a large number of [[Folland Gnat]] fighters, a light combat-capable [[jet propulsion|jet-propelled]] aircraft, for the [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF). In addition to the acquisition of British-built Gnats, the type was also manufactured under a [[licensed production|licensing arrangement]] in India by aviation company [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL). During its production run, in excess of 200 aircraft were constructed by HAL for the IAF; as much as 85 per cent of the airframe and 60 per cent of the engine were domestically produced.&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 160&quot;/&gt; Around 1958, the first Gnat fighter was accepted by the IAF into squadron service.&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 159&quot;&gt;Smith 1994, p. 159.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> During its service life with the IAF, the Gnat proved to be relatively successful when deployed for active combat missions. The type was used in both the [[Indo-Pakistani Wars]] of [[India–Pakistan war of 1965|1965]] and [[India–Pakistan war of 1971|1971]] against neighbouring Pakistan. Operationally, it was used to conduct both low-level [[air superiority]] missions and to perform short range ground attack runs. Due to its effectiveness against Pakistani fighters, such the [[North American F-86 Sabre]], the type was given the moniker of ''Sabre Slayer''.&lt;ref&gt;Khan 2004, p. 137.&lt;/ref&gt; The Gnat was ultimately operated by the IAF for several decades up until its retirement during the 1980s.<br /> <br /> According to aviation author Pushpindar Chopra, the design of the Gnat had both positive and negative attributes; while being inexpensive to construct and to operate, several of the onboard systems had been allegedly prone to low levels of reliability, particularly the control system of the aircraft, while some aspects had proved to be difficult to maintain.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p284-6&quot;&gt;Chopra 1977, pp. 284–286.&lt;/ref&gt; The reliability issues had been a known contributing factor to several accidents which had resulted in the total loss of individual Gnats and the deaths of several pilots.&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 160&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Programme launch===<br /> Accordingly, while the Gnat had been determined to be effective as a combat aircraft, it was also viewed that there was room for improvement on the design of its subsystems. During 1972, the IAF therefore issued a formal requirement, calling for the development and production of an improved model of the Gnat. Although the original revision of the requirement had called for the type to be produced to function as an [[interceptor aircraft|interceptor]], it was subsequently modified to incorporate a secondary [[ground-attack]] role for the new model as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p286-7&quot;&gt;Chopra 1977, pp. 286–287.&lt;/ref&gt; According to a report by the Public Accounts Committee of the Indian Parliament, the IAF officials tasked with overseeing the programme lacked realistic concepts of what was involved in the development process nor firm ideas on what the aircraft was required for.&lt;ref name = &quot;gupta 50&quot;&gt;Gupta 1997, p. 50.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In response to the issuing of the original requirement, HAL set about designing their revision of the Gnat. Their work was greatly aided by an earlier decision by India to, upon the [[liquidation]] of [[Folland Aircraft]] during the 1960s, acquire many former assets of the company. The residual rights for the type had been transferred to the IAF while other items, such as the [[Jig (tool)|jig]]s and test apparatus, had been moved to HAL.&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 160&quot;&gt;Smith 1994, p. 160.&lt;/ref&gt; Early on, the fledgling aircraft design received the name &quot;Ajeet&quot;, [[Sanskrit]] for &quot;Invincible&quot; or &quot;Unconquered&quot;. As the design developed, differences between the Ajeet and the original model of the Gnat that had served as its starting point became considerable. During the development process, deliberate efforts were made to rectify the encountered shortcomings and troubles discovered within the design of the earlier Gnat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p287-8&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In support of the development programme, HAL decided to modify the final pair of Gnats on the production line to serve as prototypes for the Ajeet. On 6 March 1975, the first of these prototypes conducted its [[maiden flight]] while the second prototype following on 5 November that year. The flight testing phase of the programme reportedly validated the success of the re-designed aircraft, leading to a production order being placed for the Ajeet. On 30 September 1976, the first production aircraft performed its maiden flight.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p288&quot;/&gt; Despite this, as late as 1979, additional development tasks and changing requirements were being added onto the programme; these were attributed by defense analyst Amit Gupta as having caused the Ajeet's associated costs to substantially rise as well as having led to setbacks in the programme's manufacturing effort.&lt;ref name = &quot;gupta 50&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Further development===<br /> During the late 1970s and early 1980s, HAL undertook work on a project intending to produce a training-oriented variant of the Ajeet. During 1982, this programme had progressed to the point where the initial flight of a prototype for evaluation purposes occurred. This sole aircraft was soon lost in a crash later that same year. The following year, a second prototype performed its maiden flight and was closely followed by a third.<br /> <br /> However, information on the Ajeet trainer programme was received with a lack of interest on the part of the Indian government. IAF Air Commodore [[Jasjit Singh (IAF officer)|Jasjit Singh]] observed that there was little need for a trainer version of the Ajeet as the original Gnat had already been developed into a training aircraft and therefore could have been acquired already if the IAF had the desire to do so.&lt;ref&gt;Singh 2013, {{page needed|date=October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; The twin factors of the anticipated imminent phaseout of the Ajeet fighter and pessimism over the project's value from officials heavily contributed to the trainer initiative being curtailed without any further examples being produced. The two surviving aircraft were dispatched to briefly serve with the IAF's No.2 Squadron, where they were used until the phaseout of the Ajeet was completed in 1991.<br /> <br /> ==Design==<br /> [[File:HAL Ajeet F.1 (E1076) (or possibly IE1076) (26982567376).jpg|thumb|IAF Ajeet on undergoing cosmetic restoration, 2016]]<br /> The HAL Ajeet was a jet-propelled light fighter, primarily intended to function as a low-level [[interceptor aircraft]], while also being capable of ground-attack missions. Being a derivative of the earlier Gnat, the aircraft appeared to be visually similar to its predecessor; the presence of a pair of extra underwing [[hardpoint]]s being amongst the only obvious distinguishing features from the older Gnat. In general, the Ajeet was equipped with a variety of more capable [[avionics]] and onboard systems than the original design.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p288&quot;/&gt; However, the addition of these extra subsystems and features was not without consequence, as the Ajeet was less agile than the original Gnat.&lt;ref name = &quot;kumar 373&quot;&gt;Kumar 2012, p. 373.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the more significant changes made for the Ajeet was the addition of a [[wet wing]], housing aviation fuel in the interior space within the wing. This had several effects on the overall design, including the substantial expansion of its internal fuel capacity and the freeing up of several underwing hardpoints that had been previously occupied by external fuel tanks, allowing for their use in the carriage of other equipment and armaments.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p287&quot;&gt;Chopra 1977, p. 287.&lt;/ref&gt; Furthermore, the carriage of even-greater payloads was also enabled via the installation of an additional pair of underwing hardpoints.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p287&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Certain aspects of the aircraft were heavily redesigned from the Gnat, such as the much enhanced [[hydraulics|hydraulic]] systems, the improved [[landing gear]] arrangement, and refined control systems, to produce superior performance, compared to their original counterparts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p287-8&quot;&gt;Chopra 1977, pp. 287–288.&lt;/ref&gt; The control surfaces were enhanced via the adoption of a [[Stabilator|all-moving tail plane]] configuration, which was unique to the Ajeet.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p288&quot;/&gt; It was also decided to outfit the aircraft with improved [[Martin-Baker]] GF4 [[ejection seats]] for improved survivability.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajeet p288&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Operational history==<br /> During 1977, the HAL Ajeet was accepted into operational service with the IAF. However, only one squadron of the IAF ultimately operated the type, this being No.2 Squadron. According to political author Chris Smith, the lack of enthusiasm on the part of the IAF for the Ajeet was down to a change in attitudes; the service had allegedly become increasingly opposed to the use of single-engine aircraft while a preference for fighters capable of [[supersonic]] speeds had also grown, as such, the Ajeet contrasted poorly with these new priorities.&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 160&quot;/&gt; However, also according to Smith, the Ajeet benefitted both from the positive combat reputation garnered by the Gnat, as well as for its relatively low [[radar cross-section]] (RCS).&lt;ref name = &quot;smith 160&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Having fallen out of political favour, fewer than a hundred Ajeets were ultimately procured and the whole programme was effectively terminated barely a decade after its initiation.&lt;ref name = &quot;kumar 373&quot;/&gt; The aircraft built had relatively short and uneventful careers, and were retired from IAF service during 1991. The Ajeet was never deployed in combat operations.<br /> <br /> ==Variants==<br /> * '''Gnat Mk 2''' : The original Indian Air Force designation for the Ajeet Mk 1.<br /> * '''Ajeet Mk 1''' : Single-seat lightweight ground-attack and interceptor [[fighter aircraft]].<br /> * '''Ajeet Mk 2 Trainer''' : Two-seat advanced jet training prototype.<br /> <br /> ==Operators==<br /> ; {{IND}}<br /> * [[Indian Air Force]]<br /> ** [[No. 2 Squadron IAF|No. 2 Squadron]]<br /> <br /> ==Surviving aircraft==<br /> Survivors are listed at [[List of surviving Folland Gnats]].<br /> <br /> ==Specifications (HAL Ajeet)==<br /> {{Aircraft specs<br /> |ref= ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83''&lt;ref name=&quot;Janes 82 p93-4&quot;&gt;Taylor 1982, pp. 93–94.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |prime units?=met<br /> &lt;!--<br /> General characteristics<br /> --&gt;<br /> |crew=1<br /> |length m=9.04<br /> |length note=<br /> |span m=6.73<br /> |span note=<br /> |height m=2.46<br /> |height note=<br /> |wing area sqm=12.69<br /> |wing area note=<br /> |aspect ratio=3.56<br /> |airfoil=RAE 102&lt;ref name=&quot;Selig&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |empty weight kg=2307<br /> |empty weight note=<br /> |gross weight kg=3539<br /> |gross weight note=clean take-off weight<br /> |max takeoff weight kg=4173<br /> |max takeoff weight note=&lt;br&gt;<br /> *'''Normal landing weight:''' {{cvt|2767|kg|0}}<br /> |fuel capacity=<br /> |more general=<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Powerplant<br /> --&gt;<br /> |eng1 number=1<br /> |eng1 name=[[TJE HAL/Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 701-01]]<br /> |eng1 type=[[turbojet]] engine<br /> |eng1 kn=20<br /> |eng1 note=<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Performance<br /> --&gt;<br /> |max speed kmh=1152<br /> |max speed note=at sea level ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30°<br /> ::::{{cvt|1134|km/h|mph kn}} at sea level ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15°<br /> ::::{{cvt|1102|km/h|mph kn}} at sea level ISA<br /> *'''Maximum Mach number:''' M0.948 at {{cvt|12000|m}}, ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30°<br /> ::::M0.953 at {{cvt|12000|m}}, ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15°<br /> ::::M0.96 at {{cvt|12000|m}}, ISA<br /> |cruise speed kmh=<br /> |cruise speed note=<br /> |stall speed kmh=<br /> |stall speed note=<br /> |never exceed speed kmh=<br /> |never exceed speed note=<br /> |range km=<br /> |range note=<br /> |combat range km=172<br /> |combat range note=lo-lo-lo, with two {{cvt|250|kg|0}} bombs<br /> |ferry range km=<br /> |ferry range note=<br /> |endurance=&lt;!-- if range unknown --&gt;<br /> |ceiling m=13720<br /> |ceiling sigfig=2<br /> |ceiling note=<br /> |g limits=&lt;!-- aerobatic --&gt;<br /> |roll rate=&lt;!-- aerobatic --&gt;<br /> |climb rate ms=<br /> |climb rate note=<br /> |time to altitude={{cvt|12000|m}} in 6 minutes 2 seconds<br /> |wing loading kg/m2=328.8<br /> |wing loading note=max<br /> |fuel consumption kg/km=<br /> |thrust/weight=<br /> |more performance=&lt;br/&gt;<br /> *'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt|1376|m|-2}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30° at {{cvt|4136|kg|0}}, 2x rocket pod and 2x drop tanks<br /> ::::{{cvt|1180|m}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15° at {{cvt|4136|kg|0}}, 2x rocket pod and 2x drop tanks<br /> ::::{{cvt|1034|m|-2}} ISA at {{cvt|4136|kg|0}}, 2x rocket pod and 2x drop tanks<br /> *'''Landing run no brake chute:''' {{cvt|1047|m}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30° at NLW<br /> :::{{cvt|997|m|-2}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15° at NLW<br /> :::{{cvt|951|m}} ISA at NLW<br /> *'''Landing run with brake chute:''' {{cvt|725|m}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30° at NLW<br /> ::::{{cvt|695|m}} ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15° at NLW<br /> ::::{{cvt|658|m|-2}} ISA at NLW<br /> *'''Sustained turn:''' 5g - ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;30° at {{cvt|834|km/h|mph kn}}, sea level<br /> ::::5.28g - ISA &lt;big&gt;+&lt;/big&gt;15° at {{cvt|834|km/h|mph kn}}, sea level<br /> ::::5.3g ISA at {{cvt|834|km/h|mph kn}}, sea level<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Armament<br /> --&gt;<br /> |guns=2 × {{cvt|30|mm|3}} [[ADEN Mk.4 cannon]] with 90 rpg<br /> |hardpoints=4<br /> |hardpoint capacity={{cvt|900|kg}} total<br /> |hardpoint rockets=rocket pods<br /> |hardpoint missiles=<br /> |hardpoint bombs=2 × {{cvt|250|kg|0}} bombs<br /> |hardpoint other= 2 × {{cvt|136.5|L|USgal impgal}} drop tanks<br /> <br /> |avionics=<br /> :* [[Ferranti]] F195R/3 ISIS weapons sight<br /> :* Ferranti navigation system<br /> :* [[Vinten]] G90 gun camera<br /> :* [[Bendix Aviation|Bendix]] TA/RA-22 VHF tx/Rx {V/UHF later)<br /> :* Bendix BEL AX-3 standby VHF<br /> :* Bendix DFA-73 ADF<br /> :* [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]] Mk.10<br /> <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Notable appearances in media==<br /> An Ajeet and four privately owned Gnat T.1s portrayed the fictional carrier-based &quot;Oscar EW-5894 Phallus&quot; tactical fighter bombers flown by US Navy pilots in the 1991 comedy ''[[Hot Shots!]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.impdb.org/index.php?title=Hot_Shots! &quot;Hot Shots! (1991).&quot;] ''IMPDb.'' Retrieved 28 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{aircontent<br /> |related=<br /> * [[Folland Gnat]]<br /> * [[Folland Midge]]<br /> <br /> |similar aircraft=<br /> * [[Northrop F-5]]<br /> * [[Northrop T-38 Talon]]<br /> * [[T-33 Shooting Star]]<br /> <br /> |lists=<br /> * [[List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force]]<br /> <br /> |see also=<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite magazine |last=Chopra |first=Pushpindar |title=Ajeet |magazine=Air International |volume=12 |issue=6 |date=June 1977 |pages=284–290 |location=Bromley, UK |publisher=Fine Scroll}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Amit |title=Building an Arsenal: The Evolution of Regional Power Force Structures |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1997 |isbn=0-2759-5787-X}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Taylor |first=John W. R. |author-link=John W. R. Taylor |title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83 |location=London, UK |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |year=1982 |isbn=0-7106-0748-2}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Khan |first=J. A. |title=Air Power and Challenges to IAF |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=8-1764-8593-4}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Satish |title=India’s National Security: Annual Review 2009 |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=1-1367-0491-4}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Jasjit |title=Indian Air Force: The Case for Indigenisation |publisher=KW Publishers Pvt Ltd |year=2013 |isbn=9-3857-1483-X}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Chris |title=India's Ad Hoc Arsenal: Direction or Drift in Defence Policy? |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-1982-9168-X}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category}}<br /> * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20020614210520/http://www.vectorsite.net/avgnat.html Folland Gnat / HAL Ajeet from Greg Goebel's Air Vectors]}}<br /> <br /> {{HAL aircraft}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:HAL aircraft|Ajeet]]<br /> [[Category:1970s Indian fighter aircraft]]<br /> [[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]<br /> [[Category:Shoulder-wing aircraft]]<br /> [[Category:India–United Kingdom military relations]]<br /> [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1976]]<br /> [[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Poovathingal&diff=524902 2026-03-26T10:21:32Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Starting Pg</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Paul Poovathingal<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_name = P.P.Paul<br /> | birth_date = 1961<br /> | alias = Padum Pathiri, Singing Priest<br /> | origin = [[Thrissur]], Kerala, India<br /> | genre = [[Indian classical music]] &lt;br&gt; [[playback singer|playback singing]]&lt;br&gt; Music Director Vocologist<br /> | occupation = Singer, composer, priest<br /> | years_active = 1992–present<br /> | website = http://www.chetanavocology.com, http://www.thesingingpriest.com<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Paul Poovathingal''' (born 1961), popularly known as the 'Padum Pathiri' or 'singing priest of India',&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thesingingpriest.com/ The Singing Priest- Website]&lt;/ref&gt; is a [[carnatic music]] ([[Indian classical music]]) vocalist, composer and lyricist and is the first [[Vocology|vocologist]] in India. He is an ordained priest in the religious congregation of the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI)]]. He has composed around 1000 songs and released 35 music albums.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.devaragam.com/vbscript/MusicNew.aspx?MovieId=1921 |title=Snehasarovaram -Music Album −1991 |access-date=3 September 2011 |archive-date=8 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208104749/http://devaragam.com/vbscript/MusicNew.aspx?MovieId=1921 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a disciple of the legendary Carnatic musician and playback singer Padmabhushan [[K. J. Yesudas]] and of Chandramana Narayan Namboothiri. He is the first Indian Christian priest in the world to earn PhD in [[Carnatic music]]. He has performed classical music before [[A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]], President of India and before [[Bharat Ratna]] [[M. S. Subbulakshmi|M.S. Subbulakshmi]].<br /> <br /> == Spirituality and music ==<br /> He focuses on the spiritual dimension of Indian classical music. He is also a proponent of music yoga ([[nada yoga]]) and advocates regular practice of [[pranayama]] to improve voice and general well-being. He also promotes religious harmony through the medium of music.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20041127101247/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/14/stories/2004091403830500.htm K. Santhosh. 2004. 'Carnatic Ragas from the Pulpit]', The Hindu 14 September 2004&lt;/ref&gt; His music repertoire encompasses devotional songs based on Christian, Muslim and Hindu religious themes. His music compositions are based on [[Raga|carnatic music melody (raga)]] using the [[Carnatic musical scale]] (swara). They have a humanistic and universal appeal.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110916044505/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-16/news-and-interviews/28139535_1_carnatic-music-kritis-raga Carnatic music gets a Christian touch], The Times of India, 16 Jan 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121110060653/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/03/06/stories/2009030650830300.htm G.S.Paul, Harmonious Notes], 'the Hindu' 6 March 2009&lt;/ref&gt; According to Poovathingal, &quot;''music is a bridge between all religions''&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://mutiny.wordpress.com/2007/01/26/the-singing-priest/ |title=The Singing Priest, Mutiny.WordPress.com |access-date=3 September 2011 |archive-date=17 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917033457/http://mutiny.wordpress.com/2007/01/26/the-singing-priest/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> '''[[Inculturation]] of Music in Church in India'''&lt;br /&gt;<br /> He has been an exponent of '[[inculturation]]' or the process to express Christian faith through indigenous art forms, adapting indigenous cultural expressions. His research was in the field of [[ethnomusicology]] and focused on [[carnatic music]] and Christianity. He has popularised Indian Christian themes in Carnatic music. He introduced raga-based chanting in Christian liturgical music in [[Kerala]] and [[India]].<br /> <br /> == Education and career ==<br /> Poovathingal learnt music, during his school years, from CC Chummar, a musician of [[Viyyur]], [[Thrissur]]. He used to win prizes in music competitions. He started studying Indian classical music at the age of 17 under Sodharan Bhagavathar of Varandarappilly, Thrissur. He started musical compositions while studying in the seminary. While studying in [[Christ College, Bangalore]] and [[Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram|Dharmaram Vidyapeeth]], Bangalore, he continued his music practice under Vidwan VK Krishnamurthy. He completed his priestly formation and studies in philosophy and theology and was ordained a priest in 1990. In 1996, Tarangini Music produced music album 'Snehasarovaram' with 8 Christian devotional songs composed by him and sung by K J Yesudas and Sujata. In 1992 he joined the Sangeeth Siromani Course in Delhi University and continued his studies in music in [[Delhi University]] earning M.A. Music Degree with distinction and earning the gold medal. In Delhi, he learnt music from T.N.Krishnan, T. R. Subramaniam, Leela Omcheri, Guruvayoor T. V. Manikandan, Vasanthi Rao, Radha Venkitachalam, Deepti etc. He continued his studies in Carnatic Music during 1996–2004 period and obtained M.Phil. and PhD in Carnatic Music from [[University of Madras]]. In Chennai, he also learned music from Vaikom Jayachandran. His doctoral thesis submitted in 2003 was guided by Karaikudi Subaramanian, and titled 'Carnatic Music and Christianity'. He studied vocology in [[Columbia University]] in 2003 and at the [[National Center for Voice and Speech|National Center for Voice and Speech, Denver, Colorado]] in 2006.<br /> <br /> As a music researcher, he has published 11 research papers on various aspects of Karnatic Music and its relation to religion, philosophy and Christianity.<br /> <br /> == Indian classical music concerts ==<br /> He has staged Indian classical music performances in USA, Canada, European countries, [[UAE]], [[Bahrain]], South Africa and [[India]]. His musical concerts have been widely acclaimed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98VR2QPaAQU |title=Musical Concert – Dr. Paul Poovathingal |publisher=YouTube |date=7 October 2007 |accessdate=26 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8PV2VNDCHk Fr Poovathingal's musical concert]&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Poovathingal performed before A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, President of India, at the [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rastrapati Bhavan]], New Delhi on 11 June 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Singing Priest Enthralls Audience at President's Palace: {{cite web |url=http://smcim.smonline.org/news33.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-09-03 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317004121/http://smcim.smonline.org/news33.htm |archivedate=17 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; He was accompanied by Prof Abdul Aziz on the violin, Guruvayur Sanoj on the [[mridangam]] and Shornur Rajesh on the [[ghatam]] (a pot-shaped percussion instrument). He started the concert with 'Vatapi Ganapathim' in [[Hamsadhvani]] (in praise of [[Ganesha]], the Hindu deity symbolising the power of the Supreme Being to remove all obstacles and ensure success in one's endeavours, and also symbolising the conquest of one's ego). This was followed by 'Salathullah Salamullah' (a song in praise of Allah) in [[Ananda Bhairavi|Anandha Bhairavi]] ragam. He then sang 'Sree Yesu Natham' in [[Abhogi]] ragam. He also sang the song 'Jai ho, Jai Ho Bharatmata Ki', a national integration song evoking patriotism, in '[[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]' ragam. He ended the concert with the song 'Loka Samastha Sukhino Bhavanthu' (an invocation for harmony in all creation) in '[[Madhyamavathi]] ragam'. Abdul Kalaam referred to their musical troupe as a 'national integration team' uniting religions and hearts.<br /> <br /> == Chetana Sangeet Natya Academy ==<br /> <br /> The Chetana group of Institutions for Performing Arts in Thrissur, Kerala, India, is managed by the [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|CMI Congregation]]. Chetana Sangeet Natya Academy, Thrissur was founded by Poovathingal in April 2005. It was inaugurated by K J Yesudas and blessed by [[Cardinal Vithayathil]]. Currently he functions as Director of the academy.<br /> <br /> In February 2007, he produced [[Arnos Pathiri]]'s Puthenpana (Life of Christ) using Indian Classical Dance form ([[Bharata Natyam]] and [[Mohiniattam]]) and Karnatic Music. He provided the concept and composed the music along with Abdul Azeez. The dance was choreographed by Kalamandalam Shobana Sajeev Kumar and Kalamandalam Husnabanu. The music was sung by Kalamandalam Rajeev. The dance was presented by teachers and students of Chetana Sangeet Natya Academy.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121110144842/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/02/09/stories/2007020900910200.htm Laudable Choreography, GS Paul], 'the Hindu', 9 February 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Chetana Music College ===<br /> In 2007, '''Chetana Music College''', Thrissur was inaugurated by [[K.J. Yesudas]]. The college is currently affiliated to the [[University of Madras]]. Poovathingal is the founder-Principal of Chetana Music College.<br /> <br /> === Chetanotsavam ===<br /> Poovathingal has been organising Chetanotsavam, a national music and dance festival, at Chetana Sangeeth Natya Academy, Thrissur since 2005. <br /> Chetanotsavam-2010 was a two-day music and dance festival organised by Chetana Sangeet Natya Academy and Chetana Music College in Thrissur. The highlights of the festival included a two-hour Carnatic music concert by Mavelikkara P. Subramaniam, a kuchipudi dance performance by Sreelakshmi Govardhan and a contemporary dance by a Mexican artiste Abril Gomez.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thehindu.com/arts/dance/article415402.ece Inspiring Performances, G.S.Paul], 'the Hindu', 29 April 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Chetana National Institute of Vocology ==<br /> Paul Poovathingal founded [http://chetanavocology.com/ Chetana National Institute of Vocology] in [[Thrissur]], Kerala, India in 2005. The Institute of Vocology is the first of its kind in India. [[Ingo Titze|Prof Ingo Titze]] (known as the father of vocology) is an advisor to the Board of the institute. The institute has been conducting certificate courses and seminars on vocology. The institute also has a voice clinic run by Poovathingal.<br /> <br /> === Voice clinic ===<br /> Poovathingal is a pioneering vocologist of India, helping those who have voice problems. His voice clinics and [[vocology]] seminars help to guide musicians, actors, teachers, managers, speakers, lawyers and anyone who uses voice, to improve voice delivery.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.scrollindia.com/tourism-zone/about-vocology-voice-culture-useful-and-necessary |title=About the first vocal clinic in India dealing with all kinds of voice problems |publisher= |date=21 March 2011 |accessdate=26 June 2013 |archive-date=29 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729180232/http://www.scrollindia.com/tourism-zone/about-vocology-voice-culture-useful-and-necessary/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://gspaul.com/interview1.html The Singing Priest with a Healing Mission, GS Paul, 'Vignette']&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Fr. Paul Poovathingal says: &quot;''Voice is a gift from God. Every voice is unique and distinct. Voice is an inseparable part of human personality.''&quot;<br /> <br /> == Recognition and awards ==<br /> He has received the awards listed below:<br /> * Fr.Paul was honoured By Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam, President Of India at Rashtrapati Bhavan( President's House) 2007<br /> * Saraswathi Millennium Award (2006) from the Saraswathi Trust, New York City.<br /> * Rio Grande Puraskaram (2007) from Indian Cultural Association, McAllen, Texas, USA.<br /> * Kerala (India) Catholic Bishops Conference Award (2008) for contribution to Christian classical music.<br /> * Kala Ratna Award (2009) from Kala Sadan, Thrissur, India.<br /> * Senior Fellowship award from Cultural Ministry, Govt. of India, New Delhi<br /> * [[Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]] (2014) for Carnatic Music (Indian Classical)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/classical-music-a-ksna/464 |title=Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award: Classical Music |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala |access-date=26 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Maryvijayam Award, Thrissur, Kerala 2015<br /> * Sander K. Thomas Cultural Award, Thrissur, Kerala 2015<br /> * Thrichur Archdiocesan media Award, Thrissur, Kerala 2018<br /> * J.C. Daniel Kalaratna Award 2019<br /> * Dr.Suvarna Nalappat Trust Award, Guruvayoor 2019<br /> * Indo-American Press Club International Award, Houston, USA 2019<br /> * Fr.Paul was nominated as a member Fine Arts Faculty( advisory Board) of Malayalam University, Thirur, Kerala<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Poovathingal, Paul}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]<br /> [[Category:1961 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian classical composers]]<br /> [[Category:Malayalam-language lyricists]]<br /> [[Category:Syro-Malabar priests]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Thrissur]]<br /> [[Category:Male Carnatic singers]]<br /> [[Category:Carnatic singers]]<br /> [[Category:Singers from Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male classical singers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Award]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_Naidu_College_for_Women&diff=456696 2026-03-22T09:54:39Z

<p>Commercial Noida: slightly updated information per sources and improved wording</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Sarojini Naidu College for Women<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | image =<br /> | image_size = 100px<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | latin_name = <br /> | other_name = &lt;!--or, other_names--&gt;<br /> | former_name = &lt;!--or, former_names--&gt;<br /> | motto = <br /> | motto_lang = <br /> | mottoeng = <br /> | top_free_label = <br /> | top_free = <br /> | type = General Degree college with UG &amp; PG section<br /> | established = {{start date|1956}}<br /> | closed = &lt;!-- {{end date|YYYY}} --&gt;<br /> | founder = <br /> | parent = <br /> | affiliation = [[West Bengal State University]]<br /> | religious_affiliation = <br /> | academic_affiliation = <br /> | endowment = <br /> | budget = <br /> | officer_in_charge = <br /> | chairman = <br /> | chairperson = <br /> | chancellor = <br /> | president = <br /> | vice-president = <br /> | superintendent = <br /> | vice_chancellor = <br /> | provost = <br /> | rector = <br /> | principal = Dr. Urmila Ukil<br /> | director = <br /> | dean = <br /> | head_label = <br /> | head = <br /> | academic_staff = <br /> | administrative_staff = <br /> | students = <br /> | undergrad = <br /> | postgrad = <br /> | doctoral = <br /> | other = <br /> | address = 30, Jessore Road <br /> | city = [[Dum Dum]]<br /> | state = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | province = <br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | postcode = 700028<br /> | coordinates = {{Coord|22.6266261|N|88.4177518|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}<br /> | pushpin_map = India Kolkata#India<br /> | campus = Urban<br /> | language = <br /> | free_label = <br /> | free = <br /> | free_label2 = <br /> | free2 = <br /> | colors = &lt;!--or, colours= --&gt;<br /> | athletics = <br /> | sports = <br /> | athletics_nickname = &lt;!--or, sports_nickname= --&gt;<br /> | sporting_affiliations = <br /> | mascot = &lt;!--or, mascots= --&gt;<br /> | sports_free_label = <br /> | sports_free = <br /> | sports_free_label2 = <br /> | sports_free2 = <br /> | website = {{URL|http://www.sncwgs.ac.in/|sncwgs.ac.in}}<br /> | logo =<br /> | logo_size = 100px<br /> | logo_alt = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Sarojini Naidu College for Women''', established in 1956, is a women's college in [[Dum Dum]], [[Kolkata]]. It offers undergraduate courses in arts and sciences and postgraduate courses in Bengali and English. It is affiliated to [[West Bengal State University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Affiliated College of West Bengal State University |url=http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029065002/http://www.wbsubcollegeinfo.org/list_colleges.php |archivedate=2012-10-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The name commemorates the legacy of freedom fighter and poet [[Sarojini Naidu]].<br /> <br /> ==Departments==<br /> <br /> ===Science===<br /> *Geography<br /> *Chemistry<br /> *Physics<br /> *Mathematics<br /> *Botany<br /> *Zoology<br /> *Anthropology<br /> *Molecular Biology<br /> *Psychology<br /> *Food and Nutrition<br /> *Environmental Science<br /> *Computer Application<br /> <br /> ===Arts&amp;Commerce===<br /> *Bengali<br /> *English<br /> *Sanskrit<br /> *History<br /> *Political Science<br /> *Philosophy<br /> *Economics<br /> *Psychology<br /> *Sociology<br /> *Hindi<br /> *Education<br /> *Physical Education<br /> *Commerce<br /> <br /> ==Accreditation==<br /> Sarojini Naidu College for Women is recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/browse_reco_colleges.php?st=West%20Bengal Colleges in WestBengal, University Grants Commission]&lt;/ref&gt; It was accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) and awarded A grade with 2.89 CGPA (4th Cycle, dated 16.01.2016 at E.C. of NAAC).<br /> <br /> ==Notable alumni==<br /> *[[Shweta Bhattacharya]], Actress<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Education in India]]<br /> *[[List of colleges in West Bengal]]<br /> *[[Education in West Bengal]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.sncwgs.ac.in/ Sarojini Naidu College for Women]<br /> <br /> {{West Bengal State University}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1956]]<br /> [[Category:Colleges affiliated to West Bengal State University]]<br /> [[Category:Women's universities and colleges in West Bengal]]<br /> [[Category:1956 establishments in West Bengal]]<br /> <br /> {{Kolkata-university-stub}}</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_Zoo_%26_Black_Buck_Breeding_Centre,_Pipli&diff=517668 2026-03-16T11:58:28Z

