Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Sathish Christopher

2026-05-07T20:40:42Z

ClayAcosta: New New Info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''K. Sathish Christopher''' (born 1985) is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr.Sathish Christopher, RADHAPURAM constituency, TVK, Tamilnadu Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Tamilnadu2026/dr-sathish-christopher-1068/ |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from Radhapuram in Tirunelveli district representing [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]] (TVK).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Radhapuram Election Result 2026 Live: TVK's Sathish Christopher defeats DMK's Appavu.M with 12216 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/radhapuram-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-tamil-nadu-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-tnaelb-2905859-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Radhapuram Assembly Election Results 2026 Live Updates: TVK's Dr.Sathish Christopher wins the seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/tamil-nadu/radhapuram-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-dmks-m-appavu-tvks-k-satheesh-christopher-and-bjps-shri-s-p-balakrishnan-are-contesting-for-this-seat-among-others/liveblog/130702921.cms |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Christopher is from [[Tirunelveli district]], Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Ambasamudram, Radhapuram, Tirunelveli election results {{!}} Live updates |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ambasamudram-radhapuram-tirunelveli-election-results-live-tamil-nadu-election-seats-live-updates-winners-101777874473128.html |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

He became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Radhapuram Assembly constituency]] representing TVK. He polled 69947 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[M. Appavu]] of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], by a margin of 12313 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2026: Full list of winners and losers from TVK, DMK & AIADMK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-election-results-2026-full-list-of-winners-and-losers-from-tvk-dmk-aiadmk/articleshow/130763720.cms |access-date=2026-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2026: Full list of winners and losers from TVK, DMK & AIADMK |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-election-results-2026-full-list-of-winners-and-losers-from-tvk-dmk-aiadmk/articleshow/130763720.cms |access-date=2026-05-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christopher, Sathish}}

[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:People from Tirunelveli district]]

Chakulia Assembly constituency

2026-05-07T10:53:04Z

ClayAcosta: Creating a details!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chakulia
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Chakulia.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Chakulia Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Uttar Dinajpur district|Uttar Dinajpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raiganj]]
| constituency_no = 31
| established = 2011
| electors = 233,378
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Chakulia Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Uttar Dinajpur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 31 Chakulia Assembly constituency covers [[Goalpokhar II]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]] (CBD) and Bazargaon I and Bazargaon II [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Karandighi (Community development block)|Karandighi]] CBD.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 2 July 2014 | work = West Bengal | publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Chakulia Assembly constituency is part of No. 5. [[Raiganj (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"
!Election
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Ali Imran Ramz]]'''
| {{Full party name with color|All India Forward Bloc|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| Rowspan="2" |'''[[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakulia}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=[[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
|party=Trinamool Congress
|votes=90,277
|percentage=45.33
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=Manoj Kumar Jain
|party=Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes=62,266
|percentage=31.26
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate=[[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]]
|party=Indian National Congress
|votes=40,346
|percentage=20.26
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes =1724
|percentage = 0.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =28,11
|percentage =14.06
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =199.125
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Chakulia}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Minhajul Arfin Azad]]
|votes = 86,311
|percentage = 49.78
|change = +25.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sachin Prasad
|votes = 52,474
|percentage = 30.26
|change = +5.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]]
|votes = 28,704
|percentage = 16.55
|change = -26.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Goutam Paul
|votes = 2,725
|percentage = 1.57
|change = -4.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,186
|percentage = 0.68
|change = -0.39
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Mazhar Imam
|votes = 1,046
|percentage = 0.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Kamkshya Sarkar
|votes = 954
|percentage = 0.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 173,400
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = All India Forward Bloc
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, [[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]] of AIFB defeated his nearest rival Ashim Kumar Mridha of BJP.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Chakulia constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 1 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=31| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130606020827/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=31| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 6 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Chakulia| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]]
|votes = 64,185
|percentage = 42.65
|change = -9.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ashim Kumar Mridha
|votes = 36,656
|percentage = 24.36
|change = +21.12
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Alema Noorie
|votes = 36,198
|percentage = 24.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Goutam Chandra Paul
|votes = 8,719
|percentage = 5.79
|change = +1.57
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mir Masud Alam
|votes = 1,839
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 1,613
|percentage = 1.07
|change = +1.07
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rafikul Alam
|votes = 1,290
|percentage = 0.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,50,500
|percentage = 75.22
|change = +0.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
Note- [[Indian National Congress]] supported the [[All India Forward Bloc]] candidate [[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]] in 2016.

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Ali Imran Ramz of AIFB defeated his nearest rival Serajul Islam of Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Chakulia constituency<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=31| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130606020827/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=31| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 6 June 2013|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work =Chakulia| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 20 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Ali Imran Ramz|Ali Imran Ramz (Victor)]]
|votes = 65,265
|percentage = 52.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Serajul Islam
|votes = 44,852
|percentage = 35.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Goutam Chandra Paul
|votes = 5,287
|percentage = 4.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kalipada Ghosh
|votes = 4,052
|percentage = 3.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Durga Hemram
|votes = 3,081
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Raj Kumar Jain
|votes = 2,661
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 125,198
|percentage = 74.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = All India Forward Bloc
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Uttar Dinajpur topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Dinajpur district]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2011]]

C. Aiyappan

2026-05-07T09:08:03Z

ClayAcosta: Creating a info!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. Aiyappan
| office = Member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]]
| predecessor = [[R. Baskar Datchanamourtty]]
| term_start = 2026
| party = [[All India N.R. Congress]]
| profession = Politician
}}
'''C. Aiyappan''' is an Indian politician from [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. He is a member of the [[Puducherry Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]] representing the [[All India N.R. Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=C. Aiyappan Alias Mouttayappan(All India N.R. Congress):Constituency- ARIANKUPPAM(PUDUCHERRY) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Puducherry2026/candidate.php?candidate_id=82 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Aiyappan won the [[Ariankuppam Assembly constituency|Ariankuppam]] seat in the [[2026 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election]] as a candidate of the [[All India N.R. Congress]]. He received 14,210 votes and defeated D. Vijayalakshmy of the [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 603 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Ariankuppam election results 2026: AINRC's Aiyappan defeats Congress's Vizayalakshmy Djeamourthy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ariankuppam-election-results-2026/articleshow/130575962.cms |access-date=2026-05-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C. Aiyappan (AINRC) Candidate from ARIANKUPPAM Constituency, C. Aiyappan Political Career, Age, Education, Election Result 2026 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/puducherry/candidate-c-aiyappan-6295 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aiyappan, C.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India NR Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Puducherry Legislative Assembly]]

{{India-politician-stub}}

Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai CSMT Rajya Rani Express

2026-05-06T16:45:20Z

ClayAcosta: new

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Express
| caption =
| type = [[Rajya Rani Express]],<ref name="rajyarani">{{cite web|title=Rajya Rani Express to Connect State Capitals With Important Cities of Those States|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=70179|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|accessdate= 6 January 2020}}</ref> [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| first = {{start date and age|2012|03|10}} (up to {{stnlnk|Manmad}}) {{start date and age|2020|01|10}} (extended to {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}})
| last =
| operator = [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}} (NED)
| stops = 16
| end = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] (CSMT)
| distance = {{convert|607|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 12 hours 10 minutes
| frequency = Daily
| class = Sleeper class, AC 3 Sleeper, 2nd Class seating, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[ICF coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 17611 / 17612
| speed = {{convert|110|km/h|0|abbr=on}} maximum, {{convert|55.47|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 17611 / 17612 '''Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|Express]] train of the [[Rajya Rani Express]] category belonging to [[Indian Railways]] – [[South Central Railway zone]] that runs between {{stnlnk|Hazur Sahib Nanded}} and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]] in India.

It operates as train number 17611 from [[Nanded|Hazur Sahib Nanded]] to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus and as train number 17612 in the reverse direction, serving the state of [[Maharashtra]].

==Coaches==
This train has 1 AC chair car, 10 (S1, S2, S3 up to S10), second class seating, 1 monthly seasonal ticket coach and 8+ sleeper class coach, general unreserved coaches. It has a [[pantry car]].

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==
The 17611 / 17612 Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express covers the distance of 594 kilometres in 12 hours 00 mins (55.47 km/h) in both directions.

As the average speed of the train is above 55 km/h, as per Indian Railways rules, its fare includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Routing==

The 17611/17612 Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Express runs from Hazur Sahib Nanded via {{stnlnk|Purna Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Parbhani Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Manwath Road}}, {{stnlnk|Jalna}}, {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar}}, {{stnlnk|Nagarsol}}, {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nasik Road}}, {{stnlnk|Igatpuri}}, {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Thane}} to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus.

==Background==
It was inaugurated on the route of {{stnlnk|Manmad}} to [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus]] on 10 March 2012 with the rakes under the [[Central Railway zone]] and numbered 22101/02.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/New-Manmad-Nashik-Mumbai-train/articleshow/12214904.cms|title=New Manmad–Nashik-Mumbai train|work=The Times of India|accessdate=2014-04-28}}</ref> Later on 12 October 2015, it was extended to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]].

But there was a demand for increased connectivity between Nanded and Mumbai and thereafter this train was extended up to Hazur Sahib Nanded on 10 January 2020 and Rakes Shifted to [[South Central Railway zone]] and runs as Nanded Mumbai Rajyarani Express.<ref>[https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,5,268&dcd=14127&did=1578483237169D35F84A65EB8931CF0D832D9FB77C8C2 South Central Railway], Retrieved 11 Jan 2020.</ref>

==Traction==
Earlier was [[WDM-3A]]. As the route is fully electrified. A [[Electric Loco Shed, Kalyan|Kalyan]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive hauls the train from Hazur Sahib Nanded to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, and vice versa.

==Timings==

17611 Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express leaves Hazur Sahib Nanded on a daily basis at 22:00 hrs IST and reaches Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus at 09:00 hrs IST the next day.

17612 Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus–Hazur Sahib Nanded Rajya Rani Superfast Express leaves Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus on a daily basis at 19:00 hrs IST and reaches Hazur Sahib Nanded at 07:00 hrs IST the next day.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:22102 Manmad Mumbai CST Rajya Rani Express - 2nd Class seating coach.jpg|22102 ''Manmad Junction–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express'' – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|2nd Class seating]] coach
File:22102 Manmad Mumbai CST Rajya Rani Express - AC Chair Car coach.jpg|22102 ''Manmad Junction–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express'' – [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC Chair Car]] coach
File:22102 Manmad Mumbai CST Rajya Rani Express with WCAM 3 locomotive.jpg|22102 ''Manmad Junction–Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express'' with [[Indian locomotive class WCAM 3|WCAM 3]] locomotive
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Lokmanya Tilak Terminus–Manmad Godavari Express]]
* [[Panchvati Express]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web|url=http://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=625&id=0,4,268|title=Central Railway / Indian Railways Portal|publisher=cr.indianrailways.gov.in|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
*{{cite web|url=http://railroadair.blogspot.in/2012/03/introduction-of-manmad-lokmanya-tilak.html|title=Rail Road Air-Indian Railways: Introduction of Manmad–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Rajya Rani Superfast Express|publisher=railroadair.blogspot.in|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-shift-manmad-train-from-kurla-to-cst-pil-1687199|title=Shift Manmad train from Kurla to CST: PIL {{pipe}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|publisher=dnaindia.com|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
*{{cite web|url=http://frontierindia.net/12618-nizamuddin-ernakulam-mangala-exp-derails-near-igatpuri-15-nov-2013|title=12618 Nizamuddin – Ernakulam Mangala Exp derails near Igatpuri on 15 Nov 2013 {{pipe}} Frontier India|publisher=frontierindia.net|accessdate=2014-04-28|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225110234/http://frontierindia.net/12618-nizamuddin-ernakulam-mangala-exp-derails-near-igatpuri-15-nov-2013|archivedate=25 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}
*{{cite web|url=http://flickrhivemind.net/Tags/rajyarani/Timeline|title=The World's newest photos of rajyarani – Flickr Hive Mind|publisher=flickrhivemind.net|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
*{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ja9Rb-IAUso|title=YouTube - 22102 Manmad - Mumbai LTT Rajya Rani SF Express!!!!!!!!|via=YouTube|accessdate=2014-04-28}}

==External links==
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in |title=Welcome to Indian Railway Passenger reservation Enquiry |publisher=indianrail.gov.in |accessdate=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408180437/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ |archivedate= 8 April 2014 }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irctc.co.in|title=IRCTC Online Passenger Reservation System|publisher=irctc.co.in|accessdate=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303131207/http://www.irctc.co.in/|archive-date=3 March 2007|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.irfca.org|title=[IRFCA] Welcome to IRFCA.org, the home of IRFCA on the internet.|publisher=IRFCA|accessdate=2014-04-05}}

{{Rajya Rani Express}}
{{Central Railway}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hazur Sahib Nanded-Mumbai CST Rajya Rani Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Manmad]]
[[Category:Rajya Rani Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]

Gopalapuram, East Godavari

2026-05-05T10:53:13Z

ClayAcosta: Creating new stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gopalapuram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.10068|N|81.54061|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 11,573
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534316
| registration_plate = AP
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
'''Gopala-puram''' is a village in [[East Godavari district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandal wise list of villages in West Godavari district|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=8 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208134347/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/westgodavari.pdf|archivedate=8 February 2015|format=PDF}}</ref> It is the headquarters of [[Gopalapuram mandal, West Godavari|Gopalapuram mandal]]. The nearest train station is kovvuru located at a distance of 28 Km.

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India]], Gopalapuram had a population of 11573. The total population constitute, 5469 males and 6104 females with a sex ratio of 1116 females per 1000 males. 1084 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, with sex ratio of 1061. The average literacy rate is at 74.83%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/588143-gopalapuram-andhra-pradesh.html|title=Gopalapuram Population Census|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in East Godavari district]]

Culture of Mumbai

2026-05-03T21:17:54Z

ClayAcosta: Creating a info

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2020}}
[[File:The_Taj_Mahal_Palace_Hotel_and_Gateway_of_India_-_2.jpg|thumb|The [[Gateway of India]] (foreground) and [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] (background).]]
A resident of [[Mumbai]] is called a ''[[Mumbaikar]]''. People prefer to stay close to a railway station for easy access to the [[metropolis]]. Many city-dwellers lead a fast-paced life with very little time for other activities owing to a significant amount of time spent on daily commuting.

==Language==
[[Marathi language|Marathi]] is the official language spoken in Mumbai.

==Cuisine==
{{See also|Street food of Mumbai}}
[[File:Pav Bhaji.jpg|thumb|Pav Bhaji|alt=|left]]
[[File:Vada Pavs.jpg|thumb|Vada pav]]
The metropolis has a roadside fast food scene consisting of Maharashtrian [[Pav Bhaji]], [[Vada Pav]]s, [[Dabeli]], [[Panipuri]], [[Bhelpuri]], etc. South Indian and [[Chinese food]] is also popular in the city. Lebanese, Korean, Thai, Italian, Mexican, Mughlai, [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi]], [[Malvani cuisine|Mālvani]], and Continental cuisine are also popular in Mumbai.

Mumbai has some of the oldest restaurants in [[India]]. ''Delhi Darbar, Sindhudurg, Highway Gomantak, Samrat, Vitthal Bhelwala, Mahesh Lunch Home, Kailas Parbat,'' ''Aram Vada Pav'', and ''Adarsh'' are some of the oldest restaurants in the city. Mumbai is popular for its roadside food stalls, but it also has many swanky and high-end restaurants and pubs like Wasabi, Indigo, The Zodiac Grill, Aer, etc.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aaram Vada Pav near CST: Why Mumbaikars queue up daily at this iconic outlet |publisher=The Indian Express |work=The Indian Express |date=2025-05-31 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/around-town-mumbaikars-amar-vada-pav-cst-10040187/ |access-date=2026-05-03}}</ref>

Mumbai's culinary diversity draws many people for the experience. It is very common for one to know Mumbai as a [[street food]] hotspot as it provides variety of flavours. Apart from the sheer variety of food from different cultural influences, Mumbai has [[Street food of Mumbai|Khau Galli]] and [[Chowpatty]] dedicated to fast food and meals alike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/food-review-city-of-dreams-mumbai-deserves-title-of-street-food-capital-of-india-with-its-tikha-chatpata-and-meetha-swad-1502865241.html|title=Food Review: City of dreams ‘Mumbai’ deserves title of street food capital of India with its ‘tikha, chatpata and meetha swad’|date=2020-03-13|website=The Statesman|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-03|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001344/https://www.thestatesman.com/lifestyle/food-review-city-of-dreams-mumbai-deserves-title-of-street-food-capital-of-india-with-its-tikha-chatpata-and-meetha-swad-1502865241.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Mumbai, being the financial capital, has a large migrant population. Members of the migrating families are working with no other family support, hence ordering food from close by restaurants or calling for pre-packaged meals (dabba as called locally) is an accepted thing. Owing to these recent trends, there have been some online food ordering services that have cropped up.

Tea is the most popular beverage followed by coffee. There are tea stalls in almost all roads and corners. Other drinks include fruit juices and coconut water. [[Irani café]]s are a part of Mumbai's cosmopolitan heritage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4485523.stm|title=India's Iranian cafes fading out|last=Bajoria|first=Jayshree|date=2005-04-27|work=BBC|access-date=2019-10-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008115339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4485523.stm|archive-date=2007-10-08|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Notable dishes ===
[[Eggs Kejriwal]] was developed in the 1960s in South Mumbai; according to [[Tejal Rao]], it was not well-known outside of that area before the 2010s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Tejal |author-link=Tejal Rao |date=2017-04-06 |title=Egg, Cheese and Toast, Mumbai Style |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/06/magazine/egg-cheese-and-toast-mumbai-style.html |access-date=2024-01-28 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[Pav Bhaji|Pav bhaji]], [[vada pav]]s, [[dabeli]], [[panipuri]], and [[bhelpuri]] are other examples of Mumbai dishes.

==Music==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
[[File:NCPA building, Nariman Point, Mumbai.JPG|thumb|[[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]] NCPA building, Nariman Point, Mumbai.]]
The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ''[[koli people|koli]]'' songs, which was the original music of the city, are still heard in many coastal areas in its original form and even in repacked [[Pop music|pop]]/[[party]] [[remix]] forms. The large number of migrants have also brought their own tastes in cuisine, music, films, and literature, both Indian and international. [[Bollywood]] music is the most popular type heard in the city played by the city's shops, taxis, and establishments. [[Indi-pop]], Marathi and Hindi music, [[Indian classical music]], [[rock music|rock]], and [[pop music|international pop music]] have fans in the city. [[Western Classical Music]] too has a following in Mumbai. [http://www.bcoindia.co.in/ The Bombay Chamber Orchestra] (BCO) was founded in 1962. It is the only Indian symphony orchestra that functions and performs on a regular basis with a concert standard of performance. The [[Symphony Orchestra of India]] originated in 2006 and is based in Mumbai. It often performs at the [[National Centre for the Performing Arts (India)|National Centre for the Performing Arts]]. Mumbai has also produced renowned classical musicians, like [[Zubin Mehta]], who considers Mumbai his hometown.

English music has a following and the city's local English rock base has grown considerably having their own bands. International music from [[Beyoncé Knowles]], [[Bryan Adams]], [[Iron Maiden]], [[Eminem]], and [[Enrique Iglesias]] are popular here and sometimes outsell the Bollywood albums. The rock/metal industry is active and is based in [[Mumbai]] and [[Pune]]. Independence Rock, popularly known as I-Rock in [[Mumbai]] and Pune Woodstock of Pune are two of the major rock festivals of the Mumbai-Poona rock circuit.

==Festivals and Events==

=== Religious ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
[[File:Hindu Idol God Of Fortune Ganesh Parade Through Bombay in 1946.jpg|thumb|Immersion of Ganesh idol on the occasion of [[Anant Chaturdashi]] in 1946|alt=]]
Mumbai residents celebrate [[Indian festivals|Indian celebrations and festivals]]. [[Holi]], [[Diwali]], [[Dussera]], [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Muslim holidays|Eid]], [[Moharram]] and [[Maha Shivratri]] are some of the festivals in the city.

[[Ganesh Chaturthi]] is one of the major festivals, celebrated in the city with great fervor. This festival involves the placing of an idol of Lord Ganesha in the house for either 1½, 3,5,7 or 11 days after which it is immersed in the ocean, after a colourful and noisy parade. This festival was started by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] as a means of unifying all the people and emphasize the need for India's independence from the British. This is primarily celebrated by Maharashtrians, but almost all Mumbaikars participate in one way or another. Here, all the festivals are celebrated with great joy and happiness.

=== Non-Religious ===
Non-religious festivals include the [[Queer Azaadi Mumbai]], Mumbai's annual [[pride parade]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Thousands-join-LGBTQ-pride-march/article17109713.ece|title=Thousands join LGBTQ pride march|last=Ramachandran|first=Shreya|date=2017-01-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-11|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820011549/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/Thousands-join-LGBTQ-pride-march/article17109713.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Nationalistic festivals including the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence day]] are also celebrated.

==Architecture==
[[File:BMC and CST.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Finials of BMC and CST.|Finials of [[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai|BMC]] and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|CST]].]]{{Main|Architecture of Mumbai}}

=== Colonial ===
In 2004, Mumbai received two heritage conservation awards from the [[UNESCO]]. The [[Marine Drive, Mumbai|Marine Drive]] is home to some of the finest buildings of the art deco<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1480/|title=Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=29 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229235613/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1480/|url-status=live}}</ref> style, (also called ''Indo Deco'' or ''Bombay Deco'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mazumdar |first1=Ronojoy |title=Mumbai’s Iconic Art Deco Buildings Were Made to Conquer Disease |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-30/how-india-s-bombay-deco-buildings-battle-disease |access-date=30 October 2020 |work=Bloomberg News |date=29 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030103316/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-30/how-india-s-bombay-deco-buildings-battle-disease |url-status=live }}</ref>) which flourished in the 1920s and 1930s. During the British era, the [[Indo-Saracenic]] architecture was the official architecture of the city. Many Indo-Gothic monuments also line [[South Mumbai]] — [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945/|title=Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-10-11|archive-date=4 November 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104092615/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/945/|url-status=live}}</ref> BMC building, [[Gateway of India]] are some of this style.

Mumbai has housing structures known as [[Chawl]] ('chaali' in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]). These are the remnants of the once booming cotton mills which provided job opportunities and led to migration of people to Mumbai. Chawls still occupy a large portion of the Mumbai residential area.

=== Post Colonial ===
Modern buildings and skyscrapers dominate the skyline.

==Cinema==
Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian cinema with the oldest film shot in the country in 1896 in the Kala Ghoda area. Many cinemas, including an IMAX dome theatre, catering to mainstream [[Marathi cinema|Marathi]], [[Bollywood]] and [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] films dot the city. The city contains some old movie theatres like the Plaza, [[New Empire Cinema (Mumbai)]] and New Excelsior. Due to taxation policies of the State Government, it has become more profitable to operate [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Multiplexes]] and so many movie theatres are making way for other developments or interior overhauls. An example of this is Sterling Theatre at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus]]. [[PVR INOX|INOX]]'s 11 screen [[Multiplex (movie theater)|Megaplex]] at [[Inorbit Mall]] is Mumbai's biggest multiplex.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-18 |title=60,000 sq ft, 1,586 seats, 60 shows: INOX brings a global cinema destination to Mumbai with Megaplex |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/60000-sq-ft-1586-seats-60-shows-inox-brings-a-global-cinema-destination-to-mumbai-with-megaplex/articleshow/72863378.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811084431/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/60000-sq-ft-1586-seats-60-shows-inox-brings-a-global-cinema-destination-to-mumbai-with-megaplex/articleshow/72863378.cms |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=2020-04-03 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref>

The city is also home to film studios. These include [[Film City, Mumbai|Film City]] in [[Goregaon]], and [[Raj Kapoor]]'s R.K. Studios in Chembur, [[Filmistan]], [[Shashadhar Mukherjee]]'s Filmalaya and [[V Shantaram]]'s [[Rajkamal Kalamandir|Rajkamal Studio]].

==Cultural centers==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2023}}
Mumbai hosts plays and cultural performances. Some of the theatres are [[Prithvi Theatre]] at [[Juhu]], Dinanath Natyagruha at [[Vile Parle]], Shanmukhananda Hall at [[Matunga]], Prabhodankar Thackeray Theatre at Rang Sharda at [[Bandra]] and the theatres at the National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA), [[Nariman Point]].

=== Museums and Art Galleries ===
There are two public art galleries, The [[Jehangir Art Gallery]] and The [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] and a museum in South Mumbai. The [[Asiatic Society of Bombay]] is the oldest public library in the city, built in 1833.

There are many museums in the city, including [[Dr. Bhau Daji Lad Museum]], [[Cowasji Jehangir Hall]] and [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]].

The commercial art galleries are mostly located in the Colaba and Fort area of downtown Mumbai. They include Chemould Prescott Road, Pundole, Guild, Sakshi, Mirchandani+Steinrucke, Chatterjee & Lal, and Project 88.

== Sports ==
[[File:'International_competition'_in_the_marathon_passing_through_'worli_Sea-face'_on_Sunday(18-1-2009).jpg|thumb|Runners at the 2009 [[Mumbai Marathon]].]]
Mumbai has hosted several world sports events, including [[1982 Men's Hockey World Cup]], [[2004 Kabaddi World Cup (Standard style)|2004 Kabaddi World Cup]], and matches for the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]], and [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]] [[Cricket World Cup|Cricket World Cups]].

The [[Mumbai Marathon]] held annually is one of the largest mass sporting events in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/mumbai-marathon-gets-gold-label/article24956506.ece|title=Mumbai Marathon gets ‘Gold Label’|date=2018-09-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-11|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820011549/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/mumbai-marathon-gets-gold-label/article24956506.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mumbai topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumbai Culture}}
[[Category:Culture of Mumbai| ]]

Indigenous Tribal Leaders' Forum

2026-04-30T21:27:17Z

ClayAcosta: new

{{Short description|Kuki-Zo civil society organisation in Manipur, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Indigenous Tribal Leaders' Forum
| region_served = [[Manipur]], India
| logo =
| type = umbrella organisation
| headquarters = [[Tuibong]], [[Churachandpur]], Manipur
| native_name =
| method =
| revenue =
| num_volunteers =
| owner =
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Pagin Haokip<ref name="Print 2 Jun">
Sonal Matharu, [https://theprint.in/india/police-commandos-militants-driving-kuki-meitei-violence-in-manipur-accusations-fly/1605645/ Police commandos, militants driving Kuki-Meitei violence? In Manipur, accusations fly], The Print, 2 June 2023.
</ref>
| leader_title2 = Secretary
| leader_name2 = Muan Tombing<ref name="Scroll 8 May"/>
| leader_title3 = Spokesperson
| leader_name3 = Ginza Vualzong
| founders =
| key_people =
| founded = 9 June 2022<ref name="ITLF About Us"/>
| dissolved =
| focus = Welfare of the [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] community
| footnotes =
}}
The '''Indigenous Tribal Leaders' Forum''' ('''ITLF''') is a joint body of [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] tribal leaders in the Indian state of [[Manipur]]. It came into being in 2022 in the wake of the Manipur government's assault on tribal land rights in [[protected forest]]s. During the [[2023–2025 Manipur violence]], ITLF served as the main representative body of the Kuki-Zo tribes in Manipur.

== Background ==
The [[Kuki-Zo people]] of Manipur, divided into multiple tribes, were riven by internal divisions since the independence of India. Many of the tribes were not comfortable with the term "Kuki" introduced during the [[British Raj]] and sought an alternative label. They were also afraid of domination by the [[Thadou Kukis]], who make up roughly half of the entire community. The [[Old Kukis]] separated out during the 1940s and the other tribes, with the exception of Thadou Kukis, formed a [[Zomi people|Zomi]] umbrella in the 1990s. The Thadou Kukis stood alone in continuing the use of the "Kuki" label.<ref>{{cite book |first=Rebecca C. |last=Haokip |chapter=The Kuki-Paite Conflict in the Churachandpur District of Manipur |editor=Lazar Jeyaseelan |title=Conflict Mapping and Peace Processes in North East India |publisher=North Eastern Social Research Centre |url=http://www.nesrc.org/Monographs/PeaceBook.pdf |year=2007 |page=191 |archive-date=18 December 2023 |access-date=16 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218054719/https://www.nesrc.org/Monographs/PeaceBook.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>
{{citation |last=Suan |first=H. Kham Khan |title=Rethinking 'tribe' identities: The politics of recognition among the Zo in north-east India |journal=Contributions to Indian Sociology |volume=45 |number=2 |year=2011 |pages=180–181 |doi=10.1177/006996671104500201}}
</ref>

Virtually all tribes formed their own armed groups during the 1990s, for the purpose of protecting their own tribal communities. In the course of negotiating a Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement with the Government of India, the armed groups gathered into two umbrella organisations called [[Kuki National Organisation]] and [[United People's Front]]. They also began to address themselves as "Kuki/Zo people", later changed to "Kuki-Zo people".

With these antecedents, some sort of reunion of all the Kuki-Zo tribes was contemplated.

== Organisation ==
The Indigenous Tribal Leaders' Forum (ITLF) was formed on 9 June 2022, with an office based in the Kuki Inpi–Churachandpur complex in [[Tuibong]] (northern part of the [[Churachandpur]] town).
It brought under its umbrella existing tribal organisations such as [[Kuki Inpi Manipur]], Paite Tribe Council, Simte Tribe Council, Vaiphei People's Council, Mizo People's Convention, Hmar Inpui, United Zou Organisation and Gangte Tribe Union (representing the communities of [[Thadou Kukis]], [[Paite people|Paites]], [[Simte people|Simtes]], [[Vaiphei people|Vaipheis]], [[Mizo people|Mizos]], [[Hmar people|Hmars]], [[Zou people|Zous]] and [[Gangte people|Gangtes]] respectively).<ref name="ITLF About Us">
[https://www.itlfmediacell.com/about-us/ About Us], Indigenous Tribal Leaders' Forum, retrieved 4 October 2024.
</ref>{{Efn|The ITLF is thus representative of all the Kuki-Zo tribes in Manipur, in contrast to the [[Kuki Inpi Manipur]], which represents the clans accepting the "Kuki" label (which is only Thadou Kukis in practice).}}

The description "Indigenous" was chosen presumably to avoid disputes regarding tribal identities. In April 2023, the chief minister [[N. Biren Singh]] questioned the "indigenousness" of the organisation.<ref name="PTI 29 Apr">
PTI, [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/fresh-clashes-in-manipurs-churachandpur-as-bandh-hits-normal-life-cm-defers-rally/article66790979.ece Fresh clashes in Manipur's Churachandpur as bandh hits normal life; CM Biren Singh defers rally], ''The Hindu'', 29 April 2023.
</ref>
(In his view, the Kuki-Zo tribes were not indigenous to Manipur.)

== Activities ==
=== Campaign against evictions ===
During the [[Second N. Biren Singh ministry|second Biren Singh government]], formed in 2022, the Kuki-Zo community came under increasing assault by the government and the dominant [[Meitei people|Meitei]] civil society organisations, with accusations of "poppy cultivators", "illegal immigrants" and "forest encroachers".{{sfnp|AILAJ, Manufacturing ethnic segregation and conflict|2023|p=15}}<ref>
Tora Agarwala, Manipur govt withdraws from SoO agreement with Kuki groups: What has happened so far, The Indian Express, 14 March 2023. {{ProQuest|2786295075}}
</ref><ref>
Lalmin Kipgen, [https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/06/16/disinformation-as-a-tool-in-manipur-conflict/ Disinformation as a Tool in Manipur Conflict], The Shillong Times, 16 June 2023.
</ref><ref>
[https://web.archive.org/web/20230609153806/https://thehillsjournal.com/kim-condemns-cocomis-war-declaration-submits-representation-to-mha/ KIM condemns COCOMI's War Declaration; Submits representation to MHA], The Hills Journal, 9 June 2023.
</ref> On 7 November 2022, the state government issued an "office memorandum" cancelling the recognition of all the villages embedded in the [[Churachandpur-Khoupum Protected Forest]], putting the land rights of those villages in jeopardy.<ref name="TFM KSO">
[https://thefrontiermanipur.com/kso-rejects-manipur-governments-memo-on-forests-says-it-is-illegal-and-arbitrary/ KSO Rejects Manipur Government’s Memo On Forests; Says It Is ‘Illegal And Arbitrary’], The Frontier Manipur, 30 November 2022.
</ref><ref name="UT 19 Feb 2024">
[https://ukhrultimes.com/claim-over-thangjing-hills-treated-as-non-est-no-records-of-so-called-haokip-reserved-manipur-govt/ Claim over THANGJING HILLS treated as Non-Est; No records of so called ‘Haokip Reserved’: Manipur Govt], Ukhrul Times, 19 February 2024.
</ref>
A village called K. Songjang was "evicted" (bulldozed) by the government in February 2023, labelling it as an illegal encroachment into the protected forest.<ref name="Print">
Karishma Hasnat, [https://theprint.in/ground-reports/they-came-with-6-jcbs-how-eviction-of-a-tiny-village-sparked-fires-across-manipur/1576547/ ‘They came with 6 JCBs’— How eviction of a tiny village sparked fires across Manipur], The Print, 16 May 2023.
</ref>

On 10 March 2023, ITLF organised a rally in conjunction with the [[Kuki Students Organisation]] in all the Kuki-inhabited hill districts to protest the government's approach to tribal land rights.<ref>
[https://www.landconflictwatch.org/conflicts/declaration-of-village-land-as-protected-forest-areas-in-the-hill-district-of-manipur-triggers-statewide-protests Declaration of village land as protected forest areas in the hill district of Manipur triggers statewide protests], Land Conflict Watch, 18 April 2023.
</ref><ref name="IFP 12 Mar">
[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/peace-rally-held-against-reserve-forest-policies Peace rally held against reserve forest policies], Imphal Free Press, 12 March 2023.
</ref>
The government imposed prohibitory orders under [[Section 144]], which were ignored by the rallyists. In the [[Kangpokpi]] area, the police tried to block the rally, which enraged the mob and the rally "turned violent". At least five protesters and a few policemen were injured.<ref name="IFP 12 Mar"/><ref name="IE 14 Mar">
Tora Agarwala, Jimmy Leivon, [https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/soo-agreement-kuki-tribal-manipur-bjp-8493734/ Why Manipur govt withdrew from an SoO agreement with two tribal insurgent groups], The Indian Express, 14 March 2023.
</ref>
The state cabinet and alleged that the protests were "unconstitutional" and that people were encroaching into protected forests and reserved forests for poppy plantation and drugs business.<ref name="IE 14 Mar"/> The chief minister also alleged that the rallies were influenced by Kuki-Zo militants that were under the Suspension of Operations (SoO) agreement and withdrew from the SoO agreement with the two largest militant groups.<ref name="IE 14 Mar"/>

Another protest was planned by ITLF in Churachandpur on 28 April 2023, which was withdrawn by ITLF as the mobs had turned violent. On the preceding day, the mob set fire to a venue that was to be attended by the Chief Minister. Once again prohibitory orders were issued, and internet services were suspended in the Churachandpur district for a period of five days.<ref name="ITNE 28 Apr">
[https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/story/manipur-unrest-in-churachandpur-as-protests-turn-violent-550326-2023-04-28 Manipur: Unrest in Churachandpur as protests turn violent], India Today NE, 28 April 2023.
</ref><ref name="Scroll 28 Apr">
[https://scroll.in/latest/1048171/manipur-internet-suspended-large-gatherings-banned-in-churachandpur-after-violence-breaks-out Manipur: Internet suspended, large gatherings banned in Churachandpur after violence breaks out], Scroll.in, 28 April 2023.
</ref><ref name="PTI 29 Apr"/>

=== 2023–2025 ethnic violence ===
On 3 May 2023, following a rally in the Churachandpur Town to protest the Meitei demand for [[Scheduled Tribe]] (ST) status, [[2023–2025 Manipur violence|ethnic violence]] broke out between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities at the Churachandpur–Bishnupur district border. It quickly spiralled out of control and engulfed the whole state, lasting for almost two years. The ITLF took charge to speak on behalf of the Kuki-Zo community, issuing regular press statements and responding to the developments.

The onset of the violence was attributed by ITLF to a rumour that the Anglo-Kuki War Memorial Gate at Leisang was burnt down by (presumably Meitei) miscreants.<ref name="Scroll 8 May">
Rokibuz Zaman, [https://scroll.in/article/1048707/what-the-mobs-left-behind-in-manipurs-hills-burnt-homes-looted-shops-and-thousands-of-displaced What the mobs left behind in Manipur’s hills – burnt homes, looted shops and thousands of displaced], Scroll.in, 8 May 2023.
</ref>{{efn|The rumour was false. A fire was indeed started at the base of the gate, which however caused only scant damage to the gate itself.<ref name="Scroll 8 May"/>}} By the end of the month, ITLF was countering allegations from the chief minister that the security forces were battling the "Kuki militants". It levelled the counter-allegation that Manipur Police Commandos were leading Meitei mobs in launching attacks against the Kukis, and Kuki village volunteers were defending themselves with licensed guns. ''[[ThePrint]]'' quoted a central forces officer who backed the Kuki version of the events.<ref name="Print 2 Jun">
Sonal Matharu, [https://theprint.in/india/police-commandos-militants-driving-kuki-meitei-violence-in-manipur-accusations-fly/1605645/ Police commandos, militants driving Kuki-Meitei violence? In Manipur, accusations fly], The Print, 2 June 2023.
</ref>
In June, the organisation called for the imposition of [[President's Rule]] in the state. It claimed to have enough evidence of the state government's complicity in allowing radical groups to have a free rein on the people. It called for "total separation" of the administration of Kuki-Zo tribals from the state of Manipur.<ref name="PTI 16 Jun">
PTI, [https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/2023/06/16/fresh-violence-erupts-as-houses-set-ablaze-in-manipur/ Fresh violence erupts as houses set ablaze in Manipur], Nagaland Post, 16 June 2023.
</ref> The organisation also countered the declaration of "Manipuri national war" by the Meitei organisation [[COCOMI (Manipur)|COCOMI]], calling it "propaganda to mobilise mobs [..] for attacks on Kuki-Zo villages".<ref name="PTI 16 Jun"/>

In August 2023, ITLF proposed to hold mass burial of 35 Kuki victims of the Manipur violence at the "Haolai Khopi" village (next to [[Torbung Bangla]], a Meitei village that was mostly burnt down and deserted).<ref>
[https://ukhrultimes.com/manipur-mass-burial-of-kuki-zo-community-killed-in-conflict-to-be-performed-in-churachandpur/ Manipur: Mass burial of Kuki-Zo community killed in conflict to be performed in Churachandpur], Ukhrul Times, 2 August 2023.
</ref>
The proposal led to widespread consternation among the Meitei community, and the state government deployed the [[Rapid Action Force]] to guard the site. The ITLF Women's Wing stuck to its stand, claiming "this land belongs to us" and "we can bury our martyrs at any place".<ref name="EastMojo 2 Aug">
Douminlien Haokip, [https://www.eastmojo.com/manipur/2023/08/02/manipur-trouble-over-proposed-burial-site-in-churachandpur/ Manipur: Trouble over proposed burial site in Churachandpur?], EastMojo, 2 August 2023.
</ref>
It seemed as if ITLF was marking territory, as these villages are in the geographical precincts of [[Churachandpur district]], even though several newspapers were led to believe that it was in an "area bordering the Churachandpur district with Bishnupur district".<ref name="EastMojo 2 Aug"/><ref name="UT 2 Aug">
[https://ukhrultimes.com/manipur-mass-burial-at-torbung-bangla-in-bishnupur-opposed/ Manipur: Mass burial at Torbung Bangla in Bishnupur opposed], Ukhrul Times, 2 August 2023.
</ref>{{efn|The Torbung Bangla is well within the Churachandpur district as per the authentic maps prepared by Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre.<ref>[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/block/TUIBONG_BLOCK.pdf Tuibong Block], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
</ref>}}
[[International Meiteis Forum]] approached the Manipur High Court to prohibit the burial on the grounds that the site belonged to the Sericulture directorate of the state, and the high court issued an order to the effect.<ref name="IFP 3 Aug">
[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/manipur-high-court-directs-status-quo-at-proposed-mass-burial-site Manipur High Court directs status quo at proposed mass burial site], Imphal Free Press, 3 August 2023.
</ref>
Eventually, an alternative site was offered for the burial.

According to a report in ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'', negotiations between the Kuki militant groups under the suspension of operations ("SoO groups") and the Union government had culminated in an agreement to grant an autonomous territorial council for the Kuki-Zo people under the [[Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]. The agreement was due to be signed on 8 May, but the chief minister Biren Singh is said to have been opposed to it.<ref name="Wire 11 Aug">
Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, [https://thewire.in/government/special-days-before-mha-was-to-finalise-kuki-accord-not-supported-by-cm-violence-broke-out-in-manipur Special: Manipur Violence Broke Out Days Before MHA Was to Finalise Kuki Accord that CM Did Not Support], The Wire, 11 August 2023.
</ref>
The scale of violence that was unleashed on 3 May led the Kuki-Zo people to change their mind, and the demand turned into a "separate administration" (separate from the state of [[Manipur]]). ''The Wire'' reported that ITLF was spearheading the demand, and, in August, proposed a map of the region it envisaged under "separate administration" (which had crystallised under the banner of a "Kuki state"). Officials from the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|home ministry]] said that the ITLF demands had to be taken into account as it seemed to be representing Kuki public sentiments.<ref name="Wire 13 Aug">
Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty, [https://thewire.in/security/special-controlling-manipur-matters-even-solutions-for-peace-risk-drawing-in-more-communities Special | Controlling Manipur Matters: Even Solutions for Peace Risk Drawing in More Communities], The Wire, 13 August 2023.
</ref>

In June 2024, the ITLF demanded a [[union territory]] with legislature for the Kuki-Zo community. It said that it was no longer possible for the tribal population to live in dignity under a "Meitei government".<ref>
[https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/manipur-crisis-itlf-demands-union-territory-kuki-zo-community.html Manipur crisis: ITLF demands Union Territory for Kuki-Zo community], Northeast Now, 20 June 2024.
</ref><ref>
[https://ukhrultimes.com/june-24-nonviolent-protest-rally-for-separate-administration-union-territory-itlf June 24, Nonviolent Protest Rally for Separate Administration/Union Territory: ITLF], Ukhrul Times, 24 June 2024.
</ref><ref>
[https://www.indiatodayne.in/manipur/story/indigenous-tribal-leaders-forum-appeals-to-home-minister-for-political-solution-in-manipur-1034987-2024-06-24 Indigenous Tribal Leaders’ Forum appeals to Home Minister for political solution in Manipur], India Today NE, 24 June 2024.
</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Kuki Inpi Manipur]]
* [[Federation of Haomee]]
* [[International Meeteis Forum]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

; Sources
* {{citation |title=Manufacturing ethnic segregation and conflict: A report on the violence in Manipur |publisher=All India Lawyers Association for Justice |date=August 2023 |url=https://ailaj.wordpress.com/2023/09/24/manufacturing-ethnic-segregation-and-conflict-a-report-on-the-violence-in-manipur/ |ref={{sfnref|AILAJ, Manufacturing ethnic segregation and conflict|2023}}}}

== External links ==
* Karan Thapar [https://thewire.in/video/watch-will-never-accept-separate-kuki-administration-says-manipuri-body Watch | 'Will Never Accept Separate Kuki Administration,' Says Manipuri Body], The Wire, 2 August 2023.

[[Category:2022 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Kuki organisations]]
[[Category:2023–2026 Manipur conflict]]

Bhogilal Gandhi

2026-04-30T00:26:18Z

ClayAcosta: starting a article

{{short description|Indian writer and freedom fighter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Bhogilal Chunilal Gandhi
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1911|1|26}}
| birth_place = [[Modasa]], [[Gujarat]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2001|6|10|1911|1|26}}
| death_place = [[Vadodara]], Gujarat, India
| nationality = Indian
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* scholar
* poet
* critic
* translator
* freedom fighter
}}
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| alma_mater = [[Gujarat Vidyapith]]
}}
'''Bhogilal Chunilal Gandhi''' (26 January 1911 – 10 June 2001) was an Indian scholar, poet, critic, translator, and independence activist from [[Gujarat]], India. He edited ''Vishvamanav'', a Gujarati-language literary-socio-political journal. He wrote biographies of several writers and political figures including [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[C. Rajagopalachari]], [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], [[Romain Rolland]], [[Durgaram Mehta]], and [[Narmad]]. He translated many works into Gujarati from English and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] languages. In his early years, he came under the influence of [[Communism]], and became an active member of [[Communist Party of India]].

==Biography==
Bhogilal Gandhi was born on 26 January 1911 in [[Modasa]], a town in [[Gujarat]], India.<ref name="Dutt Sahitya 1999">{{cite book|last=Dutt|first=K.C.|title=Who's Who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|year=1999|isbn=978-81-260-0873-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA369|page=369|access-date=2022-02-13|archive-date=2022-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213205715/https://books.google.com/books?id=QA1V7sICaIwC&pg=PA369|url-status=live}}</ref> He passed his matriculation exam in 1926 from [[Bharuch]]. He graduated from [[Gujarat Vidyapith]], Ahmedabad.<ref name="Datta 1988">{{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Datta|editor-first=Amaresh|editor-link=Amaresh Datta|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|volume=2|year=1988|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|title=Gandhi, Bhogilal Chunilal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1345|page=1345|access-date=2022-02-13|archive-date=2022-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203184023/https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1345|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Dave2006">{{cite book|editor-last=Dave|editor-first=Ramesh R.|title=Gujarātī Sāhityano Itihāsa Gāndhīyugīna-anugāndhīyugīna Gadyasarjako : 1985thī 1935|script-title=gu:ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઇતિહાસ (૧૮૯૫થી ૧૯૩૫) : ગાંધીયુગીન-અનુગાંધીયુગીન ગદ્યસર્જકો|trans-title=History of Gujarati Literature (1895 to 1935) : Prose Writers of Gandhian Era and Post-Gandhan Era|volume=6|date=August 2017|edition=3rd|location=Ahmedabad|publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|pages=445–455|oclc=52268627|chapter=ભોગીલાલ ચુનીલાલ ગાંધી 'ઉપવાસી'|last=Shah|first=Prakash N.|author-link=Prakash N. Shah|language=gu}}</ref>

He came under influence of [[Communism]] in his early life, and became an active member of [[Communist Party of India]], along with his wife Subhadra Gandhi.<ref name="Dutt Sahitya 1999"/> He was arrested several times between 1928 and 1951 due to his involvement in political activities.<ref name="Datta 1988"/> He died on 10 June 2001 in [[Vadodara]], Gujarat.<ref name="Gujarati Vishwakosh">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Shah|first=Prakash N.|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|title=ગાંધી, ભોગીલાલ ચુનીલાલ 'ઉપવાસી'|url=https://gujarativishwakosh.org/ગાંધી-ભોગીલાલ-ચુનીલાલ-ઉ/|date=January 2010|language=gu|access-date=2022-05-26|archive-date=2022-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213205718/https://gujarativishwakosh.org/%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%80-%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2-%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2-%E0%AA%89/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Works==
Gandhi's [[pen name]] was Upvasi.<ref name="Dutt Sahitya 1999"/> ''Sadhana'', a collection of his poems, was published in 1943 with the preface by [[Umashankar Joshi]]. The poems of ''Sadhana'' are divided into three sections namely Pranaya (love), Jhankhana (longing), and Sadhana (meditation). He published his literary criticism and book reviews in ''Mitakshar'' (''In Brief''; 1970).<ref name="Datta 1988"/> He published two short story collections, ''Parajit Prem'' (1957) and ''Lata'' (1967).<ref name="Gujarati Vishwakosh"/>

Gandhi translated several works from English and Bengali languages.<ref name="Dave2006"/> He translated [[Maxim Gorky]]'s ''[[Mother (novel)|Mother]]'' into Gujarati.<ref name="Dutt Sahitya 1999"/>

He wrote biographies of [[Leo Tolstoy]] as ''Leo Tolstoy : Jivansangram'', [[Joseph Stalin]] as ''Yugpurush Stalin'', [[C. Rajagopalachari]] as ''Rajagopalachari'', [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] as ''Shubhashchandra'', [[Romain Rolland]] as ''Mahamanav Romain Rolland'', [[Durgaram Mehta]] as ''Aadya Sudharak Mahetaji Durgaram'', and [[Narmad]] as ''Narmad: Navyug no Prahari''.<ref name="Dave2006"/>

A memorial volume for Gandhi, ''Bhogilal Gandhi Janmashatabdi Grantha'', was published on his birth centenary in 2011, edited by [[Prakash N. Shah]], [[Raman Soni]], and [[Rajendra Patel]].<ref name="opinionmagazine">{{cite web|title=ભોગીલાલ ગાંધી જન્મ શતાબ્દી ગ્રંથ : પુસ્તક પરિચય|website=Opinion Magazine|date=13 January 2017|url=https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/2343/bhogilal-gandhi-janma-sataabdee-granth-pustak-parichay|language=gu|access-date=13 February 2022|archive-date=13 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213211635/https://opinionmagazine.co.uk/details/2343/bhogilal-gandhi-janma-sataabdee-granth-pustak-parichay|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBpuAAAAMAAJ&q=Gandhi%2C+Bhogilal Interview] (10 July 1988)

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Bhogilal Gandhi |sopt=t}}
* {{Gujarati Vishwakosh}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gandhi, Bhogilal}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:People from Sabarkantha district]]
[[Category:Indian Marxist writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Translators to Gujarati]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male journalists]]

Bihu Attack

2026-04-29T19:06:11Z

ClayAcosta: Creating a article!

