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Pavithram (TV series)

2026-05-06T06:57:18Z

ClairBoone: made a pg more to come

{{Short description|Indian Malayalam-language TV series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Pavithram_Malayalam_Serial.jpeg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Thriller (genre)|Thriller]]
| creator =
| based_on = [[Khelaghor]]
| developer =
| writer =
| screenplay = Ficsmith Creatives
| director = [[Sunil Kariattukara]]
| presenter =
| starring = [[Surabhi Santosh]] Sreekanth Sasikumar
| narrator =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 368 
| executive_producer =
| producer = Peter Sundar Dhas {{small|(2024—2026)}} P. Ramadevi {{small|(2026 — present)}}
| editor = Vishnu Pradeep Aby D. Varghese
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = The Alive Media {{small|(2024 — 2026)}} Green TV {{small|(2026 — present)}}
| first_aired = {{Start date|2024|12|16|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| list_episodes =
| network = {{plainlist |
* [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
* [[JioHotstar]]
}}
| composer =
| native_name =
| theme_music_composer =
| open_theme =
| end_theme =
| related = ''[[Khelaghor]]''
}}

'''''Pavithram''''' ({{Translation|Sacred}}) is an Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Romantic film|romantic]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television [[soap opera]] directed by [[Sunil Kariattukara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet to premiere new drama series 'Pavithram' |url=https://www.afaqs.com/companies/asianet-to-premiere-new-drama-series-pavithram-8431999 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Afaqs}}</ref> It is an official remake of Bengali soap opera ''[[Khelaghor]]''. It stars [[Surabhi Santosh]] and Sreekanth Sasikumar as lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-01-08 |title=Pavithram actress Surabhi Santosh: I was told doing serials would diminish my value, but the recognition I'm receiving now is invaluable |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pavithram-actress-surabhi-santosh-i-was-told-doing-serials-would-diminish-my-value-but-the-recognition-im-receiving-now-is-invaluable/articleshow/117027058.cms |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The show premiered on 16 December 2024 on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Pavithram Malayalam Television Serial On Asianet, Star Cast |url=https://www.keralatv.in/star-cast-of-pavithram-serial-on-asianet/?amp |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Kerala TV}}</ref> The title song for the series is sung by [[K.S Chithra]] and Anusree.<ref name=.1>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-11 |title=KS Chithra croons title song for new Malayalam serial 'Pavithram'; show premieres on December 16 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/ks-chithra-croons-title-song-for-new-malayalam-serial-pavithram-show-premieres-on-december-16/articleshow/116215427.cms |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The series revolves around Vedha, a woman deeply entrenched in traditional and religious values, whose life takes an unexpected turn when she is forcibly married to Vikram, a man with a controversial past, through the act of tying the [[Mangalasutra|thali]]. The narrative explores the ensuing dynamics of their forced marriage, focusing on themes of faith, morality, and potential redemption. The storyline centers on Vedha's struggle to maintain her principles in the face of her altered circumstances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asianet new serial pavithram: അവൾ വരുന്നു, വേദ; ഏഷ്യാനെറ്റിന്റെ പുതിയ പരമ്പര 'പവിത്രം' ഡിസംബർ 16 മുതൽ |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/spice-entertainment/asianet-new-serial-pavithram-telecasting-on-december-16th-2024-sodcw5 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Asianet News |language=ml}}</ref>

==Cast==
;Main
* [[Surabhi Santhosh]] as Vedha<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-16 |title=ദൈവ വിശ്വാസം കൂടുതലാണ്, കല്യാണം നടന്നതും അങ്ങനെ! ബോളിവുഡ് ഗായകനുമായുള്ള വിവാഹം; പവിത്രത്തിലെ വേദ ചില്ലറക്കാരിയല്ല, സുരഭി ആരാണ്?|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/know-more-about-pavithram-serial-actress-surabhi-santhosh/articleshow/117286030.cms |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Samayam |language=ml}}</ref>
* Sreekanth Sasikumar as Vikram