<p>Commercial Noida: started data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Mini Zoo, Pipli<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = <br /> | image_skyline = Antilope cervicapra from velavadar.JPG<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Haryana#India<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> U<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|29|59|08|N|76|53|37|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Haryana]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Kurukshetra district]]<br /> | established_title =<br /> | established_date = 1982<br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Government of Haryana]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Forests Department, Haryana]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = <br /> | population_as_of = <br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = <br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = <br /> | website = [http://www.haryanaforest.gov.in www.haryanaforest.gov.in]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Mini Zoo''' is located on [[Grand Trunk Road]] near Pipli bus stand in [[Kurukshetra]], [[Haryana]], [[India]].<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> Spread over 27 acres of land along the National Highway-1 in Kurukshetra, Pipli zoo is one of the three maintained zoos of the state wildlife department. The other two are in Rohtak and Bhiwani. The zoo has the following animals:&lt;ref&gt;[http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx Haryana Forests Dept] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx |date=12 May 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{div col|colwidth=30em}}<br /> * [[Asiatic lion]]<br /> * [[Blackbuck]]<br /> * [[Hanuman langur]]<br /> * [[Chital]] (spotted deer)<br /> * [[Indian leopard]]<br /> * [[Hyena]]<br /> * [[Jackal]]<br /> * [[Peafowl]]<br /> * [[Red jungle fowl]]<br /> * [[Hippopotamus]]<br /> * [[Gharial]]<br /> * [[Mugger crocodile|Mugger]]<br /> * [[Sambar deer|Sambar]]<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Incidents related to zoos in Haryana==<br /> * [[Deer Park, Hisar]], founded in 1970–71, is oldest among zoos and deer parks in [[Haryana]]<br /> * Haryana is now left with 5 tigers in captivity: 2 each in [[Mini Zoo, Bhiwani]] and [[Rohtak Zoo]] and 1 in Pipali Zoo&lt;ref&gt;[http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/tigress-killed-by-tiger-in-haryana-zoo_681964.html Tigress killed by tiger in Haryana zoo]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In 2003, a baby baboon was born in Pipali Zoo&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031223/haryana.htm Baby Baboon born in Pipli Zoo]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In 2009, tiger ''Apaya'' of Bhiwani zoo attacked and killed another tigress.&lt;ref&gt;[http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/tigress-killed-by-tiger-in-haryana-zoo_681964.html Tigress killed by tiger in Haryana zoo]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In 2011, tiger ''Apaya'' of Bhiwani zoo entered the enclosure of another tigress ''Rani'' and attacked her. Rani died and was buried on the zoo premises.<br /> * In 2011 another tiger ''Brondis'' had killed a caretaker in Bhiwani zoo.<br /> * In 2014, 43 private school kids who were visiting Bhiwnai zoo were attacked by the bees.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.amarujala.com/news/states/haryana/bhiwani/children-visiting-the-zoo-was-bitten-by-bees-hindi-news/ चिड़ियाघर घूमने आए बच्चों को मधुमक्खियों ने काटा]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Riverfont==<br /> <br /> '''Pipli Sarasvati Riverfont''' is being developed are a riverfront. In 2021, [[Haryana Sarasvati Heritage Development Board]]&lt;!-- Per wiki guidelines, retain redlink to cnourage its creation. --&gt; initiated projects to develop 5 river fronts under the under [[Adi Badri, Haryana#SR|Sarasvatio Revival Project]] on the rejuvenated [[Sarasvati river]] at Pipli, [[Pehowa#Prithudak Teerth|Pehowa]], [[Bilaspur, Haryana|Bilaspur]], [[Dosarka]]&lt;!-- Per wiki guidelines, retain redlink to cnourage its creation. --&gt; (on Panchkula-Yamunanagar [[National Highway 344 (India)|NH-344]] near Sirsgarh) and the [[Theh Polar]]&lt;!-- Per wiki guidelines, retain redlink to cnourage its creation. --&gt; (near [[Indus Valley Civilisation|Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilisation]] archaeological site on Kaithal-Guhla [[List of highways in Haryana|SH-11]]). Pipli riverfront will be on the pattern [[Sabarmati Riverfront]].&lt;ref name=de1&gt;[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/haryanas-saraswati-heritage-board-to-develop-5-riverfronts-285084 Haryana's Saraswati heritage board to develop 5 riverfronts], The Tribune, 19 Jul 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It is one of the important [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]] in the [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> <br /> Representative album of types of animals and birds found in this zoo.<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> blackbucknsm.jpg|Blackbuck fleeing<br /> Blackbuck male female.jpg|Male and female blackbucks<br /> Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) in Hyderabad, crop.jpg|Antelope jumping<br /> An_Indian_monkey_(bandar)_in_Malsi_Deer_Park_(photo_-_Jim_Ankan_Deka).jpg|Bandar (monkey)<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]]<br /> * [[Gita Mahotsav]]<br /> * [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)]]<br /> * [[List of protected areas of Haryana]]<br /> * [[Parikrama]]<br /> * [[Sadaura]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * A video of a [[Bengal tiger]] in Pipli Zoo is [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDp1LVLSW7o here].<br /> <br /> {{Protected areas of Haryana}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Animal Sanctuaries}}<br /> [[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Zoos in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:1970 establishments in Haryana]]<br /> [[Category:Animal breeding organisations in India]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roque_Santana_Fernandes&diff=530896 2026-03-16T11:20:35Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description| Indian politician and freedom fighter (1927–2007)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Roque Santana Fernandes<br /> | birth_name = Roque Santana Joao Fernandes <br /> | image = Roque Santana Fernandes.jpg<br /> | caption = Portrait of Fernandes<br /> | office = [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly|Member of Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Cuncolim Assembly constituency|Cuncolim]]<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Politician|freedom fighter}}<br /> | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1989–2007)<br /> | majority = {{plainlist|<br /> * 3,774 (43.62%){{efn|for the year 1967–1972; followed by the next term.}}<br /> * 5,337 (58.44%)}}<br /> | other_party = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Goa Pradesh Congress Committee]]<br /> * [[United Goans (Sequiera Group)]] (1967–1977)<br /> * [[Congress (I)]]<br /> * [[Indian National Congress]] (1977–1989)}}<br /> | term_start = 1967<br /> | term_end = 5 January 1977<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1927|3|15|df=y}}<br /> | predecessor = [[Sebastiao Mazarelo]]<br /> | successor = [[Ferdino Rebello]]<br /> | birth_place = [[Velim, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|1|12|1927|3|15|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Brookdale Hospital]], [[Brooklyn]], U.S<br /> | spouse = Emerita Barreto<br /> | committees = {{hlist|<br /> * Freedom Fighter's Rehabilitation Board <br /> * Government Assurances<br /> * Privileges<br /> * Estimates}}<br /> | alma_mater = St. Anthony's High School <br /> | known_for = Introduction of Goan democracy <br /> | children = 4<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Roque Santana Joao Fernandes''' (15 March 1927 – 12 January 2007) was an Indian politician and [[freedom fighter]] who served as a member of the [[Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Cuncolim Election Result 2022 LIVE: Cuncolim MLA Election Result &amp; Vote Share - Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/cuncolim-assembly-elections-ga-34/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; from 1967 to 1977, representing the [[Cuncolim Assembly constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goa Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/member_detail.php?mem_id=164 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www.goavidhansabha.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is known as the &quot;Father of Goan Democracy&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 June 2013 |title=Roque Santana anniversary observed |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Budget-Session/11th-jun-2013/65755 |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=oHeraldo}}&lt;/ref&gt; and was responsible for the introduction of [[democracy]] by objecting to the Lt. Governor's nomination through his ''[[satyagraha]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=Goa: A pacific paradise for every traveler |url=https://www.goacoworking.com/history-of-goa-statehood-and-unique-identity/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Goa Coworking |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was one of the prominent people that contributed to [[Goa liberation movement]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 September 2022 |title=164_promember_RoqueFernandes.pdf |url=https://www.goavidhansabha.gov.in/uploads/members/164_promember_RoqueFernandes.pdf |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=goavidhansabha.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 1975 |title=Official Gazette Goa, Daman and Diu |url=http://goaprintingpress.gov.in/downloads/7576/7576-1-SI-OG.rtf |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=goaprintingpress.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early and personal life==<br /> Roque Santana Fernandes was born on 15 March 1927 in [[Velim, Goa]], (formerly known as Velliapura), which was part of [[Portuguese India]], during the [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India). His father was Avelino Fernandes. He belonged to the Velliapura royal family. He completed his schooling at St. Anthony's High School. Soon after his mother's death at a young age, Fernandes moved to [[Bombay]] (present-day [[Mumbai]]) and resided in a community apartment known as ''Koud''.<br /> <br /> Fernandes was married to Emerita Barreto and had four children, Sanjay, Sahaji, Suhashini and Dr. Sanjit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goan Voice UK: Newsletter. Issue 2007-03. Jan. 18, 2007 |url=http://www.goanvoice.org.uk/newsletter/2007/Jan/issue3/ |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=www.goanvoice.org.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; He and his father were also involved in [[pilgrimage]] work and escorted people that came from ''[[ghats]]'', to show their affection and respect to the [[pilgrims]] in ''Velliapura''.<br /> <br /> == Role in Goa's freedom struggle (1949–1961) ==<br /> ===Early years===<br /> Fernandes was influenced by his elder cousin, Amarante D'costa, and motivational speeches&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=[Goanet] Roque Santana: man who wanted Goa free |url=https://goanet.goanet.narkive.com/eU0HMyfe/roque-santana-man-who-wanted-goa-free |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=goanet.goanet.narkive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to take part in liberating Goa from the colonial rule. He also held secret meetings along with his father for his plan of action in contributing to Goa's freedom struggle.<br /> <br /> Young Fernandes was also responsible along with his associates, one identified as Dattaram Ganesh Kolvenkar,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Dattaram Ganesh Kolvenkar |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?4205 |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; during Portuguese regime to disappear from their watch and cross the borders of Goa-[[Karnataka]] to spend time with the pilgrim families and used the same foreign borderline villages as launching grounds for his attacks on the Portuguese.<br /> <br /> The year 1949, marked Fernandes's first contribution to Goa's freedom struggle. It was during the Christmas holidays wherein Fernandes was held responsible for the conspiracy to sabotage the reception which was organized for the Portuguese Governor General, [[Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias]], at the [[Indo-Portuguese]] institute in [[Dhobitalao]], Bombay.<br /> <br /> Fernandes and his associates were also caught destroying a large-size photograph of then Prime minister of Portugal, Dr. [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]. The Portuguese consul later filed a criminal case against them at the Bombay Metropolitan Magistrate court.<br /> <br /> ===Injury===<br /> Around the 1950s, after serving his sentence, Fernandes and other freedom fighters of the ''[[Azad Gomantak Dal]]'' were headed in a vehicle to one of the Portuguese police outposts{{efn|claimed police outposts based on various sources were either in Betim or ''Chandrapura'' (present-day [[Chandor]]).}} with loaded ammunition to initiate an attack for an attempt to free [[Salsette Island]]. The plan was however unsuccessful as the information was leaked to the police personnel by Pro-Portuguese [[Goans]].<br /> <br /> As a result of this, Fernandes and his accomplices came under direct crossfire by the Portuguese police. Only two police personnel out of the five survived and were later aided by Dr. Antonio Correia de Lima. Fernandes was shot in his thigh and was critically injured.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de Souza |first=Teotonio R. |date=2010 |title=Goa in Retrospect: Colonial Memories Published Recently in Goa and in Portugal |url=https://ojs.lib.umassd.edu/index.php/plcs/article/download/PLCS17_18_deSouza_page141/400 |website=ojs.lib.umassd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=[Goanet] 50 years celebration of Goa Legislative Assembly |url=http://lists.goanet.org/pipermail/goanet-goanet.org/2014-January/151043.html |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=lists.goanet.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was presumably considered dead, the locals also recall of how Fernandes's father, Avelino spat about his family's historical bad luck. However he refused to hold the last rites for his son and had hopes he'd survive.<br /> <br /> === Imprisonment===<br /> In 1950, Fernandes was arrested for underground pro-liberation activities while having lunch with his associates at Hotel Salcette in [[Margao]]. He was then taken to Portuguese [[military court]] and was incarcerated for 20 months in [[Fort Aguada|Aguada Central Jail]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Kanekar |first=Suresh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5JdC1iyNFMC&amp;dq=roque+santana+fernandes&amp;pg=PA76 |title=Of Mangoes and Monsoons |date=2009-11-13 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4628-1605-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After his recovery from the injury, Fernandes was sentenced to 18 years in [[solitary confinement]] at Aguada Central Jail. He was later released along with other freedom fighters on 19 December 1961, the day Goa liberated from Portuguese reign which was later called as [[Goa Liberation Day]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Gomantak |title=Freedom fighters oppose Lobo's statement to establish memorial at Aguada fort/jail |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/news/goa/freedom-fighters-oppose-lobo’s-statement-establish-memorial-aguada-fortjail-1439 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Gomantak Times |date=26 February 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Intervention of Nehru===<br /> Soon after the incident at the police outpost, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] intervened and issued a warning to the Portuguese government, which was later carried by newspapers in Goa and [[Bombay]], following this Fernandes survived and was saved by medical treatment. Many local Goans were also attacked by the Portuguese, which lead Jawaharlal Nehru to take action and commence [[Operation Vijay (1961)|Operation Vijay]].<br /> <br /> ===Liberation of Goa===<br /> The liberation from the Portuguese was a &quot;personal victory&quot; to the father-son duo, Avelino and Fernandes. The latter was also welcomed home by his well wishers and family with waving palm leaves. In an interview with the Portuguese national TV in 1987, Fernandes also stated that he had forgiven the Portuguese colonial rulers and proclaimed his reconciliation with the people of [[Portugal]]. Post-liberation, Fernandes also worked against Goa's poor equality status, [[caste system]], and corruption.<br /> <br /> == Role in Goan democracy (1962–1963)==<br /> On 17 June 1962, Fernandes made a public announcement at ''Veliapura'' (present-day [[Velim, Goa|Velim]]) compound in presence of Gopala Handoo, representative of India Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and his father, Avelino, that he aims to provide democracy to his people.<br /> <br /> Fernandes was believed by many locals as a democratic warrior that was recognised as a &quot;one man power&quot; in Goa. He went on a fast until death, demanding that the members of the Goa Parliament be elected by the people and not appointed directly by any other government representative. Soon after his demands were met, Fernandes terminated his [[hunger strike]] and engaged in a meeting with Nehru to hold the first Goa, Daman, and Diu elections. He is known as the &quot;Father of Goan Democracy&quot; due to such significant contributions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=[Goanet] Dr. Jack de Sequeira model of Goan politics. |url=http://lists.goanet.org/pipermail/goanet-goanet.org/2015-April/000360.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=lists.goanet.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Fernandes was an eminent ''[[satyagrahi]]''. He was successful in introducing democracy for Goans by objecting then Lt. governor, [[Kunhiraman Palat Candeth]]'s nomination of 29 members consultative council for the administration of Goa, Daman, and Diu territory, during his three days ''[[satyagraha]]'' by indefinite hunger strike in [[Margao]]. Fernandes coerced Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, to hold the first [[1963 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly elections]], which came into existence on 9 December 1963 followed by the convening of the first [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] on 9 January 1964.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> After his announcement about democracy to Goans, the locals of [[Ambelim, Goa|Ambelim]] village approached Fernandes to contest as their representative in the [[1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election|Goa, Daman, and Diu election]]. He was also the secretary of [[Goa Pradesh Congress Committee]] and a significant individual responsible for the formation of the first [[Congress (I)]] government in Goa. Fernandes also took part along with other political leaders in the debate about &quot;Goa's merger into neighbouring states, [[Maharashtra]] and [[Mysore]] or to remain as a separate territory&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goa Statehood Day |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=146856 |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=oHeraldo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Faleiro |first=Eduardo |date=2019-05-27 |title=India: GOA Statehood day – 30th May |url=http://southasiajournal.net/india-goa-statehood-day-30th-may/ |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=South Asia Journal |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Recalling Goa's Opinion Poll - Mainstream Weekly |url=https://www.mainstreamweekly.net/article7769.html |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=www.mainstreamweekly.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Fernandes first contested in the [[1967 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Cuncolim Assembly constituency]] on the [[United Goans (Sequiera Group)]] (UGS) ticket and emerged victorious by defeating [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] (MGP) candidate, K. M. Jaiwant by a margin of 2,054 votes. He then contested in the [[1972 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the same constituency on the UGS ticket and emerged victorious by defeating MGP candidate, A. J. Guilman Fernandes by a margin of 2,204 votes.<br /> <br /> Fernandes next unsuccessfully contested in the [[1977 Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election]] from the Cuncolim Assembly constituency on the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) ticket and lost to [[Janata Party]] candidate, [[Ferdino Rebello]] by a margin of 40 votes. He next contested in the [[1989 Goa Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Velim Assembly constituency]] as an [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate and lost to INC candidate, [[Farrel Furtado]] by a margin of 8,859 votes.<br /> <br /> ==Death==<br /> On 12 January 2007, Fernandes suffered a sudden cardiac arrest at his estate in [[New York City]], after an ice skating trip with his grandson in [[Manhattan]]. He was rushed immediately to [[Brookdale Hospital]] in [[Brooklyn]], where he was later announced dead by the doctors.<br /> <br /> An Indian armed forces [[21-gun salute|gun salute]] along with a [[state funeral]] was initially planned at his native village in [[Velim, Goa|Velim]], which was later cancelled. His body was cremated at [[Canarsie]] in Brooklyn and his mortal remains were flown back to India and laid to rest along with the [[memorabilia]] of his royal ancestors at ''Veliapura'' royal compound by then Chief Minister of Goa, [[Digambar Kamat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gaunkar |first=Siyona G |date=14 September 2014 |title=Thanks Goanet....The Kadambas, The Royals of South India, Our proud heritage, The Secrets of Velliapura |url=https://www.mail-archive.com/goanet@lists.goanet.org/msg106041.html |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=[[Goanet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=da Cunha |first=Amy Amelia |date=12 January 2014 |title=Father of Goan Democracy |url=https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=goanet@lists.goanet.org&amp;q=subject:%22%5C%5BGoanet%5C%5D+Father+of+Goan+Democracy%22&amp;o=newest&amp;f=1 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=[[Goanet]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Mourning===<br /> On 15 Jan 2007, all 40 legislature of the [[Goa Legislative Assembly]] met at a session to observe a [[Mourning#State and official mourning|state mourning]] through a [[Motion (parliamentary procedure)|motion]] that was introduced on the floor of the house by then Cabinet Minister, [[Filipe Nery Rodrigues]].<br /> <br /> ==Awards and felicitation==<br /> Fernandes was awarded the ''&quot;Tambra Patra&quot;'' national award by then Prime Minister of India, [[Indira Gandhi]]. In January 2021, he was [[Posthumous award|posthumously]] felicitated for his contributions towards Goa's freedom struggle along with 9 other freedom fighters at Ravindra Bhavan, [[Margao]] by water resources minister, [[Filipe Nery Rodrigues]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10 eminent freedom fighters feted |url=https://www.thegoan.net/goa-inshorts/%EF%BB%BF10-eminent-freedom-fighters-feted/64890.html |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> A memorial foundation was founded in his name, and the first recipient of the prestigious crystal &quot;Roque Santana-Father of Goan Democracy award&quot; was presented posthumously to the former Leader of Opposition of Goa and prominent freedom fighter, [[Jack de Sequeira]] in 2009, for his contributions in [[1967 Goa status referendum|Goa Opinion Poll]].<br /> <br /> ===2007 ancient antiques theft===<br /> In December 2007, a competing group of [[Haliyal]] hereditary workers made a visit to the &quot;Velliapura site&quot; in [[Velim, Goa]], which is associated with Fernandes. During their visit, they forcibly dismantled the marble [[tabernacle]] and urns, taking away all the items within. The group was identified as pilgrim groups which originally were affiliated to the four groups of [[Uttarkhand]] that were ''[[Gonds]]'', ''Halakis'', ''[[Havyak]]'' and ''[[Siddis]]'' and had no fear of law enforcement. This was brought to the notice of Emerita, who furiously ordered the group to leave the urns alone and take away the rest. Ancient foot-long, [[Kannada]] stone inscriptions and other antiques which were part of the worship places were stolen by the group. The following month, they were caught and charged for the theft and robbery of ancient antiques that went missing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Legacy==<br /> In December 2010, a memorial children's park, which included a [[Bust (sculpture)|bust]] of Fernandes, was initially planned by the family to be set up in the [[Ambelim, Goa|Ambelim]] village which was later denied permission by the Ambelim ''[[gram sabha]]'' due to &quot;conflicting views&quot; among the members during the meeting.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |agency=Times News Network|date=Dec 13, 2010 |title=Children's park to be set up at Ambelim {{!}} Goa News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/childrens-park-to-be-set-up-at-ambelim/articleshow/7089708.cms |access-date=2022-09-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In July 2011, the ''[[Panchayati raj|panchayat]]'' unanimously accepted the proposal of the family members to construct the memorial park but without the bust. The construction costs were paid by the family and the land and maintenance were provided by the ''panchayat''. The construction was planned to begin in September and completed by December.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Jul 11, 2011 |title=Ambelim to get park in memory of freedom fighter {{!}} Goa News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/ambelim-to-get-park-in-memory-of-freedom-fighter/articleshow/9177542.cms |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Positions held ==<br /> * Member of the Physical Education Board<br /> * Committee member of the Freedom Fighter's Rehabilitation Board 1962–64<br /> * Member of the Committee on Government Assurances 1967–68 (resigned in September 1967) and 1971–72<br /> * Member of the Committee on Petitions 1970–71<br /> * Member of the Committee on Privileges 1970–71 <br /> * Member of Estimates Committee 1971–72<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandes, Santana Roque}}<br /> [[Category:1927 births]]<br /> [[Category:2007 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1967–1972]]<br /> [[Category:Goa, Daman and Diu MLAs 1972–1977]]<br /> [[Category:People from South Goa district]]<br /> [[Category:People from New York City]]<br /> [[Category:Democracy activists]]<br /> [[Category:United Goans Party politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Visakhapatnam&diff=502964 2026-03-12T06:19:27Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting initial stub basic info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> [[File:Vishakhapatnam 1843.jpg|thumb|right|The city of Vizagpatam in 1843]]<br /> '''[[Visakhapatnam]]''' is a major metropolitan city in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], and it holds the distinction of being the largest city in the state. The rich history of Visakhapatnam dates back over 2,500 years, with its present name potentially given by the [[Eastern Chalukyas]] king to their family deity Visakha in 1010 CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Book tracing city's 2,500-year history released|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/book-tracing-citys-2500-year-history-released/article32106839.ece|access-date=16 August 2020|work=the hindu|date=17 August 2020|location=Visakhapatnam}}&lt;/ref&gt; Visakhapatnam was once part of the [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga Kingdom]] around 260 BC before coming under the influence of the [[Maurya Empire]]. During this period, Buddhism flourished, leading to the construction of significant monuments between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE. The city's documented existence begins in 1068 CE, under the rule of King [[Vishakhavarman]]. In the 7th century, Visakhapatnam witnessed the conquest of the [[Eastern Chalukyas]], and by the 14th century, it became part of the [[Reddi Kingdom]]. The era of [[Colonial India|European colonization]] commenced in 1630 with the Dutch, followed by the British taking control in 1757 after a brief interlude of French influence. The Battle of Vizagapatam in 1804 during the Napoleonic Wars emphasized the strategic importance of the city. Following India's independence in 1947, Visakhapatnam became part of the Madras Presidency, later becoming an integral part of Andhra Pradesh. Today, it stands as the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|largest city in Andhra Pradesh]], playing a pivotal role in the state's economy. The city's industrial growth saw a transformative phase with the inauguration of [[Visakhapatnam Port]] operations on December 19, 1933, firmly establishing it as a major industrial centre.<br /> <br /> == Ancient History ==<br /> Historically, around 260 BC, the region was part of the [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] Kingdom. Following the victory of [[Ashoka]] in the [[Kalinga War]], the area came under the rule of the [[Maurya Empire]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Old History|url=https://gvmc.gov.in/wss/static_content/History.jsp|access-date=21 May 2014|work=GVMC|date=26 May 2014|location=Visakhapatnam|archive-date=28 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228042546/http://www.gvmc.gov.in/wss/static_content/History.jsp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; During Ashoka's rule, the region witnessed a dominance of [[Buddhism]], leading to the construction of numerous Buddhist monuments like [[Thotlakonda]], [[Bavikonda]], and [[Bojjannakonda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Nivedita |date=2021-04-20 |title=A campaign to save Visakhapatnam's 2000-year-old Buddhist site of Thotlakonda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-campaign-to-save-visakhapatnams-2000-year-old-buddhist-site-of-thotlakonda/article34368632.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE, Buddhism played a key role in this region. After the [[Maurya Empire]], the region came under [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana]] rule.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2022-11-26 |title=Buddhist treasure troves of Visakhapatnam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/buddhist-treasure-troves-of-visakhapatnam/article66175256.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> According to a [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|Tamra-shashan]] found, the first documented evidence of the city dates back to 1068 CE as a small village on the banks of [[Bay of Bengal]]. It shows that Visakhapatnam was ruled by King Visakhavarma of the Madhura Raja dynasty, hailing from the Kalinga empire. This historical fact is substantiated by Inscription No. 187 of 1893, providing tangible evidence of the village's existence.&lt;ref name=SA14&gt;Angara, p. 14&lt;/ref&gt; Simhachalam Temple, built by the [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] of Ganga dynasty kings of the Kalinga empire in 1078 A.D., stands as a testament to the ancient history of the region.&lt;ref name=SA16&gt;Angara, p. 16&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Eastern Chalukyas, Gajapati and Vijayanaraga Empires ==<br /> [[File:(Victory Pillar) at Potnuru 02.jpg|thumb|right|Sri Krishna Devaraya Vijayastambha (Victory Pillar) at Potnuru]]<br /> Visakhapatnam was subsequently conquered by the Eastern Chalukyas in the 7th Century CE, who ruled over it with their headquarters at Vengi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Visakhapatnam District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://visakhapatnam.ap.gov.in/history/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; During their regime, the significant [[Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam|Simhachalam Temple]] was renovated, marking a crucial historical development. The marital relationship between the [[Eastern Chalukyas]] and the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] led to the city being named Kulothunga Cholapatnam, in honour of [[Kulottunga I]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ganguly |first=Nivedita |date=2018-05-18 |title=Revisiting history through coins |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/revisiting-history-through-coins/article23931327.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first Masjid was constructed on a hill near Kotaveedi in Mid 13th century, now known as Darga Hill.&lt;ref name=&quot;Waltair uplands&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-02-21 |title=Vizag's hidden history |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/vizags-hidden-history/articleshow/51075554.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-07-08 |title=Heritage conservation in Old Town in ruins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/heritage-conservation-in-old-town-in-ruins/articleshow/53107832.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 14th century Visakhapatnam in the Reddi kingdom the whole [[Coastal Andhra]] region in that period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Raghunadha Rao |first=P. |year=1994|title=History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: From the earliest times to the present day |publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=81-207-1719-8 |page=82}}&lt;/ref&gt; The region was later ruled by the [[Gajapati Empire]] from 1434 to 1565 A.D. Golconda Nawab [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah|Quli Qutub Shah]] occupied Visakhapatnam, and together with Srikakulam, the area became known as Chicacole circle during 1599.<br /> <br /> In 1515 AD, under the rule of [[Krishnadevaraya]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] successfully conquered North Coastal Andhra by defeating the Gajapati Empire in the '''Battle of Potnuru''' near [[Padmanabham]]. To commemorate this victory, Krishnadevaraya erected the Vijayasthupa, a victory pillar. Unfortunately, the historic monument is currently in a state of disrepair.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Visakhapatnam: Historic monument in shambles|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/201116/visakhapatnam-historic-monument-in-shambles.html|access-date=20 November 2016|work=deccan chronicle|date=21 November 2016|location=Padmanabham}}&lt;/ref&gt; Additionally, during his visit to the [[Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam|Simhachalam Temple]], Krishnadevaraya presented valuable ornaments to the temple, adding to its cultural and historical significance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=When Sri Krishnadevaraya visited Simhachalam|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/when-sri-krishnadevaraya-visited-simhachalam/article8408183.ece|access-date=29 March 2016|work=the hindu|date=30 March 2016|location=Simhachalam}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == European Colonization ==<br /> In 1630, the [[Dutch India|Dutch]] made their entry into Visakhapatnam at Bheemili, marking the initiation of European influence in the [[Dutch Coromandel|Dutch Coromandel region]]. Subsequently, in 1650, they devised the first city layout plan for Visakhapatnam. The Dutch also undertook the construction of the old Dutch fort complex in Bheemili.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-12-21 |title=Bheemili's glorious Dutch heritage in tatters |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/bheemilis-glorious-dutch-heritage-in-tatters/articleshow/27697320.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; St. Peter's Church, commonly known as the Red Church and dating back to the 17th century, stands prominently in [[Gnanapuram]] amid the surrounding ruins.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sharath |first=Lakshmi|title=Explore the legends of Bheemili beach and its Dutch connect |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/explore-the-legends-of-bheemili-beach-and-its-dutch-connect/articleshow/69891298.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Dutch Cemetery in Bheemili, near Visakhapatnam bears a signboard indicating that it was in operation from 1661 to 1826.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bimilipatnam: The real Dutch cemetery, 2020 |url=https://dutchindianheritage.net/the-real-dutch-cemetery-in-bheemunipatnam/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Dutch-Indian Heritage |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; As part of their architectural contributions, three notable buildings were erected in the city of. Among them, two structures, namely Government Queen Mary High School and the District Registrar Office, have endured the test of time. Unfortunately, the third building, the Old Vizag District Education building, was later demolished to make way for a shopping complex.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=B |first=Nitin |date=2017-01-29 |title=Historical gems from 1699 to 1914: A heritage walk around Vizag's Old Town area |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/andhra-pradesh/historical-gems-1699-1914-heritage-walk-around-vizags-old-town-area-56462 |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1683, the [[East India Company]] initiated trade activities in Visakhapatnam after reaching an agreement with [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]. However, complications arose when the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangazeb]] seized control of the region, leading to the unfortunate killing of some English soldiers. Subsequently, a new agreement was negotiated, allowing the resumption of trade activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-11-18 |title=Chronicling Visakhapatnam's little-known facts from the past |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/chronicling-visakhapatnams-little-known-facts-from-the-past/articleshow/25963017.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; East India Company initiated the construction of a fort around their factory. Eventually, this location evolved into Kotaveedi, as &quot;Kota&quot; translates to the fort in Telugu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2017-06-26 |title=Kotaveedhi residents know no boundaries |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/kotaveedhi-residents-know-no-boundaries/article19151335.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; They changed the name from Visakhapatnam to Vizagapatam. Amidst the ongoing [[Carnatic wars]] between the British and the French, the Britishers initiated the construction of a fort at the end of the 17th century to counter the French presence. This fort, spanning from the sea to the current Coastal battery, Upputeru, and [[Yarada Hills]], was completed in 1726.&lt;ref name=SA24&gt;Angara, p. 24&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-01-21 |title=Heritage activists rediscover remnants of old Fort Burj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/heritage-activists-rediscover-remnants-of-old-fort-burj/articleshow/73449385.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gunner Street served as the depot for Artillermen during that period.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vizag |first=Team Yo! |date=2018-06-17 |title=Edward Paul unearthing the chronicles of Vizag |url=https://www.yovizag.com/edward-paul-vizag-history/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Vizag |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Founded in 1727 by the Rajaka community, Waltair evolved into a British settlement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Waltair uplands&quot;/&gt; Initially linked to the city by two roads, these pathways later became [[Waltair Main Road]] and [[Beach Road, Visakhapatnam|Beach Road]], with some adjustments along the way.&lt;ref name=SA43&gt;Angara, p. 43&lt;/ref&gt; Documented evidence reveals that the population of Vizag in 1750 was recorded at 3000 individuals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Seelam |first=Rama Krishna |title=Study on trend of urban population growth of Visakhapatnam city |date=November 2017 |publisher=International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research |issn=2277-7881 |edition=6th |location=Visakhaptnam |publication-date=November 2017 |pages=253 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the 23rd of November 1753, the French assumed control of Chicacole-Visakhapatnam from the Nizam Nawab. This happened because the Nawab didn't make the monthly payments as per the Aurangabad Agreement, and the French aided the Nawab in retaining those territories. Subsequently, territories belonging to the Nawab, including Chicacole, Rajahmundry, Eluru, and Mustafanagara (Kondaveedu), were annexed into French territory. Meanwhile, the British continued to settle in Vizag during that period.&lt;ref name=SA24/&gt; In a significant turn of events, [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]] issued a warning notice to the East India Company of Vizag on the 24th of June 1757. The British, in response, surrendered at 11 pm on the same day, leading to the victory of Bussy. Subsequently, Bussy took charge of establishing order in Vizag and departed from the city with his army in 1758. Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju of [[Vizianagaram (Pusapati dynasty)|Vizianagara Samsthanam]] occupied Vizag in 1758, helping the British regain their settlements.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vizag |first=Team Yo! |date=2022-03-15 |title=How the British aided in ending the French rule in Vizag |url=https://www.yovizag.com/how-the-british-aided-in-ending-the-french-rule-in-vizag/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Vizag |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Battle of Padmanabham ===<br /> {{Main|Battle of Padmanabham}}<br /> The Battle of Padmanabham occurred on July 10, 1794, in [[Padmanabham]] part of a conflict between the [[Vizianagaram estate|Zamindari of Vizianagaram]], led by Vijayram Raj II, and the East India Company.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2003-03-26 |title=Book on battle of Padmanabham |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/book-on-battle-of-padmanabham/articleshow/41399958.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Madras Presidency]] Forces were commanded by Colonel Pendargast. The British, representing the [[List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency|Governor of Madras]], [[Sir Charles Oakeley, 1st Baronet|Sir Charles Oakeley]], emerged victorious, with Vijayram Raj II dying during the battle. This clash resulted in the cession of Vizianagaram to British territories, becoming a tributary estate. The root causes can be traced back to 1768 when tribal areas revolted against the English East India Company. After the death of Ananda Gajapatiraju, tensions escalated, leading to Vijayaramaraju's exile to Padmanabham and a subsequent battle in which the British triumphed. Subsequently, the East India Company established direct rule over the entire north Coastal Andhra region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Buddhiraju |first=Vidyadhara |date=2020-11-17 |title=Dakshinapatha Battle of Padmanabham Battles |url=https://dakshinapatha.com/2020/11/17/battle-of-padmanabham/,%20https://dakshinapatha.com/2020/11/17/battle-of-padmanabham/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zamindari system was Introduced in Visakhaptnam post this battle, the Vizag estate came under the ownership of Gode Jaggarow, who acquired it in 1802.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=Royal |title=Anakapalli (Zamindari) |url=https://oroyalarchives.com/anakapalli/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=Royal Archives |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Notably, his son G. V. Jaggarow played a significant role in the region by establishing the first observatory in Visakhapatnam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |first=Kameswara Rao |last=Neelimaraju |title=Early Pioneers of Telescopic Astronomy in India: G.V.Juggarow and His Observatory |publisher=Indian Institute of Astrophysics |year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Battle of Vizagapatam ===<br /> {{Main|Battle of Vizagapatam}}<br /> The Battle of Vizagapatam occurred on 15 September 1804 during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] in the vicinity of Vizagapatam harbour. It was a clash between a French squadron led by Contre-Admiral [[Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois]] and the [[Royal Navy|British Royal Navy]]. Linois, engaged in raiding campaigns across the [[Indian Ocean]], aimed to capitalize on his success by attacking the British convoy anchored at Vizagapatam. Unaware of British reinforcements, he initiated battle at 6:00 in the morning. [[HMS Centurion (1774)|HMS Centurion]], a fourth-rate ship, and two [[East Indiaman]] merchant vessels faced the French onslaught. One of the merchant ships ran aground in panic, leaving Centurion to fight alone against the French squadron.&lt;ref&gt;Clowes, p. 349&lt;/ref&gt; The engagement lasted four hours, with Centurion sustaining damage but managing to hold its ground. Despite British losses, including one merchant ship captured by the French, Centurion's resilience forced Linois's squadron to retreat to [[Mauritius|Île de France]] for extensive repairs. The French flagship, [[French ship Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1795)|''Marengo'']], required six months of refitting. The Battle of Vizagapatam showcased the strategic importance of naval power during the Napoleonic Wars, emphasizing the role of merchant convoys in sustaining British economic interests in India. Both sides claimed victory – the French for capturing a British merchant ship, and the British for Centurion's survival against overwhelming odds. However, criticisms arose over Linois's failure to decisively defeat Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;James, Vol. 3, p. 280&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Northern Circars ===<br /> {{Main|Northern Circars}}<br /> In 1769, Vizagapatam attained the status of Mandal headquarters. Subsequently, in 1803, it was elevated to the position of [[Vizagapatam district (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam district]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Sumit |date=2020-08-13 |title=Tracing the glorious past of the Visakhapatnam Collector's office |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tracing-the-glorious-past-of-the-visakhapatnam-collectors-office/article32348088.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; and served as a crucial [[Coastal artillery|Coastal Battery]] for British India due to its geographical location between [[Chennai|Madras]] and [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-08-19 |title=Visakhapatnam coast battery emerged during WWII in 1940 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/visakhapatnam-coast-battery-emerged-during-wwii-in-1940/articleshow/102861413.cms |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following the establishment of Vizag district, an Agent was appointed by the Madras presidency to oversee the forests surrounding the city. Col. Pendargest served as the agent for the [[Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency|Visakhapatnam forest]], eventually recognized as the [[Agencies of British India|Agency area]].&lt;ref name=SA45&gt;Angara, p. 45&lt;/ref&gt; In 1858, the Vizag municipality was inaugurated, and the renowned Kotaveedi area was designated as Ward No. 01.&lt;ref name=SA23&gt;Angara, p. 23&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Post-independence (1947–present) ==<br /> On August 15, 1947, India gained independence, leading to the division of the Madras Presidency. Visakhapatnam became a part of the newly formed Andhra Pradesh state on that historic day and has since played a significant role in the state's economy, earning recognition as the 10th wealthiest city in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Top 10 richest cities in India in 2020|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/top-10-richest-cities-in-india-in-2020-1726702-2020-09-29|access-date=29 September 2020|work=India Today|date=30 September 2020|location=India}}&lt;/ref&gt; On December 19, 1933, [[Visakhapatnam Port]] commenced operations, marking a significant shift for the city from a small town to a burgeoning industrial centre. This transformative event played a crucial role in reshaping Visakhapatnam and laying the groundwork for its industrial growth.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Vizag Port Inception|url=https://vizagport.com/about-us/our-history/|access-date=16 March 2014|work=Vizag Port|date=18 March 2014|location=Visakhapatnam Port|archive-date=21 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921040018/https://vizagport.com/about-us/our-history/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Visakhapatnam]]<br /> * [[Vizagapatam district (Madras Presidency)|Vizagapatam district]]<br /> * [[History of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> * [[History of India]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Angara<br /> | first = Suryarao<br /> | author-link = <br /> | year = 2012<br /> | title = Samagra Visakha Nagara Charitra, Volume 01<br /> | publisher = ASR Publications<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = Clowes<br /> | first = William Laird<br /> | author-link = William Laird Clowes<br /> | year = 1997 |orig-year=1900<br /> | title = The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V<br /> | publisher = Chatham Publishing<br /> | isbn = 1-86176-014-0<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite book<br /> | last = James<br /> | first = William<br /> | author-link = William James (naval historian)<br /> | year = 2002 |orig-year=1827<br /> | title = The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 4, 1805–1807<br /> | publisher = Conway Maritime Press<br /> | isbn = 0-85177-908-5<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Visakhapatnam}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Visakhapatnam history}}<br /> [[Category:History of Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Visakhapatnam]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chintoo_(film)&diff=474653 2026-03-04T09:47:51Z

<p>Commercial Noida: expand details and cleaned formatting for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2012 Marathi movie by Shrirang Godbole}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Chintoo<br /> | image = Chintoo.jpeg<br /> | caption =<br /> | director = [[Shrirang Godbole]]<br /> | screenplay = Shrirang Godbole, [[Vibhavari Deshpande]]<br /> | producer = Shrirang Godbole, Abhay Gadgil<br /> | starring = <br /> | cinematography = [[Sanjay Jadhav]]<br /> | editing = Abhijeet Balaji Deshpande<br /> | music = Saleel Kulkarni<br /> | studio = Indian Magic Eye Motion Pictures Pvt. Ltd.<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|2012|5|18|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Marathi<br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Chintoo''''' is a 2012 [[Marathi cinema|Marathi movie]] in [[India]] directed by [[Shrirang Godbole]]. Originally based on the popular Marathi comic strip of the same name by Charuhas Pandit,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.animationxpress.com/interviews/chintoos-journey-from-comic-strip-to-the-animation-world/|title=Chintoo's' journey, from comic strip to the animation world |date=2018-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; it is the story of a boy named [[Chintoo]] and his gang. It was produced by Indian Magic Eye Motion Pictures Pvt. Ltd&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Indian Magic eye{{!}}Interactive{{!}}Television{{!}}Film Production{{!}}Events {{!}}|url=https://www.imepl.com/|access-date=2020-08-09|website=www.imepl.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and on 18 May 2012, the film opened to positive critical and commercial response and was widely appreciated by younger audiences. The film was directed by [[Shrirang Godbole]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saamana.com/interview-of-shreerang-godbole-by-rohini-ninave/|title=चतुरस्र श्रीरंग गोडबोले {{!}} Saamana (सामना)|last=saamana|language=mr|access-date=2019-06-07|archive-date=25 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825110111/https://www.saamana.com/interview-of-shreerang-godbole-by-rohini-ninave/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shubhankar Atre plays the lead character of Chintoo. Subodh Bhave, Vibhawari Deshpande, and others played the supporting characters.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Chintoo, a sweet and naughty boy, lives in an upper middle class, lively neighborhood with his parents. This eight-year-old is extremely popular in his group. Pappu is his best friend and Mini, Raju, Baglya, Neha and the toddler Sonu all together are deemed the unbeatable 'Wanarwede Warriors'.<br /> <br /> Chintoo and his gang have big plans for their much awaited summer vacation. They decide to beat their rivals the Vinchoo Biters by making Wanarwede Warriors a stronger cricket team, even strong enough to win The World Cup. They practice hard and also convert the barren piece of land in the society into their very own 'Wanarwede stadium.' The match starts as planned.<br /> <br /> Guru, a rogue, forcibly enters that space on the same day and sets up a small Chinese eatery. Akki, a watchman and Sakharam's son, is supposed to run it. The children protest against this intrusion but no one cares. The adults are in fact happy to get an easy access to the Chinese food. No one except Colonel Kaka objects to this illegal entrant and his illegitimate business in the housing complex.<br /> <br /> The children try to find space to play cricket but always end up being scolded by adults. They try all means and ways to get their stadium back and also make the adults understand their problem. All their attempts fail until the mastermind Chintoo comes up with his own idea of making a Chinese dragon. Guru worships the dragon and Chintoo believes he will get scared and leave the ground. The Wanarwede Warriors are later joined by the Vinchoo Biters because neither of the teams have ground on which to play. In the end, Chintoo and his friends earn back their ground after their parents realise how important the ground is to them.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> * Chintoo – Shubhankar Atre&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/child-artist/shubhankar-atre|title = Bollywood Child Artist Shubhankar Atre Biography, News, Photos, Videos}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Mini – Suhani Deshpande<br /> * Baglya – Animesh Padhye<br /> * Raju – Ved Ravade<br /> * Pappu – Nishant Bhavsar<br /> * Neha – Rumani Khare<br /> * Sonu – Arjun Jog<br /> * Chintoo's Aai – [[Vibhavari Deshpande]]<br /> * Chintoo's Baba – [[Subodh Bhave]]<br /> * Chintoo's Ajoba – Shriram Pendse<br /> * Colonel Kaka – [[Satish Alekar]]<br /> * Joshi Kaka – [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]<br /> * Joshi Kaku – [[Bharti Achrekar]]<br /> * Sakharam Watchman – Vijay Nikam<br /> * Satish Dada – [[Alok Rajwade]]<br /> * Guru Dada – [[Nagesh Bhosale]]<br /> * Akki – [[Om Bhutkar]]<br /> * Art Teacher – Vijay Patwardhan<br /> * Guruji – Prashant Tapasvi<br /> * Chimanee – [[Mrinmayee Godbole]]<br /> * Popat – Pankaj Gangan<br /> * Chimanee's Father – Sanjay Lonkar<br /> * Chimanee's Mother – Pournima Ganu Manohar<br /> * Popat's Mother – Sadhana Sarpotdar<br /> * Mini's Aai – Mridul Patwardhan<br /> * Mini's Baba – Sunil Abhyankar<br /> * Raju's Aai – Snehal Tarde<br /> * Raju's Baba – Suraj Satav<br /> * Neha's Aai – Soniya Khare<br /> * Neha's Baba – Ajay Apte<br /> * Pappu's Aai – Chitra Khare<br /> * Pappu's Baba – Amit Patwardhan<br /> <br /> ==Sequel==<br /> A sequel to the first film was announced on 11 March 2013, titled &quot;''[[Chintoo 2: Khajinyachi Chittarkatha]]''&quot;. The film was released across Maharashtra on 18 April 2013. The film had all the children characters played by the same actors as in the first film.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2401179 IMDB]<br /> *[http://www.chintoothemovie.com Film Website]<br /> *[http://www.chintoo.com Chintoo website by Pan Ads, Pune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004034925/http://chintoo.com/ |date=4 October 2006 }}<br /> *[http://www.esakal.com Sakal Newspaper] (online edition)<br /> *[http://www.imepl.com Producers of Chintoo feature film]<br /> *[http://www.loksatta.com Loksatta Newspaper] (online edition)<br /> *[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2401179/fullcredits]<br /> <br /> [[Category:2012 Marathi-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Films based on Indian comics]]<br /> [[Category:Indian children's films]]<br /> [[Category:Live-action films based on comics]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brindavana&diff=468628 2026-03-03T21:21:42Z