{{Short description|Indian thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bihu Attack
| image = Bihu Attack.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Suzad Iqbal Khan]]
| producer = Prabir Kanta Saha Dev Menaria
| screenplay = Suzad Iqbal Khan
| story = Suzad Iqbal Khan
| starring = Dev Menaria [[Arbaaz Khan]] [[Daisy Shah]] [[Rahul Dev]] [[Raza Murad]] [[Yukti Kapoor]]
| music = Biswajit Bhattacharjee
| cinematography = Leela Mohan Shetty
| editing = Shailendra Kumar
| studio = PKS Film Production House
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2026|01|16|df=yes}}
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Bihu Attack''''' is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed by [[Suzad Iqbal Khan]] and produced by Prabir Kanta Saha and Dev Menaria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.oneindia.com/news/entertainment/bihu-attack-movie-review-in-hindi-rating-arbaaz-khan-rahul-dev-raza-murad-dev-menaria-daisy-shah-1471832.html|title=Bihu Attack Movie Review: देशभक्ति और आतंकवाद की पृष्ठभूमि में बनी एक गंभीर थ्रिलर|first=Shashank Mani|last=Pandey|date=15 January 2026|website=hindi.oneindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/bihu-attack-official-trailer/videoshow/126501045.cms|title=Bihu Attack – Official Trailer |website=The Times of India}}</ref> The film stars Dev Menaria, [[Arbaaz Khan]], [[Daisy Shah]], [[Rahul Dev]], [[Raza Murad]], [[Yukti Kapoor]], [[Hiten Tejwani]], Mir Sarwar, Dimpu Baruah, and Amiee Misobbah in prominent roles. It was released in theatres on 16 January 2026.<ref name="Ahmedabad-Mirror">{{cite web|url=https://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/amiee-misobbah-joins-arbaaz-khan-in-upcoming-film-bihu-attack--a-rising-star-to-watch/81888378.html|title=Amiee Misobbah Joins Arbaaz Khan in Upcoming Film "Bihu Attack" — A Rising Star to Watch|website=ahmedabadmirror.com|access-date=21 February 2026}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film follows Raj Kunwar, a widowed court marshal from Assam who believes in education and social integration as instruments for long-term peace. During the [[Bihu|Bihu festival]] celebrations, a major security threat emerges coinciding with the visit of India's Defence Minister. As tensions escalate, Raj Kunwar teams up with former intelligence officer KD Sir to avert the impending attack and uncover the forces behind the conspiracy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/deoband/news/arbaaz-khan-became-an-army-officer-in-bihu-attack-134719536.html|title=Arbaaz Khan became an army officer in Bihu Attack|access-date=4 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=बिहू अटैक के कलाकारों का किया गया सम्मान, आर्मी के जवानों को समर्पित है फिल्म | url=https://www.amarujala.com/video/uttar-pradesh/allahabad/video-the-cast-of-bihu-attack-was-honored-the-film-is-dedicated-to-the-soldiers-of-the-army-2025-12-19 }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Dev Menaria
* [[Daisy Shah]]
* [[Arbaaz Khan]]<ref>{{cite web | title=Bihu Attack: Actor & Producer Dev Menaria Sheds Light on the Ambitious Project as the Film Gears up for a 2026 Release | date=22 December 2025 | url=https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood/bihu-attack-actor-producer-dev-menaria-sheds-light-on-the-ambitious-project-as-the-film-gears-up-for-a-2026-release/ }}</ref>
* [[Rahul Dev]]
* [[Raza Murad]]
* [[Yukti Kapoor]]
* [[Hiten Tejwani]]
* [[Mir Sarwar]]
* Mubeen Saudagar
* Amiee Misobba
* Dimpu Boruah<ref>{{cite web | title=Assamese YouTuber Dimpu Baruah to Share Big Screen with Arbaaz Khan in Debut Film 'Bihu Attack' - Northeast Today | date=8 April 2025 | url=https://northeasttoday.in/northeast/assam/assamese-youtuber-dimpu-baruah-to-share-big-screen-with-arbaaz-khan-in-debut-film-bihu-attack/ }}</ref>
* Pinky Sarma
* Mamta Kamble
* Jeet Raidutt
* Amit Lakheani

==Reception==
Abhishek Srivastava of ''[[The Times of India|Times of India]]'' said that “Bihu Attack is one of those films that feels familiar from the very first frame, and not in a good way.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihu Attack Movie Review: A lame and predictable thriller that squanders a serious backdrop|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/bihu-attack/movie-review/126614260.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=30 January 2026|language=en}}</ref> Vinamra Mathur of ''[[Firstpost]]'' said that “Bihu Attack is a sincere movie because of its subject and honest approach, and it is much more than a thriller movie, as it aims to provide a social message to its audience by stating that education, talk, and social inclusion are very important tools to overcome extremisms.”<ref>{{Cite news|title='Bihu Attack' Movie Review: Arbaaz Khan and Daisy Shah's taut action-drama chronicles the battle against terrorism|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bihu-attack-movie-review-arbaaz-khan-and-daisy-shahs-taut-action-drama-chronicles-the-battle-against-terrorism-13969134.html|work=Firstpost|date=16 January 2026|access-date=30 January 2026|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260116021557/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bihu-attack-movie-review-arbaaz-khan-and-daisy-shahs-taut-action-drama-chronicles-the-battle-against-terrorism-13969134.html|archive-date=16 January 2026|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/bihu-attack/ ''Bihu Attack''] on [[Bollywood Hungama]]
* {{IMDb title|32065626}}
* [https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/bihu-attack.html Bihu Attack 2026 | Bihu Attack Hindi Movie: Release Date, Cast, Story, Ott, Review, Trailer, Photos, Videos, Box Office Collection – Filmibeat]
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-details/bihuattack/movieshow/118625211.cms ''Bihu Attack''] on [[Times of india]]

{{2020s-Hindi-film-stub}}

[[Category:2026 Hindi-language films]]

Perambalur Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T16:58:38Z

ClayAcosta: Created basic pg added tags

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 147
| map_image = Constitution-Perambalur.svg
| established = 1951
| district = [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency|Perambalur]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Secular Progressive Alliance}}
| mla = [[M. Prabhakaran]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| name = Perambalur
| electors = 290,666
| reservation = SC
}}
'''Perambalur''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=17 August 2022 |work=Tamil Nadu |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-04}}</ref> Its State Assembly Constituency number is 147. It comes under [[Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency]]. It is reserved for the [[Scheduled Castes]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| [[Palamimuthu]] and [[Paramasivam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[K. Periyannan]] and [[Krishnasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| [[T. P. Alagamuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[J. S. Rasu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[J. S. Raju]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[S. V. Ramasamy]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| J. S. Raju
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[K. Nallamuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[K. Pitchamuthu]]
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[T. Sezhiyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[M. Devarajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[P. Rajarathnam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[M. Rajkumar]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[R. Thamizhselvan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| R. Thamizhselvan
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[M. Prabhakaran]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.27}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.27}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|52.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|45.18}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.45}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.07}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|70.69}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Communist Party of India}}|34.51}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|63.88}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.98}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|56.53}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.28}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.38}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|22.49}}
{{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|16.10}}

}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. T. Jayalakshmi|party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamizhselvan]]|party=AIADMK|votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Suganya|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= K. Sivakumar|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes= |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes= |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 288449|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date= 19 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=perambalur Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a147|access-date= 12 Jun 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Prabhakaran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=122,090 |percentage=51.27% |change=+9.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamizhselvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=91,056 |percentage=38.24% |change=-7.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Maheshwari |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=18,673 |percentage=7.84% |change=+6.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rajendran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=2,932 |percentage=1.23% |change=-3.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,884 |percentage=0.79% |change=-0.57 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,034 |percentage=13.03% |change= 9.96% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=238,142 |percentage=78.67% |change= -1.50% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=455|percentage=0.19% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 302,692 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.00% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamizhselvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=101,073 |percentage=45.27% |change=-6.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Sivakami |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=94,220 |percentage=42.20% |change=+0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Rajendran |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=11,482 |percentage=5.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sathiyaseelan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=4,222 |percentage=1.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=3,040 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Arunkumar |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,521 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kaliyaperumal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,981 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Pichaimuthu |party=Shiv Sena |votes=1,311 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,853 |percentage=3.07% |change= -7.04% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=223,273 |percentage=80.17% |change= -2.44% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 278,485 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -6.92% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2011 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[R. Thamizhselvan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=98,497 |percentage=52.19% |change=+11.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Prabhakaran]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,418 |percentage=42.08% |change=-3.1 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=J. Jayabalaji |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=3,668 |percentage=1.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Ravichandran |party=Independent politician |votes=2,020 |percentage=1.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Krishnamoorthy |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,851 |percentage=0.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. P. Sellamuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,442 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Subhashini |party=Independent politician |votes=1,117 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=19,079 |percentage=10.11% |change= 5.15% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=188,725 |percentage=82.62% |change= 8.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 228,439 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 7.01% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Rajkumar]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,478 |percentage=45.18% |change=+7.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Sundaram |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,840 |percentage=40.22% |change=-13.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Manimegalai |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=12,007 |percentage=8.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Pugazhenthi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,481 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Bhaskaran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,934 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Pitchaimuthu |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,530 |percentage=1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,638 |percentage=4.96% |change= -10.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=133,863 |percentage=73.93% |change= 11.62% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 181,069 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.27% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Rajarathnam]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,074 |percentage=53.45% |change=+18.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Vallaban |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,070 |percentage=37.51% |change=-17.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kannan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,960 |percentage=5.55% |change=-0.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,395 |percentage=3.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,004 |percentage=15.94% |change= -3.91% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=125,499 |percentage=62.31% |change= -7.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,003 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.63% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Devarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,918 |percentage=55.07% |change=+31.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Murugesan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,517 |percentage=35.22% |change=-35.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Vibushnan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,762 |percentage=5.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. P. Thangavel |party=Independent politician |votes=611 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,401 |percentage=19.85% |change= -26.84% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=117,875 |percentage=69.72% |change= 5.56% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 177,313 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -15.61% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. Sezhiyan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=76,202 |percentage=70.69% |change=+63.36 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[M. Devarajan]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,868 |percentage=24.00% |change=-10.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Kulandan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=3,544 |percentage=3.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Anndurai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,412 |percentage=1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=50,334 |percentage=46.69% |change= 46.26% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=107,803 |percentage=64.16% |change= -4.37% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 173,979 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Communist Party of India |swing= 36.17% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Pitchamuthu]] |party=Communist Party of India |votes=34,829 |percentage=34.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Devaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,398 |percentage=34.09% |change=+3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Nallamuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,300 |percentage=21.11% |change=-42.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Selvaraju |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=7,389 |percentage=7.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Periyasami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,166 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,054 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=431 |percentage=0.43% |change= -32.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=100,912 |percentage=68.53% |change= -4.17% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 151,357 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Communist Party of India |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -29.36% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Nallamuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=57,021 |percentage=63.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Sarojini |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=27,751 |percentage=31.09% |change=-9.9 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Srinivasan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,657 |percentage=2.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Subramanian |party=Independent politician |votes=1,835 |percentage=2.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=29,270 |percentage=32.79% |change= 26.42% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=89,264 |percentage=72.71% |change= 14.24% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 130,635 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 22.89% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. S. Raju]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,680 |percentage=40.98% |change=+16.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Angamuthu |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,224 |percentage=34.62% |change=-21.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Vadivelu |party=Independent politician |votes=16,155 |percentage=23.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Janata Party |votes=529 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Veppanthatai Matesan |party=Independent politician |votes=389 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,456 |percentage=6.37% |change= -25.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,977 |percentage=58.47% |change= 1.86% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 121,376 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -15.54% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. V. Ramasamy]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=37,400 |percentage=56.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Velusamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=16,459 |percentage=24.88% |change=-30.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Chandrabose Chilliah |party=Janata Party |votes=8,826 |percentage=13.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Samy |party=Republican Party of India |votes=1,613 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kaliaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,173 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Ramalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=694 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,941 |percentage=31.65% |change= 9.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=66,165 |percentage=56.61% |change= -79.00% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,195 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 1.24% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. S. Raju]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,043 |percentage=55.28% |change=+4.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Periyanan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,335 |percentage=33.04% |change=-10.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kaliyaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=5,545 |percentage=7.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=2,700 |percentage=3.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,708 |percentage=22.24% |change= 14.98% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=70,623 |percentage=135.61% |change= 57.18% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,108 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.26% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[J. S. Raju]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=33,657 |percentage=51.03% |change=-4.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ayyakannu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,864 |percentage=43.76% |change=-0.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Kaliyaperumal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,978 |percentage=3.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kandasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,088 |percentage=1.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Palanimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=372 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,793 |percentage=7.27% |change= -3.50% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,959 |percentage=78.43% |change= -0.60% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,627 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.35% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[T. P. Alagamuthu]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=38,686 |percentage=55.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Rama Reddiar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=31,168 |percentage=44.62% |change=+22.12 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,518 |percentage=10.76% |change= 0.32% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,854 |percentage=79.03% |change= -17.01% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 91,148 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 32.89% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Krishnasami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=38,975 |percentage=22.49% |change=11.18% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Raja Chidambaram |party=Independent politician |votes=20,883 |percentage=12.05% |change= }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Periannan (SC) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,375 |percentage=11.76% |change=0.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Adimoolam |party=Independent politician |votes=17,626 |percentage=10.17% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Palanimuthu (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=14,181 |percentage=8.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Alagesa Naidu |party=Independent politician |votes=13,035 |percentage=7.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. R. Rathinasami (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=11,214 |percentage=6.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Gopal (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=10,263 |percentage=5.92% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Karuppan (SC) |party=Independent politician |votes=7,313 |percentage=4.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Gowdie |party=Independent politician |votes=4,805 |percentage=2.77% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pichamuthu (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes=4,742 |percentage=2.74% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,092 |percentage=10.44% |change=7.34% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,73,264 |percentage=96.04% |change= -20.75% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,80,411 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 6.39% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Paramasivam |party=Independent politician |votes=25,411 |percentage=16.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Thangavelu |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=20,524 |percentage=13.01% |change= }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Palamimuthu |party=Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party |votes=19,756 |percentage=12.52% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pariannan |party=Independent politician |votes=17,998 |percentage=11.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Govindan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,859 |percentage=11.32% |change=11.32% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Pernmal Reddiar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,374 |percentage=9.74% |change=9.74% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Vadival |party=Independent politician |votes=9,802 |percentage=6.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Jagannada Reddiar |party=Independent politician |votes=7,692 |percentage=4.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Haji Abdul Kadir Jamali |party=Independent politician |votes=7,049 |percentage=4.47% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Meyyan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,309 |percentage=4.00% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sivapichai |party=Republican Party of India |votes=5,441 |percentage=3.45% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,887 |percentage=3.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,57,788 |percentage=116.79% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,35,101 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.23|N|78.88|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Perambalur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Uzhaippali

2026-04-23T18:56:44Z

ClayAcosta:

{{short description|1993 film by P. Vasu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Uzhaippali
| image = Uzhaippali poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[P. Vasu]]
| writer = P. Vasu
| producer = [[B. Venkatarama Reddy]]
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]] [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]
| cinematography = M. C. Sekar
| editing = P. Mohanraj
| music = {{ubl|[[Ilaiyaraaja]] (songs)|[[Karthik Raja]] (background score)}}
| studio = [[Vijaya Vauhini Studios| Chandamama Vijaya Productions]]
| distributor = Ramana Film Distributors
| released = {{film date|1993|6|24|df=y}}
| runtime = 162 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Uzhaippali''''' ({{IPA|ta|uɻaɪpaːɭi|pron}} {{Translation|Hard worker}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama]] film, written and directed by [[P. Vasu]]. The film stars [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]]. It was released on 24 June 1993 and was a commercial success.

== Plot ==
Tamilazhagan, a stage artist, lives a simple life with his sister's family. One day, he's approached by wealthy brothers Ragupathy, Gajapathy, and Seethapathy, asking him to pretend as Tamilarasan, a long-lost heir returned from abroad, aiming to gain control over Janaki's valuable estate. Janaki, their sister, is in a coma with no memory. Tamilazhagan agrees and takes on Tamilarasan's identity, unaware of their true intentions. But Lawyer Balasubramaniam suspects foul play and sends Pachaiyappa to investigate.

Tamilazhagan, sensing something's off, escapes the estate, seeking honest work. He becomes a loader at a factory where his brother-in-law is a supervisor, unaware that it belongs to the brothers he escaped. He clashes with Duriyodhanan, who threatens labourers, taking part of their wages. Tamilazhagan fights Duriyodhanan's goons, earning co-workers' respect. Gajapathy's daughter, Vimala, meets Tamilazhagan at a cloth store, and after a comical encounter, she falls in love with him, admiring his character. Learning he's their factory worker, she saves him from losing his job. The brothers face a deadline: find Tamilazhagan within 30 days, or the properties go to the government.

Meanwhile, Tamilazhagan helps a friend by pretending to be his rich father to aid his marriage. At the wedding, Pachaiyappa suspects Tamilazhagan, pretending as the friend's father, is the escaped Tamilarasan. Tamilazhagan escapes Pachaiyappa and the police by dressing as [[Shiva]]. While escaping, Tamilazhagan enters a house, sees Janaki's photo, and faints, reminded of his past. Balasubramaniam rescues him, suspecting he's the real Tamilarasan, Janaki's biological son. With a doctor's help, Balasubramaniam uncovers Tamilarasan's traumatic past. The greedy brothers beat Janaki, forcing young Tamilarasan to consume poison, threatening to kill her. Janaki falls mentally ill, seeing her son's fate. Ragupathy orders the disposal of Tamilarasan's corpse; Gajapathy throws him off a cliff. A young girl and her father rescue him, finding him alive. Tamilarasan loses his memory due to poison, growing up as Tamilazhagan, the girl's adopted brother.

Upon recovery, Tamilarasan learns his maternal uncles are trying to loot his rightful property. To avenge them for his mother's condition, he reenters the estate with Balasubramaniam's help. Using his Tamilazhagan identity, he gains their trust. Balasubramaniam instructs him to find his father's killer, keeping his adopted sister's family secret, citing safety concerns. Tamilarasan meets his mother, but lies about being an orphan to Ragupathy's inquiry. He hides the truth from his adopted sister and Vimala, who's shocked to see Tamilazhagan as Tamilarasan. Tamilarasan maintains the ruse, portraying himself as two individuals to earn Vimala and her cousins' trust. Vimala tactically gets Tamilarasan arrested, but with Balasubramaniam's support, he appears in two places, making Vimala believe they're different individuals.

However, Tamilarasan confesses to Vimala that he's acting as Tamilazhagan to safeguard his property and mother. Realizing the cause, Vimala joins him. As part of the plan, Tamilarasan visits the factory, shocking his adopted sister's husband and friends, who think Tamilazhagan is cheating. Tamilarasan verbally accuses his maternal uncles of looting, with Vimala shouting that they don't need his property. They tear and burn the forged factory documents, foiling the greedy brothers' scheme. Tamilarasan's cold behaviour towards his adopted sister's husband makes the family decide to leave town, but Tamilarasan stops them, revealing the truth with Balasubramaniam's help. Ragupathy suspects Tamilarasan, beating his adopted sister's family, threatening them, and learning Tamilarasan's impersonation.

Tamilarasan re-enacts his childhood trauma before Janaki, restoring her memory. She reveals her brothers killed her husband, staging it as an accident, threatening her to remain silent or kill young Tamilarasan. Learning the truth, Tamilarasan seeks revenge, asking Janaki to pretend her memory isn't cured. The maternal uncles, learning Tamilarasan's true identity, pretend ignorance, playing along. On the day of property transfer, Ragupathy reveals he's aware of Tamilarasan's impersonation, having installed bombs with Duriyodhanan's help to ruin the property. Tamilarasan rushes to save factory workers, leading to a road chase, blocked by Duriyodhanan. Tamilarasan rescues his adopted niece, who is hung from a helicopter, killing Ragupathy's and Gajapathy's sons. He fights Duriyodhanan, pushing him into the fire, stopping the bomb, and evacuating workers. The maternal uncles are arrested for their crimes.

Tamilarasan reunites with his mother and adopted sister's family, marrying Vimala. He transfers properties to his adopted sister's family, choosing to work as a labourer, satisfied with his decision.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Tamilarasan/ Tamilazhagan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=9788184757965 |pages=153 |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |orig-date=2012}}</ref>
* [[Roja Selvamani|Roja]] as Vimala<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Radha Ravi]] as Ragupathy<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Tamilarasan's brother-in-law<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Goundamani]] as Pachaiyappa, Balasubramaniam's assistant<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Sujatha (actress)|Sujatha]] as Janaki<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[S. S. Chandran]] as Seethapathy<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Ravichandran (Tamil actor)|Ravichandran]] as Kathirvel Shanmuganathan, Tamilarasan's father (special appearance)<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Gajapathy<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Srividya]] as Tamilarasan's sister
* [[Kavitha (actress)|Kavitha]] as Manimegalai Gajapathy, Gajapathy's wife
* [[Sangeeta (Telugu actress)|Sangeeta]] as Kausalya Ragupathy, Ragupathy's wife
* [[Indraja (actress)| Baby Aishwarya]] as young Tamilarasan's sister
* [[Viji]] (special appearance in the song "Uzhaippali Illatha")
* [[Visu]] as Lawyer Balasubramaniam<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Rupini]] ([[Item number|special appearance]] in the song "Oru Maina")<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2020 |title=26 வருடங்களுக்கு பின் மீண்டும் நடிக்க வந்த சினிமா நடிகை! |trans-title=The film actress who returned to act after 26 years! |url=https://cinemaascope.com/26-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611083904/https://cinemaascope.com/26-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D/ |archive-date=11 June 2021 |access-date=11 June 2021 |website=Cinemaascope |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Pallavi (actress)|Pallavi]] (special appearance in the song "Oru Maina")
* [[Charle]] as Tamilarasan's friend<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Tamilarasan's friend<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Tamilarasan's friend
* [[Uday Prakash (actor)|Uday Prakash]] as Prakash, Ragupathy's son
* [[Puneet Issar]] as Duriyodhanan, a goon in the factory
* [[Prathapachandran]] as a doctor<ref name="moviefone" />
* [[Chokkalinga Bhagavathar]] as Tamilarasan's coworker
* [[Madhan Bob]] as a cloth shop owner
* Soundararajan as a drunkard
* [[Samikannu]] as a cook
* Veeraraghavan as a judge
* [[Ram Lakshman (stunt choreographers)|Ram Lakshman]] as Duriyodhanan's henchmen
* [[Thalapathy Dinesh|Dinesh]] as Duriyodhanan's henchman
;Uncredited
* [[Shagufta Ali]] (special appearance in the song "Oru Maina")
* [[Raghava Lawrence]] (special appearance in the song "Uzhaippali Illatha")<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2020 |title=#Throwback: Raghava Lawrence as a group dancer in Rajinikanth's Uzhaippali |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/throwback-raghava-lawrence-as-a-group-dancer-in-rajinikanths-uzhaippali/articleshow/76676981.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008083852/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/throwback-raghava-lawrence-as-a-group-dancer-in-rajinikanths-uzhaippali/articleshow/76676981.cms |archive-date=8 October 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
''Uzhaippali'' marked the comeback of Vijaya Productions who stopped producing for 20 years. This was P. Vasu's third collaboration with Rajinikanth after ''[[Panakkaran]]'' and ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]''. Unlike those films, this was not a remake, but an original story written by Vasu.<ref name="Dinamalar" /> Distributors issued a red card against Rajinikanth when he participated in a meeting with them and arguing about actors not slashing their salaries.<ref name="om" />

''Uzhaippali'' was launched with a [[Puja (Hinduism)|pooja]] at Vijaya Vauhini studio on 5 February 1993. The pooja was conducted even though the distributors were not willing to distribute the film and the Red Card against Rajinikanth was not removed.<ref name="om">{{Cite news |last=Nikam |first=Girish |date=28 February 1993 |title=Offstage Melodrama |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930228-offstage-melodrama-755849-1993-02-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201202041518/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930228-offstage-melodrama-755849-1993-02-28 |archive-date=2 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

During the shooting in [[Chikmagalur]], the cast and crew were denied rooms in a five-star hotel because P. Vasu's manager forgot to book the rooms in advance and missed paying the booking amount, so Rajinikanth had to sleep in a car. Vasu completed the film in 58 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2013 |title=ரஜினி எங்கே? டைரக்டர் பி.வாசு தவிப்பு!: ஓட்டலில் ரூம் கிடைக்காததால் காருக்குள் படுத்து தூங்கினார் |trans-title=Where was Rajini? Director P. Vasu's suffering! Rajini slept in car due to unavailability of hotel rooms |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/12231510/Where-is-the-Rajini-Director-p.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218114443/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/12231510/Where-is-the-Rajini-Director-p.html |archive-date=18 December 2014 |access-date=30 October 2013 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], and the lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uzhaippali (1993) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/uzhaippali-songs-T0000277 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714051953/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/Uzhaippali-songs-T0000277 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=10 September 2020 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 34:48
| title1 = Muthirai Eppodhu
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Kavita Krishnamurti]]
| length1 = 4:59
| title2 = Oru Kola Kili
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length2 = 4:56
| title3 = Oru Maina
| extra3 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], K. S. Chithra
| length3 = 5:05
| title4 = Uzhaippali Illatha
| extra4 = Mano
| length4 = 5:05
| title5 = Uzhaippaliyum Naane
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra
| length5 = 5:01
| title6 = Amma Amma
| note6 = Male
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length6 = 4:58
| title7 = Amma Amma
| note7 = Female
| extra7 = Sunandha
| length7 = 4:44
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Uzhaippali'' was released on 24 June 1993.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 June 1993 |title=Uzhaippali |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930624&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film was much in news as distributors banned Rajinikanth films and to resolve the issue, Rajinikanth met [[Kamal Haasan]] and the next day, ''Uzhaippali'' was announced. The film was released straight in theatres without the support of distributors and become a hit by running more than 100 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2013 |title=ரஜினியுடன் திரைப்பட விநியோகஸ்தர்கள் சமரசம் |trans-title=Rajini compromised with film distributors |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/11224912/Rajini-with-the-film-distribut.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218134605/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/11224912/Rajini-with-the-film-distribut.html |archive-date=18 December 2014 |access-date=30 October 2013 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2013 |title=தடையை மீறி தயாரான "உழைப்பாளி{{'}}{{'}} |trans-title=''Uzhaippali'' was made defying the ban |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/10221539/defiance-of-the-ban-ready-hard.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116010529/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/10221539/defiance-of-the-ban-ready-hard.html |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=30 October 2013 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref> When the film was ready for release, producer was in doldrums how to release it when there is Red Card on Rajinikanth. Rajinikanth came up with an idea to distribute the film directly to theatres. Rajinikanth distributed the film in NSC through his distribution company Ramana Film Distributors. In Chennai, ''Uzhaippali'' released in Albert, Abirami, Kamala, Crown and Sri Brinda. The film opening reservation was fabulous and almost 15 days houseful in reservation. The opening report was fantastic and became talk of the town. ''Uzhaippali'' had a non-stop run for 116 days in Chennai's Albert and Abirami and 150 days in Madurai's Cine Priya. The film released in overseas too especially in Singapore and Malaysia doing decent business.<ref name="Dinamalar" />

Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrotem "''Uzhaippali'' is a neat, unpretentious entertainer from reel one and Vasu has kept up the pace of narration without a moment's boredom".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=25 June 1993 |title=Develop amnesia...and it is all new |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19930625&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=5 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> At the [[14th Cinema Express Awards]], S. P. Balasubrahmanyam won the Best Playback Singer award.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 March 1994 |title=''Kizhakku Cheemayile'' adjudged best film |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v2FlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=339%2C511626 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408054633/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=v2FlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G5QNAAAAIBAJ&pg=339,511626 |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=10 May 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Dinamalar">{{Cite web |date=24 December 2017 |title=ஓல்டு இஸ் கோல்டு : 20 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு பிறகு தயாரிப்பில் இறங்கிய படநிறுவனம் ! |trans-title=Old Is Gold: The film company that went into production after 20 years! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/40881 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229054522/http://dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/40881 |archive-date=29 December 2017 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref>
<ref name="moviefone">{{Cite web |title=Uzhaippali Cast and Crew |url=https://www.moviefone.com/movie/uzhaippali/20056417/credits/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417084721/https://www.moviefone.com/movie/uzhaippali/20056417/credits/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2021 |website=[[Moviefone]]}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{P. Vasu}}

[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:1990s masala films]]
[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Vasu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films scored by Karthik Raja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Yogendra Prasad

2026-04-23T05:38:57Z

ClayAcosta: New New Stub

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Gomia Assembly constituency|Gomia]]
| term_start = 2014
| term_end = 2018
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Madhav Lal Singh
| party = [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
| term_start1 = 23 November 2024
| constituency1 = [[Gomia Assembly constituency|Gomia]]
| predecessor1 = [[Lambodar Mahto]]
| successor = Babita Devi
| minister = Minister for Excise and Prohibition of Jharkhand
| minister_from = 2024
| cabinet = [[Hemant Soren]]
| image = Yogendra Prasad.jpg
}}

'''Yogendra Prasad''' is an Indian politician from Jharkhand. He is a two time elected [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly|member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[2014 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2014]] and [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Gomia Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gomia Election Result 2024 LIVE: Yogendra Prasad of JMM Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/gomia-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130272.html |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2024 |title=Gomia (Jharkhand) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gomia-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684296/ |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Yogendra Prasad is a senior leader affiliated with the [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=India TV |title=Yogendra Prasad Performance in Gomia Assembly Elections 2024: Vote Margins & Live Trends – India TV News |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/gomia-constituency/candidate-list/yogendra-prasad |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

He has been serving as the Minister for Excise and Prohibition in the Jharkhand Cabinet under Chief Minister [[Hemant Soren|Hemant Soren’s]] leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=2024-12-05 |title=Jharkhand CM Hemant Soren expands Cabinet |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/jharkhand-cm-hemant-soren-expands-cabinet-six-jmm-four-congress-and-one-rjd-ministers-sworn-in/article68950031.ece |access-date=2025-01-17 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand]]
* [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Yogendra}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Jharkhand-politician-stub}}

Gram Vikas

2026-04-19T16:15:55Z

ClayAcosta: Creating info

{{more citations needed|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Gram Vikas
| logo = Gram Vikas Organization Logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| type = [[Non-governmental organisation]]
| founded = 1979 Mohuda, [[Odisha]]
| founder = [[Joe Madiath]]
| location = [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|[[Joe Madiath]]|(Chairman)|Liby T Johnson|(Executive Director)}}
| region_served = [[Odisha]] and [[Jharkhand]]
| focus = [[Water]], [[sanitation]], [[Livelihoods]], [[Education]] and Village Institutions
| method = [[Empowerment]], [[gender equality]], [[sustainability]], [[self-governance]]
| website = [http://www.gramvikas.org/ www.GramVikas.org]
}}

'''Gram Vikas''' is an Indian [[non-governmental organisation]] based in [[Odisha]], and founded in 1979.<ref name="DufloBanerjee2011">{{cite book|last1=Duflo|first1=Esther|last2=Banerjee|first2=Abhijit|title=Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tj0TF0IHIyAC&pg=PA46|access-date=12 January 2012|date=2012-01-12|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=978-1-58648-798-0|pages=46–}}</ref> Gram Vikas works towards building capabilities of village communities, strengthening community institutions and mobilising resources. Gram Vikas works on six focus areas which are water, livelihoods, sanitation & hygiene, habitat & technologies, village institutions and education.

n. The organisation continues to work towards sustainable development, aiming to enable resilient and dignified lives for five million people by 2030

"Gram Vikas" translates to "village development", both in [[Hindi]] and in [[Odia language]], the official language of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chowdhuri|first=Imran|author2=Filipe M. Santos|title=Scaling Social Innovations: The Case of Gram Vikas|journal=INSEAD|date=October 2010|pages=11|url=http://www.insead.edu/facultyresearch/research/doc.cfm?did=43646|access-date=19 January 2012}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==History==

===Origins===
Led by [[Joe Madiath]], 400 volunteers from the Young Students Movement for Development, [[Chennai]] came to [[Odisha]] after the [[1971 Odisha cyclone]] to undertake relief and rehabilitation work in the affected areas. They worked in villages in the then [[Cuttack]] district developing lift irrigation projects. This helped increase agricultural productivity for the farmers, but had little impact on the poor, who were mostly landless. Looking to do more work with the poor, they accepted an invitation from the [[Ganjam]] district administration to work with [[Adivasi]] communities in the district. The original plan was to develop a dairy cooperative. The team soon realised that working on dairy development will not benefit the tribal communities.

===Mobilisation for rights & development: 1979 onwards===
The Kondh tribe of the Kerandimal hills in [[Ganjam]] district were suffering at the hands of liquor merchants and from land alienation. The Kerandimal Gana Sangathan was mobilised as a movement of the [[Adivasi]] community to obtain their rights to address the development needs of the villages. The Adivasi Bhumi Adhikar Sangha, a peoples' movement in Thuamul Rampur block of [[Kalahandi]], successfully resisted the move to convert tribal agricultural lands into tea plantations and were able to retain control over their land.

The organisation then expanded its work to cover areas in Gajapati and [[Kalahandi]] districts working with Saura and Kondh tribes. The Integrated Tribal Development Programme supported village communities in community health, non-formal education, small savings and forest protection. Village Water & Sanitation Committees have been supported, to anchor, own and, manage community access to safe sanitation and water. VWSCs have been the key community institution interface for Gram Vikas since 1998.

===Education: 1982 onwards===
In remote tribal villages, government schools either did not exist or were not functioning. Education levels were very poor and the exploitation of people because illiteracy was high. Gram Vikas started balwadis, non-formal education centres and adult literacy programme in the Villages. Soon it became clear that NFE would never give tribal children the opportunity to join the mainstream education system and fully reach their potential. To meet this need, Kerandimal Middle Education School, a residential school for tribal children was established at Kankia, [[Ganjam]] district in 1982.

The four residential schools, managed now by independent trusts, cater to more than 1200 boys and girls from remote [[tribal]] villages. Mahendratanaya Ashram School was established at Koinpur, Gajapati district in 1992. In 1995, the KME school was upgraded as the Gram Vikas Residential School. Gram Vikas Shikhya Niketan was established at Kumudabahal in [[Kalahandi]] district in 1998. Gram Vikas Vidya Vihar was started in Rudhapadar, [[Ganjam]] district in 1992.

===Renewable energy: 1982 onwards===
Dwindling tree cover increased drudgery of women in collecting fuel for cooking. Biogas was identified as an appropriate technology alternative to address this. Between 1983 and 1993, Gram Vikas built 54,000 biogas plants across villages of [[Odisha]]. Gram Vikas has continued to adapt, demystify and disseminate renewable energy technologies for rural development. Work in solar PV, micro-hydro and biofuels for power generation and water pumping.

===Natural Resource Management: 1985 onwards===
To address challenges to livelihood security faced by the tribal communities, due to massive deforestation, Gram Vikas initiated the Social forestry Programme in 1985. About 10,000 hectares of private & community wasteland were brought under fruit, fuel & [[timber]] yielding species in [[Ganjam]], [[Gajapati district|Gajapati]] & [[Kalahandi]] districts. The tribals of [[Odisha]] practice shifting or slash-burn cultivation on hill slopes. Reduced access to common land due to stringent laws resulted in reduced rotation cycles in this practice and the degradation of land. [[Horticulture]] interventions and integrated land and [[water management]] measures were adopted to address this. Recurring droughts in the region also prompted focus on land and water management based on watershed principles. [[Water harvesting]] structures, [[soil conservation]] measures and [[drainage]] line treatment were taken up on a ridge-to-valley principle. Work on [[natural resource management]] also expanded to include the chronic drought-prone areas of [[Bolangir]] and [[Bargarh]] districts.

===Habitat Development: 1995 onwards===
Enabling rural communities to lead a dignified life meant supporting improvements in the physical living environment. Regular natural hazards like cyclone affect lives in coastal Odisha, causing damage to homes and property. Gram Vikas supports rural communities to build cost-effective, disaster-proof houses; community buildings and facilities such as schools, grain banks, roads, drainage etc.

===Water & Sanitation: 1994 onwards===
The high levels of morbidity caused by pollution of drinking water sources through improper disposal of human waste need to be addressed through a community-managed, all-inclusive mechanism. The Rural Health & Environment Programme was developed by Gram Vikas in 1995 through wide consultations with village communities in different parts of [[Odisha]]. The initiative emphasized the construction of twin leach pit toilets and bathing rooms, along with piped water supply systems, ensuring 24/7 access to clean water.

==Activities==
Since its inception, Gram Vikas has worked on a variety of [[Human development (humanity)|development]] issues, including [[biogas]] promotion, community [[forestry]], rural habitat development, and [[education]]. Since 2019, Gram Vikas has been working on six focus areas which are [[water]], livelihoods, [[sanitation]] & [[hygiene]], [[habitat]] & [[technologies]], village institutions and [[education]].

===Water===
Gram Vikas mobilizes and supports village communities to build and manage their own piped water supply systems and ensure continuous availability of clean water for drinking and domestic uses. Water integrated with sanitation facilities enable households to adopt safe sanitation practices and reduce drudgery for women. Awareness, knowledge and processes to ensure [[sustainability]] of water sources lead to communities becoming water secure in the long run.

===Livelihoods===
Gram Vikas ensures the sustainability of land and [[forest]] resources, skills people and creates diversified and secure income sources. [[Tribal]] communities access their rights over forests. They gain new knowledge in using natural resources thereby improving the land quality and making it more productive.

===Sanitation and Hygiene===
The organisation motivates communities to adopt safe [[sanitation]] and [[hygiene]] behaviour and helps them with building household infrastructure. This integrated water and sanitation model reduces incidents of water-borne diseases and lowers [[malnutrition]] rates thereby keeping children and families healthy. Access to private, safe toilets and bathrooms with water affords women dignity and reduces the daily drudgery of fetching and carrying water.

===Habitat and technologies===
The organisation has been promoting the use of [[Renewable resource|renewable]] and appropriate technologies in energy and housing. Together with communities, they build disaster-resistant houses making lives secure during natural disasters. Sustainable energy solutions bring water to and light up households in remote off-grid [[tribal]] villages.

===Village institutions===
Gram Vikas has been building village-level capabilities, structures and processes to enable stronger self-governance by the communities. The design of these structures and the principles of the processes ensure that women participate and lead. Community institutions take the leadership to influence local government decisions and stake claims to their rightful share in the resources deployed locally.

===Education===
The organisation supports Gram Vikas residential schools to provide high-quality and [[technology]] up-to-date education for children from [[Adivasi]] communities. Children go back to their communities as role models and inspire other families to educate their children. The special focus on girls results in equal or more girls, from communities that have historically had few educated girls, completing school.

===Outreach===
As of 2025, Gram Vikas has reached over 600,000 individuals across 1,700 villages in Odisha and Jharkhand.. The organisation's work has ensured the 2,14,920 women have access to safe, private bathrooms with running water and 54,571 families have [[Renewable energy|renewable]] energy sources for cooking. Work with village communities has resulted in 10,370 hectares of wasteland being regenerated for natural resources-based livelihoods.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.gramvikas.org/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=Gram Vikas}}</ref>

==Awards==

Source: <ref>{{cite web|title=Curriciculum Vitae: Dr. Joseph Madiath|url=http://direc2010.gov.in/pdf/joe-madiath.pdf|publisher=Delhi International Renewal Energy Conference 2010|access-date=12 January 2012|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234925/http://direc2010.gov.in/pdf/joe-madiath.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Awarded to Gram Vikas===
* Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Award (1995-1996)<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweeney|first=Tracie|title=India's Gram Vikas to receive Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Award|url=https://brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/1995-96/95-125.html|access-date=12 January 2012|newspaper=The Brown University News Bureau|date=5 April 1996}}</ref>
* Dr. K.S. Rao Memorial National Award (1998)
* [[Global Development Network]] - Japanese Award for Most Innovative Development Project (2001)<ref>{{cite web|title=2001 Global Development Awards and Medals Competition|url=http://cloud2.gdnet.org/cms.php?id=competition_details&competition_id=8|publisher=Global Development Network|access-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423034134/http://cloud2.gdnet.org/cms.php?id=competition_details&competition_id=8|archive-date=23 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[World Habitat Award]] (2003)<ref>{{cite web|title=Winner (2003) - Rural Health and Environment Programme|url=http://www.worldhabitatawards.org/winners-and-finalists/project-details.cfm?lang=00&theProjectID=130|publisher=World Habitat Awards|access-date=12 January 2012|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083809/http://www.worldhabitatawards.org/winners-and-finalists/project-details.cfm?lang=00&theProjectID=130|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[The Tech Awards|Tech Museum Awards Laureate]] - Accenture Economic Development Award (2003)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Tech Awards Laureates 2003|url=http://thetechawards.thetech.org/laureate/archive/2003|publisher=The Tech Awards|access-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113041302/http://thetechawards.thetech.org/laureate/archive/2003|archive-date=13 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[World Water Forum#Prizes|Kyoto World Water Grand Prize]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcement of the winner of the Kyoto World Water Grand Prize|url=http://www.worldwatercouncil.org/fileadmin/wwc/News/WWC_News/News_2006/CP_Kyoto_Prize_22-03-06.pdf|publisher=World Water Council|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref>
* [[Skoll Foundation#Award winners|Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship]] (2006)<ref>{{cite web|title=Social Entrepreneurs: Joe Madiath|url=http://www.skollfoundation.org/entrepreneur/joe-madiath/|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref>
* Winner – [[Ashoka: Innovators for the Public#Changemakers|Ashoka Changemakers Competition]] (2006)
* [[UNESCO]] Water Digest Best Water NGO Award (2009-2010)
* First Prize - 2nd Bihar Innovation Forum (2014)
* ISC-FICCI Sanitation Award (2018) <ref>{{cite web |last1=FICCI |title=ISC-FICCI Sanitation Awards 2018: A photo journey recognizing the distinguished award winning stories |url=http://ficci.in/study-page.asp?spid=22991&sectorid=14 |website=FICCI |access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>
* Sat Paul Mittal National Award 2021 for outstanding service to humanity (2021) <ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-10 |title=Sat Paul Mittal National Awards: Exemplary contributions towards betterment of society recognised |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sat-paul-mittal-national-awards-exemplary-contributions-towards-betterment-of-society-recognised-101636485370099.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927095824/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/sat-paul-mittal-national-awards-exemplary-contributions-towards-betterment-of-society-recognised-101636485370099.html |archive-date=2023-09-27 |access-date=2025-01-09 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>
* 10th Earth Care Awards 2022 for Community-based Climate Action (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gram Vikas Conferred With 10th Earth Care Award 2022 {{!}} Mycitylinks |url=https://www.mycitylinks.in/gram-vikas-conferred-with-10th-earth-care-award-2022/ |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=www.mycitylinks.in |language=en}}</ref>

===Awarded to Founder Joe Madiath===
* [[Asian Development Bank]]'s Water Champion Award<ref>{{cite web|last=Dueñas|first=Ma. Christina|title=Water Champion: Joe Madiath - Championing 100% Sanitation Coverage in Rural Communities in India|url=http://www.adb.org/water/champions/madiath.asp|publisher=Asian Development Bank|access-date=12 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528221821/http://www.adb.org/Water/Champions/madiath.asp|archive-date=28 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Schwab Foundation]]'s Outstanding Social Entrepreneur<ref>{{cite web|title=Profile: Joseph Madiath|url=http://www.schwabfound.org/sf/SocialEntrepreneurs/Profiles/index.htm?sname=117600&sorganization=0&sarea=0&ssector=0&stype=0|publisher=Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref>
* [[Godfrey Phillips National Bravery Awards|Godfrey Phillips Red and White Bravery Award]] - Social Lifetime Achievement Award (2005)
* Doctor of Divinity, [[Honorary degree|''honoris causa'']] – [[Gurukul Lutheran Theological College]]
* Lok Samman Award (2009)
* Lifetime Achievement Award for Social Work by Parichay Foundation (2016)

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1979 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1979]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Odisha]]
[[Category:Non-profit organisations based in India]]

Maham Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:47:39Z

ClayAcosta: Post.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Haryana State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Meham
|type= SLA
| map_image = Meham Assembly constituency map.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|alliance = 
|region =
|division =
|constituency_no = 60
|abolished = 
| mla = [[Balram Dangi]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| established = 1962
| state = [[Haryana]]
| district = [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Rohtak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rohtak]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 2,17,262
}}
'''Meham Assembly constituency''' is one of the 90 [[Haryana Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Haryana]] state in [[India]].<ref name=eci1>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=The Election Commission of India |pages=6, 148–157}}</ref>

It is part of [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]] district.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meham Assembly constituency Election Result 2024 - Candidates, MLAs, Live Updates & News |url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/meham.html |access-date= |website=www.elections.in}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1962 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Ram Dhari
|
|Haryana Lok Samiti
|-
|[[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Maha Singh Nehra
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1968]]
|Raj Singh Dalal
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Umed Singh
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Har Sarup Boora
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Devi Lal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lokdal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Anand Singh Dangi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="2" |Balbir Singh Malik
|{{Full party name with color|Samata Party}}
|-
|[[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Anand Singh Dangi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
|[[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[Balraj Kundu]]
|{{party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|[[Balram Dangi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
^By-election

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2024 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref name="Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Maham">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Haryana Assembly Election Results 2024 - Maham |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultGenOct2024/candidateswise-S0760.htm |accessdate=4 November 2024 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Balram Dangi
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 56,865
|percentage = 38.05
|change = {{increase}}11.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Balraj Kundu
|party = Haryana Jansevak Party
|votes = 38,805
|percentage = 25.96
|change = {{decrease}}9.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Radha Ahlawat
|party = Independent
|votes = 29,211
|percentage = 19.54
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Deepak Niwas Hooda]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 8,929
|percentage = 5.97
|change = {{decrease}}19.89
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vikash Nehra
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 8,610
|percentage = 5.76
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,060 |percentage=12.08% |change= {{increase}}3.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes= 2,00,698 |percentage=74.79% |change= {{decrease}}1.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,99,898 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}2.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref name=results2019>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11697-haryana-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Haryana Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 - Haryana - Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate= 2 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Balraj Kundu]] |party=Independent politician |votes=49,418 |percentage=35.39 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=37,371 |percentage=26.76|change={{decrease}}10.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Kharkara |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=36,106 |percentage=25.86 |change={{decrease}}4.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil Kumar Bintu |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=8,895 |percentage=6.37 |change={{increase}}3.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hargian Mokhra |party=Jannayak Janta Party |votes=5,122 |percentage=3.67 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thakur Joginder Pal Singh Samar |party=Loktanter Suraksha Party |votes=1,063 |percentage=0.76 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,047 |percentage=8.63 |change= {{increase}}1.48 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,39,627 |percentage=75.84 |change= {{decrease}}5.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,84,110 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref name=results2014>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResultS07.htm?st=S07|access-date=19 October 2014|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216120445/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS074.htm?ac=4|url-status=dead|title=Election Commission of India, Constituencywise-All Candidates }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=50,728 |percentage=37.56 |change={{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Kharkara |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=41,071 |percentage=30.41 |change={{increase}}29.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Satish Das |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=32,020 |percentage=23.71 |change={{increase}}10.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sourabh Farmana |party=Haryana Jan Chetna Party (V) |votes=5,889 |percentage=4.36 |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajesh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,371 |percentage=2.50 |change={{decrease}}0.91 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,657 |percentage=7.15 |change= {{increase}}1.20 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,35,043 |percentage=80.90 |change= {{increase}}3.13 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,66,933 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,964 |percentage=37.56% |change={{decrease}}16.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shamsher Kharkara |party=Independent politician |votes=36,998 |percentage=31.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=15,314 |percentage=13.08% |change={{decrease}}16.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anil |party=Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) |votes=8,450 |percentage=7.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil |party=Independent politician |votes=6,165 |percentage=5.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Rani Sharma |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,989 |percentage=3.41% |change={{decrease}}4.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ajit |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=674 |percentage=0.58% |change={{decrease}}5.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,966 |percentage=5.95% |change= {{decrease}}18.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,17,056 |percentage=77.77% |change= {{increase}}0.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,50,515 |ref = |change= {{increase}}23.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}16.22 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2005 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref name=results2005>{{cite web|url=http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016121341/http://www.indian-elections.com/assembly-elections/haryana/partywise-candidate-list1.html#inc |archive-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |title= Winning Candidate List for Haryana State Assembly Elections 2005 |publisher=Indian Elections }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=51,078 |percentage=53.78% |change={{increase}}13.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajbir |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=28,001 |percentage=29.48% |change={{decrease}}15.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapoor Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=7,582 |percentage=7.98% |change={{increase}}2.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Meena |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,606 |percentage=5.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rohtas |party=Rashtriya Lok Dal |votes=1,355 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Som Nath |party=Independent politician |votes=581 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=23,077 |percentage=24.30% |change= {{increase}}19.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=94,979 |percentage=77.70% |change= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,239 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Lok Dal |swing= {{increase}}8.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref name=results2000>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|title= STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2000 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HARYANA|publisher=eci.nic.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127204615/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_2000/STAT_REPORT_HY_LA_2000.pdf|archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Indian National Lok Dal |votes=38,167 |percentage=45.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=33,821 |percentage=40.25% |change={{increase}}8.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil |party=Independent politician |votes=4,887 |percentage=5.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalip S/O Amar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=4,657 |percentage=5.54% |change={{increase}}2.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraj Mal |party=Independent politician |votes=846 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarif Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=622 |percentage=0.74% |change={{decrease}}26.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldeep |party=Shoshit Samaj Party |votes=443 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,346 |percentage=5.17% |change= {{increase}}4.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=84,034 |percentage=77.68% |change= {{increase}}8.61 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,08,239 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.51 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Lok Dal |loser=Samata Party |swing= {{increase}}13.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1996 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=24,210 |percentage=32.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,953 |percentage=31.89% |change={{decrease}}31.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarup Singh |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=20,382 |percentage=27.14% |change={{increase}}20.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Deepak |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=2,244 |percentage=2.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balraj |party=Independent politician |votes=2,163 |percentage=2.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=257 |percentage=0.34% |change= {{decrease}}38.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=75,102 |percentage=71.51% |change= {{increase}}4.47 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,08,794 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.68 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Samata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}31.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf |title= Statistical Report of General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820040556/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/stat_rep_HR_91.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anand Singh Dangi]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,608 |percentage=63.75% |change={{increase}}34.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sube Singh |party=Janata Party |votes=17,259 |percentage=25.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Chander |party=Haryana Vikas Party |votes=4,842 |percentage=7.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaipal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,110 |percentage=1.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=743 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=26,349 |percentage=38.52% |change= {{increase}}0.22 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,407 |percentage=65.98% |change= {{decrease}}5.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,05,959 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.71 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}3.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref>{{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf |title=Statistical Report of General Election, 1987 to the Legislative Assembly of Haryana |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114081216/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1987/Statistical%20Report%20Haryana%201987.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Devi Lal]] |party=Lokdal |votes=45,576 |percentage=67.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sarup Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,595 |percentage=28.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tarif Singh |party=Vishal Haryana Party |votes=945 |percentage=1.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raghubir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=717 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,981 |percentage=38.30% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=67,837 |percentage=71.83% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,581 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Haryana Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Devi Lal]] |party=Lokdal |votes=38,598 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,229 |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=562 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Pal |party=Independent politician |votes=190 |percentage= |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,369 |percentage= |change= }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Lokdal |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Devi Lal]] |party=Lokdal |votes=36,324 |percentage=62.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Har Sarup Boora |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,649 |percentage=34.01% |change={{increase}}27.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paras Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=393 |percentage=0.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=16,675 |percentage=28.86% |change= {{decrease}}3.13 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,779 |percentage=69.81% |change= {{increase}}4.90 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,936 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Har Sarup Boora |party=Janata Party |votes=21,509 |percentage=49.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wazir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=7,524 |percentage=17.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=5,572 |percentage=12.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudarshan Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=4,952 |percentage=11.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,941 |percentage=6.73% |change={{decrease}}36.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaipal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=890 |percentage=2.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nand Kishore |party=Independent politician |votes=205 |percentage=0.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,985 |percentage=31.99% |change= {{increase}}30.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,716 |percentage=64.50% |change= {{decrease}}6.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,374 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}4.26 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Umed |party=Independent politician |votes=19,654 |percentage=44.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=19,042 |percentage=43.54% |change={{decrease}}5.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chatru |party=Independent politician |votes=4,546 |percentage=10.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tale Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=493 |percentage=1.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=612 |percentage=1.40% |change= {{increase}}0.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=43,735 |percentage=72.07% |change= {{increase}}6.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,960 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1968 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1968 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham<ref>{{Cite web|title=Haryana Assembly Election Results in 1967|url=https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|access-date=2021-06-20|website=Elections in India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228150129/https://www.elections.in/haryana/assembly-constituencies/1967-election-results.html/|archive-date=28 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Raj Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,479 |percentage=48.95% |change={{increase}}14.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maha Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=16,253 |percentage=48.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hawa Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=530 |percentage=1.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Lubhaya |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=402 |percentage=1.19% |change={{decrease}}5.97 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=226 |percentage=0.67% |change= {{decrease}}13.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,664 |percentage=65.38% |change= {{decrease}}10.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,534 |ref = |change= {{increase}}1.34 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Haryana Legislative Assembly election]]: Meham}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=18,875 |percentage=48.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Prasad |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,361 |percentage=34.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=2,764 |percentage=7.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=2,315 |percentage=6.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Krishan |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes=918 |percentage=2.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hardeva |party=Republican Party of India |votes=347 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,514 |percentage=14.29% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,580 |percentage=77.77% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,840 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Haryana Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Rohtak district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Haryana constituencies}}

{{coord|28.97|76.3|display=title}}

[[Category:Rohtak district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Haryana]]
[[Category:Politics of Haryana]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Haryana]]

Broadway Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:54:07Z

ClayAcosta: Creating new stub!