;Recurring
* Nayana Josan as Radha<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-19 |title=Pavithram actress Nayana Josan ties the knot with long-time BFF Gokul |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/pavithram-actress-nayana-josan-ties-the-knot-with-long-time-bff-gokul/articleshow/121266615.cms |access-date=2025-11-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-23 |title=50 എപ്പിസോഡുകൾ പിന്നിട്ട് 'പവിത്രം'; സന്തോഷം പങ്കുവെച്ച് നയന|url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/nayana-josan-shares-her-joy-of-serial-pavithram-completes-50-episodes-ss47x4 |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Asianet News |language=ml}}</ref>
*[[Anila Sreekumar]] as Kamala, Vikram's mother
*V.K.Baiju as Sudhakaran, Vikram's father
*[[M.G. Sasi]] as Sreekaryam Srinivasan
*[[Kalamandalam Radhika]] as Ammini Achamma
*[[Reena (actress)|Reena]] as Savithri amma, Vedha's grandmother
*Vinay Menon as Justice Shankaranarayanan, Vedha's father
*Meera Mahesh as Deepthi
*Bibin Nair as Adv. Darshan
*Santosh Sasidharan as Vishwan
*Shivakami as Shreeja
*Kiran Sariga as Vinayakan
*Anu Pillai as Nandhini
*Simi Thomas
*Aleena Treesa George as Varsha<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-11 |title=പവിത്രം സീരിയലില്‍ നിന്ന് നടി പിന്മാറുന്നു, ഇത് എന്റെ അവസാനത്തെ ഷെഡ്യൂള്‍ ആണെന്ന് അലീന ട്രീസ, എന്താണ് കാരണം?|url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/tv/celebrity-news/aleena-treesa-george-withdraws-from-the-serial-pavithram/articleshow/117258496.cms |access-date=2025-02-24 |work=Samayam |language=ml}}</ref>
*Maya Krishna as Malathi
*Prabha Shankar
*Alif Shah as Sreekanth
*Benny Verghese as S.I.Babu
*Vijaya Krishnan as Aniyankuttan
*K.P.A.C Rajendran (2025, deceased) as Aniyankuttan's father
*Ajay Kallayi as Joseph
*Pavithran
*Shyam Gangotri
*Anu Lakshmi

==Reception==
Following table is the [[Target Rating Point|TRP]] performance of ''Pavithram'' according to the [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC)]] ratings.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Month / Period !! Rank !! Ref
|-
| December 2024 || 5 ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chempaneerpoovu dominates 2024 ratings; Pavithram enters top 5|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneerpoovu-dominates-2024-ratings-pavithram-enters-top-5/articleshow/116711508.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 December 2024}}</ref>
|-
| April 2025 || 3 ||<ref>{{cite web|title='Patharamattu' rules the rating charts; 'Teacheramma' enters top 5|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/patharamattu-rules-the-rating-charts-teacheramma-enters-top-5/articleshow/120590421.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=10 June 2025|date=24 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
| May 2025 || 4 ||<ref>{{cite web|title='Chempaneer Poovu' tops Malayalam TV ratings; 'Teacheramma' climbs to third spot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-tops-malayalam-tv-ratings-teacheramma-climbs-to-third-spot/articleshow/121513482.cms|website=The Times of India|access-date=10 June 2025|date=30 May 2025}}</ref>
|-
| July 2025 || 4|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/week-29-all-malayalam-tv-serials-rating/|title=Week 29, All Malayalam TV Serials and Shows Latest TRP Rating Report – Chempaneer Poovu, Patharamattu|date=1 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
| September 2025 || 4 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Chempaneer Poovu continues to reign as the most-watched Malayalam TV show; 'Mazha Thorum Munpe' climbs to third spot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-continues-to-reign-as-the-most-watched-malayalam-tv-show-mazha-thorum-munpe-climbs-to-third-spot/articleshow/124125433.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
| October 2025 || 5 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiantvinfo.com/all-malayalam-serials-latest-trp-week-41/|title=All Malayalam Serials Latest TRP reports, Find the Most Popular Television Shows – Week 41 Data|date=28 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
| November 2025 || 5 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/week-45-all-malayalam-television-serials-trp/|title=All Malayalam Television Serials Latest TRP reports, Barc Week 45 Data of Asianet, Zee Keralam|date=21 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
| January 2026 || 5 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Chempaneerpoovu tops the rating charts, Kattathe Kilikkoodu in second place|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneerpoovu-tops-the-rating-charts-kattathe-kilikkoodu-in-second-place/articleshow/127799200.cms |website=The Times of India |date=30 January 2026 |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| February 2026 || 5 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Chempaneer Poovu leads the rating charts; Patharamattu slips to fourth place.|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-leads-the-rating-charts-patharamattu-slips-to-fourth-place-/articleshow/127927429.cms |website=The Times of India |date=5 February 2026 |access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref>
|-
| March 2026 || 5 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Chempaneer Poovu regains the number one spot, Kattathe Kilikoodu in second place|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-regains-the-number-one-spot-kattathe-kilikoodu-in-second-place/articleshow/129562226.cms |website=The Times of India |date=13 March 2026 |access-date=21 March 2026}}</ref>
|-
| April 2026 || 4 ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Chempaneer Poovu rules the rating charts; Mazha Thorum Munpe slips to the fifth spot|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chempaneer-poovu-rules-the-rating-charts-mazha-thorum-munpe-slips-to-the-fifth-spot/articleshow/130001294.cms |website=The Times of India |date=3 April 2026 |access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref>
|}