<p>Commercial Noida: update layout based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|2013 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Brindavana<br /> | image = Brindavana poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Film poster<br /> | director = K Madesh<br /> | based_on = [[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]] (2010) by [[Vamsi Paidipally]]<br /> | producer = Suresh Gowda<br /> &lt;br /&gt; S Srinivasa Murthy<br /> | screenplay = K. Madesh<br /> | story = [[Vamsi Paidipally]]<br /> | starring = [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Milana Nagaraj]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Karthika Nair]]<br /> | music = [[V. Harikrishna]]<br /> | cinematography = Ramesh Babu<br /> | editing = K. M. Prakash<br /> | studio = Sri Seethabaireshwara Productions<br /> | distributor = Thoogudeepa Distributions<br /> | released = {{Film date|2013|09|26|df=yes}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | budget = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> | gross = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Brindavana''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Kannada]]-language <br /> [[Romance film|romantic]] [[action comedy]] film starring [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]], [[Karthika Nair]] (in her only Kannada film), [[Milana Nagaraj]] and also featuring [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Saikumar]] and [[Sampath Raj]]. The film was directed by K Madesh and produced by Suresh Gowda. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/91648.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312123436/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/kannada/article/91648.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2013 |title=Major Schedule for 'Brindavana' |website=Indiaglitz |date=2013-03-09 |accessdate=2013-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; The soundtrack was composed by [[V. Harikrishna]] and the cinematography was by Ramesh Babu. it is remake of the 2010 Telugu film ''[[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]]''. The film was later dubbed into [[Hindi language|Hindi]] as ''Ghayal: The Power Man'' by Sumeet Arts in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kannada-movie--brindavana--is-a-remake-of-telugu--film-brindavanam/369537-71-205.html |title=Kannada movie 'Brindavana' is a remake of Telugu film 'Brindavanam' |work=IndiaGlitz |via=IBN Live |date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619133131/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kannada-movie--brindavana--is-a-remake-of-telugu--film-brindavanam/369537-71-205.html |archivedate=19 June 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{More plot|date=April 2025}}&lt;!--per [[WP:FILMPLOT]], plot summaries should be between 400 and 700 words--&gt; <br /> The main story of the film is about two step brothers, played by Saikumar and Sampath Raj. They are rival big shots in their village. Karthika Nair and Milana Nagaraj play cousins of theirs. Karthika Nair stays in the village, but Milana Nagaraj relocates for her studies to the city where Darshan lives. The two meet when he helps her, become friends, and eventually fall in love.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, Karthika Nair's marriage is arranged with some ''goonda'' whom she does not want to marry. She asks Milana Nagaraj to help her; she in turn asks Darshan to help. He goes to the village intending to prevent the marriage using tricks. He ends up solving many problems in the village and finally putting an end to the rivalry between Saikumar and Sampath Raj, leading to a happy ending.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> * [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] as Krishna<br /> * [[Milana Nagaraj]] as Madhu<br /> * [[Karthika Nair]] as Bhoomi<br /> * [[Sai Kumar (Kannada actor)|Saikumar]] as Madhu's Father<br /> * [[Sampath Raj]] as Bhoomi's father<br /> * [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Varadha, Bhoomi's cousin<br /> * [[Jai Jagadish]]<br /> * [[Doddanna]]<br /> * Sangeetha<br /> * [[Sarath Babu]] <br /> * [[Nirosha]] as Madhu's Mother<br /> * [[Kuri Prathap]]<br /> * Prakash Heggodu <br /> * [[Sadhu Kokila]] <br /> * [[Veena Sundar]] <br /> * [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] <br /> * Killer Venkatesh <br /> * Bahubali Prabhakar <br /> * Mohan Juneja <br /> * Stunt Siddu <br /> * Ramesh Babu <br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Principal shooting for ''Brindavana'' formally began on 16 February 2013, which happened to be the birthday of lead actor Darshan. Actors [[Ambareesh]] and [[Ravichandran (Kannada actor)|V. Ravichandran]] were the chief guests invited for the launch at the Kanteerava Studios in Bangalore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Brindavana launched |url= http://www.sify.com/movies/brindavana-launched-news-kannada-nctpoMgfbcg.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130224022810/http://www.sify.com/movies/brindavana-launched-news-kannada-nctpoMgfbcg.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 24 February 2013 |website= [[Sify]] |date= 19 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film marks the first Kannada production set to shoot in [[Iceland]].<br /> <br /> ===Casting===<br /> While Darshan and Karthika (in her first and only [[Kannada]] film to date) had the lead roles, the second female lead role was first offered to [[Vedhika Kumar]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.telugunow.com/movie-news/karthika-and-vedhika-in-darshans-brindavana/ |title=Karthika and Vedhika in Darshan's Brindavana |website=Telugu Now |date=25 January 2013 |accessdate=16 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904235720/http://telugunow.com/movie-news/karthika-and-vedhika-in-darshans-brindavana/ |archivedate=4 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; Malayalam actress [[Muktha (actress)|Muktha]] replaced her in the role,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=A Sharadhaa |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article1458349.ece |title=Muktha replaces Vedhika in Brindavana |work=The New Indian Express |date=2013-02-11 |accessdate=2013-08-16 |archive-date=23 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023133915/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/article1458349.ece |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaeveryday.in/karnataka/news-muktha-opposite-dharshan-in-brindavana-1171-5092085.htm |title=Muktha opposite Dharshan in Brindavana! |website=India Everyday |date=13 February 2013 |accessdate=16 August 2013 |archive-date=17 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217164409/http://www.indiaeveryday.in/karnataka/news-muktha-opposite-dharshan-in-brindavana-1171-5092085.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; and still later it went to newcomer Milana Nagaraj.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.supergoodmovies.com/54422/sandalwood/milana-replaces-muktha-in-brindavana-news-details |title=Milana Replaces Muktha in 'Brindavana' |website=Supergoodmovies.com |accessdate=2013-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123423/http://www.supergoodmovies.com/54422/sandalwood/milana-replaces-muktha-in-brindavana-news-details |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=usurped }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by [[V. Harikrishna]] and released by D-Beats.<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Brindavana<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[V. Harikrishna]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = September 5, 2013<br /> | recorded = 2013<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = Soundtrack<br /> | length = 22:18<br /> | label = D-Beats<br /> | producer = [[V. Harikrishna]]<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{tracklist<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 22:18<br /> | title1 = Hearttalliro<br /> | extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]<br /> | length1 = 4:29<br /> | title2 = Bellam Belaga<br /> | extra2 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Hemanth (singer)|Hemanth]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]<br /> | length2 = 4:54<br /> | title3 = Mirchi Hudugi<br /> | extra3 = [[Santhosh Venky]] <br /> | lyrics3 = Kaviraj<br /> | length3 = 4:26<br /> | title4 = Oye Kalla<br /> | extra4 = [[Upendra (actor)|Upendra Rao]], [[Priyadarshini (singer)|Priyadarshini]], [[Indu Nagaraj]]<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]<br /> | length4 = 4:24<br /> | title5 = Thangali<br /> | extra5 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], Hemanth, [[Kailash Kher]]<br /> | lyrics5 = V. Nagendra Prasad<br /> | length5 = 4:05<br /> }}<br /> <br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Brindavana'' was released on 26 September in more than 190 theaters. Some other films, including ''[[Sakkare]]'', ''[[Sweety Nanna Jodi]]'', and ''Dilwala'' postponed their release to avoid clashing with it.&lt;ref name=&quot;bangaloremirror.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Darshan-phobia/articleshow/22819307.cms|title=Darshan phobia!|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=27 August 2018|archive-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827144020/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/Darshan-phobia/articleshow/22819307.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The satellite telecast rights were offered up to a price of {{INR}}5.40&amp;nbsp;crore, making it the second highest-priced Kannada-language film.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/sensational-news/3166-brindavana-offered-rs-5.40-crore-exclusive.html|title=Brindavana Offered Rs 5 Crore - Exclusive - chitraloka.com - Kannada Movie News, Reviews - Image|website=www.chitraloka.com|accessdate=22 October 2017|archive-date=23 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010547/http://www.chitraloka.com/sensational-news/3166-brindavana-offered-rs-5.40-crore-exclusive.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Critical reception ===<br /> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that the director &quot;has excellently mixed comedy, action, sentiments and romance with rich lively narration that perfectly suits the character of Darshan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/brundaavana/movie-review/23218103.cms|title=BRUNDAAVANA MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211071035/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/brundaavana/movie-review/23218103.cms|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Twenty-five days celebration ===<br /> On the 25th day after the film's release there was a grand celebration in Gandhinagar Narthaki theatre (the main theatre of Brindavana). A blood donation camp was held, with Darshan, Milana, director Madesh, and others in attendance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chakpak.com/content/darshan-celebrates-brindavanas-25-day-run-narthaki-theater|title=Darshan celebrates Brindavana's 25 day-run at Narthaki Theater|website=Chakpak|accessdate=22 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023010826/http://www.chakpak.com/content/darshan-celebrates-brindavanas-25-day-run-narthaki-theater|archive-date=23 October 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Darshan's fans announced some days before on social networking sites that he would be there; there was such a large crowd that police came to disperse them and blocked all traffic.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiaglitz.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/98953.html|title='Brindavana' 25 Darshan Grace |website=IndiaGlitz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113075017/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/98953.html |archivedate=13 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The theater was damaged; producer Srinivasamurthy paid the resulting costs.&lt;ref name=&quot;indiaglitz.com&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb title|3124096|Brindavana}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Brindavana}}<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Iceland]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seeta_Ramula_Kalyanam_Lankalo&diff=533928 2026-03-03T17:55:00Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Started a article initial version...</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Seeta Ramula Kalyanam Lankalo<br /> | image = Seeta Ramula Kalyanam Lankalo Poster.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | director = Eshwar<br /> | producer = <br /> | writer = Vikram Raj<br /> | starring = {{unbulleted list|[[Nithiin]]|[[Hansika Motwani]]}}<br /> | music = [[Anup Rubens]]<br /> | cinematography = V. Malhar Bhatt Joshi<br /> | editing = [[Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao]]<br /> | distributor = <br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2010|1|22}}<br /> | runtime = <br /> | studio = <br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Telugu<br /> | budget =<br /> | gross =<br /> }}<br /> '''''Seeta Ramula Kalyanam Lankalo''''' ({{translation|Seetha and Rama's wedding in Sri Lanka}}) is a 2010 Indian Telugu-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] directed by Eeshwar and starring [[Nithiin]] and [[Hansika Motwani]]. It was dubbed into [[Hindi]] as ''Dushmano Ka Dushman'' and into [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''Rowdy Kottai''. It was remade in Odia in 2014 as ''Mental'', starring [[Anubhav Mohanty]].{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> Chandra Shekhar &quot;Chandu&quot; ([[Nithiin]]) is a daredevil youth, a fearless boy. He meets a beautiful girl named Nandhini, &quot;Nandu&quot; ([[Hansika Motwani]]), the daughter of a dreaded factionalist named Peddi Reddy ([[Suman (actor)|Suman]]). He falls in love, and starts teasing her and tries to prove that he sincerely loves Nandu. He tells Nandu that he could do anything for her. Nandu tells him that he should not follow her until she calls him. In order to grab her attention, he sends his father ([[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandramohan]]) and mother ([[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]]) to convey his love and let her know that they approve of their relationship. Later, Nandu realises that she too truly loves him. Then, [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] asks Peddi Reddy to marry Nandu to his nephew Veera Pratap Reddy ([[Salim Baig]]). Peddi Reddy refuses which ignites factionalism between the two. Just when Nandu wants to express her love to Chandu, she is taken away by her father to their village. The film climaxes when Chandu and Nandu reunite and affirm their love.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{colbegin}}<br /> *[[Nithiin]] as Chandrasekhar &quot;Chandu&quot; Reddy<br /> *[[Hansika Motwani]] as Nandhini &quot;Nandhu&quot;<br /> *[[Salim Baig]] as Veera Pratap &quot;VP&quot;<br /> *[[Suman (actor)|Suman]] as Peddi Reddy (Nandhini's father)<br /> *[[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram, Chandu's father<br /> *[[Pragathi (actress)|Pragathi]] as Lalita, Chandu's mother<br /> *[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Jayaprakash, Veera Pratap's uncle<br /> *Raj Premi as Veera Pratap's father<br /> *[[Brahmanandam]] as Adv. Appalaraju, MA LLB / Pappalaraju<br /> *[[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Ram Prasad<br /> *[[Subbaraju]] as Bujji<br /> *[[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Bujji's henchman <br /> *[[Venu Madhav (actor)|Venu Madhav]] as Gambler <br /> *[[M. S. Narayana]] as 'Risk' Rambo<br /> *[[Satyam Rajesh]] as Chandu's friend<br /> *[[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as a man at the bar<br /> *[[Fish Venkat]] as Henchman <br /> *[[Narsing Yadav]] as Narsing<br /> *[[Kallu Chidambaram]] as Doctor<br /> *[[Venu Yeldandi]] as Chandu's friend <br /> *Sattanna as Rambo's PA<br /> *Surekha Vani as Nandhini's aunt<br /> {{colend}}<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> The music was composed by [[Anup Rubens]] and released by [[Aditya Music]].<br /> <br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Seeta Ramula Kalyanam<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Anup Rubens]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = December 2009<br /> | recorded = 2009<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 31:16<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = Anup Rubens<br /> | prev_title = [[Drona (2009 film)|Drona]]<br /> | prev_year = 2009<br /> | next_title = [[Andari Bandhuvaya]]<br /> | next_year = 2010<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{track listing<br /> | headline = Track list<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | total_length = 31:16<br /> | title1 = Adhirindhi<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Bhuvana Chandra]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Daler Mehndi]], Aishwarya, Parthasarathy<br /> | length1 = 4:40<br /> | title2 = Koncham<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Siddharth (actor)|Siddharth]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]]<br /> | length2 = 3:44<br /> | title3 = Nakkallo <br /> | note3= Female<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Ananta Sriram]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Shweta Mohan]], Suji<br /> | length3 = 4:42<br /> | title4 = Basic Ga<br /> | lyrics4 = Bhaskarabhatla Ravi Kumar<br /> | extra4 = Krishna Chaitanya, Robin<br /> | length4 = 4:45<br /> | title5 = Nakkallo<br /> | lyrics5 = Ananta Sriram<br /> | extra5 = Daler Mehndi, Aishwarya<br /> | length5 = 4:41<br /> | title6 = Adhirindhi <br /> | note6= Remix<br /> | lyrics6 = Bhuvana Chandra<br /> | extra6 = Ramesh Patnaik <br /> | length6 = 4:28<br /> | title7 = Vellake<br /> | lyrics7 = Sai Sri Harsha<br /> | extra7 = [[Ranjith (singer)|Ranjith]], Harshika <br /> | length7 = 4:16<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> Jeevi of ''[[Idlebrain.com]]'' called the film &quot;a disappointment&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-seetaramulakalyanam.html | title=Seetaramula Kalyanam lankalo film review - Telugu cinema Review - Nitin &amp; Hansika Motwani | access-date=29 November 2021 | archive-date=29 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129201854/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-seetaramulakalyanam.html | url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from ''[[Mallemala Entertainments|123telugu]]'' wrote that &quot;''Seetha Ramula Kalyanam…Lanka Lo'' is yet another film which uses the tried and tested formula of love-family entertainer&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/S/Seetha_Ramula_Kalyanam/Seetha_Ramula_Kalyanam_review.html|title=Seetha Ramula Kalyanam|date=22 January 2010|work=123Telugu|access-date=29 November 2021|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316141202/http://www.123telugu.com/reviews/S/Seetha_Ramula_Kalyanam/Seetha_Ramula_Kalyanam_review.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|1582601}}<br /> * [https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-hansika-nitin-in-seetharamula-kalyanam-lankalo/20100121.htm ''Seeta Ramula Kalyanam''] at [[Rediff.com]]<br /> <br /> [[Category:2010 Telugu-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2010 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:2010 films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian action drama films]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nenjamundu_Nermaiyundu&diff=521645 2026-03-03T05:02:58Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Starting Stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1991 Tamil language film}}<br /> {{distinguish|Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu Odu Raja}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | director = [[E. Ramdoss]]<br /> | story = Bhoopathi Raja<br /> | producer = {{ubl|K. Aarumugam|P. Shanmugam|S. Mohan|P. K. Reddy|V. K. Krishnasamy}}<br /> | starring = {{ubl|[[Ramarajan]]|[[Rupini]]}}<br /> | cinematography = Santhamoorthy<br /> | editing = {{ubl|T. R. Sekar|K. R. Gowrishankar}}<br /> | music = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br /> | studio = Myla Films<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1991|11|5}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> }}<br /> '''''Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu''''' ({{translation|You've got a heart, you've got integrity}}) is a 1991 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[E. Ramdoss]] and produced by the Myla Films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=1991-ல் வெளியான படப்பட்டியல் - தயாரிப்பாளர்கள் |trans-title=List of films released in 1991 – Producers |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1991.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101212713/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1991.asp |archive-date=1 January 2010 |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Ramarajan]] and [[Rupini]], while [[Chinni Jayanth]], [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]] and [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] play supporting roles. It was released on 5 November 1991.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nenjamundu Nermaiundu ( 1991 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1488 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820221943/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=1488 |archive-date=20 August 2004 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=நெஞ்சமுண்டு நேர்மையுண்டு / Nenjamundu Nermaiundu (1991) |url=https://screen4screen.com/movies/nenjamundu-nermaiundu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227023407/https://screen4screen.com/movies/nenjamundu-nermaiundu |archive-date=27 December 2023 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Screen 4 Screen}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> The village chief, Sathyamoorthy's son Siva, is a youth who does good deeds for the villagers. One night, Siva sneaks into the corrupt village president Sankaralingam's godown, fights off his goons, and distributes the hoarded rice bags to the people. Sathyamoorthy opposes Siva's use of force, believing that only non‑violence is the permanent solution to any problem.<br /> <br /> Meanwhile, after finishing her studies, Sankaralingam's daughter Geetha returns to the village. Siva carries Geetha across the river in a [[coracle]], but the coracle capsizes, throwing them both into the water. Sankaralingam is furious when he sees Siva rescuing his daughter. Sankaralingam's aide, Minor, a womaniser, sets his sights on Siva's younger sister Sumathi. He impregnates Gayathri and refuses to marry her; when she confronts him, he claims she is possessed by ghosts. Under the pretence of treating the &quot;possession,&quot; he plans to give her abortion medicine so he can escape marriage. Siva intervenes, beats Minor, and stops the plan. At the village panchayat, Sathyamoorthy orders Minor to marry Gayathri.<br /> <br /> Soon, Geetha falls in love with Siva, but Siva does not return her feelings. To keep them apart, Siva's friend mimics Siva's voice and shouts at Geetha, but she interprets the shouting as a sign of his affection. Siva fights off Minor, who is harassing Geetha, and Sathyamoorthy sees this and slaps Siva for resorting to violence. Siva hides why he beat Minor to protect Geetha's modesty. Soon, Siva returns Geetha's feelings, and they meet in secret. Sumathi learns about their romance. Minor spots the pair and informs Sankaralingam. Sankaralingam warns Geetha and places her under house arrest. With the help of the street performer Sattaiyadi Kazhuli Mangan and his assistant, Siva disguises himself as a soothsayer, meets Geetha. At the temple, Siva, Kazhuli Mangan and their friends pretend to be saints to see Geetha, but Sankaralingam spots them and takes Geetha home.<br /> <br /> In a nearby slum, babies faint after drinking milk bought from Sankaralingam's milk society. Siva goes to the society and fights Sankaralingam's men. The dispute reaches the village panchayat, where the mothers falsely claim they never raised any issue about the milk and that their babies did not faint. Siva realises this is a ruse by Sankaralingam to humiliate him, but is unable to prove it. Sathyamoorthy orders Siva to seek forgiveness from Sankaralingam, but Siva refuses. So Sathyamoorthy banishes Siva from the village, believing isolation will calm him, but Siva declares he will keep fighting injustice. Minor, still scheming, plays with Gayathri, lifts her, and drops her from the stairs near the temple pond, causing her to miscarry.<br /> <br /> Siva travels to [[Madras]], rescues a judge from a gang of attackers, and the judge, impressed by Siva's bravery, takes him under his wing to channel his anger constructively. Siva becomes a [[police inspector]] and is transferred back to his village, and is shocked to discover that his mother and younger sister Sumathi are dead. Siva's friends tell him what happened after he left for Madras. Sankaralingam, Minor and Minor's relative Kozhanthaisamy steal the temple jewels by threatening the priest. Sumathi sees them, and Minor chases her, trying to rape and kill her. In the struggle, Sumathi stabs herself and dies. Minor brutally injures Sumathi's mother, and Sankaralingam kills her. They also choke and kill Sathyamoorthy's mute employee, Gnanasambandam. They warn the villagers not to speak about the murders.<br /> <br /> When Sathyamoorthy learns of the killings, his long‑held non‑violence gives way to rage, and he goes to kill them. Sankaralingam falsely claims to the police that Sathyamoorthy murdered Sumathi and Gnanasambandam because he discovered their illegal affair. Sathyamoorthy escapes from the police to exact revenge. Now Sathyamoorthy is branded a threat to Sankaralingam, Kozhanthaisamy and Minor, and Siva is ordered to arrest his father. He is also tasked with protecting the three men, even though they killed his mother and sister. Siva confronts Sathyamoorthy and asks him to surrender, but he refuses and flees into the forest.<br /> <br /> Siva begins investigating the temple‑jewel theft, starting with the priest, but the priest refuses to talk, fearing for his life. Sathyamoorthy plans to kill Kozhanthaisamy on his birthday. Sathyamoorthy distracts the police with a recorded dog‑bark sound and then kidnaps Kozhanthaisamy. During the [[Surasamharam]] procession, Sathyamoorthy hides in the crowd and kills Minor with a [[spear]]. The police pressure Siva to capture Sathyamoorthy as quickly as possible. Sankaralingam plans to kill Sathyamoorthy before the latter can reach him, and so he asks the forest tribals to invite Sathyamoorthy to their annual festival, and they accept.<br /> <br /> On the night of the festival, Sankaralingam slips into the forest to kill Sathyamoorthy. Siva rushes after Sankaralingam to prevent either his father's death or his own. At the festival, Siva and Geetha dress as dancers and slip into the tribal celebration. Sankaralingam aims to shoot Sathyamoorthy, but Siva pulls his father out of the line of fire. Sankaralingam flees, pursued by Sathyamoorthy, and Siva follows both of them. Sankaralingam's henchmen attack Siva, but he subdues them and rushes to protect Sankaralingam from being killed by Sathyamoorthy. Siva persuades him to let the law handle Sankaralingam, and Sathyamoorthy agrees.<br /> <br /> In court, Sankaralingam unexpectedly confesses that he killed Kozhanthaisamy with Minor's help because he feared Kozhanthaisamy might become a police informant. He admits he killed Sathyamoorthy's wife, Sumathi and Gnanasambandam after Sumathi witnessed their temple jewel theft. Gayathri then steps forward and confesses that she killed Minor for impregnating her and causing her abortion. The judge clears Sathyamoorthy, ruling that Kozhanthaisamy and Minor were killed by Sankaralingam and Gayathri and orders their trials.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast listing|<br /> *[[Ramarajan]] as Siva<br /> *[[Rupini]] as Geetha<br /> *[[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Sathyamoorthy<br /> *[[Goundamani]] as Sattaiyadi Kazhuli Mangan, a street performer<br /> *[[Senthil]] as the street performer's assistant<br /> *[[Jai Ganesh]] in a cameo appearance as a judge<br /> *[[Kitty (actor)|Kitty]] as Sankaralingam, the village president<br /> *Kannan as Kozhanthaisamy, village president's relative<br /> *[[Chinni Jayanth]] as Siva's friend<br /> *[[Vadivukkarasi]] as Sathyamoorthy's wife<br /> *[[Madhuri (Tamil actress)|Madhuri]] as Gayathri<br /> *Sharmili as Parijatham, a fake spirit-possessed girl<br /> *[[Pasi Sathya|Sathya]] as Panchalai, a slum-dweller woman<br /> *[[Meesai Murugesan]] as Siva's friend<br /> *[[Kovai Senthil]] as a priest<br /> *[[J. Livingston]] as Minor (uncredited role)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Nenjamundu Nermaiundu'' was directed by E. Ramdoss based on a story by Bhoopathi Raja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Swamy |first=A |title=Bhoopathi Raja: A storywriter for RK from the South |url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/interviews/boopati.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021015160011/http://movies.indiainfo.com/tamil/interviews/boopati.html |archive-date=15 October 2002 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=IndiaInfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was Ramdoss, Bhupathi and Ramarajan's second collaboration after ''[[Raaja Raajathan]]'' (1989).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 February 2004 |title=சந்திப்போமா? |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/interview/bhupathiraja.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927185432/https://tamil.filmibeat.com/interview/bhupathiraja.html |archive-date=27 September 2021 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Soundtrack ==<br /> Soundtrack was composed by [[S. A. Rajkumar]], while lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Muthulingam (poet)|Muthulingam]], [[Piraisoodan]], Myla Aarumugam and S. A. Rajkumar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CHINNA GOUNDER / NENJAMUNDU NERMAIYUNDU / ANPULLA THANKACHIKU / PUTHAM PUDHU PAYANAM / PRAMMASAARI – Ilayaraja &amp; S.A.Rajkumar &amp; Soundaryan Old Ramy Tamil Audio Cd |url=https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/chinna-gounder-nenjamundu-nermaiyundu-anpulla-thankachiku-putham-pudhu-payanam-prammasaari-ilayaraja-s-a-rajkumar-soundaryan-old-ramy-tamil-audio-cd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103455/https://www.audiocdworld.com/product/chinna-gounder-nenjamundu-nermaiyundu-anpulla-thankachiku-putham-pudhu-payanam-prammasaari-ilayaraja-s-a-rajkumar-soundaryan-old-ramy-tamil-audio-cd/ |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Audio CDs World}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Silu Silu Kaathu<br /> | length1 = <br /> | lyrics1 = <br /> | extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Minmini]]<br /> | title2 = Devi Unai<br /> | length2 = <br /> | lyrics2 = <br /> | extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Uma Ramanan]]<br /> | title3 = Rajave Chinna<br /> | length3 = <br /> | lyrics3 = <br /> | extra3 = [[K. S. Chithra]]<br /> | title4 = Gumthalakadi Gumma<br /> | length4 = <br /> | lyrics4 = <br /> | extra4 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], Uma Ramanan<br /> | title5 = Naatu Nadappa<br /> | length5 = <br /> | lyrics5 = <br /> | extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan<br /> | title6 = Vetri Melam<br /> | length6 = <br /> | lyrics6 = <br /> | extra6 = [[S. A. Rajkumar]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> ''Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu'' was released on 5 November 1991, [[Diwali]] day alongside eight other films including ''[[Thalapathi]]'' and ''[[Gunaa]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pandian |first=Avinash |date=5 November 2016 |title=THE LAST TIME WE HAD 9 BIG TAMIL RELEASES IN ONE DAY! |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/remembering-classic-films-like-thalapathi-and-guna-on-its-25-year-anniversary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122135541/http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/remembering-classic-films-like-thalapathi-and-guna-on-its-25-year-anniversary.html |archive-date=22 November 2016 |access-date=23 April 2024 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1991 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:1991 Tamil-language films]]<br /> [[Category:1991 films]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by E. Ramdoss]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by S. A. Rajkumar]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_Turks&diff=450801 2026-02-23T23:08:18Z

<p>Commercial Noida: General improvements to article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Turkic ethnic group}}<br /> {{engvarB|date=January 2021}}<br /> {{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}<br /> {{infobox ethnic group<br /> | group = Ottoman Turks<br /> | native_name = {{lang|tr|Osmanlı Türkleri}}<br /> | native_name_lang = tr<br /> | image = [[File:Ralamb-104.jpg|230px]]<br /> | image_caption = Painting of an Ottoman Turkish {{Transliteration|fa|[[sipahi]]}}, 1657<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | total = {{unbulletedlist<br /> | 15,044,846 (1914){{#tag:ref|[[Muslims]] of the Ottoman Empire, excluding the [[Hejaz vilayet|Vilayet of the Hejaz]].|group=note}}<br /> | 12,590,352 (1884){{#tag:ref|Muslims of the Ottoman Empire, excluding the [[Hejaz vilayet|Vilayet of the Hejaz]].|group=note}}<br /> | 7,000,000 (1831){{#tag:ref|Muslims of Anatolia and some parts of the [[Rumelia Eyalet|Balkans]].|group=note}}}}<br /> | total_year = <br /> | total_source = <br /> | total_ref = <br /> | genealogy = <br /> | regions = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} (esp. [[Anatolia]] and [[Balkans]])&lt;ref name= Stanford1&gt;{{cite news|title=The Ottoman Census System and Population, 1831-1914 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/162768|first=Stanford|last=Shaw |work=Cambridge|date=1978|jstor=162768 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | related = [[Turkish people]]<br /> | languages = [[Old Anatolian Turkish]]{{#tag:ref|Among peasantry and non-elite urban population.|group=note}}&lt;br /&gt;[[Ottoman Turkish]]{{#tag:ref|In [[Ottoman literature|literature]] and by elites.|group=note}}<br /> | religions = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]]&lt;br /&gt;Minority [[Alevism]]<br /> | footnotes = {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Ottoman Turks''' ({{langx|tr|Osmanlı Türkleri}}) were a [[Turkic peoples|Turkic ethnic group]] in [[Anatolia]]. Originally from [[Central Asia]], they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the [[Ottoman Empire]], in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the entirety of the six centuries that it existed. Their descendants are the present-day [[Turkish people]], who comprise the majority of the population in the [[Turkey|Republic of Turkey]], which was established shortly after the end of [[World War I]].<br /> <br /> Reliable information about the early history of the Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name {{Langx|tr|Osmanlı|label=none}} from [[Osman I]], who founded the [[Ottoman dynasty|House of Osman]] alongside the Ottoman Empire; the name &quot;[[Osman (name)|Osman]]&quot; was altered to &quot;Ottoman&quot; when it was transliterated into some [[Languages of Europe|European languages]] over time. The Ottoman principality, expanding from [[Söğüt]], gradually began incorporating other Turkish-speaking [[Muslims]] and non-Turkish [[Christians]] into their realm. By the 1350s, they had begun crossing into [[Muslim Europe|Europe]] and eventually came to dominate the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. In 1453, the [[fall of Constantinople]], which had served as the capital city of the [[Byzantine Empire]], enabled the Ottoman Turks to control all major land routes between [[West Asia|Asia]] and Europe. This development forced [[Western Europe|Western Europeans]] to find other ways to trade with Asians.&lt;ref name=&quot;Europe and the Islamic World: A History &quot;&gt;<br /> {{cite book<br /> | author1 = Tolan, John<br /> | author2 = Veinstein, Gilles<br /> | author3 = Henry Laurens<br /> | title = Europe and the Islamic World: A History<br /> | date = 2013<br /> | publisher = Princeton University Press<br /> | isbn = 978-0-691-14705-5<br /> | pages = 167–188<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Halil İnalcık|İnalcık, Halil]] (1989). &quot;[https://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0006/reference/history.crussix.i0020.pdf Chapter VII. The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1329-1451] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125002306/https://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0006/reference/history.crussix.i0020.pdf |date=25 November 2021 }}&quot;. In Zacour, N. P., and Hazard, H. W. (ed.). ''A History of the Crusades: Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe''. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp.175-221.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Halil İnalcık|İnalcık, Halil]] (1989). &quot;[https://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0006/reference/history.crussix.i0023.pdf Chapter VII. The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1451-1522] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924001048/http://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0006/reference/history.crussix.i0023.pdf |date=24 September 2021 }}&quot;. In Zacour, N. P., and Hazard, H. W. (ed.). ''A History of the Crusades: Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe''. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 311-353.&lt;/ref&gt; Following the [[dissolution of the Ottoman Empire]], the Ottoman Turkish identity ceased to exist; the [[Ottoman Turkish|Ottoman Turkish language]], which was written using the [[Perso-Arabic script]], developed into the modern [[Latin-script alphabet|Latinized]] Turkish language.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> {{Further|History of the Turkish people}}<br /> [[File:I Osman.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ottoman miniature]] from 1579/1580 depicting [[Osman I]], who founded the [[Ottoman dynasty|House of Osman]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] around 1299. Located at [[Topkapı Palace|Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi]] in the city of [[Istanbul]].]]<br /> <br /> === Migration to Anatolia from Central Asia ===<br /> The Ottomans first became known to [[Occident|the West]] in the 13th century, when they migrated from their homeland in [[Central Asia]] westward to the [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rum]] in [[Anatolia]]. The Ottoman Turks established a [[Anatolian beyliks|beylik]] in Western Anatolia under [[Ertugrul]], the capital of which was {{lang|tr|[[Söğüt]]}}. Ertugrul, leader of the nomadic [[Kayı tribe]], first established a principality as part of the decaying [[Seljuk Empire]]. His son [[Osman I|Osman]] expanded the principality; the polity and the people were named &quot;Ottomans&quot; by Europeans after him (&quot;Ottoman&quot; being a corruption of &quot;Osman&quot;). Osman's son [[Orhan]] expanded the growing realm into an empire, taking [[Nicaea]] (present-day [[İznik]]) and crossed the [[Dardanelles]] in 1362. All coins unearthed in {{lang|tr|Söğüt}} during the two centuries before Orhan bear the names of [[Ilkhanate]] rulers. The Seljuks were under the suzerainty of the Ilkhanate, and later the Turco-Mongol conqueror [[Timur|Tamerlane]]. The Ottoman Empire came into its own under [[Mehmed the Conqueror|Mehmed II]], who [[Fall of Constantinople|captured]] the reduced [[Byzantine Empire]]'s well-defended capital, [[Constantinople]] in 1453.&lt;ref&gt;Bréhier, Louis René. (1912). &quot;[[wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Turkish Empire|Turkish Empire]]&quot;. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. '''15'''. New York: Robert Appleton Company.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Tolan, John |author2=Veinstein, Gilles |author3=Henry Laurens |title=&quot;Europe and the Islamic World: A History&quot;.|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14705-5|pages=67–68}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Ottoman Empire until World War I ===<br /> The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the [[Balkans]], the [[Caucasus]], the [[Middle East]] (excluding Iran), and [[North Africa]] over the course of several centuries, with an advanced [[Military of the Ottoman Empire|army]] and [[Ottoman Navy|navy]]. The Empire lasted until the end of the First World War, when it was defeated by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and [[Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|partitioned]]. Following the successful [[Turkish War of Independence]] that ended with the [[Turkish national movement]] retaking most of the land lost to the Allies, the movement [[Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate|abolished the Ottoman sultanate]] on November 1, 1922, and proclaimed the [[Republic of Turkey]] on October 29, 1923. The movement nullified the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] and negotiated the significantly more favorable [[Treaty of Lausanne (1923)]], assuring recognition of modern Turkish national borders, termed ''[[Misak-ı Milli]]'' (National Pact).<br /> <br /> === Definition of a Turk ===<br /> Not all Ottoman Empire citizens were Muslims and not all Ottoman Muslims were [[Turkish people|Turks]], but starting from 1924, every citizen of the newly found Turkish Republic became considered as &quot;Turk&quot;. Article 88 of [[Turkish Constitution of 1924|1924 Constitution]], which was based on the [[Turkish Constitution of 1921|1921 Constitution]], states that the name Turk, as a political term, shall be understood to include all citizens of the Turkish Republic, without distinction of, or reference to race or religion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anayasa.gov.tr/index.php?l=template&amp;id=20&amp;lang=0|title=Turkish Constitution of 1924|language=Turkish|website=T.C. Anayasa Mahkemesi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826235341/http://www.anayasa.gov.tr/index.php?l=template&amp;id=20&amp;lang=0|archive-date=2011-08-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> {{Main|Culture of the Ottoman Empire}}<br /> The conquest of [[Constantinople]] began to make the Ottomans the rulers of one of the most profitable empires, connected to the flourishing Islamic cultures of the time, and at the crossroads of trade into Europe. The Ottomans made major developments in calligraphy, writing, law, architecture, and military science, and became the standard of opulence.<br /> <br /> ===Calligraphy===<br /> Because [[Islam]] is a monotheistic religion that focuses heavily on learning the central text of the [[Quran]] and Islamic culture has historically tended towards [[Aniconism in Islam|discouraging or prohibiting figurative art]], calligraphy became one of the foremost of the arts. <br /> <br /> The early Yâkût period was supplanted in the late 15th century by a new style pioneered by [[Sheikh Hamdullah|Şeyh Hamdullah]] (1429–1520), which became the basis for Ottoman calligraphy, focusing on the [[Nesih]] version of the script, which became the standard for copying the Quran (see [[Islamic calligraphy]]).<br /> <br /> The next great change in Ottoman calligraphy came from the style of [[Hâfiz Osman]] (1642–1698), whose rigorous and simplified style found favour with an empire at its peak of territorial extent and governmental burdens. <br /> <br /> The late calligraphic style of the Ottomans was created by [[Mustafa Râkim]] (1757–1826) as an extension and reform of Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the [[Thuluth|sülüs]] script as well as the Nesih script.<br /> <br /> ===Poetry===<br /> {{Main|Turkish literature}}<br /> Ottoman poetry included epic-length verse but is better known for shorter forms such as the [[gazel]]. For example, the epic poet Ahmedi (-1412) is remembered for his ''[[Alexander the Great]]''. His contemporary Sheykhi wrote verses on love and romance. Yaziji-Oglu produced a religious epic on Mohammed's life, drawing from the stylistic advances of the previous generation and Ahmedi's epic forms.<br /> <br /> ===Painting===<br /> {{Main|Ottoman miniature}}<br /> By the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire's prosperity made manuscript works available to merchants and craftsmen, and produced a flowering of miniatures that depicted pageantry, daily life, commerce, cities and stories, and chronicled events. <br /> <br /> By the late 18th century, European influences in painting were clear, with the introduction of oils, perspective, figurative paintings, use of anatomy and composition.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Ottoman Turkish alphabet]]<br /> *[[Demographics of the Ottoman Empire]]<br /> **[[Ottoman Greeks]]<br /> **[[Ottoman Serbs]]<br /> **[[Armenians in the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Armenians]]<br /> **[[Ottoman Albania|Ottoman Albanians]]<br /> **[[History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Jews]]<br /> **[[Bosniaks#Islamization and Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Bosniaks]]<br /> **[[Ottoman Kurds]]<br /> **[[Cretan Muslims]]<br /> **[[Circassians#Post-exile period|Circassians in the Empire]]<br /> **[[Arabs#Ottoman era (1517–1918)|Arabs]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> === Citations ===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Sources ===<br /> {{Library resources box}}<br /> <br /> ; [[Primary source]]s<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Itzkowitz |first=Norman |author-link = Norman Itzkowitz |year=1980 |title = Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition |publisher = University of Chicago Press |isbn = 0-226-38806-9 |url-access=registration |url = https://archive.org/details/ottomanempireisl00itzk }}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons category|Ottoman Turks}}<br /> *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml BBC website]<br /> <br /> {{Ottoman Empire topics}}<br /> {{Ottoman Empire by modern countries}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ottoman dynasty|*]]<br /> [[Category:Turks from the Ottoman Empire| ]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemashree&diff=502553 2026-02-14T22:47:18Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting new info needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actress}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Hemashree<br /> | image =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | caption = Hemashree in the film [[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]<br /> | birth_name = Hemashree Hosahalli Nagaraju<br /> | birth_date = 1982<br /> | birth_place = [[Tumkur district|Tumkur]], [[Karnataka]], India<br /> | death_date = 9 {{Death year and age|2012|1982|10}}<br /> | death_place = [[Bangalore]], India<br /> | occupation = Actress<br /> | years_active = 2001–2012<br /> | spouse = {{marriage|R. Surendra Babu|2011}}<br /> | party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Hemashree Hosahalli Nagaraju''' (1982 – 9 October 2012)&lt;ref name=&quot;ei&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ie1&quot;/&gt; was an Indian actress who worked in [[Kannada]] [[Soap opera|television soap opera]]s. A struggling actress, she had also appeared in a handful of Kannada films in supporting roles. At the [[2008 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]]s, she contested with a [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP) ticket for her home town Chikkanayakana Halli in the [[Tumkur district|Tumkur region]] of [[Karnataka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ei&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Affidavit Details of Hemashree H N|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/preview.aspx?candid=52875&amp;cid=128|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045613/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/preview.aspx?candid=52875&amp;cid=128|url-status=usurped|archive-date=24 September 2015|publisher=empoweringindia.org|accessdate=27 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ie1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Johnson |first1=T. A.|title=Kannada actress Hemashree: Unhappy life, unexplained death|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/kannada-actress-hemashree-unhappy-life-unexplained-death/1020565/0|accessdate=27 August 2015|work=The Indian Express|date=23 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; She died of mysterious circumstances in October 2012, and her husband Surendra Babu was alleged to have murdered her.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Hemashree made her debut as an actress in 2001, as a 19-year-old, in a [[Kannada]] [[Soap opera|television soap opera]]. She trained at the Adarsha Film and T. V. Institute, Bangalore. In the following years, she worked in soaps such as ''[[Danda Pindagalu]]'', ''Saahasa Lakshmiyaru'' and others made by [[S. Narayan]]. She appeared in minor roles in films, ''[[Varsha (2005 film)|Varsha]]'' and ''[[Sirivantha]]'' (2006).{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}}<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Hemashree was married to R. Surendra Babu, an advocate and a realtor, on 22 June 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;ie1&quot;/&gt; She was coerced to marry him by her mother, who ha received a [[dowry]] of {{INR}}50 [[lakh]] from Babu, who was 48 at the time. The followed day, she registered a complaint with the [[Bangalore City Police]] over the matter and sought police protection fearing that Babu could harm her.{{Citation needed|date=November 2022}} It was also revealed that her &quot;allegedly greedy family&quot; forced her into politics.&lt;ref name=&quot;ie1&quot;/&gt; The couple lived in the [[Banashankari]] neighbourhood of Bangalore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Kannada TV Actor Hemashree (38) Dies, Husband Detained|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=152120|publisher=daijiworld.com|accessdate=27 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Partial filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+ Movies<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2002<br /> | ''[[Appu (2002 film)|Appu]]''<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Marma (film)|Marma]]''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2005<br /> | ''[[Varsha (2005 film)|Varsha]]''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2006<br /> | ''[[Sirivantha]]''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2008<br /> | ''Ugragami''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2009<br /> | ''Cinema Alla Real Story''<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2010<br /> | ''[[Veera Parampare]]''<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+ TV shows<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{Unknown}}<br /> | ''[[Danda Pindagalu]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2002<br /> | ''[[Daridra Lakshmiyaru]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{Unknown}}<br /> | ''Mahamayi''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{Unknown}}<br /> | ''Tulasi''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | 2004<br /> | ''[[Uttarayana (TV serial)|Uttarayana]]''<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{Unknown}}<br /> | ''Vatara''<br /> | &lt;ref name=kannadawebdunia&gt;{{cite news |title=Hemashri {{!}} Appu {{!}} Surendra Babu {{!}} Kannada Seriel Actress {{!}} ಹೇಮಾಶ್ರೀ ಅಸಹಜ ಸಾವು: ಕೊಲೆಯೋ, ಆತ್ಮಹತ್ಯೆಯೋ? |url=http://m.kannada.webdunia.com/kannada-cinema-news/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80-%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%9C-%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81-%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B-%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B-112101100031_1.htm?amp=1 |accessdate=3 September 2018 |work=m.kannada.webdunia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2006-2007<br /> |Geethanjali<br /> |-<br /> |2011-12<br /> |Manasu Mamatha<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Hemashree}}<br /> [[Category:2012 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television actresses]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tumkur]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Date of birth missing]]<br /> [[Category:1982 births]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses in Kannada television]]<br /> [[Category:Actresses from Karnataka]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elgandal_Fort&diff=455528 2026-02-07T13:17:28Z