{{Short description|Former constituency in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Broadway
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| constituency_no =
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| district = [[Bangalore district|Bangalore]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bangalore City Lok Sabha constituency|Bangalore City]]
| established = 1957
| abolished = 1967
| electors = 
| reservation = None
| mla =
| party =
| latest_election_year =
}}
'''Broadway Assembly constituency''' was one of the vidhana sabha constituencies in the state assembly of [[Mysore State]], in India. It was part of [[Bangalore City Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="delimitation1961">{{cite web |date=7 December 1961 |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1961 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3950-dpaco-1961/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || Mohammad Shariff || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| bgcolor="#FFF58A" | [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || H. R. Abdul Gaffar
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1962 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Broadway <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006093153/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Mysore_1962.pdf |archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = H. R. Abdul Gaffar |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 6,243 |percentage = 27.86% |change = {{decrease}}23.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = H. Syed Ahamed |party = Independent politician |votes = 4,718 |percentage = 21.06% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. Neelaveni |party = Swatantra Party |votes = 3,489 |percentage = 15.57% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = D. Ponnurangam |party = Independent politician |votes = 2,862 |percentage = 12.77% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Hameed Shah |party = Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,529 |percentage = 11.29% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. V. Pathy |party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes = 2,265 |percentage = 10.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = N. R. Murthy |party = Independent politician |votes = 300 |percentage = 1.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,525 |percentage = 6.81% |change = {{decrease}}5.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 23,326 |percentage = 56.74% |change = {{increase}}13.81 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 22,406}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,111 |ref = |change = {{decrease}}1.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}23.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1957 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1957 Mysore State Legislative Assembly election]] : Broadway <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Mysore |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111195053/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Mysore_1957.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Mohammad Shariff |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 9,159 |percentage = 51.30% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = S. Hameed Shah |party = Independent politician |votes = 7,019 |percentage = 39.32% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = M. Nagaraj |party = Independent politician |votes = 1,675 |percentage = 9.38% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,140 |percentage = 11.99% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 17,853 |percentage = 42.93% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 17,853}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,589 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coord|12.988271|77.603150|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Politics of Bengaluru]]

{{BangaloreUrban-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Rajpura Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:49:20Z

ClayAcosta: Created the data w/ sources

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Punjab State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Rajpura
| map_image = 111-Rajpura.svg
| mla = [[Neena Mittal]]
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| district = [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| established = 1956
| loksabha_cons = [[Patiala (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patiala]]
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:182694}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date= 15 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 111
}}
'''Rajpura Assembly constituency''' is one of the 111<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituencies {{!}} District Patiala, Government of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://patiala.nic.in/constituencies/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab Assembly Factbook : Rajpura Assembly {{!}} Indiastatpublications.com |url=https://www.indiastatpublications.com/assembly_factbook/punjab/patiala/rajpura |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.indiastatpublications.com}}</ref> [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/lpac.aspx |title=List of Parliamentary Constituencies and Assembly Constituencies in the State of Punjab as determined by the delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituency notification dated 19th June, 2006 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |date=19 June 2006 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|title= List of Punjab Assembly Constituencies|accessdate= 19 July 2016|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033326/http://ceopunjab.nic.in/english/Elections/SE/List%20Of%20AC%20Name.pdf|archivedate= 23 April 2016}}</ref>
It is part of [[Patiala district|Patiala]] district and is unreserved.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1997]]
| [[Balram Ji Dass]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2002 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan=2|[[Raj Khurana]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|rowspan=2|[[Hardial Singh Kamboj]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|-
|[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Neena Mittal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2022 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2022]]: Rajpura}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[Neena Mittal]]<ref name="2022 Punjab AAP candidates">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Aam Aadmi Party candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-aam-aadmi-party-candidates/2404732/ |access-date=23 January 2022 |work=The Financial Express |date=21 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:54834}}
|percentage = 40.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Jagdish Kumar Jagga]]
|votes = {{formatnum:32341}}
|percentage = 23.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Hardial Singh Kamboj]]<ref name="Punjab INC 2022">{{cite news |title=Punjab Elections 2022: Full list of Congress Candidates and their Constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-elections-2022-full-list-of-congress-candidates/2407341/ |access-date=18 February 2022 |work=FE Online |agency=The Indian Express Group |issue=The Financial Express (India) |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:28589}}
|percentage = 21.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiromani Akali Dal
|candidate = Charanjit Singh Brar
|votes = {{formatnum:15006}}
|percentage = 11.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:936}}
|percentage = 0.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:22493}}
|percentage = 16.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:136759}}
|percentage = 74.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:182688}}
|ref=<ref name="Punjab Election 2022">{{cite web |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2022 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14165-punjab-general-legislative-election-2022/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2017"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2017"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Assembly election, 2017]]: Rajpura<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3614-punjab-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Punjab General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date= 26 June 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Hardial Singh Kamboj]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:59107}}
|percentage = 46.151
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ashutosh Joshi|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes={{formatnum:26542}}|percentage=20.72|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Harjit Singh Grewal]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:19151}}|percentage=14.95|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Jagdish Kumar Jagga|party=Independent|votes={{formatnum:15073}}|percentage=11.77|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes={{formatnum:1026}}|percentage=0.81|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:32565}}|percentage=25.6|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:127047}}|percentage=76.9|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:166627}}
|ref=<ref name=electors2017>{{cite web |url=http://ceopunjab.nic.in/English/Elections/SE/VS2017/D03-Electors%20and%20Polling%20Stations%20VS%202017.pdf |title=Electors and Polling Stations - VS 2017 |author=Chief Electoral Officer - Punjab |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Patiala district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Punjab Assembly Election results |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/86-punjab/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Punjab}}
{{coord|30.48|76.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Patiala district]]
[[Category:Politics of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in East Punjab]]

Rambilas Meena

2026-04-11T20:51:38Z

ClayAcosta: Created initial entry nd citations

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rambilas Meena
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| predecessor = [[Parsadi Lal Meena]]
| constituency = [[Lalsot Assembly constituency|Lalsot]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1976|08|04}}
| birth_place = Dungarpur, [[Dausa district]], Rajasthan, India
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}}[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]
| profession = Agriculture, business, politician
}}

'''Rambilas Meena''' (born 4 August 1976) is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He was elected to the [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Lalsot Assembly constituency|Lalsot]] constituency in the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections, defeating incumbent MLA [[Parsadi Lal Meena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Lalsot Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Rambilas with 120110 defeats INC's Parsadilal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lalsot-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470704-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/dausa/lalsot/news/lalsot-election-results-2023-update-rambilas-meena-bjp-vs-parsadi-lal-meena-congress-132228082.html</ref><ref>https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/lalsot-rajasthan-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830470-2023-12-03</ref><ref>https://vikalptimes.com/bjp-candidate-ram-bilas-meena-won-in-lalsot-parsadi-lal-meena-lost-from-congress/</ref>

He is a first-time MLA and has expressed commitment to tackling corruption in the administrative system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नवनिर्वाचित विधायक रामविलास मीणा का बड़ा बयान, 'भ्रष्ट अधिकारी होंगे गेट आउट' |url=https://rajasthan.ndtv.in/rajasthan-news/big-statement-of-newly-elected-mla-ram-vilas-meena-corrupt-officers-will-get-out-4651196 |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=rajasthan.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Rambilas Meena has been actively involved in regional politics as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP), focusing on tribal welfare and rural development in Rajasthan's Dausa district. He first contested the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections in 2018 from the [[Lalsot Assembly constituency]], a seat reserved for Scheduled Tribes. Despite a strong campaign, he lost to senior Congress leader [[Parsadi Lal Meena]].

In the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]]s, he again contested from Lalsot and secured a decisive victory by defeating [[Parsadi Lal Meena]] with a margin of over 47,000 votes. This win marked his debut in the state assembly as a first-time MLA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Lalsot Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Rambilas with 120110 defeats INC's Parsadilal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lalsot-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470704-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral record==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:90%; text-align: center;"
|+ Election results
! Year !! Office !! Constituency !! Candidate (Party) !! Votes !! % !! Opponent (Party) !! Opponent Votes !! Opponent % !! Result !! Ref
|-
| [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] || Lalsot (ST) || Rambilas Meena ([[BJP]]) [[File:Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg|frameless|21x21px]] || 1,20,962 || 60.77 || Parsadi Lal Meena ([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) [[File:Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg|frameless|21x21px]] || 73,894 || 37.12 || {{Won}} || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/lalsot]
|-
| [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] || Lalsot (ST) || Rambilas Meena ([[BJP]]) [[File:Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg|frameless|21x21px]] || 79,754 || 45.97 || Parsadi Lal Meena ([[Indian National Congress|INC]]) [[File:Indian_National_Congress_Flag.svg|frameless|21x21px]] || 88,828 || 51.20 || {{Lost}} || [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/rajasthan/constituency-show/lalsot]
|}

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Rajasthan MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:People from Dausa district]]
{{improve categories|date=July 2024}}

{{Rajasthan-BJP-politician-stub}}

Mughalsarai Assembly constituency

2026-04-10T16:49:32Z

ClayAcosta: Done

{{Short description|Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituency, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mughalsarai
| map_image = 380-Mughalsarai.svg
| mla = [[Ramesh Jaiswal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]]
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| electors = 4,00,830
| constituency_no = 380
}}
'''Mughalsarai''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Mughalsarai in the [[Chandauli district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India.<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref> It is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Chandauli Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 380 amongst 403 constituencies.

As of 2022, the [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] from the seat is [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Ramesh Jaiswal]] who won in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] by defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Chandra Shekhar Yadav by a margin of 14,921 votes.<ref name="election2022">{{cite news |title=Mughalsarai Assembly Seat Result LIVE: मुगलसराय सीट पर भाजपा का परचम लहराया, रमेश जायसवाल जीते |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/ghazipur-mughalsarai-assembly-seat-result-live-update-win-loss-ramesh-jaiswal-chandra-shekhar-yadav-irshad-ahamad-chabbu-patel-4053450.html |access-date=10 April 2022 |work=News18 |date=10 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="election2022-1">{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh-Mughalsarai |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS24380.htm?ac=380 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=10 April 2022}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Mughalsarai Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/mughalsarai.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Shyam Lal Yadav
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Uma Shanker
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (India)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (India, 1948)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Shyam Lal Yadav
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Uma Shanker
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Ganji Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Ramchandra Sharma
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
|Ganji Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| rowspan="3" |Chabbu Patel
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
| rowspan="2" |Ram Kishan Yadav
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Babban Singh Chouhan
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
|[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Sadhana Singh (politician)|Sadhana Singh]]
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Ramesh Jaiswal]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mughalsarai<ref name="election2022"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Ramesh Jaiswal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:102216}}
|percentage = 42.4
|change = +4.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Chandra Sekhar Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:87295}}
|percentage = 36.21
|change = +4.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Irshad Ahmad (Bablu)
|votes = {{formatnum:31602}}
|percentage = 13.11
|change = -11.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chhabbu Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:5344}}
|percentage = 2.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Abid Ali
|votes = {{formatnum:4677}}
|percentage = 1.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|candidate = Shailesh Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:4079}}
|percentage = 1.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1700}}
|percentage = 0.71
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:14921}}
|percentage = 6.19
|change = +0.5
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:241076}}
|percentage = 60.14
|change = -1.63
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Mughalsarai<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sadhana Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:87401}}
|percentage = 37.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Babulal
|votes = {{formatnum:74158}}
|percentage = 31.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Tilak Dhari
|votes = {{formatnum:57219}}
|percentage = 24.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
|candidate = Babban
|votes = {{formatnum:7811}}
|percentage = 3.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1950}}
|percentage = 0.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:13243}}
|percentage = 5.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:232617}}
|percentage = 61.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{coord|25.28|83.12|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Nagar]]
[[Category:Chandauli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Uday Nagaraju, Baron Nagaraju

2026-03-30T04:30:44Z

ClayAcosta: New Data

{{Short description|British politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = The Lord Nagaraju of Bloomsbury
| office1 = [[Member of the House of Lords]]
| status1 = [[Lord Temporal]]
| term_label1 = [[Life peer]]age
| term_start1 = 29 January 2026
| term_end1 =
| birth_date = 1979
| birth_place = [[Telangana]], India
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]
}}

'''Udaykumar Nagaraju, Baron Nagaraju''' (born September 1979) is a British politician of Indian origin.

== Career ==
Nagaraju was born in [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-17 |title=Telangana-born techie to contest UK election as Labour candidate |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/uk-news/story/indian-origin-telangana-techie-uday-nagaraju-parliamentary-election-uk-north-bedfordshire-it-professional-2540262-2024-05-17 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is a computer technology graduate from Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-17 |title=Hyderabad man to fight UK polls as Labour candidate in Jan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyd-man-to-fight-uk-polls-as-labour-candidate-in-jan/articleshow/110189477.cms |access-date=2025-12-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Ramtek (Class of 1996-2000, RTM Nagpur University). He is a technology and AI consultant by profession.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Potential parliamentary candidate for Buckingham and Bletchley vows to make area 'AI safety capital of the world' |url=https://www.miltonkeynes.co.uk/news/politics/potential-parliamentary-candidate-for-buckingham-and-bletchley-vows-to-make-constituency-ai-safety-capital-of-the-world-4524287 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=Milton Keynes Citizen |language=en}}</ref>

== Technology career ==
In addition to his political work, Nagaraju is the founder and director of AI Policy Labs, a policy organisation focused on artificial intelligence governance and public policy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Peerages December 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/political-peerages-december-2025}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Nagaraju was a Labour candidate for [[Chiswick Gunnersbury]] ward in the [[2022 Hounslow London Borough Council election]], finishing fifth. Nagaraju stood unsuccessfully to be the candidate for [[Milton Keynes North]], losing to [[Chris Curtis (politician)|Chris Curtis]] by 83% to 17% (151 votes to 31 votes).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Neame |first=Katie |date=2022-11-28 |title=Three Labour parliamentary candidates selected over the weekend |url=https://labourlist.org/2022/11/three-labour-parliamentary-candidates-selected-over-the-weekend-2/ |access-date=2026-02-04 |website=LabourList |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nagaraju was adopted as the Labour candidate for the [[North Bedfordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North Bedfordshire constituency]] at the [[2024 United Kingdom general election]], having been the only candidate on the shortlist, before losing to [[Richard Fuller (Conservative politician)|Richard Fuller]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uday Nagaraju has been selected as Labour's Parliamentary Candidate for North Bedfordshire |url=https://www.laboureast.org.uk/news/2024/05/14/uday-nagaraju-has-been-selected-as-labours-parliamentary-candidate-for-north-bedfordshire/ |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=Labour East |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election result for North Bedfordshire (Constituency) - UK Parliament |url=https://members.parliament.uk/constituency/4199/election/422 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=members.parliament.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guinn |first=John |date=2024-06-14 |title=North Bedfordshire Labour candidate says he'll be available for all |url=https://www.bedfordindependent.co.uk/north-bedfordshire-labour-candidate-says-hell-be-available-for-all/ |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=Bedford Independent |language=en-GB}}</ref> He was nominated for a [[life peerage]] as part of the [[2025 Political Peerages]]; he was created as '''Baron Nagaraju''', of [[Bloomsbury]] in the London Borough of Camden on 29 January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Peerages December 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/political-peerages-december-2025 |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=64982|page=1870|date=4 February 2026}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nagaraju, Uday}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:British people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) life peers]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Charles III]]
[[Category:21st-century British politicians]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

{{UK-bio-stub}}

Diskit Monastery

2026-03-25T23:24:52Z

ClayAcosta:

{{Short description|Buddhist monastery in Ladakh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name = Diskit Monastery Galdan Tashi Chuling Gompa
|image = Diskit Gompa 2.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Diskit Monastery
|map_type = India Ladakh
|coordinates = {{coord|34|32|28|N|77|33|37|E|type:landmark_region:IN-JK|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location within India
|map_size = 250
|location = [[Diskit]], [[Nubra Valley|Nubra]], [[Leh district|Leh]], [[Ladakh]], India
|founded_by = Changzem Tserab Zangpo
| founded = 14th century
|sect = [[Gelugpa]]
|dedicated_to = [[Tsong Khapa]]
|head_lama =
|architecture = Tibetan Architecture
|festivals = Desmochhey
|footnotes = Located in Diskit village, the headquarters of Nubra Valley
}}

[[File:Maitreya Buddha - Nubra.jpg|220px|thumb|33 metre statue of [[Maitreya Buddha]] near Diskit monastery facing down the [[Shyok River]] towards the [[Nubra Valley]]]]
'''Diskit Monastery''' also known as '''Deskit Gompa''' or '''Diskit Gompa''' is the oldest and largest [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monastery ([[gompa]]) in [[Diskit]], [[Nubra Valley]] of the [[Leh district]] of [[Ladakh]].<ref name = "INDIA">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Sarina |title=India|publisher=Lonely Planet.|series=Lonely Planet.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fk8FQa2ZSFQC&q=diskit&pg=PA329|pages = 313, 329 | isbn=978-1-74059-694-7|year=2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2069711/|title=Diskit Gompa|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|access-date=25 January 2010|archive-date=7 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907002352/http://www.slate.com/id/2069711/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is 115 km north of Leh.

It belongs to the [[Gelugpa]] (Yellow Hat) sect of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and was founded by Changzem Tserab Zangpo, a disciple of [[Tsong Khapa]], founder of Gelugpa, in the 14th century.<ref name="Temples">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhist-temples.com/buddhist-monastery/ladakh/diskit-hundur.html|title=Diskit & Hundur|publisher=Buddhist-temples.com|access-date=7 October 2009}}</ref><ref name=dream>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dreamladakh.com/ladakh.htm|title= Diskit Gompa|access-date=2009-12-24}}</ref> It is a sub-gompa of the [[Thikse]] gompa.

Lachung Temple and [[Hundur Monastery]] are also located nearby, the latter below the main road near a bridge.<ref name="Temples"/><ref name=dream/>

The monastery has a statue of Cho Rinpoche (Crowned Buddha) in the prayer hall, a huge drum and several images of fierce guardian deities. An elevated cupola of the monastery depicts a fresco of the [[Tashilhunpo Monastery]] of Tibet.

The monastery administration runs a school, with support from a non-government organization known as the "Tibet Support Group". The school has computer facilities and teaches science subjects, in English, to Tibetan children of the region.

A popular festival known as ''Dosmoche'' or the "Festival of the Scapegoat" is held in the precincts of the monastery in February, largely attended by people from villages of the [[Nubra Valley]] since the other regions in [[Leh]] are inaccessible during this period due to heavy snowfall.

==History==
[[File:Virudhaka-Dhritarastra-Virupaksha-Vaisarvana.jpg|thumb|left|A renovated mural depicting the [[Four Heavenly Kings]] opposite a prayer hall (2009). The same mural is seen in a ruined stage in the 2004 photo (below, in Structures) at the top of the stairs.]]

The Diskit monastery was founded by Changzem Tserab Zangpo in the 14th century.<ref name="dream"/> Ladakh was then ruled by King Grags-pa-'bum-lde (1400–1440) and his brother, who unsuccessfully attempted to usurp Nubra Valley, which was under a local ruler named Nyig-ma-grags-pa. The local ruler assisted a Gelugpa order advocate to build the monastery at Diskit and deify the idol of [[Tsong Khapa]], the founder of the Gelugpa sect, in the monastery. During the rule of King Blogros-chog-idan (1440–1470) who had even controlled western Tibet, Panchen Lha-btsun - a resident of Nubra Valley by birth - studied in Tibet and later became a regent to the founder of [[Tashilhunpo Monastery]] and finally during his last stage of life returned to Nubra. His remains have been preserved in [[Chamshan Charasa|Charasa]]. In 1500, Ladakh was ruled by Bkra-shis-rnam-rgyal, who fought the invader [[Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat|Mirza Haider]] of [[Central Asia]], in Nubra and close to Leh, finally defeated the latter and thus brought Nubra under the Ladakh king's rule. Even then, the local chieftains still yielded power in Diskit and [[Hundar, India|India]]. [[Shia]] Muslims started settling in Nubra after this war. Bkra-shis-rnam-rgyal' son, Tshedbang-rnam-rgyal, ruled Ladakh from 1530 and expanded his kingdom. At that time, Nubra people prevailed on him and prevented him from invading [[Hor]] in [[Xinjiang]], as trade with [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] was considered crucial to Nubra. During the reign of [[Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa)|Jams-dbang-rnam-rgyal]], historical records indicate that a regular tribute payment was made by the Nubra people to the king. King Bde-'Idanrnam-rgyal (1620–45) successfully defeated [[Baltistan]] and the [[Mughals]]. Rgyal kings were very religious and built [[Mani stone|mani]] walls throughout their kingdom. Monks were specially engaged to recite hymns of ''Mani-tung chur'' in Nubra Valley and in other surrounding areas. In the mid-eighteenth century, Tshe-dbang-rnam-rgyal gave control of Diskit monastery to the [[Rinpoche]] of [[Thikse Monastery]] and this arrangement has been perpetuated to this day. Since then, Diskit is considered a sub-gompa of Thikse.<ref name= Osmaston>{{cite book|last= Osmaston|first= Henry|author2=Nawang Tsering|title= Recent research on Ladakh 6: proceedings of the sixth InternationalConference|work=A brief History of Nubra Valley|pages=254–255|access-date=2009-12-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jX552GiSmYC&pg=RA3-PA255|publisher= Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|year=1997|isbn= 81-208-1432-0}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Shoyok and Nubra Valley map.jpg|thumb|left|Location of Diskit and Khardong La pass in the [[Nubra Valley]]]]
The Diskit monastery is situated on a hill above the flood plains of the [[Shyok River]], on its right bank in the Diskit village ({{convert|3144|m|ft}}) in Nubra Valley. [[Nubra River]] is a tributary of the Shyok River, which flows parallel to the [[Indus River]] on the northern side of the [[Ladakh Range]]. Since the valley is at a lower elevation, it has a mild climate, which has created lush vegetation, so the valley is therefore called the "orchard of Ladakh". The valley was part of the [[trade route|caravan route]] between Tibet and China. The valley is also the home of the double-humped [[Bactrian camel]]. It is located past [[Leh]], beyond the [[Khardung La]] pass. Since the mountains often become impassable in winter, Diskit village and the monastery in the valley are primarily the congregation centre for people of the valley. Diskit is the headquarters of the [[Nubra Valley]] and thus has government offices with basic facilities. It is also connected by road with Leh.<ref name=Shashi>{{Cite book|last=Shashi|first= S.S.|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian tribes|work=Diskit Monastery| page=208| access-date=2009-12-25| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vlTgSNdJTxkC&pg=PA208|publisher= Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|year=1997|isbn=81-7041-836-4}}</ref><ref name=Bindloss>{{Cite book|last=Bindloss|first=Joe|author2=Sarina Singh|title= India|work=Diskit|page=384|access-date=2009-12-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7ZHUhSEleYC&pg=PA384|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2007|isbn= 978-1-74104-308-2}}</ref><ref name=trek>{{Cite web|url= http://www.trekkinginladakh.com/nubra-valley-trek.html|title= The Nubra Valley Trekking|access-date= 2009-12-24|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120316092547/http://www.trekkinginladakh.com/nubra-valley-trek.html|archive-date= 16 March 2012|url-status= dead}}</ref>{{rs?|date=February 2023}}
[[File:Monk at Diskit Gompa.jpg|thumb|left|A monk meditates on a terrace at Diskit monastery, with [[Nubra Valley]] and [[Diskit]] village in the background]]
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
Access road to the monastery is from Diskit village along a rugged and dusty road that crosses a stream in the middle of the village.

The village reached from Leh by the Khardung pass. Traffic may be disrupted between October and May due to snowfall and landslides. This road is often incorrectly called to be the highest motorable road in the world.{{cn|date=February 2023}} The road from Leh passes through South Pullu (an army camp), then [[Khardung La]] ({{convert|5359|m|ft}}), and down to North Pullu. Foreign visitors have to register their entry to Nubru Valley here. The road moves down to [[Khardung]] village, slopes down to the [[Khalsar, India|Khalsar]] village on the valley floor, then bifurcates. The left branch from Khalsar village leads to Diskit and [[Hunder]] villages, while the right branch leads to [[Sumur, Ladakh|Sumur]] and [[Panamik]] villages.<ref name=Bindloss/> Leh to Diskit is {{convert|150|km|mi}} by a road that is maintained by the [[Indian Army]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tourism-of-india.com/nubravalley.html|title= Nubra Valley|access-date=2009-12-25}}</ref>{{rs?|date=February 2023}}

==Structures==
[[File:Diskit-gompa-1.jpg|thumb|Approach to the Monastery]]
Diskit Monastery was built at the edge of the access road. This road links to Parthapur and Those. A flight of stone steps leads to the prayer hall of the monastery. A statue of [[Maitreya Buddha]] is enshrined in the hall, and a huge drum. In the chamber on the second floor are many images of fierce guardian deities.<ref name=Bindloss/>

Diskit Monastery also has an elevated cupola, with a fresco depicting the [[Tashilhunpo Monastery]] of Tibet, a number of shrines, and [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] texts in the storehouse.<ref name="Temples"/> Diskit Monastery is connected to [[Mongol mythology]]: an evil anti-Buddhist Mongol demon is said to have once lived and been killed near the monastery grounds, but have been resurrected several times.<ref name="Temples"/> Today, the wrinkled head and hand of the demon are believed to lie inside a temple in the monastery.<ref name="Temples"/>

{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Diskit-gompa-3.jpg
| width1 = 150
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Diskit-gompa-4.jpg
| width2 = 150
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Left: Steps up to recent extensions to the monastery. (2004) Right: [[Maitreya Buddha]] in the hall
}}

Recent extensions to the monastery building are in good shape but the dukhang ("main prayer hall") and zimcchungh are not in good condition. Paintings are covered with soot and images are kept in total disorder. The older part of the monastery is said to be in certain degree of decay, as cracks have been observed, and remain untended.<ref name=Sharma>{{Cite book|last=Sharma| first=Jhanvi|title= Architectural heritage: Ladakh|work= Diskit Gompa (Galdan Tashi Chuling Gompa)|page=120|access-date=2009-12-24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bgSGu1v9XyIC&pg=PA123|publisher= Har-Anand Publications|year=2003|isbn= 81-241-0979-6}}</ref>

==Large statue of Jampa (Maitreya) Buddha==
The ''photong'' or official residence of the chief lama of Nubra is located at the foot of the hill, where there is also a very large statue of [[Jampa]] (Maitreya) Buddha.<ref name=Bindloss/>

This impressive 32 metre (106 foot) statue on top of a hill below the monastery, faces down the Shyok River towards Pakistan and, according to Tsering Norphel, chairman of the committee that commissioned it, most of its funding came from local donations. The head of the Gelugpa, Ganden Thipa (the reincarnation of [[Tsongkhapa]]), and abbott of the Rizu monastery, gave 8 kg of gold for its decoration. It is the first time a Ladakhi monk has been the head of the Gelugpa sect.

The statue's construction was begun in April 2006 and it was consecrated by the [[Dalai Lama]] on 25 July 2010. Nophel says the statue was built with three main functions in mind - protection of Diskit village, prevention of further war with Pakistan, and world peace.

==Lachung temple==
Lachung temple is close to but above the Diskit monastery, and is said to be one of the oldest temples in the Nubra Valley. A large idol of [[Tsong Khapa]] is deified there and a Gelugpa yellow hat crowns the image.<ref name=dream/>

==School==
The monastery, which houses about 100 monks, runs a school in its precincts. This school teaches Tibetan children. The school has been upgraded recently to enable teaching of scientific subjects with support from the Lungta, a 'Tibet Support Group' (a non governmental organization) that has created computer facilities in the school. Lungta has trained the monks of the monastery in computer skills and in the English language so that they could in turn teach the children of the school. Further additions to the school library in the form of dictionaries, encyclopaedias and English teaching materials are being provided.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lungta.cz/english/programmes-abroad|title=Helping to improve education in exile|access-date=2009-12-24|publisher=Lungta Tibet Support Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302215443/http://www.lungta.cz/english/programmes-abroad|archive-date=2 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Festival==
[[File:Diskit-gompa-5.jpg|thumb|right|Statues of guardian deities, whose heads are uncovered only during the festival.]]
Desmochhey or [[Dosmoche]], also known as "Festival of the Scapegoat" is the popular prayer festival that is celebrated at Diskit Monastery, [[Likir Monastery]] and [[Leh Palace]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Leh, Likir Dosmoche begins|date=13 February 2018 |url=http://news.statetimes.in/leh-likir-dosmoche-begins/|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> in Leh. Since the festival is celebrated in February, when snowbound Khardong peak is not passable to attend similar festivities at Likir monastery in Leh, large crowds from villages in the Nubra Valley assemble at Diskit to witness the mask dance. The mask dance, also known as [[Cham dance]] is performed by the [[lama]]s of the monastery to dramatically express the superiority of good over evil forces. The dances are believed to avoid ill-fortune in the new year (Tibetan new year is celebrated in December/January). On this occasion, images made of dough are thrown out to deter any disaster occurring and to usher peace and prosperity to the people. The cloths covering the heads of deity statues are removed in this period.<ref name = "INDIA"/><ref name=Shashi/><ref name=Bindloss/>

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" mode="packed">
File:Diskit gompa nubra1.jpg|Diskit Monastery
File:Nubra disket 03.jpg|Diskit monastery perched against the hills
File:Diskit Monastery, Diskit.jpg|Diskit Monastery broad view
File:Diskit Gompa. Nubra. 2010.jpg|Diskit Gompa. [[Nubra]]. 2010
</gallery>

== See also==

* [[All Ladakh Gonpa Association#List|List of buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
* [[Geography of Ladakh]]
* [[Tourism in Ladakh]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Diskit Monastery}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*Rizvi, Janet. 1996. ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3rd Impression 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
*[https://www.go2ladakh.in/blogs/Traverse-Nubra-valley-with-the-lens-of-22-years-old Traverse Nubra valley with the lens of 22 years old]

{{Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Gelug monasteries and temples]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and temples in India]]

Network18 Group

2026-03-23T17:37:24Z

ClayAcosta:

{{Short description|Indian media conglomerate}}
{{good article}}
{{Duplicated citations|reason=DuplicateReferences script detected:

* https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/network-effect (refs: 6, 11, 23, 32)

|date=October 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Network18 Media & Investments Limited
| logo = Network 18 2016.svg
| type = [[Public limited company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{BSE|532798}}
*{{NSE|Network18}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE870H01013}}
| industry = [[Mass media|Media]]
| predecessor =
| founded = {{Start date and age|1996|12|11}}
| key_people = [[Adil Zainulbhai]] {{small|([[Chairman]])}} Rahul Joshi {{small|([[Managing Director|MD]], [[CEO]] and [[editor-in-chief]])}}
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| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref name="nw18Q4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nw18.com/investors|title=Network18 Group Annual Report 2025|access-date=9 May 2025|work=Network18 Media & Investments Limited}}</ref>
}}

'''Network18 Media & Investments Limited''' ([[d/b/a]] '''Network18 Group''') is an Indian [[media conglomerate]] owned by the [[Reliance Industries]] with 56.89% share headed by [[Mukesh Ambani]] and rest of 43.11% is equity holding.<ref name=":40" /> Rahul Joshi is the managing director, [[chief executive officer]] and group [[editor-in-chief]], and [[Adil Zainulbhai]] is the chairman of its board of directors.

Incorporated in 1996 by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta, the company was acquired by [[Ritu Kapur]] and [[Raghav Bahl]] to be converted into a conglomerate holding company between 2003 and 2006. It oversaw one of the largest collections of media properties in India following its conversion but became encumbered with debt due to aggressive expansions. In 2012, the company entered into a debt agreement with [[Reliance Industries]], through which it was granted a number of channels from the [[ETV Network]]. The agreement eventually enabled a [[hostile takeover]] of the company in 2014.

== History ==

=== 1996–2007: Acquisition and restructuring ===
SGA Finance and Management Services was incorporated on 16 February 1996,<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Network 18 Media & Investments Ltd.|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/netwrk-18-media-27697/information/company-history|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-11|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811050851/https://www.business-standard.com/company/netwrk-18-media-27697/information/company-history}}</ref> as a [[private limited company]] by Geeta and Rakesh Gupta and acquired soon afterwards by Vidya Devi and Anil Jindal. The company had remained inactive without any clear prospects until it was later acquired by the promoters of Television Eighteen India Limited.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=13 May 2017|title=Network 18 Part II: The restructuring game|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/story_popup/network-18-part-ii-the-restructuring-game-10089|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104205016/http://asu.thehoot.org/story_popup/network-18-part-ii-the-restructuring-game-10089|archive-date=4 January 2019|access-date=2021-01-11|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]}}</ref>

The news broadcasting company Television Eighteen (TEIL) founded by [[Ritu Kapur]] and [[Raghav Bahl]], became a [[public limited company]] in 1999 and its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) received an overwhelming response.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=13 May 2017|title=Network 18 Part I: Beginning with a bang|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-1-beginning-with-a-bang-10088|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608124004/http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-1-beginning-with-a-bang-10088}}</ref> The investments through the IPO exceeded the target set by the company by a magnitude of over 50 times by the end of the year, raising {{INRConvert|2511|c|year=2019}} in the process.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=2}} This decreased the promoters' stake in the company from 75% to 26.11% by 2002 causing complications. The company was in the middle of preparations to launch a Hindi business news channel but could no longer meet regulatory guidelines.<ref name=":0" /> TEIL was in a joint venture with [[CNBC]] since 1998,<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Bansal|first=Shuchi|date=2015-01-10|title=Raghav Bahl: The digital ball game|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/HY1h1x5IXmLBCkPZFV7J1J/Raghav-Bahl-The-digital-ball-game.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116070725/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/HY1h1x5IXmLBCkPZFV7J1J/Raghav-Bahl-The-digital-ball-game.html|archive-date=16 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-11|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> and the news channel to be launched was called [[CNBC Awaaz]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaNaAAAAYAAJ|title=Business World|publisher=[[ABP Group|Ananda Bazar Patrika Limited]]|year=2006|volume=26|pages=32|language=en}}</ref> The guidelines required the Indian promoters to have more than 51% stake in their company to be able to establish a new [[uplink]] for broadcasting.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:CNBC Awaaz News Van.jpg|thumb|[[Production truck]] of [[CNBC Awaaz]] on the street (2006)|320x320px]]
In 2003, SGA Finance was acquired by Ritu Kapur and Raghav Bahl, in to order to launch the channel and Bahl became its managing director. The company raised {{INRConvert|5|c|year=2019}} through two batches of investments from the two promoters in March 2003 and in January 2004, and then incorporated a subsidiary called SGA News.<ref name=":0" /> In the meantime, the government introduced a 26% foreign equity cap in the news broadcasting industry. In response to the new regulations the joint venture with CNBC was discarded and the partnership converted into a [[Franchising|content branding and franchise]] agreement.<ref name=":5" /> In the financial year 2004–2005, TEIL invested {{INRConvert|25|c|year=2019}} in SGA News for [[Preferred stock|preferences stocks]].<ref name=":0" /> CNBC Awaaz was launched on 13 January 2005.<ref name=":40">{{Cite book|last=Kannan|first=Indira|title=Network18: The Audacious Story of a Start-up That Became a Media Empire|year=2017|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-86057-85-3|language=en|chapter=Part 2: A Channel is Born}}</ref>

In the financial year 2005–2006, TEIL supplemented its initial investment with an additional {{INRConvert|39.10|c|year=2019}} in SGA News for [[common stocks]]. Following this, the boards of both the companies proposed a restructuring which received approval from the shareholders. The companies underwent several rounds of restructuring which came to a conclusion in November 2006. TEIL became a subsidiary of SGA Finance, the promoters gained a majority stake in TEIL, CNBC Awaaz was transferred to TEIL and shareholders of TEIL were accommodated with a stake in SGA Finance.<ref name=":0" /> On 20 October 2006, SGA Finance was converted into a public limited company and re-incorporated as Network18 Fincap Limited.<ref name=":12" />

During the restructuring process, TEIL had also founded a subsidiary called Global Broadcast News (GBN).<ref name=":0" /> GBN had entered into a franchising partnership with [[CNN Worldwide]] to launch the English general news channel [[CNN IBN]] in December 2005.<ref name=":19" /> Bahl was able to convince several senior professionals working at the leading news broadcaster [[NDTV]] including their editor-in-chief [[Rajdeep Sardesai]] and the chief financial officer (CFO) Sameer Manchanda to join the enterprise before its launch.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_">{{Cite news|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=15 December 2015|title=The Tempest|language=en|page=2|website=[[The Caravan]]|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-tempest-prannoy-radhika-roy-ndtv|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210181638/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-tempest-prannoy-radhika-roy-ndtv|archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> Haresh Chawla, the CEO of TEIL and Network18 was instrumental in both convincing Sardesai to quit and Bahl to take on NDTV as their competition.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}} Due to the restructuring, Network18 instead of TEIL was allotted the shares of GBN and by the end of the financial year 2006–2007, Network18 held both GBN and TEIL as its subsidiaries; GBN operated CNN IBN and TEIL operating all the business news channels along with the information websites ''Moneycontrol'' and ''News Wire''.<ref name=":0" /> Network18 was converted into a public limited company in 2006, and listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE) and the [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] (NSE) in 2007.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Punathambekar|first=Aswin|title=From Bombay to Bollywood: The Making of a Global Media Industry|year=2013|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|isbn=978-0-8147-2949-6|page=192|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2007–2011: Expansion, consolidation and increasing debt ===
Global Broadcast News (GBN), the subsidiary operating CNN IBN became a publicly traded company in January 2007 and its IPO generated a successful response, similar to that of Television Eighteen India Limited (TEIL).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" /> GBN was renamed as IBN18 Broadcast,<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=13 May 2017|title=Network 18 Part III: Going under|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-iii-going-under-10091|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-08|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608175537/http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-iii-going-under-10091}}</ref> and on 1 December 2007, Network18 Fincap itself was renamed to Network18 Media & Investments.<ref name=":12" /> Network18 began diversifying with cross media interests in 2008.<ref name=":192">{{Cite journal|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Anuradha|last2=Agarwal|first2=Anushi|date=2015-06-05|title=Mapping the Power of Major Media Companies in India|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/29/special-articles/mapping-power-major-media-companies.html|url-status=live|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|language=en|volume=53|issue=29|pages=7–8|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611092258/https://www.epw.in/journal/2018/29/special-articles/mapping-power-major-media-companies.html|archive-date=11 June 2021|access-date=11 June 2021}}</ref> It had high liquidity and expanded rapidly, it started the film production house called Indian Film Company (IFC),<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}} launched the shopping channel [[Home Shop 18|Home Shop18]],<ref name=":15" /> and entered into an franchise agreement to launch the [[Forbes India|Indian edition of the ''Forbes'']] business magazine,<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|last=Pahwa|first=Nikhil|date=2010-07-08|title=Network18 Consolidates Digital, Publishing Under NW18, TV Biz Under TV18|url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/07/223-network18-restructuring-tv18/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200530/https://www.medianama.com/2010/07/223-network18-restructuring-tv18/|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-17|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref> while IBN18 Broadcast entered into a joint venture with the [[Marathi language]] newspaper ''[[Lokmat]]'' to launch the Marathi news channel [[IBN Lokmat]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-08-04|others=[[Press Trust of India]]|title=Network18 forms JV with AETN to launch channels in India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/86069/network18-forms-jv-aetn-launch.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-17|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200126/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/86069/network18-forms-jv-aetn-launch.html}}</ref> and began a joint venture with [[ViacomCBS]] to initiate the group's foray in mass media and general entertainment channels under [[Viacom18]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Indian Media Business|publisher=[[Sage Publications]]|year=2013|isbn=978-81-321-1356-0|page=153|language=en}}</ref>

Network18 registered losses in the financial years 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Its investments had outstripped the profits generated by its operational assets. In addition, the group had existing debt obligations and requirements for providing [[Investment return|returns to its investors]] which resulted in net losses of {{INRConvert|331.64|c|year=2019}} and {{INRConvert|276.89|c|year=2019}} respectively. Viacom18 in particular was a drain on the company's funds. The financial statement of the company in 2009 had reported that it was retiring outstanding debt and raising funds through equity investments. In response to the financial challenges, the group began restructuring and consolidating its assets in the same year. IBN18 Broadcast was renamed to [[TV18 Broadcast]] and Television Eighteen India Limited (TEIL) which operated the business news channels of the company was merged into it.<ref name=":15" /> The digital media and publishing operations were transferred to the parent company Network18 under the divisions of [[Web18 Software Services]] and Network18 Publishing respectively.<ref name=":28" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Pahwa|first=Nikhil|date=2010-05-06|title=Web18 Launches Hindi.MoneyControl.com; What About AwaazKarobar?|url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-web18-launches-hindi-moneycontrol-com-what-about-awaazkarobar/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611053832/https://www.medianama.com/2010/05/223-web18-launches-hindi-moneycontrol-com-what-about-awaazkarobar/|archive-date=11 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-11|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{Cite web|last=SN|first=Vikas|date=2012-07-17|title=Network18 Consolidates Its Publishing Business Under 'Network18 Publishing'|url=https://www.medianama.com/2012/07/223-network18-consolidates-its-publishing-business-under-network18-publishing/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129045134/https://www.medianama.com/2012/07/223-network18-consolidates-its-publishing-business-under-network18-publishing/|archive-date=29 November 2020|access-date=2021-01-15|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

In the financial year 2010–2011, Network18 registered a loss of {{INRConvert|43.53|c|year=2019}}, which was a considerable decrease from the previous two years and Bahl reportedly told the shareholders during the presentation of the annual report that "the best times are still ahead of us".<ref name=":15" /> In 2010, Network18 went on to announce a new joint venture '''AETN18''' with the American media company [[A&E Networks]] to launch [[History TV18]], the Indian edition of [[History channel]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pradhan|first=Anmol|date=2010-08-04|title=AETN And Network18 Form A 49:51 JV|url=https://www.medianama.com/2010/08/223-aetn-network18-joint-venture/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-11|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611053831/https://www.medianama.com/2010/08/223-aetn-network18-joint-venture/}}</ref> The company had also entered into a distribution joint venture with the [[Sun Network]] called Sun18. It had 2 divisions named Sun18 North and Sun18 South, the former was managed by Network18 and the latter by the Sun Network.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2010-07-13|title=Sun Network ties up with Network18 to form Sun18|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Sun-Network-ties-up-with-Network18-to-form-Sun18/article16195437.ece|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203613/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/Sun-Network-ties-up-with-Network18-to-form-Sun18/article16195437.ece|archive-date=24 June 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The joint venture was later restricted to [[Tamil Nadu]] and replaced by the TV18–Viacom18 distribution joint venture IndiaCast in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|last=SN|first=Vikas|date=2012-06-05|title=TV18 & Viacom18 To Launch JV Company IndiaCast For Content Monetization & Distribution|url=https://www.medianama.com/2012/06/223-tv18-viacom18-to-launch-jv-company-indiacast-for-content-monetization-distribution/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211316/https://www.medianama.com/2012/06/223-tv18-viacom18-to-launch-jv-company-indiacast-for-content-monetization-distribution/|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-23|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The consolidation of assets was completed by 2011 but it alone could not mitigate the financial challenges.<ref name=":15" /> Over the past years, the market had changed rapidly, the group was facing increased competition from other broadcasters,<ref name="Bhatia-2013">{{Cite web|last=Bhatia|first=Rahul|date=1 December 2013|title=Network effect|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/network-effect|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229101251/https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/network-effect|archive-date=29 December 2020|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[The Caravan]]|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|page=4}} and advertising revenue had decreased due to economic downturn.<ref name=":5" />

=== 2011–2014: Takeover by Reliance Industries ===
Network18 had made optimistic projections for years but after 2011, it came to face a possible financial collapse and loss of control for its managing director Raghav Bahl.<ref name=":15" /> The group had accumulated an outstanding debt of over {{INRConvert|1400|c|year=2019}} by September 2011.<ref name=":7" /> Employees were convinced that the company had expanded too aggressively and the market could not support it. In search of assistance in the form of external financing, Bahl decided to begin talks with the multinational energy giant [[Reliance Industries]].<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}}

In November 2011, the CEO, Haresh Chawla resigned despite having been one of the founders of the media conglomerate.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}} According to company insiders, he was persistently trying to convince Bahl to not enter into a debt agreement with [[Mukesh Ambani]] and instead raise funds by divesting part of the group's stake in the subsidiary Viacom18.<ref name=":7" /> In a later interview, he had commented that his resignation was an easy decision as he did not want anything to do with the Ambanis. According to a senior editor at the group, the decision to enter the talks was made reluctantly, as "[Bahl] was in a bind about entering a pact with the devil".<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}}
[[File:Mukesh Ambani.jpg|left|thumb|[[Mukesh Ambani]], the chairman of [[Reliance Industries Limited]] (RIL)|291x291px]]
On 3 January 2012, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) and Network18 announced a partnership.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=2}}<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|last1=Thakurta|first1=Paranjoy Guha|author-link=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta|last2=Chaturvedi|first2=Subi|date=2012|title=Corporatisation of the Media: Implications of the RIL-Network18-Eenadu Deal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41419787|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=47|issue=7|pages=10–13|jstor=41419787|issn=0012-9976|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610144308/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41419787|url-status=live}}</ref> Reliance Industries set up a body called the Independent Media Trust (IMT) and infused funds into the company through a number of shell companies as part of a complex financial transaction.<ref name=":16" /> {{INRConvert|5400|c|year=2019}} was transferred to Network18 and TV18 Broadcast, half the amount to each respectively, of which Network18 received a net amount of {{INRConvert|4000|c|year=2019}} due to its stake in TV18.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bamzai|first=Sandeep|date=23 January 2012|title=RIL deal-Network18: Is Mukesh Ambani the new media mogul|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120123-bailout-for-raghav-bahl-network-18-signals-mukesh-ambani-willing-to-bet-big-money-on-media-756973-2012-01-14|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-10|website=[[India Today]]|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610144256/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20120123-bailout-for-raghav-bahl-network-18-signals-mukesh-ambani-willing-to-bet-big-money-on-media-756973-2012-01-14}}</ref> The shell companies gained rights to [[debentures]] convertible to equity within 10 years.<ref name=":16" /> RIL also forced Network18 to buy its stakeholding in [[ETV Network]] for a sum of {{INRConvert|2100|c|year=2019}} without which the net sum would have been for a much smaller amount.<ref name=":7" /> The purchase also included two regional broadcasters; Panorama and Prism.<ref name=":27" /> The acquisition included most of the television broadcasting properties of the [[Ramoji Group]]. The group retained the rights to ETV brand, while Network18 acquired 100% shareholding of 5 general news channels, 50% shareholding of 5 general entertainment channels and 24.5% shareholding in 2 other channels.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Donthi|first=Praveen|date=2014-12-06|title=Ramoji Rao's shrinking empire|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-shrinking-empire-114120501253_1.html|access-date=2021-06-28|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628042358/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-shrinking-empire-114120501253_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The entertainment channels were held by the joint venture of Viacom18.<ref name=":38">{{Cite news|last=Kar|first=Sayantani|date=2014-04-13|title=ETV gets a comeback script|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/etv-gets-a-comeback-script-114041300682_1.html|access-date=2021-06-28|archive-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628041232/https://www.business-standard.com/article/management/etv-gets-a-comeback-script-114041300682_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> One point of disagreement for Chawla had been in the valuation of ETV at {{INRConvert|3500|c|year=2019}} when the company was worth only {{INRConvert|525|c|year=2019}} in March 2011.<ref name=":18">{{Cite news|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|date=2014-07-07|title=What legacy does Raghav Bahl leave behind?|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/what-legacy-does-raghav-bahl-leave-behind-114070701155_1.html|access-date=2021-06-10|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610144308/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/what-legacy-does-raghav-bahl-leave-behind-114070701155_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The transaction was completed in 2013,<ref name=":192"/> and turned Network18 into the largest group of media companies in India, surpassing [[Star India]] owned by the billionaire media mogul [[Rupert Murdoch]] and [[The Times Group]] owned by the [[Sahu Jain family]]. The [[broadband]] subsidiary of RIL, [[Infotel]] signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the group and gained preferential access to its content.<ref name=":17" /> In the form of a passive investor, RIL had indirect control over the company,<ref name=":7" /> and authority over its financial decisions. The executives retained operational control of the company.<ref name=":16" /> On 12 November 2012, IMT passed a resolution which allowed two senior officials from RIL to be appointed as additional trustees and Bahl lost further control within the trust. IMT held the option of converting the debentures to equity which could turn RIL into the majority shareholder of Network18.<ref name=":16" />

In 2013, Network18 had become debt free,<ref name=":7" /> and RIL's investment had led to assumptions that it would not initiate any further cost cutting measures.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=1}} Viacom18 after being a drain on the network's finances for years had finished its long germination period and had entered into a period of exponential growth.<ref name=":15" /> However, on 16 August 2013, the company carried out an unexpected large scale wage reduction and staff lay-offs which came to be known as "Black Friday" among the employees. In the news branches, the lay-offs included around 300 producers, journalists and other staff, who were fired in no recognisable pattern in terms of salary, seniority or branch.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=1}} There was ambiguity over severance packages and compensations and the human resources department was accompanied by executives of the RIL backed IMT in abrupt handing out of termination letters to employees without prior notice, who were then told to leave within 10 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 August 2013|title=Network 18 – Skeleton Crew|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2013/08/22/network-18-skeleton-crew|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-16|website=[[Newslaundry]]|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195639/https://www.newslaundry.com/2013/08/22/network-18-skeleton-crew}}</ref> This further led to [[job insecurity]] among employees, many of whom began applying for and were hired by competing news broadcasters in the following period.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=1}}

In the months of November–December, the network's coverage of [[Arvind Kejriwal]] started to become a source of contention with RIL and Ambani.<ref name=":7" /> Kejriwal was the head of the [[India Against Corruption]] (IAC) movement and had made several allegations against various politicians and businessmen, including Mukesh Ambani.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":16" /> His allegations against Ambani and RIL was over irregularities in pricing of [[natural gas]] in the [[Krishna Godavari Basin]] which received national media attention and was reported on by Network18 as well.<ref name=":7" />

RIL denied the allegation and reacted by threatening to file a lawsuit against Kejriwal but without any effect. Following which, the energy giant reportedly attempted to pressurise Network18 into censoring any and all coverage of IAC and Kejriwal including in March 2014, in a direct communication between Ambani and Rajdeep Sardesai, the managing editor of CNN IBN and [[IBN 7]].<ref name=":7" /> In the previous years, one allegation that had come up against Ambani was that he had bailed out [[Ramoji Rao]] in the Margdarsai chit fund scandal and in the process gained stake in Rao's ETV Network, the same company which RIL had forced Network18 to buy a stake in.<ref name=":17" /> According to an anonymous insider present at a meeting between the executives of Network18 and RIL, the right-hand man of Ambani, Manoj Modi had threatened Bahl by stating "You are calling us a dacoit, you are shouting that we are crony capitalists. If that is so, then why did you come to us for money in the first place? Do you think you have a clean record?"<ref name=":7" />

Around the same time, the network increasingly began leaning right wing and attempted to publicise [[Narendra Modi]] as the prospective prime ministerial candidate with feature pieces and continuous reporting.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=4}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Basu|first=Anustup|title=Hindutva as Political Monotheism|date=2020|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=978-1-4780-1249-8|page=168|language=en}}</ref> The network dedicated more hours than any other broadcaster to Modi and disproportionately more compared to other candidates.<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=4}} The executives of Network18 were eager to repay the loan to RIL and get rid of Ambani's influence over the company.<ref name=":7" /> Reports have suggested that the network's coverage of Kejriwal became the trigger for the company to initiate a takeover.<ref name=":18" /> RIL communicated its intention to Bahl, offering him the option of continuing as managing editor with a {{INRConvert|20|c|year=2019}} annual salary and gave him 3 days to make his decision. He rejected the offer and on 27 May 2014, announced in midst of a routine meeting with his board of directors that he was going to resign as RIL wanted to takeover and nothing could be done about it.<ref name=":7" />

The announcement caused an exodus of employees from the company which included senior journalists and executives. [[B. Sai Kumar]] (CEO) and Ajay Chacko (COO) resigned on 28 May 2014. From the following day, a stream of resignations started coming in while RIL released a press statement that it had gained complete control of the company, R. D. S. Bawa (CFO) and [[Ritu Kapur]] (co-promoter and one of the directors) resigned on the same day. The legal [[general counsel]] to the company, Kshipra Jatana resigned from her position but stayed on to oversee the transfer of ownership.<ref name=":7" /> She was appointed as the manager of the company for the interim period since Bahl had resigned as well.<ref name=":20" />