==Music==
''Rachillamel Chayunnitha'', with lyrics by K. Gireesh Kumar and music by Gokul Sreekandan, is the title song of the series. It is performed by [[K.S Chithra]] and Anusree Anilkumar.<ref name=.1 /> Another song, ''Premakashame'' features lyrics by K. Gireesh Kumar, music composed by Midhun Malayalam and vocals by Sreerag and Anusree Anilkumar; It released on [[Valentine's Day]] 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-13 |title=വിക്രം-വേദ പ്രണയഗാനം ഇതാ; പ്രണയദിനത്തില്‍ പ്രേക്ഷകർക്ക് സമ്മാനം |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/love-song-from-the-popular-serial-pavithram-featuring-the-vikram-veda-pair-srmkr5 |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=Asianet News |language=ml}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Rachillamel Chayunnitha
| lyrics1 = K. Gireesh Kumar
| music1 = Gokul Sreekandan
| extra1 = [[K.S Chithra]], Anusree Anilkumar
| length1 = 3:07
| title2 = Premakashame
| lyrics2 = K. Gireesh Kumar
| music2 = Midhun Malayalam
| extra2 = Sreerag, Anusree Anilkumar
| length2 = 3:37
}}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Award
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Recipient(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| Ref.
|-
| rowspan="15"|2026
| rowspan="15"|[[Asianet Television Awards]]
| Best Serial
| rowspan="2"|
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="15"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2026/asianet-television-awards-2026-winners-list-who-won-best-actor-actress-serial-couple-award-at-at-506927.html|title=Asianet Television Awards 2026 Winners List: Who Won Best Actor, Actress, Serial, Couple Award At ATA 2026?|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.keralatv.in/asianet-television-awards-2026-nominations-list/|title=Asianet Television Awards 2026 Categories and Nominations List – Online Voting Started Now|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Popular Serial
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Actor (Special Jury)
| rowspan="2"| Sreekanth Sasikumar
| {{win}}
|-
| Popular Actor
|{{win}}
|-
| Popular Actress
| [[Surabhi Santhosh]]
| {{win}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actor
|Rowspan=2|V K Baiju
| {{win}}
|-
| Popular Character Actor
|{{win}}
|-
| Best Supporting Actress
|Rowspan=2|[[Anila Sreekumar]]
| {{win}}
|-
| Popular Character Actress
| {{nom}}
|-
| Popular Star Pair
|Sreekanth Sasikumar, [[Surabhi Santhosh]]
|{{win}}
|-
| Best Director
|Rowspan =2|[[Sunil Kariattukara]]
| {{win}}
|-
|Popular Director
|{{nom}}
|-
| Best Screenplay (Adapted)
| K Gireesh Kumar
| {{win}}
|-
| Best Videography
| Priyadarshan PS
| {{win}}
|-
| Best Editor
|Vishnu Pradeep
| {{win}}
|}