<p>Commercial Noida: refine details further and improved wording for accuracy</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Hill fort in Telangana, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}<br /> {{Infobox Military Structure<br /> |name = Elgandal Fort<br /> |native_name =<br /> |partof =<br /> |image = Elgandal Fort.jpg<br /> |location = [[Karimnagar]], [[Telangana]]<br /> |caption = Elgandal Fort<br /> |map_type=India Telangana<br /> |map_size = 200<br /> |map_caption = Shown within [[Telangana]]<br /> |type = Fort<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|18.420751|79.042601|type:landmark|display=inline}}<br /> |built = 1083-{{start date and age|1323}}<br /> |builder =<br /> |materials = Stone<br /> |height =<br /> |used =<br /> |demolished =<br /> |condition =<br /> |ownership =<br /> |open_to_public = Yes<br /> |controlledby = <br /> |garrison =<br /> |current_commander =<br /> |commanders =<br /> |occupants =<br /> |battles =<br /> |events =<br /> |image2 =<br /> |caption2 =<br /> }}<br /> '''Elgandal Fort''' is situated amidst palm groves on the banks of the Manair River (a tributary of the [[Godavari River]]), approximately {{convert|10|km|mi}} from [[Karimnagar]] on the Sircilla Road in the Indian state of Telangana.<br /> It was once under the control of the [[Qutub Shahi dynasty]], the [[Mughal Empire]], and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams of Hyderabad]]. During the Nizam era it was the headquarters of Karimnagar. It is believed that a secret tunnel connects Elgandal Fort and [[Manakondur]] some {{convert|9|km}} from Karimnagar on the Karimnagar-Vemulawada highway.&lt;ref name=HINDU&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/wild-bears-make-elgandal-fort-their-home/article893362.ece|title=Wild bears make Elgandal Fort their home|author=K. M. Dayashankar|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=2010-11-18|accessdate=2014-12-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Teen minar Elgandal fort Karimnagar.jpg|Teen Minar, Elgandal Fort|right|250px]]<br /> Originally known as Veligandula, Elgandal is a hillfort built of during the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] (1083–1323) and served as a stronghold for the warrior [[Musunuri Nayaks]]. The [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] occupied the fort in the 16th century and posted Quinamul Mulk as commander. Subsequently, it fell under the administrative control of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Amin Khan was appointed as Khiledar of Elagandal during the reign of [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]] (r. 1724–1748) followed by Muqarrab Khan. Mirza Ibrahim dhamsa became Khiledar during the reign of Nawab [[Salabat Jung]]. Dhamsa rebuilt and strengthened the fort in 1754 during the reign of [[Sikandar Jah]] (r.1803-1823). Bahadur Khan and Karimuddin served as Khiledars. <br /> <br /> While reorganizing the districts, the Sixth Nizam, [[Mir Mahbub Ali Khan]], shifted the District Headquarters from Elagandal to Karimnagar in 1905.<br /> <br /> Elgandal's rulers surrounded the fort with a crocodile filled moat of around {{convert|5|m}} wide and {{convert|4|m}} deep to prevent enemy incursions.&lt;ref name=HINDU /&gt;<br /> <br /> The site also houses a [[mosque]] and an [[eidgah]], the designated place for special [[Eid ul-Fitr|Eid]] prayers.<br /> <br /> ==Notable sites==<br /> Elagndal village is located 15&amp;nbsp;km from Karimnagar. This is a historical place.<br /> The places to visit in Elagandal village include<br /> * The fort on a hill called as Elagandal khilla<br /> * Brindavan tank outside the eastern gateway of the fort, built by Zafar-ud-Doula in 1754, with minarets that oscillate when shaken<br /> * &quot;Dho Minar&quot;<br /> <br /> DoMinar built by Muslim kings (Nizams), has two tall pillars and the height of the pillars is approximately equal to that of Hyderabad [[Charminar]].<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[Musunuri Nayaks]]<br /> *[[Salabat Jung]]<br /> *[[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * https://web.archive.org/web/20080206122935/http://www.elgandal.com/<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061026231443/http://www.indianngos.com/districts/karimnagar/culture%26heritage.htm IndianNGOs.com]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070303175054/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/09/stories/2005040913300300.htm The Hindu] article.<br /> <br /> {{Forts in Telangana}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Forts in Telangana]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celebrity_MasterChef_(Indian_TV_series)&diff=492958 2026-02-05T12:54:07Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox television season<br /> | image = MS Celebrity.jpg<br /> | image_alt =<br /> | caption = <br /> | bgcolour = #F9AB21 <br /> | module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season <br /> | judges = [[Farah Khan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ranveer Brar]]&lt;br&gt;[[Vikas Khanna]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kunal Kapur]]<br /> | host = [[Farah Khan]]<br /> | winner = [[Gaurav Khanna]]<br /> | runner_up = [[Nikki Tamboli]]<br /> | num_contestants = 12<br /> }}<br /> | season_number = <br /> | num_episodes = 55<br /> | episode_list = <br /> | network = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2025|01|27|df=y}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2025|04|18|df=y}}<br /> | prev_season = <br /> | next_season = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Celebrity MasterChef''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language competitive cooking [[game show]] and the spin-off of the series [[MasterChef India – Hindi]], featuring celebrity contestants. [[Ranveer Brar]] and [[Vikas Khanna]] reprised their roles as judges from the original series, while [[Farah Khan]] joined as the first ever host on the ''MasterChef India – Hindi'', also being the co-judge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=Celebrity MasterChef Host Farah Khan Says 'I’ve Always Been An Avid Foodie' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/celebrity-masterchef-host-farah-khan-says-ive-always-been-an-avid-foodie-article-116559258 |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-01-17 |title=From Farah Khan hosting the show to Dipika Kakar, Tejasswi Prakash and others returning to TV; When and where to watch Celebrity MasterChef |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-farah-khan-hosting-the-show-to-dipika-kakar-tejasswi-prakash-and-others-returning-to-tv-when-and-where-to-watch-celebrity-masterchef/photostory/117337035.cms |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The show was won by [[Gaurav Khanna]], with [[Nikki Tamboli]] finishing second, and [[Tejasswi Prakash]] placing third.<br /> <br /> '''''Celebrity Masterchef - Masterclass''''' - an extension of the show, featuring contestants, judges, and home cooks from previous seasons premiered on 14th April 2025 and concluded on 18th April 2025.<br /> <br /> ==Contestants==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable &quot; style=&quot; text-align:center; line-height:25px; width:auto;&quot; <br /> !Sl no<br /> !Contestant<br /> !Age<br /> !Notability <br /> !Status<br /> !Ref.<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |[[Gaurav Khanna]]<br /> |43<br /> |Actor<br /> |style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |Winner&lt;br /&gt;{{small|11 April}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-23 |title=Gaurav Khanna responds to joining Celebrity MasterChef and Alisha Parveen's exit from Anupamaa |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/tv/interviews/gaurav-khanna-responds-to-joining-celebrity-masterchef-and-alisha-parveens-exit-from-anupamaa-video-116574877 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=Times Now |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222191111/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/entertainment/tv/interviews/gaurav-khanna-responds-to-joining-celebrity-masterchef-and-alisha-parveens-exit-from-anupamaa-video-116574877 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |[[Nikki Tamboli]]<br /> |28<br /> |Actress and Reality show alumnus<br /> |style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |{{nowrap|1st runner-up}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|11 April}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bollyy |title=Nikki Tamboli Makes a Comeback with MasterChef India Celebrity Edition |url=https://bollyy.com/tv-news/nikki-tamboli-makes-a-comeback-with-masterchef-india-celebrity-edition-8549345 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=bollyy.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |[[Tejasswi Prakash]]<br /> |31<br /> |Actress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#B0E0E6;&quot; |{{nowrap|2nd runner-up}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|11 April}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-12-20 |title=Tejasswi Prakash roped in as the next contestant on celebrity MasterChef; says 'Cooking on national television is a whole new level of vulnerability' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-roped-in-as-the-next-contestant-on-celebrity-masterchef-says-cooking-on-national-television-is-a-whole-new-level-of-vulnerability/articleshow/116508287.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223171634/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/tejasswi-prakash-roped-in-as-the-next-contestant-on-celebrity-masterchef-says-cooking-on-national-television-is-a-whole-new-level-of-vulnerability/articleshow/116508287.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |Faisal Sheikh<br /> |30<br /> |Social media personality <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;&quot; |Finalists&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(Top 5)}}&lt;br /&gt;{{small|11 April}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |Rajiv Adatia<br /> |36<br /> |Social media personality<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-12-23 |title=Exclusive - Celebrity Masterchef: Rajiv Adatia to show off his cooking skills in this new season; says 'I deeply enjoy and find cooking therapeutic' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-celebrity-masterchef-rajiv-adatia-to-show-off-his-cooking-skills-in-this-new-season-says-i-deeply-enjoy-and-find-cooking-therapeutic/articleshow/116580352.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223003150/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-celebrity-masterchef-rajiv-adatia-to-show-off-his-cooking-skills-in-this-new-season-says-i-deeply-enjoy-and-find-cooking-therapeutic/articleshow/116580352.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |[[Archana Gautam]]<br /> |29<br /> |Reality show alumnus<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|3 April}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chef Ranveer Brar Scolds Archana Gautam For Being 'Careless' On Celebrity MasterChef |url=https://www.news18.com/entertainment/television/chef-ranveer-brar-scolds-archana-gautam-for-being-careless-on-celebrity-masterchef-aa-9196553.html |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |[[Usha Nadkarni]]<br /> |78<br /> |Actress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|25 March}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=मेढे |first=जयदीप |date=2024-12-22 |title=निक्की तांबोळी आणि उषा नाडकर्णी एकत्र, 'या' कार्यक्रमात दोघींमुळे लागणार 'फोडणी'; निमित्त काय? |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/nikki-tamboli-and-usha-nadkarni-in-celebrity-masterchef-hosted-by-farah-khan-entertainment-marathi-news-1334338 |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222074651/https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/television/nikki-tamboli-and-usha-nadkarni-in-celebrity-masterchef-hosted-by-farah-khan-entertainment-marathi-news-1334338 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |[[Dipika Kakar]]<br /> |37<br /> |Actress<br /> |style=&quot;background:tan;&quot; |Withdrew&lt;br /&gt;{{small|17 March}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-12-22 |title=From bonding with co-stars Tejasswi Prakash, Chandan Prabhakar to taking son Ruhaan to the sets; Dipika Kakar shares glimpses from her Celebrity Masterchef promo shoot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-bonding-with-co-stars-tejasswi-prakash-chandan-prabhakar-to-taking-son-ruhaan-to-the-sets-dipika-kakar-shares-glimpses-from-her-celebrity-masterchef-promo-shoot/photostory/116569993.cms |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222184809/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-bonding-with-co-stars-tejasswi-prakash-chandan-prabhakar-to-taking-son-ruhaan-to-the-sets-dipika-kakar-shares-glimpses-from-her-celebrity-masterchef-promo-shoot/photostory/116569993.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |Kabita Singh<br /> |46<br /> |Social media personality <br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|7 March}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-12-23 |title=Celebrity MasterChef: Farah Khan's unmissable banter with Chefs Vikas Khanna and Ranveer Brar leaves fans in splits |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/celebrity-masterchef-farah-khans-unmissable-banter-with-chefs-vikas-khanna-and-ranveer-brar-leaves-fans-in-splits/articleshow/116606992.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223171402/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/celebrity-masterchef-farah-khans-unmissable-banter-with-chefs-vikas-khanna-and-ranveer-brar-leaves-fans-in-splits/articleshow/116606992.cms |archive-date=2024-12-23 |access-date=2024-12-23 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |[[Ayesha Jhulka]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]<br /> |52<br /> |Actress<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|21 February}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=Celebrity MasterChef: Rajiv Adatia vibes on Pehla Nasha with actress Ayesha Jhulka; has she joined show as a wildcard? |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/celebrity-masterchef-rajiv-adatia-vibes-on-pehla-nasha-with-actress-ayesha-jhulka-has-she-joined-show-as-a-wildcard-1368575 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |[[Abhijeet Sawant]]<br /> |43<br /> |Singer<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|14 February}}<br /> |&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |12<br /> |[[Chandan Prabhakar]]<br /> |44<br /> |Comedian<br /> |style=&quot;background:#f4c7b8;&quot; |Eliminated&lt;br /&gt;{{small|7 February}}<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-09 |title=Celebrity MasterChef: Chandan Prabhakar loses to Tejasswi Prakash, gets eliminated |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/celebrity-masterchef-chandan-prabhakar-loses-to-tejasswi-prakash-gets-eliminated-9825861/ |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Elimination table==<br /> &lt;!-- Please do not change the format and do not add colors to this table, as it follows the MasterChef America format with some improvements to align with the Indian adaptation. --&gt;<br /> &lt;div style=&quot;overflow-x:scroll;&quot;&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: 8pt; line-height:25px;&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Place<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Contestant<br /> ! colspan=&quot;58&quot; |Episodes<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Week 1<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;14&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Week 2<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;14&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Week 3<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;13&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Week 4<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;12&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Week 5<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;11&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Week 6<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;11&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Week 7<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;10&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Week 8<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Week 9<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |Week 10<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;9&quot;|<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |Week 11<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2<br /> !3<br /> !4<br /> !5<br /> !6<br /> !7<br /> !8-9<br /> !10<br /> !11<br /> !{{nowrap|12-13}}<br /> !14<br /> !15<br /> !16<br /> !{{nowrap|17-18}}<br /> !19<br /> !20<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |21<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |22<br /> !{{nowrap|23-24}}<br /> !25<br /> !26<br /> !27<br /> !28<br /> !29<br /> !30<br /> !{{nowrap|31-32}}<br /> !{{nowrap|32-33-34}}<br /> !{{nowrap|34-35}}<br /> !{{nowrap|36-37}}<br /> !{{nowrap|38-39}}<br /> !{{nowrap|39-40}}<br /> !41<br /> !42<br /> !43<br /> !44<br /> !45<br /> !46<br /> !47<br /> !{{nowrap|48-49}}<br /> !{{nowrap|49-50}}<br /> !51<br /> !52<br /> !53<br /> !{{nowrap|54-55}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | '''Gaurav'''<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFDB58;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, mistyrose 50%, #959FFD 50%);&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> |style=&quot;background:gold;&quot; |WINNER<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | '''Nikki'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:honeydew;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FADA5E;&quot; | IMN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFDB58;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, mistyrose 50%, limegreen 50%);&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:khaki;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:silver;&quot; |{{nowrap|RUNNER-UP}}<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | '''Tejasswi'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; | HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FFDB58;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#B0E0E6;&quot; |THIRD<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | '''Faisal'''<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, #959FFD 50%, skyblue 50%);&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:khaki;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, mistyrose 50%, cornflowerblue 50%);&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, mistyrose 50%, limegreen 50%);&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightyellow;&quot; |ELIM<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | '''Rajiv'''<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:honeydew;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background: cornflowerblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; |PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT <br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:lightyellow;&quot; |ELIM<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | '''Archana'''<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:honeydew;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, mistyrose 50%, #959FFD 50%);&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:#72858C;&quot; |VIS<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | '''Usha'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:honeydew;&quot;|IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:khaki;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot;| WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:khaki;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:skyblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#72858C;&quot; |VIS<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#72858C;&quot; |VIS<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | '''Dipika'''<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FADA5E;&quot; | IMN<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#FADA5F;&quot; |PIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot; |HI<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fcf;&quot;|HI<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot;|EXC<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:tan;&quot; |WDR<br /> ! colspan=&quot;18&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | '''Kabita'''<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}} <br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | style=&quot;background:cornflowerblue;&quot; |HIGH<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; |WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; |{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; | LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:mistyrose;&quot; | PT<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;23&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> !10<br /> | '''Ayesha'''<br /> ! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |<br /> ! colspan=&quot;4&quot; |<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:#959FFD;&quot;| WIN<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:palegreen;&quot; |IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;36&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> !11<br /> | '''Abhijeet'''<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot;|{{White|LOW}}<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot;|EXC<br /> | IN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background-image: linear-gradient(to right bottom, #959FFD 50%, skyblue 50%);&quot; | WIN<br /> | style=&quot;background:yellow;&quot; |IMM<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot;|{{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;35&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#72858C;&quot; |VIS<br /> ! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> !12<br /> | '''Chandan'''<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | style=&quot;background:orange;&quot; |LOW<br /> | colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:darkgray;&quot; |EXC<br /> | style=&quot;background:limegreen;&quot; |WIN<br /> | IN<br /> | style=&quot;background:purple;&quot; | {{White|LOW}}<br /> | style=&quot;background:crimson;&quot; |{{White|ELIM}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;46&quot; |<br /> |}<br /> &lt;/div&gt;<br /> <br /> : {{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} (WINNER) The cook won the competition.<br /> : {{Color box|silver|border=darkgray}} (RUNNER-UP) The cook finished as runner-up in the finals.<br /> : {{Color box|#B0E0E6|border=darkgray}} (THIRD) The cook placed third in the finals.<br /> : {{Color box|limegreen|border=darkgray}} (WIN) The cook won an individual challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|#959FFD|border=darkgray}} (WIN) The cook won a pair/team challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|cornflowerblue|border=darkgray}} (HIGH) The cook was one of the top entries in an individual challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|skyblue|border=darkgray}} (HIGH) The cook was one of the top entries in a pair/team challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|white|border=darkgray}} (IN) The cook wasn't selected as a top or bottom entry in an individual challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|palegreen|border=darkgray}} (IN) The cook wasn't selected as a top or bottom entry in a pair/team challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|honeydew|border=darkgray}} (IN) The cook dish wasn’t tasted but advanced.<br /> : {{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}} (LOW) The cook was one of the bottom entries in an individual challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|purple|border=darkgray}} (LOW) The cook was one of the bottom entries in a pair/team challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|#A9A9A9|border=darkgray}} (EXC) The cook was excluded from the challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|#fcf|border=darkgray}} (HI) The cook was excluded from the challenge due to health issues.<br /> : {{Color box|#FFDB58|border=darkgray}} (IMM) The cook participated in the challenge but was safe from elimination.<br /> : {{Color box|yellow|border=darkgray}} (IMM) The cook didn't participate in the challenge as he/she had already advanced to the next week.<br /> : {{Color box|khaki|border=darkgray}} (IMM) The cook was saved via advantage and didn't have to compete in the challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|#FADA5E|border=darkgray}} (IMN) The cook won an immunity pin in an Immunity pin challenge.<br /> : {{Color box|#FADA5F|border=darkgray}} (PIN) The cook used an immunity pin to be exempted from the elimination challenge.<br /> : {{color box|mistyrose|border=silver}} (PT) The cook competed in the black apron challenge in elimination round, and advanced.<br /> : {{color box|border=silver|tan}} (WDR) The cook withdrew from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> : {{Color box|crimson|border=darkgray}} (ELIM) The cook was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> :{{color box|#72858C|border=darkgray}} (VIS) The cook returned to MasterChef Kitchen as a guest and participated in a challenge.<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#F9AB21 |overall= |season= |title= |titleR=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Episode List' |url=https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/celebrity-masterchef-1790006208 |website=SonyLIV |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; |airdate= |country=India |episodes={{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 1<br /> | Title = Kitchen Is Set<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|1|27}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Mystery Box Challenge:''' Prepare a dish using Harappan civilization ingredients and without using any electric equipments. <br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Nikki, Usha Tai and Tejasswi<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Nikki<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 2<br /> | Title = Messy Egg Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|1|28}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a perfect meringue.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Delay cooking for 2 minutes of two contestants. Nikki choose Dipika and Rajiv.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Faisal<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Chandan, Usha Tai and Dipika<br /> *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a dish with Eggs in 45 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Pause cooking for 5 minutes of any bottom contestant from previous challenge. Faisal choose Chandan.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Dipika<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Chandan and Archana<br /> *'''Result:''' Chandan was excluded from the immunity pin race.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 3<br /> | Title = State and Country Fusion Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|1|29}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Pairs Challenge:''' Fusion between Indian States and Country.<br /> **'''Pairs:''' Dipika and Tejasswi, Rajiv and Faisal, Nikki and Gaurav, Archana and Usha Tai, and Kabita and Abhijeet.<br /> *'''Round 1:''' Integrate an Indian state and a foreign country ingredients and prepare a welcome drink.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Usha tai and Archana<br /> *'''Result:''' Kabita and Abhijeet were bottom pair and was excluded from the immunity pin race. <br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 4<br /> | Title = State and Country Fusion Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|1|30}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Round 2''': Prepare two dishes from assigned Indian state and foreign country. <br /> *'''Twist:''' Only 1 dish of each pair were tasted.<br /> *'''Result:''' Usha Tai and Archana were bottom pair and was excluded from the immunity pin race.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 5<br /> | Title = Vikas Khanna Replication Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|1|31}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Replica Challenge:''' Replicate Chef Vikas dish, 'Brahmand' ''lit.'' Universe .<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Dipika, Tejasswi and Gaurav.<br /> *'''Result:''' Dipika won an immunity pin.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 6<br /> | Title = Tribute to the Loved Ones<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|3}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a dish that depicts a precious memory of their life in 70 minutes.<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Chandan, Kabita and Dipika<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Chandan<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 7<br /> | Title = Winter on a Plate<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|4}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a dish with seasonal winter ingredients in 55 minutes introduced by Chef [[Kunal Kapur]].<br /> *'''Twists:''' Use Liquid Nitrogen. Only 7 out of 11 dish were tasted.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Chandan can call Chef Kunal for assistance for 5 minutes.<br /> *''' Dishes chosen to taste:''' Tejasswi, Kabita, Chandan, Dipika, Gaurav, Faisal and Abhijeet<br /> *'''Challenge Winners:''' Kabita and Tejasswi<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 8<br /> | Title = First-Ever Team Service Challenge - Part 1<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|5}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Team Challenge:''' Contestants in team have to work in a restaurant to serve fifteen notable guests.<br /> **'''Pink Team:''' Kabita (Captain), Rajiv, Faisal, Abhijeet, Dipika and Archana<br /> **'''Blue Team:''' Tejasswi (Captain), Usha Tai, Gaurav, Nikki and Chandan<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Tejasswi and Kabita become the captains of the team pink and team blue respectively.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 9<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 9<br /> | Title = First-Ever Team Service Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|6}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Challenge Winner:''' Pink Team<br /> *'''Result:''' Pink Team, Kabita, Rajiv, Faisal, Abhijeet, Dipika and Archana received immunity.<br /> *Abhijeet and Faisal from the pink team had the best dishes and won Veeba power card.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 10<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 10<br /> | Title = First Elimination Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|7}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Veeba's Power Card Advantage:''' Abhijeet and Faisal can save a non-immune contestant. They choose Usha Tai.<br /> * '''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Prepare a dish with a given type of chilli as a main ingredient.<br /> * '''Bottom Dishes:''' Tejasswi and Chandan<br /> * '''Result:''' Chandan was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 11<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 11<br /> | Title = Liquid to Solid Challenge <br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|10}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *[[Ayesha Jhulka]] entered as a wildcard contestant. <br /> *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a solid dish with given liquid item. <br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Gaurav, Nikki and Faisal<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Faisal<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Tejasswi, Rajiv and Dipika<br /> *'''Result:''' Dipika were given Black Apron.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 12<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 12<br /> | Title = Double Trouble Team Challenge - Part 1<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|11}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a dish with three star ingredients.<br /> **'''Red Team''': Faisal (Captain), Ayesha, Archana, Usha Tai and Gaurav<br /> **'''Green Team''': Nikki (Captain), Abhijeet, Rajiv, Kabita and Tejasswi<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Faisal become captain of a team and also choose captain of the other team, Nikki.<br /> *'''Twists:''' Only 2 people can cook at a time. In every fifteen minutes, they had to swap their places.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 13<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 13<br /> | Title = Double Trouble Team Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|12}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Challenge Winner:''' Red Team<br /> *'''Result:''' Red Team, Faisal, Ayesha, Archana, Usha Tai and Gaurav received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 14<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 14<br /> | Title = Golden Mystery Box Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|13}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Golden Mystery Box Challenge:''' Prepare a dish with a minimum of 5 ingredients from the Golden Mystery Box.<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Tejasswi and Rajiv<br /> *'''Result:''' Tejasswi received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 15<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 15<br /> | Title = Pooja Dhingra's Elimination Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|14}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Replicate Chef [[Pooja Dhingra|Pooja Dhingra's]] French dessert 'Croquembouche' in 120 minutes.<br /> *Dipika used her immunity pin to be exempted from the challenge.<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Rajiv and Nikki<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Abhijeet and Kabita<br /> *'''Eliminated:''' Abhijeet was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 16<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 16<br /> | Title = Festival Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|17}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a dish related to an Indian festival. <br /> *'''Twist:''' Prepare a sweet dish with main dish (if preparing savoury) and prepare a savoury dish with main dish (if preparing sweet).<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Gaurav and Usha Tai<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Usha Tai<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Nikki and Archana<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 17<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 17<br /> | Title = Blind Fold Challenge - Part 1<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|18}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Mini Challenge:''' Any one contestant from each pair have to guess an item by a sense of touch, smell, and taste from fifty food ingredients.<br /> **'''Pairs:''' Dipika and Usha Tai, Nikki and Archana, Gaurav and Tejasswi, Faisal and Ayesha, Rajiv and Kabita<br /> *'''Mini Challenge Winner:''' Dipika.<br /> *'''Blind Wall Challenge:''' Prepare a identical dish without visual communication.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Dipika and Usha can see their visually communicate and assist each other for 5 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Disadvantage:''' Nikki and Archana cannot communicate to each other for 10 minutes.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 18<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 18<br /> | Title = Blind Fold Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|19}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Challenge Winner:''' Nikki and Archana<br /> *'''Result:''' Nikki and Archana received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 19<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 19<br /> | Title = Theatre Food Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|20}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Nikki and Archana formed teams.<br /> **'''Red Team''': Faisu (Team Captain), Ayesha, Usha Tai and Dipika<br /> **'''Yellow Team''': Gaurav (Team Captain), Tejasswi, Rajiv and Kabita<br /> *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a Korean / Mexican cuisine dishes and sell them to people in cinema.<br /> *'''Twist:''' Nikki and Archana participated in the mid-challenge. Nikki joined team yellow and Archana joined team red.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Yellow Team, Gaurav, Tejasswi, Rajiv and Kabita received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 20<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 20<br /> | Title = Elimination Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|21}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Yellow Team Captain Gaurav was given an advantage to save a non-immune contestant. He choose Usha.<br /> *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Faisal, Dipika and Ayesha were given three protein and Pastes.<br /> **Faisal - Mutton and Rogan Josh Paste<br /> **Dipika - Fish and Shorshe Bata<br /> **Ayesha - Chicken and Assamese Black Sesame Paste<br /> Prepare a dish from given ingredients.<br /> * '''Bottom Dishes:''' Ayesha and Faisal<br /> * '''Result:''' Ayesha was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 21<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 21<br /> | Title = Second Chance for Immunity Pin<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|24}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Skills Test:''' Finely Chop 500 gm onions.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Rajiv Adatia<br /> *'''Bottom Contestants:''' Usha tai and Kabita were excluded from the immunity pin challenge.<br /> *'''Immunity Pin Challenge:''' Prepare a dish inspired by Farah Khan's Roast Chicken in 75 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Rajiv got an additional 5 minute advantage. He also choose two contestants who will begin their cooking after 5 minutes.( He chose Archana and Nikki.)<br /> * '''Top Dishes:''' Tejasswi and Nikki<br /> *'''Result:''' Nikki won an immunity pin.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 22<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 22<br /> | Title = Fun with Italy<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|25}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare three different types of stuffed pasta in three colours in 20 minutes.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Gaurav Khanna<br /> *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a dish of colour based on Italy's flag colour. <br /> **'''Red:''' Usha Tai, Nikki, and Archana<br /> **'''White:'' Gaurav, Tejasswi, Dipika and Kabita<br /> **'''Green:''' Rajiv and Faisu<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Gaurav can call Chef Ranveer for assistance for 10 minutes.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Tejasswi<br /> *'''Bottom Dish:''' Archana<br /> *'''Result:''' Archana were given Black Apron.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 23<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 23<br /> | Title = Healthy Food Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Pairs Challenge:''' Prepare a healthy dish.<br /> **'''Pairs:''' Tejasswi and Nikki, Rajiv and Usha Tai, Dipika and Faisu and Gaurav and Kabita<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Advantage Winner:''' Tejasswi can choose her partner, she choose Nikki.<br /> *'''Twists:''' One contestant from each pair have to do cycling to turn on gas supply. Pairs also have to switch on judges calls. Archana proxies Usha Tai.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 24<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 24<br /> | Title = Healthy Food Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|27}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Twist:''' Prepare a healthy dessert. Contestant can now cook at the same time.<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Rajiv and Usha Tai and Nikki and Tejasswi<br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Gaurav and Kabita and Faisu and Dipika<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 25<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 25<br /> | Title = Overnight Cooking Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|2|28}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *Dipika was hospitalized and did not participate in the challenge.<br /> *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Prepare a dish that involves overnight cooking technique introduced by Chef Romi Gill.<br /> *'''Result:''' No Elimination<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 26<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 26<br /> | Title = Replica Dish Challenge <br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|3}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *Dipika was excluded and received Black Apron.<br /> *'''Replica Challenge:''' Replicate Chef Ranveer's dish.<br /> *'''Twist:''' In mid-challenge recipe page were taken away.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Gaurav<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 27<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 27<br /> | Title = Coconut Team Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|4}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a four-course meal with coconut as core ingredient in 120 minutes.<br /> **'''Red Team:''' Archana (Captain), Rajiv, Usha Tai, Faisu<br /> **'''Blue Team:''' Gaurav (Captain), Tejasswi, Nikki, Kabita<br /> *'''Twist:''' Teams have to serve a dish in every 30 minutes.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Red Team<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 28<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 28<br /> | Title = Phool aur Kaante Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|5}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Red Team Captain, Archana received immunity. She can also immune any of her teammate. Archana choose Faisal.<br /> Remaining Teammate Rajiv and Usha Tai can take Archana and Faisal's assistance for 5 minutes. Both choose Faisal.<br /> *'''Mystery Box Challenge:''' Prepare a dish with Thorn Plant / Flower, assigned by Archana.<br /> *'''Twist:''' Only contestants assigned Thorn Plant can access Pantry.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Usha Tai<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 29<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 29<br /> | Title = The Taste Test <br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|6}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Mini Challenge:''' Identify ingredients of a dish by tasting.<br /> *'''Mini-Challenge Winner:''' Tejasswi<br /> *'''Main Challenge:''' Prepare a dish using Dosa Batter in 30 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Contestants must stop cooking for 5 minutes except Tejasswi.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Tejasswi Prakash<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 30<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 30<br /> | Title = Lucky Dip Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|7}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Prepare a dish using four ingredients from categories, Protein, Nuts and Seeds, Fruits and Vegetables, and Cheese from Lucky Dip.<br /> *'''Result:''' Kabita was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 31<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 31<br /> | Title = Chef Manu Chandra's Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|10}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Follow Along Challenge:''' Prepare a dish following Chef Manu Chandra inspired by Tomato Shorba in 90 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Week Best Dish Advantage:''' Choose a contestant who cannot see Chef Manu for five minutes. Nikki choose Rajiv.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 32<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 32<br /> | Title = Wheel of Fortune Pair Challenge By Chef Ajay Chopra<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|11}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Challenge Winner:''' Rajiv Adatia<br /> *'''Pairs Challenge:''' Chef Ajay Chopra introduced ''Fortune'' Wheel having 25 ingredients. Each pair rolled wheel twice, and received two core ingredients to prepare either Sweet or Savoury dish.<br /> **'''Pairs:''' Rajiv and Nikki, Tejasswi and Usha Tai, Faisu and Dipika, and Archana and Gaurav.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 33<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 33<br /> | Title = Wheel of Fortune Pair Challenge By Chef Ajay Chopra - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|12}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Choose a pair who will work for 5 minutes with tied hands together. Rajiv choose Archana and Gaurav.<br /> *'''Twists:''' Pairs have to serve a dish in two portions, the other for contestants househelp.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 34<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 34<br /> | Title = &quot;Hina and Rocky's Wedding Menu Challenge&quot;<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|13}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Gaurav and Archana<br /> *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a four-course meal for guests [[Hina Khan]] and Rocky Jaiswal's wedding menu in 120 minutes.<br /> **'''Team Ladkewale:''' Dipika, Nikki, Rajiv and Usha Tai .<br /> *'''Team Ladkiwale:''' Archana, Tejasswi, Gaurav and Faisu.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 35<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 35<br /> | Title = Hina and Rocky's Wedding Menu Challenge - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|14}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Choose a teammate from opposite team to stop their cooking for 5 minutes. They choose Nikki and Rajiv.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Tejasswi, Nikki and Gaurav.<br /> *'''Result:''' Tejasswi received Chef Ranveer's Knife and were immune. Nikki from Team Ladkewale, and Gaurav from Team Ladkiwale received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 36<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 36<br /> | Title = Veeba Taste Test<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|17}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *Dipika withdrew from MasterChef Kitchen due to health issues.<br /> *'''Mini Challenge:''' Contestants have to taste Veeba Sauces and Dressings to identify their ingredients.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Rajiv<br /> *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Prepare a dish related to Holi in 90 minutes. The top dish will be featured in Chef [[Zorawar Kalra|Zorawar Kalra's]] restaurant.<br /> *'''Twist:''' Family members of contestants assisted them in cooking.&lt;br&gt; Immuned contestants also competed in the challenge but not judged.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 37<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 37<br /> | Title = Holi Special Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|18}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Rajiv can take assistance from any contestants family member. He choose Archana's mother<br /> * '''Result:''' No Elimination<br /> * '''Top Dish:''' Faisal<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 38<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 38<br /> | Title = Black Apron Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|19}}<br /> | ShortSummary = * The contestants will have to cook in Black Aprons and The winner of each challenge will be safe for the whole week<br /> *Chef Kunal Kapur proxies Chef Vikas Khanna.<br /> *'''Black Apron Challenge:''' Prepare a dish with 4 elements in one utensil only.<br /> *'''Twist:''' Contestants have to swap their counters and complete their present neighbour dish to judges except Faisal. <br /> **Counter Swaps,<br /> ***Archana and Rajiv.<br /> ***Nikki and Tejasswi <br /> ***Gaurav and Usha Tai .<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 39<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 39<br /> | Title = Delhi Spice Test<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|20}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Black Apron Challenge Winner:''' Faisal Sheikh<br /> *'''Result:''' Faisal received immunity.<br /> *'''Black Apron Challenge:'''<br /> **'''Round 1:''' One contestant from each pair have to guess the Delhi's spice by sense of touch.<br /> ***'''Pairs''': Nikki and Tejasswi, Usha and Rajiv, Archana and Gaurav.<br /> *'''Round 1 Winner:''' Usha Tai and Rajiv<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 40<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 40<br /> | Title = Delhi Chaat Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|21}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Round 2:''' Pairs have to prepare a Chaat and Chaat Masala individually in 20 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Rajiv and Usha get extra 5 minutes.<br /> *'''Round 2 Winner:''' Archana and Gaurav.<br /> *'''Round 3:''' Prepare a dish with Delhi's famous delicacy and a spice mix that were won in auction. Contestants have to auction with their allocated time to receive their dish elements. The minimum bid would be 10 minutes and thereafter of multiples of 5 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Archana and Gaurav allocated the cooking time to pairs.<br /> **Archana and Gaurav - 120 minutes<br /> **Tejasswi and Usha Tai - 100 minutes<br /> **Rajiv and Nikki - 90 minutes<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 41<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 41<br /> | Title = Delhi Special Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|24}}<br /> | ShortSummary =<br /> *Auction Results in order,<br /> **Nihari and Kashmiri Ver -Tejasswi for 25 minutes, Remaining time 75 minutes.<br /> **Chicken Tikka and Shichimi Togarashi Mix - Usha Tai for 45 minutes, Remaining time 55 minutes.<br /> **Rajma Chawal and Madras Curry Powder - Rajiv for 35 minutes, Remaining time 55 minutes.<br /> **Chole Bhature and Advieh - Archana for 30 minutes, Remaining time 90 minutes.<br /> **Butter Chicken and Berbere - Nikki for 20 minutes, Remaining time 70 minutes.<br /> **Bedmi Puri with Aloo Sabji and Jeeravan Masala - Gaurav for 0 minutes, Remaining time, 120 minutes.<br /> Contestants have to prepare their dish in their remaining time.<br /> *'''Round 3 Winner:''' Nikki Tamboli<br /> *'''Result:''' Nikki received immunity.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 42<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 42<br /> | Title = Futuristic Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|25}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' <br /> **'''Mystery Box Challenge''' <br /> ***'''Chef Kunal's Mystery Box:''' Australian Blood Lime as core ingredient. Prepare a dish in 120 minutes and with extensive support pantry.<br /> ***'''Chef Ranveer's Mystery Box:''' Prepare a dish from 4 ingredients out of 9 available ingredients in 90 minutes.<br /> **Archana, Rajiv, and Gaurav choose Chef Kunal's Mystery Box.<br /> **Tejasswi and Usha Tai choose Chef Ranveer's Mystery Box.<br /> *'''Twist:''' In mid-challenge Farah opened her Mystery Box, contestants have to use Pressure Cooker.<br /> *'''Result:''' Usha Tai was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 43<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 43<br /> | Title = Odisha Special Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|26}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a Special Odisha Cuisine Platter.<br /> **'''Red Team:''' Nikki (Captain), Gaurav, Archana <br /> **'''Blue Team:''' Faisal (Captain), Tejasswi and Rajiv<br /> *Red Team - Odisha Temple Special Platter<br /> *Blue Team - Pakhala Platter<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Red Team<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 44<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 44<br /> | Title = Aloo Superstar Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|27}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' Prepare a Deep Fried Spiced Potato Accordion in 30 minutes.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Nikki was exempted from challenge.<br /> * '''Challenge Winner:''' Faisal Sheikh<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 45<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 45<br /> | Title = Sai Seva Service Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|28}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Team Challenge:''' Prepare a thali for 500 Sai Baba devotees in 3 hours.<br /> *Usha Nadkarni returned as a guest and participated in the challenge. <br /> **'''Green Team''': Tejasswi (Captain), Gaurav and Faisu<br /> **'''Blue Team''': Rajiv (Captain), Archana, Nikki and Usha<br /> *'''Twist:''' Both teams get 4 professional helpers for challenge.<br /> *'''Result:''' Tie.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 46<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 46<br /> | Title = Barter Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|3|31}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *Nikki had to give away her immunity pin since she cannot use it anyway in Semifinale.<br /> *'''Barter Challenge:''' Each contestant received a box of ingredients belonging to a particular food category and have to barter their ingredients with another contestant. Contestants must barter at least once and prepare a dish using three ingredients from their final tray.<br /> *'''Twist:''' Farah brought her own tray of ingredients that she bartered with contestants. <br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Nikki Tamboli<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 47<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 47<br /> | Title = International Street Food Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|1}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Pair Challenge:''' Set up a food stall and prepare dishes with given cuisine in 120 minutes.<br /> **'''Pairs:''' Gaurav and Tejasswi, Archana and Rajiv, Nikki and Faisal<br /> **'''Cuisines:''' <br /> ***Gaurav and Tejasswi - Indonesian cuisine. <br /> ***Archana and Rajiv - British cuisine.<br /> ***Nikki and Faisu - Dutch cuisine. <br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Tejasswi and Gaurav earned the highest number of coins.<br /> *'''Result:''' Gaurav and Tejasswi become finalists.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 48<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 48<br /> | Title = On Cloud Nine Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|2}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Black Apron Elimination Challenge:''' Replicate Chef Vikas Khanna's 'On Cloud Nine' dish in 120 minutes without recipe.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 49<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 49<br /> | Title = Mystery Box Challenge By Chef Saransh Goila<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|3}}<br /> | ShortSummary = <br /> *'''Bottom Dishes:''' Archana and Faisal<br /> *'''Result:''' Archana was eliminated from MasterChef Kitchen. Faisal, Nikki and Rajiv become finalists.<br /> *'''Mystery Box Challenge:''' Chef [[Saransh Goila]] gave each finalist a separate mystery box. Finalists have to prepare a dish in 120 minutes, and the pantry remains open entire time.<br /> **Faisu - Coal technique to prepare Ghevar.<br /> **Nikki - Chicken core ingredient and Dehydration technique.<br /> **Gaurav - Prepare Dessert with Syphon<br /> **Rajiv - Re-invent a Gujrati Sweet, Mohan Thaal by using Piping technique.<br /> **Tejasswi - Dried Shrimp core ingredient and emulsification technique.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 50<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 50<br /> | Title = Mystery Box Challenge By Chef Saransh Goila - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|4}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *Ex contestants Usha, Archana and Abhijeet returned to the MasterChef Kitchen. Finalists can ask for their assistance for 5 minutes. <br /> * '''Challenge Winner:''' Gaurav<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 51<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 51<br /> | Title = Face Your Fears Challenge<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|7}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' [[Munawar Faruqui]] challenged the finalists with their weakest ingredient.<br /> **Gaurav - Ginger<br /> **Faisal - Cheese<br /> **Nikki - Crab<br /> **Tejasswi - Red Chilli<br /> **Rajiv - Prepare savoury dish from Cherry<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Gaurav gets an additional 30 minutes—15 minutes each from two contestants he chose, Faisal and Tejasswi.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Gaurav<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 52<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 52<br /> | Title = Pressure Test by Chef Rahul Rana<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|8}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Replica Challenge:''' Replicate Chef Rahul Rana's dish 'Shadras', which comprises six dishes, 22 elements, and 150 steps in 150 minutes.<br /> * '''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Chef Rahul will complete 1/6th of the dish for Gaurav.<br /> *'''Top Dishes:''' Gaurav and Faisal<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Faisal<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 53<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 53<br /> | Title = Celebrity Cooks vs Chefs<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|9}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Skills Test:''' The finalists competed with against professional chefs, Chef Gaurav Malhotra, Chef Ishijyot Suri and Chef Reena Samby. [[Chunky Panday]] appeared as the guest judge.&lt;br&gt; There were 10 pantry boxes, each revealed at a specific time slot.<br /> **Staple Pantry - 100 minutes<br /> **Spices Pantry - 95 minutes. <br /> ***Chef Ishijyot Suri.<br /> **Grains Pantry - 90 minutes<br /> **Aromatics Pantry - 85 minutes<br /> **Protein Pantry - 80 minutes.<br /> ***Chef Reena Samby and Tejasswi.<br /> **Fruits Pantry - 75 minutes.<br /> ***Faisal and Gaurav.<br /> **Alcohol Pantry - 70 minutes<br /> **Nuts and Seeds Pantry - 65 minutes<br /> **Sea Food Pantry - 60 minutes<br /> **Vegetables Pantry - 55 minutes.<br /> ***Chef Gaurav Malhotra, Nikki and Rajiv, since no pantry left.<br /> Prepare a dish with chosen pantry in their chosen pantry time. They also have access to all previously revealed pantries up to the one they selected.<br /> *'''Previous Challenge Winner Advantage:''' Faisal got access to all pantries.<br /> *'''Twist:''' If a professional chef’s dish wins, the contestant with the weakest dish will be eliminated.<br /> *'''Challenge Winner:''' Chef Gaurav and Nikki<br /> *'''Result:''' Since it was a tie, Chef Gaurav gave up his victory, resulting in no elimination.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 54<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 54<br /> | Title = Two-Course Signature Meal Challenge - Grand Finale<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|10}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *'''Grand Finale Challenge:''' Chef [[Sanjeev Kapoor]] challenged finalists to prepare their signature 2-course meal in 180 minutes.<br /> **Finalists have to present their first meal after 120 minutes.<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 55<br /> | EpisodeNumber2 = 55<br /> | Title = Two-Course Signature Meal Challenge - Grand Finale - Part 2<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|4|11}}<br /> | ShortSummary = *Following the second meal tasting judges announced the results.<br /> **'''Eliminated:''' Faisal Shaikh and Rajiv Adati<br /> **'''Second Runner Up:''' Tejasswi Prakash<br /> **'''First Runner Up:''' Nikki Tamboli<br /> **'''Winner: ''' Gaurav Khanna<br /> ***Gaurav received 20 lakh cash prize from [[Sony Entertainment Television]].<br /> | LineColor = #F9AB21<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Ratings ==<br /> The show had an average TRP rating of 0.5 and underperformed overall. However, it maintained the third position in the channel’s ratings and performed well digitally on [[Sony LIV]] app.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-02-06 |title=TRP Race Week 4: Laughter Chefs 2 Makes Grand Opening In Top 10 BEATS Celebrity Master Chefs |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv/trp-race-week-4-laughter-chefs-2-makes-grand-opening-in-top-10-beats-celebrity-master-chefs-article-117980221 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/celebrity-masterchef-1790006208 ''Celebrity MasterChef''] on [[SonyLIV]]<br /> {{MasterChef}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:MasterChef India]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian game shows]]<br /> [[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Indian cooking television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television series based on British television series]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khatikyana_(Jhansi)&diff=509659 2026-02-05T04:30:57Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting basic article initial version - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Khatikyana (Jhansi)<br /> | settlement_type = Area <br /> | pushpin_map = Uttar Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|25.463898|N|78.582885|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh, India|Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Jhansi district|Jhansi]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Tehsil<br /> | government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]<br /> | governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]<br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | elevation_m = 620<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_total = 25,000<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_note = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] 1000/992 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | area_code_type = Telephone<br /> | blank1_name_sec2 = Post office<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Khatikyana''' is a village in [[Jhansi district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bundelkhandnews.com/news_detail.php?id=3143|title=घर की चैखट पर 13 वर्षीय इकलौते बेटे ने फांसी लगाकर की आत्महत्या|website=bundelkhandnews.com|access-date=2019-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/datia-datia-news-1500999|title=पटाखा चलाने पर हुआ विवाद एक घायल|date=2018-01-12|website=Nai Dunia|access-date=2019-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Popular in India for Khatikyane ki Kaali Maata. It is just 1.7 kilometers from [[Jhansi Fort|Jhansi fort]] and 4.6 kilometers from Jhansi railway junction.<br /> <br /> == Temples &amp; events ==<br /> Khatikyana is famous for Khatikyane Ki Kaali Maata and &quot;The Kaali Visarjan Mahotsav&quot; celebrated by [[Khatik|Hindu Khatik people]], which organised by &quot;Sri Sri 1008 Mahakali Utsav Samiti, Khatik Samaj&quot; every year on the occasion of Hindu festival [[Vijayadashami|Dussehra]] where lacs of people come across India to watch and celebrate the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=atul gupta|title=Jhansi ki Khatikyana ki Kali Ma|date=2014-10-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyOca0Xj4O4&amp;feature=youtu.be|access-date=2019-07-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Jhansi district]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brinda_Master&diff=492392 2026-02-04T08:21:07Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian choreographer and filmmaker}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{infobox person<br /> | name = Brinda Master<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | alt = <br /> | birth_name = Brinda Gopal<br /> | birth_place = [[Erode, Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | occupation = {{hlist|Choreographer|director}}<br /> | years_active = 1987–present<br /> | children = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | relatives = {{plainlist|<br /> * [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]] (sister)<br /> * [[Raghuram]] (brother-in-law)<br /> * [[Gayathri Raguram]] (niece)<br /> * [[Prasanna Sujit]] (nephew)<br /> *[[Keerthi Shanthanu]] (niece)}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Brinda Gopal''', known professionally as '''Brinda Master''', is an Indian dance [[choreographer]] and [[Film director|director]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 September 2022 |title='Thugs' first look promises a raw and violent film from Brinda Gopal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thugs-first-look-promises-a-raw-and-violent-film-from-brinda-gopal/articleshow/94047650.cms |access-date=5 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111164953/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/thugs-first-look-promises-a-raw-and-violent-film-from-brinda-gopal/articleshow/94047650.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; who primarily works in [[South Indian cinema]]. She has choreographed dance sequences for various Indian films. She has won one [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]],&lt;ref name=&quot;46thawardPDF&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf |title=46th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=12 March 2012 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310180429/http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer]], twice and [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]], four times.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamilnadu State Awards 2007 &amp; 2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=stateawards.txttm |title=amilnadu State Awards 2007 &amp; 2008 |publisher=[[Dinakaran]] |access-date=30 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225018/http://www.tamilnaduentertainment.com/tamil.asp?hotclick=stateawards.txttm |archive-date=2 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Brinda Gopal was born into a family of seven girls to Mani Iyer, a caterer, and a homemaker in Erode.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thehindu.com/mp/2005/10/29/stories/2005102900080400.htm]{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; An elder sister Jayanthi, first started dancing and acted as heroine in two films – ''[[Uthiripookkal]]'' and ''Poottatha Pookkal''. Brindha's second sister Girija, learned Bharatanatyam at Kalakshetra; and went to work with choreographers Thangam and later [[Raghuram|Raghuram Master]], whom she married later, and also become an independent choreographer. [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]], a leading choreographer, is her elder sister.&lt;ref&gt;Ethiraj, Gopal. (21 September 2009) [http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2009/09/21/sunday-celebritykala-master-she-%E2%80%98sagala-kala-vallavi%E2%80%99 Sunday celebrity:Kala Master: she is 'sagala Kala vallavi'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703144856/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2009/09/21/sunday-celebritykala-master-she-%E2%80%98sagala-kala-vallavi%E2%80%99 |date=3 July 2013 }}. Asian Tribune. Retrieved 2013-11-30.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-01/07-07-06-sneha.html Tamil movies : Dancing sisters' war dance against Sneha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306082921/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/july-06-01/07-07-06-sneha.html |date=6 March 2013 }}. Behindwoods.com (7 July 2006). Retrieved 2013-11-30.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of her nephews, [[Prasanna Sujit]], is also a film choreographer. One of her niece [[Gayathri Raguram|Gayathri Raghuram]], daughter of late Raghuram Master and her sister Girija is also a choreographer and an actress. She has also introduced her another niece Keerthi, daughter of Jayanthi Master and wife of actor [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj|Shanthanu Baghyaraj]], as an anchor in her dance reality show ''[[Maanada Mayilada]]''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090306184645/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/10/27/stories/2008102750540300.htm Metro Plus Kochi / People : She makes them dance to her tunes]. The Hindu (27 October 2008). Retrieved 2013-11-30.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Through the Bollywood film ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'' she started her career as an assistant choreographer in 1987.She became independent choreographer with the 2000 Tamil film ''[[Mugavaree]]'' which features [[Ajith Kumar]] and [[Jyothika]] in lead roles. She was awarded the '[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer]] by the state government at [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] in 2000 for her work for that film.<br /> <br /> ==Selected filmography==<br /> <br /> {{Pending films key}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+As choreographer<br /> !Years<br /> ! Title<br /> !Language<br /> !Notes<br /> ! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> |1987<br /> | ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'' <br /> |[[Hindi]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Assistant choreographer||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1988<br /> |''[[Aakhari Poratam]]'' <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Janaki Ramudu]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |1989<br /> | ''[[Prem Pratigyaa]]'' <br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hindi||<br /> |-<br /> |1991<br /> | ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |1993<br /> | ''[[Jaagruti]]'' ||<br /> |-<br /> |1997<br /> |''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]''<br /> |[[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1997<br /> |''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''<br /> |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |1998<br /> |''[[Daya (film)|Daya]]''<br /> |[[Malayalam]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|1999<br /> |''[[Naanu Nanna Hendthiru]]'' <br /> |[[Kannada]]<br /> |<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/DB9EEFAFC171129E65256940004C8A57?OpenDocument |title=Naanu Nanna Hendtheeru |work=[[The Hindu]] |via=csc.archive.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609093946/http://www.cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/DB9EEFAFC171129E65256940004C8A57?OpenDocument |archive-date=9 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Minsara Kanna]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2000<br /> |''[[Mugavaree]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2003<br /> | ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2004<br /> | ''[[Madurey]]'' <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2005<br /> |''[[Chandramukhi]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Udayananu Tharam]]''<br /> |Malayalam<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006<br /> |''[[Aathi]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2007<br /> |''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Vinodayathra]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Malayalam<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2008<br /> |''[[Calcutta News (film)|Calcutta News]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Dasavathaaram]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Tamil<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Vaaranam Aayiram]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011<br /> | ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Velayudham]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2013<br /> | ''[[Kadal (2013 film)|Kadal]]'' <br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Thalaivaa]]''<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Bullett Raja]]'' <br /> |Hindi<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014<br /> |''[[Maan Karate]]'' <br /> |Tamil<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[PK (film)|PK]]'' <br /> |Hindi<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2015<br /> |''[[Kaaki Sattai]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Tamil<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016<br /> |''[[Rajinimurugan]]'' <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Remo (film)|Remo]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2017<br /> |''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018<br /> |''[[Kaala (2018 film)|Kaala]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2019<br /> |''[[Nerkonda Paarvai]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |2020<br /> |''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2021<br /> |''[[Sulthan (2021 film)|Sulthan]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea]]''<br /> |Malayalam<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Annaatthe]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Tamil<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022<br /> | ''[[Don (2022 film)|Don]]''<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: I]]''<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> | ''[[Ponniyin Selvan: II]]''<br /> | ||<br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |[[Thug Life (2025 film)|''Thug Life'']]<br /> |Co-choreographer<br /> |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-05-23 |title=Trisha Krishnan Preps For A Dance Sequence In Mani Ratnam's Thug Life, Calls It 'Gruelling' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/trisha-rehearses-for-a-dance-sequence-for-thug-life-article-110347419 |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |2026<br /> |[[Nari Nari Naduma Murari (2026 film)|''Nari Nari Naduma Murari'']]<br /> |Telugu<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+As Actress <br /> !Year <br /> !Title<br /> !Role<br /> |-<br /> |1994<br /> |''[[Nammavar]]''<br /> |Nirmala<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+As director<br /> !Year<br /> !Title<br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |''[[Hey Sinamika]]''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Also choreographer<br /> |-<br /> |2023<br /> |''[[Thugs (film)|Thugs]]''<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Music Video<br /> !Years<br /> !Songs<br /> !Works <br /> !Notes<br /> |-<br /> |2022<br /> |&quot;Gandhari&quot;<br /> |Director &amp; Choreographer<br /> |Music Video <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Awards and honours==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> ! Year <br /> ! Award category <br /> ! Winner<br /> ! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> | 1997 || [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South]]|| ''[[Preminchukundam Raa]]''||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/august98/south2a.htm |title=Filmfare - South Special |website=filmfare.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991110064329/http://www.filmfare.com/site/august98/south2a.htm |archive-date=10 November 1999 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |1998 || [[National Film Award for Best Choreography]] ||''[[Daya (film)|Daya]]'' ||&lt;ref name=&quot;46thawardPDF&quot;/&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | 2000 || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer]] ||''[[Mugavaree]]'' || &lt;ref name=&quot;indiaglitz.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041024060415/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/10733.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2004 |title=Tamil Nadu announces film awards for three years |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=19 October 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | 2003 || [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South]]||''[[Kaaka Kaaka|Kaakha Kaakha]]''||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html |title=Pithamagan sweeps FilmFare Awards – Tamil Movie News |website=IndiaGlitz |date=5 June 2004 |access-date=3 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102112834/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/9366.html |archive-date=2 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- <br /> | 2005 || [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography]] ||''[[Udayananu Tharam]]'' ||<br /> |- <br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2007 || Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer || ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]''||&lt;ref name=&quot;Tamilnadu State Awards 2007 &amp; 2008&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography ||''[[Vinodayathra]]''||<br /> |- <br /> | 2008 || Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography ||''[[Calcutta News (film)|Calcutta News]]''||<br /> |- <br /> | 2017 || [[Vijay Award for Best Choreographer]] ||''[[Kaatru Veliyidai]]''||<br /> |-<br /> | 2021 || Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography ||''[[Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham]]''||&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=50th Kerala State Film Awards: Winners list |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-winners-list-6723151/ |access-date=13 October 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 October 2020 |archive-date=15 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201015195910/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/50th-kerala-state-film-awards-winners-list-6723151/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Indian women in dance]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|1247482}}<br /> {{Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Master, Brinda}}<br /> [[Category:Indian film choreographers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women choreographers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian female dancers]]<br /> [[Category:Dancers from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Indian choreographers]]<br /> [[Category:Best Choreography National Film Award winners]]<br /> [[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purbasthali_II&diff=547586 2026-02-03T07:03:36Z