Bahl and Kapur received {{INRConvert|706.96|c|year=2019}} for RIL to acquire their remaining shares. The net valuation of the company was at {{INRConvert|4295|c|year=2019}}, whereas the net cash flow for RIL stood at {{INRConvert|1341|c|year=2019}} in the multi year transaction between 2011 and 2014 including those related to ETV. RIL had mitigated costs in this period through returns from the investments in the two companies and from selling the shares it had acquired in Network18's subsidiaries themselves. It was noted that due to the structure of the transaction, RIL had in effect partly financed its takeover by raising funds from the company's own subsidiaries such as TV18 Broadcast.<ref name=":16" /> The takeover process was completed on 7 July 2014; IMT and its sole benefactor RIL became the new promoters group.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-07-07|title=RIL takes control of Network18, TV18|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ril-takes-control-of-network18-tv18/article6186250.ece|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611131431/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ril-takes-control-of-network18-tv18/article6186250.ece|archive-date=11 June 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== 2014–Present: Reliance Industries era ===

Following the takeover, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) reshuffled the management and board of directors of both Network18 and its subsidiary TV18 Broadcast.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|date=13 May 2017|title=Network 18 Part IV: New owner, new broom|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-iv-new-owner-new-broom-10090|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]|archive-date=8 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608124012/http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/network-18-part-iv-new-owner-new-broom-10090}}</ref> The nominees of the RIL backed Independent Media Trust (IMT) joined the board of Network18.<ref name=":26" /> [[Deepak Parekh]], the chairman of [[Housing Development Finance Corporation]] (HDFC) and [[Adil Zainulbhai]] were also inducted into the company as independent directors in the board.<ref name=":26">{{Cite news|date=2014-07-07|title=Deepak Parekh and Adil Zainulbhai on Network18 board|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/deepak-parekh-and-adil-zainulbhai-on-network18-board-114070700704_1.html|access-date=2021-06-14|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614102937/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/deepak-parekh-and-adil-zainulbhai-on-network18-board-114070700704_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=2014-07-07|title=Reliance names Raghav Bahl Network 18 non-executive director|url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/H8H3Y5hZjTHPtVcnI79mvO/Raghav-Bahl-named-nonexecutive-director-of-Network18.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614124839/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/H8H3Y5hZjTHPtVcnI79mvO/Raghav-Bahl-named-nonexecutive-director-of-Network18.html}}</ref> While retaining the position of independent director at RIL and [[Larsen & Toubro]], and being the newly elected [[Narendra Modi]] government's appointment to the position of chairman of [[Quality Council of India]] (QCI),<ref name=":21" /> Zainulbhai was appointed by RIL to the position of chairman of the board.<ref name=":22" /> Commentators raised concerns that the editorial integrity of the network may not be preserved under the new management. The channels of the network had stopped all coverage of Kejriwal and the new [[Aam Aadmi Party]] who had levied corruption accusations at RIL. The editor-in-chief of the flagship general news channel CNN IBN, resigned within a week of the takeover with the reason that the management was interfering in editorial decision making and dictating what could or could not be aired.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Gowda|first1=M. V. Rajeev|last2=Sharalaya|first2=Nandan|date=2016|editor-last=Khatri|editor-first=Naresh|editor2-last=Ojha|editor2-first=Abhoy K.|chapter=Crony Capitalism and India's Political System|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58287-4_7|chapter-url-access=subscription|title=Crony Capitalism in India: Establishing Robust Counteractive Institutional Frameworks|series=Palgrave Studies in Indian Management|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|pages=131–158|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-137-58287-4_7|isbn=978-1-137-58287-4|place=London}}</ref>

A. P. Parigi, the former managing director and CEO of [[Entertainment Network India Limited]] ([[The Times Group]] subsidiary operating [[Radio Mirchi]]), was recruited by RIL and appointed as the new CEO of Network18 on 29 January 2015.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|last=SN|first=Vikas|date=2015-01-14|title=AP Parigi is the new Network18 Group CEO|url=https://www.medianama.com/2015/01/223-ap-parigi-network18-group-ceo/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195138/https://www.medianama.com/2015/01/223-ap-parigi-network18-group-ceo/|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-14|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Parigi resigned as CEO and was moved to an advisory role in the company on 1 October.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Anuradha|date=2015-09-28|title=AP Parigi resigns as Network18 Group CEO|url=https://www.vccircle.com/ap-parigi-resigns-network18-group-ceo|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US|archive-date=14 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614102935/https://www.vccircle.com/ap-parigi-resigns-network18-group-ceo}}</ref> Rahul Joshi replaced Parigi as the new CEO and was made the [[editor-in-chief]] of the group.<ref name=":25" /> Joshi was the editorial director of ''[[The Economic Times]]'', a financial newspaper published by The Times Group before he had resigned from the company to join Network18 in August 2015.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|last=Toms|first=Manu P.|date=2015-08-20|title=Rahul Joshi quits BCCL, to join Network18 as CEO News|url=https://www.vccircle.com/rahul-joshi-quits-bccl-join-network18-group-ceo|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024002053/https://www.vccircle.com/rahul-joshi-quits-bccl-join-network18-group-ceo}}</ref> The editorial departments were unified with the operational and commercial divisions of the company, the chairman Zainulbhai stated that Pairigi had helped stabilise the operations and that Joshi would now run the company with an "ownership mindset".<ref name=":24" />

The acquisition of the company by RIL, the largest conglomerate in India with deep interests in the [[energy sector]], was considered to be a part of a trend of growing [[commodification]] of information, detrimental to the treatment of journalism as a [[public service]]. It increased the concentration of cross media ownership in the hands of a small group of large corporate actors in a market that was already [[oligopolistic]] and reduced the diversity of information disseminating outlets. Control over the news organisation, had strengthened RIL's ability to influence the formation of [[public opinion]] and as a result the [[political economy]] of the country, and also decreased space for reporting which could be detrimental to the energy giant's interests and public relations.<ref name=":34" /> Between 2014 and 2016, Network18 attempted to expand into regional markets of the news broadcasting sector with a spate of new channels, which was seen with apprehension among media observers. The expansion occurred as part of RIL's {{INRConvert|150000|c|year=2019}} investment in the rollout of its [[4G]] data business.<ref name=":37">{{Cite web|last1=Issac|first1=Anna|last2=Ramanathan|first2=S.|date=2016-06-07|title=The Ambanification of TV news: Inside News18's regional news strategy|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ambanification-tv-news-inside-news18-s-regional-news-strategy-44490|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200730/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ambanification-tv-news-inside-news18-s-regional-news-strategy-44490|archive-date=24 June 2021|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}</ref>

RIL had stated during the takeover that the acquisition would help in differentiating their 4G business through [[corporate synergy]].<ref name=":02" /> Infotel, the broadband subsidiary of RIL had been reincorporated as [[Reliance Jio Infocomm]] and was in the process of launching its data transfer business.<ref name=":34">{{Cite journal|last=Thakurta|first=Paranjoy Guha|author-link=Paranjoy Guha Thakurta|date=2014|title=What Future for the Media in India? Reliance Takeover of Network18|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24479667|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=49|issue=25|pages=12–14|jstor=24479667|issn=0012-9976|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212938/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24479667|url-status=live}}</ref> It was suggested that the synergy would alleviate stresses posed by unstable market conditions in the news broadcast industry,<ref name=":27" /> while Jio would provide exclusive content from Network18 productions to increase traffic towards itself and expand its customer base. The synergy was however not adopted, according to analysts it was not financially beneficial to restrict content to only Jio customers and that Jio itself could be more profitable by being a [[News aggregator|content aggregator]] at competitive rates and still have a cost advantage due to its scale.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=Anto T.|date=4 December 2019|title=Why Mukesh Ambani's Reliance may be looking to exit the media business|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/12/04/mukesh-ambanis-reliance-exit-media-business|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Newslaundry]]}}</ref> In 2016, Network18 undertook a rebranding operation, the IBN brand was phased out and replaced with News18, channels such as CNN IBN renamed to [[CNN-News18]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 2018|others=[[Press Trust of India]]|title=Network18 to rebrand CNN-IBN as CNN-News18|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/network18-to-rebrand-cnnibn-as-cnnnews18/article8490270.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Business Line]]|language=en|publication-date=18 April 2016|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202403/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/network18-to-rebrand-cnnibn-as-cnnnews18/article8490270.ece}}</ref> and IBN7 renamed to [[News18 India]],<ref>{{Cite web|year=2019|title=News18 India|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/news18-india/|url-status=live|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=28 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228034256/http://india.mom-rsf.org/en/media/detail/outlet/news18-india/}}</ref> among others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=2016-04-15|title=TV18 to rebrand news channels, refresh content|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/5DC9n3C83OSBzsF7n4dXZI/As-ratings-slip-TV18-to-rebrand-news-channels-refresh-cont.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201419/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/5DC9n3C83OSBzsF7n4dXZI/As-ratings-slip-TV18-to-rebrand-news-channels-refresh-cont.html}}</ref> Earlier in December 2015, [[CNN Worldwide]] had finalised its decision to renew the franchise licensing agreement with Network18,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=2015-12-01|title=TV18, CNN renew partnership for CNN-IBN|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/IAEdPLQRX782Fu5BhxYapN/TV18-CNN-renew-partnership-for-CNNIBN.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203122/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/IAEdPLQRX782Fu5BhxYapN/TV18-CNN-renew-partnership-for-CNNIBN.html}}</ref> after a period of uncertainty.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|last=Bansal|first=Shuchi|date=2015-06-29|title=CNN, IBN unlikely to renew deal on branding; Zee could step in|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/r2nPBBZBv30GGOE2gzv8JO/CNN-IBN-may-not-renew-deal-on-branding-Zee-could-step-in.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921163639/https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/r2nPBBZBv30GGOE2gzv8JO/CNN-IBN-may-not-renew-deal-on-branding-Zee-could-step-in.html}}</ref>

In May 2018, ''[[Cobrapost]]'' released a set of footages from a sting operation into several media organisations.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=2018-05-27|title=Cobrapost: Sting claims media houses open to 'paid Hindutva content', firms call it misleading|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cobrapost-sting-media-houses-open-to-paid-hindutva-content-firms-call-it-misleading-times-group-india-today-ht-paytm-5192702/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204650/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cobrapost-sting-media-houses-open-to-paid-hindutva-content-firms-call-it-misleading-times-group-india-today-ht-paytm-5192702/}}</ref> Network18 was one of the organisations featured,<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":33">{{Cite web|last=Harad|first=Tejas|date=30 May 2018|title=#Cobrapost sting and Hindutva in the newsroom|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/30/cobrapost-sting-hindutva-newsroom-caste-big-media|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[Newslaundry]]|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204026/https://www.newslaundry.com/2018/05/30/cobrapost-sting-hindutva-newsroom-caste-big-media}}</ref> and the sting displayed positive responses from senior marketing executives of the company to a proposition of entering into an agreement for undisclosed [[Paid news in India|paid news]] to promote [[Hindutva]] political propaganda.<ref name=":32" /> The executives included sales and marketing head of the group as well as the sales head of the ETV Network with the latter remarking that they were already pushing the ideology and would increase their efforts by 80–90% following the agreement.<ref name=":35">{{Cite web|last=Lahiri|first=Ishadrita|date=2018-05-25|title=Cobrapost Sting: Network18 Agrees to Run Polarising 'Paid News'|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/cobrapost-sting-alleges-that-network-18-agreed-to-run-propagandist-news|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202608/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/cobrapost-sting-alleges-that-network-18-agreed-to-run-propagandist-news}}</ref> The implications of the sting raised questions about [[media independence]] in India,<ref name=":36" /> and was described as a part of a phenomenon where the separation of editorial and marketing departments of news organisations are increasingly blurred due to advertisement business models.<ref name=":33" /> Several of the media houses denied the allegation put forth by the sting,<ref name=":36">{{Cite news|last=Rowlatt|first=Justin|author-link=Justin Rowlatt|date=2018-05-28|title=The story barely reported by Indian media|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44280188|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723183045/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44280188|archive-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Network18 did not respond to it.<ref name=":35" />

On 9 July 2018, Joshi was elevated to the position of managing director while retaining the designations of CEO and group editor-in-chief. Kshipra Jatana who had officially held the designation of managing director since Bahl's resgination was removed from the position.<ref name=":30" /> In 2019, Network18 initiated heavy cost cutting measures, increments and new hires were frozen while budgets for employing freelancers were greatly reduced. Newsrooms were demoralised as uncertainty grew among employees and outlets such as ''Firstpost'' which relied heavily on freelancers were severely affected in their operations. Economic slowdown had reduced advertisement revenues and the regional channels of the company had not been successful in their respective markets.<ref name=":29" /> The group had registered losses in the financial years of 2016–2017 and 2017–2018.<ref name=":27" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-04-15|title=Network18 reports consolidated net loss of Rs 75.57 crore in Q4|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/network18-reports-q4-net-loss-of-rs-75-57-crore-119041500485_1.html|access-date=2021-06-20|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625021042/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/network18-reports-q4-net-loss-of-rs-75-57-crore-119041500485_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 21 November 2019, RIL entered into talks with the Japanese multinational media conglomerate [[Sony Group]] for consideration over a number of potential deal structures including merger options, schemes for acquisition of a stake in Network18 or the acquisition of the entertainment assets of the company, among others.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last1=Kalesh|first1=Baiju|last2=Antony|first2=Anto|last3=Sanjai|first3=P. R.|date=2019-11-21|title=Sony in talks to buy stake in Mukesh Ambani's Network18 TV media group|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Bloomberg News]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-in-talks-to-buy-stake-in-mukesh-ambani-s-network18-tv-media-group-119112100508_1.html|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204417/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sony-in-talks-to-buy-stake-in-mukesh-ambani-s-network18-tv-media-group-119112100508_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Kanishka|date=2019-11-22|title=Sony plans to buy stake in Network18 Media group. What next?|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/podcast/companies/sony-plans-to-buy-stake-in-network18-media-group-what-next-119112200493_1.html|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211423/https://www.business-standard.com/podcast/companies/sony-plans-to-buy-stake-in-network18-media-group-what-next-119112200493_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 November, [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] broke the news that Ambani was also in talks with The Times Group to potentially sell off the entire media conglomerate as it was suffering from losses.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kalesh|first1=Baiju|last2=Antony|first2=Anto|last3=Sanjai|first3=P. R.|date=28 November 2019|title=Ambani in Talks to Sell News Assets to Times Group|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-28/ambani-said-in-talks-to-sell-news-assets-to-india-s-times-group|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-18|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|archive-date=22 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422232425/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-28/ambani-said-in-talks-to-sell-news-assets-to-india-s-times-group}}</ref> In response to the report, RIL released a statement describing it as "false and malicious".<ref name=":31">{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2019-11-28|title=Network18 denies reports on assets sale to Times Group|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/network18-denies-reports-on-assets-sale-to-times-group-11574964624529.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201405/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/network18-denies-reports-on-assets-sale-to-times-group-11574964624529.html}}</ref> The Times Group denied it but with an addendum that "[they] will explore all strategic options as they present". In the following period, Network18's business news website ''Moneycontrol'' published an article which claimed that the newly founded joint venture, [[BloombergQuint]] was on the verge of collapse.<ref name=":29" /> The article was published 5 days after Bloomberg's report and was described as a retaliatory piece.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 December 2019|title=Bloomberg's joint venture with Raghav Bahl's Quint 'all set to collapse', Bahl calls it a 'falsehood': MoneyControl|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/12/03/bloomberg-quint-india-venture-collapse|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[Newslaundry]]|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202453/https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/12/03/bloomberg-quint-india-venture-collapse}}</ref>

In February 2020, RIL announced that it would consolidate its distribution and media businesses. The subsidiary TV18 Broadcast would be merged with Network18, which would acquire the cable distribution companies [[DEN Networks]] and [[Hathway Cable & Datacom]] as two [[wholly owned]] subsidiaries,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Kalpana|date=2020-02-17|title=RIL to merge its distribution, media business into Network18|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/reliance-industries-to-reduce-holding-in-network18-from-75-to-64-11581958571161.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621085416/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/reliance-industries-to-reduce-holding-in-network18-from-75-to-64-11581958571161.html}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=2020-02-17|title=RIL to consolidate media, distribution businesses|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ril-to-consolidate-media-distribution-businesses/article30845766.ece|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220040444/https://www.thehindu.com/business/ril-to-consolidate-media-distribution-businesses/article30845766.ece|archive-date=20 February 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> RIL held the two companies through an earlier acquisition in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kundu|first=Rhik|date=2018-10-19|title=What Hathway and Den deals mean for Reliance Jio|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/CbIho0Mzxon95xTKoUh2EL/What-Hathway-and-Den-deals-mean-for-Reliance-Jio.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032047/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/CbIho0Mzxon95xTKoUh2EL/What-Hathway-and-Den-deals-mean-for-Reliance-Jio.html|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=2021-01-15|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kapoor|first=Mudit|date=23 October 2018|title=Reliance acquires 58.92% stake in Den Networks, 51.34% share in Hathway|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/reliance-acquires-58.92-stake-in-den-networks-51.34-share-in-hathway/story/286130.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117083853/https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/reliance-acquires-58.92-stake-in-den-networks-51.34-share-in-hathway/story/286130.html|archive-date=17 November 2020|access-date=2021-01-15|website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]}}</ref> The merger would have converted the Network18 into an integrated media and distribution company.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=22 April 2020|others=Chennai Bureau|title=Reliance-FB deal: Network18, Hathway, Den Network stocks in focus|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/reliance-fb-deal-network18-hathway-den-network-stocks-in-focus/article31402904.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Business Line]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202224/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/reliance-fb-deal-network18-hathway-den-network-stocks-in-focus/article31402904.ece}}</ref> The shareholding of the RIL in Network18 was projected to be reduced to 64% from 75% upon conclusion of the transactions in the merger operations.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Ishwarbharat|first=Sai|date=17 February 2020|title=RIL To Merge TV18, Hathway And Den Networks With Network18|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/ril-to-merge-tv18-hathway-and-den-networks-with-network18|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717034910/https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/ril-to-merge-tv18-hathway-and-den-networks-with-network18|archive-date=17 July 2020|access-date=2021-01-16|website=[[BloombergQuint]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> According to some analysts, the consolidation would streamline the corporate structure of the company and make it a more attractive option for strategic investors,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sanjai|first=P. R.|date=2020-02-18|others=[[Bloomberg News]]|title=Mukesh Ambani's RIL to merge its media and distribution business into Network18 Media & Investments|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/business-news/mukesh-ambanis-ril-to-merge-its-media-and-distribution-business-into-network18-media-investments-805746.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-20|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201453/https://www.deccanherald.com/business/business-news/mukesh-ambanis-ril-to-merge-its-media-and-distribution-business-into-network18-media-investments-805746.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=John|first=Nevin|date=19 February 2020|title=Mukesh Ambani is restructuring Reliance Industries-little by little|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/reliance-industries-continues-on-the-path-to-become-a-multi-company-conglomerate-250308-2020-02-18|access-date=21 November 2021|website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|language=en}}</ref> while others stated that it decreased the likelihood of an agreement with Sony due to its key interest, the entertainment assets of Network18 becoming closely associated with the news operations, where there were restrictions over foreign ownership.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-21|title=Reliance rejig of media business makes Sony merger less likely, say experts|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/reliance-rejig-of-media-business-makes-sony-deal-less-likely-experts-120022100615_1.html|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205938/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/reliance-rejig-of-media-business-makes-sony-deal-less-likely-experts-120022100615_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2020, the MD and CEO of Viacom18, Shudhanshu Vats resigned and Joshi took over his position as an additional charge.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2020-04-14|title=Sudhanshu Vats quits Viacom18|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sudhanshu-vats-quits-viacom18-11586875234523.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-24|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204621/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sudhanshu-vats-quits-viacom18-11586875234523.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-14|title=Sudhanshu resigns as Viacom MD; Rahul Joshi gets additional charge|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sudhanshu-resigns-as-viacom-md-rahul-joshi-gets-additional-charge-120041401692_1.html|access-date=2021-06-24|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205951/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sudhanshu-resigns-as-viacom-md-rahul-joshi-gets-additional-charge-120041401692_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The talks with Sony came to a finalised decision for a merger between Viacom18 and [[Sony Pictures Networks India]] in July. The merger was scheduled to be completed by the end of August,<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jha|first1=Lata|last2=Laskar|first2=Anirudh|date=2020-07-29|title=Sony-Viacom18 deal by mid-Aug|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sony-viacom18-deal-by-mid-aug-11595980721928.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-19|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201742/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/sony-viacom18-deal-by-mid-aug-11595980721928.html}}</ref> Sony would obtain 74% stake leaving Viacom18 with 26% stake in the merged entity; Network18 and ViacomCBS would have around 13% in it respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jha|first1=Lata|last2=Laskar|first2=Anirudh|date=2020-07-29|others=[[Livemint]]|title=Viacom18-Sony merger deal likely by mid-August|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/viacom18-sony-merger-deal-likely-by-mid-august/story-HeZtJzbyQCUixBpG1WfdNP.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-23|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203701/https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/viacom18-sony-merger-deal-likely-by-mid-august/story-HeZtJzbyQCUixBpG1WfdNP.html}}</ref> The plans for the merger was abandoned in October. The implementation of the consolidation with the distribution companies was itself delayed and eventually cancelled in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pinto|first=Viveat Susan|date=2021-04-21|title=Merger of TV18 Broadcast, Hathway, Den Networks into Network18 called off|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/merger-of-tv18-broadcast-hathway-den-networks-into-network18-called-off-121042101307_1.html|access-date=2021-06-19|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201818/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/merger-of-tv18-broadcast-hathway-den-networks-into-network18-called-off-121042101307_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2020, TV18 Broadcast reported an 148.2% increase in profit margins during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India]] an nhd the company attributed it to "proactive measures on cost-control".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-28 |title=TV18 Broadcast jumps after Q2 PAT spurts 148% YoY |work=[[Business Standard]] |agency=Capital Market |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/tv18-broadcast-jumps-after-q2-pat-spurts-148-yoy-120102800617_1.html}}</ref> In a [[Right to Information Act, 2005|Right to Information]] (RTI) request response in June 2021, data released by the [[Uttar Pradesh government]] showed that the government's spending on television advertisements was at {{INRConvert|160.31|c|year=2021}} between April 2020 and May 2021 with Network18 as its biggest beneficiary. Promotion of the [[Atmanirbhar Bharat]] campaign constituted a major portion of the spending and was made in the initial part of the year. Umashankar Dube, a journalist who had filed the RTI request had raised questions seeking answers to why the spending was made on television advertisements and not on relief efforts in midst of the pandemic but the Uttar Pradesh government's additional chief secretary of information refused to respond to queries on advertisement spending.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Tiwari |first1=Ayush |last2=Kumar |first2=Basant |date=21 July 2021 |title=Yogi government spent Rs 160 crore on TV ads in one year, Network18 hit the jackpot |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2021/07/21/yogi-government-spent-rs-160-crore-on-tv-ads-in-one-year-network18-hits-the-jackpot |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=[[Newslaundry]]}}</ref>

==Owned Assets==
===Channels===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:middle;"
!style="width:180pt; background:White;"|Channel
!style="width:180pt; background:White;"|Launched
!style="width:180pt; background:White;"|Language
!style="width:300pt; background:White;"|Category
!style="width:180pt; background:White;"|SD/HD availability
!style="width:300pt; background:White;"|Notes
|-
|[[CNBC TV18]]
|1999
|rowspan="2"|[[English language|English]]
| rowspan="21" |Current Affairs
|SD+HD
|
|-
|[[CNN-News18|CNN News18]]
|rowspan="3"|2005
|rowspan="19"|SD
|Previously known as ''CNN-IBN''
|-
| [[News18 India]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Previously Known as ''IBN7'',
|-
|[[CNBC Awaaz]]
|
|-
|[[News18 Rajasthan]]
|2000
|Previously known as ''ETV Rajasthan''
|-
|[[News18 Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand]]
|rowspan="3"|2002
|Previously known as ''ETV Uttar Pradesh/Uttarakhand''
|-
|News18 Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh
|Previously known as ''ETV Madhya Pradesh/Chhattisgarh''
|-
|News18 Bihar Jharkhand
|Previously known as ''ETV Bihar/Jharkhand''
|-
|News18 Punjab Haryana
|2014
|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|Previously known as ''ETV Haryana/Himachal Pradesh''
|-
|[[News18 Odia]]
|2015
|[[Odia language|Odia]]
|Previously known as ''ETV News Odia''
|-
|[[News18 Urdu]]
|2001
|[[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|Previously known as ''ETV Urdu''
|-
|[[News18 Kannada]]
|2014
|[[Kannada]]
|Previously known as ''ETV News Kannada''
|-
|[[News18 Bangla]]
| rowspan="3" |2014
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|Previously known as ''ETV News Bangla''
|-
|News18 Gujarati
| rowspan="2" |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
|Previously known as ''ETV News Gujarati''
|-
|CNBC Bajar
|
|-
|[[News18 Assam North East]]
|2016
|[[Assamese language|Assamese]]
|
|-
|[[News18 Marathi]]
|2008
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|Previously known as IBN Lokmat, ''News18 Lokmat''
|-
|[[News18 Kerala]]
|rowspan="2"|2015
|[[Malayalam]]
|
|-
|[[News18 Tamil Nadu]]
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|News18 Jammu Kashmir Ladakh Himachal
|2022
|[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]]
|
|-
|[[History TV18]]
|2011
|[[English language|English]] [[Hindi]] [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|SD+HD
|Joint Venture with [[A&E Networks]]
|}

===Magazines===
*[[Better Interiors]]
*[[Better Photography]]
*[[Forbes India]]

===Digital Media===
* [[Firstpost]]
* [https://www.news18.com/ News18.com] (previously known as IBNLive)

== Corporate affairs ==
=== Ownership ===

* The group was acquired by [[Mukesh Ambani]] led conglomerate [[Reliance Industries]] in 2014. The acquisition occurred by maneuvering a complex deal through the Independent Media Trust (IMT), set up by Reliance Industries to issue a loan for the debt encumbered Network18 in 2012.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|last=Subramanian|first=N. Sundaresha|date=2014-07-04|title=Unravelling RIL's ties to Network 18: The changing trustees of IMT|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/unravelling-ril-s-ties-to-network-18-the-changing-trustees-of-imt-114070301381_1.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-12|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125025202/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/unravelling-ril-s-ties-to-network-18-the-changing-trustees-of-imt-114070301381_1.html}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Baruah|first1=Amit|last2=Mishra|first2=Lalatendu|date=2014-05-30|title=Reliance to take over Network 18|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/reliance-to-take-over-network-18/article6063644.ece|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415232925/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/reliance-to-take-over-network-18/article6063644.ece|archive-date=15 April 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It resulted in Reliance receiving 78% of the shareholding,<ref name=":02" /> and as of 2019, the conglomerate holds 73.16% of the shares.<ref name=":39">{{Cite web|last=|first=|year=2019|title=The Ambani Family|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-ambani-family/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118051618/http://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-ambani-family/|archive-date=18 January 2021|access-date=|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref>
*Teesta Retail is a [[private limited company]] which holds 1.85% shareholding of the group.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|last=|first=|year=2019|title=Network18|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/network18/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129162411/https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/network18/|archive-date=29 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-12|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> It is an arm of Reliance Industries Investments and Holdings and is listed in the promoters group shareholders of Network18.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Subramanian|first=N. Sundaresha|date=2017-09-02|title=Sebi issues show-cause notice to Vishvapradhan Commercial in NDTV case|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sebi-issues-show-cause-notice-to-vishvapradhan-commercial-in-ndtv-case-117090300002_1.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-12|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505162907/http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/sebi-issues-show-cause-notice-to-vishvapradhan-commercial-in-ndtv-case-117090300002_1.html}}</ref> The ownership of Teesta Retail is held by ten shell companies registered at the same address and with Reliance Industries domain names for their websites. The ten companies have listed directors of whom seven appear across all of them, who are also directors at various Reliance subsidiaries.<ref name=":03" />
*Network18 is a [[public limited company]] and the public holdings constitutes around 25% of its shareholdings. Among major individual shareholders was the [[Chief financial officer]] (CFO) of Network18, Hariharan Mahadevan who held 1.11% of the shares as a part of the public in 2019.<ref name=":03" />
*Currently, 56.89% is held by [[Reliance Industries]] and 43.11% in equity.

=== Management ===
[[Ritu Kapur]] was the first director of the company after the resignation of the Jindals and was followed by [[Raghav Bahl]],<ref name=":0" /> who was the managing director of the company between 2003 and 2014.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Ashish K.|date=2014-06-23|others=Phillipose, Mobis|title=Inside the Network18 takeover|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/rqT2Oi8fwv4XVjJcHzlcVN/Inside-the-Network18-takeover.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514022010/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/rqT2Oi8fwv4XVjJcHzlcVN/Inside-the-Network18-takeover.html|archive-date=14 May 2019|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> Haresh Chawla is considered to be the founding CEO of the company.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhalla|first=Tarush|date=2020-10-20|title=Dukaan raises $6 million in seed funding co-led by Matrix and Lightspeed India|url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/dukaan-raises-6-million-in-seed-funding-co-led-by-matrix-and-lightspeed-india-11603169834781.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123092721/https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/dukaan-raises-6-million-in-seed-funding-co-led-by-matrix-and-lightspeed-india-11603169834781.html|archive-date=23 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-10-22|title=Dukaan raises $6 mn from Matrix, Lightspeed, others|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/dukaan-raises-6-mn-from-matrix-lightspeed-others-6825387/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205224244/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/dukaan-raises-6-mn-from-matrix-lightspeed-others-6825387/|archive-date=5 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|access-date=13 January 2021}}</ref> He was appointed as the CEO of [[TV18]] in 1999, having formerly worked at [[Times Music]] and [[AB Corp|Amitabh Bachchan Corporation]].<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=2}} Chawla became the first CEO of Network18 after it was acquired and converted into the holding company of TV18.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=2}} He resigned from the company in November 2011 before Network18 entered into a deal with Reliance Industries, publicly stating that he wanted nothing to with the [[Mukesh Ambani|Ambanis]].<ref name="Bhatia-2013" />{{rp|page=3}} According to Raghav Bahl, the entire credit for enabling Network18 to establish a diverse variety of partnerships with the likes of [[CNN|CNN Worldwide]], [[CNBC]], [[Forbes]], [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] and [[History Channel]] belonged to Chawla.<ref name=":5" /> The COO, [[B. Sai Kumar]] succeeded Chawla as the CEO of Network18, and resigned before the takeover of the company by Reliance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peer|first=Nikita|date=2014-05-28|title=B Sai Kumar quits as Group CEO of Network18|url=https://www.vccircle.com/b-sai-kumar-quits-group-ceo-network18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808062357/https://www.vccircle.com/b-sai-kumar-quits-group-ceo-network18|archive-date=8 August 2020|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

One of the directors at Reliance Industries and the [[Prime Minister of India]]'s appointment to the [[Quality Council of India]],<ref name=":21">{{Cite news|last=Ganesan|first=Ranjita|date=2014-09-20|title=Adil Zainulbhai: The makeover man|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/adil-zainulbhai-the-makeover-man-114091901141_1.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-14|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116090746/https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/adil-zainulbhai-the-makeover-man-114091901141_1.html}}</ref> [[Adil Zainulbhai]] became the chairman of the board of directors of the company following the takeover.<ref name=":22">{{Cite news|others=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=2015-09-28|title=Senthil Chengalvarayan steps down as Network18 Business Editor|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/senthil-chengalvarayan-steps-down-as-network18-business-editor/article7698356.ece|url-status=live|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114022353/https://www.thehindu.com/business/senthil-chengalvarayan-steps-down-as-network18-business-editor/article7698356.ece|archive-date=14 January 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Kshipra Jatana was the [[general counsel]] at the group and had resigned during the takeover. She remained associated with the company to oversee the transition,<ref name=":7" /> and became the manager in the interim period.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|last=SN|first=Vikas|date=2014-11-28|title=Hariharan Mahadevan appointed Network18 CFO|url=https://www.medianama.com/2014/11/223-hariharan-mahadevan-network18/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118035542/https://www.medianama.com/2014/11/223-hariharan-mahadevan-network18/|archive-date=18 January 2021|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A. P. Parigi was appointed as the new CEO of the company after Sai Kumar's exit and held the position until he was moved to an advisory position by Reliance Industries in October 2015.<ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-09-28|title=Senthil Chengalvarayan steps down as Network18 Business Editor|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/senthil-chengalvarayan-steps-down-as-network18-business-editor-115092800397_1.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-13|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306023244/http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/senthil-chengalvarayan-steps-down-as-network18-business-editor-115092800397_1.html}}</ref> Rahul Joshi, the editorial director at ''[[The Economic Times]]'' was recruited and appointed as both the CEO and editor-in-chief of the entire group following the takeover.<ref name=":25" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2015-08-20|title=ET's Rahul Joshi named Network 18's CEO news and group editor-in-chief|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/nsly428l45jhYeX3lIhnmK/ETs-Rahul-Joshi-Named-Network-18s-CEO-news-and-group-edito.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313063258/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/nsly428l45jhYeX3lIhnmK/ETs-Rahul-Joshi-Named-Network-18s-CEO-news-and-group-edito.html}}</ref> In 2018, Joshi was elevated to the position of managing director by the board and Jatana resigned from her position.<ref name=":30">{{Cite web|last=Varshney|first=Rashi|date=2018-07-10|title=Network18 names Rahul Joshi as its new Managing Director|url=https://www.medianama.com/2018/07/223-network18-names-rahul-joshi-as-its-new-managing-director/|url-access=limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030082625/https://www.medianama.com/2018/07/223-network18-names-rahul-joshi-as-its-new-managing-director/|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=2021-01-13|website=[[MediaNama]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Tenure
!Chairman of the Board
!Managing Director
!Chief Executive Officer
!Editor-in-Chief
|-
|2003–2011
| rowspan="2" |(Non existent designation)
| rowspan="2" |[[Raghav Bahl]]
|Haresh Chawla
| rowspan="3" |(Independent editorial management)
|-
|2011–2014
|[[B. Sai Kumar]]
|-
|2014–2015
| rowspan="3" |Adil Zainulbhai
| rowspan="2" |Kshipra Jatana (non-directorial)
|A. P. Parigi
|-
|2015–2018
| colspan="2" |Rahul Joshi
|-
|2018–Present
| colspan="3" |Rahul Joshi
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{official website}}

{{Network 18}}
{{Reliance Industries Limited}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Network18 Group}}
[[Category:Network18 Group| ]]
[[Category:Television stations in Delhi]]
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Television stations in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Television broadcasting companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1993]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1993]]
[[Category:2014 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]]

Rita Kothari

2026-03-22T07:56:11Z

ClayAcosta: Created a article w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian author and translator}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Rita Kothari
| image = Rita Kothari Writer.jpg
| caption = Rita Kothari, December 2017
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1969|7|30}}
| birth_place = Gujarat
| occupation = Scholar, translator, [[translation theorist]], professor
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], English, Sindhi
| nationality =
| education =
| alma_mater = * [[Gujarat University]]
* [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Pune]]
| period =
| subject =
| notableworks = * ''Translating India'' (2003)
* ''The Burden of Refuge: The Sindhi Hindus of Gujarat'' (2007)
* ''Unbordered Memories'' (2009)
* ''Uneasy Translations'' (2022)
| spouse =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| years_active =
| module = {{Infobox academic
| child = yes
| doctoral_advisor = Suguna Ramanathan
| thesis_title = Indian Literature in English Translation: The Social Context
| thesis_year = 1999
| thesis_url= http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/46404
}}
| website = {{URL| https://ittgn.academia.edu/RitaKothari}}
}}

'''Rita Kothari''' (born 30 July 1969) is an Indian scholar, translator and [[translation theorist]] from [[Gujarat]], India. In an attempt to preserve her memories and her identity as a member of the [[Sindhi people]], Kothari wrote several books on the [[partition of India]] and its effects on people. She has translated several Gujarati works into English.

== Life ==
Kothari completed a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1989 at [[St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad]], followed two years later by a [[Master of Arts]] degree in [[English literature]] at the [[Savitribai Phule Pune University|University of Pune]]. She was awarded a [[Master of Philosophy]] degree in 1995 and a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] degree in 2000 from [[Gujarat University]] for her research work in ''The Experience of Translating Hindi Prose'' and ''Translating India : The Cultural Politics of English'', respectively.<ref name="Academia.edu 2015">{{cite web | title=Rita Kothari - Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar | website=Academia.edu | date=2015-08-03 | url=https://ittgn.academia.edu/RitaKothari/CurriculumVitae | language=af | accessdate=2016-11-24 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

Kothari teaches in the English department at [[Ashoka University]], [[Sonipat]]. She worked from 2007 to 2017 with the Humanities and Social Sciences Department at the [[IIT Gandhinagar|Indian Institute of Technology]], Gandhinagar.<ref name="Adhyaru-Majithia 2013"/> She taught Indian literature in English and translation at St. Xavier's College, Ahmedabad from 1992 to 2007.<ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Review of Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjFuAAAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Acme Books Pvt. Limited|page=22|access-date=2016-12-03|archive-date=2016-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221091910/https://books.google.com/books?id=BjFuAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> Following that she joined [[MICA (Institute of Strategic Marketing and Communication)]] as a professor in culture and communication.<ref name="Academia.edu 2015"/>

Kothari's teaching interests include literature, cinema, ethnography, and cultural history. Movement across languages, contexts, and cultures form the fulcrum of her interests, making translation the prism through which she sees the Indian context.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty#!/rita-kothari-663|title=Faculty/Staff Ashoka University|website=Ashoka University|language=en|access-date=2018-02-20|archive-date=2018-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711160549/https://www.ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty#!/rita-kothari-663|url-status=live}}</ref>

She lives in Ahmedabad.<ref name="Academia.edux2015">{{cite web | title=Rita Kothari - Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar | website=Academia.edu | date=2015-08-03 | url=https://ittgn.academia.edu/RitaKothari | accessdate=2016-11-24 | archive-date=2017-03-25 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325094927/http://ittgn.academia.edu/RitaKothari | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Works ==
In an attempt to preserve memories and her identity as [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]], Kothari wrote ''Translating India: The Cultural Politics of English'' (2003), ''The Burden of Refuge: The Sindhi Hindus of Gujarat'' (2007), ''Unbordered Memories : Partition Stories from Sindh'' (2009), and ''Memories and Movements'' (2016).<ref name="Adhyaru-Majithia 2013">{{cite web | last=Adhyaru-Majithia | first=Priya | title=Dr Rita Kothari explores Idea of border and trauma of Partition | website=dna | date=3 February 2013 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-dr-rita-kothari-explores-idea-of-border-and-trauma-of-partition-1795782 | accessdate=3 December 2016 | archive-date=27 November 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127061237/http://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-dr-rita-kothari-explores-idea-of-border-and-trauma-of-partition-1795782 | url-status=live }}</ref>

Kothari co-translated ''Modern Gujarati Poetry'' and ''Coral Island: The Poetry of Niranjan Bhagat''. She translated [[Joseph Macwan]]'s Gujarati novel ''Angaliayat'' as ''The Stepchild'' and [[Ila Arab Mehta|Ila Mehta]]'s ''Vaad'' as ''Fence'' (2015) into English. She co-edited ''Decentring Translation Studies : India and Beyond'' (2009) with Judy Wakabayashi and ''Chutnefying English : The Phenomenon of Hinglish'' (2011) with Rupert Snell. She is the editor and translator of ''Speech and Silence : Literary Journeys by Gujarati Women''.<ref name="The Re:Enlightenment Project">{{cite web | title=Rita Kothari | website=The Re:Enlightenment Project | url=http://www.reenlightenment.org/people/kothari | accessdate=2016-11-24 | archive-date=2016-11-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124160408/http://www.reenlightenment.org/people/kothari | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Multilingualism – Boğaziçi University 2016">{{cite web | title=Is Multilingualism a 'new' discovery?, Rita Kothari – Multilingualism | website=Multilingualism – Boğaziçi University | date=2016-03-02 | url=http://multilingualism-translation.boun.edu.tr/index.php/is-multilingualism-a-new-discovery-rita-kothari/ | accessdate=2016-11-24 | archive-date=2016-11-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124222831/http://multilingualism-translation.boun.edu.tr/index.php/is-multilingualism-a-new-discovery-rita-kothari/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jaipur Literature Festival 2016">{{cite web | title=Rita Kothari | website=Jaipur Literature Festival | date=2016-11-04 | url=https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/speaker-post/rita-kothari/ | accessdate=2016-11-24 | archive-date=2016-11-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124162844/https://jaipurliteraturefestival.org/speaker-post/rita-kothari/ | url-status=live }}</ref> She co-translated with her husband, Abhijit Kothari, [[K. M. Munshi]]'s ''[[Patan trilogy]]'': ''Patan Ni Prabhuta'' as ''The Glory of Patan'' (2017), ''Gujarat No Nath'' as ''The Lord and Master of Gujarat'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web|last=Deb|first=Sandipan|title=Freedom fighter KM Munshi's first novel is now available in English|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/freedom-fighter-km-munshi-first-novel-english-patanni-prabhuta-the-glory-of-patan-lifest-982123-2017-06-11|date=11 June 2017|website=India Today|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527213823/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/freedom-fighter-km-munshi-first-novel-english-patanni-prabhuta-the-glory-of-patan-lifest-982123-2017-06-11|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ajay 2018">{{cite web|last=Ajay|first=Lakshmi|title=Immortalising Munshi|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|date=9 September 2018|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/immortalising-munshi/articleshow/65736954.cms|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527213824/https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/immortalising-munshi/articleshow/65736954.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and ''Rajadhiraj'' as ''King of Kings'' (2019).

==Selected publications==
* {{cite book|author=Rita Kothari|title=Translating India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-xQAwAAQBAJ|date=8 April 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-64216-9}}
* {{cite book|author1=Rita Kothari|author2=Rupert Snell|title=Chutnefying English: The Phenomenon of Hinglish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4tmwFFhoAEC|year=2011|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341639-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Rita Kothari|title=The Burden of Refuge: the Sindhi Hindus of Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hpuAAAAMAAJ|date=1 February 2007|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=978-81-250-3157-4}}
* {{cite book|author=Rita Kothari|title=Indian literature in english translation the social context|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/46404|date=30 September 1999|publisher=Gujarat University|hdl=10603/46404 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Kothari|editor-first=Rita|author-link=Rita Kothari|title=The Greatest Gujarati Stories Ever Told|year=2022|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-93-91047-48-1}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Google Scholar id|uLD5DXIAAAAJ}}
* {{Gbooks-author|Rita Kothari}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothari, Rita}}
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:People from Ahmedabad district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Women writers from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:20th-century women writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sindhi people]]
[[Category:Sindhi women writers]]
[[Category:Gujarati–English translators]]
[[Category:Translation theorists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Ashoka University]]

Rekha Jain

2026-03-15T04:08:52Z

ClayAcosta: Created the info needs work

{{Short description|Indian playwright and director (1924–2010)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Rekha|Jain}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rekha Jain
| birth_name = Rekha Goyal
| image =
| image_size = 260px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1924|09|24}}
| birth_place = [[Agra]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|2010|1924}}
| death_place = [[Delhi]], India
| other_names =
| known_for =
| father =
| mother =
| spouse = [[Nemi Chandra Jain]]
| children = 4, including [[Kirti Jain]]
| relatives =
| family =
| awards = [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (2006); [[Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Children's [[Theatre director]]
| years_active = 1956 - 2010
}}
'''Rekha Jain''' (1924–2010) was an Indian children's playwright, director, and folk music expert. In addition to plays for children, she has also written articles and reviews on Indian folk music and folk dance. She received awards from the [[Hindi Academy]], [[Sahitya Kala Parishad]], [[Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Delhi Natya Sangham, [[Rotary International|Delhi Rotary Club]], Sahityakar Samman, Delhi Hindi Academy etc. In 2006, the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] honoured her with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for overall contributions.

==Biography==
Rekha Jain was born as Rekha Goyal on 28 September 1924, into a conservative Baniya joint family in [[Agra]], Uttar Pradesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rekha Jain |url=https://rajkamalprakashan.com/author/rekha-jain?srsltid=AfmBOopSq4jMAqOheDOh8Ts-Ky43JEDLkUhwlF_01C_QdXzIq9dPvKCt |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=rajkamalprakashan.com}}</ref>

On 3 May 1936, at the age of 12, Rekha Goyal married [[Nemi Chandra Jain]], who belonged to a wealthy business family but was attracted to progressive ideas and [[Marxism]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Kuldeep |date=2019-02-22 |title=Living memories |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/living-memories/article26331985.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124141340/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/living-memories/article26331985.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The marriage ceremony was conducted in a traditional manner, according to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] beliefs and later [[Jainism|Jain]] rituals.<ref name=":0"/>

Jain, a progressive, encouraged his wife Rekha to pursue education and participate in life outside the home. When her husband moved to Calcutta and became involved in the activities of the IPTA, Rekha Jain also developed an interest in drama and began singing in the choir.<ref name=":0" /> In her memoirs, Rekha describes her husband as a very enlightened and progressive man, but one who sometimes imposed his will on her.<ref name=":0" /> While in Kolkata, she studied diplomas in Hindi literature and [[Hindustani classical music]].<ref name="SNA">{{Cite web |title=Rekha Jain |url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Rekha_Jain.pdf |publisher=[[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] |access-date=2025-01-24 |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124141344/https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/public/uploads/awardees/docs/Rekha_Jain.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also trained at the Asian Theatre Institute.<ref name="SNA"/>

In Kolkata, she joined the Communist Party and continued her association with the [[Indian People's Theatre Association]] (IPTA). Later, they moved to [[Bombay]]. As part of IPTA, in the 1940s, they toured the country to promote ideas and raise funds.<ref name=":0" />

While in [[Bombay]], she made her debut as an actress in a play directed by [[Sombhu Mitra]].<ref name=":0" /> She worked in cultural activities and theatre as part of the central squad of the IPTA. At that time, the headquarters of the [[Communist Party of India]] was in Bombay, which helped the couple establish close contacts with several prominent communist leaders and prominent theatre, music and film personalities.<ref name=":0" />

Rekha Jain, who witnessed the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Great Bengal Famine]] and the immense human suffering that resulted from it, would stand at the gate of the Prithviraj Kapoor Auditorium after the plays and appeal to people to donate whatever they could for the relief of the Bengal famine victims.<ref name=":0" />

===Personal life and death===
Rekha and her husband Nemi Chandra Jain have four children, one of whom, [[Kirti Jain]], is a noted theatre artist.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=1814&at=2 |title=CUR_TITLE |website=sangeetnatak.gov.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214005322/https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=1814&at=2 |archive-date=2021-02-14}}</ref> Her son, Sanjay Jain is a Senior Professor at Department of Physics and Astrophysics, [[University of Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://people.du.ac.in/~jain/index.htm|title = Sanjay Jain}}</ref> The other two children are Urmi Bhushan Gupta and Rashmi Vajpayee.<ref name=":0" /> She died in April 2010 at the age of eighty-five.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
From 1944 to 1947, she was the principal dancer in the dance troupe of the Jan Natya Sangha.<ref name=":2" /> Later, she became involved with children's theatre and started providing theatre training to children at the Delhi Children's Theatre Institute from 1956.<ref name=":2" />

She was very active in the children's theatre scene in Delhi from 1956 until her death in 2010. She conducted several theatre workshops for children and wrote, directed and produced plays for them.<ref name=":0" /> Camps were held in Lucknow, Agra, Bhilai, Gorakhpur, Ujjain, Bhopal, Imphal, and Bangalore.<ref name=":2" /> She has also directed several television plays for children. As a children's theater expert, she has traveled to countries such as Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, the Soviet Union, East Germany, England, USA, and France.<ref name=":2" /> Rekha Jain has developed a distinctive style of theatre that uses music, dance, and poetry, and also aims to promote the cognitive development of children.<ref name="SNA"/>

In 1979, she founded Umang, a children's theatre organization in Delhi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Bajeli |first=Diwan Singh |date=2017-06-22 |title=The music of life |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/the-music-of-life/article19127283.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123161854/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/the-music-of-life/article19127283.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> She was also the founder-secretary of the women's organization 'Kalyani'.<ref name=":2" />

Surya Prakashan Mandir, Bikaner, has released the memoirs of the Rekha Jain titled ''Yad Ghar'' (House of Memories) and 31 children's plays she wrote and directed titled ''Bachon Ki Duniya'' (Children's World) as a two-volume set.<ref name=":0" /> The introduction to their memoirs, written by their four children, states that the original memoirs were over 1,500 pages long. They were initially edited by Ramkumar Krishak and reduced to a thousand pages, but were still considered too long, so they were further reduced with the help of Piyush Daya and the final version was prepared.<ref name=":0" />

In 2009, Umang, started awarding Bal Rang Samman (later Rekha Jain Bal Rang Samman), an annual award for excellence in the field of children's theatre.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-20 |title=Play's the thing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/plays-the-thing/article3550337.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123134904/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/plays-the-thing/article3550337.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" />

She was also a reviewer of gramophone records in the 'Dharmayuga' from 1965 to 67 and wrote articles in various newspapers and magazines on folk songs, music and dance.<ref name=":2" /> She has also worked as a presenter of many folk songs, music and metaphors on [[All India Radio]] and [[Doordarshan]].<ref name=":2" />

==Works==
Rekha Jain wrote the children' play ''Kaun Bada Kaun Chota'' in 1989 and it was first staged in 1990.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-06-21 |title=Small bursts, big joy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/small-bursts-big-joy/article3554697.ece |access-date=2025-01-23 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123134428/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/small-bursts-big-joy/article3554697.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Malyang Ki Koochi'' (later revised and renamed as ''Anokhi Koochi'') written and directed by her in 1999, is based on a Chinese folktale.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-06-19 |title=A boy, a brush and a better world |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/a-boy-a-brush-and-a-better-world/article6129842.ece |access-date=2025-01-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ''Sa Re Ga Ma Tak Dhina, Dhin'', which she wrote, is a play that talks about the role of music in the development of children.<ref name=":1" />

==Awards and honors==
In 2024, the [[Raza Foundation]] organized 'Balrang Drishya' as a centenary tribute to the life and work of Rekha Jain, a pioneer in children's theatre in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=100 Years of Rekha Jain: Theatre artiste who pioneered children's theatre in India |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/100-years-rekha-jain-theatre-artiste-pioneered-children-theatre-india-9601976/ |work=The Indian Express |date=3 October 2024 |language=en |archive-date=24 January 2025 |access-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124141340/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/100-years-rekha-jain-theatre-artiste-pioneered-children-theatre-india-9601976/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has also received awards from the [[Hindi Academy]], [[Sahitya Kala Parishad]], [[Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi Award|Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Akademi]], Delhi Natya Sangham, [[Rotary International|Delhi Rotary Club]], Sahityakar Samman, Delhi Hindi Academy etc.<ref name="SNA"/><ref name=":2" /> In 2006, the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]] honoured her with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for overall contributions for her contributions to drama.<ref name=":0" />

==Works on her==
Her biography, Rekha Jain (2001), written by Mahesh Anand, was published by the [[National School of Drama]].<ref name="SNA"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jain, Rekha}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Indian theatre directors]]
[[Category:Indian women theatre directors]]
[[Category:People from Agra]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]

Sharman Joshi

2026-03-14T13:32:44Z

ClayAcosta: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{short description|Indian actor (born 1979)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sharman Joshi
| image = Sharman Joshi at Trailer launch of Hate Story 3.jpg
| caption = Joshi in 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|04|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor}}
| years_active = 1999–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Prerana Chopra|2000}}
| children = 3
| father = [[Arvind Joshi]]
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Manasi Joshi Roy]] (sister)|[[Prem Chopra]] (father-in-law)|[[Rohit Roy]] (brother-in-law)}}

| signature =
}}

'''Sharman Joshi''' (born 28 April 1979<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sharman-joshi-turns-44-top-roles-of-3-idiots-actor-7629361.html | title=Sharman Joshi Turns 44: Top Roles of 3 Idiots Actor | accessdate=28 April 2023 }}</ref>) is an Indian actor who primarily works in [[Hindi language|Hindi]] films. Joshi is a recipient of several awards including an [[International Indian Film Academy Awards|IIFA Award]] and nominations for two [[Filmfare Awards]].