==Adaptations==
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:10%;"| Language
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:25%;"| Title
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:20%;"| Original release
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:35%;"| Network(s)
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:30%;"| Last aired
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:15%;"| Notes
! style="background:#87CEEB; width:15%;"| Ref.
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| ''[[Khelaghor]]'' খেলাঘর
| 30 November 2020
| [[Star Jalsha]]
| 4 September 2022
| Original
|
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| ''[[Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum]]'' தென்றல் வந்து என்னை தொடும்
| 16 August 2021
| [[Star Vijay]]
| 11 February 2023
| Rowspan=5| Remake
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamil TV show 'Thendral Vandhu Ennai Thodum' to go off-air|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/tamil-tv-show-thendral-vandhu-ennai-thodum-to-go-off-air-soon/articleshow/105066202.cms|website=The Times of India|date=8 November 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| ''[[Neenadena]]'' ನೀನಾದೇನಾ
| 16 May 2023
| [[Star Suvarna]]
| 29 June 2025
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Serial 'Neenadena' to premiere today|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/neenadena-to-premiere-today-heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-show/articleshow/100265956.cms/|website=Times of India|date=16 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| ''Pavithram'' പവിത്രം
| rowspan="2"| 16 December 2024
| [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]
| Ongoing
|
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| ''Nuvvunte Naa Jathaga'' నువ్వుంటే నా జాతగా
| [[Star Maa]]
| 21 February 2026
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Star Maa New Serial: స్టార్ మాలో సరికొత్త సీరియల్.. బిగ్ బాస్ టైమ్‌లోనే టెలికాస్ట్.. ఎప్పటి నుంచంటే?|url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/star-maa-new-serial-nuvvunte-naa-jathaga-bigg-boss-fame-arjun-kalyan-serial-starting-from-16th-december-121733990780564.html|website=Hindustan Times|language=te|date=12 December 2024}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/pavithram/1271374082 Pavithram] at [[JioHotstar]]
*{{IMDb title|36205747}}

{{Asianet programs}}

[[Category:Asianet (TV channel) original programming]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television shows]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language television series based on Bengali-language television series]]

Suni (director)

2026-05-05T08:53:26Z

ClairBoone:

{{Short description|Indian film director, producer, screenwriter, lyricist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Suni
| image = Simple Suni.jpg
| caption = Suni in 2014
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername = Simple Suni
| yearsactive = 2008–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Film director|producer|screenwriter|lyricist}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Soundarya Gowda|2017}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ill-plan-my-wifes-next-birthday-at-wonder-la-says-director-simple-suni-in-a-funny-birthday-note/articleshow/82327149.cms|title="I'll plan my wife's next birthday at Wonder La," says director Simple Suni in a funny birthday note|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 April 2021}}</ref>
| children = 
}}
'''Sunil Kumar''' known by his [[Stage name|screen name]] '''Simple''' '''Suni''', is an Indian film [[Film director|director]], [[Film producer|producer]], [[screenwriter]] and [[lyricist]] who works in [[Kannada cinema]]. He made his debut with the critically and commercially successful 2013 film ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ashoka M. K.|title=From soppu to Sandalwood|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-from-soppu-to-sandalwood-1814616|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=23 March 2013|access-date=11 July 2015}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== As director ===
Suni kick started his career with ''[[Janumada Gelathi]]'', where he worked as an assistant director under [[Dinesh Baboo]]. Simultaneously working for ''Januma Janumadallu'', under Prema, he later went on to become an associate director for Dinesh Baboo in ''[[School Master (2010 film)|School Master]]'' and other films. Subsequently, focus shifted to a few short films, but when he decided to go independent, what came his way was ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]''. When producers expected him to cut down budgets with each script, a few friends Pawan Sagar and Suni decided to go independent and invested their own money and made ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]'' on a budget of approximately {{INR}}30 to 40 lakhs.

He went on to produce the movie ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]''. However, after its dismal performance at the box office, he returned to directing with ''[[Bahuparak]]''. It was again in 2017 that he directed ''[[Operation Alamelamma]]'' starring debutant [[Rishi (Kannada actor)|Rishi]] and [[Shraddha Srinath]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Operation Alamelamma Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/operation-alamelamma/movie-review/59693532.cms |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His next was with [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] and [[Rashmika Mandanna]] titled [[Chamak (film)|''Chamak'']] which was an instant hit among audience for its quirky take on modern relationships.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ChamakUA |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-details/chamak/movieshow/61933137.cms |access-date=2024-01-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He then introduced [[Dhanveer Gowda]] in ''Bazaar'' which was a decent hit at the box office. He once again teamed with [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] for ''Sakath'' which was also a decent hit at the box office.