<p>Commercial Noida: added lead also and corrected details based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox settlement<br /> |official_name = Purbasthali II<br /> |other_name =<br /> |native_name = <br /> |native_name_lang = <br /> |nickname = <br /> |settlement_type = Community development block<br /> |motto =<br /> |image_skyline =<br /> |imagesize = <br /> |image_caption = <br /> |image_flag = <br /> |flag_size =<br /> |image_seal = <br /> |seal_size =<br /> |image_map = File:Purbasthali-II in Purba Bardhaman (West Bengal).svg<br /> |mapsize = <br /> |map_caption = Location in West Bengal<br /> |pushpin_map = <br /> |pushpin_label_position =left<br /> |pushpin_mapsize=<br /> |pushpin_map_caption =<br /> |subdivision_type = Country<br /> |subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> |subdivision_type1 = [[States of India|State]] <br /> |subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> |subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of India|District]]<br /> |subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]<br /> |subdivision_type3 = Parliamentary constituency<br /> |subdivision_name3 = [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]<br /> |subdivision_type4 = Assembly constituency<br /> |subdivision_name4 = [[Purbasthali Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Purbasthali Uttar]]<br /> |leader_title =<br /> |leader_name =<br /> |established_title = <br /> |established_date = <br /> |area_magnitude = <br /> |unit_pref = Imperial <br /> |area_footnotes =<br /> |area_total_km2 = 192.47<br /> |area_land_km2 = <br /> |population_as_of = 2011<br /> |population_footnotes =<br /> |population_note =<br /> |population_total = 212,355<br /> |population_density_km2 = auto<br /> |timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] <br /> |utc_offset = +5.30<br /> |coordinates = {{coord|23|33|N|88|15|E|display=inline}}<br /> |elevation_footnotes = <br /> |elevation_m = <br /> |elevation_ft = <br /> |postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> |postal_code = 713512 (Patuli)<br /> |area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code<br /> |area_code = 03474 <br /> |registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-37,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-38,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-41,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-42,[[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-44 <br /> |blank_name = Literacy Rate<br /> |blank_info = 70.35 per cent<br /> |website = http://purbabardhaman.gov.in/<br /> |footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Purbasthali II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Kalna subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography== <br /> [[File:Map of purba bardhaman district.jpg|500px|thumb|left|CD blocks of Purba Bardhaman district]]<br /> <br /> Patuli, a constituent gram panchayat of Purbasthali II CD Block, is located at {{coord|23.55|N|88.25|E|format=dms|}}.<br /> <br /> Purbasthali II CD Block is part of the Bhagirathi basin. The [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] forms the eastern boundary of the CD Block. The region has many swamps and water-logged areas. The soil is fertile, as it consists mainly of silt deposits.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Physiography, pages 13-14| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Purbasthali II CD Block is bounded by [[Nakashipara (community development block)|Nakashipara]] CD Block, in Nadia district across the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]], on the north, [[Krishnanagar II]] and [[Nabadwip (community development block)|Nabadwip]] CD Blocks, in Nadia district across the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]], on the east, [[Purbasthali I]] CD Block on the south and [[Katwa II]] and [[Manteswar (community development block)|Manteswar]] CD Blocks on the west.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Tehsil Map of Barddhaman |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Purbasthali II CD Block has an area of 192.47&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 156 gram sansads (village councils), 89 [[mouza]]s and 88 inhabited villages. [[Nadanghat#Police station|Nadanghat]] and [[Purbasthali#Police station|Purbasthali]] police stations serve this block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt; Headquarters of this CD Block is at [[Patuli]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work= Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Gram panchayat]]s of Purbasthali II block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Jhawdanga, Kalekhantola I, Kalekhantola II, [[Majida]], Mertala, Mukshimpara, Nimdaha, Patuli, Pilla and [[Purbasthali]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Bardhaman - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> ===Population===<br /> As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Purbasthali II CD Block had a total population of 212,355, all of which were rural. There were 109,442 (52%) males and 102,913 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 23,091. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 55,456 (26.11%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 7,920 (3.73%).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 16 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As per 2001 census, Purbasthali II block had a total population of 188,149, out of which 97,024 were males and 91,125 were females. Purbasthali II block registered a population growth of 18.89 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web | url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Barddhaman District | access-date = 4 February 2017 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205026/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_9.htm|archive-date= 28 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|Scheduled castes]] at 55,528 formed around one-fourth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 6,459.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST(TRU1)9.htm |title=TRU for all Districts (SC &amp; ST and Total) |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040022/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/HouseListingF/SCST/All_distSCST(TRU1)9.htm |archive-date=2011-07-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Purbasthali II CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Purbasthali]] (4,207), Krishnabati (4,186), Chhatni (4,415), Uttar Shrirampur (4,187), [[Patuli]] (4,681), [[Majida]] (9,267), Uttar Lakshmipur (4,697), Sinhari (6,911), Ukhra (5,011), Nimdaha (6,873), Biswarambha (6,169), Hrishi (4,967), Falea (6,944), Kashthasali (4,343), Chupi (7,159), Palaspuli (4,642) and [[Parulia, Bardhaman|Parulia]] (6,447).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> Other villages in Purbasthali II CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Muksimpara (823), Mertala (3,046) and Jhauadanga (2,842).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy===<br /> As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Purbasthali II CD Block was 133,138 (70.35% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 73,913 (75.64% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 59,225 (64.70% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 10.94%.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> As per 2001 census, Purbasthali II block had a total literacy of 64.50 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 72.38 per cent female literacy was 56.07 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |title=Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 5, Bardhaman District |access-date= 4 February 2017 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928211117/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table5_9.htm |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Bardhaman district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Languages and religion===<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religion in Purbasthali II CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=<br /> |float=right<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|68.06}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|31.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.34}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 145,531 and formed 68.06% of the population in Purbasthali II CD Block. Muslims numbered 67,110 and formed 31.60% of the population. Christians numbered 275 and formed 0.13% of the population. Others numbered 439 and formed 0.21% of the population.&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Bardhaman district the percentage of Hindu population has been declining from 84.3% in 1961 to 77.9% in 2011 and the percentage of Muslim population has increased from 15.2% in 1961 to 20.7% in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = Census of Indiia 2011: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman | work= Table 9: Population by religion in Badhaman district (1961-2011), Page 50|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 27 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption = Languages of Purbasthali II CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 98.53 |color1 = orchid<br /> |label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 0.90 |color2 = darkturquoise<br /> |label3 = Others |value3 = 0.57 |color3 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> At the time of the 2011 census, 98.53% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 0.90% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rural poverty==<br /> As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families living [[Below Poverty Line (India)|below poverty line]] in 2005, [[rural poverty]] in Purbasthali II CD Block was 42.76%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman |work = Table 4.2: Empirical Measurement of Rural Poverty in Bardhaman 2005, page 94 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |archive-date = 14 August 2017 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> <br /> ===Livelihood===<br /> In Purbasthali II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 17.35%, agricultural labourers 44.48%, household industry workers 11.73% and other workers 26.44%.&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Purbasthali II CD Block is part of the area where agriculture dominates the scenario but the secondary and tertiary sectors have shown an increasing trend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |title = District Human Development Report: Bardhaman |work = Block/ Sub-division wise Variation in Occupational Distribution of Workers, page 47 |publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf |archive-date = 14 August 2017 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure===<br /> There are 88 inhabited villages in Purbasthali II CD block. All 88 villages (100%) have power supply. 87 villages (98.86%) have drinking water supply. 22 villages (25.00%) have post offices. 84 villages (94.45%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 43 villages (48.86%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 27 villages (30.68%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 21 villages (23.86%) have [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society| agricultural credit societies]]. 14 villages (15.91%) have banks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 102 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013-14, there were 92 fertiliser depots, 23 seed store and 51 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Agriculture===<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture&lt;br/&gt;in Purbasthali II CD Block'''<br /> |value1 = 3.95<br /> |label1 = Bargadars<br /> |value2 = 13.67<br /> |label2 = Patta holders<br /> |value3 = 5.73<br /> |label3 = Small farmers<br /> |value4 = 19.12<br /> |label4 = Marginal farmers<br /> |value5 = 57.53<br /> |label5= Agricultural labourers}}<br /> <br /> Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Purbasthali II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 3.95%, patta (document) holders 13.67%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 5.73%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 19.12% and agricultural labourers 57.53%.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2003-04 net cropped area in Purbasthali II CD Block was 15,558 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 10,890 hectares.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Bardhaman | work = Table 3.10, Gross Cropped Area, Net Cropped Area and Cropping Intensity of different blocks of Bardhaman district 2003-04, Page 53 | publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, May 2011 | access-date = 30 January 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814062640/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/District%20DEV%20Report.%20Burdwan%20%202012%20total%20Book%20Curve%20Red.pdf | archive-date = 14 August 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013-14, Purbasthali II CD Block produced 25,887 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 8,353 hectares, 1,354 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 485 hectares, 15,459 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 4,507 hectares, 139 tonnes of wheat from 45 hectares, 104,835 tonnes of jute from 4,985 hectares and 2,774 tonnes of potatoes from 258 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in Purbasthali II CD Block was 1,859.55 hectares, out of which 925.60 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation and 933.95 hectares by deep tube wells.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Banking===<br /> In 2013-14, Purbasthali II CD Block had offices of 6 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> {{Howrah-Bardhaman Main Line|collapse=y}}<br /> Purbasthali II CD Block has 7 ferry services and 8 originating/ terminating bus routes.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Howrah-Bardhaman main line|Bandel-Katwa branch line]] passes through this CD Block and there is the [[Purbasthali railway station]] at Purbasthali.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/howrah-katwa-local-37913/14611/581/1932 |title = 37913 Howrah-Katwa local |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo| access-date = 13 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)]] running from Rajnagar (in Birbhum district) to Alampur (in Howrah district) passes through this block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> In 2013-14, Purbasthali II CD Block had 121 primary schools with 11,084 students, 10 middle schools with 9,698 students, 11 high school with 8,132 students and 9 higher secondary schools with 12,214 students. Purbasthali II CD Block had 1 general college with 1,343 and 323 institutions for special and non-formal education with 14,057 students&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> As per the 2011 census, in Purbasthali II CD block, amongst the 88 inhabited villages, all villages had schools, 25 villages had two or more primary schools, 21 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Barddhaman, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1082, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> More than 6,000 schools (in erstwhile Bardhaman district) serve cooked [[Midday Meal Scheme|midday meal]] to more than 900,000 students.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://bardhaman.nic.in/middam/mdm.htm| title = Midday Meal – Burdwan, WB| publisher = District Authorities |access-date = 12 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Purbasthali College]] was established at [[Parulia, Bardhaman|Parulia]] in 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://purbasthalicollege.com/index.php |title = Purbasthali College | publisher= PC | access-date = 7 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> In 2014, Purbasthali II CD Block had 1 block primary health centre and 4 primary health centres with total 37 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 26 family welfare subcentres. 3,665 patients were treated indoor and 265,684 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> Purbasthali Rural Hospital at [[Purbasthali]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Purbasthali II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Kubajpur, PO Rai Dogachhia (with 4 beds), Nimdah, PO Belerhat (with 6 beds), [[Patuli]] (with 10 beds) and Singari, PO Laxmipur (with 10 beds).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 19 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Purbasthali II CD Block is one of the areas of Bardhaman district which is affected by high levels of arsenic contamination of ground water.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb7.htm | title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| access-date = 9 September 2011 | work = Bardhaman | publisher = SOES }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/blocks.htm District map showing blocks]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> {{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br /> {{Purba Bardhaman topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Purba Bardhaman district]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chandu_(director)&diff=493502 2026-02-02T23:31:59Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Added</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian film director, producer, screenwriter}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Chandu<br /> | image = Chandu film director.jpg<br /> | caption = Chandu at Prema Oka Maikam Audio Release Event<br /> | native_name = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | education =<br /> | occupation = Director<br /> | website = www.filmdirectorchandu.com<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Chandu''' (born '''Satti Chandra Sekhar Reddy''', 17 October 1975) is an [[Indian people|Indian]] film director who works in [[Telugu cinema]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Chandu started his career as an assistant director for [[V. V. Vinayak]]. In 2005, producer Shyam Prasad gave Chandu his first directing opportunity with [[SP Entertainments]]'s film ''[[10th Class]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;idlebrain.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-10thclass.html|title=10th class - audio function - Telugu Cinema - Bharat &amp; Saranya|website=www.idlebrain.com|accessdate=2 April 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228140855/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-10thclass.html|archivedate=28 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was released in 2006 and was a success at the box office. Later, in 2007, his second directorial venture was the film ''Note Book'', which was a failure. He launched the career of Rajeev (son of composer [[Koti (composer)|Koti]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/muhurat-vesaviselavullo.html|title=Muhurat of Vesavi Selavullo - Telugu cinema function - Chandu|website=www.idlebrain.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, Chandu wrote and directed ''[[Prema Oka Maikam]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/my-film-about-love-story-of-prostitute-telugu-director_38337|title=My film about love story of prostitute: Telugu director|website=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=India Forums}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ;As director<br /> * ''[[10th Class]]'' (2006)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-10thclass.html|title=10th Class press meet - Telugu Cinema - Gowtam &amp; saranya|website=www.idlebrain.com|accessdate=2 April 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924062241/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet-10thclass.html|archivedate=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Note Book'' (2007)<br /> * ''[[Prema Oka Maikam]]'' (2013)<br /> * ''Vesavi Selavullo '' (2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2008/Dec/15/chandus-vesavi-selavullo%E2%80%A6-10732.html|title=Chandu’s ‘Vesavi Selavullo…’|date=15 December 2008|website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * ''Vakalat '' (2023) <br /> <br /> ;As assistant director<br /> * ''[[Kalyana Ramudu]]'' (2003)<br /> * ''[[Samba (2004 film)|Samba]]'' (2004)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Chandu (film director}}<br /> [[Category:1975 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Film directors from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Film people from East Godavari district]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishk_Par_Zor_Nahi&diff=466594 2026-01-19T21:37:37Z

<p>Commercial Noida: minor cleanup</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian television drama series}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Ishk Par Zor Nahi.jpg<br /> | caption = <br /> | genre = [[Drama]]<br /> | creator = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]<br /> | based_on = <br /> | writer = Divy Nidhi Sharma (Dialogues &amp; Lyrics) &lt;br /&gt; Aparajita Sharma (Dialogues)<br /> | story = Sudhir Singh &lt;br /&gt; Harneet Singh &lt;br /&gt; Nikita Dhond<br /> | screenplay = Sudhir Singh &lt;br /&gt; Harneet Singh &lt;br /&gt; Shubham Sharma<br /> | director = Lalit Mohan<br /> | cinematography = Raju Gauli<br /> | starring = [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Akshita Mudgal]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Shagun Sharma]]<br /> | creative_director = Nidhi Jha<br /> | open_theme = Tapas Relia<br /> | end_theme = Tapas Relia<br /> | theme_music_composer = Tapas Relia<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = 115<br /> | executive_producer = Dipti Kalwani<br /> | producer = [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]]&lt;br /&gt;Karishma Jain<br /> | editor = Shashank H. Singh &lt;br /&gt; Krishna mahto<br /> | location = [[Mumbai]], [[South Delhi]], [[Diu, India|Diu]]<br /> | camera = [[Multi-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22–25 minutes<br /> | company = [[4 Lions Films]]<br /> | network = [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2021|03|15|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2021|08|20|df=yes}}<br /> | image_alt = <br /> | related = <br /> | released = <br /> }}<br /> '''{{Lang|hi-latn|Ishk Par Zor Nahi}}''' ({{Translation|''No control on love''}}) is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language television drama series. It premiered from 15 March 2021 to 20 August 2021 on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]. It is produced by [[Gul Khan (producer)|Gul Khan]] and Karishma Jain under [[4 Lions Films]], it stars [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] and [[Akshita Mudgal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:pa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/sadda-haq-actor-param-singh-back-with-new-tv-show-ishk-par-zor-nahi-1773965-2021-02-28|title=Sadda Haq actor Param Singh back with new TV show Ishk Par Zor Nahi|first=|last=|date=28 February 2021|website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/of-conflicting-ideologies-221371|title=Param Singh to play lead in Ishk Par Zor Nahi|first= |last=|website=The Tribune}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/akshita-mudgal-to-play-the-female-lead-on-sony-tvs-new-show-ishk-par-zor-nahi-222907|title=Akshita Mudgal to play the female lead on Sony TV's new show Ishk Par Zor Nahi|website=The Tribune|access-date=18 March 2021|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527213523/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/akshita-mudgal-to-play-the-female-lead-on-sony-tvs-new-show-ishk-par-zor-nahi-222907|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Exclusive! Ishk Par Zor Nahi goes off air, confirms lead actor Param Singh - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-ishk-par-zor-nahi-goes-off-air-confirms-lead-actor-param-singh/articleshow/84409748.cms|access-date=2021-08-05|website=The Times of India|date=14 July 2021 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> &quot;Ishk Par Zor Nahi&quot; is a popular television serial known for its intricate portrayal of relationships and complex family dynamics. The story revolves around Ahaan Veer Malhotra, a no-nonsense businessman who holds family values and ethics dear to his heart. In contrast, Ishqi is a young woman who ardently believes in love and encourages others to embrace it.<br /> <br /> Their paths collide when Ishqi seeks a ride from Ahaan but gets ejected from his car when he discovers her role in helping a couple elope. In a surprising twist, Ishqi retaliates by stealing Ahaan's car, leading to charges pressed against her and the loss of her job.<br /> <br /> Ishqi's destiny takes an unexpected turn as she is set to marry Mayank Kapoor, Ahaan's best friend. However, their relationship is a ruse aimed at making Ahaan's younger sister, Sonu, jealous, who is engaged to Raj Rathore. A dark family secret looms over the narrative – the disappearance of Ahaan's mother, Savitri, who Ahaan resents for abandoning the family. It is later revealed that Savitri was wrongly confined to a mental asylum due to Ahaan's grandmother's actions.<br /> <br /> The series concludes on a positive note with Sonu's pregnancy and Ishqi and Ahaan, or 'Ishqaan,' remarrying, promising a happier future. &quot;Ishk Par Zor Nahi&quot; explores themes of love, betrayal, and the complexities of family relationships, leaving viewers captivated by its dramatic and emotional storyline.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> *[[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] as Ahaan Veer Malhotra: Veer and Savitri's elder son; Sonu's elder brother. Kartik's cousin; Ishqi's husband.(2021)<br /> *[[Akshita Mudgal]] as Ishqi Malhotra: Sudha's niece; Ahaan's wife (2021)<br /> *[[Shagun Sharma]] as Sonali &quot;Sonu&quot; Malhotra Rathore: Veer and Savitri's daughter; Ahaan's younger sister, Kartik's cousin. Sarla's daughter-in-law Raj's wife (2021)<br /> *Lakshya Handa as Raj Rathore: Sarla's son; Sonu's husband (2021)<br /> *Rajat Verma as Kartik Malhotra: Ritu and Ved's son; Ahaan and Sonu's cousin. (2021)<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> *[[Neha Rana]] as Rhea Mehta: Viren and Radhika's daughter; Ahaan's ex-fiancée (2021)<br /> *Aakash Gupta as Mayank Kapoor: Shekhar and Suman's son; Ishqi's ex-fiancé (2021)<br /> *Shekhar Gill replaced Gupta as Mayank (2021)<br /> *[[Abha Parmar]] as Durga Devi &quot;Dadi&quot; Malhotra: Veer and Ved's mother; Ahaan, Kartik and Sonu's grandmother (2021)<br /> *Mamta Verma as Ritu Malhotra: Ved's wife; Kartik's mom; Ahaan and Sonu's aunt (2021)<br /> *Kapil Soni as Ved Malhotra, Veer's brother; Ritu's husband; Kartik's father; Ahaan and Sonu's uncle (2021)<br /> *Jaswinder Gardner as Savitri Malhotra: Veer's second widow; Sakshi's sister; Ahaan's foster mother; Sonu's mother (2021)<br /> *Kimmy Kaur as Sudha Maasi, Ishqi's maternal aunt (2021)<br /> *Beena Maljie as Sarla Rathore, Raj's mother (2021)<br /> *Arundhati Bandho padhyay as Ginni, Sarla's best friend (2021)<br /> *Preety Arora Sharma as Suman Kapoor, Mayank's mother (2021)<br /> *Jai Singh as Viren Mehta, Rhea's father (2021)<br /> *Hetal Yadav as Radhika Mehta, Rhea's mother (2021)<br /> *Anup Ingale as Bhola, the Malhotras' housekeeper(2021)<br /> *Rajiv Kumar as Suraj: an advocate, Veer's ex-friend(2021)<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> === Development ===<br /> The show was in pre-production for a long time. [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] signed this show in July 2020, when the production house approached him.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Baddhan|first=Raj|date=2020-08-17|title=Exclusive: Param Singh set to return with Gul Khan's new show on Sony TV|url=http://www.bizasialive.com/param-singh-set-to-return-with-gul-khans-new-show-on-sony-tv/|access-date=2021-07-29|website=BizAsia {{!}} Media, Entertainment, Showbiz, Brit, Events and Music|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Casting for Ishqi's character took a long time and finally [[Akshita Mudgal]] signed as Ishqi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=Ishk Par Zor Nahi |date=2021-03-15 |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14137392/ |type=Drama |access-date=2023-10-24 |others=Param Singh, Akshita Mudgal, Lakshya Handa |publisher=4 Lions Films}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The pandemic's second wave delayed the shoot in mid-April 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2021-04-13|title=Maharashtra government halts all film, TV shoots|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/maharashtra-government-halts-all-film-tv-shoots-11618337627775.html|access-date=2021-07-29|website=mint|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maharashtra puts films, TV shoots on hold amid surge in COVID cases, film bodies to approach CM|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/maharashtra-puts-films-tv-shoots-on-hold-amid-surge-in-covid-cases-film-bodies-to-approach-cm/2064311|access-date=2021-07-29|website=Outlook India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The cast and crew relocated to [[Diu, India|Daman and Diu]]. They came back and resumed shooting in Mumbai in the start of July 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Film and TV industry in Mumbai allowed to shoot till 5 pm in bio bubble|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/mumbai/2021/jun/08/film-and-tv-industry-in-mumbai-allowed-to-shoot-till-5-pm-in-bio-bubble-2313358.html|access-date=2021-07-29|website=The New Indian Express|date=8 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Release===<br /> The first promo of the series was released on 28 February 2021 featuring [[Param Singh (actor)|Param Singh]] and [[Akshita Mudgal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8NPxPsuSxE|title=Ishk Par Zor Nahi &amp;#124; New Show &amp;#124; Starts 15th March &amp;#124; Monday - Friday At 9:30 PM &amp;#124; Promo - YouTube|website=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|14137392}}<br /> * [https://www.setindia.com/in-en/shows/ishk-par-zor-nahi/79 {{Lang|hi-latn|Ishk Par Zor Nahi}}] on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]]<br /> * [https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ishk-par-zor-nahi-1700000700 {{Lang|hi-latn|Ishk Par Zor Nahi}}] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717174958/https://www.sonyliv.com/shows/ishk-par-zor-nahi-1700000700 |date=17 July 2021 }} on [[SonyLIV]]<br /> <br /> {{Sony Entertainment Television India Shows|state=collapsed}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Indian television soap operas]]<br /> [[Category:Sony Entertainment Television original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Indian television series debuts]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajnarayan_Mishra&diff=528756 2025-12-27T16:01:10Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Rajnarayan Mishra<br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = [[Bhikhampur, Lakhimpur Kheri]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br /> | death_date = <br /> | death_place = <br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | movement = [[Indian Independence movement]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajnarayan Mishra''' was an Indian socialist and freedom fighter of [[Indian Independence movement]]. Hanged on 9 December 1944, he was one of the last Indian independence fighters to be executed by British colonial authorities. The [[East India Company]] built [[Willoughby Memorial Hall]] in 1924 in memory of [[Sir Robert William Douglas Willoughby]], Deputy Commissioner of Kheri who was killed on 26 August 1920.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Haileybury Roll of Honour: India 1920s|url=http://www.haileybury.com/honour/INDIA%201920s.htm|work=Haileybury School website|accessdate=19 June 2013|archive-date=12 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112121434/http://www.haileybury.com/honour/INDIA%201920s.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The colonial authorities apprehended independence activists [[Naseeruddin Mauzi Nagar]] and Rajnarayan Mishra on charges of shooting the Deputy Commissioner, and sentenced them to death by hanging.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2004/october/aiala_up.htm |title=AIALA State Conference in UP |accessdate=2013-07-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112120134/http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2004/october/aiala_up.htm |archivedate=12 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; On 26 April 1936, Willoughby Memorial Library was established. The Willoughby Memorial Hall was recently renamed the [[Naseeruddin Memorial Hall]].{{fact|date=July 2022}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Rajnarayan}}<br /> [[Category:People from Lakhimpur Kheri]]<br /> [[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]<br /> [[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]<br /> [[Category:Executed Indian people]]<br /> [[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]<br /> [[Category:People executed for murdering police officers]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indra_Sinha&diff=455356 2025-12-22T10:28:27Z