Joshi began his career with supporting parts in ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]'' (1999) and ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]'' (2001). The 2001 film ''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]'' proved to be his breakthrough. Following this, he received commercial and critical success with ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' (2006), ''[[Golmaal: Fun Unlimited|Golmaal]]'' (2006), ''[[Dhol (film)|Dhol]]'' (2007), ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'' (2007), ''[[3 Idiots]]'' (2009) and ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]'' (2012). ''3 Idiots'' earned him the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor]]. This success was followed by several box office failures with the exception of ''[[Hate Story 3]]'' (2015) and ''[[Mission Mangal]]'' (2019).

Joshi expanded to streaming projects with ''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]'' (2019-2020) and ''[[Kafas (TV series)|Kafas]]'' (2023). He is married to Prerana Chopra with whom he has three children.

==Early life and family==
Joshi was born on 28 April 1979<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/happy-birthday-sharman-joshi-from-rang-de-basanti-to-3-idiots-herere-his-5-best-movies-3684062.html|title=Happy Birthday Sharman Joshi: From 'Rang De Basanti' to '3 Idiots', Here're his five best films|website=News18|access-date=23 November 2022|date=28 April 2021}}</ref> in [[Nagpur]] to [[Arvind Joshi]] and Usha Joshi. His father was a veteran of [[Gujarati theatre]].<ref name=teh12>{{cite web|title=A Star on Wheels|url=https://www.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=hub230612Star.asp|date=23 June 2012|publisher=[[Tehelka]] Magazine, Vol 9, Issue 25|access-date=23 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029021155/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=hub230612Star.asp|archive-date=29 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> His sister is actress [[Manasi Joshi Roy]], who is married to actor [[Rohit Roy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=All in the family|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20080225-all-in-the-family-735405-2008-02-13|access-date=13 November 2010|newspaper=India Today|date=13 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314005512/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20080225-all-in-the-family-735405-2008-02-13 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Joshi belongs to a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] [[Brahmin]] family of actors and performing artists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Gujarati Brahmin who experiments with crocodile meat|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-a-gujarati-brahmin-who-experiments-with-crocodile-meat-1602242|access-date=2022-01-02|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> His father's elder brother was theatre actor and director [[Pravin Joshi]] and actress [[Sarita Joshi]] is his aunt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Twining |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020322/tvcov.html |date=22 March 2002 |work=Screen |access-date=26 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302060144/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20020322/tvcov.html |archive-date=2 March 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Actresses [[Ketki Dave]], [[Purbi Joshi]] and [[Poonam Joshi]] are his cousins.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20131125-i-give-a-lot-of-credit-to-my-gujarati-roots-says-sharman-joshi-768500-1999-11-29|title=I give a lot of credit to my Gujarati roots, says Sharman Joshi|website=India Today Aaj Tak|access-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722014323/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/i-give-a-lot-of-credit-to-my-gujarati-roots-says-sharman-joshi/1/322878.html|archive-date=22 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Early work (1999–2005) ===
Joshi made his film debut in the 1999 [[Art film#Deviations from mainstream film norms|art film]], ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Sharman-Joshi/summary-13860.html|title= Sharman Joshi's profile|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080422013338/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Sharman-Joshi/summary-13860.html|archive-date= 22 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Santokben 'Godmother' Jadeja dead |publisher=Rediff.com News| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/report/santokben-godmother-jadeja-dies/20110401.htm |date=1 April 2011| access-date = 3 May 2014}}</ref> In 2001, he first played [[Rekha]]'s son in ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]'' opposite [[Aarti Chhabria]], which was a success overseas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lajja's a hit overseas |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/08raj.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=1 July 2011 |author=Arthur J Pais |date=8 September 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Bariana, Sanjeev Singh |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010902/cth2.htm#5 |title=Rekha, Madhuri, Manisha all the way |date=2 September 2001 |access-date=12 December 2011 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> That year, he had his first lead role in [[Style (2001 film)|''Style'']], where he played a college student.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Chandra |first=N. |subject-link=N. Chandra |interviewer=Vivek Fernandes |title=Style makes a statement |work=Quote Martial |date=6 September 2001|publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |location=Mumbai |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/06chand.htm |access-date=19 July 2023}}</ref> It was a moderate success and [[Taran Adarsh]] was appreciative of his "convincing performance".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/style/critic-review/style-movie-review/|title=Style Review 1/5 | Style Movie Review | Style 2001 Public Review | Film Review|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 December 2001}}</ref>

In 2003, Joshi first appeared in ''[[Kahan Ho Tum (film)|Kahan Ho Tum]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title=In Bollywood, young is in |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/21bolly.htm |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=21 June 2003 |author-link=Subhash K. Jha}}</ref> He then reprised his character in ''[[Xcuse Me]]'', a sequel to ''Style''. Both films were commercial failures.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/27review.htm|title=Xcuse Me: Total timepass!|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=19 July 2023|archive-date=27 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827092030/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/sep/27review.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this, in 2005, he appeared in the comedy ''[[Shaadi No. 1]]''. Joshi played an unhappy husband who has an affair opposite [[Soha Ali Khan]] and [[Riya Sen]]. The film emerged a box office average.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/shaandar-singer-speaks-his-heart-out/cid/1556130|title=Shaandar singer speaks his heart out|work=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20051121-film-review-shaadi-no-1-starring-sanjay-dutt-fardeen-khan-zayed-khan-786618-2005-11-20|title=Film review: 'Shaadi No. 1' starring Sanjay Dutt, Fardeen Khan, Zayed Khan|website=India Today}}</ref>

=== Breakthrough and acclaim (2006–2012) ===
[[File:Sharman Joshi and Vatsal Sheth on the sets of Toh Baat Pakki.jpg|thumb|Joshi with [[Vatsal Sheth]] on the sets of ''Toh Baat Pakki!'' (2010).]]

The year 2006 marked a turning point in Joshi's career. He first played a rebellious college student in ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sharman-joshi-delhi-winter-has-a-romanticism-to-it/articleshow/62208804.cms|title=Sharman Joshi: Delhi winter has a romanticism to it|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709012421/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sharman-joshi-delhi-winter-has-a-romanticism-to-it/articleshow/62208804.cms|archive-date=9 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/aamir-siddharth-sharman-rang-de-basanti-reunion-after-10-years/10/|title=Aamir, Siddharth, Sharman: Rang De Basanti reunion after 10 years|date=2016-01-26|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-04-08|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110047/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/aamir-siddharth-sharman-rang-de-basanti-reunion-after-10-years/10/|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> This film was a critical and commercial success, emerging as the [[List of Hindi films of 2006|seventh highest grossing film of the year]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=369|title=Rang de Basanti – Movie – Box Office India|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128075302/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=369|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sudhish Kamath of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated, "Sharman is instantly likeable and emotes like a veteran."<ref>{{cite news|title=Both dream and nightmare |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=3 February 2006 |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/03/stories/2006020302480300.htm |access-date=4 May 2008 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225091011/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2006/02/03/stories/2006020302480300.htm  |archive-date=25 February 2008}}</ref> In the same year, he played a misled student in ''[[Golmaal (2006 film)|Golmaal]]'' alongside [[Rimi Sen]]. The film emerged a box office success and has since gained a [[cult status]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Office 2006|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212|access-date=12 April 2009|publisher=BoxOfficeIndia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830151952/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212|archive-date=30 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sukanya Verma]] called him the real star of the film for his "uninhibited and winsome" act.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sukanya|last=Verma|title=Golmaal: A wacky winner|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jul/14golmaal.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=14 July 2006|access-date=12 April 2009}}</ref>

Joshi had three releases in 2007. He first played a call centre employee in ''[[Life in a... Metro]]'' opposite [[Kangana Ranaut]], which was a surprise box office success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=348|title=Life in a... Metro – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] noted, "Sharman springs a pleasant surprise as he effortlessly slips into the role of the conflicted lover."<ref>{{cite web |author=Masand, Rajeev |publisher=CNN-IBN |title=Masand's verdict: Metro |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/masands-verdict-metro/40402-8-p1.html |access-date=29 December 2007 |archive-date=27 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227012639/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/masands-verdict-metro/40402-8-p1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Following his role in ''[[Raqeeb]]'', he played an ambitious young man in ''[[Dhol (film)|Dhol]]'' opposite [[Tanushree Dutta]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/22/stories/2007092250530200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108160523/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/09/22/stories/2007092250530200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 November 2012|title=Fun and frolic |author=Sreedhar Pillai|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 September 2007}}</ref> The following year saw him play the lead in ''[[Hello (2008 film)|Hello]]'' and ''[[Sorry Bhai!]]'', both of which were box office failures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/top-grossers/year/2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230072937/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office/top-grossers/year/2008 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2013 |title=Bollywood Box Office: Top Grossers in INDIA for 2008 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=2013-10-07}}</ref>

2009 saw Joshi play his career's most notable character of an engineering student in ''[[3 Idiots]]'', which later gained a [[cult status]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mecchi |first1=Jason |title=Bollywood, Hollywood and the Globalization of Socially-conscious Film: A Review of 3 Idiots |url=https://www.midstory.org/bollywood-hollywood-and-the-globalization-of-socially-conscious-film-a-review-of-3-idiots/ |access-date=4 January 2022 |work=[[Midstory]] |date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=4 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104114329/https://www.midstory.org/bollywood-hollywood-and-the-globalization-of-socially-conscious-film-a-review-of-3-idiots/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film emerged as the [[List of Hindi films of 2009|highest grossing Indian film]] at that time and created several records worldwide.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2012 |title=Business of Rs 100-cr films: Who gets what and why |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-26/news/33386102_1_box-office-movie-rotten-tomatoes/2 |access-date=22 February 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221042634/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-08-26/news/33386102_1_box-office-movie-rotten-tomatoes/2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=3 Idiots Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/3-idiots/box-office/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=25 December 2009 |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117062003/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/3-idiots/box-office/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] called his performance "first rate".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=25 December 2009 |title=3 Idiots |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/3-idiots/ |access-date=18 February 2012 |archive-date=6 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806083638/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/3-idiots/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Rajeev Masand also noted: "Joshi has a meatier role, hence succeeds in fleshing out more competently."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=3 February 2010 |title=3 Idiots review: CNN-IBN |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-3-idiots-satisfying-but-not-the-best/107739-8.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228093155/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-3-idiots-satisfying-but-not-the-best/107739-8.html |archive-date=28 December 2009 |access-date=21 November 2010 |website=CNN-IBN}}</ref> The film earned him the [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='3 Idiots' Leads IIFA Nomination List|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/3-idiots-leads-iifa-nomination-list/681290|access-date=2020-11-26|website=outlookindia.com/}}</ref>

In 2010, Joshi played a prospective groom in ''[[Toh Baat Pakki!]]'' opposite [[Yuvika Chaudhary]], which was a box office failure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Preview: Toh Baat Pakki |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100130955&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood |publisher=NDTV Movies |date=15 February 2010 |access-date=21 February 2010 |archive-date=21 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221172010/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20100130955&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood |url-status=live }}</ref> His next release, ''[[Allah Ke Banday]]'' also failed commercially.<ref>{{cite web|title=Allah Ke Banday - Gangster Breakfast!|url=http://www.b4utv.com/showtime/gossip/2010/101005allah_ke_banday.shtml|accessdate=2010-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210164931/http://www.b4utv.com/showtime/gossip/2010/101005allah_ke_banday.shtml |archivedate=10 December 2012 }}</ref> Joshi then played a middle class Parsi who wants to fulfil his son's cricket dream in the 2012 film ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''. The film emerged a critical and commercial success.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharman's Ferrari Ki Sawari makes profit|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sharman-s-ferrari-ki-sawari-makes-profit/story-eQyIIahcR1hMNKH3DlyQ0M.html |publisher=HindustanTimes |date=18 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari Box Office|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ferrari-ki-sawaari/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=29 June 2012}}</ref> Sonia Chopra of ''[[Sify]]'' was appreciative of Joshi's "natural likeability and earnestness".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/ferrari-ki-sawaari-review-a-fun-yet-bumpy-ride-review-bollywood-15001022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513012207/http://www.sify.com/movies/ferrari-ki-sawaari-review-a-fun-yet-bumpy-ride-review-bollywood-15001022.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-05-13|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari review: A fun yet bumpy ride|author=Sonia Chopra|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

=== Later work (2013–present) ===
He also played the role of a cop in the [[erotic]]-[[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''.<ref name=teh12/><ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/lucknow/i-find-lucknow-very-fancy-sharman-joshi/articleshow/61339313.cms|title=I find Lucknow very fancy: Sharman Joshi - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409050851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/lucknow/i-find-lucknow-very-fancy-sharman-joshi/articleshow/61339313.cms|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He has played a lead role in the Bollywood movies ''[[Kaashi in Search of Ganga]]'' (2018) and ''[[3 Storeys]].''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/in-kashi-to-play-kashi-sharman-says-loving-it-to-bits/story-jaQG4cj0objYzTaKnejIJM.html|title=In Kashi, to play Kashi, Sharman says loving it to bits|date=2017-09-29|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-04-08|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408011710/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/in-kashi-to-play-kashi-sharman-says-loving-it-to-bits/story-jaQG4cj0objYzTaKnejIJM.html|archive-date=8 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He is also known for his role as Raju Rastogi in the movie ''[[3 Idiots]]''. He made his digital debut with [[Balaji Telefilms]]'s production ''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]'' in 2019 as the male lead opposite [[Asha Negi]].

== Other works ==
=== Theatre ===
Joshi has acted, produced and directed stage plays in [[English language|English]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] languages. He directed and starred in various theatre performances. He appeared as a deaf character in Gujarati version of popular play ''All the Best'', which did over 550 shows in three years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/theatre-is-ruthless-sharman-joshi-117121400398_1.html|title=Theatre is ruthless: Sharman Joshi|last=IANS|date=2017-12-14|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043418/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/theatre-is-ruthless-sharman-joshi-117121400398_1.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sharman-joshi-brings-an-award-winning-play-to-india/story-giyCi5jzVbUo6vl8CnXVhJ.html|title=Sharman Joshi brings an award-winning play to India|date=2017-04-23|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-04-08|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409044427/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sharman-joshi-brings-an-award-winning-play-to-india/story-giyCi5jzVbUo6vl8CnXVhJ.html|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Another one of his popular comedy play was "Ame Layi Gaya, Tame Rahi Gaya" where he played four different roles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/gujarati/amelaigaya.asp|title=Ame Lai Gaya Tame Rahi Gaya|access-date=7 March 2020|archive-date=4 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604175722/https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/gujarati/amelaigaya.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, he made his directorial debut with the Hindi rom-com, Main Aur Tum. It features him in the lead role along with [[Tejashree Pradhan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/theatre/Theatre-Review-Main-Aur-Tum/articleshow/53960596.cms|title=Theatre Review: Main Aur Tum - Times of India|last=Sawant|first=Purvaja|date=2 September 2016|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14|archive-date=28 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228025422/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/theatre/Theatre-Review-Main-Aur-Tum/articleshow/53960596.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Television ===
In 2009, he hosted a [[game show]] at [[Real (TV channel)|Real T.V.]] called ''[[PokerFace: Dil Sachcha Chehra Jhootha]]'', which was based on a British game show called ''[[PokerFace (game show)|PokerFace]]''. He has been honored with the life membership of International Film and Television Club of Asian Academy of Film & Television. Sharman refers to be type-cast during his career and spoke about it at a TEDx conference in Mumbai in January, 2017.<ref>{{Citation|last=TEDx Talks|title=Breaking a typecast in performing art|date=2017-02-14|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHwcTuTCZB4&t=1s|access-date=2017-08-07|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011204259/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHwcTuTCZB4&t=1s|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/21468|title=TEDxYouth@OIS|website=www.ted.com|language=en|access-date=2017-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125174439/https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/21468|archive-date=25 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Joshi married Prerana Chopra, daughter of actor [[Prem Chopra]], on 15 June 2000 at the age of 21.<ref>{{cite web|title=Love Story of Sharman Joshi and Prerana Chopra|url=https://www.zestvine.com/sharman-joshi-prerana-chopra-love-story/|website=ZestVine|access-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612024231/https://www.zestvine.com/sharman-joshi-prerana-chopra-love-story/|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The couple have three children, Khyana Joshi, and twins Vaaryan and Vihaan Joshi.<ref>{{cite web|title=It's all in Sharman Joshi's family|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_it-s-all-in-sharman-joshi-s-family_1325076|publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]|access-date=2011-03-17|author=Soumyadipta Banerjee|date=18 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913080524/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_it-s-all-in-sharman-joshi-s-family_1325076|archive-date=13 September 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| {{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]''
| Karsan
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Lehren |first=Team |title=Making Of Godmother {{!}} Sharman Joshi {{!}} Bollywood Flashback |url=https://lehren.com/featured/making-of-godmother-sharman-joshi-bollywood-flashback/29184/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Lehren]] |date=May 4, 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203061640/https://lehren.com/featured/making-of-godmother-sharman-joshi-bollywood-flashback/29184/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2”|2001
| ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]''
| Prakash
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Sharman Joshi would take directors' numbers from phonebook and call them asking for work |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sharman-joshi-would-search-phonebook-for-directors-and-call-them-for-work-101669598059479.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=28 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Style (2001 film)|Style]]''
| Nehal "Bantu" Shah / Rose Mary Marlow{{efn|Joshi played a single character with two or more names.}}
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Kameshwari |first=A |title=Actors Sharman Joshi and Sahil Khan might return with Style 3, see pic |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sharman-joshi-and-sahil-khan-film-style-3-might-return-see-pic-3098975/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |url-access=limited |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=23 October 2016 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003
| ''[[Kahan Ho Tum (film)|Kahan Ho Tum]]''
| Rakesh Kumar
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Jha |first=Subhash K |title=In Bollywood, young is in |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jun/21bolly.htm |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=June 21, 2003}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Xcuse Me]]''
| Nehal "Bantu" Shah
|
|<ref>{{cite web |last=Lehren |first=Team |title=Sahil Khan & Sharman Joshi Perform The Muhurat Of Film 'Xcuse Me' |url=https://lehren.com/retro/flashback/movie-launches/film-muhurat-xcuse-me-sahil-khan-sharman-joshi-performance/6448/ |website=[[Lehren]] |access-date=3 December 2022 |date=26 January 2022 |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203065840/https://lehren.com/retro/flashback/movie-launches/film-muhurat-xcuse-me-sahil-khan-sharman-joshi-performance/6448/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Shaadi No. 1]]''
| Aryan Kapoor
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Gajjar |first=Manish |title=BBC - Shropshire - Bollywood - Shaadi No 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2005/09/shaadi_preview.shtml |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=September 29, 2005}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2006
| ''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
| Sukhi Ram / [[Shivaram Rajguru]]{{efn|Joshi played a character who portrays [[Shivaram Rajguru]] in a documentary featured in the film.}}
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Piyush |title=How Rang De Basanti created a challenging storyboard for future filmmakers |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-rang-de-basanti-created-a-challenging-storyboard-for-future-filmmakers/article65894577.ece | url-access=limited |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 September 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Golmaal: Fun Unlimited]]''
| Laxman Prasad Sharma
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Rao |first=Milana |title=Exclusive! Sharman Joshi on 14 years of 'Golmaal': After the first shot itself Rohit Shetty knew we had a winner on hand - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/exclusive-sharman-joshi-on-14-years-of-golmaal-after-the-first-shot-itself-rohit-shetty-knew-we-had-a-winner-on-hand/articleshow/76961257.cms |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=July 15, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007
| ''[[Life in a... Metro]]''
| Rahul Dhupia
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Bengani |first=Sneha |title=15 years of Life in a Metro: Exploring the insidiousness of female desire and shame |url=https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/15-years-of-life-in-a-metro-exploring-the-insidiousness-of-female-desire-and-shame-10658971.html |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=Firstpost |date=11 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Raqeeb]]''
| Siddharth Verma
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |title=Raqeeb Review 2.5/5 {{!}} Raqeeb Movie Review {{!}} Raqeeb 2007 Public Review {{!}} Film Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/raqeeb/critic-review/raqeeb-movie-review/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=May 18, 2007 |language=en}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dhol (2007 film)|Dhol]]''
| Pankaj "Pakya" Tiwari
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Ashraf |first=Syed Firdaus |title=Dhol is funny in parts |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/21dhol.htm |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=September 21, 2007}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2008
| ''[[Hello (2008 film)|Hello]]''
| Shyam "Sam" Mehra
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Dasgupta |first=Piali |title=I'm not smart enough:Sharman - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/im-not-smart-enoughsharman/articleshow/2628331.cms |access-date=3 December 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=December 18, 2007 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sorry Bhai!]]''
| Siddharth Mathur
|
|<ref>{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=Sorry Bhai! - Indian Express |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/sorry-bhai-/391953/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=November 29, 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| Raju Rastogi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2017 |title=8 years of 3 Idiots: 15 things about the film you did not know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/8-years-of-3-idiots-15-things-about-the-film-you-did-not-know/story-LHKFgAYEyjJ7NEaVJYL80H.html |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021110138/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/8-years-of-3-idiots-15-things-about-the-film-you-did-not-know/story-LHKFgAYEyjJ7NEaVJYL80H.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010
| ''[[Toh Baat Pakki!]]''
| Rahul Saxena
|
|
|-
| ''[[Allah Ke Banday]]''
| Vijay Kamble
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2012
| ''[[Ferrari Ki Sawaari]]''
| Rustam "Rusy" Behram Deboo
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/hindi/Ferrari-Ki-Sawaari/movie-review/14120639.cms|title=Ferrari Ki Sawaari|author=Madhureeta Mukherjee|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[3 Bachelors]]''
| Amit
|
|
|-
| 2013
| ''[[War Chod Na Yaar]]''
| Captain Rajveer "Raj" Singh Rana
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014
| ''[[Gang of Ghosts]]''
| Raju Writer
|
|
|-
| ''[[Super Nani]]''
| Manorath "Mann" Mehra
|
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Hate Story 3]]''
| Aditya Diwan
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2016
| ''[[1920 London]]''
| Jai Singh Gujjar
|
|
|-
| ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]''
| ACP Kabir Deshmukh
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2018
|''[[3 Storeys]]''
| Shankar Varma
|
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/grapevine/sharman-joshi-anchor-2-debutants-3-storeys-1545385|title=Sharman Joshi to anchor 2 debutants in '3 Storeys'|date=2018-03-10|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2018-04-08|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409051555/https://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/grapevine/sharman-joshi-anchor-2-debutants-3-storeys-1545385|archive-date=9 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kaashi in Search of Ganga]]''
| Kaashi Chaudhary
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/in-kashi-to-play-kashi-sharman-says-loving-it-to-bits/story-jaQG4cj0objYzTaKnejIJM.html|title=Sharman Say to loving it in play kashi|newspaper=Hindustan Times|access-date=28 July 2018|archive-date=11 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011204301/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/in-kashi-to-play-kashi-sharman-says-loving-it-to-bits/story-jaQG4cj0objYzTaKnejIJM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2019
| ''[[The Least of These]]''
| Manav Banerjee
|
|<ref name="The Times of India"/>
|-
| ''[[Mission Mangal]]''
| Parmeshwar Joshi
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/akshay-kumar-s-mission-mangal-slated-to-release-on-independence-day-2019/story-KJT2K3Wolj66PJpwjqJjbL.html|title=Akshay Kumar's Mission Mangal slated to release on Independence day 2019|date=13 November 2018|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2021
| ''[[Mera Fauji Calling]]''
| Abhishek
|
|
|-
| ''[[Babloo Bachelor]]''
| Ranvijay "Babloo"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5"|2023
| ''[[Congratulations (2023 film)|Congratulations]]''
| Aditya Mehta
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] film; also producer
|<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/congratulations-poster-out-sharman-joshis-pregnant-avatar-grabs-major-eyeballs/articleshow/96683642.cms|title= 'Congratulations' Poster Out! Sharman Joshi's pregnant avatar grabs major eyeballs |newspaper= The Times of India|access-date= 28 January 2023|archive-date= 3 January 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230103074532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/congratulations-poster-out-sharman-joshis-pregnant-avatar-grabs-major-eyeballs/articleshow/96683642.cms|url-status= live}}</ref>
|-
| ''Ouch 2''
| Sudeep
| Short film
|
|-
| ''[[Music School (film)|Music School]]''
| Manoj Kumar
| Simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=இளையராஜா இசையமைக்கும் படத்தில் 12 பாடல்கள்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2021/sep/03/sharman-joshi-shriya-saran-to-star-in-ilaiyaraajas-music-school-3692419.html |access-date=11 September 2022 |publisher=[[Dinamani]] |date=3 September 2021 |language=ta |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911195340/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2021/sep/03/sharman-joshi-shriya-saran-to-star-in-ilaiyaraajas-music-school-3692419.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aankh Micholi (2023 film)|Aankh Micholi]]''
| Yuvraj Singh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/nov/04/aankh-micholi-movie-review-peak-a-bore-2629805.html|title='Aankh Micholi' movie review: Peak-a-bore|website=The New Indian Express|accessdate=24 November 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sab Moh Maaya Hai|Sab Moh Maya Hai]]''
| Piyush Mishra
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/this-sharman-joshi-annu-kapoor-film-rejected-by-big-screens-and-ott-is-set-to-premiere-on-tv-8666153.html|title=This Sharman Joshi-Annu Kapoor Film, Rejected By Big Screens And OTT, Is Set To Premiere On TV|work=News18|access-date=28 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025
| ''[[Sikandar (2025 film)|Sikandar]]''
| Amar
|
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/sharman-joshi-joins-cast-salman-khan-starrer-sikandar-report/|date=14 September 2024|title=Sharman Joshi joins the cast of Salman Khan starrer Sikandar|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=27 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|Bhalobashar Morshum}}
|Abir
|Filming; Debut [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-25 |title=Tanjin Tisha to star opposite '3 Idiots' actor; Bashar steps away |url=https://viewsbangladesh.com/tanjin-tisha-to-star-opposite-3-idiots-actor-bashar-steps-away-from-project/ |access-date=2025-07-26 |website=Views Bangladesh |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{TBA}}
| {{Pending film|Golmaal 5}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| Filming
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2026 |last=Srivastava |first=Soumya |title=Golmaal 5 announced on Rohit Shetty's birthday: This time, Akshay Kumar joins Ajay Devgn and gang for another epic ride |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/golmaal-5-announced-on-rohit-shettys-birthday-this-time-akshay-kumar-joins-ajay-devgn-and-gang-for-another-epic-ride-101773491787043.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=14 March 2026}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
! class="unsortable"| {{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[PokerFace: Dil Sachcha Chehra Jhootha]]''
| Host
|
|
|-
| ''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
| Himself
| Special appearance
|
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Baarish (web series)|Baarish]]''
| Anuj Mehta
| 2 seasons
|<ref>{{cite web|date=25 April 2019|title=Sharman Joshi: Baarish is perfect for a Sunday family binge|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sharman-joshi-baarish-is-perfect-for-a-sunday-family-binge-5693522/|website=The Indian Express|accessdate=11 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Pawan & Pooja]]''
| Pawan Mehra
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-05|title=Pawan & Pooja trailer: Deepti Naval, Mahesh Manjrekar, Gul Panag, Sharman Joshi explore changing definitions of love|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/pawan-pooja-trailer-deepti-naval-mahesh-manjrekar-gul-panag-explore-changing-definitions-of-love-8006651.html|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Kafas (TV series)|Kafas]]''
| Raghav Vashisht
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=SonyLIV announces premiere date of Sharman Joshi-Mona Singh starrer 'Kafas' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sonyliv-announces-premiere-date-of-sharman-joshi-mona-singh-starrer-kafas/article66993260.ece |access-date=22 August 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 June 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''Medical Dreams''
|Subrat Sinha
|
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Medical Dreams on OTT: When, where to watch Sharman Joshi's show on NEET aspirants|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/entertainment/ott/story/medical-dreams-ott-sharman-joshi-tvf-show-on-neet-aspirants-2675078-2025-02-05|access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=5 February 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|}

== Discography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Song
! Composer
! class="unsortable"| {{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
| 2009
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| "[[3 Idiots (soundtrack)|Give Me Some Sunshine]]"
| [[Shantanu Moitra]]
|<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuteja|first=Joginder|date=29 November 2009|title=3 Idiots : Music Review by|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/13910/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519105032/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/musicreview/13910/index.html|archive-date=19 May 2009|access-date=19 October 2021|work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Category
! Film
! Result
! Ref.
|-
| 2000
| [[Zee Cine Awards|3rd Zee Cine Awards]]
| [[Zee Cine Award for Best Male Debut|Best Male Debut]]
| ''[[Godmother (film)|Godmother]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2000/winners/ |title=The 3rd Zee Cine Awards 2000 Viewers Choice Awards Nominees & Winners |work=Zee Cine Awards |access-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517024855/https://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/2000/winners/ |archive-date=17 May 2020 |agency=Zee Entertainment Enterprises}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| [[Screen Awards|11th Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Screen Award for Best Comedian|Best Comedian]]
| ''[[Xcuse Me]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiafm.com:80/awards/screen/nominees2004.shtml |title=11th Annual Screen Awards – Nominees for the year 2004 |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=27 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111033331/http://www.indiafm.com/awards/screen/nominees2004.shtml |archive-date=11 January 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| [[Global Indian Film Awards|2nd Global Indian Film Awards]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Golmaal (2006 film)|Golmaal]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=G.I.F.A. Awards 2006: List of winners|author=IndiaFM News Bureau|date=10 December 2006|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/12/10/1918/index.html|website=Bollywood Hungama|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121175701/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2006/12/10/1918/index.html|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-date=21 November 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2007
| [[52nd Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Check out the Filmfare Awards Winners from 1953 to 2019! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=Filmfare |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[8th IIFA Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|access-date=21 March 2008 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/11/stories/2007061101302000.htm |title=Rang de Basanti top film at IIFA Awards |date=11 June 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408161747/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/11/stories/2007061101302000.htm |work=The Hindu |archive-date=8 April 2008 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards|13th Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations for the 13th Annual Star-Screen Awards |author=IndiaFM |date=26 December 2006 |url=http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/12/26/1988/index.html |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228075835/http://www.indiafm.com/features/2006/12/26/1988/index.html |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=28 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| [[Screen Awards|14th Screen Awards]]
| ''[[Life in a... Metro]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/11/3466/index.html|title=Winners of 14th Annual Star Screen Awards|date=11 January 2008|work=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=10 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023075703/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2008/01/11/3466/index.html|archivedate=23 October 2011}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4"|2010
| [[55th Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="4"|''[[3 Idiots]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/55th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-461.html|title=55th Idea Filmfare Awards Complete Nominations List|work=Filmfare|accessdate=13 November 2010|archive-date=13 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213061715/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/55th-idea-filmfare-awards-nominations-461.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[11th IIFA Awards]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news|title=IIFA Awards 2010 Winners: Complete list of winners|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/iffa-awards-winners/2010/117|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| [[Screen Awards|16th Screen Awards]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/winners-of-nokia-16th-annual-star-screen-awards-2009/ |title=Winners of Nokia 16th Annual Star Screen Awards 2009 |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 January 2010|access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| [[Stardust Awards|8th Stardust Awards]]
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Amitabh Paa, Kareena Kurban rock at stardust awards, but SRK missing!!|url=http://www.magnamags.com/index.php/201001185558/stardust/scoop-of-the-day/amitabh-paa-kareena-kurban-rock-at-stardust-awards-but-srk-missing.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223055329/http://www.magnamags.com/index.php/201001185558/stardust/scoop-of-the-day/amitabh-paa-kareena-kurban-rock-at-stardust-awards-but-srk-missing.html|archive-date=23 February 2010|access-date=28 November 2020|website=Stardust Awards}}</ref>
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0430817|name=Sharman Joshi}}
* [http://www.sharmanjoshi.com/ Sharman Joshi official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726200800/http://www.sharmanjoshi.com/ |date=26 July 2010 }}

{{IIFAAwardBestSupportingActor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Sharman}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian game show hosts]]
[[Category:Gujarati actors]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:1979 births]]

Nikesha Patel

2026-03-14T08:38:30Z

ClayAcosta:

{{short description|British-Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikesha Patel
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Cardiff]], [[Wales]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress| [[Model (person)|model]]}}
| othername =
| spouse =
| parents =
}}
'''Nikesha Patel''' is a British-Indian actress. She debuted in the 2010 [[Telugu film|Telugu]] film ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Puli]]'' and later went on to work in more than 30 films in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam cinema as a lead.

==Early life==
Nikesha Patel was born to a [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]] family in the United Kingdom and raised there.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-17 |title=Nikesha Patel was born and brought up in United Kingdom |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/did-you-know/nikesha-patel-was-born-and-brought-up-in-united-kingdom/articleshow/33862497.cms |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She is born and brought up in Cardiff, Wales and her parents still reside in Pontypridd, Wales. She was a finalist in the 2006 [[Miss Wales]] beauty pageant.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} And won 5 titles for miss India UK. She called herself "a terrible actor" and said that she was rejected six times by Peter Woolridge's acting school in three years, but she finally made a diploma in acting.<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Nikesha-on-a-high-with-RUM/2013/10/19/article1842955.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024074700/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/reviews/Nikesha-on-a-high-with-RUM/2013/10/19/article1842955.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2013 |title=Nikesha on a high with RUM!}}</ref> Since she was 15, she has been part of [[BBC]] TV shows like ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'', ''[[The Story of Tracy Beaker (TV series)|Tracy Beaker]]'' and ''[[Doctor Who]]''.<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/>

== Career ==
Patel then moved to India planning to work in [[Bollywood]]. She got an offer from actor and filmmaker [[Dev Anand]], who was a friend of her father, to act in his film ''Beauty Queen'', but it was shelved.<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/> She made her film debut in the 2010 Indian [[Telugu language]] film, ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Puli]]'', playing the lead female role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/movies/Nikisha-Patel-debuts-with-Puli-imagegallery-tollywood-kigmUmdfidf.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811143840/http://sify.com/movies/Nikisha-Patel-debuts-with-Puli-imagegallery-tollywood-kigmUmdfidf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2010 |title=Nikisha Patel debuts with Puli |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> This film was the biggest launch pad starring pawan Kalyan and directed by SJ. Surya with a huge technical team of AR Rahman, Binod pradhan and Ahmed Khan.<ref name="Deccan Chronicle">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131129/entertainment-kollywood/article/i-dream-about-heroine-centric-films-nikesha-patel |title=I dream about heroine-centric films: Nikesha Patel |date=29 November 2013}}</ref> And she moved to the Kannada film industry. Patel had also got offered Hollywood actor-director Steven Seagal's film, but it didn't get materialized. Her next three releases were Kannada films: ''[[Narasimha (2012 film)|Narasimha]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/168530/everything-acting-excites-me.html |title='Everything about acting excites me' |date=13 June 2011}}</ref> for which she was nominated for SIIMA Award for Best Female Debutant, ''Dakota Picture'' and ''[[Varadhanayaka]]'', a remake of the Telugu film ''[[Lakshyam (2007 film)|Lakshyam]]'' (2007).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/Nikesha-wants-to-work-with-Puneeth-Rajkumar/articleshow/9173516.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527014544/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-07-11/news-interviews/29758331_1_first-film-sudeep-tollywood |url-status=live |archive-date=27 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Nikesha wants to work with Puneeth Rajkumar |date=11 July 2011}}</ref> Although ''Narasimha'' and ''Varadanayaka'' were successful at the box office, she said that these films "were unsatisfying for me as an actress".<ref name="Deccan Chronicle"/> 2013 she was seen in her second Telugu film ''[[Om 3D]]'' too,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nikesha-Patels-bikini-act-in-Om/articleshow/21081838.cms? |title=Nikesha Patel's bikini act in Om |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-south-nikesha-patel-om-3d-is-a-love-triangle/20130717.htm#4 |title=sizzles in OM}}</ref> which she called "the most satisfying so far".<ref name="Deccan Chronicle"/> She had stated in 2012 that she would make her Malayalam debut in ''Newsmaker'' opposite [[Mammootty]], playing a reporter.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/no-full-stops/article3667818.ece |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=K. R. |last=Manigandan |title=No full stops |date=22 July 2012}}</ref> She was also reported to have been signed for [[Rosshan Andrrews]]' Malayalam film ''Mumbai police with prithviraj''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/Nikesha-Patel-hits-a-jackpot-in-Tamil/articleshow/7717867.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021214342/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-03-16/news-interviews/28698383_1_jackpot-tamil-film-industry-hits |url-status=live |archive-date=21 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Nikesha Patel hits a jackpot in Tamil}}</ref> While the former did not materialize, the latter film did not feature her.

Patel started working in the Tamil film industry too. Her first Tamil offer was ''[[Amali Thumali]]'' (initially titled as ''Nanba'') opposite [[Nakkhul]], [[Shanthanu Bhagyaraj]], [[Santhanam (actor)|Santhanam]] and [[Swathi Reddy]] which she said "did not come through", but she was signed for another Tamil film opposite Nakkhul titled ''Narathan''.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Nikeshas-next-with-Nakul/articleshow/19649507.cms |work=The Times Of India |title=Nikesha's next with Nakul - The Times of India}}</ref> She has been signed for two more Tamil projects besides ''Narathan'', ''[[Yennamo Yedho]]'' co-starring [[Gautham Karthik]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Nikeshas-next-with-Gautham-Karthik/articleshow/20291684.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227165446/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-28/news-interviews/39578676_1_gautham-karthik-ravi-thyagarajan-kadal |url-status=live |archive-date=27 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Nikesha's next with Gautham Karthik}}</ref> and ''[[Thalaivan]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-13 |title=Thalaivan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/previews/thalaivan/articleshow/15471619.cms |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She has signed her next films in Kannada, ''Namaste Madam'' opposite [[Srinagar Kitty]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Kitty helps Nikesha Patel with her Kannada |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Kitty-helps-Nikesha-Patel-with-her-Kannada/articleshow/31399996.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 March 2014 |access-date=5 March 2014}}</ref> and in Telugu, ''[[Rambha Urvasi Menaka|RUM]]'', directed and produced by MS Raju.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/kannada/news-interviews/Nikesha-signed-her-next-Telugu-flick/articleshow/18345914.cms?referral=PM |work=The Times Of India |title=Nikesha signed her next Telugu flick - The Times of India}}</ref> In 2016, she became busy in all languages with ''Araku Road Lo'' with Telugu hero Sai stating to release in September and also Tamil film ''7 Naatkal'' with hero Shakthi Vasu. She then signed K.C. Bokadia's Tamil-Telugu first bilingual, directed by himself with popular actor Srikanth and Kasturiraja's film called ''Paandi Muni'', directed by actor Dhanush's father co-starring Bollywood actor Jackie Shroff.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role(s)
! Language(s)
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Puli]]'' || Madhumathi || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Telugu Debut ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/komaram-puli |title=Komaram Puli (2010). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2012 || ''[[Narasimha (2012 film)|Narasimha]]'' || Varsha || rowspan='3'|[[Kannada]] || Kannada Debut Nominated, SIIMA Award for Best Female Debutant ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/narasimhaa |title=Narasimhaa (2012). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Dakota Picture]]'' || Radha || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/dakota-picture |title=Dakota Picture (2012). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013 || ''[[Varadhanayaka]]'' || Sirisha || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/varadhanayaka |title=Varadhanayaka (2013). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Om 3D]]'' || Rhea || Telugu || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/om |title=Om (2013). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 || ''[[Thalaivan]]'' || Anusha || rowspan=2|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Tamil Debut ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/bas-in-thalaivan |title=Thalaivan (2014). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Yennamo Yedho]]'' || Kavya || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/yennamo-yedho |title=Yennamo Yedho (2014). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Namaste Madam]]'' || Rukmini || rowspan=2| Kannada || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/namasthe-madam-2014-kannada |title=Namasthe Madam (2014). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Alone (2015 Kannada film)|Alone]]'' ||rowspan=2|Priya || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/alone-2015-kannada |title=Alone (2015). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2016 || ''[[Alone (2015 Kannada film)|Karaioram]]'' || rowspan=2|Tamil || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/karaiyorum |title=Karaiyoram (2016). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|| ''[[Narathan]]'' || Maya/Swetha || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/narathan |title=Narathan (2016). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Luv U Alia]]'' || || Kannada || Cameo appearance || <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Nikesha-bags-cameo-in-Luv-U-Alia/articleshow/45852226.cms |title=Nikesha bags cameo in Luv U Alia |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|| ''Araku Road Lo'' || Roja || rowspan=1|Telugu || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/araku-roadlo |title=Araku Roadlo (2016). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2017
|| ''[[7 Naatkal]]'' || Pooja || rowspan="3" |Tamil || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/7-naatkkal |title=7 Naatkkal (2017). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Bhaskar Oru Rascal]]'' || Kalyani || ||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.moviebuff.com/baskar-oru-rascal |title=Baskar Oru Rascal (2018). |website=MovieBuff |access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2019 ||''[[Market Raja MBBS]]'' || Steffany || || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/market-raja-mbbs-41909/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010112550/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/market-raja-mbbs-41909/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=10 October 2022 |title=Market Raja MBBS Cast & Crew |website=cinestaan|access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|3874621}}
* {{Instagram | id= nikesha.patel| name= Nikesha Patel}}
* {{Facebook|nikeshapatelreal}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Nikesha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Welsh actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Cardiff]]
[[Category:Welsh people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Doodhmati

2026-03-13T23:02:29Z

ClayAcosta: Creating details!

{{Short description|River in Mithila}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Doodhmati
| name_native =
| country = Nepal and India
| region = [[Mithila region]]
| region_type = Geographical
| district = Dhanusha, Mahottari and Madhubani
| city =
| cities = Kshireshwarnath, Janakpur
| native_name =
| name_other =
| other_name = दूधमती
| nickname = Dhudmati
| etymology = Milk of the divine [[Kamdhenu]] cow
}}
The '''Doodhmati''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: दूधमती) is a river in the [[Indian subcontinent]] that flows on the plains of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] in [[Nepal]]. The origin of the Dudhmati river is at Arjawan village located in ward number 5 of the [[Chhireshwarnath|Kshireshwarnath Municipality]] in Nepal. It also flows through [[Janakpur|Janakpurdham]]. It is a sacred river and considered as Ganga in the city of Janakpur.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=दूधमती नदी का जीर्णोद्धार व सीमांकन शुरू |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sitamarhi/story-nepal-government-initiates-demarcation-of-historic-dudhmaty-river-for-conservation-201735492224827.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=तीन दिवसीय दूधमती महोत्सव शुरू |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sitamarhi/story-three-day-doodhmati-festival-begins-5660323.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref> It is a legendary heritage for [[Hindus|Hindu]] adherents associated with [[Ramayana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-05-10 |title=जनकपुर में मोदी के एकलव्य: जब प्रधानमंत्री का आह्वान नेपाल में बना प्रेरणा |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/story-of-a-man-inspired-by-pm-narendra-modi-855500 |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=ABP News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Legends ==
According legends, Goddess Doodhmati is the personified form of the sacred river Doodhmati. She was one of the eight friends of the [[Sita|Goddess Sita]] in Mithila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पीली कुटी के कण-कण में बसी हैं माता सीता, हर दिन माता सीता के साथ लक्ष्मणा गंगा की भी होती है पूजा - Mother Sita is settled in every particle of the yellow hut, Lakshmana Ganga is also worshiped along with Mother Sita every day. - Bihar Sitamarhi General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/sitamarhi-mother-sita-is-settled-in-every-particle-of-the-yellow-hut-lakshmana-ganga-is-also-worshiped-along-with-mother-sita-every-day-22698937.html |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly in other legend, it is believed that a divine cow called [[Kamadhenu|Kamdhenu]] came to feed milk to Goddess Sita. Then this river was formed after the divine cow Kamdhenu poured milk from her breasts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=सक्रिय |first=सुजीतकुमार झा :: ऐतिहासिक दूधमती नदी संरक्षणमा युवा |title=ऐतिहासिक दूधमती नदी संरक्षणमा युवा सक्रिय |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/31097?fb_comment_id=4042762289073668_4045405042142726 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ऐतिहासिक दूधमती नदी संरक्षणमा युवा सक्रिय |language=ne}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The Doodhmati river originates at the villages of ''Arjawan'' and ''Sakhuwa'' in the ward number 5 of the Kshireshwarnath Municipality in the Mithila region of Nepal. It merges in the ''Bigghi'' river at [[Matihani, Mahottari|Matihani]] in the [[Mahottari District|Mahottari district]] near the Indo-Nepal International border. Later it becomes the part of the [[Dhouns River]] in India. Its total length is 46 kilometres. It is one of the oldest flowing river in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Religious significance ==
The Doodhmati is a sacred river in the Mithila region. In [[Hinduism]], it is considered as an important place for sacred bathing, performing rituals for gods and ancestors. In [[Janakpur|Janakpurdham]], ''Doodhmati Aarti'' is held at [[Basabitti|Basavitti]] during the Navami of Vaishakh. Similarly, the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad|Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] performs special Aarti twice a month at Dudhmati, on the full moon and new moon days.<ref name=":1" /> Its sacred water is also used for performing Jalabhisheka on different [[Lingam|shivlings]] of the [[Shiva]] temples in the region during the [[Shravana (month)|Sawan]] Sombari festival. During the festival, devotees carry the sacred water from the river and perform [[Jalabhisheka]] on the shivlings of [[Jaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Jaleshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]], [[Valmikeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]] and some other Shiva temples in the Mithila region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=महर्षि वाल्मिकी के तप स्थल से प्रगट हुए थे वाल्मिकेश्वर महादेव - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/sitamarhi-valmikeshwar-mahadev-was-revealed-from-the-penance-of-maharishi-valmiki-19484299.html |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

The sacred water of the river was also sent to [[Ayodhya]] in India, during the [[Prana pratishtha|Prana Pratishta]] ceremony of the [[Ram Mandir]], for performing Jalabhisheka to the idol of [[Rama|Lord Rama]] in the temple.<ref>{{Cite news |title=प्राण प्रतिष्ठा में माता सीता के मायके से नेपाल की 10 नदियों का भेजा जल, 1100 टोकरियों |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/story-pran-pratistha-mata-sita-maika-nepal-10-river-jal-fruits-sent-in-1100-baskets-9233395.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />{{coord missing|Nepal}}

[[Category:Rivers of Nepal]]
[[Category:Mithila (region)]]

Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi

2026-03-11T17:45:36Z

ClayAcosta:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi
| image = Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi (cropped).jpg
| caption = Anbil Mahesh in 2024
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1977|12|2}}
| birth_place = [[Trichy]]
| residence = [[Trichy]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| education = [[Bishop Heber College & ER HSec School]], [[Trichy]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Government of Tamil Nadu|Minister for School Education Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 7 May 2021
| term_end =
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| predecessor = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]
| successor =
| office1 = Member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 25 May 2016
| term_end1 =
| constituency1 = [[Thiruverumbur (state assembly constituency)|Thiruverumbur]]
| predecessor1 = [[S. Senthilkumar (Thiruverumbur politician)|S. Senthilkumar]]
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| father = [[Anbil Poyyamozhi]]
| mother = Malathi
| spouse = Janani
| children = 2
| website = http://www.anbilmaheshpoyyamozhi.com/
}}

'''Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi''' (born 2 December 1977 as '''"Nallamuththu Poyyamozhi"''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=திருவெறும்பூர்: திமுக வேட்பாளர் அன்பில் மகேஷ் பொய்யாமொழி|url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2021/mar/12/thiruverumbur-dmk-candidate-anbil-mahesh-poyyamozhi-3579730.html|access-date=2021-03-21|website=Dinamani|date=12 March 2021 |language=ta}}</ref> is an Indian politician serving as the Minister for School Education in Tamil Nadu and District secretary for Trichy district-South (Trichy east, Thiruverumbur & Manapparai constituencies) of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/m-k-stalin-cabinet-in-tamil-nadu-raj-bhavan-releases-list-of-ministers/articleshow/82430341.cms | title=DMK govt in Tamil Nadu: Names of MK Stalin's cabinet colleagues revealed | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Julie Mariappan | date=6 May 2021 | accessdate=6 May 2021}}</ref> He was the Member of Legislative Assembly from 2016–2021. He served as the State Secretary of [[DMK Youth Wing]] from 2014–2019.

== Political career ==
He started his political life as a party worker in the year 2000. He was appointed the Youth Wing Secretary in 2014. He was elected as a Member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Thiruverumbur (state assembly constituency)|Thiruverumbur]] constituency in 2016.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=|quote=|title=15th Assembly Members List |location= |publisher=|date= |page=|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/15thassembly/members/101_150.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=|quote=|title=Descendants shine in party of rising sun|location= |work=The Hindu |date=April 21, 2016 |page=|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/descendants-shine-in-party-of-rising-sun/article8501998.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/tamil-nadu-elections-from-trichy-a-story-of-two-families-best-friends-forever-7243750/ | title=From Trichy, a story of two families, best friends forever | publisher=The Indian Express | work=Arun Janardhanan | date=25 March 2021 | accessdate=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2021/03/22/anbil-mahesh-poyyamozhi-a-3rd-generation-dmk-dynast-who-waited-16-years.html | title=Meet Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi, close friend of DMK scion Udhayanidhi Stalin | publisher=The Week | work=Lakshmi Subramanian | date=22 March 2021 | accessdate=21 April 2021}}</ref>
He was again elected as MLA in May 2021 from the Thiruverumbur constituency consecutively and appointed the School Education Minister of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi: All that you need to know about Tamil Nadu’s new school education minister |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/anbil-mahesh-poyyamozhi-all-that-you-need-to-know-about-tamil-nadus-new-school-education-minister/articleshow/82450782.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 May 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi completed a doctorate at National College, Tiruchirappalli. The research focused on the mix of education and computer science. Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhis dissertation, titled "Physical Activity, for Skill Development Through Machine Learning " was done under the guidance of T. Prasanna Balaji. <ref>{{cite web
|title=TN School Education Minister Anbil Mahesh completes PhD
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tn-school-education-minister-anbil-mahesh-completes-phd/article70291248.ece
|website=The Hindu
|publisher=The Hindu Group
|date=17 November 2025
|access-date=18 November 2025
}}</ref> The study gave a real data analysis of physical‑education activities. How they help overall skill growth in students. The study used machine‑learning‑based assessment methods to check results and find patterns, in student progress.

== Elections contested ==

=== Tamil Nadu Legislative elections ===
{|class="sortable wikitable"style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!Elections
!Constituency
!Party
!Result
!Vote percentage
!Opposition Candidate
!Opposition Party
!Opposition vote percentage
|-
|[[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]|||[[Thiruverumbur Assembly constituency|Thiruverumbur]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||{{Won}}||46.98||D. Kalaichelvan||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||37.85
|-
|[[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]|||[[Thiruverumbur Assembly constituency|Thiruverumbur]]||[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]||{{Won}}||53.48||[[P. Kumar]]||[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]]||28.27
|}

== Authorship ==
Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi penned a bilingual book 'National Education Policy 2020: Madhayaanai (The Rogue Elephant)' <ref>{{cite web | website=Amazon |url=https://www.amazon.com/%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF-%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D-%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25B3%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2588-2020-%25E0%25AE%258E%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D-%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%2588-ebook/dp/B0FFN4G8T3?sr=8-1%7D%7D}}</ref>
In the book, Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi argues that the National Education Policy 2025 policy is directly imposing Hindi on non-Hindi speaking states. He emphasizes that the two-language education policy followed by Tamil Nadu has been a backbone of the state's growth, and contends that NEP 2020 undermines this foundation..The work analyses perceived shortcomings in the policy, exploring its ideological basis and examining possible implications for Tamil Nadu's education system.