He then collaborated with [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] and [[Ashika Ranganath]] for ''[[Avatara Purusha (2022 film)|Avatara Purusha]]'' to be released in two parts under [[Pushkar Films]] banner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2022-05-02 |title='Avatara Purusha will be a refreshing change for the audience' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/May/02/avatara-purusha-will-be-a-refreshing-change-for-the-audience-2448643.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Made under a considerably huge budget the movie opened to positive reviews but did not fetch the desired results at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharan's Avatara Purusha 2 not shelved; in post-production, says director Suni |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sharans-avatara-purusha-2-not-shelved-in-post-production-says-director-suni/a450126ed9596 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> With a small setback on the release of the Second installment of [[Avatara Purusha (2022 film)|Avatara Purusha]], he announced a couple of movies over the months, starting with ''Robinhood'' starring debutant Dushyanth which was later halted and Introduced Dushyanth with another movie ''Gathavaibhava'' alongside [[Ashika Ranganath|Ashika Rangnath]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashika Ranganath to romance newbie Dushyanth in Suni's next, Gatha Vaibhava |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ashika-ranganath-to-romance-newbie-dushyanth-in-sunis-next-gatha-vaibhava/a333053512118 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2022-02-08 |title=Suni puts Robin hood on hold, opts to do a fun film with debutant Dushyanth |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Feb/08/suni-puts-robin-hood-on-hold-opts-to-do-a-fun-film-with-debutantdushyanth-2416554.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Then he announced ''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]'' with [[Vinay Rajkumar]], [[Mallika Singh]] and [[Swathishta]], with the latter two making [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] Debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RadhaKrishn fame Mallika Singh is a Kashmiri in her Kannada film debut, Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/radhakrishn-fame-mallika-singh-is-a-kashmiri-in-her-kannada-film-debut-ondu-sarala-prema-kathe/88e09b3d3b837 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> OSPK opened to positive reviews and was a commercially successful venture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kodur |first=Swaroop |date=2024-02-09 |title=Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe review: A fun, light-hearted entertainer |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/ondu-sarala-prema-kathe-review-a-fun-light-hearted-entertainer |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe review: Suni serves largely delightful fun watch rom-com |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/ondu-sarala-prema-kathe-review-suni-serves-a-largely-delightful-rom-com-that-makes-for-a-fun-watch/a83e292f79510 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> He had his next release ''[[Avatara Purusha 2|Avatara Purusha Part 2]]'' within 2 months of his previous release and received mixed reviews at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2024-04-06 |title=Movie review: 'Avatara Purusha 2' leaves you stranded in the world of trishanku, wanting more |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Apr/06/movie-review-avatara-purusha-2-leaves-you-stranded-in-the-world-of-trishanku-wanting-more |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-05 |title=Avatara Purusha 2 Review: This Black Magic Drama Fails To Cast A Spell! |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/avatara-purusha-2-review-this-black-magic-drama-fails-to-cast-a-spell-review-109052461 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

His next release in 2025 was the fantasy epic drama film, ''[[Gatha Vaibhava]]'' starring debutant Dushyanth and [[Ashika Ranganath]]. He is also yet to start ''The Story of Raygada'' which is one of his most awaited work and marks his third collaboration with [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]].