<p>Commercial Noida: small fixed references for clarity also based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use British English|date=August 2011}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}<br /> {{Short description|British writer (born 1950)}}<br /> [[File:Indra Sinha Portrait.jpg|thumb|right|Indra Sinha in his garden in France, March 2007]]<br /> <br /> '''Indra Sinha''' (born 1950 in [[Colaba]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India) is a British writer of Indian and English descent.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProfileTheGuardian&quot;/&gt; ''[[Animal's People]]'', his most recent novel, was shortlisted for the 2007 [[Man Booker Prize]]&lt;ref name=&quot;BookerNewcomersBBC&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FullBookerLonglist&quot; /&gt; and winner of the 2008 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] for Europe and South Asia.<br /> <br /> In July 2015, Sinha was awarded an honorary [[Doctor of Letters|Doctorate in Literature]] by the [[University of Brighton]] for &quot;his major contribution to literature and demonstrating the power of words in changing people’s lives&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.brighton.ac.uk/about-us/news-and-events/news/2015/07-29-the-man-whose-words-changed-lives.aspx |title= The man whose words changed lives |date= 29 July 2015 |publisher= [[University of Brighton]] |access-date= 5 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> <br /> Sinha is the son of an officer in the [[Indian Navy]] and an English writer.&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBio&quot;/&gt; He was educated at [[Mayo College]], [[Ajmer]], Rajasthan in India; [[Oakham School]], Rutland, England and [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]] in England, where he studied [[English literature]]. His wife and he live in the [[Lot (department)|Lot valley]] in south-west France.&lt;ref name=Moss/&gt; They have three grown-up children.<br /> <br /> Formerly a [[Copywriting|copywriter]] for [[Ogilvy &amp; Mather]], London,&lt;ref name=&quot;OgilvyMather&quot;/&gt; and, from 1984, [[Collett Dickenson Pearce]] &amp; Partners,&lt;ref name=&quot;CollettDickensonPearce&quot;/&gt; Sinha has the distinction of having been voted one of the top ten British copywriters of all time.&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot; /&gt; He became known for hard-hitting, campaigning advertising for charities such as [[Amnesty International]] and the Bhopal Medical Appeal,&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; but became increasingly disenchanted with commercial advertising.&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; In 1995, Sinha resigned from the agency to concentrate on writing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Moss&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Books==<br /> ''[[Animal's People]]'', set in the fictional Indian city of Khaufpur, was a reworking of the [[Bhopal disaster]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RoyBusinessStandard&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ThwaiteInterview&quot; /&gt; based on Sinha's long association working with the Bhopal survivors. His earlier works include [[translation]]s of ancient [[Sanskrit]] texts into English,&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBioLibraryWestAus&quot;/&gt; a non-fiction [[memoir]] of the pre-[[Generation Z|internet generation]] ''(The Cybergypsies),''&lt;ref name=&quot;DecadeNewsBBC&quot; /&gt; and a novel, ''The Death of Mr. Love'', based on the case of [[K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra]].&lt;ref&gt;[[KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Quotation|text=&quot;I was invited by a publisher to write the text for ''Tantra.''&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; Having done some research, what fascinated me was the evidence that many '[[Tantrism|tantric]]' ideas actually came to India from the [[Mediterranean Basin|Mediterranean]]. It is rather a dry read and debunks reports of orgies and sexual mischief – sorry to disappoint.&quot;|author=Indra Sinha|source=Interview. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; }}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> <br /> * 1980. ''The Love Teachings of Kama Sutra:&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaKamaSutra&quot;/&gt; With extracts from Koka Shastra, [[Ananga Ranga]] and other famous Indian works on love.'' Translations from [[Sanskrit]] and commentary. London: [[Hamlyn (publishers)|Hamlyn]]. Hardcover first edition: &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-600-34158-5}}.&lt;/small&gt; First North American edition 1997, New York: Marlowe &amp; Co. Paperback: &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|1-56924-779-X}}.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * 1993. ''Tantra: The Search for Ecstasy''&lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBooks&quot;/&gt; (also known with the subtitle &quot;The Cult of Ecstasy&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; London: Hamlyn. &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-600-57699-X}}.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * 1993. ''The Great Book of Tantra: Translations and Images from the Classic Indian Text.'' Rochester: [[Inner Traditions - Bear &amp; Company]]. &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-89281-487-X}}.&lt;/small&gt; London: Hamlyn paperback edition: &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-600-59998-1}}.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * 1999. ''The Cybergypsies: a True Tale of Lust, War, and Betrayal on the Electronic Frontier.''&lt;ref name=&quot;DecadeNewsBBC&quot;/&gt; New York: [[Viking Press]], hardcover first edition. &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-670-88630-0}}.&lt;/small&gt; New York: [[Simon &amp; Schuster]] paperback edition: &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-684-81929-5}}.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> * 2002. ''The Death of Mr Love.''&lt;ref name=&quot;ShamailaKhanInterviewBBC&quot;/&gt; New York: [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] (Simon &amp; Schuster). &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-7432-0698-3}}.&lt;/small&gt; (See also: [[K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra]].)<br /> * 2007. ''[[Animal's People]].''&lt;ref name=&quot;RoyBusinessStandard&quot;/&gt; New York: Simon &amp; Schuster. &lt;small&gt;{{ISBN|0-7432-5920-3}}.&lt;/small&gt; (See also: [[Bhopal disaster]].)<br /> <br /> ==Bhopal==<br /> Sinha has been a passionate campaigner for justice for the victims of the Bhopal disaster since 1993,&lt;ref name=Moss/&gt; when he created the first advertisement for the Bhopal Medical Appeal (using the now-famous photograph by [[Raghu Rai]] of a dead child being buried)&lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;/&gt; that raised money to build a clinic to provide free treatment for the survivors.&lt;ref name=Moss/&gt; He is an outspoken critic of [[Dow Chemical Company]], the multinational owner of [[Union Carbide]], whose neglected, dilapidated and undermanned chemical plant in the city of [[Bhopal]] leaked 27 tonnes of poisonous gas on the night of 3 December 1984, killing up to 8,000 people and injuring upwards of half a million. Around 22,000 people have died as a result of injuries sustained on &quot;that night&quot;, and more than 100,000 remain chronically ill; the abandoned, derelict factory continues to leach toxic chemicals into the groundwater, poisoning wells.&lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalAbandonedGuardian&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Apart from his novel, ''Animal's People'' (a fictionalised account of the aftermath of the disaster), Sinha has given many interviews and written several articles on the subject,&lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalWhyGuardian&quot;/&gt; including one in ''The Guardian'' marking the 25th anniversary of the disaster, in which he roundly condemns local politicians (particularly [[Babulal Gaur]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]) for their failure to comply with a 2004 [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] ruling ordering them to supply clean water to the poison victims.&lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalYearsGuardian&quot;/&gt; Nor does he absolve the [[Government of India|Indian Government]] of blame.<br /> <br /> {{Quotation|text=&quot;Dow has been trying to twist the arm of [[Manmohan Singh]]'s [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] government into letting it off the Bhopal hook in return for a billion-dollar investment in India.&quot;<br /> <br /> &quot;When people ask, 'Why is the disaster continuing? Why has the factory not been cleaned? Why have Union Carbide and Dow not faced justice?', the answer is this: Union Carbide's victims are still dying in Bhopal because India itself is dying under the corrupt and self-serving rule of rotten leaders.&quot;|author=Indra Sinha|title='Bhopal: 25 years of poison'|source=''The Guardian'', 3 December 2009&lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalYearsGuardian&quot;/&gt;}}<br /> <br /> As a former advertising copywriter, Sinha is particularly scathing about Dow Chemical Company's attempts to improve its image through its sponsorship of events such as the Blue Planet Run and [[Live Earth]] Run For Water. He has called Dow's &quot;Human Element&quot; advertising campaign &quot;glossy falsehoods&quot;, and quotes artist Paul Phare (who created a set of e-cards in response to Dow) &quot;Telling a lie beautifully does not make it true&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;DowGlimpse&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DowLie&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Indian writers]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;LindsayPereiraRediff&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url= http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/aug/22inter.htm |title= I feel strong contempt for Indian politicians |author=Lindsay Pereira |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date= 22 August 2007 |quote= Pick an advertising agency; any agency. Walk to where the copywriters congregate, and gently whisper the name 'Indra Sinha'. Then stand back and watch as feelings of inadequacy suddenly rush into the room. There is a perfectly logical explanation for the reaction. For decades now, Sinha has been making copywriters around the world feel inadequate and inspired in turns. Being voted one of the top ten British copywriters of all time tends to give one that kind of power ... Sinha's writing career has been intriguing. He began with a translation ''(Kama Sutra)'' and followed it with an explanation of the [[Tantra|Tantric tradition]] ''(Tantra: The Cult of Ecstasy),'' before winning acclaim with his rather frightening memoir on hours spent online in the early years of the Internet, ''The Cybergypsies''. His first novel, ''The Death of Mr Love,'' was based on [[K. M. Nanavati vs. State of Maharashtra|a real-life murder]], in Mumbai, where he was born.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;ProfileTheGuardian&quot;&gt;{{cite news| url=http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/indra_sinha/profile.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414231637/http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/indra_sinha/profile.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=14 April 2008 |title= Indra Sinha profile |work=The Guardian |location=UK | accessdate=28 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;BookerNewcomersBBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6935668.stm |title= McEwan battles Booker newcomers |work=BBC News |date= 7 August 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;FullBookerLonglist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6935716.stm |title= At-a-glance: a guide to the Booker longlist 2007 |work=BBC News |date= 8 August 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBio&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929074522/http://www.indrasinha.com/biography.html Biography on Indra Sinha's website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929074522/http://www.indrasinha.com/biography.html |date=29 September 2007 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;OgilvyMather&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224185340/http://indrasinha.com/2007/04/24/inventing-history/ ''Ogilvy'' Indra Sinha's website blog] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023214644/http://indrasinha.com/2007/04/24/inventing-history/ |date=23 October 2011 }}, accessed 21 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;CollettDickensonPearce&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120427033726/http://www.indrasinha.com/legacy/advertising.html Indra Sinha's website blog] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023214744/http://indrasinha.com/legacy/advertising.html |date=23 October 2011 }}, accessed 21 October 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=Moss&gt;{{cite news |last= Moss |first= Stephen |date= 26 September 2007 |title= Triumph from Tragedy |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/sep/26/fiction.bookerprize2007 |work= [[The Guardian]] |location= London |access-date= 5 July 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;RoyBusinessStandard&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage.php?autono=294389&amp;leftnm=5&amp;subLeft=0&amp;chkFlg= |title= Bhopal revisited: Animal's Story |author=Nilanjana S Roy |work=[[Business Standard]]|date= 14 August 2007 }} (This [[book review]] also discusses Sinha's book in the context of previous books about the [[Bhopal disaster]]: ''It Was Five Minutes Past Midnight'' (2001) by [[Dominique Lapierre]] and [[Javier Moro]]; ''A Breath of Fresh Air'' (2002) by [[Amulya Malladi]].)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;ThwaiteInterview&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.bookdepository.co.uk/interview/with/author/indra-sinha |title= Interview with Indra Sinha |author=Mark Thwaite |work=The Book Depository, [[Private company limited by shares|Ltd.]] [[Gloucester]] |year= 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBioLibraryWestAus&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/piaf/writers/rswriters.html |title= SINHA, Indra |work= State Library of Western Australia |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070818053646/http://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/piaf/writers/rswriters.html |archivedate= 18 August 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;DecadeNewsBBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/e-cyclopedia/295702.stm |title= Our decade: The 90s and cyberspace |work=[[BBC News]] E-cyclopedia |date= 13 March 1999 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaKamaSutra&quot;&gt;[http://www.indrasinha.com/kamasutra.html Common misconceptions about Kama Sutra.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929074510/http://www.indrasinha.com/kamasutra.html |date=29 September 2007 }} &quot;The Kama Sutra is neither a sex-manual nor, as also commonly believed, a sacred or religious work. It is certainly not a tantric text. In opening with a discussion of the three aims of ancient Hindu life – [[dharma]], [[artha]] and [[Kāma|kama]] – [[Vātsyāyana|Vatsyayana]]'s purpose is to set kama, or enjoyment of the senses, in context. Thus dharma or virtuous living is the highest aim, artha, the amassing of wealth is next, and kama is the least of the three&quot;. —Indra Sinha.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;SinhaBooks&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indrasinha.com/cybg-reviews/neilfrench.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070517112047/http://www.indrasinha.com/cybg-reviews/neilfrench.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 May 2007 |title=''Books'' on Indra Sinha's website |accessdate=1 June 2016}}.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;ShamailaKhanInterviewBBC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/communities/masti/2002/11/15/indra_sinha_interview.shtml |title= Indra Sinha Interview |author=Shamaila Khan |work=[[BBC Radio Manchester]] (includes audio link) |date= 15 November 2002 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalAbandonedGuardian&quot;&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/apr/09/abandonedtotheirfate Indra Sinha, &quot;Abandoned to their fate&quot;, ''The Guardian'', 9 April 2008], accessed 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalWhyGuardian&quot;&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/12/india Indra Sinha, &quot;Why I'm going on hunger strike for Bhopal&quot;, ''The Guardian'', 12 June 2008], accessed 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;BhopalYearsGuardian&quot;&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/04/bhopal-25-years-indra-sinha Indra Sinha, &quot;Bhopal: 25 years of poison&quot;, ''The Guardian'', 3 December 2009], accessed 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;DowGlimpse&quot;&gt;[http://www.bhopal.net/ecards/ Bhopal.net &quot;Behind the mask of Dow&quot; e.cards] accessed 5 December 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822172027/http://www.bhopal.net/ecards/ |date=22 August 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;DowLie&quot;&gt;[http://www.indrasinha.com/blog/?m=200703 ''A glimpse behind the mask of Dow'' Indra Sinha's website blog (cached)], accessed 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;/references&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/articles/120/article_6055.asp Interview] on [[Radio France Internationale]] (2 December 2009) to mark 25th anniversary of Bhopal disaster<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> {{portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sinha, Indra}}<br /> [[Category:1950 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century British novelists]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century British novelists]]<br /> [[Category:People educated at Oakham School]]<br /> [[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge]]<br /> [[Category:British writers of Indian descent]]<br /> [[Category:Indian copywriters]]<br /> [[Category:English-language Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male novelists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian people of English descent]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]<br /> [[Category:Mayo College alumni]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karna_Kadur&diff=508623 2025-12-17T05:56:22Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting the stub added tags - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian rally driver (born 1988)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox racing driver<br /> | name = Karna Kadur<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Karna Kadur<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|6|24}}<br /> | birth_place = Bengaluru, [[Karnataka]], India<br /> | nationality = Indian<br /> | updated = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Karna Kadur''' (born 24 June 1988) is an [[Indian National Rally Championship|Indian National Rally]] driver from [[Karnataka]]. He began with National racing series and also achieved immense success in Indian [[rallying]] with seven National rally titles in different classes. He won three Overall [[National Rally Championship]] victories 2016,2022 &amp; 2024 with Arka Motorsports. He is with Arka Motorsports and drives in [[MRF (company)|MRF Tyres]] colours under the mentorship of [[N. Leelakrishnan|N Leelakrishnan]], his mentor, engineer and tuner. He is also the first driver to get a National Championship title for [[Volkswagen Polo]] along with co-driver [[Nikhil Pai]].<br /> <br /> == Motorsport career ==<br /> Kadur started with a Motocross bike at six and by nine was taking part in local Motocross events. His parents Prakash Kadur (former Indian rally driver &amp; supporter of the sport) and Nirmala Prakash were instrumental in showing support in his career. Later Karna moved on to Karting Championship events and eventually made his way to the National Racing championship where he drove the [[Formula Rolon]] series till 2006. In 2009, Karna took a short break after suffering a shock loss in his family and returned with rallying as a privateer in his first outing.<br /> <br /> In the same year, Karna was selected through Red Rooster Racing's Talent Identification Programme by N. Leelakrishnan and went on to win the Rally Star Cup Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOIBG%2F2009%2F11%2F23&amp;ViewMode=HTML&amp;PageLabel=20&amp;EntityId=Ar02000&amp;AppName=1 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170330011755/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOIBG/2009/11/23&amp;ViewMode=HTML&amp;PageLabel=20&amp;EntityId=Ar02000&amp;AppName=1 |url-status= dead |archive-date= 30 March 2017 |title=Gill bags grand double |first=R. |last=Satya |work=The Times of India |date=23 November 2009 |accessdate=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the Motorsports Manager and development driver with Red Rooster Performance in 2009.<br /> <br /> In 2010, Karna was promoted as the team's fourth driver in a Mitsubishi Group N Cedia. He was also the Driving Instructor at Red Rooster Performance Motorsports Academy. However, [[Red Rooster Racing]] pulled out of motorsports citing lack of sponsorship at the end of the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.redroosterracing.com/pressroom/pressrelease/INRC%20Press%20Release%2023-06-2010.pdf |title=Red Rooster Racing Ready to Show Their Might in Round 1 of INRC 2010 |first=red rooster |last=racing |work=[[Red rooster Racing]] |date=23 June 2010 |accessdate=12 July 2014 |archive-date=27 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127033419/http://redroosterracing.com/pressroom/pressrelease/INRC%20Press%20Release%2023-06-2010.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2011, Karna participated as a privateer supported by Red Rooster Performance and went on to win his first national title in the Group N Indian National Rally championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://oncars.in/car-features/2011-indian-national-rally-championship-a-look-through-the-season-15118/ |title=2011 Indian National Rally Championship – a look through the season |first=oncars |last=oncars |work=[[oncars]] |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2012, Karna finished 1st runner up in the overall [[Indian National Rally Championship]] driving a Mitsubishi Group N Cedia prepared by N.Leelakrishnan of Red Rooster Performance.<br /> <br /> In 2014, Karna was the stand-in driver for Team Mahindra Adventure.<br /> <br /> In 2015, Karna was brought in as the second driver at Team Yokohama India. He partnered with an Australia-based Indian International Co-Driver Vivek Ponnusamy. He went on to drive a Group N Volkswagen Polo prepared by N. Leelakrishnan of Red Rooster Performance. The pair won the 1600 Group N championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/yokohama-unveils-rally-team-for-india-115060201271_1.html |title=Yokohama unveils its India rally team |first=praveen |last=bose |work=[[business standards]] |date=2 June 2015 |accessdate=12 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Team Yokohama India had fielded a car each in the INRC 2000 &amp; INRC 1600 categories. A Volkswagen Polo driven by Karna and co-driven by Nikhil V. Pai in the INRC 1600 and a Mitsubishi Cedia driven by Rahul Kantharaj and Vivek Bhat in the INRC 2000. Both the cars were prepared by Leelakrishnan of Red Rooster Performance.<br /> Their victory helped Team Yokohama India to secure the Team Championship in the group N 1600 and 2000 respectively for the first time since its inception.<br /> <br /> In 2016, was the turnaround year in Karna's career. Still driving for Team Yokohama, he partnered with the country's most-experienced co-driver, [[Nikhil Pai]]. Karna's co-Driver Nikhil V. Pai happens to have over 35 years of motorsport experience as well as having co-driven for the top drivers in the country since the early 1980s. Team Yokohama India had fielded two cars in the INRC 2000, a Volkswagen Polo driven by Karna and co-driven by Nikhil and a Mitsubishi Cedia driven by Rahul Kantharaj and Vivek Bhat. Both the cars were prepared by N.Leelakrishnan<br /> of Red Rooster Performance<br /> <br /> While the team's primary goal was to secure yet another subcategory national title, the surprise was indeed in store. At the first rally in Coimbatore Karna suffered an electrical issue during the rally and had to be content with finishing 3rd in the INRC 2000 and Overall 4th. Tragically after the scrutiny of the rally, the rally car on its way back to the base, caught fire and was gutted. With the next round in 3 weeks at Nashik and no time to source, a new car The Team at Red Rooster Performance managed to put the same car back together under the parts support from Volkswagen Motorsports India. Karna did not disappoint his team's efforts and secured a well fought second place in Nashik having just lost by 1 second and in the third round in Rally de North even managed to defeat the mightier Mahindra's XUV's to finish an overall second to the Volkswagen Polo R2 spec of Arjun Rao. Next up at the season's 4th round at Coffee Day India Rally – an Asia Pacific Rally Championship as well, Karna and co-driver Nikhil dominated the event and went on to win the Overall National Championship by finishing an overall first with still a round to spare at Bangalore the following month. This is Volkswagen Polo's first overall rally victory in the country after 4 years of its inception in this field. Also, this being a group N spec car it proved to be mightier than the more powerful cars in the field for the 2016 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/Karna-Kadur-is-INRC-champion/article16900396.ece |title=Karna Kadur is INRC champion |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 December 2016 |accessdate=23 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of 2017, Karna is back, participating in the MRF FMSCI Indian National Rally Championship, along with co-driver Nikhil Pai, as the defending title champion driver and placed second overall and first in the INRC 2 Class at the Rally of Coimbatore.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/inrc-2017-gaurav-gill-wins-season-opening-rally-of-coimbatore/ |title=INRC 2017: Gaurav Gill Wins Season-Opening Rally of Coimbatore |work=The Overdrive |date=31 July 2017 |accessdate=4 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/top-stories/fmsci-indian-national-rally-championship-winning-start-for-gill-musafmsci-indian-national-rally-championship/articleshow/59841802.cms |title=FMSCI Indian National Rally Championship: Winning start for Gill, Musa |first=Archiman |last=Bhaduri |work=The Times of India, sports |date=31 July 2017 |accessdate=4 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2022, Karna Kadur and Nikhil Pai once again won the fmsci Blueband Indian National Rally Championship (INRC) for four-wheelers with a round to spare.<br /> <br /> In 2024, Karna Kadur and [[Musa Sherif]] paired up after Nikhil Pai Chose to retire and move overseas. The oldest new pairing of Kadur &amp; Sherif proved fruitful with Kadur clinching his 3rd Overall National Title &amp; ensuring Musa clinched his record 8th Overall National title. They are supported by MRF Tyres / Rally team and also went onto drive as the second team for Toyota Gazoo Racing / TRD / TCD team in Thailand their first outing in a 4 WD Toyota CHR – a fully supported program lasted 3 rounds of the Thailand Championship with them having missed the 4th round owing to a date clash with the Indian Rally Championship. They are fully backed &amp; mentored by the Indian Legendary tuner &amp; team principle N Leelakrishnan of Arka motorsports, Coimbatore.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kadur, Karna}}<br /> [[Category:1988 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian racing drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian rally drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Bengaluru]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ballari_Nala&diff=489366 2025-11-27T16:22:19Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new new page!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|River in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox river<br /> | name = Bellary Nala<br /> | name_other = <br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | map = <br /> | map_size = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | source1_location = [[Yellur, Belgaum|Yellur]] in [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<br /> | mouth_location = [[Markandeya River, Western Ghats|Markandeya river]], near [[Karaguppi]], [[Hukkeri]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]<br /> | etymology = <br /> |length_mi=36<br /> | source1_elevation = 1010m<br /> | mouth_elevation = 650m<br /> | discharge1_avg =<br /> | basin_size = <br /> }}<br /> '''Bellary Nala''' (or '''Ballari Nala''') is a river of southern [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;http://www.theijes.com/papers/v3-i6/Version-5/E0365037045.pdf Bellary Nala&lt;/ref&gt; It rises in the [[Yellur, Belgaum|Yellur]] in [[Belgaum]] Taluk of [[Karnataka]] state,&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/apr/22/bellary-nala-flooding-will-be-disastrous-1967353.html Bellary Nala flooding will be disastrous]&lt;/ref&gt; flows towards South-eastern side of the [[Belagavi]] city and flows through [[Halga, Belgaum|Halga]], [[Vadgaon, Belgaum|Vadgaon]], [[Shahapur, Belgaum|Shahapur]], [[Bastwad]], [[Basavan Kudchi]], [[Angol, Belgaum|Angol]], [[Mutga]], [[Sambra]], [[Muchandi]], [[Sulebhavi]] [[Khangaon, Belgaum|Khangaon]], [[Hudali]], [[Suldhal]], [[Malamaradi]], [[Budihal, Belgaum|Budihal]], [[Ankalgi]], [[Akkatangerahal]], [[Kundargi]] and many villages before reaching its confluence into the [[Markandeya River, Western Ghats|Markandeya river]] at near [[Karaguppi]] in [[Hukkeri]] Taluk ({{convert|2|km|mi}} from [[Pachapur Railway Station]])&lt;ref&gt;[https://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/bellary-nala-turning-into-a-curse-for-farmers/ Bellary Nala turning into a curse for farmers]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Current State ==<br /> During monsoon, Bellary Nala floods frequently that has been causing them huge losses for farmers the past.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-08-08 |title=Bellary Nala spills over, 700 acres under water |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/bellary-nala-spills-over-700-acres-under-water-390462.html |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have been demanding officials to desilt the nala. They have submitted memorandums to the authorities concerned and even protested against their alleged negligence.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ಬಳ್ಳಾರಿ ನಾಲಾ ಹೂಳೆತ್ತಲು ಕ್ರಮ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/news/belagavi/bellary-nala/articleshow/53230613.cms |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt; Also the nala has not been cleaned for sometime. The 30-km stretch of Bellary Nala traverses through dense industrial and populated clusters and agriculture farms before joining [[Markandeya River, Western Ghats|Markandeya river]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-10-20 |title=Belagavi villagers demand filter plant to treat contaminated water from Ballari Nala |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/Belagavi-villagers-demand-filter-plant-to-treat-contaminated-water-from-Ballari-Nala/article16076721.ece |access-date=2024-05-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The several industries and even hospitals release their waste into the nala. As a result, crops on the banks of the nala are damaged and to make things worse, many farmers working in those fields complain of skin diseases. Even the government sanctioned funds for taking up the nala work in 2017, but the work never commenced. Since Bellary Nala carries the [[Belagavi]] city's sewage throughout the year, it is also the duty of the [[Belgaum City Corporation]] to clean. However, the corporation says it is helpless and that it is up to the district administration to take care of it. This year as an addon, the making of the [[Halga, Belgaum|Halga]] - [[Macche]] bypass Road has worsened the situation.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260740048_WATER_QUALITY_ASSESSMENT_OF_BELLARY_NALA_BELGAUM WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BELLARY NALA, BELGAUM&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Dam==<br /> [[Government of Karnataka]] is constructing an [[irrigation]] [[dam]] across Bellary Nala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-03-09 |title=Balance works of Bellary Nala Irrigation Project |url=https://www.projectsmonitor.com/daily-wire/balance-works-of-bellary-nala-irrigation-project/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=India's first News Website on Projects Investment |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Bellary nala irrigation project envisages to irrigate 8200 Hectares of land in [[Belgaum]], [[Gokak]], [[Saundatti (Rural)|Saundatti]] &amp; [[Bailahongal]] taluks of [[Belgaum district]] by constructing a dam across Bellary nala, which is a main tributary to [[Markandeya River, Western Ghats|Markandeya river]].&lt;ref&gt;{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171026020656/http://knnlindia.com/pdf/Annual%20Report%202017%20English%20with%20Photos.pdf Article title]}} BELLARY NALA PROJECT&lt;/ref&gt; Excavation for dam foundation, concreting in block 1 to 6 and 8 to 18 are partly completed. Total length of main canal is 106&amp;nbsp;km, works in reach from km 44 to 106 are under progress. (Except km 1 to 10 &amp; 32 to 40, which is under forest area)<br /> <br /> ==Belagavi Nala==<br /> [[Belagavi Nala]] is a tributary of Ballari Nala, which rises at [[Laxmi Tekdi]] in [[Belgaum]] city and converges near [[Laxminagar, Belgaum|Laxminagar]] in the outskirts of [[Belgaum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-01-29 |title=Belagavi Nala Revitalisation Project Wins ISOLA Award - All About Belgaum |url=https://allaboutbelgaum.com/news/belagavi-nala-revitalisation-project-wins-isola-award/ |access-date=2024-05-23 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal]]<br /> *[[Markandeya River, Western Ghats|Markandeya river]]<br /> *[[Krishna River]]<br /> *[[Ghataprabha River]]<br /> *[[Godchinamalaki Falls]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Western Ghats}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|12|28|04|N|80|09|16|E|region:IN_type:waterbody_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Krishna River| ]]<br /> [[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shirt&diff=450403 2025-11-15T12:24:34Z

<p>Commercial Noida: General improvements to article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Garment for the upper body}}<br /> {{pp-semi-indef}}<br /> {{other uses|Shirt (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Infobox clothing type<br /> | image = <br /> | caption =[[Charvet Place Vendôme|Charvet]] shirt from the 1930s&lt;br&gt;[[Norwegian Museum of Cultural History|Norsk Folkemuseum]], [[Oslo]], [[Norway]] <br /> | type = [[Clothing]]<br /> | material = {{collapsible list<br /> | title= Materials uses<br /> | bullets= yes<br /> | titlestyle=font-style: italic;<br /> | framestyle=background-color: #eec;<br /> | liststyle=background-color: #cce;<br /> | [[Cotton]]<br /> | [[Polyester]]<br /> | [[Linen]]<br /> | [[Silk]]<br /> | [[Wool]]<br /> | [[Denim]]<br /> | [[Flannel]]<br /> | [[Chambray]]<br /> }}<br /> | image_file=Charvet shirt.jpg<br /> | image_size=200px<br /> | alt=Shirt's image.<br /> | title=Shirt<br /> | location=[[Egypt]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> A '''shirt''' is a cloth garment for the upper body (from the neck to the waist).<br /> <br /> Originally an [[undergarment]] worn exclusively by men, it has become, in [[American English]], a catch-all term for a broad variety of upper-body garments and undergarments. In [[British English]], a shirt is more specifically a garment with a [[collar (clothing)|collar]], sleeves with [[cuff]]s, and a full vertical opening with buttons or snaps (North Americans would call that a &quot;[[dress shirt]]&quot;, a specific type of collared shirt). A shirt can also be worn with a [[necktie]] under the shirt collar.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The world's oldest preserved garment, discovered by [[Flinders Petrie]], is a &quot;highly sophisticated&quot; linen shirt from a First Dynasty Egyptian tomb at [[Tarkhan (Egypt)|Tarkan]], dated to {{Circa|3000 BC}}: &quot;the shoulders and sleeves have been finely pleated to give form-fitting trimness while allowing the wearer room to move. The small fringe formed during weaving along one edge of the cloth has been placed by the designer to decorate the neck opening and side seam.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (1994). ''Women's Work. The first 20,000 Years'', p.135. Norton &amp; Company, New York. {{ISBN|0-393-31348-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The shirt was an item of clothing that only men could wear as underwear, until the twentieth century.&lt;ref name=&quot;William L. Brown III 1999. p. 7&quot;&gt;William L. Brown III, &quot;Some Thoughts on Men's Shirts in America, 1750-1900&quot;, Thomas Publications, Gettysburg, PA 1999. {{ISBN|1-57747-048-6}}, p. 7&lt;/ref&gt; Although the women's [[chemise]] was a closely related garment to the men's, it is the men's garment that became the modern shirt.&lt;ref&gt;[[Dorothy K. Burnham]], &quot;Cut My Cote&quot;, [[Royal Ontario Museum]], Toronto, Ontario 1973. {{ISBN|0-88854-046-9}}, p. 14&lt;/ref&gt; In the [[Middle Ages]], it was a plain, undyed garment worn next to the skin and under regular garments. In medieval artworks, the shirt is only visible (uncovered) on humble characters, such as [[shepherd]]s, prisoners, and [[Penance|penitents]].&lt;ref&gt;[[C. Willett Cunnington]] and [[Phillis Cunnington]], ''The History of Underclothes'', Dover Publications Inc., New York 1992. {{ISBN|0-486-27124-2}} pp. 23–25&lt;/ref&gt; In the seventeenth century, men's shirts were allowed to show, with much the same [[Eroticism|erotic]] import as visible underwear today.&lt;ref&gt;C. Willett and Phillis Cunnington, ''The History of Underclothes'', Dover Publications Inc., New York 1992. {{ISBN|0-486-27124-2}} pp. 54&lt;/ref&gt; In the eighteenth century, instead of underpants, men &quot;relied on the long tails of shirts ... to serve the function of drawers.&lt;ref&gt;Linda Baumgarten, &quot;What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America&quot;, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia, in association with the [[Yale University Press]], New Haven, Connecticut 2002, {{ISBN|0-300-09580-5}}, p. 27&lt;/ref&gt; Eighteenth-century costume historian [[Joseph Strutt (engraver and antiquary)|Joseph Strutt]] believed that men who did not wear shirts to bed were indecent.&lt;ref&gt;Linda Baumgarten, &quot;What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America&quot;, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Williamsburg, Virginia, in association with the [[Yale University Press]], New Haven, Connecticut 2002, {{ISBN|0-300-09580-5}}, pp. 20-22&lt;/ref&gt; Even as late as 1879, a visible shirt with nothing over it was considered improper.&lt;ref name=&quot;William L. Brown III 1999. p. 7&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The shirt sometimes had frills at the neck or cuffs. In the sixteenth century, men's shirts often had [[embroidery]], and sometimes frills or [[lace]] at the neck and cuffs and through the eighteenth-century long neck frills, or [[Jabot (neckwear)|jabots]], were fashionable.&lt;ref&gt;C. Willet and Phillis Cunnington, &quot;The History of Underclothes&quot;, Dover Publications Inc., New York 1992. {{ISBN|0-486-27124-2}} pp. 36–39&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;C. Willet and Phillis Cunnington, &quot;The History of Underclothes&quot;, Dover Publications Inc., New York 1992. {{ISBN|0-486-27124-2}} pp. 73&lt;/ref&gt; Coloured shirts began to appear in the early nineteenth century, as can be seen in the paintings of [[George Caleb Bingham]]. They were considered casual wear, for lower-class workers only, until the twentieth century. For a gentleman, &quot;to wear a sky-blue shirt was unthinkable in 1860, but had become standard by 1920 and, in 1980, constituted the most commonplace event.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Michel Pastoureau and Jody Gladding (translator), &quot;The Devil's Cloth: A History of Stripes&quot;, Columbia University Press, New York 2001 {{ISBN|0-7434-5326-3}}, p. 65&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> European and American women began wearing shirts in 1860, when the [[Garibaldi shirt]], a red shirt as worn by the freedom fighters under [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], was popularized by [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugénie]] of France.&lt;ref&gt;[[Anne Buck]], &quot;Victorian Costume&quot;, Ruth Bean Publishers, Carlton, Bedford, England 1984. {{ISBN|0-903585-17-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Young, Julia Ditto, &quot;The Rise of the Shirt Waist&quot;, ''[[Good Housekeeping]]'', May 1902, pp. 354–357&lt;/ref&gt; At the end of the nineteenth century, the ''[[Century Dictionary]]'' described an ordinary shirt as &quot;of cotton, with linen bosom, wristbands and cuffs prepared for stiffening with starch, the collar and wristbands being usually separate and adjustable&quot;.<br /> <br /> The first documented appearance of the expression &quot;To give the shirt off one's back&quot;, happened in 1771 as an idiom that indicates extreme desperation or generosity and is still in common usage. In 1827 Hannah Montague, a housewife in upstate New York, invents the [[detachable collar]]. Tired of constantly washing her husband's entire shirt when only the collar needed it, she cut off his collars and devised a way of attaching them to the neckband after washing. It was not until the 1930s that [[collar stays]] became popular, although these early accessories resembled tie clips more than the small collar stiffeners available today. They connected the collar points to the necktie, keeping them in place.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gant.com/shirtguide/shirt-history |title=History of the Shirt :: Shirt Guide |publisher=Gant US |access-date=2016-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Better source|reason=External link appears to be [[WP:SPAM]]|date=September 2016}}<br /> <br /> == Types ==<br /> [[File:Shirt-types.svg|thumb|upright|Three types of shirt]]<br /> <br /> * [[Aloha shirt]]<br /> * [[Camp shirt]] – a loose, straight-cut, short sleeved shirt or [[blouse]] with a simple placket front-opening and a &quot;camp collar&quot;.<br /> * [[Dress shirt]] – shirt with a formal (somewhat stiff) collar, a full-length opening at the front from the collar to the hem (usually buttoned), and sleeves with cuffs<br /> * [[White shirt]] – usually dress shirt which is white in colour<br /> ** [[Dinner shirt]] – a shirt specifically made to be worn with male evening wear, e.g. a [[black tie]] or [[white tie]].<br /> ** [[Guayabera]] – an embroidered dress shirt with four pockets.<br /> * [[Poet shirt]] – a loose-fitting shirt or blouse with full bishop sleeves, usually with large frills on the front and on the cuffs.<br /> * [[T-shirt]] – also &quot;tee shirt&quot;, a casual shirt without a collar or buttons, made of a stretchy, finely knit fabric, usually cotton, and usually short-sleeved. Originally worn under other shirts, it is now a common shirt for everyday wear in some countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=KYKU |url=https://www.kykuclothing.com/ |website=kykuclothing.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ** Long-sleeved T-shirt – a T-shirt with long sleeves that extend to cover the arms.<br /> ** Ringer T-shirt – tee with a separate piece of fabric sewn onto the collar and sleeve hems.<br /> **Raglan T-shirt – a T-shirt with a [[raglan sleeve]]; a sleeve that extends in one piece fully to the collar, leaving a diagonal seam from underarm to collarbone.<br /> ** [[Crop top|Halfshirt]] – a high-hemmed T-shirt, typically falling between the bottom of the sternum and navel.<br /> ** [[Sleeveless shirt]] – a shirt manufactured without sleeves, or one whose sleeves have been cut off, also called a tank top<br /> ***[[A-shirt]] or '''vest or singlet''' (in [[British English]]) – essentially a sleeveless shirt with large armholes and a large neck hole, often worn by labourers or athletes for increased movability.<br /> *** [[Camisole]] – woman's undershirt with narrow straps, or a similar garment worn alone (often with [[brassiere|bra]]). Also referred to as a '''cami''', '''shelf top''', '''spaghetti straps''' or '''strappy top'''<br /> * [[Polo shirt]] (also '''tennis shirt''' or '''golf shirt''') – a pullover soft collar short-sleeved shirt with an abbreviated button placket at the neck and a longer back than front (the &quot;tennis tail&quot;).<br /> ** [[Rugby shirt]] – a long-sleeved polo shirt, traditionally of rugged construction in thick cotton or wool, but often softer today<br /> ** [[Henley shirt]] – a collarless polo shirt<br /> * Baseball shirt ([[Jersey (clothing)#In sports|jersey]])&amp;nbsp;– usually distinguished by a three-quarters sleeve, team insignia, and flat waist seam<br /> * [[Sweatshirt]] – long-sleeved athletic shirt of heavier material, with or without [[Hoodie|hood]]<br /> * [[Tunic]] – primitive shirt, distinguished by two-piece construction. Initially a men's garment, is normally seen in modern times being worn by women<br /> * [[Shirtwaist]] – historically (circa. 1890–1920) a woman's tailored shirt (also called a &quot;tailored waist&quot;) cut like a man's dress shirt;&lt;ref&gt;For example, see Laura I. Baldt, A.M., ''Clothing for Women: Selection, Design and Construction'', J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, PA 1924 (second edition), p. 312&lt;/ref&gt; in contemporary usage, a woman's dress cut like a men's dress shirt to the waist, then extended into dress length at the bottom<br /> * [[Nightshirt]] – often oversized, ruined or inexpensive light cloth undergarment shirt for [[sleep]]ing.<br /> * [[Halter top]] – a shoulderless, sleeveless garment for women. It is mechanically analogous to an [[apron]] with a string around the back of the neck and across the lower back holding it in place.<br /> * Top shirt – a long-sleeved collarless polo shirt <br /> * Heavy shirt – a shirt made with heavier fabric (typically more than 6 oz./yd.², often ranging from 6 oz. to 9 oz.+, or 180 to 220 GSM)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Heavyweight vs Lightweight T-Shirts: What's the Difference? Which is Better? | url=https://taperedmenswear.com/blogs/tapered-blog/heavyweight-vs-lightweight-t-shirts }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Heavyweight vs Oversized T-Shirts: What's the Difference? | date=18 July 2024 | url=https://riseandfall.co/en-us/blogs/news/difference-heavyweight-and-oversized-t-shirts }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Infant bodysuit|Onesie]] or diaper shirt&amp;nbsp;– a shirt for [[infant]]s which is buttoned in the front between the legs<br /> * [[Tube top]] (in [[American English]]) or boob tube (in [[British English]])&amp;nbsp;– a shoulderless, sleeveless &quot;tube&quot; that wraps the torso not reaching higher than the armpit, staying in place by elasticity or by a single strap that is attached to the front of the tube<br /> *Overshirt- a heavier type of shirt that can be worn over the shirt as a [[jacket]]. <br /> *Thousand-miler shirt - historically (until circa 1960s) a light brown colored shirt worn predominantly by American [[Peddler|travelling salesmen]] in first half of 20th century and known as a thousand-miler because it did not show dirt from long business trips on the road.&lt;ref&gt;Steinbeck, John. (1947) ''[[The Wayward Bus]]'', Viking Press, NYC, Book Club hardback ed. p. 513&lt;/ref&gt; Also a dark shirt or one made of heavy serviceable fabric as worn by sailors or railway workers especially during the [[history of the steam engine|steam age]].<br /> * Punishment shirts were special shirts made for the condemned, either those cursed supernaturally, such as the poisoned shirt that killed [[Creusa (daughter of Creon)]], the [[Shirt of Nessus]] used to kill [[Hercules]], those used to execute people in ancient Rome, such as the [[Tunica molesta]], and those used in church heresy trials such as the [[Sanbenito]]<br /> <br /> == Parts of shirt ==<br /> Many terms are used to describe and differentiate types of shirts (and upper-body garments in general) and their construction. The smallest differences may have significance to a cultural or occupational group. Recently, (late twentieth century, into the twenty-first century) it has become common to use tops as a form of advertisement. Many of these distinctions apply to other upper-body garments, such as [[Coat (clothing)|coats]] and [[sweaters]].<br /> <br /> === Shoulders and arms ===<br /> <br /> ==== Sleeves ====<br /> {{Main|Sleeves}}<br /> Shirts may:<br /> * have no covering of the shoulders or arms&amp;nbsp;– a [[tube top]] (not reaching higher than the armpits, staying in place by elasticity)<br /> * have only shoulder straps, such as [[spaghetti strap]]s<br /> * cover the shoulders, but without [[sleeve]]s<br /> * have shoulderless sleeves, short or long, with or without shoulder straps, that expose the shoulders, but cover the rest of the arm from the biceps and triceps down to at least the elbow<br /> * have short sleeves, varying from cap sleeves (covering only the shoulder and not extending below the armpit) to half sleeves (elbow length), with some having quarter-length sleeves (reaching to a point that covers half of the biceps and triceps area)<br /> * have three-quarter-length sleeves (reaching to a point between the elbow and the wrist)<br /> * have long sleeves (reaching a point to the wrist to a little beyond wrist)<br /> <br /> ==== Cuffs ====<br /> {{Main|Cuff}}<br /> Shirts with long sleeves may further be distinguished by the [[cuff]]s:<br /> <br /> * no [[button (clothing)|button]]s&amp;nbsp;– a closed placket cuff<br /> * buttons (or analogous fasteners such as [[snap fastener|snaps]])&amp;nbsp;– single or multiple. A single button or pair aligned parallel with the [[cuff]] hem is considered a [[button cuff]]. Multiple buttons aligned perpendicular to the [[cuff]] hem, or parallel to the [[placket]] constitute a [[barrel cuff]].<br /> * buttonholes designed for [[cufflink]]s<br /> ** a [[French cuff]], where the end half of the [[cuff]] is folded over the [[cuff]] itself and fastened with a [[cufflink]]. This type of [[cuff]] has four buttons and a short [[placket]].<br /> ** more formally, a link cuff&amp;nbsp;– fastened like a [[French cuff]], except is not folded over, but instead hemmed, at the edge of the sleeve.<br /> * asymmetrical designs, such as one-shoulder, one-sleeve or with sleeves of different lengths.<br /> <br /> === Lower hem ===<br /> * hanging to the [[waist]]<br /> * leaving the [[navel|belly button]] area [[Nudity|bare]] (much more common for women than for men). See [[halfshirt]].<br /> * covering the [[crotch]]<br /> * covering part of the legs (essentially this is a [[dress]]; however, a piece of clothing is perceived either as a shirt (worn with [[trousers]]) or as a dress (in [[Western culture]] mainly worn by women)).<br /> * going to the floor (as a pajama shirt)<br /> <br /> === Body ===<br /> * vertical opening on the front side, all the way down, with [[Button (clothing)|button]]s or [[zipper]]. When fastened with buttons, this opening is often called the [[Placket|placket front]].<br /> * similar opening, but in back.<br /> * left and right front side not separable, put on over the head; with regard to upper front side opening:<br /> ** V-shaped permanent opening on the top of the front side<br /> ** no opening at the upper front side<br /> ** vertical opening on the upper front side with buttons or zipper<br /> *** men's shirts are usually buttoned on the right whereas women's are usually buttoned on the left.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |first=Danny |last=Lewis |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/heres-why-mens-and-womens-clothes-button-opposite-sides-1-180957361/ |title=Here's Why Men's and Women's Clothes Button on Opposite Sides |magazine=Smithsonian magazine |date=November 23, 2015 |access-date=December 6, 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Neck ===<br /> * with polo-neck<br /> * with &quot;scoop&quot; neck<br /> * with v-neck but no collar<br /> * with plunging neck<br /> * with open or tassel neck<br /> * with [[collar (clothing)|collar]]<br /> ** windsor collar or '''spread collar'''&amp;nbsp;– a dressier collar designed with a wide distance between points (the '''spread''') to accommodate the [[windsor knot]] tie. The standard business collar.<br /> ** tab collar&amp;nbsp;– a collar with two small fabric tabs that fasten together behind a tie to maintain collar spread.<br /> ** [[wing collar]]&amp;nbsp;– best suited for the bow tie, often only worn for very formal occasions.<br /> ** straight collar&amp;nbsp;– or '''point collar''', a version of the windsor collar that is distinguished by a narrower spread to better accommodate the [[four-in-hand knot]], [[pratt knot]], and the half-windsor knot. A moderate dress collar.<br /> ** [[button-down collar]]&amp;nbsp;– A collar with buttons that fasten the points or tips to a shirt. The most casual of collars worn with a tie.<br /> ** [[band collar]]&amp;nbsp;– essentially the lower part of a normal collar, first used as the original collar to which a separate collarpiece was attached. Rarely seen in modern fashion. Also casual.<br /> ** [[Polo neck|turtle neck collar]]&amp;nbsp;– A collar that covers most of the throat.<br /> * without collar<br /> *** V-neck no collar&amp;nbsp;– The neckline protrudes down the chest and to a point, creating a &quot;V&quot;-looking neckline.<br /> <br /> === Other features ===<br /> * '''[[pocket]]s'''&amp;nbsp;– how many (if any), where, and with regard to closure: not closable, just a flap, or with a [[Button (clothing)|button]] or [[zipper]].<br /> * with or without [[Hood (headgear)|hood]]<br /> <br /> Some combinations are not applicable, e.g. a tube top cannot have a collar.<br /> <br /> ==Measures and sizes==<br /> The main measures for a jacket are:<br /> * Shoulders<br /> * Bust<br /> * Waist<br /> * Hip<br /> * Sleeve<br /> * Length, from the neck to the waist or hip.<br /> <br /> ===Sizes===<br /> *Asia Size M = US/EU Size XS.<br /> *Asia Size L = US/EU Size S.<br /> *Asia Size XL = US/EU Size M.<br /> *Asia Size XXL = US/EU Size L.<br /> *Asia Size XXXL = US/EU Size XL.<br /> *Asia Size XXXXL = US/EU Size XXL.<br /> <br /> == Types of fabric ==<br /> There are two main categories of fibres used: natural fibre and man-made fibre (synthetics or petroleum based). Some natural fibres are linen, the first used historically, [[hemp]], [[cotton]], the most used, [[ramie]], [[wool]], [[silk]] and more recently [[bamboo]] or [[Soy fabric|soya]]. Some synthetic fibres are [[polyester]], [[tencel]], [[viscose]], etc. Polyester mixed with cotton (poly-cotton) is often used. Fabrics for shirts are called shirtings. The four main weaves for shirtings are [[plain weave]], [[oxford (cloth)|oxford]], [[twill]] and [[satin]]. [[Broadcloth]], [[poplin]] and [[end-on-end]] are variations of the plain weave. After weaving, [[finishing (textiles)|finishing]] can be applied to the fabric.<br /> <br /> == Shirts and politics ==<br /> {{See also|Political colour}}<br /> In the 1920s and 1930s, [[fascists]] wore different coloured shirts:<br /> <br /> * [[Black shirts]] were used by the [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascists]], and in Britain, Finland and Germany and Croatia. <br /> * [[Brownshirts]] were worn by German Nazis of the SA.<br /> * The [[Blueshirts]] was a fascist movement in Ireland and Canada, and the colour of the Portuguese ''[[National Syndicalists (Portugal)|Nacional Sindicalistas]]'', the Spanish ''[[Falange Española]]'', the French ''[[Solidarité Française]]'', and the Chinese [[Blue Shirts Society]].<br /> * [[Greenshirts (disambiguation)|Green shirts]] were used in Hungary, Ireland, Romania, Brazil and Portugal.<br /> * ''[[Camisas Doradas]]'' (golden shirts) were used in [[Mexico]].<br /> * Red shirts were worn by the racist and antisemitic Bulgarian [[Ratniks]].<br /> * [[Silver Shirts]] were worn in the United States of America.<br /> * Grey shirts were worn by members of the [[Fatherland League (Norway)|Fatherland League]] in Norway.<br /> <br /> In addition, [[redshirt (disambiguation)|red shirts]] have been used to symbolize a variety of different political groups, including [[Garibaldi]]'s Italian revolutionaries, nineteenth-century American street gangs, and [[socialist]] militias in Spain and Mexico during the 1930s.<br /> <br /> Different colored shirts signified the major opposing sides that featured prominently in the [[2008 Thai political crisis]], with red having been worn by the supporters of the populist [[People's Power Party (Thailand)|People's Power Party]] (PPP), and yellow being worn by the supporters of the royalist and anti-[[Thaksin Shinawatra]] movement the [[People's Alliance for Democracy]] (PAD). Each side is commonly referred to as the 'red shirts' and 'yellow shirts' respectively, though the later opponents of the later Thaksin supporting groups have largely ceased wearing yellow shirts to protest rallies.<br /> <br /> In the UK, the [[Social Credit]] movement of the thirties wore green shirts.<br /> <br /> The party leaders of [[Dravidar Kazhagam]] in India wear only black shirts to symbolise atheism.<br /> <br /> Whatever its color, the shirt itself means a certain wealth and social status. In Spain in the 19th century, then in [[Argentina]] during the time of [[Juan Perón]], the word ''descamisados'' (&quot;shirtless&quot;) means the masses of the poor.<br /> <br /> ==Industrial production==<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> File:Dress Shirt production Line allocation in a RMG factory of Bangladesh.JPG|Shirt production line <br /> File:Dress Shirt sewing in a RMG factory of Bangladesh.jpg|Factory sewing<br /> File:Dress Shirt on Conveyor in a RMG factory of Bangladesh.JPG|Shirts on a conveyor <br /> File:Hanging Shirt during Finishing.JPG|Shirts awaiting finishing<br /> File:Hanging Shirt for Final Final Finishing.JPG|Kids shirts for quality checking<br /> File:Shirt review by buyer.JPG|Manufacturer and buyer reviewing product<br /> File:Arrow Dress Shirt producing in a RMG factory of Bangladesh.jpg|Dress shirt <br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Cardigan (sweater)]]<br /> * [[Descamisado]]<br /> * [[Jermyn Street]], home of the oldest English shirtmakers<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{wiktionary}}<br /> {{Commons category|Shirts}}<br /> * {{cite web |publisher= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]<br /> |url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/i/introduction-to-18th-century-fashion/<br /> |title= Introduction to 18th-century fashion<br /> |work=Fashion, Jewellery &amp; Accessories|date= 25 January 2011<br /> }}<br /> * {{cite web |publisher= [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]<br /> |url= http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/i/introduction-to-19th-century-fashion/<br /> |title= Introduction to 19th-century fashion<br /> |work=Fashion, Jewellery &amp; Accessories|date= 25 January 2011<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{Clothing}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:History of clothing]]<br /> [[Category:History of Western fashion]]<br /> [[Category:Shirts| ]]<br /> <br /> [[it:Camicia]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-headed_ibis&diff=447745 2025-10-05T18:07:13Z