The book was released on 17 May 2025 at the Anna Centenary Library in Chennai. Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu M. K. Stalin presided over the launch ceremony. The book was received by Digvijaya Singh, senior Congress leader and Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Education, V. Gopala Gowda, former Supreme Court judge and former Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court, and Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai, Padma Shri awardee and former Director of the ISRO Satellite Centre.<ref>{{cite news |title=Will DMK Minister Anbil Mahesh's new book set fresh tone for Tamil Nadu's opposition against NEP? |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2025/05/17/will-dmk-minister-anbil-mahesh-s-new-book-set-fresh-tone-for-tamil-nadu-s-opposition-against-nep.html |work=The Week |language=en}}</ref>

=== Tamil Nadu State Education Policy 2025 ===

The Tamil Nadu State Education Policy 2025 is a state-level education policy for school education released by the Government of Tamil Nadu in the year 2025. The Union Government released the new National Education Policy in the year 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=தமிழ்நாடு மாநில கல்விக் கொள்கை 2025-க்கு ஆதரவும் எதிர்ப்பும் - ஒரு விரைவுப் பார்வை |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/tamilnadu/1372468-tamilnadu-state-education-policy-2025-highlights.html |website=Hindu Tamil Thisai |language=ta |date=9 August 2025}}</ref> The Government of Tamil Nadu had been expressing opposition to the Union Government’s education policy due to ideological differences on issues such as the teaching of a third language and the entrance examination for medical education. Comparing the National Education Policy to a “rogue elephant,” the Tamil Nadu Minister for School Education, Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi, strongly campaigned against it, accusing it of dragging Tamil Nadu’s educational progress backward and creating obstacles. He also wrote and published a book titled “National Education Policy – 2020 as a Rogue Elephant,” which contains his criticisms.

It was announced that a special, state-specific education policy would be formulated for Tamil Nadu. For this purpose, a 14-member committee was constituted under the chairmanship of former Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, Justice T. Murugesan. The draft report of this education policy, consisting of 520 pages, was compiled in October 2023. The report was submitted to the government on July 1, 2024. It was released by the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on August 8, 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=The Hindu |title=CM Stalin releases Tamil Nadu's State policy for school education; reiterates two-language formula |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cm-stalin-releases-tamil-nadus-state-policy-for-school-education-reiterates-two-language-policy/article69908641.ece |work=The Hindu |date=8 August 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poyyamozhi, Anbil Mahesh}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:People from Tiruchirappalli district]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Uthiripookkal (TV series)

2026-03-11T09:31:24Z

ClayAcosta: New Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Uthiripookkal serial.jpg
| caption = Cover photo
| genre = Soap opera
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = E. Vikkiramaathithan C.U .Muthuchelvan
| screenplay = C. U. Muthuchelvan '''Dialogues by''' [[Pa. Raghavan]]
| creative_director = Sujatha Vijayakumar
| director = E. Vikkiramaathithan
| starring = [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] [[Vadivukkarasi]] Manasa
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 476
| list_episodes =
| producer = Sujataa Vijaykumar K.Vijaykumar
| company = Home Movie Makers
| theme_music_composer = Ilakkiyan (Title Song) Kiran (Background Score)
| opentheme = "Ulladhellam Solla Poren" Solar Sai (Vocal) [[Yugabharathi]] (Lyrics)
| music =
| cinematography =
| editor = Singai V. Raju
| camera = Sakithya Seenu
| runtime = approx. 20-22 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2011|11|14}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2013|10|4}}
}}

'''Uthiri Pookal''' is a 2011 [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language soap opera that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from 14 November 2011 to 4 October 2013 on Monday through Friday at 06:30PM ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) for 476 episodes. It had been receiving the highest ratings of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] serials and received high praising from viewers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nettv4u.com/about/Tamil/tv-serials/uthiri-pookal|title= Uthiri Pookal serial on Sun TV|website= www.nettv4u.com}}</ref>

The show starring by [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]], [[Vadivukkarasi]], Maanasa Hemachandran, Sharavan, Karna, Sadhasivam, Harikrishnan and producer by Home Movie Makers Sujataa Vijaykumar, K.Vijaykumar and directed by E. Vikkiramaathithan.

It is the story of a good individual who adopts three children and brings them up with care and affection. It was also aired in [[Sri Lanka]] [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Channel on [[Shakthi TV]]. The show was re-telecastied from March 1, 2021, to March 25, 2022, at 09:00AM ([[Indian Standard Time]]).Chetan's performance as Sivanesan was highly praised by the viewers and the show received highest ratings at 6.30 pm slot. [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] won the Tamil Nadu state award for his portrayal of Sivanesan. Uthiripookal was selected as best serial of 2012 and won the Tamil Nadu state award.The show was retelecasted at the same channel from May 30, 2026 at 9:00 AM.

==Cast==
;Main
* [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]] as Sivanesan
* [[Vadivukkarasi]] as Alamelu
* Manasa as Sakthi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamil.filmibeat.com/television/sun-tv-serial-uthiripookal-will-sakthi-die-172015.html|title= Sun TV serial Uthiripookal will Sakthi die?|website= tamil.filmibeat.com|date= 22 March 2013}}</ref>
* Shravan Dwaraganath as Lakshmipathy

;Recurring
* Akila Prakash as Sushi
* Shamilly Sukumar as Megha
* Hari Ruthran as Dilipan
* [[L. Raja]] as Dhakshinamoorthy
* Srilekha as Valliammai
* Revathypriya as Karuna
* [[Nithya Ravindran]] as Manonmani
* Dev Anand Sharma as Sathish
* Shyaam as Elango
* Shabnam as Shalini
* Mahalakshmi as Priya
* Bharathy as Bhagya Lakshmi
* Roopa Shree as Jamuna
* Srirubi as Nila
* Swetha as Suguna
* Revathi Priya as Karuna
* Karna as Sadhasivam
* Sadhasivam as Pandi Durai

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable" width="90%"
|- bgcolor="blue"
!style="width:25pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Year
!style="width:80pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Award
!style="width:120pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Category
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Recipient
!style="width:60pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Role
!style="width:40pt; background:LightSteelBlue;"| Result
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2012
| rowspan="5" | [[Sun Kudumbam Viruthugal]]
| Best Editor
| Singa V. Raja
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Dubbing Artist Male
| Vijayakumar
|
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Background Music
| Kiran
|
| {(Won
|-
| Best Son in-Law
| Sarvan
| Laksupathi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor Award
| Sarvan
| Laksupathi
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
| rowspan="2" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards|Tamil Nadu State Television Awards for 2012]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/61100/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Tamilnadu-government-announced-tv-awards.htm| title=Chinna thirai Television News/Tamilnadu Government Announced TV Awards| publisher=[[Dinamalar]]| date=16 July 2017 | access-date=15 December 2014}}</ref>
| Best Serial
| Uthiripookal
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Actor
| [[Chetan (actor)|Chetan]]
| Shivanesh
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2017
| rowspan="3" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards|Tamil Nadu State Television Awards for 2013]]
| Best Editor
| V. Karthik
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Music Director
| Elakkaiyan
|
| {{Won}}
|-
| Best Director
| E. Vikkiramaathithan
|
| {{Won}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt12153954}}

{{Sun TV shows}}

[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2011 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Khwairakpam Raghumani Singh

2026-03-07T14:38:09Z

ClayAcosta:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[ Manipur Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Khwairakpam Raghumani Singh''' (born 1962)<ref name=":1" /> is an Indian politician from [[Manipur]]. He is an MLA from [[Uripok Assembly constituency]] in [[Imphal West district|Imphal West District]]. He won the [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]], representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uripok Election Result 2022 LIVE Updates: Khwairakpam Raghumani Singh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/uripok-election-result-2022-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-4855019.html |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Uripok Election Result 2022 LIVE: BJPs' Khwairakpam R Singh defeats Naga Peoples Front's Yumnam J Singh - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/uripok-election-result-2022-live-how-to-check-uripok-legislative-assembly-election-vidhan-sabha-winners-losers-vote-margin-news-updates-12566822.htm |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref> He was formerly in the [[Indian Administrative Service]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-04-24 |title=Manipur: Another BJP MLA resigns from administrative post, fourth in April |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/manipur-another-bjp-mla-resigns-from-administrative-post-fourth-in-april/article66773027.ece |access-date=2024-11-03 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Uripok]] Kabrabam Leikai, Lamphel tehsil, Imphal West District, Manipur. He is the son of late Khwairakpam Tompokmacha Singh. He completed his bachelor's degree in Engineering in Agriculture in 1984 at [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]]. He married, Momtaz Thingujam, a Senior Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department of [[Manipur University]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Khwairakpam Raghumani Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- Uripok (Imphal West) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=79 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> They have two children, Thajana Devi Khwairakpam and Lincoln Khwairakpam.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Before the oath commissioner (judicial), manipur at Imphal Affidavit | url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/10/KHWAIRAKPAM%20RAGHUMANI%20SINGH.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217110634/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/10/KHWAIRAKPAM%20RAGHUMANI%20SINGH.pdf | archive-date=2022-02-17}}</ref>

== Career ==
Singh won from Uripok Assembly constituency representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election. He polled 8,335 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Yumnam Joykumar Singh]] of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]], by a margin of 909 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-09 |title=Uripok (Manipur) Assembly Election Results 2022 Live: Winner, Runner-up |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/uripok-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-7809986/ |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Uripok, Manipur Assembly Election Results 2022 LIVE Updates: BJP's Khwairakpam Raghumani Singh defeats INC's Nunglepam Mahananda Singh with 5284 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/uripok-manipur-assembly-election-results-2022-live-updates-1923442-2022-03-09 |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> He is a retired IAS officer and he resigned his post as the chairman of the Manipur Renewable Energy Development Agency in April 2023. He is the fourth officer to resign from an administrative post in a month.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Khwairakpam Raghumani}}
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Manipur]]
[[Category:People from Imphal West district]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2022–2027]]

Thisai Maariya Paravaigal

2026-03-04T04:47:01Z

ClayAcosta: New New Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Thisai Maariya Paravaigal poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = S. Jagadeesan
| screenplay = P. L. Sundararajan
| story = S. Jagadeesan
| producer = [[P. S. Veerappa]] P. S. V. Hari Haran
| starring = [[Sarath Babu]] [[Sumalatha]]
| cinematography = N. Balakrishnan<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=11 November 1979 |title=திசை மாறிய பறவைகள் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/nov/11-11-1979/p54.jpg |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=Ta |page=54 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728095320/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/nov/11-11-1979/p54.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref>
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = P. S. V. Pictures
| released = {{film date|df=y|1979|10|19}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Thisai Maariya Paravaigal''''' ({{translation|The Birds that Changed Direction}}) is a 1979 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]], directed by S. Jagadeesan who also wrote the story. It was produced by [[P. S. Veerappa]] and P. S. V. Hariharan under his productions P. S. V. Pictures. The film stars [[Sarath Babu]] and [[Sumalatha]], in her debut film appearance. It was released on 19 October 1979,<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 1979 |title=திசை மாறிய பறவைகள் |url=https://eap.bl.uk/archive-file/EAP372-6-23-4-3 |access-date=23 May 2024 |work=Anna |pages=6 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref> and won three [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]].

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=March 2023}}
A [[harijan]] girl is brought up by a high-cast [[Brahmin]] in the [[agraharam]], and the family is faced with antagonism and hatred. The girl's marriage to a Brahmin boy is thwarted, and out of frustration, she joins a nunnery.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Sarath Babu]]
* [[Sumalatha]]
* [[Major Sundarrajan]]
* [[V. S. Raghavan]]
* [[M. N. Rajam]]
* T. V. Kumudhini
*[[G. Srinivasan (actor)|G. Srinivasan]]
* Veera Raghavan
* [[P. S. Veerappa]]
*[[Usilai Mani]]
*[[Vellai Subbaiah]]
* Thyagaraj
* Desikan
* P. P. Subbaiah
* Leela
* Rooba Mohan
* MLA Thangaraj
}}

== Production ==
''Thisai Maariya Paravaigal'' is Sumalatha's feature film debut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2016 |title=திரை மாறிய சுமலதா! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/specials/cinemaexpress/2016/feb/26/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-1284645.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728095159/https://www.dinamani.com/specials/cinemaexpress/2016/feb/26/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-1284645.html |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref> It was shot in [[Gobichettipalayam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Gobichettipalayam – a 'paradise' for cinema directors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/gobichettipalayam-a-paradise-for-cinema-directors/articleshow/63193200.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714173507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/gobichettipalayam-a-paradise-for-cinema-directors/articleshow/63193200.cms |archive-date=14 July 2018 |access-date=15 March 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 1979 |title=Thisai Maariya Paravaigal – EP by M. S. Viswanathan |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/thisai-maariya-paravaigal-ep/1531166547 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004064420/https://music.apple.com/in/album/thisai-maariya-paravaigal-ep/1531166547 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |access-date=15 March 2023 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thisai Mariya Paravaigal Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by MS Viswanathan |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/thisai-mariya-paravaigal-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ms-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003085048/https://macsendisk.com/product/thisai-mariya-paravaigal-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-ms-viswanathan/ |archive-date=3 October 2021 |access-date=3 October 2021 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref> The song "Raja Vaada Singakutti" is based on [[Varali|Kuntalavarali]] raga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 June 2013 |title=The tale of two varalis |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-tale-of-two-varalis/article4838745.ece |url-status=live |access-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831045017/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/the-tale-of-two-varalis/article4838745.ece |archive-date=31 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sundararaman |title=Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music |publisher=Pichhamal Chintamani |year=2007 |edition=2nd |pages=156 |oclc=295034757 |orig-date=2005}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Songs !! Singer !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Adraa Melatha Rajaa" || Kovai Soundararajan & [[L. R. Eswari]] || [[Pulamaipithan]] || 04:37
|-
| "Kizhakku Paravai Merkil" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || rowspan="3" | [[Kannadasan]] || 05:02
|-
| "Raja Vaada Singakutti" || [[S. Janaki]], [[P. Jayachandran]] || 04:13
|-
| "Neeradi Pattuduthi" || [[Vani Jairam]]|| 04:32
|}

== Reception ==
Kausikan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised Jagadeesan's story and direction, the performances of cast, Balakrishnan's cinematography and Viswanathan's music.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=கௌசிகன் |date=4 November 1979 |title=திசை மாறிய பறவைகள் |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1979-11-04/kalki1979-11-04.pdf |access-date=10 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–62 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] for [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film (Second Prize)]], [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Story Writer|Best Story Writer]] (Jagadeesan), [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]] (T. M. Soundararajan),<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite book |last=Anandan |first=Film News |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |publisher=Sivagami Publications |year=2004 |pages=738 |language=ta |trans-title=Tamil Film History and Its Achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan}}</ref> and Devar's New Face Award (Sumalatha).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2019 |title=Sumalatha Ambareesh: Next guest on Weekend with Ramesh |url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/sumalatha-ambareesh-next-guest-on-weekend-with-ramesh-psols7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728095350/https://newsable.asianetnews.com/entertainment/sumalatha-ambareesh-next-guest-on-weekend-with-ramesh-psols7 |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=15 March 2023 |website=[[Asianet News]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:1979 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:1979 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films shot in Gobichettipalayam]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=May 2024}}

Sipaayi (2016 film)

2026-03-03T21:34:46Z

ClayAcosta: New A Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Sipaayi
| image = Sipaayi_poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Rajath Mayee
| producer = Siddharth Mahesh
| writer = Rajath Mayee Siddharth Mahesh
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Siddharth Mahesh
*[[Sruthi Hariharan]]
*[[Sanchari Vijay]]
[[Achyuth Kumar]]
}}
| music = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cinematography = Paramesh C M
| editing = Akshay P Rao
| studio = Orange Pixels
| released = {{Film date|2016|09}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Sipaayi''''' is a 2016 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[masala film]] written and directed by Rajath Mayee in his directorial debut.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Rajath-Mayee-on-Sipaayi/articleshow/54407192.cms|title=Rajath Mayee is ready for the release of Sipaayi - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024223840/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rajath-mayee-on-sipaayi/articleshow/54407192.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The film stars debutant Siddharth Mahesh (who also produced the film),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/One-mans-fight-for-the-good-of-society/articleshow/54460914.cms|title=One man's fight for the good of society - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105165251/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/one-mans-fight-for-the-good-of-society/articleshow/54460914.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sruthi Hariharan]] alongside [[Sanchari Vijay]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Bromance-on-set-of-Sipaayi/articleshow/53978370.cms|title=Get set for some bromance with Sipaayi - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=23 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023064842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/bromance-on-set-of-sipaayi/articleshow/53978370.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Achyuth Kumar]] in supporting roles.

==Premise==
Siddharth is a [[Journalist|news reporter]], whose aim is to fight against illegal trading activities in [[Bangalore]]. However, his plans are thwarted by a crime boss Virat, who, he along with his friends Divya and Manju, set out to expose and bring to justice.

==Cast==
* Sidharth Mahesh as Siddharth
* [[Sruthi Hariharan]] as Divya
* [[Sanchari Vijay]] as Manju
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Narasimharaju
* [[Gaurish Akki]] as Vishwanath
* Krishna Hebbale as Virat
* Bharath Singh as Abhay

==Production==
Rajath Mayee and Siddharth Mahesh met on the sets of ''[[Lucia (film)|Lucia]]'' as they both were coproducers of the film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sipaayi-team-met-on-set-of-Lucia/articleshow/53960845.cms|title=Sipaayi team met on the set of Lucia - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030044906/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sipaayi-team-met-on-set-of-lucia/articleshow/53960845.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Sruthi Hariharan, who starred in ''Lucia'', was cast in this film.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Why-did-Sruthi-do-Sipaayi/articleshow/54291808.cms|title=Sipaayi was a chance to work with a good friend - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 January 2017|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030033304/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Why-did-Sruthi-do-Sipaayi/articleshow/54291808.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/Sruthi-Hariharans-next-Sipaayi-deals-with-social-issues/articleshow/32546453.cms|title=Sruthi Hariharan's next Sipaayi deals with social issues - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=24 March 2014|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026143100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sruthi-hariharans-next-sipaayi-deals-with-social-issues/articleshow/32546453.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Production started on 19 May 2014. Completed shoot with the song shoot on 4 July 2015.

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sipaayi (Original Soundtrack)
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 20 May 2016
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack]]
| length = 22:20
| language = [[Kannada]]
| label = D Beats
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Kirik Party]]
| prev_year = 2016
| next_title = [[Sundaranga Jaana]]
| next_year = 2016
}}

[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath]] composed the soundtrack of ''Sipaayi''. The lyrics were written by [[Jayant Kaikini]], Hrudaya Shiva, [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]] and Bharath Venkataswamy. B. Ajaneesh Loknath, [[Nanditha]], [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Bobby CR and Udith Haritas lent their voices for the songs. Audio released on 20 May 2016.

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 22:20
| all_music =
| title1 = Muddu Pori
| extra1 = B. Ajaneesh Loknath
| lyrics1 = Bharath Venkataswamy
| length1 = 04:36
| title2 = Nee Nadiyagi
| extra2 = B. Ajaneesh Loknath, [[Nanditha]]
| length2 = 04:45
| lyrics2 = Bharath Venkataswamy
| title3 = Nanna Kanasina
| extra3 = [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]], B. Ajaneesh Loknath
| lyrics3 = [[Jayant Kaikini]]
| length3 = 04:32
| title4 = Kannalle Meetingu (Superru Jodi)
| extra4 = [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Bobby CR
| length4 = 04:17
| lyrics4 = [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]]
| title5 = Yaara Haneyali
| extra5 = Udith Haritas
| length5 = 04:10
| lyrics5 = Hrudaya Shiva
}}

== Reception ==
Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The filmmaker has tried his hand at narrating the subject in a non-linear manner. This is interesting, no doubt but the fact that he relies on the usual tropes of commercial cinema is what makes it tedius. While the maker has tried to be different with the screenplay, the commercial must haves like fights and songs slow down the narrative that should have kept one on the edge of the seat."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/sipaayi/movie-review/54479318.cms|title=Sipaayi Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Sipaayi by Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "The film is narrated so poorly that it is only in the second half that we even learn about what the lead character does in the film."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Sipaayi-Beating-up-the-bad-guys-is-the-only-goal/article14998871.ece|title=Sipaayi: Beating up the bad guys is the only goal|first=Archana|last=Nathan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 September 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=21 October 2020|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024054818/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/Sipaayi-Beating-up-the-bad-guys-is-the-only-goal/article14998871.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|6034076}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2016 action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by B. Ajaneesh Loknath]]

Mottu

2026-03-03T21:05:36Z

ClayAcosta: general corrected content after review and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mottu
| image =
| caption =
| director = Joy
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay =
| starring = [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]]
| music =
| cinematography = G. Kutty
| editing = G. Bhaskaran
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1985|7|7|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Mottu''''' is a 1985 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by Joy. The film stars [[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1785|title=Mottu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4790|title=Mottu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/motte-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022020254/http://spicyonion.com/title/motte-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 October 2014|title=Mottu|accessdate=2014-10-21|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Vijayaraghavan (actor)|Vijayaraghavan]] as Firoz
*[[Idavela Babu]] as Saju
*[[Manoj]]
*[[Priyatha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0275530|Motte}}

[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1985 Indian films]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Kara, Uttar Pradesh

2026-03-02T18:58:53Z

ClayAcosta: quick adjust content based on references and added references

{{short description|Town in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{one source|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kara
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = William Daniell - View Of The Right Bank Of The River Ganges, Near Currah, December 1788 AID175893.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of the right bank of the Ganges, near Currah, December 1788, by [[William Daniell]]
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25|42|N|81|21|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India#Divisions|Division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Uttar Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kaushambi district|Kaushambi]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Prayagraj division|Prayagraj]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 293620
| population_as_of = 2020<ref>{{cite web | title=Kara |website= GeoIQ | url=https://geoiq.io/places/Kara/auXBEZHHUs }}</ref>
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Kara''' is a township near [[Sirathu]] on the banks the [[Ganges]], {{convert|69|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the city of [[Prayagraj]] in [[Kaushambi district]] in Uttar Pradesh state in India. It was a regional capital for centuries under the [[Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Jaunpur Sultanate]]. It was part of medieval [[Kara-Manikpur]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Kara, Uttar Pradesh}}

{{Kaushambi district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kaushambi district]]

Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De?

2026-03-02T09:18:20Z

ClayAcosta: Updated article with clearer structure

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De...
| image = Ek Second - Jo Zindagi Badal De Movie Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Partho Ghosh]]
| producer = {{ubl|Rachna Sunil Singh|Agastyaa Singh}}
| writer = Amit Khan
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jackie Shroff]]|[[Manisha Koirala]]|[[Nikita Anand]]|[[Moammar Rana]]|[[Rozza Catalona]]}}
| music = {{ubl|Gulam Khan|Arvinder Singh|[[Anand Raj Anand]]|Sawann Donirya}}
| cinematography = {{ubl|Damodar Naidu|Kumud Verma}}
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2010|6|11}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}}2.75 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=933|title=Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De? – Movie|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}44 lakh<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Ek Second ... Jo Zindagi Badal De ... ''''' ({{Translation|One second that can change your life}}) is a 2010 Bollywood [[drama film]], directed by [[Partho Ghosh]] featuring veteran Bollywood actors [[Jackie Shroff]] and [[Manisha Koirala]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/13861/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516072648/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/13861/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 May 2008|title=Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De?: Complete cast and crew details |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=2009-07-02}}</ref> The film also stars Pakistani actor, [[Moammar Rana]], [[Nikita Anand]] and Rozza Catalona.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/movies/Ek-Second-Jo-Zindagi-Badal-De/details-10399.html |title=Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De?: Movie cast and crew |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |accessdate=2009-07-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615174150/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/movies/Ek-Second-Jo-Zindagi-Badal-De/details-10399.html |archivedate=15 June 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> This film is inspired by the 1998 British-American [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Comedy drama|comedy-drama film]] ''[[Sliding Doors]]''.

The film is Saroj Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.'s first home production.

==Plot==
There is a proverb that says that whatever is written in one's destiny in some way or another actually happens. But if we fight against it and make the incident happen in a different way, then what? This film follows Rashi ([[Manisha Koirala]]), a woman who doesn't know what her destiny has written for her. One day she gets fired from her job and is now ready to leave on the next train, but in that one second that she has to decide whether to take the train or not to, she chooses not to. From then on, the film follows.

==Cast==
*[[Jackie Shroff]] as Yuvraaj Sanghi
*[[Manisha Koirala]] as Raashi
*[[Moammar Rana]] as Shantanu Roy
*[[Nikita Anand]] as Tamanna
*Rozza Catalona as Rozza

==Soundtrack==
*"Hota Hai Har Faisala Ek Second Mein" - sung by [[Adnan Sami]] with female background vocals and English lyrics penned and sung by Shashika Mooruth.
*"Hota Hai Har Faisala Ek Second Mein" - Remix sung by Adnan Sami with female background vocals and English lyrics penned and sung by Shashika Mooruth.
*"Kyon Maang Yeh Khali Hai" — [[Alka Yagnik]] and [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
*"Roza Roza" – [[Alisha Chinai]] and [[Aadesh Shrivastava]]

== Reception ==
<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ek-second-jo-zindagi-badal-de/movie-review/6037599.cms]</ref><ref>[https://www.movietalkies.com/movies-reviews/ek-second-jo-zindagi-badal-de-no-seconding-it/]</ref><ref>[https://www.koimoi.com/reviews/komal-nahtas-review-ek-second-jo-zindagi-badal-de/]</ref><ref>[https://www.mouthshut.com/review/ek-second-jo-zindagi-badal-de-review-nlssnspoum]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1629260|Ek Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De?}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Second... Jo Zindagi Badal De}}
[[Category:2010 Indian films]]
[[Category:2010 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2010s fantasy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2010s romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand Raj Anand]]
[[Category:Films directed by Partho Ghosh]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of English films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of British films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Yug (TV series)

2026-02-26T17:21:13Z

ClayAcosta: New Stub

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre =
| creator =
| writer =
| director = Sunil Agnihotri
| starring = [[#Cast|see below]]
| open_theme = "Yug Badla, Badla Hindustan"
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 610<ref name=Tribune/>
| producer = [[Mona Shourie Kapoor]]
| editor =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime =
| network = [[DD National]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|1996|09|11|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|1997|11|13|df=yes}}
}}
'''''Yug''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television series that was telecast on [[DD National]] from September 1996 to November 1997.<ref name=Tribune>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020129/ldh2.htm#4| title='Yug' to be telecast in Punjabi|newspaper=The Tribune |date=29 January 2002|access-date=19 November 2012|quote=A Mega-serial "Yug" which was telecast from 1996 to 1997 and had famous film and television actors and actresses in key roles will be telecast from Jalandhar Doordarshan again}}</ref>

''Yug'' was a fictional series depicting the story of [[Indian freedom fighters]] and their struggle to win freedom for India. The series was produced and directed by [[Sunil Agnihotri]] and had notable actors such as [[Hema Malini]], [[Ashwini Bhave]], [[Pankaj Dheer]], [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]], [[Mukesh Khanna]], Vinod Kapoor, [[Javed Khan (actor)|Javed Khan]], [[Sudesh Berry]] and [[Abhimanyu Singh]].

==Plot==
Nirmala is the eldest daughter of Rai Bahadur Dina Nath. Mother of Nirmala and Rukmani nourish the dream of putting an end to the tyranny of the foreign rulers of the country. The rulers have adopted clandestine designs of divide and rule, virtually divided the entire society into privileged (favorites of the rulers) and under privileged (poor and ignored). Nirmala's father, Dina Nath, belongs to this elite privileged lot having been groomed thoroughly pro-British. Nirmala decides to devote her prime youth for the struggle to end this injustice to Indians and follows Gandhi's ideology. Her younger sister Rukmani is a revolutionary and is an ardent follower of Netaji Subash Chander Bose's ideas of action to achieve fundamental rights to end slavery. Both the sisters strive secretly for a common goal in different ways.

Rukmani meets Ali Khan who is a revolutionary and in police custody. She rescues him in a well planned daring encounter with police while Ali Khan was being secretly shifted from one jail to another. This feat earned her a great respect and trust to become an important member of the revolutionary party. Ranjit Basu of Bengal is a pivotal force who circumvents the powerful British intelligence and further manipulates the gathered information to the advantage of the revolutionary party. He uses his influences to motivate the common people to join in the struggle to end the rule of tyranny.

On the intellectual side there are two contrasting lawyers;

Darshan Lal who has studied law in England and opted to sacrifice a promising future for the freedom of his motherland. He was deported to Kala Pani (an isolated jail in an island in the Bay of Bengal) and could manage to jump from the ship.

Advocate P.C Das a prominent and charismatic ace lawyer who fights fiercely for the rights of his clients, religion no bound. He is known to be generous and fair and hold an unwavering fervour for his country and countrymen.

Further, The tiger of Punjab, Kartar Singh represented the strong nationalistic emotions of brave Punjabis. All sorts of tortures tried on him in Kala Pani could not deter him from pursuing the ultimate goal of freedom from slavery of India. His determination served as a role model to all the revolutionaries. He meticulously planned the elimination of the obstacles and always considered all the British as his enemy number one. He was ably helped in his missions by his capable dedicated daughter Vidya.

Sarojini Sen a socialite of Bengal who moves in high circles of British Government is a sympathizer of the movement and becomes very handy for small favors from government officials.

A British Superintendent of Police Peter Gomes is a terror. Being Anglo Indian, he considers himself British. He is cruel toward freedom fighters. He is loyal to the British Raj.

A notorious dacoit Bhima ruled an area with terror of his gun, accidentally meets revolutionary Veeru who gradually prevailed upon him to channel his might towards the life giving stream – freedom, rather than his present profession of killing the innocent countrymen. He subsequently became a firebrand revolutionary.

The dedicated untiring efforts of the above few brave heroes along with the participation of thousands of countrymen directly and indirectly could put an end to colonialism.

==Cast==

* [[Hema Malini]] as Nirmala<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000227/spectrum/tv.htm | title=The essence of a Yug | access-date=20 November 2012 |date=27 February 2000 |newspaper=The Tribune}}</ref>
* [[Ashwini Bhave]] as Rukmani<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/C897D569F53CE5A965256940004E8839 | title=There's more under the veneer | newspaper=[[The Asian Age]] | date=28 April 1997 | author=Srinivasa, Kavitha | access-date=20 November 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Pankaj Dheer]] as Ali Khan
* [[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] / [[Sudesh Berry]] as Virendra (Veeru) Singh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realbollywood.com/2008/06/shahbaz-khan-tv.html |title=Back in 1990, there was creativity in TV: Shahbaz Khan |author=Rahul Kapoor |date=10 June 2008 |access-date=20 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/larger-than-life/472659/0 | title=Larger than Life | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | access-date=20 November 2012 |author= Kapoor, Jaskiran |date=7 Jun 2009}}</ref>
* [[Mukesh Khanna]] as Darshan Lal<ref>{{cite news|author=Rajendran, Girija|date=7 November 1997|title=Intrinsic acting calibre|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/essays.nsf/(docid)/63345839EE708C106525693F00387C75|access-date=20 November 2012}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Vindu Dara Singh]] as Bheema Daaku
* [[Arjun (Firoz Khan)|Arjun]] as Peter Gomes 'The Killer'
* [[Javed Khan (actor)|Javed Khan]] as Advocate P.C. Das
* [[Vinod Kapoor]] as Ranjit Basu
* [[Reena Wadhwa]] as Ratna / Nirmala's daughter in episode 1
* [[Dara Singh]] as Kartar Singh
* [[Nimai Bali]] as Hazaari
* [[Deepraj Rana]] as Deva
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as Hasrat Nurani
* Sunil Bob Gadhawali as Hamilton
* Brownie Parashar as John Dorno
* [[Priya Tendulkar]] as Suhasini Journalist<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k2/sep/sep86.htm | title=Priya Tendulkar passes away | access-date=20 November 2012 |date=19 September 2002}}</ref>
* [[Shikha Swaroop]] as Professor Anjali <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/princess-returns/article2091787.ece?textsize=large&test=1 |title=Princess returns |date=10 June 2011 |access-date=20 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |author=Maheshwari, Dhairya}}</ref>
* [[Abhimanyu Singh]] as Commissioner Sahib
* [[Neena Gupta]] as Lady Lawyer
* [[Mamik Singh]] as Arjun Singh
* [[Asrani]] as Jailor
* [[Fateh Khan]] as Anwar Fateh Haan
* [[Pradeep Rawat (actor)|Pradeep Rawat]] as Marshal
* Anil Nagrath as Thakur
* [[Shehzad Khan]] as Thakur Vikram Singh
* [[Tom Alter]] as [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad]]
* Saurabh Dubey as [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]
* [[Prabha Sinha]]
* [[Aashish Kaul]]
* [[Pramod Kapoor]]
* [[Tarun Shukla]]
* [[Dinesh Ojha]]
* [[Devdutt]]
* [[Santosh Gupta (actor)|Santosh Gupta]]
* [[Anil Tyagi]]
* [[Madhu Bharti]]
* [[Adi Irani]]
* [[R.S.Chopra]]
* [[Suresh Chatwal]]
* [[Ashok Banthiya]]
* Krutika Desai as Vidya
* [[Kiran Juneja]] as Durga
* [[Sonu Walia]] as British Girl
* Seema Kapoor as Krantikar
* [[Durga Jasraj]] as Sikh Girl (Krantikari)
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Sakina: Ali Khan's sister
* [[Kalpana Iyer]] as Sarojini Sen
* Asha Sharma as Rukmini and Nirmala's mother
* [[Amita Nangia]] as Royal Family
* [[Neelam Mehra]] as Beg. Nafiza
* [[Kamia Malhotra]] as Nazima
* Fatima Sheikh as Gandhian
* [[Sulabha Deshpande]] as Mad Revolutionary Villager
* [[Deepak Parashar]] as Gandhian Amar Singh
* [[Deep Dhillon]] as SP of Cobra
* [[Mangal Dhillon]] as Raja Thakur
* [[AK Hangal]] as Gandhian Leader
* [[Ajit Vachani]] as D.M.
* [[Amit Behl]] as Jay Dutt (lawyer of coalmine worker)
* [[Arun Bali]] as Dina Nath Rai Bahadur
* [[Bharat Kapoor]] as Congress leader
* [[Brahamchari]] as Doctor supporter of freedom fighter
* [[Gajendra Chauhan]] as District Magistrate
* [[Girja Shankar]] as Goverdhan Chaturvedi (Krantikari)
* [[Mohan Kapur]] as Tejpal (supporter of Subhash Chandra Bose)
* Dipesh Shah as Bapu-Mahatma Gandhi
* Anand Balraj as Andy Gomes
* [[Goga Kapoor]] as Governor
* [[Paintal (comedian)|Paintal]] as British owner of coal mines
* [[Prithavi]] as Viceroy
* [[Rajeev Verma]] as Krishna Kant Sahay (Congress leader)
* [[Raj Kiran (actor)|Raj Kiran]] as Maulana Nausar Ali (Congress leader)
* [[Raza Murad]] as Khalil Rahman (Lawyers of Netaji)
* [[Sudhir Mittoo]] as Commander Burton
* [[Sudhir Dalvi]] as Masterjee (Gandhian)
* [[Vijayendra Ghatge]] as Raja Rajendra Singh
* [[Nathan Amondson]] as Major Roberts

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3837208}}

[[Category:1996 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:DD National original programming]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:1998 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television series set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Television shows set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]

Green Boots

2026-02-18T15:53:35Z

ClayAcosta: expanded page for clarity per standard format

{{short description|Unidentified deceased mountain climber}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
[[File:Green_Boots.jpg|300px|thumb|'Green Boots' on Everest taken May 2010]]
'''Green Boots''' is the body of an unidentified climber that became a landmark on the main Northeast ridge route of [[Mount Everest]].<ref>{{cite news|work=BBC Future|author=Nuwer, Rachel|authorlink=Rachel Nuwer|date=8 October 2015|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151008-the-tragic-story-of-mt-everests-most-famous-dead-body|title=The tragic tale of Mt Everest's most famous dead body|access-date=11 October 2015|archive-date=31 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231014020/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151008-the-tragic-story-of-mt-everests-most-famous-dead-body|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q6Y_AAAAIBAJ&pg=1200,2723423&dq=green-boots+everest&hl=en | title = Everest's Trail of Corpses | work = The Victoria Advocate | date = 20 May 2007 | first = Tim | last = Johnson | access-date = 28 November 2020 | archive-date = 28 August 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230828062523/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Q6Y_AAAAIBAJ&pg=1200,2723423&dq=green-boots+everest&hl=en | url-status = live }}</ref> There exist several theories regarding the body's identity; the most popular one claims the body belongs to '''Tsewang Paljor''', an Indian member of the [[1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition to Mount Everest|Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition]] (ITBP) who died as part of the [[1996 Mount Everest disaster|1996 climbing disaster]] on the mountain wearing green Koflach [[mountaineering boot]]s. All expeditions from the north side encountered the body curled in the limestone alcove cave at {{convert|8500|m|abbr=on}} until it was moved in 2014.<ref name=Arnette/><ref name="Nuwer"/>

==History==
[[File:North face marked.png|300px|thumb|The [[Three Steps]] on the north route is marked alongside the cave which is marked with a †2.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}}]]
The first recorded video footage of Green Boots was filmed by British filmmaker and climber [[Matt Dickinson]] in May 1996. The footage was included in the [[Brian Blessed]] documentary ''Summit Fever''. The film's narration describes the unidentified climber as from India.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Herq3YwfbI |title=Summit Fever (1996) Brian Blessed Everest Documentary |date=2018-07-05 |last=snowymatrix thru-walker |access-date=2024-06-21 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Over time, the corpse became known as a landmark on the north route.<ref>{{cite news |last=Quinlan |first=Mark |date=25 May 2012 |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/reclaiming-the-dead-on-mt-everest-1.1206082 |title=Reclaiming the dead on Mt. Everest |publisher=CBC News |access-date=31 December 2015 |archive-date=23 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723124824/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/reclaiming-the-dead-on-mt-everest-1.1206082 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2006, British mountaineer [[David Sharp (mountaineer)|David Sharp]] was found in a [[hypothermic]] state in Green Boots' Cave by climber [[Mark Inglis]] and his party. Inglis continued his ascent after radioing for advice on how to help Sharp, which he could not provide. Sharp died of extreme cold some hours later. Approximately three dozen other climbers would have passed by the dying man that day; it has been suggested that those who noticed him mistook Sharp for Green Boots and, therefore, paid little attention.<ref name="Smithsonian" /><ref name="Sharp">{{cite news |last1=Breed |first1=Allen G. |last2=Gurubacharya |first2=Binaj |date=18 July 2006 |title=Part II: Near top of Everest, he waves off fellow climbers: 'I just want to sleep' |url=http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=305837&rel_no=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424133320/http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=305837&rel_no=1 |archive-date=24 April 2014 |access-date=27 October 2012 |work=Oh My News}}</ref>

In 2014, Green Boots was moved to a less conspicuous location by members of a Chinese expedition—likely by the [[China Tibet Mountaineering Association]], which manages the north side of Everest.<ref name="Arnette">{{cite web |author1=Alan Arnette |title=What's Being Done About Trash (and Bodies) on Everest This Year |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/everest-dead-bodies-trash-removal/ |website=Outside Online |date=23 April 2019 |access-date=25 May 2022 |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828062529/https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/everest-dead-bodies-trash-removal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nuwer">{{cite news|last=Nuwer|first=Rachel|authorlink=Rachel Nuwer|date=9 October 2015|title=Death in the clouds: The problem with Everest's 200+ bodies|work=BBC Future|url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703160700/http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151008-the-graveyard-in-the-clouds-everests-200-dead-bodies|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Possible identities==
===Tsewang Paljor===
Eight climbers died in the [[1996 Mount Everest disaster|Everest disaster of 1996]]: five climbers from the [[Adventure Consultants]] and [[Mountain Madness]] expeditions on the southeast route, and three fatalities among the [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] (ITBP) [[1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition to Mount Everest|expedition from India]] who perished on the northeast route.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-22|title=homage to heroes|url=http://itbpolice.nic.in/magal.htm|access-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722011058/http://itbpolice.nic.in/magal.htm|archive-date=22 July 2011}}</ref> Green Boots is commonly believed to be Indian ITBP climber Tsewang Paljor,<ref>{{Cite news|first=Ed |last=Douglas |title=Over the Top |date=15 August 2006 |work=Outside Magazine |url=http://outsideonline.com/outside/destinations/200609/mount-everest-climbing-ethics-1.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100912163732/http://outsideonline.com/outside/destinations/200609/mount-everest-climbing-ethics-1.html |archivedate=12 September 2010}}</ref> who was wearing green [[Koflach]] boots on the day he and two others in his party attempted to summit. The ITBP was led by [[Commandant]] Mohinder Singh and was the first Indian ascent of Everest from the east side.<ref>{{Cite book| last =Singh | first =Mohinder | title =Everest: The First Indian Ascent from North | publisher =Indian Publishers Distributors | year = 2003 | isbn= 978-81-7341-276-9 }}</ref>

On 10 May 1996, [[Subedar]] Tsewang Smanla, [[Lance Naik]] Dorje Morup, and [[Head constable|Head Constable]] Tsewang Paljor were caught in a blizzard just short of the summit. While three of the six-member team turned back down, Smanla, Morup, and Paljor decided to go for the summit.<ref>{{Cite book| last =Krakauer | first =Jon | title =Into Thin Air | publisher =Anchor Books | year =1997 | isbn=978-03-8549-208-9 | title-link =Into Thin Air }}</ref> At around 15:45 [[Nepal Time]], the three climbers radioed to their expedition leader that they had arrived at the top. They left an offering of [[prayer flags]], [[khata]]s, and [[piton]]s. Here, the leader, Smanla, decided to spend extra time on religious ceremonies and instructed the other two to move down.

There was no radio contact after that. Back at the camps below, team members saw two headlamps moving slightly above the [[Three Steps|Second Step]], at {{convert|8570|m|ft|0}}. None of the three returned to high camp at {{convert|8300|m|ft|0}}.

Controversy later arose over whether or not a team of Japanese climbers from [[Fukuoka]] had seen and potentially failed to assist the missing Indian climbers. The group had left their camp at {{convert|8300|m|ft|0}} at 06:15 Beijing time on 11 May, reaching the summit at 15:07. Along the way, they encountered others on the trail. Unaware of the missing Indians, they believed these others, all wearing goggles and oxygen masks under their hoods, were members of a climbing party from Taiwan. During their descent, which began at 15:30, they reported seeing an unidentifiable object above the [[Three Steps|Second Step]]. Below the First Step, they radioed in to report seeing one person on a fixed rope. Thereafter, one of the climbers, Shigekawa, exchanged greetings with an unidentifiable man standing nearby. At that time, they had only enough oxygen to return to C6.

At 16:00, the Fukuoka party discovered from an Indian in their group that three men were missing.<ref name="uiaa"/> They offered to join the rescue but were declined. Forced to wait a day due to bad weather, they sent a second party to the summit on 13 May. They saw several bodies around the First Step but continued to the summit.

Initially, there were some misunderstandings and harsh words regarding the actions of the Fukuoka team, which were later clarified. According to [[Reuters]], the Indian expedition had claimed that the Japanese had pledged to help with the search but had pressed forward with their summit attempt.<ref>{{Cite news | title=India probes Everest deaths, questions Japanese team | publisher=Reuters | url =http://outside.away.com/peaks/japan.html |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201024/http://outside.away.com/peaks/japan.html |archivedate = 27 September 2007}}</ref> The Japanese team denied that they had abandoned or refused to help the dying climbers on the way up, a claim that the Indian-Tibetan Border Police accepted.<ref name="uiaa">{{Cite news| first=Hiroo| last=Saso| title=Misunderstandings Beyond the North Ridge| publisher=International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation| url=http://www.uiaa.ch/article.aspx?c=226&a=120| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050224103225/http://www.uiaa.ch/article.aspx?c=226&a=120|archivedate=24 February 2005}}</ref> Captain Kohli, an official of the Indian Mountaineering Federation, who earlier had denounced the Japanese, later retracted his claim that the Japanese had reported meeting the Indians on 10 May.

===Dorje Morup===
A lesser known theory, first proposed in a 1997 article titled "The Indian Ascent of Qomolungma by the North Ridge" published by P.M. Das in the ''[[Himalayan Journal]],'' states that the body was that of Lance Naik '''Dorje Morup'''. Das wrote that two climbers had been spotted descending by the light of their head-torches at 19:30, although they were soon lost from sight.<ref name=Himalayan>{{Cite journal | first=P. M. | last=Das | title=The Indian Ascent of Qomolungma by the North Ridge | year=1997 | journal=Himalayan Journal | url=https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/53/7/the-indian-ascent-of-qomolungma-by-the-north-ridge/ | volume=53 | access-date=16 August 2015 | archive-date=1 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005018/https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/53/7/the-indian-ascent-of-qomolungma-by-the-north-ridge/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The next day the leader of the second summit group of the expedition radioed base camp that they had encountered Morup moving slowly between the [[Three Steps|First and Second Steps]]. Das wrote that Morup "had refused to put on gloves over his frost-bitten hands" and "was finding difficulty in unclipping his safety carabiner at anchor points."<ref name=Himalayan/> According to Das, the Japanese team assisted in transitioning him to the next stretch of rope.

Sometime later, the Japanese group discovered the body of Tsewang Smanla above the Second Step. On the return trip, the group found that Morup was progressing slowly. Morup is believed to have died in the late afternoon of 11 May.

A second ITBP group also came across the bodies of Smanla and Morup on their return from the summit. Das wrote that they encountered Morup "lying under the shelter of a boulder near their line of descent, close to Camp 6" with intact clothing and his rucksack by his side.<ref name=Himalayan/>

==Green Boots in perspective==
Green Boots is among the roughly 200 [[Cadaver|corpses]] remaining on Everest by the early 21st century.<ref name=Smithsonian>{{cite news |last=Nuwer |first=Rachel |authorlink=Rachel Nuwer |url=http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2012/11/there-are-over-200-bodies-on-mount-everest-and-theyre-used-as-landmarks/ |title=There Are Over 200 Bodies on Mount Everest, And They're Used as Landmarks |work=Smithsonian Magazine |date=28 November 2012 |access-date=11 August 2013 |archive-date=30 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130191240/http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2012/11/there-are-over-200-bodies-on-mount-everest-and-theyre-used-as-landmarks |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2007/05/16/16188/corpses-litter-the-death-zone.html | title = Corpses litter the 'death zone' near Everest's summit, frozen for eternity | first = Tim | last = Johnson | work = McClatchy Newspapers | date = 7 June 2007 | access-date = 26 June 2014 | archive-date = 1 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150501221227/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2007/05/16/16188/corpses-litter-the-death-zone.html | url-status = live }}</ref> It is unknown when the term "Green Boots" entered Everest parlance. Over the years, it became a common term, as all the expeditions from the north side encountered the climber's body curled up in the limestone alcove cave. The cave is at {{cvt|27890|ft}} and is littered with oxygen bottles. It is below the first step on the path.

Another fallen climber who earned a nickname, "Sleeping Beauty", is [[Francys Arsentiev]], who died in 1998 during an unsuccessful descent from Everest after summiting. Her body remained where she fell and was visible until 2007 when it was ceremonially hidden from view.<ref name=Nuwer/>

Additional bodies are in "[[Rainbow Valley (Everest)|Rainbow Valley]]", an area below the summit strewn with corpses wearing brightly colored mountaineering apparel.<ref>{{cite web |last=Parker |first=Alan |date=24 May 2012 |url=http://www.macleans.ca/society/life/everest-the-open-graveyard-waiting-above/ |title=Everest: 'The open graveyard waiting above' |website=Maclean's |access-date=31 December 2015 |archive-date=28 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828062528/https://macleans.ca/society/life/everest-the-open-graveyard-waiting-above/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Yet another named corpse is that of [[Hannelore Schmatz]], who, with a prominent position on the south route, earned the moniker "the German woman"; she summited in 1979 but died at {{convert|8,200|m|ft}} altitude during her descent.<ref name=dwhelga>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.dw.com/abenteuersport/helga-hengge-everest-english/ |title=Helga's Everest nightmare |website=Abenteuer Sport |publisher=DW |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=3 January 2016 |archive-date=12 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612025357/http://blogs.dw.com/abenteuersport/helga-hengge-everest-english/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She remained there for many years but was eventually blown further down the mountain.<ref name=dwhelga/>

==See also==
*[[1996 Indo-Tibetan Border Police expedition to Mount Everest]]
*[[List of people who died climbing Mount Everest]]
*[[Death zone]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|N-nh4smWbTA|Footage of Green Boots}}. Shot starts around 45-second mark.

{{Mount Everest}}
{{Mount Everest96d}}

{{coord missing|Nepal}}

[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Men in India]]
[[Category:Deaths on Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Mummies]]
[[Category:Unidentified decedents]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Mountaineering deaths in China]]

Rahul Nath

2026-02-10T19:50:10Z

ClayAcosta: brief expand citations additionally and added references

{{Short description|Actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rahul Nath
| image = Rahul Nath in 2017.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Rahul Nath Mahant
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor, writer, dancer/choreographer and director
| years_active = 2002-present
| known_for = [[Happy Ending (2014 film)|''Happy Ending'']], [[Faraar (2015 film)|''Faraar'']]
| notable_works =
}}

'''Rahul Nath''' (born Rahul Nath Mahant) is an American/British Indian actor, writer, dancer/choreographer and director who is best known for his role in the [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|Happy Ending]]'' (2014),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapost.com/happy-ending-for-rahul/|title='Happy Ending' for Rahul|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbanasian.com/bollywood/2014/12/who-exactly-is-gary-from-happy-ending/|title=Who Exactly is Gary from 'Happy Ending'?|work=UrbanAsian}}</ref> the [[Punjabi cinema|Pollywood]] film ''[[Faraar (2015 film)|Faraar]]'' (2015) and for his recurring role on the [[Netflix]] show [[Space Force (TV series)|''Space Force'']].

==Early life==
Nath was brought up in both India and the UK. As a result of his time in India, he can converse in [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]] and [[Punjabi language]] and has an understanding of [[Tamil language]] and [[Telugu language]]. In his time in the UK he attended the [[Guy's Hospital|Guy's Hospital School of Dentistry]], where he obtained his degree in dental surgery before pursuing a career in acting. He currently lives in Los Angeles.

==Career==
Nath has appeared in TV shows and off West End Theatre plays that gathered him a lot attention for his ability to transform his [[Human body|body]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ealingtimes.co.uk/yoursay/blogs/rahulnath/3963794.MAKE_A_VISIT_/|title=MAKE A VISIT|work=Ealing Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ealingtimes.co.uk/yoursay/blogs/readerblogs/3963852.NO_NEED_TO_SIT_SEPARATE/|title=NO NEED TO SIT SEPARATE|work=Ealing Times}}</ref> 
He was seen in TV shows that aired on [[BBC]], [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] and [[Channel 4]].<ref name="backstage.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.backstage.com/advice-for-actors/dancers/bollywood-aerobics/|title=Bollywood Aerobics|work=Backstage.com}}</ref>

Nath has been in commercials for [[Jack in the Box]], [[Travelzoo]], [[Virgin America]] and [[State Farm Insurance]]. In the State Farm campaign, he was paired opposite [[NBA]] superstar [[Chris Paul]] for a series of commercials titled 'The Power of an Assist'.