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
===As a film director===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Suni credits as a director
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Simple Agi Ondh Love Story]]'' || Nominated—[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} ||
|-
|2014
|''[[Bahuparak]]'' || ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Simpallag Innondh Love Story]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017 || ''[[Operation Alamelamma]]''|| ||
|-
|''[[Chamak (film)|Chamak]]''||Nominated—[[SIIMA Award for Best Director – Kannada]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}} ||
|-
| rowspan="1" |2019
| [[Bazaar (2019 film)|''Bazaar'']]
|
|
|-
|2021
|''[[Sakath]]'' || ||
|-
|2022
|''[[Avatara Purusha (2022 film)|Avatara Purusha]]''|| || <ref>{{cite news |title=Sharan-Suni's Avatara Purusha release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/04/sharan-sunisavatara-purusha-release-date-announced-27648.html |access-date=21 November 2021 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=4 November 2021 |language=en |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104111653/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2021/nov/04/sharan-sunisavatara-purusha-release-date-announced-27648.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|''[[Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-01-04 |title=Suni's Ondu Sarala Prema Kathe locks release date |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Jan/04/sunis-ondu-sarala-prema-kathe-locks-release-date-2647599.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Avatara Purusha 2]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharan's Avatara Purusha 2 not shelved; in post-production, says director Suni |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sharans-avatara-purusha-2-not-shelved-in-post-production-says-director-suni/a450126ed9596 |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Gatha Vaibhava]]''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-14 |title=On His 35th Birthday, Simple Suni Chooses Shooting Over Celebrations |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/on-his-35th-birthday-simple-suni-chooses-shooting-over-celebrations-6166291.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2026
|{{pending film|Moda Kavida Vathavarana}}
|Filming
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Simple Suni's next, Moda Kavida Vathavarana, locks release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2026/Mar/29/simple-sunis-next-moda-kavida-vathavarana-locks-release-date |access-date=30 March 2026 |work=Cinema Express |date=29 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
|{{pending film|Devaru Ruju Madidanu}}
|Delayed
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Suni introduces Keerthi Krishna and Divita Rai in Veeraaj starrer Devaru Ruju Madidanu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Oct/19/suni-introduces-keerthi-krishna-and-divita-rai-in-veeraaj-starrer-devaru-ruju-madidanu |access-date=30 December 2025 |work=The New Indian Express |date=19 October 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{TBA}}
| {{pending film|The Story of Raygada}}|| Delayed || <ref>{{cite news |title=Director Suni's third film with Ganesh, The Story of Rayagada, to go on floors in November |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/director-sunis-third-film-with-ganesh-the-story-of-rayagada-to-go-on-floors-in-november/e6af1fbe3a123 |access-date=30 December 2025 |work=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Other crew positions ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Suni other credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Producer
! scope="col" | Writer
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Ulidavaru Kandanthe]]''|| {{yes}} || {{no}} || Nominated, [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada]]{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Chowka]]'' || {{no}} ||{{partial|Dialogues}}||
|-
|''[[Happy New Year (2017 film)|Happy New Year]]''|| {{no}} ||{{partial|Dialogues}}||
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|5756213}}

{{Suni (director)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Indian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Musicians from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Film directors from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Kannada screenwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male musicians]]

Bhojpur district, India

2026-04-26T14:45:59Z

ClairBoone: Starting first place initial version

{{Short description|District in Bihar, India}}
{{Distinguish|text=[[Bhojpuri region]], a larger linguistic area}}
{{For|the Nepali district with same name|Bhojpur District, Nepal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Bhojpur district
| name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District]] of [[Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| image_skyline = Arrah- Chhapra Bridge, Ara (Bihar).jpeg
| image_caption = [[Arrah–Chhapra Bridge]]
| image_map = Bihar district location map Bhojpur.svg
| map_caption = Location of Bhojpur district in Bihar
| image_map1 =
| map_caption1 =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|46|N|84|52|E}}
| coor_pinpoint = Arrah
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patna division|Patna]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1972
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Arrah]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{hlist|title=List (14)
|1=[[Agiaon]]|2=[[Arrah]]|3=[[Barhara]]|4=[[Behea]]|5=[[Charpokhari]]|6=[[Garhani]]|7=[[Jagdishpur]]|8=[[Koilwar]]|9=[[Piro, Bhojpur|Piro]]|10=[[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar]]|11=[[Sandesh, Bihar|Sandesh]]|12=[[Shahpur, Bihar|Shahpur]]|13=[[Tarari, Bihar|Tarari]]|14=[[Udwantnagar|Udwant Nagar]]}}
| area_total_km2 = 2395
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2728407
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 72.79%
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = Tanai Sultania, I.A.S.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bhojpur.nic.in/|title=District Bhojpur, Government of Bihar | India | India}}</ref>
| leader_title1 = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Arrah Lok Sabha constituency|Arrah]]
| leader_title2 = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = {{hlist|title=7 seats|1=[[Sandesh Assembly constituency|Sandesh]]|2=[[Barhara Assembly constituency|Barhara]]|3=[[Arrah Assembly constituency|Arrah]]|4=[[Agiaon Assembly constituency|Agiaon (SC)]]|5=[[Tarari Assembly constituency|Tarari]]|6=[[Jagdishpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Jagdishpur]]|7=[[Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Shahpur]]}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 802301,802302,802312,802313 (Bhojpur)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiapincodes.net/Bihar/Bhojpur/|title=Pin Codes of Bhojpur, Bihar, India, Bhojpur Pincode Search|website=indiapincodes.net}}</ref>
| registration_plate = BR-03
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 922 (India)|NH-922]]
| website = {{URL|https://bhojpur.nic.in}}
}}