<p>Commercial Noida: typo fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Species of bird}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}<br /> {{Speciesbox<br /> | name = Black-headed ibis<br /> | image = Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus).jpg<br /> | image_caption = Wild individual photographed at [[Tirunelveli]], India<br /> | status = LC<br /> | status_system = IUCN3.1<br /> | status_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Black-Headed Ibis|url= https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22697516/252063963 |website=IUCN Red List |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=3 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | taxon = Threskiornis melanocephalus<br /> | authority = ([[John Latham (ornithologist)|Latham]], 1790)<br /> | synonyms = ''Tantalus melanocephalus'' &lt;small&gt;Latham, 1790&lt;/small&gt; <br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''black-headed ibis''' ('''''Threskiornis melanocephalus'''''), also known as the '''Oriental white ibis''', '''Indian white ibis''', and '''black-necked ibis''', is a species of wading [[bird]] of the [[ibis]] family Threskiornithidae which breeds in the [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]] from [[India]] to the west and as far east as [[Japan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Threskiornis melanocephalus'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22697516A93618317 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697516A93618317.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Itoh |first=Shingi |date=1986 |title=Records of the Oriental Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus in Japan |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjo1915/34/4/34_4_127/_article |journal=Japanese Journal of Ornithology |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=127–143 |doi=10.3838/jjo1915.34.127}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is the only native ibis species in its range that has an overall white plumage with a black neck and head. The down-curved beak and legs are also black. Though often referred to as a wetland species, the black-headed ibis forages in a range of natural and man-made habitats.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; This species of ibis nests only during the rainy season.<br /> <br /> == Description ==<br /> The black-headed ibis is one of several large [[Water bird|waterbird]] species in south and south-east Asia, with adults measuring 65–76&amp;nbsp;cm in length.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks|last1=del Hoyo|first1=J.|last2=Elliott|first2=A.|last3=Sargatal|first3=J.|publisher=Lynx Edicions|year=1992|location=Barcelona|pages=472–506}}&lt;/ref&gt; The white plumage is starkly contrasted against a conspicuous naked black neck and head, and black down-curved beak. Tails of adults bear light grey ornamental feathers that turn jet black during the breeding season. During the breeding season, bare patches under the wing turn blood-red. The head of some breeding adults gain a blueish tinge, or very rarely have a pink or bright red patch behind the neck.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills of the World|last1=Hancock|first1=J.A.|last2=Kushlan|first2=J.A.|last3=Kahl|first3=M.P.|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1992|location=New Jersey}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author1=Kannan, V.|author2=Manakadan, R.|author3=Sykes, B. R.|year=2010|title=Red patch on the hindneck of Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus in breeding colonies in India|journal=BirdingASIA|volume=14|pages=99–100}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some breeding adults also develop tufts of white feathers behind the neck, and rarely also get a yellowish colouration on the breast and back. Sexes are identical but juveniles are identifiable from adults in having greyish feathering on the neck and speckled brown-grey feathering on the wings and back. Like storks and spoonbills, it lacks a true voice-producing mechanism and is silent except for ventriloquistic grunts uttered by pairs at the nest.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Distribution and habitat ==<br /> Black-headed ibis are native to the following countries: [[Bangladesh]], [[Cambodia]], [[China]], [[Hong Kong]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[Philippines]], [[Russian Federation]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]] and [[Vietnam]]. They are migratory or vagrant in [[Japan]], Republic of [[Korea]], [[Lao People's Democratic Republic]] and [[Mongolia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;iucn status 19 November 2021&quot; /&gt; The species is a widespread breeding bird in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar, and has declined considerably to few locations or breeding colonies in Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The most rapid decline in recent times is suspected to be the population in [[Sumatra]].&lt;ref&gt;Moses, S.; Zöckler, C. (2015) Bird survey Report Ayeyarwaddy Delta November – December 2015. Unpubl. Report for Fauna and Flora International. Fauna and Flora International.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Black-Headed Ibis Ranganathittu.jpg|thumb|A black-headed ibis in flight over the [[Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary]] in [[Karnataka]], India.]]<br /> <br /> The black-headed ibis is very versatile being able to use a large variety of natural and man-made habitats. These include freshwater and salt-water marshes, lakes and ponds, as also rice fields, freshly ploughed crop fields, irrigation canals, riversides, reservoirs, urban lakes, open sewage gutters, grazing lots, and garbage dumping sites.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Koli |first1=V.K. |last2=Yaseen |first2=M. |last3=Bhatnagar |first3=C.|year=2013|title=Population status of Painted Stork ''Mycteria leucocephala'' and Black-headed Ibis ''Threskiornis melanocephalus'' in southern Rajasthan, India|journal=Indian Birds |volume=8 |pages=39–41}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=population&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Chaudhury|first1=S.|last2=Koli|first2=V.K. |year=2018 |title=Population status, habitat preference, and nesting characteristics of Black-headed Ibis ''Threskiornis melanocephalus'' Latham, 1790 in southern Rajasthan, India |journal=Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity|volume=11|issue=2|pages=223–228 |doi=10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.013|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sundar|first=K.S. Gopi|year=2006|title=Flock size, density and habitat selection of four large waterbird species in an agricultural landscape in Uttar Pradesh, India: implications for management |jstor=4132592 |journal=Waterbirds |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=365–374|doi=10.1675/1524-4695(2006)29[365:FSDAHS]2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibis alter use of varied preferred foraging habitats by season in agricultural landscapes such as in south-western [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India. In summer, they largely use and prefer natural marshes and fallow fields, but in the monsoon, spread out more evenly to also use a variety of agricultural fields.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; In landscapes that have more forests and rocky hills as in southern Rajasthan, wetlands are the preferred habitats year-round and there is little difference in habitats used in different seasons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chaudhury |first1=Sunil |last2=Koli |first2=Vijay Kumar |date=2018 |title=Population status, habitat preference, and nesting characteristics of black-headed ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus Latham, 1790 in southern Rajasthan, India |journal=Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=223–228 |doi=10.1016/j.japb.2018.01.013 |issn=2287-884X |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; In more urban landscapes, black-headed ibis abundance was positively associated with crop fields, wetlands and open areas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Barik |first1=Souvik |last2=Saha |first2=Goutam Kumar |last3=Mazumdar |first3=Subhendu |date=2022 |title=How the Habitat Features Influence Black-Headed Ibis (''Threskiornis melanocephalus'') in a Suburban Area? A Study from Mid-West Bengal, India |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society |language=en |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=39–47 |doi=10.1007/s12595-021-00385-3 |bibcode=2022PZooS..75...39B |issn=0974-6919}}&lt;/ref&gt; Open sewage lines are used more during the dry summers, and ibis increase the use of grazing lands during the monsoon.<br /> <br /> It nests in heronry colonies near wetlands. It builds a platform nest of sticks, lined with grass and threads.&lt;ref name = population/&gt; Old trees in cities are used for night roosting and for nesting.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Koli |first1=Vijay K |last2=Chaudhary |first2=Sunil |last3=Sundar |first3=K. S. Gopi |date=2019 |title=Roosting ecology of Black-headed Ibis (''Threskiornis melanocephala'') in urban and rural areas of southern Rajasthan, India. |journal=Waterbirds |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=51–60|doi=10.1675/063.042.0106 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mehta |first1=Kanishka |last2=Koli |first2=Vijay K |last3=Kittur |first3=Swati |last4=Sundar |first4=K. S. Gopi |date=2024 |title=Can you nest where you roost? Waterbirds use different sites but similar cues to locate roosting and breeding sites in a small Indian city |journal=Urban Ecosystems |volume=27|issue=4 |pages=1279–1290 |doi=10.1007/s11252-023-01454-5 |bibcode=2024UrbEc..27.1279M }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> An investigation of the daily activity budget of black-headed ibises in a protected wetland showed them to spend the maximum time feeding (48%), followed by resting (23%).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Soni |first1=Anjali |last2=Rana |first2=Sarita |date=2023 |title=Behavioural aspects and Activity budgeting of Black Headed Ibis, ''Threskiornis melanocephalus'' and Red Naped Ibis, ''Pseudibis papillosa'' in Dighal (Potential IBA site), Jhajjar, Haryana, India |journal=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=143–150|doi=10.53562/ajcb.76744 |doi-access=free |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Commons and category|Threskiornis melanocephalus|Threskiornis melanocephalus}}<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Further reading ==<br /> * Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp; ''Birds of India''. {{ISBN|0-691-04910-6}}<br /> <br /> {{Threskiornithidae}}<br /> <br /> {{Taxonbar|from=Q373114}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Threskiornis|black-headed ibis]]<br /> [[Category:Ibises]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of India]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Sri Lanka]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Southeast Asia]]<br /> [[Category:Birds described in 1790|black-headed ibis]]<br /> [[Category:Birds of Myanmar]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhinder_Kalan&diff=491186 2025-08-17T03:35:06Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new a data!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Punjab, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> '''Bhinder Kalan''' ('''ਭਿੰਡਰ ਕਲਾਂ''') is a village in [[Punjab, India]] located in [[Dharamkot, Moga|Dharamkot]] tehsil of [[Moga district|Moga]] district.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Bhinder Kalan, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ |url=http://wikiedit.org/India/Bhinder-Kalan/12385/ |website=wikiedit.org |access-date=7 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Earlier its name was Bhinder, but in [[1823]], some people from this village settled a new village Bhinder Khurd due to the increase in population and its name was changed to Bhinder Kalan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bhinder |first1=Mukhtiar Singh |title=Anmol Lal |date=October 1997 |pages=8 |edition=First}}&lt;/ref&gt; The village was founded in the 15th century by Sardar Chanan of the Toor tribe on the advice of a sanyasi sadhu Suman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bhinder |first1=Mukhtiar Singh |title=Anmol Lal |date=October 1997 |pages=7 |edition=First}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its PIN code is 142041.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Postal Code: BHINDER KALAN, Post Bhinder SO Firozpur (Firozpur, Punjab) |url=https://pincodearea.in/BHINDER-KALAN-Pincode-PO-Bhinder-SO-Firozpur |website=PinCodeArea |access-date=7 March 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The village has a higher secondary school, a girls' high school and a primary school. The village was in media headlines after the village [[sarpanch]] was accused of performing [[exorcism]] on a teenage girl that eventually led to her death.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Woman sarpanch in Punjab kills niece to 'rid her of evil spirits' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/woman-sarpanch-in-punjab-kills-niece-to-rid-her-of-evil-spirits/articleshow/15617463.cms |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=24 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The village is also notable for being the base of [[Damdami Taksal]]'s Sampardai Bhindran at the Gurdwara Akhand Parkash Sahib from which many Sikh preachers took their name among whom prominent names are Sant [[Sundar Singh Bhindranwale]] (founder of Bhindranwale Lineage within Damdami Taksal), Sant Gurbachan Singh Bhindranwale, Sant [[Kartar Singh Bhindranwale]], Sant [[Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale]], Sant Mohan Singh Bhindranwale, Giani Mewa Singh Bhindranwale .&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sant Jarnail Singh ji Bhindrenwale |url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/bhindrenwale.html |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=Sikh-History |date=24 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324110547/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/bhindrenwale.html |archive-date=24 March 2007 |quote=He engaged himself in farming until 1965 when he joined the Damdami Taksal of Bhinder Kalan village, about 15 km north of Moga, then headed by Sant Gurbachan Singh Khalsa. Hence the epithet Bhindrenwale.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Pashaura, Michael Hawley |title=Re-imagining South Asian Religions: Essays in Honour of Professors Harold G. Coward and Ronald W. Neufeldt |date=2012 |publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9004242371 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qT0yAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Bhindran+Kalan&amp;pg=PA38}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Image of Sant Mohan Singh Bhindranwale.png|thumb|Sant Mohan Singh, who was the head of the Gurudwara Akhand Prakash till his death on 2020.]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Moga district}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalan, Bhinder}}<br /> [[Category:Villages in Moga district]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikhil_Pai&diff=521938 2025-08-13T17:11:19Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian rally co-driver}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> '''Nikhil Vittal Pai''' (born 2 October 1971) is an Indian rally co-driver who won the [[Indian National Rally Championship]] (INRC) for four-wheelers twice in 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-12-18 |title=Karna Kadur is INRC champion |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/Karna-Kadur-is-INRC-champion/article16900396.ece |access-date=2023-04-18 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; and 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karna Kadur wins 2022 INRC, K-1000 rally as Gaurav Gill retires |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/karna-kadur-wins-k1000-rally-gaurav-gill-retires-426565 |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Autocar India}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is one of the most-experienced co-drivers currently taking part in INRC for four-wheelers from 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodapati |first=David |date=2022-12-04 |title=Karna Kadur-Nikhil Pai win K1000, clinch Indian National Rally title with a round to spare |url=https://indiainf1.com/karna-kadur-nikhil-pai-clinch-indian-national-rally-title-with-a-round-to-spare/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=INDIA in F1 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pai is a sound engineer by profession with experience in the live sound industry and as a motor sports athlete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nikhil V. Pai |url=https://www.nikhilpai.in/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Nikhil V. Pai |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=TAGAT |first=ANURAG |date=2017-07-14 |title=Beyond the rock stars |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/beyond-the-rock-stars/article19278923.ece |access-date=2023-04-19 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; He started his motor sport career on motorcycles as a navigator and later moved to cars, also as a co-driver. He started his rallying career as a co-driver in 1992.<br /> <br /> == Personal life and education ==<br /> Pai was born in [[Secunderabad]], Andhra Pradesh, to Y. Vittal Pai and Susheela Pai. His father Vittal Pai was in the Indian Administrative Service.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-07-13 |title=Y. VITTAL PAI |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/y-vittal-pai/articleshow/53194775.cms |access-date=2023-12-20 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; He graduated in Hotel Management from the Institute of Hotel Management, Catering Technology &amp; Applied Nutrition, Hyderabad in 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Pai, Sound Engineer, Karnataka |url=https://www.mandy.com/in/c/nikhil-pai |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=www.mandy.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Motor sports career ==<br /> In 1992, Pai started as a club-level rally co-driver aboard a two-wheeler. His first break into the prestigious Indian National Rally Championship was in the same year when he was the co-driver for a private entry from [[Hyderabad]].<br /> <br /> In 2002, Pai and Jiby Maliakkal from [[Mumbai]] dominated the 1400cc category and won the National Champion Co-Driver award in that category. The duo won their first Overall victory in the 2003 MRF India Rally. The partnership endured for a few more years despite repeated setbacks in different rallies.<br /> <br /> In 2005, Pai teamed up with Vikram Mathias, the 2004 National Overall Champion, as part of the [[Red Rooster Racing]] team and their debut for the new team resulted in a second-place finish in the [[K1000 rally|K 1000 Rally]], a round of the National Championship (INRC) and they also came third in Pine Forest Challenge Rally held in [[Chandigarh]], also a round of INRC 2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FMSCI announces 2016 motorsport awards |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/fmsci-announces-2016-motorsport-awards-404118 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Autocar India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2009, Pai won the National Co-Driver Championship once again in the 1400cc category with Vikram Devadasen winning by a comfortable margin. By then Pai shifted base from Hyderabad to Bengaluru and won the popular K1000, a round of the INRC in 1400cc class.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-08-22 |title=Balu-Sujith lead MRF dominance |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/21103/balu-sujith-lead-mrf-dominance.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was also the time when Karna Kadur was emerging as a rally champion.<br /> <br /> Pai partnered with Sirish Chandran from Pune, then editor of India's leading auto magazine, [[Overdrive (magazine)|Overdrive]]. From 2010, the pair participated in a series of rallies, and got a first win for Volkswagen Polo in March 2013 at Chennai in the 1600cc class. Polo, which made its debut in the national championship, later went on to win the title in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mangalorean co-driver wins overall in Indian National Rally - Round 1 |url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/news/52102-mangalorean-co-driver-wins-overall-in-indian-national-rally-round-1?page=1 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=coastaldigest.com - The Trusted News Portal of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-03-24 |title=Amittrajit wins South India Rally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/amittrajit-wins-south-india-rally/article4544752.ece |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2016, Pai teamed up with [[Karna Kadur]] from [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]]. It was a turn-around year for the duo, winning not just the 2000cc category but also clinching the Overall National Rally Championship in their first year of partnership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=FMSCI announces 2016 motorsport awards |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/fmsci-announces-2016-motorsport-awards-404118 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Autocar India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2017, Pai and Karna Kadur finished 3rd in the Overall category of the Indian National Rally Championship.<br /> <br /> In 2018, Pai and Karna Kadur notched up an Overall round victory in the Coffee Day Rally at [[Chikmagalur|Chikkamagaluru]] on way to a victory in the INRC2 Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=DH |first=News Service |date=3 December 2018 |title=Kadur-Nikhil clinch crown |pages=Sports page |work=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.fmsci.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/biu-03-01.jpg |access-date=19 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; They also finished 3rd in the Overall Championship.<br /> <br /> In 2022 Pai and Karna Kadur won the Overall Championship in the Indian National Rally Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karna Kadur wins 2022 INRC, K-1000 rally as Gaurav Gill retires |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/karna-kadur-wins-2022-inrc-k-1000-rally-as-gaurav-gill-retires-426565 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Autocar India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the end of the last round of the INRC 2023, Pai had taken part in 117 INRC rounds eight of which he won and made it to the podium 62 times. His last rally appearance was at the [[K1000 rally]] in [[Tumakuru district|Tamakuru]].<br /> <br /> == Career as a sound engineer ==<br /> As a bass guitarist, Pai started his own band at the age of 18 in Hyderabad and soon developed interest and started mixing for concerts. Soon he also started his own company Orpheus in Hyderabad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Sound Engineers |url=https://www.brydenparth.com/blog/2018/3/5/the-sound-engineers |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Bryden-Parth |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; He worked on several festivals, corporate events and international tours. Currently, he is the touring sound engineer for [[Agam (band)|Agam]], the Fusion Rock Act from Bengaluru, [[Sid Sriram]], Indian Popular Music Act from Chennai/[[California]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]], Indian Actress and singer and [[Shillong Chamber Choir]], a [[Bollywood]] Choir Group. He is the [[Sound Engineer|sound engineer]] for Agam from 2014 onwards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sound Bio |url=https://www.nikhilpai.in/sound |access-date=2023-07-15 |website=Nikhil V. Pai |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == National titles ==<br /> Pai has won six National Co-Driver Championship titles. The co-driver who made his debut in 1992 won his maiden title in 2002 and is the current reigning National champion with driver Karna Kadur.<br /> <br /> * 2022 Overall winner with driver Karna Kadur;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karna Kadur wins 2022 INRC, K-1000 rally as Gaurav Gill retires |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/motor-sports-news/karna-kadur-wins-2022-inrc-k-1000-rally-as-gaurav-gill-retires-426565 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Autocar India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2018 INRC 2 winner with driver Karna Kadur;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodapati |first=David |date=2018-12-16 |title=Gaurav Gill wins Popular Rally in Kochi to bag his sixth INRC title |url=https://indiainf1.com/gaurav-gill-wins-popular-rally-in-kochi-to-bag-his-sixth-inrc-title/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=INDIA in F1 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2016 Overall winner with driver Karna Kadur;<br /> * 2016 2000cc winner with Karna Kadur;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-12-06 |title=Clinical Gill emerges champ |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/585047/clinical-gill-emerges-champ.html |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2009 1400cc winner with Vikram Devadasan;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodapati |first=David |date=2009-11-21 |title=Gill regains Speed INRC title |url=https://indiainf1.com/gill-regains-speed-inrc-title/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=INDIA in F1 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-11-23 |title=Gill wins Speed Indian National Rally Championship |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/other-sports/article/Gill-wins-Speed-Indian-National-Rally-Championship-64339 |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=PL |first=Aravind |date=23 November 2009 |title=Winner Gill awaits coronation |work=Deccan Chronicle}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 2002 1400cc winner with Jiby Maliakkal;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bodapati |first=David |date=2002-10-13 |title=Naren Kumar lifts third National crown with Ram: Rally championship |url=https://indiainf1.com/naren-kumar-lifts-third-national-crown-with-ram-rally-championship/ |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=INDIA in F1 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == International victories ==<br /> <br /> # 2022 Asia Cup Overall winner of the first round of [[Asia Pacific Rally Championship]] (Asia Cup) with Karna Kadur at the fmsci South India Rally (SIR), a round of INRC run concurrently with APRC Asia Cup round.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-03-27 |title=Karna Kadur wins South India Rally |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/top-stories/karna-kadur-wins-south-india-rally/articleshow/90478228.cms |access-date=2023-04-19 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> [https://www.facebook.com/nikhilvpai Facebook]<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Pai, Nikhil}}<br /> [[Category:1971 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian audio engineers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian rally drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Rally co-drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Bengaluru]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aditya_Ganeshwade&diff=484652 2025-08-06T01:07:21Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new a entry!</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian roll ball player}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=May 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox sportsperson<br /> | name = Aditya Ganeshwade<br /> | image = <br /> | full_name = Aditya Ganeshwade<br /> | nationality = <br /> | national_team = [[India]]<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|May|07|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | website = www.adityaganeshwade.com<br /> | sport = [[Roll Ball]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Aditya Ganeshwade''' is a professional [[roll ball]] player from [[India]]. He is the Captain of Indian [[roll ball]] team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inspiring journey of Indian roll ball team skipper Aditya Ganeshwade |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2022/apr/12/inspiring-journey-of-indian-roll-ball-team-skipper-aditya-ganeshwade-2441004.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> <br /> Aditya Ganeshwade was introduced in the field of sports at the age of two years. From an early age, Ganeshwade followed [[Sachin Tendulkar]] and wanted to achieve greatness like the legendary cricketer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Inspiring journey of Indian roll ball team skipper Aditya Ganeshwade |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2022/apr/12/inspiring-journey-of-indian-roll-ball-team-skipper-aditya-ganeshwade-2441004.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Earlier, Aditya was a [[Speed skater]] and he was also a black belt in [[Taekwondo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Athlete Aditya Ganeshwade : The Rise of the 4 times world Champion |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/indian-athlete-aditya-ganeshwade-the-rise-of-the-4-times-world-champion/cid/1849518 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Raju Dabhade the Secretary of the International Roll Ball Federation (IRBF) approached Aditya to try a new game known as [[Roll ball]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mago |first=Karishhma |date=2020-06-13 |title=NetNewsLedger - The Only Indian to Play Five Consecutive World Championships, Aditya Ganeshwade 25-year-old Young Roll Ballplayer |url=https://www.netnewsledger.com/2020/06/13/the-only-indian-to-play-five-consecutive-world-championships-aditya-ganeshwade-25-year-old-young-roll-ballplayer/,%20https://www.netnewsledger.com/2020/06/13/the-only-indian-to-play-five-consecutive-world-championships-aditya-ganeshwade-25-year-old-young-roll-ballplayer/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gradually he gained interest in [[Roll ball]] and was fascinated by the concept. Aditya was among the first players to play the [[Roll ball]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-19 |title=Captain of world cup winning team, Aditya Ganeshwade, an untold story |url=https://www.asianage.com/in-focus/190620/captain-of-world-cup-winning-team-aditya-ganeshwade-an-untold-story.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=The Asian Age}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> In Aditya's career of 17 years in roll ball, he has helped win major tournaments at national and international levels.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aditya Ganeshwade: One Of The Most Influential Indian Athletes |work=Outlook India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/outlook-spotlight-aditya-ganeshwade-one-of-the-most-influential-indian-athletes/402163}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is nominated 7 times for the [[Arjuna Award]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-15 |title=Four Times World Champion Aditya Ganeshwade Nominated for the Prestigious Arjuna Award for the Fourth Time Consecutively {{!}} 📰 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/india/news/four-times-world-champion-aditya-ganeshwade-nominated-for-the-prestigious-arjuna-award-for-the-fourth-time-consecutively-1823930.html |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=LatestLY |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Aditya holds the following world records:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Athlete Aditya Ganeshwade : The Rise of the 4 times world Champion |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/indian-athlete-aditya-ganeshwade-the-rise-of-the-4-times-world-champion/cid/1849518 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | date=2021-10-13 |title=Aditya Ganeshwade the Sachin Tendulkar of Roll Ball? |url=https://thebridge.in/featured/aditya-ganeshwade-sachin-tendulkar-of-roll-ball-25930 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * 12 goals in a single world cup match{{fact|date=August 2025}}<br /> * 33 goals in single world championship in the year of 2017{{fact|date=August 2025}}<br /> * 29 goals in single state level match, in the year of 2007{{fact|date=August 2025}}<br /> <br /> ===International career===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+International Roll Ball Goals<br /> !<br /> !Number of Goals<br /> |-<br /> |World Championship Goals<br /> |122<br /> |-<br /> |Asian Championship Goals<br /> |11<br /> |-<br /> |Total International Goals<br /> |133<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+International Roll Ball Medals<br /> !<br /> !Number of Medals<br /> |-<br /> |International Gold Medals<br /> |5<br /> |-<br /> |International Silver Medals<br /> |1<br /> |-<br /> |Total International Medals<br /> |6<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===National career===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+National Roll Ball Medals<br /> !<br /> !Number of Medals<br /> |-<br /> |National Gold Medals<br /> |12<br /> |-<br /> |National Silver Medals<br /> |4<br /> |-<br /> |Total National Medals<br /> |16<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Gaeshwade, Aditya}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:1994 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male taekwondo practitioners]]<br /> [[Category:Indian sportspeople]]<br /> [[Category:Sportspeople from Pune]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharaja_Mahip_Narayan_Singh&diff=514792 2025-07-18T05:58:15Z

<p>Commercial Noida: started new bio.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Maharaja Bahadur of Benares from 1781–1795}}<br /> [[File:Maharaja Mahip Narayan SIngh.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Mahip Narayan Singh]]<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> <br /> '''Maharaja Mahip Narayan Singh Saheb Bahadur''' succeeded the throne of Benares on 14 September 1781 . He became the ruler but under the terms of the company, which were that he should serve to dispense justice within his domains and make an annual contribution of 40 [[lakhs]]. He continued his family tradition of tussles with Britishers, who in turn labeled him incapable of governing because he refused to levy any taxes on farmers and thus refused to assist Britishers in draining wealth from India towards England,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bayly|first=C. A.|title=Rulers, townsmen, and bazaars : north Indian society in the age of British expansion, 1770–1870|date=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-31054-7|edition=1st pbk.|location=Cambridge|oclc=20698220}}&lt;/ref&gt; therefore on 27 October 1794, under a formal agreement the four ''sarkars'', or revenue districts, held by the Maharaja were transferred to the direct rule of the Company administration, leaving only the family domains under the rule of the Maharaja; in return Mahip Narayan Singh received 1 lakh per year in compensation and any surplus revenue of the ''sarkars''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mukhopadhya|first=N|title=Bharat Dharpan|year=1872|location=Varanasi|pages=60–75}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahip Narayan Singh died barely a year later and was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Udit Narayan Singh|Maharaja Sri Udit Narayan Singh Sahib Bahadur.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Foreign and Political Department |first=India. |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India |year=1892}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> <br /> {{succession box<br /> | before = Raja [[Chait Singh]]<br /> | title = Ruler of [[Benares State]]<br /> | years = 1781–1795<br /> | after = Raja [[Udit Narayan Singh]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:Maharajas of Benares]]<br /> [[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]<br /> [[Category:Narayan dynasty]]<br /> [[Category:History of Varanasi]]<br /> [[Category:1795 deaths]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kukru_block&diff=510989 2025-06-19T06:03:25Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting a post w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox settlement <br /> | name = Kukru <br /> | nickname = &lt;!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per Wikipedia:INDISCRIPT policy --&gt; <br /> | settlement_type = Community development block <br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3 <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand <br /> | coordinates = {{coord|23.1181|N|85.9756|E|display=inline,title}} <br /> | subdivision_type = Country <br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} <br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] <br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]] <br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]] <br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]] <br /> | government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]] <br /> | unit_pref = Metric <br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 136.81 <br /> | population_total = 52976 <br /> | population_as_of = 2011 <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto <br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | leader_title1 = <br /> | leader_name1 = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages <br /> | demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]] <br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] <br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] <br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30 <br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] <br /> | postal_code = 832403 <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code <br /> | area_code = 06591 <br /> | registration_plate = JH 22 <br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy <br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 62.54% <br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Ranchi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranchi]] <br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency <br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Ichagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ichagarh]] <br /> | website = {{URL|seraikela.nic.in/}} <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }} <br /> '''Kukru block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an [[Administrative divisions of India|administrative division]] in the [[Chandil subdivision]] of [[Seraikela Kharsawan district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].<br /> <br /> ==History== <br /> The British conquered [[Kolhan division|Kolhan]] in 1837 and consequently formed a new district [[Singhbhum district|Singhbhum]] with headquarters at [[Chaibasa]]. In 1854, Singhbhum “became a non-regulation district under the jurisdiction of the Lt. Governor of Bengal”. The Rajas of Porhat/ Singhbhum, Seraikela and Kharswan held sway over their kingdoms under British protection. The native states of [[Seraikela State|Seraikela]] and [[Kharsawan State|Kharsawan]] acceded to the Indian Union in 1948. Subsequently, Singhbhum district was divided into three subdivisions – Sadar, Dhalbhum and Seraikela. In 1956, along with the [[States Reorganisation Commission|reorganisation of the states]], three police stations of [[Manbhum|Manbhum district]], namely [[Patamda#Civic administration|Patamda]], [[Ichagarh#Civic administration|Ichagarh]] and [[Chandil#Civic administration|Chandil]] were transferred to Singhbhum district. While Patamda was added to Dhalbhum subdivision, Ichagarh and Chandil to Seraikela subdivision. Seraikela Kharsawan district was carved out of [[West Singhbhum district]] in 2001. The district has two subdivisions – [[Seraikela Sadar subdivision|Seraikela Sadar]] and [[Chandil subdivision|Chandil]]. The headquarters of the district is at [[Seraikela]] town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 5-7: History – British Period |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |first= P.C. |last=Roy Chaudhury |work= Pages 386-391: General Administration| publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| title= District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan| work= Brief Summary of the District| publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date= 23 November 2021| archive-date= 26 November 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan| url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Maoist activities== <br /> According to a [[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] release in 2018, Seraikela Kharswan was not included in the list of the thirty districts most affected by [[Left wing extremism]] in the country. The list includes thirteen districts of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181336 | title = Maoist and Naxal activities in the country| work = 1 August 2018| publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India| access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jharkhand Police has mentioned “Nimdih, Chandil, Chowka, Ichagarh, Tiruldih, Kharsawan and Kuchai” police station areas of Seraikela Kharsawan district as [[Naxalite]] affected.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 23 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Hemant Soren]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against [[Far-left politics|left wing extremism]], the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/26/presence-of-maoists-limited-to-only-four-regions-in-jharkhand-claims-cm-hemant-soren-2364060.html | title= Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren | publisher = The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021 | access-date = 23 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography== <br /> Kukru is located at {{coord|23.1181|N|85.9756|E|display=inline}}.<br /> <br /> The old and undivided Singhbhum district, of which the present Seraikela Kharsawan district was a part, has been described as “part of the southern fringe of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chotanagpur plateau]] and is a hilly upland tract. There are hills alternating with valleys, steep mountains, deep forests on the mountain slopes, and, in the river basins, some stretches of comparatively level or undulating country.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.128750/2015.128750.Bihar-District-Gazetteers-Singhbhum_text.pdf | title = Bihar District Gazetteers - Singhbhum |work= P.C. Roy Chaudhury | publisher = Secretariat Press, Bihar, Patna, 1958| access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It has an elevation range of {{convert|178-209|m}}. [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] and [[Kharkai River|Kharkai]] are important rivers in the district.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = District at a Glance - Geography| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Chandil Dam]] has been built across the Subarnarekha, after Karkari River joins it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://seraikela.nic.in/tourist-place/chandil-dam/ | title = Seraikela Kharsawan | work = Tourist Places – Chandil Dam| publisher = District administration | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kukru CD block is bounded by [[Baghmundi (community development block)|Baghmundi]] CD block in Purulia district in West Bengal on the north, [[Nimdih block|Nimdih]] CD block on the east, [[Ichagarh block|Ichagarh]] CD block on the south and the west.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/saraikela.html | title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Saraikela Kharsawan | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/puruliya.html| title = CD block/ Tehsil map of Puruliya | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Kukru CD block has an area of 136.81&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2024_PART_B_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikela Khasawan, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Location Code: 0256, Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Ichagarh#Civic administration|Ichagarh]] police station serves Kukru CD block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | title = District Police Profile – Seraikella Kharsawan | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 21 November 2021 | archive-date = 26 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211126112256/https://jhpolice.gov.in/seraikella-kharsawan | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The headquarters of Kukru CD block is located at [[Kukru]] village.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Seraikela Kharsawan district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 21 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> ===Population=== <br /> According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kukru CD block had a total population of 52,976, all of which were rural. There were 27,069 (51%) males and 25,907 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 8,205. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 3,345 (6.31%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 8,467 (15.98%).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy=== <br /> According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kukru CD block was 27,999 (62.54% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 17,516 (76.74% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 10,483 (47.77% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.97%.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Seraikela Kharsawan district was 68.85%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.&lt;ref name=&quot;censusindia.gov.in&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 22 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Language and religion===<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption = Languages in Kukru CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;language&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 93.82 |color1 = orchid<br /> |label2 = [[Santali language|Santali]] |value2 = 4.68 |color2 = darkturquoise<br /> |label3 = Other languages |value3 = 1.50 |color3 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue 2011'' data, in the Kukru subdistrict, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was the mother-tongue of 49,700 persons forming 93.82% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Santali language|Santali]] (2,517/ 4.75%), and persons with other languages as mother-tongue (759/ 1.43%).'Other languages' included 316 persons having [[Urdu]] as their mother-tongue.&lt;ref name=&quot;language&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10207/download/13319/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;Note: An attempt has been made to include all language groups each with at least 500 persons as their mother-tongue and only those groups with less than 500 persons as their mother-tongue are included in the “other languages” category. Comparatively smaller language groups with 200+ persons as their mother-tongue are mentioned in the text. Many languages have sub-groups. Those who are interested can see the reference for more details.&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Hindi]] is the [[official language]] in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.&lt;ref name=&quot;langoff&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=19 November 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religion in Kukru CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116<br /> |left1=<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|89.41}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|7.71}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Sarnaism|Sarna]]|maroon|2.65}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.23}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the ''Population by Religious Communities 2011'' data, in the Kukra subdistrict, [[Hindus]] numbered 47,364 and formed 89.41% of the population, followed by (number of persons and percentage of population in brackets) [[Muslims]] (4,087/ 7.71%), Other religious communities (1,414/2.67), [[Christians]] (57/ 0.11%), and persons who did not state their religion (54/ 0.10%).&lt;ref name=&quot;Religion&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=census.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Seraikela Kharsawan district, [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 255,626 and formed 24.00% of the total population. The larger groups within the scheduled tribes, with percentage of the ST population, were [[Santal people|Santals]] 50.80%, [[Ho people|Ho]] 34.87%, [[Munda people|Mundas, Patars]] 17.60% and [[Kurukh people|Oraons, Bhangar Oraons]] 4.12%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Seraikella-Kharswan, Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 Census | work = Page 30: Note on Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 19 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> ===Overview=== <br /> 70-80% of the population of Seraikela Kharsawan district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Seraikela Kharsawan district came down to 33.6%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html| title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), &quot;the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data| publisher = MPRA| accessdate = 1 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Livelihood=== <br /> {{Pie chart <br /> |caption= '''Livelihood&lt;br/&gt;in Kukru CD block''' <br /> |value1 = 37.52 <br /> |label1 = Cultivators <br /> |value2 = 48.04 <br /> |label2 = Agricultural labourers <br /> |value3 = 1.68 <br /> |label3 = Household industries <br /> |value4 = 12.76 <br /> |label4 = Other Workers}}<br /> <br /> In Kukru CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,207 and formed 37.52%, agricultural labourers numbered 13,068 and formed 48.04%, household industry workers numbered 458 and formed 1.68% and other workers numbered 3,472 and formed 12.76%. Total workers numbered 27,205 and formed 51.35% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 25,771 and formed 48.65% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Tables 30 and 33, pages 50-51, 54 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure=== <br /> There are 45 inhabited villages in Kukru CD block. In 2011, no village had power supply. 4 villages had tap water, 44 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 44 villages had hand pumps, and 1 village did not have drinking water facility. 10 villages had post offices, 1 village had a sub post office, 3 villages had telephone (land line), 11 villages had mobile phone coverage. 44 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 5 villages had bus service (public/ private), 2 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 4 villages had taxi/ vans, 24 villages had tractors. 1 village had a bank branch, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 17 villages had availability of newspapers, 24 villages had [[public distribution system|ration shops]], 7 villages had weekly [[Haat bazaar|haat]], 31 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-561, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Backward Regions Grant Fund=== <br /> Seraikela Kharsawan district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is ”designed to redress regional imbalances in development”. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 25 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education== <br /> Kukru CD block had 4 villages with pre-primary schools, 44 villages with primary schools, 33 villages with middle schools, 9 villages with secondary schools, 4 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 village with no educational facility.&lt;ref name=directory&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2024_PART_A_DCHB_SARAIKELA-KHARSAWAN.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Seraikella Kharsawan, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Pages 558-559, Appendix I Village Directory |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare== <br /> Kukru CD block had 2 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 13 villages with medicine shops.&lt;ref name=directory/&gt; <br /> &lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> == References == <br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Blocks of Seraikela Kharsawan district}} <br /> {{Kolhan Division topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Seraikela Kharsawan district]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_autonomous_higher_education_institutes_in_India&diff=465988 2025-06-09T13:40:45Z

<p>Commercial Noida: updated details</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|None}}<br /> The [[higher education]] system in [[India]] includes both [[Private university|private]] and [[Public university|public]] [[university|universities]]. Public universities are supported by the [[Government of India]] and the [[State governments in India|state governments]], while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC), which draws its power from the ''[[University Grants Commission Act, 1956]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=University Grants Commission Act, 1956|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/ugc_act.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]]|access-date=3 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, 16 Professional Councils are established, controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/pcouncil.html#ICAR |title=::: Professional Councils-Inside H E – University Grants Commission ::: |work=ugc.ac.in |access-date=11 August 2011 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106075646/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/pcouncil.html#ICAR |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The types of universities controlled by the UGC include [[Central University, India|Central universities]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/central_univ_eng |title=Central Universities |work=mhrd.gov.in |access-date=13 March 2012 |publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303143139/http://mhrd.gov.in/central_univ_eng |archive-date=3 March 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Central&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/centraluni.html |title=Central Universities |work=ugc.ac.in |access-date=6 June 2011|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[State university (India)|State universities]],&lt;ref name=State&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/State_UniversityOctober2011.pdf|title=List of State Universities|date=13 October 2011|access-date=6 November 2011|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Deemed universities]]&lt;ref name=Deemed&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/deemeduniv.html |title=:::Deemed University – University Grants Commission ::: |work=ugc.ac.in |date=23 June 2008 |access-date=6 June 2011 |publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129070530/http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/deemeduniv.html |archive-date=29 November 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Private university#India|Private universities]]&lt;ref name=Private&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/Private+University/Consolidated+List+Private+Universities+as+on+29.06.2017.pdf|title=Untitled Page|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In addition to the above universities, other institutions are granted the permission to autonomously award degrees, and while not called &quot;university&quot; by name, act as such. They usually fall under the administrative control of the Department of Higher Education. In official documents they are called &quot;autonomous bodies&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://education.nic.in/AutonomousSec.asp |title=Autonomous Bodies – Higher Education |work=education.nic.in |access-date=30 June 2011|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217231810/http://education.nic.in/AutonomousSec.asp|archive-date=17 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;university-level institutions&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ugc.ac.in/pub/12FYP.pdf|title=Inclusive and Qualitative Expansion of Higher Education|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]|page=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; or even simply &quot;other central institutions&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/univ_other_hindi|title=Other Central Institutions &amp;#124;|work=mhrd.gov.in|access-date=7 May 2012|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402053935/http://www.mhrd.gov.in/univ_other_hindi|archive-date=2 April 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Such institutes include:<br /> <br /> * [[Indian Institutes of Technology]] (IITs) are a group of autonomous engineering, science, and management institutes with special funding and administration. The ''Institutes of Technology Act, 1961'' lists twenty three IITs.&lt;ref name=&quot;IIT act&quot;&gt;{{cite web| date = 24 May 2005| url = http://www.iitb.ac.in/legal/IITsAct.pdf| title = The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961| publisher = Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay| access-date = 14 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[National Institutes of Technology]] (NITs) are a group of engineering, science, technology and management institutes with special funding and administration. They were established as &quot;Regional Engineering Colleges&quot; and upgraded in 2003 to national status and central funding. The latest act governing NITs is the ''[[National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007]]'' which declared them [[Institute of National Importance|Institutes of National Importance]]. It lists thirty one NITs.&lt;ref name=&quot;NITs&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2007/aug07/r20070814017.pdf|title=National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007|publisher=Press Information Bureau|access-date=3 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Indian Institutes of Management]] (IIMs) are a group of [[business school]]s created by the Government of India. IIMs are registered Societies governed by their respective Board of Governors. The Department of Higher Education lists 19 IIMs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.education.nic.in/tech/tech_if-me.asp|title=Technical Education – Centrally funded Institutions – Management Education|work=education.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806190350/http://www.education.nic.in/tech/tech_if-me.asp|archive-date=6 August 2011|access-date=30 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology]] (IIITs) are a group of autonomous [[information technology]] oriented institutes with special funding and administration. The ''Indian Institutes of Information Technology Act''&lt;ref name=&quot;IIIT act&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.iiitdmj.ac.in/download/IIIT%20Act%2030_of_2014.pdf| title = The Indian Institutes of Information Technology Act}}&lt;/ref&gt; lists five central and twenty public-private partnership IIITs.&lt;ref name=&quot;List of original IIIT's (Indian Institute of IT)&quot;&gt;{{cite web| url = http://mhrd.gov.in/iiits| title = List of original IIIT's (Indian Institute of IT) | format = PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Schools of Planning and Architecture]] (SPAs) are a group of [[architecture]] and [[urban planning|planning]] schools established by Ministry of HRD, Government of India. All the SPAs are premier centrally funded institution.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://mhrd.gov.in/autonomous_organisations?page=4 |title=Home: Ministry of Human Resource Development : Government of India |website=mhrd.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306200936/http://mhrd.gov.in/autonomous_organisations?page=4 |archive-date=2012-03-06}} &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research]] (IISERs) are a group of seven premier institutes established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, devoted to [[science education]] and research in [[basic sciences]]. They are broadly set on the lines of the [[Indian Institute of Science]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.education.nic.in/tech/tech_if-ise.asp |title=Technical Education – Centrally funded Institutions |work=education.nic.in |access-date=3 July 2011 |publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806045414/http://www.education.nic.in/tech/tech_if-ise.asp |archive-date=6 August 2011 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS) are a group of autonomous public medical colleges of higher education. As of 2020, these are 15 in number and are established by the [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]].<br /> * [[National Law Universities]] (NLU) are law schools established for the promotion of legal education and research. As of 2020, there are 22 NLUs in India regulated by the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]] and the [[Bar Council of India]].<br /> * [[Institute of National Importance|Institutes of National Importance]] (INIs) are institutions which are set by an act of parliament. They receive special recognition and funding. The Department of Higher Education's list includes 95 institutions including all of [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMSs]], [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IITs]], [[National Institutes of Technology|NITs]], [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|IISERs]], [[Schools of Planning and Architecture|SPAs]], [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|IIITs]] and some others like [[NIMHANS]], [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] etc. were also legally awarded the status.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/institutions-national-importance|title=University And Higher Education - Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development|website=mhrd.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=nic&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.education.nic.in/IHL/INSTITUTESNATIONALIMPORTANCE.pdf |title=The Institutes of National Importance |publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Union Human Resource Development Ministry]] |access-date=3 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007072436/http://www.education.nic.in/IHL/INSTITUTESNATIONALIMPORTANCE.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; INIs are marked below with a hash (#).<br /> *[[Institute under State Legislature Act]] (IuSLAs) are autonomous higher education institutes established or incorporated by a [[State legislature]] Act. Institutes that are ‘under State Legislature Act’ enjoy academic status and privileges like [[State university (India)|State universities]].<br /> <br /> ==Government-Funded Institutes==<br /> {{See also|Institutes of National Importance}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsible plainrowheaders&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 40%;&quot; |Institute<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 10%;&quot; |[[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 15%;&quot; |Location<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 05%;&quot; |Type<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 10%;&quot; |Established<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 15%;&quot; |Specialization<br /> &lt;!--! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width: 05%;&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Sources--&gt;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | rowspan = 12 | [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Tirupati]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 1995<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy]] <br /> | [[Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | ––&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Petroleum Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada]]<br /> | [[Vijayawada]]<br /> | [[School of Planning and Architecture|SPA]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Architecture, Planning<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Damodaram Sanjivayya National Law University]]<br /> | [[Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2008<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Sri City]]<br /> | [[Sri City]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2013<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Visakha Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 2016<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati]]<br /> | [[Tirupati]]<br /> | [[IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kurnool]]<br /> | [[Kurnool]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Information Technology<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | [[Visakhapatnam]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Tadepalligudem]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Design, Vijayawada]]<br /> | [[Vijayawada]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Design|NID]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Design<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati]]<br /> | [[Tirupati]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | rowspan = 1 | [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Yupia]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati]]<br /> | rowspan = 5 | [[Assam]]<br /> | [[Guwahati]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1994<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Design, Assam]]<br /> | [[Jorhat]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Design|NID]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2019<br /> | Design<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati]]<br /> | [[Guwahati]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Silchar]]<br /> | [[Silchar]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1967<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam]]<br /> | [[Guwahati]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2010<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Patna]]<br /> | rowspan = 8 | [[Bihar]]<br /> | [[Patna]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1924<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur]]<br /> | [[Hajipur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Patna]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 1992<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Chanakya National Law University]]<br /> | [[Patna]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | Law<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhagalpur]]<br /> | [[Bhagalpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2017<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Patna|Indian Institute of Technology, Patna]]<br /> | [[Patna]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS Patna|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna]]<br /> | [[Patna]]<br /> | [[AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya]]<br /> | [[Bodh Gaya]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Hidayatullah National Law University]]<br /> | rowspan = 5 | [[Chhattisgarh]]<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2003<br /> | Law<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Raipur]]<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Management<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai]]<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Raipur]]<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1956<br /> | Technology<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur]]<br /> | [[Raipur]]<br /> | [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]]<br /> | rowspan = 5 | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology Delhi]]<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS, New Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]]<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1956<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law University, Delhi]]<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2008<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi]]<br /> | [[Delhi]]<br /> | [[School of Planning and Architecture|SPA]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1941<br /> | Architecture, Planning<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Gujarat National Law University]]<br /> |rowspan = 7 | [[Gujarat]]<br /> | [[Gandhinagar]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2004<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar]]<br /> | [[Gandhinagar]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Forensic Sciences University]]<br /> | [[Gandhinagar]]<br /> | ––&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2020<br /> | Forensic Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Design|NID]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Design<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[Ahmedabad]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | [[Surat]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Technology<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Rohtak]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Haryana]]<br /> | [[Rohtak]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Rohtak|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Design, Haryana]]<br /> | [[Kurukshetra]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Design|NID]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Design<br /> <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra]]<br /> | [[Kurukshetra]]<br /> |[[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1963<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Mandi]]<br /> | rowspan = 3 | [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Mandi, Himachal Pradesh|Mandi]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2009<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur]]<br /> | [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1986<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Sirmaur]]<br /> | [[Sirmaur district|Sirmaur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Srinagar]]<br /> | rowspan = 4 | [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> | [[Srinagar]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Srinagar]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 1983<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Jammu]]<br /> | [[Jammu]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Jammu]]<br /> | [[Jammu]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad]]<br /> | rowspan = 7 | [[Jharkhand]]<br /> | [[Dhanbad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1926<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur]]<br /> | [[Jamshedpur]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Technology (India)|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar]]<br /> | [[Deoghar]]<br /> | [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2019<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi]]<br /> | [[Ranchi]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2014<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Ranchi]]<br /> | [[Ranchi]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Ranchi|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National University of Study and Research in Law]]<br /> | [[Ranchi]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2010<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology]]<br /> | [[Ranchi]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology|NIAMT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1966<br /> | Manufacturing Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]]<br /> | rowspan = 7 | [[Karnataka]]<br /> | [[Bangalore]]<br /> | ––&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1925<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore]]<br /> | [[Bangalore]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Bangalore|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1973<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Statistical Institute Bangalore]]<br /> | [[Bangalore]]<br /> | [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1966<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law School of India University]]<br /> | [[Bangalore]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 1987<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Karnataka]]<br /> | [[Surathkal]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology, Dharwad]]<br /> | [[Dharwad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Dharwad]]<br /> | [[Dharwad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot;|[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | [[Kerala]]<br /> |[[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> |[[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |2008<br /> |Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology]]<br /> | [[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> | ––&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1973<br /> | Medicine<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad]]<br /> |[[Palakkad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |2015<br /> |Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1996<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology Calicut]]<br /> | [[Kozhikode]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;]]<br /> | 1961<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National University of Advanced Legal Studies]]<br /> | [[Kochi]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2005<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Manipur]]<br /> |rowspan = 1 | [[Manipur]]<br /> | [[Imphal]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Indore]]<br /> |rowspan = 10 | [[Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Indore]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Indore|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1998<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law Institute University]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 1997<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Design, Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Design|NID]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2019<br /> | Design<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Indore]]<br /> | [[Indore]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2009<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur]]<br /> | [[Jabalpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2005<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior]]<br /> | [[Gwalior]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2005<br /> | Information Technology<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS Bhopal|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal]]<br /> | [[Bhopal]]<br /> | [[School of Planning and Architecture|SPA]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |2008<br /> | Architecture, Planning<br /> <br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]] <br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | [[Mumbai]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1958<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | [[Nagpur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]]<br /> | [[Pune]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2006<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Mumbai]]<br /> | [[Mumbai]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1963<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai]]<br /> | [[Mumbai]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2014<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Nagpur]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2016<br /> | Law<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Nagpur]]<br /> | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2018<br /> | Medicine<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Nagpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Information Technology<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Pune]]<br /> | [[Pune]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad]]<br /> | [[Aurangabad]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2017<br /> | Law<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Shillong]]<br /> | rowspan = 2 | [[Meghalaya]]<br /> | [[Shillong]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Shillong|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology Meghalaya]]<br /> | [[Shillong]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur]]<br /> | rowspan = 8 | [[Odisha]]<br /> | [[Berhampur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2016<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2006<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Science Education and Research Bhubaneswar|NISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[Bhubaneswar]]<br /> | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law University Odisha]]<br /> | [[Cuttack]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2009<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Rourkela|National Institute of Technology Rourkela]]<br /> | [[Rourkela]]<br /> | [[National Institutes of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Sambalpur]]<br /> | [[Sambalpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Puducherry]]<br /> | rowspan = 2 | [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]<br /> | [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2010<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research]]<br /> | [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]]<br /> | [[Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research|JIPMER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | rowspan = 7 | [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]<br /> | [[Jalandhar]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1987<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali]]<br /> | [[Mohali]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology]]<br /> | [[Sangrur]]<br /> | [[Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology|SLIET]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1989<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law]]<br /> | [[Patiala]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali]]<br /> | [[Mohali]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]]<br /> | [[Ropar]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Amritsar]]<br /> | [[Amritsar]]<br /> | [[Indian Institutes of Management|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2015<br /> | Management<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS Jodhpur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur]]<br /> | rowspan = 5 | [[Rajasthan]]<br /> | [[Jodhpur]]<br /> | [[AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Law University, Jodhpur]]<br /> | [[Jodhpur]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2001<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Udaipur]]<br /> | [[Udaipur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Udaipur|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2011<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Rajasthan]]<br /> | [[Jodhpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur]]<br /> | [[Jaipur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1963<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology Design &amp; Manufacturing Kancheepuram]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | [[Chennai]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras]]<br /> |[[Chennai]]<br /> |[[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |1959<br /> |Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Tamil Nadu National Law School]]<br /> | [[Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2013<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | [[Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2011<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | [[Tiruchirappalli]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1964<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad]]<br /> | rowspan = 5 | [[Telangana]]<br /> | [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2008<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad]]<br /> | [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Warangal]]<br /> | [[Warangal]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1959<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 1980<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[NALSAR University of Law]]<br /> | [[Hyderabad]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 1998<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Agartala]]<br /> | [[Tripura]]<br /> | [[Agartala]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2006<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow]]<br /> | rowspan = 12 | [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | [[Lucknow]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Lucknow|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1984<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli]]<br /> | [[Raebareli]]<br /> | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2013<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur ]]<br /> | [[Gorakhpur]]<br /> | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2019<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University]]<br /> | [[Lucknow]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 2005<br /> | Law<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli]]<br /> | [[Raebareli]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology]]<br /> | [[Jais]]<br /> | ––&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Petroleum Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur]]<br /> | [[Kanpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1959<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi]]<br /> | [[Varanasi]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1919<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad]]<br /> | [[Allahabad]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1999<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | [[Allahabad]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Lucknow]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 1987<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Lucknow]]<br /> | [[Institute under State Legislature Act|IuSLA]]<br /> | 2006<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Kashipur]]<br /> | rowspan = 4 | [[Uttarakhand]]<br /> | [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Kashipur|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2011<br /> | Management<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[AIIMS Rishikesh|All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh]]<br /> | [[Rishikesh]]<br /> | [[AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2012<br /> | Medicine<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]]<br /> | [[Roorkee]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1847<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand]]<br /> | [[Srinagar, Uttarakhand|Srinagar]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2009<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |[[West Bengal]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|Kalyani]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Information Technology|IIIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2014<br /> | Information Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta]]<br /> | [[Joka, Kolkata|Joka]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Management Calcutta|IIM]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1961<br /> | Management<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani]]<br /> | [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]<br /> | [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences|AIIMS]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2018<br /> | Medicine<br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata]]<br /> | [[Kolkata]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata|NIPER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2007<br /> | Pharmaceutical<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]<br /> | [[Kharagpur, West Bengal|Kharagpur]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Technology|IIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1951<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur]]<br /> | [[Howrah]]<br /> | [[ndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur|IIEST]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1856<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Statistical Institute]]<br /> | [[Kolkata, West Bengal|Kolkata]]<br /> | [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1931<br /> | Statistics<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata]]<br /> | [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]<br /> | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 2006<br /> | Science<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[National Institute of Technology, Durgapur]]<br /> | [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]]<br /> | [[National Institute of Technology|NIT]]&lt;sup&gt;#&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | 1960<br /> | Technology<br /> <br /> |-<br /> !scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]<br /> | [[Kolkata]]<br /> | [[National Law University|NLU]]<br /> | 1999<br /> | Law<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of universities in India]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Education in India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in India|*]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=1958_in_India&diff=447364 2025-06-07T00:45:39Z