In 2011, he turned director presenting reality based subjects that were focused around the [[South Asian]] community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasplash.com/publish/Film_106/Rahul_Nath_Interview.php|title=Rahul Nath Interview – Actor and Director Debut in New Film|work=Splash Magazines – Los Angeles}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://westsidetoday.com/2010/10/20/foreign-subject-common-ground/|title=Foreign Subject, Common Ground|author=Archivist|work=westsidetoday.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayArticle.php?id=n083011091810|title=Rahul Nath's "Compromise" to Screen at South Asian Film Festival in Goa – Planet Bollywood News|publisher=}}</ref> His first release. ''Foreign'', starred [[Ananya Khare]]. He then released his second movie 'Compromise', but the response was mixed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/sordid-secrets-kept-under-wraps-in-compromise/article_effa7804-632c-5505-b7b6-1c1cfe7c45f1.html|title=Sordid Secrets Kept Under Wraps in 'Compromise'|work=India West}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rahul-Naths-next-tale-of-marital-abuse/articleshow/21302308.cms|title=Rahul Nath's next tale of marital abuse|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2025, Nath appeared in a national advertising campaign for [[GEICO]], portraying a fine dining waiter alongside the company's mascot, the Gecko. The campaign included television, online, and social media promotions and premiered during the [[2025 Emmy Awards]] broadcast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fine Dining Low-Key Big Deal GEICO Insurance |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GtGEB2PkB8c |website=[[GEICO|GEICO YouTube]] |access-date=17 October 2025}}</ref>

In 2014, he directed a feature movie, ''[[Khazana (2014 film)|Khazana]]'', that showcases the revenge that is carried out by a girl who suffers domestic abuse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/7971759.cms|title= Indian-born Hollywood actor Rahul Nath is quite gung ho about his forthcoming films – Glamour and Indian Traffic. "I have some very powerful roles in these two films and looking forward to their release," says he. --|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Spousal Abuse the Subject of Indian American Thriller 'Khazana'|url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/global/spousal-abuse-the-subject-of-indian-american-thriller-khazana/article_9a4fbdc2-5f91-11e4-b900-63cd20c9749a.html|website=India West|date=29 October 2014}}</ref> The film is now streaming on [[Amazon Prime]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Khazana on Amazon Prime |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Khazana-Ulka-Simone-Mohanty/dp/B01MUVENKK |website=[[Amazon Prime]] |accessdate=3 October 2020}}</ref>

In 2013 he was paired opposite [[Saif Ali Khan]] in the [[Illuminati Films]] production ''[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|Happy Ending]]'', where he had a supporting role. The movie was a disappointment at the box office, but Nath managed to gather attention and critical praise for his role and contribution to the movie. His next role was with [[Gippy Grewal]] as his younger brother in Gippy Grewal Productions ''[[Faraar (2015 film)#Cast|Faraar]]''. The film received a positive response at the box office.

Nath has been a part of the cast of ''[[Adam Ruins Everything]]'' and [[I'm Sorry (TV series)|''I'm Sorry'']], that air on the [[TruTV|truTV Network]]. In 2019, he joined the cast of a Netflix show [[Space Force (TV series)|''Space Force'']] opposite [[Steve Carell]] in a recurring role where he plays ''Dr Chandrasekhar''.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

===Dance===
He was given the award of 'Best Bollywood Dancer in Los Angeles" by ''[[Los Angeles (magazine)|LA Magazine]]'' in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/bolacolumn/best-dance-studios/|title=Best Dance Studios|author=Kari Mozena|date=1 September 2010|work=Los Angeles Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lamag.com/theseen/the-best-of-la/|title=The Best of LA|date=2 August 2013|work=Los Angeles Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-fitness-dance-idUSTRE7AK0N220111121|title=Dance fitness classes step up the cardio fun|author=Dorene Internicola|date=21 November 2011|work=Reuters}}</ref>

===Court Interpreting===
In addition to his work in entertainment, Nath is a registered and provisionally qualified court interpreter in [[San Bernardino County]], California. He provides court interpretation services in Hindi, Urdu, and Punjabi, and obtained his certification in early 2025. Nath performs his court interpreting work under his birth name, Rahul Nath Mahant, and continues to serve the [[San Bernardino County Superior Court|San Bernardino court district]] alongside his acting career.<ref>{{cite web |title=People of the State of California vs. Singh Sukhjunder |url=https://www.wboy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/04/People-of-California-v.s-Singh-Sukhjunder.pdf |website=[[WBOY-TV|Wboy]] |access-date=5 February 2026}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''Foreign'' (2011)
*''Compromise''
*''[[Khazana (2014 film)|Khazana]]'' (2014)
*[[Happy Ending (2014 film)|''Happy Ending'']] (2014) as Gary
*''[[Faraar (2015 film)|Faraar]]'' (2015)
*''[[Space Force (TV series)|Space Force]]'' (2019)

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|rahul-nath.com}}
*{{IMDb name|2991303}}
*[https://niknakpro.com/ Nik/Nak Productions]
*[https://rahulnathstore.com/ Rahul Nath Store]
*[https://rahulnathmahant.com/ Rahul Nath Mahant Interpreter]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nath, Rahul}}
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male dancers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]

Gnana Rajasekaran

2026-02-07T19:28:20Z

ClayAcosta: Creating post!

{{short description|Indian filmmaker}}
{{BLP sources|date=June 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gnana Rajasekaran
| image = GnanaRajasekaran.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1953|01|23}}
| birth_place = [[Pallikonda]], [[North Arcot|North Arcot district]], [[Madras State]] (now in [[Vellore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]), India
| resting_place =
| monuments =
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Filmmaker]]
| years_active =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for =
| style =
| height =
| children =
| parents =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
| notable works =
| spouse = Sakunthala Rajasekaran
| partner =
| relations =
| misc =
}}

'''Gnana Rajasekaran''' (born 23 January 1953) is an Indian [[filmmaker]], [[screenwriter]], [[playwright]] and Retired [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] Officer.<ref>{{Cite web | work=The Hindu | date=26 August 2006| title=The known and the unknown| author=R. Krishanmoorthy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219044354/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/08/26/stories/2006082600660400.htm | url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/08/26/stories/2006082600660400.htm | archive-date=2007-02-19}}</ref> His directional debut was ''[[Mogamul]]'' (1994) won the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]]. His other works include ''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]'' (2000), ''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]'' (2007) and [[Ramanujan (film)|''Ramanujan'']] (2014). As of 2014, Rajasekaran has won three [[National Film Awards]], three [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]. His films have been screened at international film festivals including the [[International Film Festival of India]].<ref>{{Cite web | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961222233122/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950624/03/2325a.html | title=Fine example of his craft | url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/950624/03/2325a.html | archive-date=1996-12-22}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gnana Rajasekaran<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/30inter.htm | title='Periyar was against Brahminism, not Brahmins' | date=30 April 2007 | publisher=Rediff | accessdate=1 August 2020 }}</ref> was born in Pallikonda, [[Vellore district]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India, to Gnanaprakasam and Sharadambal, both teachers. He graduated with a BSc in [[Physics]] from Sacred Heart College, Tiruppatur; he gained a [[master's degree]] in physics from the [[Presidency College, Chennai]]. After he graduated, he worked as a technical officer with the Intelligence Bureau in [[Mumbai]] for four years, where many of his plays were staged. In 1983, he was appointed to the [[Indian Administrative Service]], and was allotted the Kerala Cadre. Rajasekaran married Sakunthala Chidambaram in 1985, and they have two daughters, [[Sindhu Rajasekaran]] and Nandita Rajasekaran.

== Career ==
Before his career as a film-maker, Rajasekaran published an allegorical [[novel]] titled ''Yanai Kuthirai Ottagam'', which was judged the best novel of the year by the Tirupur Tamil Sangam. He has written and directed several plays including a collection of three plays titled ''Vayiru'' (published in 1980) and the 1996 Hindi version of the play won an all India award for the best script.

Rajasekaran's debut film, ''[[Mogamul]]'' (1995), is based on the novel written by [[Thi. Janakiraman]]. The film won the [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]] at the [[42nd National Film Awards]] and the [[National Film Award Special Prize|Special Jury Award for Best film]] at the [[48th National Film Awards]]. He then went on to direct the [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]-starrer ''[[Mugam (1999 film)|Mugam]]'' (1999), with the film fetching poor reviews and faring badly at the box office. ''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]'' (2000), is a biography of the Tamil poet [[Subramanya Bharathi]]. The film starred the Marathi actor [[Sayaji Shinde]] and [[Devayani]]. The film won four [[National Film Awards]] and six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. ''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]'' (2007), a biopic on [[E.V.Ramaswamy]], focused on the history of the [[Dravidian movement]], collating various incidents of the period.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/11200.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114092426/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/11200.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2007|title = Tamil Cinema News | Tamil Movie Reviews | Tamil Movie Trailers - IndiaGlitz Tamil}}</ref> The film starred [[Satyaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/30122006-2.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102030850/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/30122006-2.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2007|title = டோடோவின் ரஃப் நோட்டு — Tamil Kavithai -- தமிழ் கவிதைகள் - நூற்று கணக்கில்!}}</ref> and [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]], and won the [[Tamilnadu State Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil]] at the [[48th National Film Awards]] and was screened in various international film festivals. ''[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]'' (2014) is a biographical film based on the life of Indian mathematician [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]]. The film received mixed reviews from critics.

Rajasekaran has also directed various short films such as ''Oru Kan, Oru Parvai'' (1999, Tamil), ''Vivaram Onum Ariyam'' (Malayalam), ''Puthia Keralam'' (Malayalam) and ''Kanavu Nijamagum'' (Tamil, 2007).

Rajasekaran is the dean of SRM Sivaji Ganesan Film Institute, Chennai. He has held high positions in various public sector entities. He such as Secretary to Government for the 'Energy and Labour Departments' - Government of Kerala and Chairman for 'Kerala State Electricity Board'.

He also serves as a director on the board of BGR Energy Systems Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgrcorp.com/board_of_directors.php|title=BGR Energy Systems Limited|website=www.bgrcorp.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Film !! Notes
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Mogamul]]'' || [[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director]]
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Mugam (1999 film)|Mugam]]'' ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Bharathi (2000 film)|Bharathi]]'' || [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Periyar (2007 film)|Periyar]]''|| [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil]] [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize]]
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Ramanujan (film)|Ramanujan]]'' || [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film]]
|-
| 2021 || ''[[Ainthu Unarvugal]]'' ||
|}

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
*Gnana Rajasekaran's Interview [http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/30inter.htm "rediff news"]
* Periyar Audio Launch [https://web.archive.org/web/20070114092426/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/11200.html "indiaglitz"]
* Sathyaraj Gets Periyar Award [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102030850/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/30122006-2.shtml " cinesouth"]
* Periyar premiere in Malaysia [https://web.archive.org/web/20070502060624/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/30835.html "indiaglitz"]
* Periyar in International Film Festival [https://web.archive.org/web/20100509223512/http://chennai365.com/news/periyar-and-ammuvagiya-naan-at-the-international-film-festival/ "chennai365"]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajasekaran, Gnana}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Vellore district]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners]]
[[Category:Director whose film won the Best Debut Feature Film National Film Award]]

34th National Film Awards

2026-01-26T19:16:29Z

ClayAcosta:

{{Short description|1987 Indian film award}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 34
| award = National Film Awards
| image =
| alt =
| caption = 34th National Film Awards
| awarded_for = Best of Indian cinema in 1986
| award_org =
| presenting_org = [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]
| announced_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1987|05|01}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 May 1987 |title=Charu Hasan gets best actor award |pages=6 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19870502&printsec=frontpage&hl=en}}</ref>
| presented_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1987|09}}
| site =
| host =
| website = [http://dff.nic.in/ dff.nic.in]
| lifetime_achievement = [[Bommireddy Nagi Reddy]]
| best_feature = ''[[Tabarana Kathe]]''
| best_non_feature = ''The Land of Sand Dunes''
| best_book = ''Rabindranath O Chalachithra''
| best_critic = [[Chidananda Dasgupta]]
| most_wins = {{*}}''[[Mirch Masala]]'' {{*}}''[[Phera]]'' (3)
| last = 33rd
| next = 35th
}}

The '''34th [[National Film Awards]]''', presented by [[Directorate of Film Festivals]], the organisation set up by [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India]] to felicitate the best of [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] released in the year 1986.<ref name="34thaward">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/83_34thNfacatalogue.pdf|title=34th National Film Awards|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=2 September 2020|archive-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227063045/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/83_34thNfacatalogue.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ceremony took place in September 1987.

== Awards ==

Awards were divided into feature films, non-feature films and books written on Indian cinema.

=== Lifetime Achievement Award ===

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Image
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awarded As
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;"|Awards
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Dadasaheb Phalke Award]]
|[[File:B Nagi Reddy 2018 stamp of India.jpg|75px]]
|[[Bommireddy Nagi Reddy]]
|[[Film producer]]
|Swarna Kamal, {{INR}} 1,00,000 and a Shawl
|}

=== Feature films ===

Feature films were awarded at All India as well as regional level. For 34th National Film Awards, a [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada film]], ''[[Tabarana Kathe]]'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]], whereas a [[Bollywood|Hindi film]], ''[[Mirch Masala]]'' and a [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film]], ''[[Phera]]'' won the maximum number of awards (3). Following were the awards given in each category:<ref name="34thaward"/>

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by [[Bhisham Sahni]] was appointed to evaluate the feature films awards. Following were the jury members:<ref name="34thaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** [[Bhisham Sahni]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Ashokamitran|Ashok Mitran]]{{•}}[[Jahnu Barua]]{{•}}N. Krishnamoorthy{{•}}R. Lakshman{{•}}[[Pasupuleti Ramesh Naidu|Ramesh Naidu]]{{•}}[[Sai Paranjpye]]{{•}}Sankar Bhattacharya{{•}}Swapan Ghosh{{•}}[[T. Prakash Rao]]

==== All India Award ====

Following were the awards given:<ref name="34thaward"/>

===== Golden Lotus Award =====

Official Name: Swarna Kamal<ref name="34thaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:25%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:34%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature Film]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Tabarana Kathe]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Kannada]]
|[[Film producer|Producer]]: Apoorva Chitra
|{{INR}} 50,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|[[Film director|Director]]: [[Girish Kasaravalli]]
|{{INR}} 25,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For an extremely sensitive probe into the anguish of a helpless individual caught in a bureaucratic web, depicted with great feeling and expertise as he waits for his pension, which arrives too late.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director|Best Debut Film of a Director]]
|''[[Yeh Woh Manzil To Nahin]]''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|Producer and Director: [[Sudhir Mishra]]
|{{INR}} 25,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For an incisive analysis of history as seen through the eyes of three elderly freedom fighters and its impact on their stand against social injustice in contemporary times.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Film Providing Popular and Wholesome Entertainment]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Samsaram Adhu Minsaram]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Producer: [[AVM Productions]]
|{{INR}} 40,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Visu]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its entertaining presentation of a complex contemporary social problem - the disintegration of the joint family.''
|}

===== Silver Lotus Award =====

Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="34thaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:26%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:22%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:32%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues|Best Film on Other Social Issues]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Doore Doore Oru Koodu Koottam]]''
|rowspan="2"|[[Malayalam]]
|Producer: M. Mani
|{{INR}} 30,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Sibi Malayil]]
|{{INR}} 15,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For focussing on the dire need for integrity in the educational system in remote areas in a heart warming film, charmingly narrated.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Direction|Best Direction]]
|''[[Oridathu]]''
|Malayalam
|[[G. Aravindan]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his masterly and powerful depiction of changing society reeling under the onslaught of technical progress.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
|''[[Namukku Parkkan Munthiri Thoppukal]]''
|Malayalam
|[[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
|rowspan="4"|{{INR}} 15,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the lyrical and brilliant visual presentation.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''[[Amma Ariyan]]''
|Malayalam
|[[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For his powerful and disturbing black and white photography.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|''[[Phera]]''
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its penetrative and sensitive screenplay depicting the trauma faced by an artist in search of his identity in relation to his professional and personal life.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|''[[Tabarana Kathe]]''
|[[Kannada]]
|[[Charuhasan]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For an immensely moving and controlled portrayal of an individual's anguish, as he waits endlessly for justice.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
|''[[Nakhakshathangal]]''
|Malayalam
|[[Monisha]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For her portrayal in the film, in which she depicts an entire range of human emotions and gives an extra dimension to the character os Gowri, a village lass destined to love and lose.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]
|''[[Mirch Masala]]''
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|[[Suresh Oberoi]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For breathing life into complex feaudal character, who tries to control a destiny beyond his reach.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]
|''Bhangala Silata''
|[[Oriya language|Oriya]]
|[[Manjula Kanwar]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For a startlingly realistic portrayal of an exploited, illiterate woman who lives like a haunted animal, trapped into accepting her ultimate fate.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Child Artist|Best Child Artist]]
|''[[Phera]]''
|Bengali
|Aniket Sengupta
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his lively and poignant portrayal of a young boy who brings new faith and meaning to the life of an aged artiste.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Audiography|Best Audiography]]
|''[[Pathbhola|Path Bhola]]''
|Bengali
|{{*}}Durga Mitra {{*}}Jyoti Prasad Chatterjee
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For adding a new dimension to the film by a sensitive employment of sound.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
|''[[Mirch Masala]]''
|Hindi
|Sanjiv Shah
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his perfection in creating a smooth flow.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]
|''[[Madhvacharya (film)|Madhvacharya]]''
|Kannada
|[[P. Krishnamoorthy]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For effectively recreating the era of Madhvacharya.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Music Direction|Best Music Direction]]
|''[[Madhvacharya (film)|Madhvacharya]]''
|Kannada
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the effective use of classical music blended with folk music.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|''Lalan Fakir''
|Bengali
|[[Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his superb rendering of the traditional songs in his deep and vibrant voice.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|''[[Nakhakshathangal]]'' {{small|("Manjal Prasadavum")}}
|Malayalam
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For her melodious rendering of songs.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
|''[[Parinati]]''
|Hindi
|Prabhat Jha
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the authenticity in the use of costumes.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]]
|''[[Amma Ariyan]]''
|Malayalam
|[[John Abraham (director)|John Abraham]]
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his directorial excellence and originality in the treatment.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
| [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|Special Mention]]
|''Himghar''
|Bengali
|[[Sandip Ray]]
|Certificate only
|}

==== Regional Awards ====

The award is given to best film in the regional languages in India.<ref name="34thaward"/>

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:25%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:42%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese|Best Feature Film in Assamese]]
|rowspan="2"|''Baan''
|Producer: Do-Re-Me Films
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Charu Kamal Hazarika
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its incisive comment on the post-independence establishment in a flood-prone region.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali|Best Feature Film in Bengali]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Phera]]''
|Producer: [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its depiction of dilemma of a creative artiste in a world of changing values.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi|Best Feature Film in Hindi]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Mirch Masala]]''
|Producer: [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Ketan Mehta]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its moving depiction of a rural woman's struggle against oppressive social conditions in the pre-Independence era.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada|Best Feature Film in Kannada]]
|rowspan="2"|''Shankha Nada''
|Producer: Umesh Kulkarni
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: Umesh Kulkarni
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its satirical presentation of the facts of the panchayat system in a faction-ridden village.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Uppu]]''
|Producer: K. M. A. Rahim
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[V. K. Pavithran]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its depiction of people caught in the midst of religious conservatism.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Oriya|Best Feature Film in Oriya]]
|rowspan="2"|''Majhi Pahacha''
|Producer: Dipti Mohanty
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Manmohan Mahapatra]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For a faithful portrayal of a range of individuals in today's urban milieu.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil|Best Feature Film in Tamil]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Mouna Ragam]]''
|Producer: [[G. Venkateswaran]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Mani Ratnam]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its sensitive portrayal of an urban young woman's voyage to self-discovery.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]]
|rowspan="2"|''[[Swathi Muthyam]]''
|Producer: [[Edida Nageshwara Rao]]
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[K. Viswanath]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For an effective rendering of a dramatic story about a man too innocent and child-like to fit into the scheme of the hard, calculating world.''
|}

'''Best Feature Film in Each of the Language Other Than Those Specified In the Schedule VIII of the Constitution'''

{|class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:28%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:33%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="3"|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English|Best Feature Film in English]]
|rowspan="2"|''Watchman''
|Producer: T. S. Narasimhan
|{{INR}} 20,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|Director: [[Shankar Nag]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the charming rendering of the story an old watchman saving a young girl from suicide, himself having lost all his near and dear ones.''
|}

=== Non-Feature Films ===

Short Films made in any Indian language and certified by the Central Board of Film Certification as a documentary/newsreel/fiction are eligible for non-feature film section.

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] was appointed to evaluate the non-feature films awards. Following were the jury members:<ref name="34thaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Jalal Agha]]{{•}}[[Manmohan Shetty]]{{•}}Sivan

==== Golden Lotus Award ====

Official Name: Swarna Kamal<ref name="34thaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Golden Lotus Award (Swarna Kamal)', a certificate and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:16%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film|Best Non-Feature Film]]
|''The Land of Sand Dunes''
|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: Orchid Films Pvt. Ltd. Director: [[Gautam Ghose]]
|{{INR}} 15,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the sensitivity and feel for the subject expressed in its effective cinematic style.''
|}

==== Silver Lotus Award ====

Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="34thaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)' and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:27%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"|Name of Film
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:7%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film|Best Anthropological / Ethnographic Film]]
|''The Land Where Wind Blows Free''
|[[English language|English]]
|Producer: Director of Cultural Affairs, Assam Director: Chandra Narayan Barua
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its faithful and authentic portrayal of the tribal communities of North-East India.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Biographical Film|Best Biographical Film]]
|''Sister Alphonsa of Bharananganam''
|English
|Producer: Dejo Kappen and George Sebastian Director: Rajiv Vijay Raghavan
|rowspan="4"|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its creative use of cinematography in portraying with great sympathy and understanding the life of Sister Alphonsa.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''Kamala Nehru''
|English
|Producer: Uma Shankar Director: Ashish Mukherjee
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the innovative use of graphics in the effective depiction of the subject.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film|Best Arts / Cultural Film]]
|''Our Islamic Heritage - Part II''
|English
|Producer: K. K. Garg{{small| for }}[[Films Division of India|Films Division]] Director: K. K. Garg
|rowspan="4"|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its well researched treatment and the artistry and imagination employed in bringing an aspect of our great heritage into focus.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''[[Kudiattam|Classical Dance Forms of India - Koodiattam]]''
|English
|Producer: [[Doordarshan]] Director: [[Prakash Jha]]
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For its excellent visual treatment of a great traditional theatre form.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Scientific Film|Best Scientific Film (including Environment and Ecology)]]
|''Kaamdhenu Redeemed''
|English
|Producer: Radha Narayanan and Mohi-Ud-Din Mirza Director: Mohi-Ud-Din Mirza
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its very effective use of cinematographic medium for covering modern scientific methods of cattle breeding.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best Industrial Film|Best Industrial Film]]
|''The Story of Glass''
|English
|Producer: S. Kumar Director: [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]]
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its comprehensive and engaging treatment of glass-making in our country.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Agriculture Film|Best Agricultural Film]]
|''Three Spices - Cinnamon Part I''
|English
|Producer: D. Gautaman{{small| for }}Films Division Director: D. Gautaman
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its high motivational and educational value.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Historical Reconstruction/Compilation Film|Best Historical Reconstruction / Compilation Film]]
|''We The People of India''
|English
|Producer: N. S. Thapa{{small| for }}Films Division Director: Bhanumurthy Alur
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For creative compilation of historic facts and materials.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues|Best Film on Social Issues]]
|''Inner Instincts''
|English
|Producer: Ministry of Welfare (India) Director: P. Vijay Kumar
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For its sensitive and probing treatment of a vital social issue.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="4"|[[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|Best Educational / Motivational Film]]
|''Mitraniketan Vellanad''
|English
|Producer: Cinemart Foundation Director: Jagannath Guha
|rowspan="4"|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For effectively bringing into focus the services of an institution engaged in tackling the rural problems at the grass roots level.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|''For Better Living''
|English
|Producer: Padmalaya Mohapatra and Ghanashyam Mohapatra Director: Ghanashyam Mohapatra
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="3"|'''Citation:''' ''For the competence with which an important social endeavour like the upliftment of the Adivasis is depicted.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards#Best News Review|Best News Review]]
|''The Pope Meets India (News Magazine 70)''
|English
|Producer: P. B. Pendharkar and P. S. Arshi {{small|for}} Films Division Director: Camera Team {{small|for}} Films Division
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the excellently co-ordinated team work in making the coverage of the Pope's visit to India more than mere news.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film|Best Animation Film]]
|''A. B. See''
|English
|Producer: P. B. Pendharkar {{small|for}} Films Division [[Film director|Director]] and [[Animator]]: Arun Gongade
|{{INR}} 10,000/- Each
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the freshness of treatment using animation technique to effectively convey a message of great social significance.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award – Special Jury Award (Non-Feature Film)|Special Jury Award]]
|''Equal Partners''
|English
|Yash Chaudhary
|{{INR}} 5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For the deft handling of a complex subject designed to promote better understanding between nations.''
|}

=== Best Writing on Cinema ===

The awards aim at encouraging study and appreciation of cinema as an art form and dissemination of information and critical appreciation of this art-form through publication of books, articles, reviews etc.

==== Juries ====

A committee headed by [[Vijay Tendulkar]] was appointed to evaluate the writing on Indian cinema. Following were the jury members:<ref name="34thaward"/>

* '''Jury Members'''
** [[Vijay Tendulkar]] ([[Chairman|Chairperson]]){{•}}[[Dibyendu Palit]]{{•}}S. Jayachandran Nair

==== Silver Lotus Award ====
Official Name: Rajat Kamal<ref name="34thaward"/>

All the awardees are awarded with 'Silver Lotus Award (Rajat Kamal)' and cash prize.

{|class="wikitable"
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:24%;"|Name of Award
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:23%;"|Name of Book
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;"|Language
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:30%;"|Awardee(s)
!style="background-color:#EFE4B0;width:13%;"|Cash prize
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema|Best Book on Cinema]]
|''Rabindranath O Chalachithra''
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|[[Author]]: Arun Kumar Roy
|{{INR}}5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For making an original evaluation and analysis of films and documentaries made on Tagore's writings and personality from the silent era of cinema to date and thus linking cinema, an important creative medium, to a great creative mind.''
|- style="background-color:#F4F4F4"
|rowspan="2"|[[National Film Award for Best Film Critic|Best Film Critic]]
|
|Bengali
|[[Chidananda Dasgupta]]
|{{INR}}5,000/-
|- style="background-color:#F9F9F9"
|colspan="4"|'''Citation:''' ''For his unique writings which do not look at films in isolation and instead evaluate them in the context of a total artistic expression as integrated in other forms of arts. This gives most of his writings a broader perspective and depth and links them with social, psychological and historical changes.''
|}

=== Awards not given ===

Following were the awards not given as no film was found to be suitable for the award:<ref name="34thaward"/>

{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film|Second Best Feature Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Children's Film|Best Children's Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare|Best Film on Family Welfare]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film|Best Exploration/Adventure Film]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare|Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare]]
* [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration|Best Feature Film on National Integration]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Lyrics|Best Lyrics]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Manipuri|Best Feature Film in Manipuri]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi|Best Feature Film in Marathi]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi|Best Feature Film in Punjabi]]
* [[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film|Best Promotional Film]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
* [https://dff.nic.in/Archive.aspx National Film Awards Archives]
* [https://dff.nic.in Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India]

{{National Film Awards}}

[[Category:National Film Awards (India) ceremonies]]
[[Category:1987 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:1987 awards in India]]

Jab Tak Hai Jaan (soundtrack)

2026-01-24T03:08:45Z

ClayAcosta: slightly adjusted references for consistency additionally and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Jab Tak Hai Jaan
| type = Soundtrack
| longtype =
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cover = Jab Tak Hai Jaan Artwork.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2012|10|10}}
| recorded = 2011–2012 [[Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios]], [[Chennai]] Panchathan Hollywood Studio, [[Los Angeles]] [[Yash Raj Films|YRF Studios]], [[Mumbai]] Nirvana Studios, [[Mumbai]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 37:45
| language = Hindi Punjabi
| label = [[Yash Raj Films|YRF Music]]
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[People Like Us : Original Motion Picture Soundtrack|People Like Us]]
| prev_year = 2012
| next_title = [[Kadal (soundtrack)|Kadal]]
| next_year = 2012
}}

'''''Jab Tak Hai Jaan''''' is the [[soundtrack album]], composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], to the 2012 Hindi film [[Jab Tak Hai Jaan|of the same name]], directed by [[Yash Chopra]] that stars [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Katrina Kaif]] and [[Anushka Sharma]]. The film was produced by [[Aditya Chopra]] under his banner [[Yash Raj Films]]. The album has nine tracks and was released on 10 October 2012 on the firm's official record label [[YRF Music]].

==Development==
The soundtrack was the first collaboration between Chopra, Rahman and the lyricist [[Gulzar]]. In May 2011, Rahman was signed to compose the music as well as the background score of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/Yash-Chopra-signs-Rahman/articleshow/8386269.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403185321/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-17/news-and-interviews/29551943_1_yash-chopra-yashji-music |url-status=live |archive-date=3 April 2012 |title=Yash Chopra signs Rahman|author=Kunal M Shah|date=17 May 2011|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref> The first song of the soundtrack was completed in December 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.omg.yahoo.com/news/yash-chopras-srk-project-rahman-finalizes-first-song-060127214.html |title=Yash Chopra's SRK project: Rahman finalizes first song!|website=Yahoo|date=6 December 2011|access-date=10 January 2012}}</ref> In February 2012, Rahman said in an interview with ''[[The Times of India]]'' that he had completed three songs for the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-20/news-interviews/31079000_1_ar-rahman-danny-boyle-slumdog-millionaire-director|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203175641/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-20/news-interviews/31079000_1_ar-rahman-danny-boyle-slumdog-millionaire-director|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=I am in touch with Danny Boyle: AR Rahman|date=20 February 2012|access-date=21 February 2012}}</ref> Rahman summarised the soundtrack album, saying, "It's a combination. They wanted to do my kind of songs at the same time they wanted the old charm and soul of music that Indian audience would love and which I wanted to do for a long time."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2012/sep/280912-My-Hindi-film-career-complete-after-working-with-Yash-Chopra-Rahman.htm |title=My Hindi film career complete after working with Yash Chopra: Rahman|work=Mid-Day|date=28 September 2012|access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref>
{{Quote box|width=40%|align=right|quote= "Yashji saw one of my concerts in London, we invited him. He felt that I should give music in his film. It was kind enough of him to call me. It is a great honour for me. I had not worked with him and now my whole thing...meaning career wise is complete. I am very happy to have worked with him. We had great time, it was a great experience. And he ([[Yash Chopra]]) seemed happy. I hope people feel the same." |source=—[[A.R. Rahman]] on his first and last collaboration with [[Yash Chopra]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Career now complete with Yash Chopra's film: AR Rahman|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/career-now-complete-with-yash-chopras-film-ar-rahman/1009234/1|work=The Indian Express|date=28 September 2012 |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>}}

===Overview===
The [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] lyrical song "Challa" was filmed on the lead character Samar Anand (played by [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]). The song was mainly shot in [[Trafalgar Square]] and at [[Canary Wharf]] and the [[Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges]], in [[London]]. At the promotion of the film he said, "I love 'Challa' – its a Punjabi, Sufi kind of song. Doing it was different for me, to play the guitar in the way its supposed to be strummed." The song also had [[Katrina Kaif]] alongside Khan. The song portrays the daily routine life of the character Samar who lives in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://businessofcinema.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-promotions-on-full-throttle/53747 |title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan: Promotions on Full-Throttle!|work=Business of Cinema| author= Simran Chopra|access-date=18 November 2012}}</ref> The lead actor learnt the guitar chords of the song to seem authentic while strumming it.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Released as a single track prior to the album launch, it met overwhelming positive reviews{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} on the Internet, especially on [[YouTube]]. Several media reports claimed that the opening notes and guitar strummings of the song were loosely inspired by [[Eagle-Eye Cherry]]'s song "[[Save Tonight]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/bollywood/Challa-song-a-copy-of-Eagle-Eye-Cherrys-Save-Tonight/videoshow/16707611.cms|title='Challa' song a copy of Eagle-Eye Cherry's 'Save Tonight'?|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=7 October 2012|access-date=15 November 2012}} - {{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=276808&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=276808|title=Challa from Jab Tak Hai Jaan copied from Eagle Eye Cherry song?|work=NDTV Movies|date=8 October 2012|access-date=15 November 2012}}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However, these allegation were denied by the singer, [[Rabbi Shergill]], claiming that the two songs only shared acoustic guitar, bass and tempo, and nonsensical insinuations had come up.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/life-and-style/rabbi-rubbishes-plagiarism-allegations-409|title=Rabbi rubbishes plagiarism allegations|work=Asian Age|author=Sana Yaseen|date=18 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=18 November 2012|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118205638/http://www.asianage.com/life-and-style/rabbi-rubbishes-plagiarism-allegations-409}}</ref>

The song "Saans" was titled "The Breath of Love" by Khan when it opened as video promotion on the day of music launch. Rahman said that, initially, the patch version of the song was composed with dummy lyrics. He added that the song highlights traditional beats but has an edge to it. According to the plot of the film, the song needed tautness that is exemplified by the tensed violins. In the film, Samar helps Meera (played by [[Katrina Kaif]]) to revive her [[maternal bond]]ings so she knows more on love through her mother. This makes Meera reciprocate her feelings to Samar, expressed as the song "Saans". The reprise version of the song occurs when Meera and Samar meet after ten years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxQPa-_84-c|title=Making of the song – Saans – Jab Tak Hai Jaan |website=YRF Channel on [[YouTube]]| access-date=15 November 2012}}</ref>

"Ishq Dance" and "Ishq Shava" are dance-oriented numbers sequentially filmed, the former with the leading duo and nearly 80 freestyle dancers in an underground club, and the latter on board a [[barge]] on the [[River Thames]], essentially keeping [[Tower Bridge]] as the backdrop during the night.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a410768/shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-release-ishq-shava-from-jab-tak-hai-jaan.html |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif release 'Ishq Shava' from Jab Tak Hai Jaan |website=Digital Spy|author = Steven Baker|date=6 October 2012|access-date=6 October 2012}}</ref> The composer said that instead of a [[Trance music|trance]] or [[dubstep]] genre, he fused tribal and [[Contemporary classical music|contemporary]] with [[acoustic music|acoustics]]. The song also involves more strummed [[Classical guitar|Spanish guitars]] in its preludes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/VRy7PiFufhOVmXUls2OmfK/Music-Review--Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan.html|title=Music Review : Jab Tak Hai Jaan |website=Live Mint| access-date=15 November 2012}} - {{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOS2lBrHdDo&list=PLCB05E03DA939D484&index=1&feature=plcp|title=Making of the song – Ishq Shava – Jab Tak Hai Jaan |website=YRF on [[YouTube]]| access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>

"Heer Heer" is a solo performance in the film by Meera. Initially the song was recorded as patch, to be used only in the film. However, Gulzar insisted Rahman record it as a complete track after adding more lines to the folk poetry. In the film, Meera learns Punjabi and the song through Samar. She performs the song to impress her father and show that, though in London, her roots are still in her Indian culture. On the counterpart, the song also relates the heartfelt situation between her and Samar. The straight Punjabi lyrical track implicitly refers to the folklores of [[Mirza Sahiban]] and [[Heer Ranjha]] where the lyricist claimed to put [[imagery]] in several lines of the song.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgH43KomCEM&list=PLCB05E03DA939D484&index=2&feature=plcp|title=Making of the song – Heer – Jab Tak Hai Jaan|website=YRF on [[YouTube]]|access-date=4 December 2012}} - {{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=289193&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=289193|title=Katrina featured in Heer, the new song from Jab Tak Hai Jaan|website=NDTV Movies|author=Riya Chakravarty|access-date=6 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110032436/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=289193&subcatg=&keyword=bollywood&nid=289193|archive-date=10 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

"Jiya Re" is sung by the character Akira (played by [[Anushka Sharma]]) in the song. Gulzar said that the song was character-oriented.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLcVfz1-_0rj9eVorkO0iclOAyu1iNzYi-&v=EJgwr7n0_Ic&feature=player_embedded|title=Making of the song – Jiya Re – Jab Tak Hai Jaan |website=YRF on [[YouTube]]| access-date=23 November 2012}}</ref> The song was shot in the landscapes of [[Ladakh]] and [[Kashmir]]. Akira's further documentary filming journey with Samar began after this song.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4175|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113032459/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4175|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2012|title='My last meeting with Yashji was at Rani Mukerji's house' – Anushka Sharma – Part 2|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |author = Nikhil Ramsubramaniam | date=10 November 2012| access-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> The singer, [[Neeti Mohan]], made her debut as a playback singer with this song in the soundtrack.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-never-miss-an-opportunity-to-make-music-AR-Rahman/Article1-936913.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929055154/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-never-miss-an-opportunity-to-make-music-AR-Rahman/Article1-936913.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 September 2012 |title=I never miss an opportunity to make music: AR Rahman|author=Nirmika Singh|work=Hindustan Times|date=28 September 2012|access-date=28 September 2012}}</ref>

Often regarded as the [[swan song]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-review-despite-many-script-problems-its-a-fitting-swansong/305423-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116043748/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-review-despite-many-script-problems-its-a-fitting-swansong/305423-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 November 2012|title='Jab Tak Hai Jaan' Review: Despite many script problems, it's a fitting swansong|author=Rajeev Masand|work=CNN IBN|access-date=18 November 2012}}</ref> the title track, "Jab Tak Hai Jaan" marks the union of the lead characters and was planned to be shot with a large budget in the [[Swiss Alps]]. The death of the director led the cancellation of filming and the song was used in the closing credits.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

The poem "Jab Tak Hai Jaan", written by [[Aditya Chopra]] and recited by [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], was used in the opening credits of the film. Several reports said that the theatrical trailer that incorporated this song was reminiscent of the song "Apertura" in the film ''[[The Motorcycle Diaries (soundtrack)|The Motorcycle Diaries]]'', especially the use of a [[charango]] in the music.<ref name=jthjsnd1/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-background-track-inspired-by-the-motorcycle-diaries/293486-8-66.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126234412/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jab-tak-hai-jaan-background-track-inspired-by-the-motorcycle-diaries/293486-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 January 2013|title='Jab Tak Hai Jaan' background track inspired by 'The Motorcycle Diaries'?|work=IBN Live |access-date=15 November 2012}} - {{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/bollywood/Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-music-track-copy-of-The-Motorcycle-Diaries/videoshow/16494282.cms|title='Jab Tak Hai Jaan' music track copy of 'The Motorcycle Diaries'?|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 November 2012}}</ref>

==Marketing==
On 12 September 2012, when the film opened, part of the lyrics of the poem "Jab Tak Hai Jaan", written by [[Aditya Chopra]], were released before the launch of the soundtrack. On 27 September 2012, the film director's 80th birthday, Shahrukh Khan paid homage to Chopra in an event connected to his film where the song "Challa" was deciphered. Chopra said it was his favourite track from the album and even recited a few lines of it.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=272952&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=272952|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129235535/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=272952&subcatg=&keyword=Bollywood&nid=272952|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 January 2013|title=Wrote poetry for Meena Kumari: Yash Chopra to Shah Rukh Khan|author=Gitanjali Roy|work=NDTV Movies|date=28 September 2012|access-date=11 October 2012}} - {{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-new-YRF-film-title--takes-Twitter-by-storm/Article1-927944.aspx|title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan, new YRF film title, takes Twitter by storm|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=11 September 2012|access-date=12 September 2012|archive-date=11 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911213637/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-new-YRF-film-title--takes-Twitter-by-storm/Article1-927944.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The video promotion of the first song of the soundtrack album, "Challa", sung by [[Rabbi Shergill]] in Punjabi, was released on 1 October 2012 and had over a million views within a day of its release. The first trailer of the film also used the instrumental part of "Challa".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/First-song-of-SRK-s-Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-out/Article1-938267.aspx|title=First song of SRK's Jab Tak Hai Jaan out!|work=Hindustan Times|date=1 October 2012|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=1 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001152347/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/First-song-of-SRK-s-Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan-out/Article1-938267.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> The making of "Challa" was released officially on 5 October 2012. Later, it was also made available as a complete track for digital download. A small portion of the song "Heer Heer", sung in Punjabi by [[Harshdeep Kaur]], was leaked on the Internet on 7 October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/bollywood/news/a410861/shah-rukh-khan-katrina-kaif-punjabi-song-lyrics-for-heer-leaked.html |title=Exclusive: Shah Rukh Khan, Katrina Kaif Punjabi song lyrics for 'Heer' leaked |website=Digital Spy|author = Steven Baker|date=7 October 2012|access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> The video promotion of the second song, "Saans", was launched on 9 October 2012 in an event held in the Ball Room, [[Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces|Taj Land Ends]], [[Bandra]], [[Mumbai]]. The romantic number was launched in the presence of Khan and Katrina Kaif, web conferencing the event over [[Skype]] where Khan named the song "The Breathe of Love". The event was supposed to have included the actress but her shooting schedules for ''[[Dhoom 3]]'' in [[Chicago]] prevented such an appearance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_katrina-kaif-gets-tech-savvy_1750119 |title=Katrina Kaif gets tech savvy |work=DNA|date=8 October 2012|access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> The video promotion of "Jiya Re", highlighting Anushka Sharma and featuring Khan, was released on 17 October 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/jab-tak-hai-jaan-new-song-jiya-re-anushka-sharma-lives-it-up-with-shahrukh-khan/ |title=JAB TAK HAI JAAN new song Jiya re: Anushka Sharma lives it up with Shahrukh Khan|author=Keyrun Rao|work=Bollywood Life|date=17 October 2012|access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> The complete soundtrack album was released on 10 October 2012 on [[Yash Raj Films|YRF Music]]. Video teasers of "Ishq Shava" were released on 26 October 2012 and "Heer Heer" on 6 November 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VHpXV2P9yo |title=Ishq Shava – Song Teaser – Jab Tak Hai Jaan|via=[[YouTube]]|date=21 October 2012|access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref>

==Critical response==
The soundtrack of ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' received generally positive critical reception. In a poll conducted by ''[[Indiatimes]]'', the song "Saans" won the title of "Most Romantic Song of the year 2012".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/The-most-romantic-song-of-2012-is--/articleshow/22184673.cms | title=The most romantic song of 2012 is... |work= The Times of India|author=Priya Gupta, Garima Sharma| date=September 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013}}</ref>

Anand Vaishnav of ''Indiatimes'' praised the album and wrote, "''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'''s score may not be the game-changer Rahman fans would have expected, but it's got its heart in the right place. And is a welcome break from all the noise (in the name of experimentation) that one is subjected to on the music-charts."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.indiatimes.com/bollywood/music-review-jab-tak-hai-jaan-43230.html | title=MUSIC REVIEW – Jab Tak Hai Jaan |work= [[Indiatimes]]| date=10 October 2012 |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> DJ Munks of ''BizAsia Showbiz'' gave it 8 out of 10 stars and said, "The album is inventive and does not reflect a typical sound heard in Rahman’s music but has clear signs of ownership of Chopra, clearly indicating he had a major influence on it. The album keeps away for popular commercial music but creates a unique niche for itself with genuine hard work and talent reflecting in the songs."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.media247.co.uk/showbiz/music-review-jab-tak-hai-jaan-2012 | title=Music Review: 'Jab Tak Hai Jaan' | work=BizAsia Showbiz | access-date=11 October 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421052158/http://www.media247.co.uk/showbiz/music-review-jab-tak-hai-jaan-2012 | archive-date=21 April 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Joginder Tuteja of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "''Jab Tak Jai Jaan'' turns out to be a mixed bag and while none of the songs is the kind that one turns away from (it can't be imagined that way in any case, given the team involved), there are only a few which make you come back to them."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/548942 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012235235/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/548942 | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 October 2012 | title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan Music Review|author=Joginder Tuteja|work=Bollywood Hungama| access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> Vipin of ''Music Aloud'' noted, "Jab Tak Hai Jaan. Has its ARR-special moments, but for a film touted as Yash Chopra’s 50th year special and his first venture with A. R. Rahman (along with Gulzar, that too!), the soundtrack is underwhelming."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.musicaloud.com/2012/10/08/jab-tak-hai-jaan-music-review-bollywood-soundtrack/ | title=JAB TAK HAI JAAN – MUSIC REVIEW (BOLLYWOOD SOUNDTRACK)|work=Music Aloud | date=8 October 2012| access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' thought that the album was appealing even though it was not vintage Rahman.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/music-review-jab-tak-hai-jaan-1456.html | title=JTHJ Music Review |work=Filmfare | access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> Anand Holla of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "Though not as free-spirited as ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]'', ''Jab Tak Hai Jaan'' is engaging; an adorable, even if somewhat syrupy, soundtrack in its own love-struck space."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/music-reviews/Music-Review-Jab-Tak-Hai-Jaan/articleshow/16779005.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804071450/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-12/music-reviews/34412092_1_rahman-yash-chopra-jab-tak-hai-jaan | url-status=live | archive-date=4 August 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Music Review: Jab Tak Hai Jaan| access-date=13 October 2012}}</ref> Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff]]'' wrote, "Save for a few inspiring notes, even a die-hard Rahman fan will admit to feeling underwhelmed with what Jab Tak Hai Jaan has to offer."<ref name=jthjsnd1>{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/music-review-jab-tak-hai-jaan/20121012.htm| title=Review: Rahman disappoints in Jab Tak Hai Jaan | author=Sukanya Verma|work=Rediff|access-date=7 December 2012}}</ref>

After the second day of release, the album reached number one on the Top 10 World Albums chart on [[iTunes]], making it the third Indian album to achieve this feat after ''[[Enthiran (soundtrack)|Enthiran]]'' and ''[[Rockstar (soundtrack)|Rockstar]]''. Notably, all three were composed by Rahman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/euro/itunes/charts/top10albums.html |title=iTunes Music Charts |access-date=10 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022064905/http://www.apple.com/euro/itunes/charts/top10albums.html |archive-date=22 October 2007 }}</ref>

==Track listing==
The track list of the album was first revealed on 8 October 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rahman360.com/?p=5171|title=Jab Tak Hai Jaan – Tracklist With Credits |website=Rahman360 |date=8 October 2012|access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline=Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length= 37:22
| title1 = Challa
| extra1 = [[Rabbi Shergill]]
| lyrics1 = [[Gulzar]]
| length1 = 05:18
|
| title2 = Saans
| extra2 = [[Mohit Chauhan]] and [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length2 = 05:24
| lyrics2 = Gulzar
|
| title3 = Ishq Shava
| extra3 = [[Raghav Mathur]] and [[Shilpa Rao]]
| length3 = 04:30
| lyrics3 = Gulzar
|
| title4 = Heer
| extra4 = [[Harshdeep Kaur]] and Shreya Ghoshal
| length4 = 05:12
| lyrics4 = Gulzar
|
| title5 = Jiya Re
| extra5 = [[Sid Sriram]] and [[Sapna Mukherjee]]
| length5 = 05:16
| lyrics5 = Gulzar
|
| title6 = Jab Tak Hai Jaan
| extra6 = [[Krishnakumar Kunnath|KK]] and [[Shraddha Pandit]]
| length6 = 03:49
| lyrics6 = Gulzar
|
| title7 = Saans
| note7 = Reprise
| extra7 = Shreya Ghoshal
| length7 = 02:06
| lyrics7 = Gulzar
|
| title8 = Ishq Dance
| extra8 = Instrumental
| length8 = 03:31
| lyrics8 = —
|
| title9 = Jab Tak Hai Jaan
| note9 = Poem
| extra9 = [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]]
| length9 = 02:15
| lyrics9 = [[Aditya Chopra]]
}}

{{Track listing
| headline= Jab Tak Hai Jaan (Deleted Scenes)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Tonight I'm Gonna Dance<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyXdXs0tZwQ|title=Deleted Scene:4 | Samar Learns English... Meera Learns Punjabi|publisher=YRF Music |via=YouTube|date=10 December 2012|access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
| extra1 = Lady Kash and Krissy
| lyrics1 = A. R. Rahman, [[Lady Kash and Krissy]]
| length1 = 00:50
}}

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width="25%" scope="col" | Award
! width="15%" scope="col" | Date
! width="25%" scope="col" | Category
! width="25%" scope="col" | Recipient
! width="8%" scope="col" | Result
! width="2%" scope="col" | Reference
|-
| rowspan="4" | Bollywood Cosmopolitan Awards
| rowspan="4" | 10 December 2012
| Song of the Year
| ''Challa''
| rowspan="6" {{won}}
| rowspan="4" | <ref name=cosmowinx>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficecapsule.com/news-specific.aspx?news_id=2098|title=JAB TAK HAI JAAN Dominates UK Bollywood Cosmopolitan Awards As Shahrukh Wins Best Actor|website=Box Office Capsule|date=10 December 2012|access-date=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Male
| [[Rabbi Shergill]] for "Challa"
|-
| Best Lyrics
| [[Gulzar]]
|-
| Most Popular Music Overseas
| [[A. R. Rahman]]
|-
| [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
| 17 December 2012
| Most Entertaining Singer – Female
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]] for "Saans"
| <ref name=bigaward>{{cite web|url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/big-star-awards-2012-2013-winners-nominations/|title=Big Star Awards 2012 / 2013 – Winners, Nominations|website=Indicine|date=17 December 2012|access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Zee Cine Awards]]
| rowspan="5" | 7 January 2013
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| Shreya Ghoshal for "Saans"
| rowspan="5" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/zee-cine-awards-2013-team-barfi--vidya-balan-salman-khan-bag-big-honours/316837-8-66.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121023304/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/zee-cine-awards-2013-team-barfi--vidya-balan-salman-khan-bag-big-honours/316837-8-66.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 January 2013|title=Zee Cine Awards 2013: Team 'Barfi!', Vidya Balan, Salman Khan bag big honours|publisher=CNN-IBN|date=6 January 2013|access-date=6 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Best Music
| A. R. Rahman
| rowspan="6" {{nom}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Male
| [[Rabbi Shergill]] for "Challa"
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| Neeti Mohan for "Jiya Re"
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Colors Screen Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | 12 January 2013
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| [[Neeti Mohan]] for "Jiya Re"
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://screen.indianexpress.com/screenawards2013/live-blog.php|title=Colors Screen Awards Winners|website=The Indian Express|date=12 January 2013|access-date=12 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114000615/http://screen.indianexpress.com/screenawards2013/live-blog.php|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Filmfare Awards]]
| rowspan="6" | 20 January 2013
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Challa"
| rowspan="2" {{won}}
| rowspan="6" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indicine.com/movies/bollywood/filmfare-awards-2013-winners-list/ |title=Filmfare Winners 2013|website=Indicine|date=20 January 2013|access-date=20 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| RD Burman Award – New Music Talent
| Neeti Mohan for "Jiya Re"
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Male
| Rabbi Shergill for "Challa"
| rowspan="7" {{nom}}
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| Neeti Mohan for "Jiya Re"
|-
| Best Playback Singer – Female
| Shreya Ghoshal for "Saans"
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award|Star Guild Awards]]
| rowspan="3" | 16 February 2013
| Best Music
| A. R. Rahman
| rowspan="3" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apsaraawards.org/8th_apsara_awards_nominees.html |title=8th Apsara Awards Nominees|publisher=Apsara Awards|date=8 February 2013|access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref>
|-
| Best Female Singer
| Shreya Ghoshal for "Saans"
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
|-
| [[The Times of India|Times of India Film Awards]]
| 6 April 2013
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/barfi-tops-toifas-technical-awards-689468.html|title=Barfi! tops TOIFA's technical awards|website=Firstpost|date=6 April 2013|access-date=6 April 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[IIFA Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | 6 July 2013
| Best Music Director
| A. R. Rahman
| rowspan="2" {{nominated}}
| rowspan="2" | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/barfi-leads-iifa-nominations-with-13-nods-357458|title=Barfi! leads IIFA nominations with 13 nods|publisher=NDTV|date=22 April 2013|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527015424/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/barfi-leads-iifa-nominations-with-13-nods-357458|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| Best Lyrics
| Gulzar for "Saans"
|-
|}

==Album credits==
*Programmers: Hentry Kuruvilla & T. R. Krishna Chetan
*Sound engineers:
:At Panchathan Record Inn, Chennai: Suresh Permal, Srinidhi Venkatesh, Hentry Kuruvilla, T. R. Krishna Chetan, [[P.A. Deepak]], Jerry Vincent. R. Nitish Kumar
:At AM Studios, Chennai: S. Sivakumar, Kannan Ganpat, Pradeep
:At Panchathan Hollywood Studio, Los Angeles:: Tony Joy
:At YRF Studios, Mumbai: Shantanu Hudlikar, Abhishek Khandelwal, Sarit Chatterjee
:At Nirvana Studios, Mumbai: Abhinav Verma

*Mixing: Shantanu Hudlikar, R. Nitish Kumar and T. R. Krishna Chetan
*Mastering: Chris Athens at Chris Athens Masters

'''"Challa Tah main"'''
*Drums: [[Ranjit Barot]]
*Percussion: Faizan Hussain, Nishad Chandra
*Guitars: [[Keba Jeremiah]]
*Bass:{{ambiguous|date=November 2018}} Keith Peters

'''"Saans"'''
*Flute: Naveen Kumar

'''"Ishq Shava"'''
*Guitars: Joel Shearer
*Oud, mandolin, saz: Tapas Roy

'''"Jiya Re"'''
*Guitars: Chandresh Kudwa
*Bass:{{ambiguous|date=November 2018}} Keith Peters

'''"Heer"'''
*Guitars: Keba Jeremiah

'''"Saans (Reprise)"'''
*Percussion: Sanket Naik, Darshan Doshi, Arun Solanki

'''"Jab Tak Hai Jaan"'''
*Dholak: T. Raja, Y. P. Prasad, M. Lakshmi Narayanan
*Flute: Navin Iyer, Kiran Kumar

'''"Ishq Dance"'''
*Drums: Ranjit Barot
*Percussion: Faizan Hussain, Nishad Chandra
*Backing vocals: Nueman Pinto, [[Anusha Mani]], [[Shweta Pandit]], Vivienne Pocha, Crystal Sequeira, [[Samantha Edwards (singer)|Samantha Edwards]], Francois Castellino, Rishikesh Kamerkar, Rajiv Sundaresan
*Kids Chorus vocal arrangement on "Challa": "The Gleehive" conducted by Celeste Lourdes Cordo, vocals produced by [[Clinton Cerejo]]
*Strings: The Chennai Strings Orchestra, conducted By V. J. Srinivasamurthy
*Vocal supervisors: V. J. Srinivasamurthy, Srinivas Doraisami & Srinidhi Venkatesh
*Music co-ordinators: Noell James, Vijay Mohan Iyer
*Musicians' fixer: R. Samidurai

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{A. R. Rahman}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:A. R. Rahman soundtracks]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]
[[Category:2012 soundtrack albums]]

Sri Venkataramana Temple, Karkala

2026-01-01T13:48:47Z

ClayAcosta:

{{short description|Temple in Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Sri Venkataramana Temple
| image = Sri Venkataramana Temple Karkala.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Main entrance of temple
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_caption = Location in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|13|12|56|N|74|59|33|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| district = [[Udupi|Udupi District]]
| locale = [[Karkala]]
| deity = [[Venkateswara|Maha Vishnu]]
| festivals= Rathothsava, Laksha Deepothsava
| other_names =
| elevation_m =
| architecture = [[Vastu Shastra]]
| temple_quantity = 1
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = mid-14th century
| creator = [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]]s
| website = {{URL|https://www.svtkarkala.com/}}
}}
{{Hinduism small}}
'''Sri Venkataramana Temple, Karkala''', also known as '''Padutirupathi''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://padutirupathi.in/|title=About the temple|publisher=Sri Venkataramana Temple|access-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> is a temple in [[Karnataka]], India. It was built by [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]]s of [[Karkala]] and was installed on 25 April 1537.

==Etymology==
This shrine lies to the west of [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]] while original shrine is in the east. The name itself signifies its meaning; Padu means 'West' in Kannada and Tirupathi means [[Tirumala]] temple.<ref name=SINN>{{cite web |last1=History |first1=Padutirupathi |title=Details |url=http://sinnahegde.blogspot.com/2009/09/padutirupathi.html |access-date=21 July 2018}}</ref>

==History and origin==
This ancient temple of Karkala, Karnataka, India was built by [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]]s of [[Karkala]]. They migrated from [[Goa]] after the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] invaded it. Since they could not suffer their tortures, they migrated to places like [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]], where they brought all their household items.<ref name=SINN />

===Original installation===
This temple has a history dating from about the 15th century when the Jain Bhairarasa Odeyars ruled Karkala and surrounding places. The Gaud Saraswat Brahmins were given land by the Jain Odeyars so that these people can lead a happy life. They also gave them lands for agriculture as these Brahmins had it as an occupation. The priests of this community namely; Joishys, Puraniks and Tantris were the main people existed in the 15th century. The exact date of the installation of this temple is still unknown as during that time, there were no written materials or documents.<ref name=SINN />

===Installation ceremony and its history===
The main attraction of this temple was its installation ceremony. The Gaud Saraswat Brahmins (GSBs) came to Karnataka in search of food and shelter. They paid a visit to all the places along the coastline. Some of them settled in Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Bhatkal, Shirali and so on. A few of them went to Kerala and settled in Ernakulam, Cochin, Manjeshwar etc. The rest went to Udupi and Dakshina Kannada (which was previously under Mysore State). These GSBs came and settled in Pandya Nagari of Jains between 1530 AD and 1550 AD (now called Karkala). They brought with them, all of their articles and household items which included the idol of Lord Venkataramana. The first GSB to enter Karkala was Soire Prabhu whose great grandson is K. Ramesh Prabhu the present trustee of the temple. They are also called the first Mokteswar of Karkala Padu Tirupathi Temple. One more family who migrated from Goa along with Prabhu's were the Soma Sharmas. He was a priest in Tirupathi Temple. Prabhus started their lives in Karkala how they used to live in Goa with all the rites and rituals. Their priests joined them.

Some of the GSBs came to this place wandering from place to place for shelter and food. They met the Jain kings, and they told them about Prabhus, Sharmas and GSB priests. They gave these people permission to stay with them. One fine day all these GSBs came to Jain King Immadi Bhairava, asking for land to build a temple for Lord Sree Venkataramana in 1550 AD. The Jain king happily gave them the land for that purpose, along with some black stones which were prevalent in the area. This shows that the Jains patronised other religions. The land which they gave to the GSBs was occupied by a lady of some Mutt (religious institution for learning Vedas and Puranas). The lady heeded to the people and Jains only one condition that

<blockquote>"There are four powerful [[Gana]]s [Lord Shiva's servants] who should be worshipped and given sacrifices of coconuts, green pumpkins, Turmeric and so on; or they would get angry. Also a yearly sacrifice should be performed so that no unholy things may happen in and around here."</blockquote>

The Gaud Saraswat Brahmins and the Jain king openly said yes to lady, and the temple was built. Initially a huge platform was built and four pillars were made to stand in the corners. Entangled coconut leaves were made as a roof. The idol was installed inside and prayed for the betterment of people. The compound wall was in its progress for building up the blocks. Soma Sharma returned to Karkala from Tirupathi with another idol of Lord Sree Venkataramana which was given to him by the Tirumala priests at the end of the 14th century. He installed this idol with the previously installed idol of Lord Venkataramana in the newly built stone platform.

During 1500 AD, some dacoits attacked Karkala and started stealing all the gold and silver ornaments and idols. Karkala GSBs got scared about these bad events. They made up their mind and took all their precious articles with the two idols and ran away. They asked the Jain kings to protect their area. The king gave them 100% moral support. Karkala GSBs reached an area called Mulki where threw all the materials they had with them in a well. In Karkala there was a huge fight between Jain rulers and the dacoits. The dacoits had to run away from Karkala since they had been defeated. As the happenings cooled down, Karkala GSBs returned to the well and tried to retrieved all the idols and articles. But they could not retrieve the idol which Soma Sharma had brought with him. They got depressed and returned to Karkala. One morning, a Mulki person was passing near the well and found something shining. He went down and tried to look at it. It was the same idol the Karkala people were searching for. He thought the Lord must have made his mind to stay in Mulki, so he took it and made a plan install it in Sree Veera Vittal Temple of Mulki established by Soira Vittal Bhat.

As soon as Karkala GSBs received this news in few days, they rushed to Mulki. But by that time Mulki people had installed it in the temple. The Karkala GSBs stayed there and slept over. That night the idol (Lord Venkataramana installed at Mulki) appeared in their dream and said

<blockquote>"You all please go to Karkala and stay there, don't get frustrated or depressed because of this event. I will come again to your place and stay there; a Saint from Tirumala Tirupati will be coming to Karkala with me. There will be Sampurna Sannidhi [meaning that the idol would be having powerful grace of Tirupathi] in me. Install it with the idol which you have at present in your temple."</blockquote>

The very next morning they met Mulki residents, told them about the dream, and went back to Karkala with a hope that Tirupathi Sreenivasa would come.

Months passed by while the GSBs waited. One day an old person arrived in Karkala with a bag on his shoulder and dressed as a hermit. He asked for a place to take rest with the Gaud Saraswat Brahmins. They gave him a small place to stay. He had some idol of Lord Vishnu which he used to take with him for a pilgrimage. That night when everyone was in deep sleep a strange dream appeared for the GSBs and the saint. Lord of Tirupathi was the main character in the dream. For GSB's the dream was, "Devotees of mine, I have come over here as I promised. The saint who came to this place has come Tirumala and the idol which he has is mine. You take the idol from him and install it but as per my instructions. During the ceremony a cow and her calf should be left for feeding after pooja. The place where the cow drops her milk after milking the calf will be my sacred place. Do all these things first and then rest leave it to me." For the saint the dream appeared as, "Oh Saint you have travelled much in your life and now its time for you to take rest in your life. I like this place very much and want to stay here for the rest of the time. The people from whom you asked the land are in need of me as I had promised them that I would come from Tirumala Tirupathi and stay in this place. So please hand over me to them." The saint agreed to Lord's wishes and very next morning went to GSB people to hand over the idol with one condition. His condition was,"Any offerings given to Lord almighty would be taken to Tirupathi occasionally and Lord would be taken to Tirupathi once a year." They agreed to hermits condition and installed the idol as per Lord's instructions. This installation was on the day 25 April 1537.

Slowly and steadily the temple got built up with its Garbha Griha (sanctum sanctorum). The whole temple got renovated in 1699–1700. Then Parivar Devas like Lord Mukyaprana, Lord Gaurda, Lord Lakshmi and Lord Ganapathi were installed after two years of renovation. The number of devotees entering this gradually increased due to the divine environment of this place.<ref name=SINN />

The temple was again renovated in the year 2017.

==Rites and rituals==
Since this temple is related to [[Tirumala]], it follows the same rituals as in [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirupathi]] Temple. In the morning at 6:00 (in some cases it is 5:30 am during Ashwija month) the temple doors are opened with Dwara Pooja and Suprabhatam. Dwara Pooja is performed for the door keepers Jaya-Vijaya (in Vishnu Loka they represent DwaraPaalakaas).

Suprabhatam is a special slokha recited to wake up the Lord from his sleeps. Then after the end Suprabhata Nirmala Visarjana (removal of old flowers and decoration of new ones to deities) is performed with Ganji Naivedyam (serving of rice and rice item foods, including Navaneetham mixture of butter, til and sugar) at about 6:30 am. At 10:00 am Panchaamrutha abhishekha is performed for the Saligrama. This abhishekha is a typical one as performed in Tirupathi. In Tirumala this is performed on Lord Venkateshwara's stone statue and to honour the same here it is performed on the Saligrama.

At noon Naivedyam is performed wherein several items are served for the Lord in a huge plate and utensil made out of copper. Once the Naivedya is over a little bit of rice is served in small utensils and is kept in front of Parivar Devas while one is offered to Sree Veeramaruthi Temple. After this Maha Puja is performed at 1:00 pm, this is called Raajopchaara Puja. The temple doors are closed after this for Vishrama Seva.

In the evening at about 6:00, temple doors are again opened with lighting of oil lamps. A special shlokha is sung called as "Deevtige Salaam Shlokham." Cassettes of bhajans are played on loudspeakers at this divine time of sunset. At 6:30 people from all over the town come to temple to sing the hymns of Lord Almighties, and this goes on until 8:00 pm.

At 8:00 again Naivedyam is offered with Mangalaarthi. Once Mangalaaarthi finishes, night Utsava is offered. This is usually an outing to the town except on Amavasya and Ekadashi. Once Utsava returns to temple there are five rounds inside; the first one is Vaadya Sutthu (instrumental), second and third is Rigveda and Yajurveda Sutthu, fourth is Sangeetha Sutthu (Yakshagana's Thaala Maddhale) and last one is Sarva Vaadya Sutthu. After the utsav ends with Vasantha Puja (Lord is given Uyaala Seva with recitals of shlokhas) deities are put to sleep which is known as Ekaantha Seva (11:30pm or on festive days depends on time taken).<ref name=SINN />

==Income and economy==
The income for this temple mainly comes from the Kaanikas (money) given as offering to the Lord by devotees. Also the temple owns houses which are currently offered on rent and few lands which are given on lease, so finances are higher through these resources. Srinivasa Kalyana Mantapa, which is one of the halls built by the temple are rented for cultural programs, weddings, [[Shivalli Brahmins|Brahmopadesham]] and the rent collected also adds to the income.
Devotees offer funds towards the temple and some of them give yearly donations while some devotees register for longtime funds.<ref name=SINN />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://padutirupathi.in/ Sri Venkataramana Temple website]
* [http://svgoshala.us.to Sri Venkataramana Goshala Trust]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170925155102/http://www.karkala.gsb.in/ a site about Sri Venkataramana Temple]
* [http://sinnahegde.blogspot.com Blog]

{{Holy temples of coastal Karnataka}}
{{Hindu temples in Karnataka}}

[[Category:16th-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Udupi district]]
[[Category:Venkateswara temples]]

Tafra Gam

2025-12-27T18:39:24Z

ClayAcosta: New Entry

{{Short description|Village in Lohit district, Arunachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tafra Gam
| other_name = Tafragram
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Arunachal Pradesh
| coordinates = {{coord|27.9789|96.2357|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lohit district|Lohit]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| subdivision_name3 = Tafra Gam
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1805
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 792001<ref>{{cite web |title=TAFRAGRAM Pin Code |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/arunachal-pradesh/lohit/tafragram-pincode-792001.html |website=news.abplive.com |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 266396
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt = Lohit district
| area_total_ha =
}}

'''Tafra Gam''' is a census village and [[Gram Panchayat]] in [[Lohit district]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Koteswar Rao |first=N |title=Pradesh, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal |last2=Rajitha |first2=G |publisher=Arise Publishers |year=2008 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=89 |language=English}}</ref> As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Tafra Gam has total population of 1,805 people, including 785 males and 1,020 females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tafra Gam Population, Village in Tezu Subdivision |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Arunachal_Pradesh/Lohit/Tezu/Tafra_Gam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618090515/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Arunachal_Pradesh/Lohit/Tezu/Tafra_Gam |url-status=usurped |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=indiagrowing.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PCA: Primary Census Abstract C.D. Block wise, Arunachal Pradesh - District Lohit - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/40938 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717200041/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/40938 |archive-date=17 July 2022 |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=India - PCA: Primary Census Abstract C.D. Block wise, Arunachal Pradesh - District Lohit - 2011 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Lohit district]]

{{ArunachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Vadia, Gujarat

2025-12-22T18:08:33Z

ClayAcosta: New New Info

{{Short description|Village in Amreli district, Gujarat, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}

'''Vadia''' or '''Wadia''' is a [[census town]] in [[Amreli district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population in India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/widgets/embed/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |access-date=2023-11-20 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref> Vadia (Vadiya) is the small sub-Taluka category town of Amreli District. Vadiya and Kunkavav is now joint Taluka of Amreli. [[Vadiya]] is becoming well-developing town because of the good Governance of Suragvala before [[British rule]]{{citation needed|date=December 2014}}. Vadia is situated 35 km.'''Tori''' is 12 km. from Vadia, south-east from [[Gondal, India|Gondal]], 25 km. east from [[Jetpur, Navagadh|Jetpur]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Amreli district}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

[[Category:Villages in Amreli district]]

{{Amreli-geo-stub}}

Papilio buddha

2025-12-21T16:55:49Z

ClayAcosta: refine details and corrected details

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{For|the Indian feature film|Papilio Buddha (film)}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Malabar Banded Peacock
| status =
| image = Papilio_buddha_Westwood,_1872_–_Malabar_Banded_Peacock_at_Peravoor_(1).jpg
| image_caption =
| taxon = Papilio buddha
| authority = [[John O. Westwood|Westwood]], 1872
| range_map = Papilio buddha map.png
}}

'''''Papilio buddha''''', the '''Malabar banded peacock''',<ref name=Smetacek/><ref name=funet/> is a species of [[swallowtail butterfly]] found in the [[Western Ghats]] of India.<ref name=Smetacek>{{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India |last1=Varshney |first1=R.K. |last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=5|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}}</ref><ref name=funet>{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/papilio/#buddha |title=''Papilio buddha'' Westwood, 1872 |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=Westwood>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofen1872roya#page/86/mode/1up|title=Transactions of the Entomological Society of London|last=Westwood|first=John O|publisher=Royal Entomological Society of London|year=1872|location=London|pages=500}}</ref>
The [[Government of Kerala]] declared it as the official [[Kerala]] state butterfly. [https://englisharchives.mathrubhumi.com/technology/science/budha-mayoori-to-be-named-kerala-s-state-butterfly-1.3305480] ''Papilio buddha'' is a threatened species and one of the species considered in a 2023 molecular phylogeny study of the ''Papilio'' genus, with the study concluding that it forms part of the Old World clade that existed around 30 million years ago in the Oligocene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Condamine |first=Fabien L. |title=A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus Papilio |journal=Systematic Entomology |year=2023 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=789–805 |doi=10.1111/syen.12578|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Description==
{{Entomology glossary hatnote}}

''P. buddha'' resembles ''[[Papilio palinurus|P. palinurus]]'' but is larger. The upperside of the wings also differ with the irroration of green scales more restricted, the outer half of the forewing except a triangular patch from the apex of wing downwards, and the outer third of the hindwing except a subterminal series of ill-formed lunules, devoid of green scales; discal transverse bands on both forewing and hindwings similar to those in ''P. palinurus'' but very much broader; the discal band of the forewing measured on the dorsum occupies considerably more than one-third of the dorsal length, while the discal band of the hindwing is as broad posteriorly as it is anteriorly (in ''P. palinurus'' it is much narrower posteriorly); the ochraceous tornal ocellus brighter, not surmounted with blue; the subapical ochraceous lunule in interspace 7 also brighter and much larger.<ref name=bing/>

The underside is similar to the underside of ''P. palinurus'', but on the hindwing the ochraceous lunules in the subterminal series is proportionately narrower and much more conspicuously bordered on their innersides with silvery white. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in ''P. palinurus''.<ref name=bing>{{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=C.T. |author-link=Charles Thomas Bingham |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma |url=https://archive.org/stream/butterflies02bingiala#page/88/mode/2up/ |volume=II |edition=1st |publisher= [[Taylor & Francis|Taylor and Francis, Ltd.]] |location=London |year=1907|pages=89–90}}}}</ref><ref name=MooreIndica>{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103503#page/81/mode/1up|title=Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VI|last=Moore|first=Frederic|author-link=Frederic Moore|publisher=Lovell Reeve and Co.|year=1903–1905|location=London|pages=69–71}}</ref>

The wingspan is 107–155 mm.{{fact|date=January 2020}}

==Life history==
The [[caterpillar]] has a shield on the thoracic segments. Green, the shield laterally and posteriorly narrowly edged with white; segments 5 to 11 with a broad white line and above it a series of minute white spots on each segment.

The pupa is curved ventrally, head cleft, the processes long and upturned, back and sides keeled; colour dark green ventrally, pale green dorsally (after Davidson and Aitken).<ref name=bing/>
<gallery caption="Life cycle">
File:Papilio buddha egg by Balakrishnan Valappil (5131270931).jpg|Egg
File:Budha Peacock caterpillar fourth instar 2010 10 02 99 13 (5131836978).jpg|Larva
File:Budha Peacock Pupa 2010 10 17 99 23 (5131836972).jpg|Chrysalis
File:Budha peacock (29973013576).jpg|Imago (dorsal view)
File:Papilionidae 2010 10 31 99 228 (5131270939).jpg|Imago (lateral view)
</gallery>

===Host plants===
The larva (caterpillar) has been recorded on ''[[Zanthoxylum rhetsa]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-04-10|title=Larval host plants of the buterfies of the Western Ghats, India|author1=Ravikanthachari Nitin|author2= V.C. Balakrishnan|author3= Paresh V. Churi|author4= S. Kalesh|author5= Satya Prakash|author6= Krushnamegh Kunte|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3104/4402|journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa|volume=10 |issue=4|pages=11495–11550|via=JoTT|doi=10.11609/jott.3104.10.4.11495-11550|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Status==
This species is locally common and not rare. It is protected in India but not known to be threatened.{{fact|date=January 2020}}

==Taxonomy==
It is a member of species group ''[[Papilio palinurus|palinurus]]''

==See also==
* [[Papilionidae]]
* [[List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)]]

==Cited references==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}

* Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 ''Schmetterlinge der Erde'', Butterflies of the world Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: ''Papilio'', Subgenus ''Achillides'', ''Bhutanitis'', ''Teinopalpus''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books {{ISBN|9783931374624}}
* {{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/7/mode/1up |year=1985 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}
* {{cite book |last1=Evans |first1=W.H. |author-link=William Harry Evans |title=The Identification of Indian Butterflies |edition=2nd |location=Mumbai, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |year=1932}}
* {{cite book |last=Gaonkar |first=Harish |author-link=Harish Gaonkar |title=Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System |publisher=Centre for Ecological Sciences |location=Bangalore, India |year=1996}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gay |first1=Thomas |last2=Kehimkar |first2=Isaac David |last3=Punetha |first3=Jagdish Chandra |title=Common Butterflies of India |series=Nature Guides |publisher= World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press |location=Bombay, India |year=1992 |isbn=978-0195631647}}
* {{cite book |last=Kunte |first=Krushnamegh |title=Butterflies of Peninsular India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cuPPjOMcu_4C |series=India, A Lifescape |location=Hyderabad, India |publisher=Universities Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-8173713545}}
* {{cite book|last=Wynter-Blyth |first=Mark Alexander |author-link=Mark Alexander Wynter-Blyth |title=Butterflies of the Indian Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEkgAQAAMAAJ |year=1957 |location=Bombay, India |publisher=[[Bombay Natural History Society]] |isbn=978-8170192329}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1595751}}

[[Category:Papilio|buddha]]
[[Category:Butterflies of Asia]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1872]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John O. Westwood]]

Subhash Singh Singam

2025-12-20T00:48:36Z

ClayAcosta: New Bio

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1990)}}
{{other|Subhash Singh (disambiguation){{!}}Subhash Singh}}
{{Western name order|Singam Subhash Singh}}
{{Meitei name|Singam|Subhash|Singh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Subhash Singh
| image = Subash.JPG
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Subhash Singh Singam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|2|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| height = {{height|m=1.74}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/squad/forward-10764-singam-subash-singh-playerprofile|title=Singam Subash Singh - Forward, Mumbai City FC - ISL Player Profile|last=www.indiansuperleague.com|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-date=11 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011173416/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/mumbai-city-fc/squad/forward-10764-singam-subash-singh-playerprofile|url-status=live}}</ref>
| currentclub = [[Sagolband United]]
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]]
| youthyears1 = 2005–2007
| youthclubs1 = Sports Authority of India Manipur
| youthyears2 = 2007
| youthclubs2 = ESU Manipur
| years1 = 2007–2009
| clubs1 = [[Air India (football club)|Air India]]
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2009–2010
| clubs2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 = 2010–2011
| clubs3 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2011
| clubs4 = → [[Pune F.C.|Pune]] (loan)
| caps4 = 15
| goals4 = 1
| years5 = 2011–2013
| clubs5 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
| caps5 = 40
| goals5 = 11
| years6 = 2013–2014
| clubs6 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
| caps6 = 21
| goals6 = 3
| years7 = 2014
| clubs7 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
| caps7 = 22
| goals7 = 1
| years8 = 2015
| clubs8 = → [[Bharat FC]] (loan)
| caps8 = 18
| goals8 = 2
| years9 = 2016
| clubs9 = → [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] (loan)
| caps9 = 1
| goals9 = 0
| years10 = 2016–2019
| clubs10 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| caps10 = 35
| goals10 = 8
| years11 = 2019–2020
| clubs11 = [[Real Kashmir F.C.|Real Kashmir]]
| caps11 = 4
| goals11 = 1
| years12 = 2020
| clubs12 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
| caps12 = 7
| goals12 = 1
| years13 = 2020–2021
| clubs13 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
| caps13 = 2
| goals13 = 0
| clubs14 = [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
| years14 = 2021–2022
| goals14 = 0
| caps14 = 1
| clubs15 = [[Sagolband United]]
| years15 = 2022–
| goals15 = 0
| caps15 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2007–2008
| nationalteam1 = [[India national under-19 football team|India U19]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2010
| nationalteam2 = [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]]
| nationalcaps2 =
| nationalgoals2 =
| pcupdate = 19:58, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
| ntupdate = 09:42, 4 February 2015 (UTC)
}}

'''Subhash Singh Singam''' ({{langx|mni|Singam Subhash Singh}}, born 2 February 1990) is an Indian professional [[association football|football]]er who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|winger]] for indian club [[Sagolband United]].

==Youth career==
Subhash had to choose between football or weight-lifting as a career option, his father preferred him to follow the latter, but his family backed him to become a footballer after impressive performances in village tournaments as a kid. He would join the Sports Authority of India at Manipur in 2005 at 15 and spend two years honing his skills before playing for ESU, a Manipuri football club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/491-subhash-singh-returns-to-mumbai-for-a-tryst-with-destiny|title=Subhash Singh returns to Mumbai for a tryst with destiny - ISL Features|first=Vinayak|last=Banerjee|website=www.indiansuperleague.com|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904013659/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/491-subhash-singh-returns-to-mumbai-for-a-tryst-with-destiny|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Senior career==
===Air India===
It was soon after his first year with his club in Manipur that his cousin [[Samson Singh (footballer)|Samson Singh]] recognizing the potential Subhash had, invited him for a trial with Air-India. The striker impressed the Pilots and was soon signed by the club for their senior team. He enjoyed great success in his two-year stint with the Mumbai-based club and even finished as second top scorer amongst Indians in his second season at the I-League club.

===East Bengal===
Subhash moved to Kolkata giants [[East Bengal]] in 2009, with whom he spent a season during which he also made his [[India national under-23 football team|India U23]] debut.

===Pune===
After a short unsuccessful 6-month spell at [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] in 2010, he was loaned out to [[Pune FC|Pune]] for the second half of the [[2010–11 I-League]]. His speed and dribbling skills added a new dimension to Pune FC’s playing style and he soon became a crowd favorite. With his loan signing proving to be a success, [[Derrick Pereira]] was quick to sign him permanently at the end of the season. Subhash repaid the faith shown in him by the Pune FC management by scoring the goals that helped the club to a top-5 finish. His on-field performances won him the "Young Player of the Year 2011-12″.

===Shillong Lajong===
In June 2013, Singh signed a one-year deal with [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]. He made his debut for Lajong in the [[I-League]] on 22 September 2013 against [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]] at the [[Duler Stadium]] in which he came on as a substitute for [[Uilliams]] in the 73rd minute as Shillong Lajong won the match 0-3.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dempo vs. Shillong Lajong 0-3|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/lajong-sc/1585276/|work=Soccerway|accessdate=27 November 2013|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305124551/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/09/22/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/lajong-sc/1585276/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Mumbai City===
In October 2014, Subhash joined [[Indian Super League]] team [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] for [[2014 Indian Super League|2014 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/491-subhash-singh-returns-to-mumbai-for-a-tryst-with-destiny|title=Subhash Singh returns to Mumbai for a tryst with destiny|date=3 October 2014|author=Vinayak Banerjee|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904013659/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/features/491-subhash-singh-returns-to-mumbai-for-a-tryst-with-destiny|url-status=live}}</ref> He scored his first goal on 18 October 2014 against [[FC Pune City]] in 5–0 win.

====Bharat FC (loan)====
Subhash signed for newly promoted I-League club [[Bharat FC]] for the 2014-2015 season on loan from [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mitra |first=Atanu |title=Bharat FC sign six players from Indian Super League |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/12/23/7332562/bharat-fc-sign-six-players-from-indian-super-league?ICID=SP |work=Goal.com |date=23 December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301144142/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2014/12/23/7332562/bharat-fc-sign-six-players-from-indian-super-league?ICID=SP |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Mohun Bagan (loan)===
In June 2015 Subhash was signed by [[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]] on loan for the [[2015–16 I-League]] season.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jitendran |first=Nikhil |title=Subash Singh: 'It's a great feeling to play for the I-League champions |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/26/13065062/subash-singh-its-a-great-feeling-to-play-for-the-i-league?ICID=SP |work=Goal.com |date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=26 June 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145204/http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/06/26/13065062/subash-singh-its-a-great-feeling-to-play-for-the-i-league?ICID=SP |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{soccerway|singam-subash-singh/72844}}
* [https://www.the-aiff.com/players/profile/60002?type=club AIFF profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Subhash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]
[[Category:Shillong Lajong FC players]]
[[Category:Pune FC players]]
[[Category:Kalyani Bharat FC players]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Mumbai City FC players]]
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant players]]
[[Category:NEROCA FC players]]
[[Category:Real Kashmir FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:India men's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:East Bengal Club players]]
[[Category:Salgaocar FC players]]
[[Category:Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players]]
[[Category:Gokulam Kerala FC players]]

Blaira rubigina

2025-12-18T04:11:13Z

ClayAcosta: Creating a info!

{{Short description|Species of amphibian}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Ghatophryne rubigina 3.jpg
| status = VU | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, M.S. Ravichandran |date=2004 |title=''Ghatophryne rubigina'' |volume=2004 |article-number=e.T54481A11139184 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54481A11139184.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>
| taxon = Blaira rubigina
| authority = ({{interlanguage link multi|Raghavan Sridharan Pillai|fr|lt=Pillai}} and Pattabiraman, 1981)
| synonyms = ''Ansonia rubigina'' Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}

'''''Blaira rubigina''''' is a species of [[toad]] in the family [[Bufonidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to the southern [[Western Ghats]], [[India]], and is known from [[Silent Valley National Park|Silent Valley]] and [[Wynaad]], both in [[Kerala]].<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /><ref name=Frost/> Its common names include '''Kerala stream toad''', '''Silent Valley torrent toad''',<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /><ref name=Frost/> and '''red torrent toad'''.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /><ref name=Frost/><ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013"/>

==Description==
These small-sized toads measure {{convert|36|-|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. No cranial ridges nor [[parotoid gland]]s are present. The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is distinct and smooth. The limbs are slender. The fingers have no webbing but have swollen tips. The toes are almost fully webbed, and the toe tips are swollen. Dorsal skin, flanks, and upper side of limbs are distinctly tuberculated; ventral skin is rough and bears spine-tipped tubercles on throat and chest and flattened tubercles on belly and underside of limbs. The [[Dorsum (anatomy)|dorsum]] is brick-red. The venter is brownish-black with vermiculations. The throat is bright orange, and there are spots of the same colour on chest, belly and underside of thighs. The flanks are brownish.<ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013"/>

==Habitat and conservation==
''Ghatophryne rubigina'' occurs in tropical evergreen forest at elevations of {{convert|1000|–|1200|m|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]]. It is associated with torrential streams and the forest floor. Breeding probably takes place in streams.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" />

The population within the [[Silent Valley National Park]] is adequately protected. Nevertheless, because the species is known from so few localities, its population status requires careful monitoring.<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" />

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Ghatophryne/Ghatophryne-rubigina |title=''Ghatophryne rubigina'' (Pillai and Pattabiraman, 1981) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2018 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Venkataraman et al. 2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Venkataraman| editor1-first= K.| editor2-last= Chattopadhyay| editor2-first= A.| editor3-last=Subramanian| editor3-first= K.A. |name-list-style=amp | date= 2013| title= Endemic Animals of India (Vertebrates) |publisher=Zoological Survey of India| location=Kolkata |pages=235+26 plates | url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301693197 }} [''Ghatophryne rubigina'': p. 71]</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q771595}}

[[Category:Blaira|rubigina]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1981]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Yadla Gopalarao

2025-12-12T11:24:42Z

ClayAcosta: New A Bio

{{Short description|Indian theatre artist (born 1950)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}

'''Yadla Gopalarao''' (born 4 May 1950) is an Indian [[theatre]] artist. He was conferred with [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian award, in arts in 2020. He is known for his role as "Nakshtraka" in {{Interlanguage link|Satya Harishchandra (play)|lt=Satya Harishchandra|te|సత్యహరిశ్చంద్రీయం|italic=yes}}. He performed in about 5,600 plays.

== Early life ==
Yadla Gopalarao was born on 4 May 1950 to Yadla Rammorthi and Lakshmamma in Mandarada village of [[Srikakulam district]], Andhra Pradesh. He was schooled in Mandarada and completed [[pre-university course]] in Government College, [[Srikakulam]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pilla |first=Tirupatirao |title=అపర నక్షత్రకుడు, ఆబాల‘గోపాల’ రంజకుడు |url=https://lit.andhrajyothy.com/vividha/apara-nakshtrakudu,-aabaala-gopala-ranjakudu-27938/ |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=[[Andhra Jyothi]] |language=te |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116133951/https://lit.andhrajyothy.com/vividha/apara-nakshtrakudu,-aabaala-gopala-ranjakudu-27938/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Career ==
Gopalarao debuted in theatre in 1964 with the social-play ''Desamkosam'' ({{Translation|For the country}}). He later performed in ''Pavala'', "''Aagandi, Konchem Aalochinchandi''", ''Pularangadu'', ''Chillarakottu Chittemma'', ''Palle Paduchu'', ''President Pattayya'', {{Interlanguage link|Ramanjaneya Yudham|te|రామాంజనేయ యుద్ధం (నాటకం)|WD=|italic=yes}}, {{Interlanguage link|Sri Krishna Tulabharam (play)|lt=Sri Krishna Tulabharam|te|శ్రీకృష్ణ తులాభారం (నాటకం)|italic=yes}}, ''Narada Garvabhangam'', {{Interlanguage link|Chintamani (play)|lt=Chintamani|te|చింతామణి (నాటకం)|italic=yes}}, ''Kurukshetram'', ''[[Gayopakhyanam]]'', ''Satya Harishchandra'' among others. His most notable work is the role "Nakshtraka" that he played in ''Satya Harishchandra'' which he played in about 3,600 performances. In total, he performed in about 5,600 plays.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2020 |title=Two from Andhra Pradesh among Padma Shri awardees |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2020/jan/26/two-from-andhra-pradesh-among-padma-shri-awardees-2094731.html |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

== Awards ==
The [[Government of India]] has conferred Rao with Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian award,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khurana |first=Suanshu |date=28 April 2022 |title=Padma Shri awardee removed from govt accommodation as eviction starts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/padma-shri-awardee-removed-from-govt-accommodation-as-eviction-starts-7890678/ |access-date=25 November 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref> in arts for the year 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2020 |title=Full list of 2020 Padma awardees |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-2020-padma-awardees/article30656841.ece |access-date=16 November 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:People from Srikakulam district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu theatre]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Vikram Sakhalkar

2025-12-12T00:10:45Z

ClayAcosta: New A Details

{{short description|Indian model and actor (born 1986)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vikram Sakhalkar
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|04|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actor, model
| years_active = 2015–present
}}

'''Vikram Sakhalkar'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31805&articlexml=Double-dose-of-entertainment-on-TV-15052017101004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529130258/http://www1.epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31805&articlexml=Double-dose-of-entertainment-on-TV-15052017101004 |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 May 2018 |title=Double dose of entertainment on TV |date=15 May 2017|newspaper=The Times of India|location=Ahmedabad|access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] film and television actor and model. Vikram was born on 23 April 1985, to a family of business background. He completed schooling in Arya Vidhya Mandir, Juhu, Mumbai, and graduation thereafter. As soon as he passed his school, his family moved to the US and he completed his college there. Currently he is unmarried.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/thankful-to-madhur-bhandarkar-for-believing-in-me-calendar-girls-actor-vikram-sakhalkar/ |title=Thankful to Madhur Bhandarkar for believing in me: 'Calendar Girls' actor Vikram Sakhalkar |publisher=indianexpress.com |access-date=1 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/i-dont-believe-in-arranged-marriage-actor-vikram-sakhalkar/articleshow/77766693.cms |title=I don't believe in arranged marriage — Vikram Sakhalkar |publisher=timesofindia.com |access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
He started his career as model, has done extensive modeling and has been featured in many advertisements like oats, gold deo, [[Britannia Industries|Brittania]] biscuits, cement, Raymonds and many more.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/user/mrvikrams85/videos|title=Vikram Sakhalkar|publisher=Vikram Sakhalkar|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>
He was part of a song, by [[Bombay Bicycle Club]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=etmFT1OQSnc|title=Bombay Bicycle Club-Feel|publisher=[[Bombay Bicycle Club]]|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>

He made his film debut as one of the leads in 2015 film ''[[Calendar Girls (2015 film)|Calendar Girls]]'' and as supporting role in 2018 film ''[[Vodka Diaries]]''.<ref name="R1">{{cite web|url=http://www.sinopsisfilmindia.com/2018/01/sinopsis-lengkap-film-vodka-diaries-2018.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419232053/http://www.sinopsisfilmindia.com/2018/01/sinopsis-lengkap-film-vodka-diaries-2018.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 April 2018 |title=Sinopsis Lengkap Film Vodka Diaries (2018) |publisher=sinopsisfilmindia.com }}</ref> His television debut was in the recurring role of Dhawal in ''[[Jamai Raja (film)|Jamai Raja]]''. Since 2017-18 he has been portraying the parallel lead role of Dr. Kabir in ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]'' television series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.starworldnews.co/vikram-sakhalkar-make-television-debut-colors-savitri-devi-college-hospital/ |title=Vikram Sakhalkar to make his television debut with COLORS' 'Savitri Devi College and Hospital' |publisher=starworldnews.co }}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!scope= "col"|Year
!scope= "col"|Film
!scope= "col"|Role
!scope= "col"|Director
!scope= "col"|Notes
!scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}}
|-
|2015
|[[Calendar Girls (2015 film)|Calendar Girls]]
|''Harsh Narang''
|[[Madhur Bhandarkar]]
|Debut
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/calender-girls-fame-vikram-sakhalkar-to-make-tv-debut-117032400932_1.html|title='{{sic|nolink=y|Calender}} Girls' fame Vikram Sakhalkar to make TV debut|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/calender-girls-fame-vikram-sakhalkar-to-make-tv-debut/articleshow/57815585.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325194624/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/calender-girls-fame-vikram-sakhalkar-to-make-tv-debut/articleshow/57815585.cms|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2017|title='{{sic|nolink=y|Calender}} Girls' fame Vikram Sakhalkar to make TV debut|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|[[Kaabil]]
|A film star
|[[Sanjay Gupta]]
|Cameo
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hollywood/2017-03-25/Vikram-Sakhalkar-to-make-debut/288861 |title=Vikram Sakhalkar to make debut |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://article.wn.com/view/2017/03/24/Calender_Girls_fame_Vikram_Sakhalkar_to_make_TV_debut/ |title='{{sic|nolink=y|Calender}} Girls' fame Vikram Sakhalkar to make TV debut |publisher=article.wn.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/kaabil/cast/ |title=Kaabil |website=article.bollywoodhungama.com}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[Vodka Diaries]]
|''Mayuk''
|[[Kushal Srivastava]]
|
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/en/vodka-diaries-movie-review-trippy-trippy-hota-hai |title=VODKA DIARIES Movie Review - Trippy Trippy Hota Hai |publisher=glamsham.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/vodka-diaries-review-makers-present-inebriated-stuff-with-some-absurdities/article_f2ee788c-fc7e-11e7-b001-0f1d5cab8b5a.html |title='Vodka Diaries' Review: Makers Present Inebriated Stuff with Some Absurdities |publisher=indiawest.com |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710133617/http://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/vodka-diaries-review-makers-present-inebriated-stuff-with-some-absurdities/article_f2ee788c-fc7e-11e7-b001-0f1d5cab8b5a.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/vodka-diaries-24935/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203254/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/vodka-diaries-24935/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=29 May 2018 |title=Vodka Diaries: Cast & Crew |publisher=cinestaan.com}}</ref><ref name="R1"/>
|}

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Year
! Shows
! Role
! Channel
! References
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Jamai Raja (2014 TV series)|Jamai Raja]]''
| Dhawal (Antagonist)
| [[Zee TV]]
| {{N/A|}}
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Savitri Devi College & Hospital]]''
| Dr. Kabir Kapoor (Parallel Male Lead)
| [[Colors TV]]
| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/news+crab-epaper-newcrb/vikram+sakhalkar+is+ready+to+make+tv+debut-newsid-65632059|title=Vikram Sakhalkar is ready to make TV debut|publisher=[[dailyhunt]]|access-date = 27 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/savitri-devi-college-and-hospital-launch/vikram-sakhalkar-photos/articleshow/58655725.cms |title=Savitri Devi College and Hospital: Launch |publisher=photogallery.indiatimes.com |access-date = 13 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/show-time/2017-04-15-171371.html?fromNewsdog=1 |title=New shows on the block |publisher=dailypioneer.com |access-date=16 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| ''[[Laal Ishq (2018 TV series)|Laal Ishq]]'' (Episode 100)
| Vihaan
| [[&TV]]
| {{N/A|}}
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin 6 ]]''
|
| [[Colors TV]]
| {{N/A|}}
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2024
|''Qaatil Haseena''
|
|[[ALTBalaji]] ||
|-
|2025
|''[[Kull: The Legacy of the Raisingghs]]''
|Abhay Mathur
|Jio Hotstar
|<ref>{{cite web|title =Kull the legacy of the raisingghs cast and crew| url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/movies/kull-the-legacy-of-the-raisingghs/cast-crew.html}}
</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7598615}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sakhalkar, Vikram}}
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Sonali Phogat

2025-10-22T19:03:08Z

ClayAcosta: New Bio

{{Notability|1=Biographies|date=August 2022}}
{{Short description|Indian politician (1979–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{infobox person
| name = Sonali Phogat
| image = Sonali phogat.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Phogat
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1979|9|21|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Haryana]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|8|23|1979|9|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Goa]], India
| spouse = Sanjay Phogat (died 2016)
| children = 1
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|[[social media personality]]}}
}}
'''Sonali Phogat''' (21 September 1979 – 23 August 2022) was an Indian politician and former social media personality. She was a leader in the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) from [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]], [[Haryana]], and was the national vice president of BJP's women's wing, [[BJP Mahila Morcha]]. She has also been credited in Hindi-language movies. In 2020, she participated in [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14|Bigg Boss 14]].

==Career==
===Politics===
Sonali Phogat became the national vice president of [[BJP Mahila Morcha]], the women's wing of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], in 2008.<ref name="so1" /> She contested Haryana Assembly elections in 2019<ref name="so7">{{cite news |title=Sonali Phogat: Arrests over India politician and former TikTok star murder |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62683694 |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=BBC News |date=26 August 2022}}</ref> as BJP candidate from the Adampur constituency Haryana Assembly election against Kuldeep Bishnoi.<ref name="so5" />

===Television===
Phogat started her professional career by anchoring in Hisar Doordarshan.<ref name="so1" /> In 2020, she competed in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 14|Big Boss 14]]'' where she was evicted in 10th place.<ref name="so5">{{cite news |title=Sonali Phogat was forcefully drugged by personal assistant, his friend: Police |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/bjps-sonali-phogat-was-forcefully-drugged-by-personal-assistant-his-friend-po-11661506339561.html |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=mint |date=26 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life ==
Sonali Phogat was born in a small village in the [[Hisar district|Hisar]] district of [[Haryana]] named Bhuthan. She was married to Sanjay Phogat who died in 2016 and has a daughter, Yashodhara Phogat.<ref name="so6">{{cite news |title=BJP leader, actress Sonali Phogat dies at 42 |url=https://www.siasat.com/bjp-leader-actress-sonali-phogat-dies-at-42-2396178/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=The Siasat Daily |date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="so1">{{cite news |title=Who was Sonali Phogat? Her career, rise to fame, and run-ins with controversies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/who-was-sonali-phogat-haryana-bjp-8106489/ |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=The Indian Express |date=23 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
Phogat died on 23 August 2022 during a trip in the state of [[Goa]].<ref name="so2">{{cite news |title=BJP leader Sonali Phogat's last rites held in Haryana |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/bjp-leader-sonali-phogats-last-rites-held-in-haryana-1139476.html |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Her family alleged that she had been murdered.<ref name="so7" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phogat, Sonali}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Haryana]]
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}

{{Authority control}}

West Bengal Lok Adalat

2025-08-17T17:14:58Z

ClayAcosta: New Data

{{Short description|Dispute resolution mechanism in India}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2022}}

{{Infobox law enforcement agency
| agencyname = West Bengal Legal Services Authority
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| chief1name = Hon’ble Chief Justice Prakash Shrivastava.<ref name="wb ref1">{{cite web |title=West Bengal State Legal Services Authority |url=https://wbslsa.bangla.gov.in/ |website=West Bengal State Legal Services Authority |access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref>
| chief1position = Chief Justice , High Court at Calcutta. Patron-in-Chief. State Legal Services Authority, West Bengal.
| parentagency =
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{{URL|https://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/loke-adalat.php}}
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}}

'''West Bengal Lok Adalat''' or West Bengal State Legal Services Authority (People's Court) is an [[statutory]] and [[autonomous]] body and an [[alternative dispute resolution]] mechanism used in the state of [[West Bengal]].The West Bengal Lok Adalat Act is designed to provide [[constitution]]al protection guaranteed under Article 14 and 39-A of the [[Constitution of India]], of “ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR ALL”. It is a legal system to resolve pending cases at Panchayat or rural places, those in a pre-litigation stage in courts are resolved amicably. It is recognised as statutory authority under the [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987|Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987]] and the [[Lok Adalat]]s award or decision are deemed to be civil court case and final and enforceable on both parties. Such an award is not appealable in any court of law in the absence of any provision. However, by approaching the court of appropriate jurisdiction, litigation can be initiated by any party in the suit if any of them are dissatisfied with the decision of the Lok Adalat (in the absence of any provision for appeal against such award.

"Section 22 B of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 provides for the establishment of Permanent Lok Adalats (PLA) for exercising jurisdiction in respect of one or more [[public utility]] services (PUS). Section 22 A of The Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 states what constitutes 'Public Utility Services' for the purpose of Permanent Lok Adalat".<ref>{{cite web|title=Permanent Lok Adalat|url=http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|publisher=Haryana State Legal Services Authority|access-date=2021-12-24|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113842/http://hslsa.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/PLA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== History and Administration ==

West Bengal Lok Adalat formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and to implement the provisions of Constitution which had been drafted to help every citizen to get justice irrespective of their economic or other limitations. The primary value laid down as per Indian Constitutional philosophy is individual dignity which forms the basis of human rights and demands on a holistic basis of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights.

West Bengal Lok Adalat is formed with objective and purpose of ensuring and providing visible, practical and positive initiatives ensuring equality and non bias decisions as laid down in Constitution of India and assumes significance due to illiteracy and poverty prevalent in India.

Lok Adalats are constituted at below levels:<ref name="Lok Ref2">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalats unclog a choked justice delivery system |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/insight/lok-adalats-unclog-a-choked-justice-delivery-system-1034264.html |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=26 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

*State Authorities.
*High Court.
*District and Taluk level.

1. Chairman.

2. Secretaries.

*Mandal Committees.
*Mediation Centres.

Types of Lok Adalat:

* Permanent Lok Adalat - Provides mechanism for adjudging cases referred under public utility services like transport, postal and telegraph.
* National Lok Adalat - Held from year 2015, every month on specific topic across India. These are held on a single day disposing off large number of pending cases.
* Mega Lok Adalat - Held across all courts in state in a single day.
* Mobile Lok Adalats - These types of Lok Adalats are organised occasionally which travel from one place to other across country occasionally and help resolving disputes.

Joyita Mondal is one of the few members from transgender community to be part of Lok Adalat in West Bengal Lok Adalat bench.<ref name="wb lok 5">{{cite news |title=From Being Forced to Beg to a WB Court's National Lok Adalat Bench - Story of a Transgender Activist |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/107922/west-bengal-lok-adalat-bench-transgender-activits-joyita-mondal/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |publisher=The Better India |date=10 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Justice Prakash Shrivastava is the Chief Justice and patron-in-chief of the West Bengal Lok Adalat.<ref name="wb ref1"/>

== Lok Adalat Committee and Complaint Procedures ==

Lok Adalat settles disputes which can be mutually resolved and mostly relating to [[Matrimonial law|matrimonial]], [[damages]] and partition suits. The following are the requirements of the cases before Lok Adalat:<ref name="Lok Ref2" />

* Lok Adalat takes up cases which are civil in nature (including marriage, and family disputes) and compoundable criminal cases.
* It accepts cases pending in regular court under their jurisdiction.
* The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement.
* The court fee paid initially in the court for the complaints/petition is refunded to the parties, as no court fee is chargeable if a matter referred in the Lok Adalat and is resolved with parties agreeing to bind by it.<ref name="wb ref2">{{cite news |last1=Bhaumik |first1=Aaratrika |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/loke-adalat.php |access-date=24 December 2021 |publisher=wbtrafficpolice.com |date=13 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="jh ref5">{{cite news |title=More than 55,000 cases, over Rs 108 cr settled at Lok Adalat |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/more-than-55-000-cases--over-rs-108-cr-settled-at-lok-adalat.html |access-date=24 December 2021 |publisher=The Pioneer |date=12 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* Procedural laws and the [[Indian Evidence Act|Evidence Act]] are not strictly followed while assessing claims.
* Decisions are binding on the parties and its order is capable of execution through legal process.

The following types of cases can be admitted in Lok Adalat.<ref name="Lok Ref1">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans-Classroom/2018-04-25/Lok-Adalat/376372?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=thehansindia.com |date=25 April 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

1. Any dispute or case pending in any court of law in India.

* Criminal offences which are compoundable.
* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Issues relating to recovery of money.
* Issues under Indian Motor Vehicles Act,1988.<ref name="wb ref4">{{cite news |title=First online Lok Adalat in West Bengal on Aug 22 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/first-online-lok-adalat-in-west-bengal-on-aug-22/1919748 |access-date=24 December 2021 |publisher=outlookindia.com |date=20 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* Issues relating to Matrimony.

2. Any dispute to be planned to filed in Court but did not come up for hearing in front of it. Following Pre-Litigation cases can also be filed in Lok-Adalat.

* Cases under section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act.
* Cases relating to recovery of money.
* Issues relating to labour disputes.
* Issues relating to public utility bills like electricity, water etc excluding Non Compoundable offences.
* General Maintenance related disputes.
* Other Miscellaneous cases which are civil disputes, criminal compoundable cases and matrimonial disputes.

However, any legal issue which is not compoundable as per the Indian Legal Systems cannot be taken up in the Lok Adalat.

As the members are presiding Lok Adalat as statutory conciliators and not in judicial capacity they can only persuade the parties to come to a settlement. Sometimes counselling sessions are also held between opposing parties.

The main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute agree for settlement and if they are unable to do so, it is referred to the Permanent Lok Adalat for deciding the case provided the case is not related to compoundable offence.

West Bengal Lok Adalat, as per Supreme Court judgement, is formed to arrive at a compromise or solution between parties in dispute and hence does not have jurisdiction to go into merits of complaint.<ref name="and lok ref15">{{cite news |title=Lok Adalat can't decide cases on merits|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/lok-adalat-cant-decide-cases-on-merits-sc-1041603.html |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=deccanherald.com |date=18 October 2021}}</ref>

== Details of cases Resolved ==

1. West Bengal Lok Adalat organised Lok Adalat in September 2021 resolving more than 10,000 cases.<ref name="wb ref3">{{cite news |title=National Lok Adalat organized in West Bengal; Record More Than 10K Cases Decided |url=https://lawtrend.in/national-lok-adalat-organized-in-west-bengal-record-more-than-10k-cases-decided/ |access-date=24 December 2021 |publisher=Law Trend |date=13 September 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008]]
* [[Legal Services Authorities Act 1987]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://wbslsa.bangla.gov.in/ Official Website]

{{Lok Adalat}}


[[Category:Dispute resolution]]
[[Category:Law of India]]
[[Category:Lok Adalat]]