<p>Commercial Noida: content fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|none}} &lt;!-- &quot;none&quot; is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive --&gt;<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Year in India|1958}}<br /> Events in the year '''1958 in the Republic of India'''.<br /> <br /> ==Incumbents==<br /> * [[President of India]] – [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br /> * [[Prime Minister of India]] – [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<br /> * [[Vice President of India]] – [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br /> * [[Chief Justice of India]] – [[Sudhi Ranjan Das]]<br /> <br /> ===Governors===<br /> * [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] – [[Bhim Sen Sachar]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Assam|Assam]] – [[Saiyid Fazal Ali]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Bihar|Bihar]] – [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Karnataka|Karnataka]] – [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Kerala|Kerala]] – [[Burgula Ramakrishna Rao]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] – [[Hari Vinayak Pataskar]]<br /> * [[List of governors of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] – [[Sri Prakasa]]<br /> * [[List of governors of Odisha|Odisha]] – [[Bhim Sen Sachar]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Punjab]] – [[Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh]] (until 15 September), [[Narahar Vishnu Gadgil]] (starting 15 September)<br /> * [[List of governors of Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] – [[Gurumukh Nihal Singh]] <br /> * [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi]] <br /> * [[List of governors of West Bengal|West Bengal]] – [[Padmaja Naidu]]<br /> <br /> ==Events==<br /> * National income - {{INR}}152,835 million<br /> * 1 January - DRDO was established<br /> * 18 February – [[Finance minister of India]] [[T. T. Krishnamachari]] resigns following [[M. C. Chagla]] Commission report on [[Haridas Mundhra]] LIC scandal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Subramanian|first=Samanth|date=2012-05-09|title=Long View: India's Very First Corruption Scandal|url=https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/09/long-view-indias-very-first-corruption-scandal/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=India Ink|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 28 February – [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] presents [[Union budget of India]] as Finance Minister. <br /> * 26 March - [[Mother India]] becomes the first ever [[Cinema of India]] to get nominated in the [[Academy Awards]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reuben |first=Bunny |title=‘Mother India’ at the Oscars: ‘The audience laughed with the characters and cried with them’ |url=https://scroll.in/reel/817262/mother-india-at-the-oscars-the-audience-laughed-with-the-characters-and-cried-with-them |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> * 29 April - [[Food poisoning]] caused by leakage of [[Insecticide|Folidol]] during transportation kills 74 in a Lok Sahayak Sena camp at [[Sasthamkotta]], [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1958-05-06 |title=STATEMENT RE DEATHS IN LOK SAHAYAK SENA CAMP AT SASTHAMKOTTA FROM SUSPECTED FOOD-POISONING |url=https://rsdebate.nic.in/handle/123456789/569845?viewItem=search |website=rsdebate.nic.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * 18 to 20 May – The 16th Session of Indian Labour Congress was held at New Delhi.<br /> * [[Vimochana Samaram]] against [[First Namboodiripad ministry]] in [[Kerala]]<br /> * Unknown date &amp;ndash; [[Reliance Industries]] was founded by [[Dhirubhai Ambani]] in [[Mumbai|Bombay (present day in Mumbai)]], as predecessor name was Reliance Commercial Corporation.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}<br /> <br /> ==Law==<br /> * 22 May – Armed Forces (Assam and Manipur) Special Powers Ordinance came into force<br /> * 11 September – [[Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act|The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958]] is passed by the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]].<br /> * 1 October – The Standards of Weights and Measures Act took effect.<br /> <br /> ==Sport==<br /> *[[Kunwar Digvijay Singh Babu]] ([[field hockey]] player) is awarded the [[Padma Shri]].<br /> *[[Milkha Singh]] ([[field athletics]] player) had won the [[gold medal]]<br /> <br /> ==Births==<br /> *5 March – [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], actor, producer, writer, director, lyricist and singer.<br /> *29 April – [[Saumen Guha]], political activist, human rights campaigner and author.<br /> *30 May {{ndash}} [[K. S. Ravikumar]], film director and actor.<br /> *15 August {{ndash}} [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil director)]], film director and actor.<br /> *16 August – [[R. R. Patil]], politician (died 2015)<br /> *19 September – [[Lucky Ali]], singer, composer and actor<br /> *2 December {{ndash}} [[Lal (actor)]], actor, director, screenwriter, producer and distributor.<br /> *17 December {{ndash}} [[Jayasudha]], actress.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[List of Bollywood films of 1958]]<br /> <br /> {{Years in India}}<br /> {{Year in Asia|1958}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1958 in India}}<br /> [[Category:1958 in India| ]]<br /> [[Category:1958 by country|India]]<br /> [[Category:Years of the 20th century in India]]<br /> [[Category:1950s in India]]<br /> [[Category:1958 in Asia]]<br /> <br /> {{India-year-stub}}</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=EVR_Periyar_Salai&diff=498043 2025-04-01T17:21:37Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Arterial road in Chennai, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox street<br /> | marker_image = <br /> | name = EVR Periyar Salai<br /> | alternate_name = Grand Western Trunk Road, Poonamallee High Road, State Highway Urban 86<br /> | namesake = [[Periyar| EVR Periyar]]<br /> | maint = [[Highways of Tamil Nadu|Highways and Minor Ports Department]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Corporation of Chennai]]<br /> | image = Park Town signal.JPG<br /> | caption = Poonamallee High Road in [[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]] (2008)<br /> | map = <br /> | length_mi = 8.7<br /> | length_round = <br /> | length_ref = <br /> | length_notes = The 8.7-mile stretch refers to the stretch from Muthuswamy Bridge near [[Madras Medical College]] at [[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]] in the east to the [[Maduravoyal Junction]] in the west. The stretch continues further west to a national highway (NH4).<br /> | established = <br /> | decommissioned = <br /> | direction_a = East<br /> | terminus_a = Muthuswamy Bridge near [[Madras Medical College]] at [[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]], [[Chennai]]<br /> | junction = <br /> | direction_b = West<br /> | terminus_b = Maduravoyal bypass junction, [[Chennai]]<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|13.0746|N|80.2198|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ''' EVR Periyar Salai (SHU 86)'''(EVR High Road),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/whats-in-a-name/article5048779.ece| title = What’s in a name? - The Hindu}} &lt;/ref&gt; earlier known as '''Poonamallee High Road''' '''([[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]])''' and originally the '''Grand Western Trunk Road''', is an arterial road in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is the longest road in Chennai. Running from east to west, the {{convert|14|km|mi|adj=on}} road starts at Muthuswamy Bridge near [[Madras Medical College]] at [[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]] and ends near [[Maduravoyal Junction]] via [[Kilpauk]], [[Aminjikarai]], [[Anna Nagar twin arches|Anna Nagar Arch]], [[Arumbakkam]], [[Koyambedu]]. It further continues west towards [[Poonamallee]] and traverses the towns of [[Sriperumbudur]], [[Walajapet]], and [[Ranipet]].<br /> <br /> The road, particularly along its eastern end, has some of the most impressive civic institutions and [[Heritage structures in Chennai|heritage structures]] of the city, including the [[Ripon Building]] (the seat of civic body), the [[Victoria Public Hall]] (the city's Town Hall), the [[Chennai Central|Central train station]], the [[Moore Market]] (razed in the late 20th century), [[Madras Medical College]], and [[St Andrew's Church, Chennai|St Andrew's Kirk]].<br /> <br /> It connects two of the vital transport installations of the city, [[Chennai Central]] railway station and the [[CMBT]]. The road has more hospitals than any other roads in the city and is popularly known as the city's 'Med street'. The road is named after the noted social activist and politician [[Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news<br /> | last = Ramkumar <br /> | first = Pratiksha <br /> | title = Hospitals go in for specialty makeover <br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | date = 9 February 2013 <br /> | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Hospitals-go-in-for-specialty-makeover/articleshow/18409743.cms<br /> | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130411033732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-09/chennai/37007034_1_specialty-hospitals-general-hospitals-beds<br /> | url-status = live<br /> | archive-date = 11 April 2013<br /> | newspaper = [[The Times of India]]<br /> | access-date = 11 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> The road was originally known as Grand Western Trunk (GWT) Road and was built in the 1850s by the then British government.&lt;ref name=&quot;TH_GWTRoad&quot;/&gt; The road was numbered as [[National Highway 4 (India, old numbering)|NH4]] and was locally known as the Poonamallee High Road.&lt;ref name=&quot;TH_GWTRoad&quot;&gt;{{cite news<br /> | last = <br /> | first = <br /> | title = 'Grand Western Trunk Road is old name of EVR Periyar Salai'<br /> | newspaper = The Hindu<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | publisher = Kasturi &amp; Sons<br /> | date = 14 April 2021<br /> | url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/grand-western-trunk-road-is-old-name-of-evr-periyar-salai/article34314273.ece<br /> | access-date = 14 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Originally built to connect [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]] to a British military installation some 23 kilometers west of the city, it remained the city's longest road.<br /> <br /> When the city of Madras became the most prominent port city, arterial roads emerged from the city's center traversing in all the three directions. The roads that traversed north, west and south were respectively named the Grand Northern Trunk (GNT) Road, the Grand Western Trunk (GWT) Road, and the Grand Southern Trunk (GST) Road. The GNT Road eventually became the Chennai–Kolkata Highway, the GWT Road became the Chennai–Mumbai Highway (NH4), and the GST Road became the Chennai–Kanyakumari Highway (NH45). The stretches of these road within the city came to be known as [[Wall Tax Road, Chennai|Wall Tax Road]], Poonamallee High Road, and [[Anna Salai|Mount Road]], respectively.&lt;ref name=&quot;TH_GWTRoad&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==The road==<br /> EVR Periyar Salai is {{convert|6|m|ft|spell=in}} wide in most stretches, except for the stretch between [[Koyambedu]] and [[Anna Nagar twin arches|Anna Nagar Arch]], which has only four lanes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Traffic happier as PH Road widened | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | date = 5 March 2013 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/traffic-happier-as-ph-road-widened/article4476120.ece?ref=sliderNews | access-date = 6 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The width of the road varies from two to nine lanes or from {{convert|12|to|35|m|ft}}. The road narrows at the stretches between [[Ripon Building]] and [[Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai|Government Fine Arts College]], [[Pachaiyappa's College]] and Shenoy Nagar junction, and [[DG Vaishnav College]] and Koyambedu. The road has not been widened since the 1980s.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI_90MinNightmare&quot;/&gt; The road is used by more than 185,000 vehicles every day. Heavy containers from and to the [[Chennai Port]] use this road at night, making it one of the heavily worn roads of the city and necessitating regular re-laying.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Re-laying of Poonamallee High Road begins | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | date = 3 February 2014 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/relaying-of-poonamallee-high-road-begins/article5646313.ece | access-date = 9 Feb 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2008, about 11,000&amp;nbsp;passenger cars cross any given point of the road every hour. As of 2013, this has been projected to 19,000 passenger cars, more than five times the designed capacity of the road.&lt;ref name=&quot;TOI_90MinNightmare&quot;&gt;{{cite news | last = Mariappan | first = Julie | title = 90-minute nightmare to cross nine kilometres | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | date = 6 March 2013 | url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOICH/2013/03/06&amp;PageLabel=2&amp;EntityId=Ar00200&amp;ViewMode=HTML | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095521/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOICH/2013/03/06&amp;PageLabel=2&amp;EntityId=Ar00200&amp;ViewMode=HTML | url-status = dead | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | access-date = 6 Mar 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Bridges==<br /> [[File:Ripon Building panorama.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Panorama of the Ripon Building]]<br /> [[File:GH Chennai.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Government General Hospital]]<br /> [[File:Chennai Central .jpg|thumb|right|200px|Chennai Central railway station]]<br /> [[File:Victoria Public Hall, Chennai.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Victoria Public Hall]]<br /> [[File:Chennai Moore Market Station.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Moore Market Complex Building]]<br /> [[File:St Andrews Church - The Kirk.jpg|thumb|right|200px|St Andrews Church]]<br /> [[File:Southern Railway HQ.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Southern Railways headquarters building]]<br /> <br /> In 2011, the bridge across [[Cooum River]] at Aminjikkarai was widened at a cost of {{INR}} 69 million.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}<br /> <br /> In 2013, a new and wider bridge on the road across the Cooum river near [[Ampa Skywalk]] was planned at an estimated cost of {{INR}} 80 million under the Chennai Metropolitan Development Programme (CMDP). The 47-m-long bridge with 10 lanes, which will be the third &quot;high-level bridge&quot; over the river, will be broader than the road with 6 lanes. The bridge, at road level, will be at a height of 9.5&amp;nbsp;m from the riverbed. The bridge will have the same design as the old one abutting it, with two abutments and two piers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news<br /> | last = Hemalatha<br /> | first = Karthikeyan<br /> | title = Poonamallee road to get wider bridge over Cooum<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | date = 25 June 2013<br /> | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-25/chennai/40185105_1_new-bridge-second-bridge-highways-department<br /> | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130630124748/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-25/chennai/40185105_1_new-bridge-second-bridge-highways-department<br /> | url-status = dead<br /> | archive-date = 30 June 2013<br /> | newspaper = [[The Times of India]]<br /> | access-date = 30 Jun 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =='Med street'==<br /> With several hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and diagnostic laboratories dotting its entire length, EVR Periyar Salai is often called Chennai's 'med street', similar to [[London]]'s [[Harley Street]]. The establishment of two of the major government-run hospitals, the [[Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai|Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital]] and the [[Kilpauk Medical College|Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital]], remains a significant reason behind the road's morphing into a medical destination. The stretch is also home to Pandalai Nursing Home, one of the earliest private hospitals in the city, established in 1932, prior to which all hospitals were run by either the British or missionaries. Many private healthcare centres were opened since then, such as [[B M Sundaravadanan]] Nursing Home in 1934 and Ramarau Polyclinic in 1938, which had one of the earliest X-ray units. The stretch also has about 25 standalone pharmacies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu_DocsDreamDestination&quot;&gt;{{Cite news<br /> | last = Josephine M. <br /> | first = Serena <br /> | title = P.H. Road remains doctors' dream destination <br /> | newspaper = The Hindu<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | date = 10 March 2014 <br /> | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/ph-road-remains-doctors-dream-destination/article5767689.ece<br /> | access-date = 27 Mar 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traffic==<br /> As of 2014, the arterial stretch carries around 250,000 vehicles a day, of which two-wheelers constituted 60 percent, cars 30 percent, and buses and other heavy vehicles the remaining.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu_AlignmentFixedForElevatedCorridor&quot;&gt;{{Cite news<br /> | last = Ramakrishna <br /> | first = Deepa H. <br /> | title = Alignment fixed for elevated corridor in Chennai<br /> | newspaper = The Hindu<br /> | location = Chennai<br /> | date = 28 October 2014 <br /> | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/alignment-fixed-for-elevated-corridor-in-chennai/article6538895.ece<br /> | access-date = 1 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Landmarks==<br /> Major landmarks dotting the road include the following:<br /> <br /> * [[Madras Medical College]]<br /> * [[Southern Railway headquarters, Chennai|Southern Railway headquarters]]<br /> * [[Government General Hospital]]<br /> * [[Chennai Central railway station]]<br /> * [[Moore Market Complex]]<br /> * [[Chennai Park railway station]]<br /> * [[Victoria Public Hall]]<br /> * [[Ripon Building]]<br /> * Siddique Sarai (built 1921)<br /> * [[Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai|Government Fine Arts College]]<br /> * [[Chennai Traffic Police Headquarters]]<br /> * [[St Andrew's Church, Chennai|St. Andrew's Church]] (built 1821)<br /> * [[Wesley Church, Chennai|Wesley Church]]<br /> * [[Nehru Park, Chennai|Nehru Park]]<br /> * [[Sangam Theatre Complex]]<br /> * [[Kumaran Hospital, Chennai|Kumaran Hospital]]<br /> * [[Kilpauk Medical College|Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital]]<br /> * [[Ega Theatre]]<br /> * [[Pachaiyappa's College]]<br /> * [[St. Georges Higher Secondary School]]<br /> * [[Ampa Skywalk|Ampa Skywalk mall]]<br /> * [[Government Hospital of Indian Medicine]]<br /> * [[Anna Arch]]<br /> * [[Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College]]<br /> * [[Koyambedu grade separator]]<br /> * [[Rohini Theatre Complex]]<br /> * [[Maduravoyal grade separator]]<br /> * [[Sindhi College]]<br /> * [[ACS Medical College and Hospital]]<br /> * [[Saveetha Dental College]]<br /> <br /> ==Widening==<br /> In May 2013, a 300-m stretch of the road at Shenoy Nagar near Aminjikarai which acted as a bottleneck was widened, following a Madras High Court ruling. Officials of the state highways department cleared the encroachments that had reduced the width of the road.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last = Selvaraj | first = A. | title = Highways pulls down shops, widens road near Aminjikarai | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | date = 1 May 2013 | url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOICH/2013/05/01&amp;PageLabel=4&amp;EntityId=Ar00403&amp;ViewMode=HTML | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130630104209/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&amp;Source=Page&amp;Skin=TOINEW&amp;BaseHref=TOICH/2013/05/01&amp;PageLabel=4&amp;EntityId=Ar00403&amp;ViewMode=HTML | url-status = dead | archive-date = 30 June 2013 | access-date = 5 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Future projects==<br /> In the early 2000s, [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] (CMDA) conceived an idea of a 6.5-km stretch connecting the two arterial stretches of Poonamallee High Road and [[Anna Salai]] in the city. The idea is to create a traffic corridor connecting Anna Salai and Poonamallee High Road through the congested neighbourhoods of Chetpet, Nungambakkam and T. Nagar. In 2014, the Corporation modified the original alignment to create two corridors, namely, a 3.5-km stretch from Anna Salai to Mahalingapuram and a 3-km flyover connecting Thirumalai Pillai Road and Poonamallee High Road (covering five traffic bottlenecks in Chetpet junction, Sterling Road junction, Tank Bund Road junctions and Valluvar Kottam High Road junction).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last = Xavier Lopez | first = Aloysius | title = Anna Salai-P.H. Road corridor idea takes shape | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | date = 7 February 2014 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/anna-salaiph-road-corridor-idea-takes-shape/article5661585.ece | access-date = 9 Feb 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2014, the highways department fixed the alignment of a 5.18-km-long, 4-laned elevated corridor that will take off at Raja Muthiah Salai, near Ripon Buildings, and descend near Pulla Reddy Avenue in [[Shenoy Nagar]]. The project has been estimated to cost {{INR}}4,500 million.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu_AlignmentFixedForElevatedCorridor&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|India}}<br /> * [[Transport in Chennai]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Roads of Chennai}}<br /> {{Chennai Topics}}<br /> {{Transport in Chennai}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Roads in Chennai]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_constituency_wise_results_of_2021_West_Bengal_Legislative_Assembly_election&diff=445607 2024-11-04T05:09:29Z

<p>Commercial Noida: redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Results of the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jay_Vijayan&diff=505909 2024-10-24T13:15:30Z

<p>Commercial Noida: starting the info basic info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian-American entrepreneur}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Jay Vijayan<br /> | image = Jay Vijayan.jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = Jayaprakash Vijayan<br /> | birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|48|2020|10|29}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | citizenship = [[United States]]<br /> | education = [[University of Madras]] ([[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]], [[Master of Science|M.Sc.]])<br /> | occupation = Founder &amp; CEO, [[Tekion Corp]]<br /> | parents = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Jayaprakash''' &quot;'''Jay'''&quot; '''Vijayan''' (born {{birth based on age as of date|48|2020|10|29|noage=1}})&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot; /&gt; is a US-based entrepreneur, engineer, inventor, and investor. He is the founder and CEO of [[Tekion Corp]], a [[Software as a service|SaaS]] company based in the United States. Prior to founding Tekion, he served as [[chief information officer]] (CIO) at [[Tesla Motors]]. He also worked for [[VMware]] and [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Nandita |date=2020-10-21 |title=Tekion joins the unicorn club |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/former-tesla-cio-jay-vijayan-s-startup-tekion-turns-unicorn-11603280432589.html |website=Mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 20, 2024 |title=Will be profitable by 2025, a higher priority than IPO: Tekion CEO Jay Vijayan |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/technology/will-be-profitable-by-2025-a-higher-priority-than-ipo-tekion-ceo-jay-vijayan-article-12826073.html |work=Moneycontrol}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Jay was born in [[Chennai]], into a [[Tamils|Tamil family]], to K. Vijayan and V. Umadevi. His father operated a computer science training and coaching institute in the city.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1212&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Meet Jayaprakash Vijayan - The man who keeps Tesla charged up |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/passenger-vehicle/cars/meet-jayaprakash-vijayan-the-man-who-keeps-tesla-charged-up/articleshow/45210800.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jay completed his education at AVM Matriculation and Avichi Higher Secondary Schools. Subsequently, he pursued his higher studies at the [[University of Madras|University of Madras in Chennai]], where he earned both a [[Bachelor of Science]] and a [[Master of Science]] degree.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ahmad |first=Samreen |date=2020-10-21 |title=Former Tesla CIO Jay Vijayan's start-up Tekion joins unicorn club |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/former-tesla-cio-jay-vijayan-s-start-up-tekion-joins-unicorn-club-120102101176_1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Career ==<br /> Jay started his career at Bahwan CyberTek before moving to Singapore and finally to the United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Balachandran |first1=Manu |date=October 29, 2020 |title=How Jay Vijayan—a Politician's Son, Geology Grad And Former Tesla Techie—built The World's Newest Unicorn |language=en |work=Forbes India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/how-jay-vijayana-politicians-son-geology-grad-and-former-tesla-techiebuilt-the-worlds-newest-unicorn/63813/1}}&lt;/ref&gt; After a brief stint at Bahwan CyberTek, he joined [[City Developments Limited]], a private company headquartered in Singapore, and also completed Oracle database certification programs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot; /&gt; He worked at Oracle in the US from 1999 to 2007 as a programmer, and later a senior manager.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2007, Jay left Oracle for [[VMware]], a California-based [[cloud computing]] and [[Hardware virtualization|virtualization technology]] company, where he served as senior director from 2007 to 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2019 |title=HyreCar names former Tesla CIO Vijayan to board |url=https://www.autoremarketing.com/ar/hyrecar-names-former-tesla-cio-vijayan-board/ |website=Auto Remarketing}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |last2= |first2= |title=HyreCar Appoints Former Tesla CIO to Board of Directors |url=https://www.autorentalnews.com/330706/hyrecar-appoints-former-tesla-cio-to-board-of-directors |website=Auto Rental News}}&lt;/ref&gt; He led the application development of all business applications for VMware.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=2020-10-22 |title=This former Tesla CIO just raised $150 million more to pull car dealers into the 21st century |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/21/this-former-tesla-cio-just-raised-150-million-more-to-pull-car-dealers-into-the-21st-century/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Bruce |title=Ex Tesla CIO Jay Vijayan Builds Tekion To Improve Car Buying Experience |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucerogers/2023/05/02/ex-tesla-cio-jay-vijayan-builds-tekion-to-improve-car-buying-experience/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2012, VMware reported a revenue of US$3.77 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=VMware posts first billion dollar quarter |url=https://www.edgemiddleeast.com/business/587724-vmware-posts-first-billion-dollar-quarter |work=Edge Middle East}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=PK |first=Jayadevan |date=2014-11-20 |title=Meet Jayaprakash Vijayan - The man who keeps Tesla charged up |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/meet-jayaprakash-vijayan-the-man-who-keeps-tesla-charged-up/articleshow/45210800.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From 2012 to 2016, Jay served as the CIO at [[Tesla Motors]]. In this role, he reported directly to CEO [[Elon Musk]]. Jay and his team were responsible for managing Tesla's digital and information systems.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13132&quot; /&gt; He is credited with building Warp, Tesla's home-grown [[Enterprise resource planning|ERP system]]. It integrates e-commerce and back-end management software, designed to support Tesla's direct approach to selling and servicing cars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=King |first=Rachael |date=2016-04-04 |title=Tesla Motors CIO Leaves to Launch Stealth Startup |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2016/04/04/tesla-motors-cio-leaves-to-launch-stealth-startup/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=King |first=Rachael |date=2014-05-15 |title=At Tesla, Software Takes the Driver's Seat |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2014/05/15/at-tesla-software-takes-the-drivers-seat/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In early 2016, Jay left Tesla to found Tekion Corp, a [[Software as a service|SaaS]] company that operated in [[stealth mode]] up until late 2019. Tekion is a cloud technology company focused on the automobile retail industry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Nandita |date=2020-10-21 |title=Tekion joins the unicorn club |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/former-tesla-cio-jay-vijayan-s-startup-tekion-turns-unicorn-11603280432589.html |access-date= |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Longtime Tesla Motors CIO Jay Vijayan has formed a stealth startup |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/04/04/longtime-tesla-motors-cio-jay-vijayan-has-formed-a-stealth-startup/}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2020, Tekion Corp raised $150 million as part of its series C funding round led by private equity firm [[Advent International]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Nandita |date=2020-10-21 |title=Tekion joins the unicorn club |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/former-tesla-cio-jay-vijayan-s-startup-tekion-turns-unicorn-11603280432589.html |website=Mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tekion turns unicorn with $150 million funding led by Advent International |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/tekion-turns-unicorn-with-150-million-funding-led-by-advent-international/articleshow/78788507.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, Tekion secured $250 million in a Series D financing round from Alkeon Capital and Durable Capital, resulting in a valuation of over $3.5 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=5 October 2021 |title=Tekion raises $250 m in Series D |language=en |work=[[Business Line]] |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/tekion-raises-250-m-in-series-d/article36844743.ece}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=5 October 2021 |title=Tekion raises $250mn in Series D funding round; valuation nearly triples |work=[[Business Standard]] |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/tekion-raises-250mn-in-series-d-funding-round-valuation-nearly-triples-121100501196_1.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2024, Jay announced that his company raised $200 million from [[Dragoneer Investment Group]], bringing its valuation to over $4 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-07-17 |title=Tekion raises $200mn from Dragoneer, valued at $4 bn |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/tekion-raises-200mn-from-dragoneer-valued-at-4-bn/articleshow/111793188.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Car companies such as [[General Motors]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GM to launch EV digital retail tool powered by Tekion |url=https://www.autonews.com/retail/gm-launch-ev-digital-retail-tool-powered-tekion#:~:text=GM%20was%20an%20early%20investor,franchised%20dealerships%20in%20late%202019. |website=Automotive News}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai Motors]], [[Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance|Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi]], Exor, the parent company of Stellantis, which owns [[Citroën]], [[Fiat]], [[Jeep]], [[Maserati]], [[Ram Trucks]], as well as [[Ferrari]], and BMWi Ventures have also invested in Tekion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Loizos |first=Connie |date=2021-10-05 |title=Tekion, the automotive retail platform headed by a former Tesla CIO, just tripled in value |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/05/tekion-the-automotive-retail-platform-headed-by-a-former-tesla-cio-just-tripled-in-value/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-10-22 |title=Former Tesla CIO Jay Vijayan's Tekion turns a unicorn with $150 million funding |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/150mn-round-values-cloud-co-tekion-at-1bn/articleshow/78799591.cms |access-date=2023-11-03 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jay served on the board of [[NIC Inc.]], a digital government service provider for U.S. federal and state governments,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About NIC (EGOV) and eGovernment Solutions {{!}} NIC |url=https://www.egov.com/who-we-are.html |access-date=2021-02-05 |website=www.egov.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=High |first1=Peter |date=19 June 2018 |title=Former CIOs Of Tesla And The U.S. Government Join Board Of NIC |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2018/06/19/former-cios-of-tesla-and-the-us-government-join-board-of-nic/?sh=7e476de22b5e |work=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and also sat on the advisory board at Sibros, an over-the-air platform connected to vehicle systems, in the past. He is currently the Chairperson of the Board at Tekion Corp.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Garsten |first1=Ed |date=July 19, 2021 |title=Tesla Ties Leads To German Solar Electric Car Company Choosing Sibros Connectivity Platform |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/edgarsten/2021/07/19/tesla-ties-leads-to-german-solar-electric-car-company-choosing-sibros-connectivity-platform/?sh=1b8caa8138a3 |work=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and recognition ==<br /> In 2014, Jay received the Tamil American Pioneer – Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Engineering/Science from the [[Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America|Federation of Tamil Sangams of North American]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jay Vijayan: TiECon Midwest 2016 |url=http://archive.tiecondetroit.org/2016/jay-vijayan.php |website=archive.tiecondetroit.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jay has several patents granted by the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] (USPTO).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Vijayan; Jayaprakash Patent Filings |work=uspto.report |url=https://uspto.report/company/Vijayan-Jayaprakash}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=24 December 2020 |title=3d Vehicle Model Data Capturing and Retrieving for Vehicle Inspection, Service and Maintenance |work=FreePatentsOnline |url=https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2020/0402327.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Patents Assigned to TEKION CORP - Justia Patents Search |work=patents.justia.com |url=https://patents.justia.com/assignee/tekion-corp}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2023, he was recognized as an Automotive News All-Star for Digital Retail by Automotive News.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.autonews.com/awards/2023-automotive-news-all-stars-0|title=2023 Automotive News All Stars - Automotive News|date=|work=Automotive News|access-date=2023-05-12|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> <br /> {{As of|2014|November}}, Jay lives in Palo Alto with his wife and two children.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=PK|first=Jayadevan|title=Meet Jayaprakash Vijayan - The man who keeps Tesla charged up|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/meet-jayaprakash-vijayan-the-man-who-keeps-tesla-charged-up/articleshow/45210800.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-06-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; He leads Tekion’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts through different activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-09-01 |title=Tekion and Praana adopt tiger at Bannerghatta Biological Park |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/tekion-and-praana-adopt-tiger-at-bannerghatta-biological-park/article68586140.ece |access-date= |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> * [https://canadianautodealer.ca/2022/07/jay-vijayan-founder-ceo-tekion-corp-visits-canadian-auto-dealer-for-a-sit-down-interview/ Jay Vijayan, Founder, CEO Tekion Corp visits Canadian auto dealer for a sit-down interview]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Vijayan, Jay}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:University of Madras alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:American people of Indian Tamil descent]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian chief executives]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biswamohan_Debbarma&diff=455738 2024-09-04T13:34:21Z

<p>Commercial Noida: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox military person<br /> | name = Biswamohan Debbarma<br /> | image =<br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_date = 1968 &lt;!-- {{Birth-date and age| DATE }} --&gt;<br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death-date and age| DEATH DATE | BIRTH DATE }} --&gt;<br /> | placeofburial_label = <br /> | placeofburial = <br /> | birth_place =<br /> | death_place =<br /> | placeofburial_coordinates = &lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --&gt;<br /> | nickname =<br /> | allegiance = [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]]<br /> | branch =<br /> | serviceyears =<br /> | rank = [[Chairman]]<br /> | unit =<br /> | commands =<br /> | battles =<br /> | awards =<br /> | relations =<br /> | laterwork =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Biswamohan Debbarma''' declared himself as a chairman of the [[National Liberation Front of Tripura]] of his own faction.&lt;ref name='bhaumik'&gt;{{cite news | first=Subir | last=Bhaumik | title=Tripura rebels surrender | date=2004-05-06 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/south_asia/3689925.stm | work =BBC | accessdate = 2009-03-15 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name='pressrelease'&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=47616|title=Policy for Solving Insurgency Problem in NE|publisher=[[India Press Information Bureau]]|date=2009-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; In May 2017 in a meeting at an undisclosed location, selected Subir Debbarma alias Yamorok (45), as the new 'president' of the organization hence renamed NLFT SD which later signed a Memo of Settlement with Govt. of India on 10 August 2019. He was wanted by [[India]] and [[Interpol]] for crimes against life and health, and crimes involving the use of weapons/explosives, but was captured by Security forces in a hideout in Bangladesh.&lt;ref name='wantedinterpol'&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/2003/40/2003_54740.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210092754/http://www.interpol.int/public/Data/Wanted/Notices/Data/2003/40/2003_54740.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-02-10 |title=DEBBARMA, Biswamohan |accessdate=2009-03-15 |publisher=[[Interpol]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cbi.gov.in/rnotice/A-1367-12-2003.htm |title=DEBBARMA, Biswamohan |accessdate=2009-03-15 |publisher=[[Central Bureau of Investigation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207043216/http://www.cbi.gov.in/rnotice/A-1367-12-2003.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://tripurapolice.nic.in/aw3.asp?sn1=29 |title=Biswamohan Debbarma |accessdate=2009-03-15 |publisher=[[Tripura Police]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409235818/http://www.tripurapolice.nic.in/aw3.asp?sn1=29 |archive-date=2009-04-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 4 September 2024, he signed the [[2024 Tripura Peace Accord]] along with ATTF and the Government of India ending the 35 year old [[Insurgency in Tripura]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Historic Peace Agreement Signed Between the Governments of India, Tripura, NLFT &amp; ATTF at New Delhi|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2024/09/04/historic-peace-agreement-signed-between-the-governments-of-india-tripura-nlft-attf-at-new-delhi/|access-date=2024-09-04|website=Northeast Now}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Debbarma, Biswamohan}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Tripuri nationalism]]<br /> [[Category:1968 births]]<br /> [[Category:Crime in Tripura]]<br /> [[Category:Tripuri independence activists]]<br /> <br /> {{India-activist-stub}}</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pratap_Dhavala&diff=526474 2024-06-29T14:07:38Z

<p>Commercial Noida: Starting New Info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox royalty<br /> |name = Pratap Dhavala<br /> |title = Nayak <br /> |image = <br /> |caption = <br /> |succession = <br /> |reign = <br /> |predecessor = <br /> |successor = [[Shri Pratapa]]<br /> |birth_date = <br /> |birth_place = <br /> |Coronation = <br /> |death_date = <br /> |death_place = <br /> |spouse = <br /> |issue = <br /> |dynasty = [[Khayaravala dynasty|Khayaravala]]<br /> |father = <br /> |mother = <br /> |religion = [[Hinduism]]<br /> |regent = <br /> |reg-type = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pratap Dhavala''' was [[Khayaravala dynasty|Khayaravala]] king in 12th century. There are inscription of Pratapdhavala in Phulwaria, Tutrahi fall rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1214, [[Maa Tara Chandi Temple|Tarachandi]] rock inscription of Vikram Samvat 1225.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CenDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT41|title=Majestic Monuments of India: Ancient Indian Mega Structures|accessdate=22 December 2019|last1=Prabhu|first1=T. L.|date=4 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQFvks7lahoC&amp;pg=PA61|title=bonded Histories: Genealogies of Labor Servitude in Colonial Indiaq|isbn=9780521526586|accessdate=22 December 2019|last1=Prakash|first1=Gyan|date=30 October 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA10|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|accessdate=22 December 2019|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|date=19 August 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;THE KHAYARAVĀLA DYNASTY&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|jstor = 44303949|title = The Khayaravāla Dynasty|last1 = Niyogi|first1 = Rama|journal = Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|year = 1951|volume = 14|pages = 117–122}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_national_mosques&diff=452755 2024-06-22T15:07:17Z

<p>Commercial Noida: expanded references additionally and corrected details for clarity</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Lists of mosques]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adi,_Galo&diff=484598 2023-05-13T16:22:58Z

<p>Commercial Noida: new redirect</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Adi people]]</div>

Commercial Noida https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhilai_Nagar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)&diff=475168 2022-05-12T07:09:22Z

<p>Commercial Noida: updated citations further and fixed typos after review</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Bhilai Nagar Assembly constituency]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

Commercial Noida