'''Bhojpur district''' is one of the 38 districts of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. [[Arrah]] city (also known as Ara) is the administrative headquarters of this district. Bhojpur district came into existence in 1972. Earlier it was the part of [[Shahabad district]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCZFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT289|title = Mapping Bihar: From Medieval to Modern Times|isbn = 9781351034166|last1 = Gopal|first1 = Surendra|date = 22 December 2017| publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVA0JAzQJkYC|title=Popular Literature and Pre-modern Societies in South Asia|isbn=9788131713587|last1=Singh|first1=Surinder|last2=Gaur|first2=I. D.|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education India }}</ref>

In the year 1972, Shahabad district was bifurcated in two parts namely Bhojpur and [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]. [[Buxar]] was a subdivision of old Bhojpur district then. In 1992, Buxar became a separate district and presently the rest of Bhojpur district has now three sub-divisions – [[Arrah|Ara]] Sadar, [[Jagdishpur]] and [[Piro, Bhojpur|Piro]]. It shares its border with [[Uttar Pradesh]] in the north west.

==Geography==

Bhojpur district occupies an area of {{convert|2395|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | editor = Srivastava, Dayawanti | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref>

It is located (the headquarter Arrah) at a longitude of 83° 45' to 84° 45' East and the latitude is 25° 10' to 25° 40' North and is situated at a height of 193 meters above sea level.<ref>{{cite web|title=About District {{!}} Welcome To Bhojpur District {{!}} India|url=https://bhojpur.nic.in/about-district/|access-date=2020-07-02|language=en-US}}</ref>

==History==

Till 1972, Bhojpur was part of old [[Shahabad district]]. The present district of Bhojpur came into existence in 1972, when Shahabad district was bifurcated in two parts namely Bhojpur and [[Rohtas district|Rohtas]]. From 1972 to 1991, Buxar was a sub-division of Bhojpur district only. Later on 17 March 1991 [[Buxar district]] got separated from Bhojpur district. Bhojpur falls under [[Patna division]].

==Economy==

In 2006 the Indian government named Bhojpur one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

== Climate ==
The climate of the district is of moderately extreme type. The summers are hot and the winter are cool. Most of the rain that the district receives is from the South- West monsoon, during July and August. Winters are quite dry and light showers may take place during the Rabi crop.

==Demographics==

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=6,41,566|13=1911|14=6,09,751|15=1921|16=5,93,796|17=1931|18=6,52,468|19=1941|20=7,62,131|21=1951|22=8,79,888|23=1961|24=10,21,109|25=1971|26=12,30,052|27=1981|28=14,90,714|29=1991|30=17,92,771|31=2001|32=22,43,144|33=2011|34=27,28,407|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Table A-02 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43343/download/47022/10%20A-2%20Bihar.pdf |website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|align=center}}

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Bhojpur district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11366/download/14479/DDW10C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|92.30}}
{{bar percent|[[Bihari Muslims|Islam]]|green|7.25}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.45}}
}}

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Bhojpur district, Bihar has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,728,407,<ref name=districtcensus>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Bhojpur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/260/download/690/DH_2011_1029_PART_A_DCHB_BHOJPUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Kuwait]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004507/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 13 June 2007 | access-date =1 October 2011 | quote = Kuwait 2,595,62
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Nevada]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011
|quote=Nevada 2,700,551
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=19 October 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 145th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|1136|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 21.27%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Bhojpur has a [[sex ratio]] of 907 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.79%. 14.29% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.59% and 0.51% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

===Languages===

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages in Bhojpur district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] |value1 = 92.06 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 5.23 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Urdu]] |value3 = 2.50 |color3 = green
|color4=grey|value4=0.21|label4=Other}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 92.06% of the population in the district spoke [[Bhojpuri Language|Bhojpuri]], 5.23% [[Hindi]] and 2.50% [[Urdu]] as their first language. Bhojpuri is considered a Hindi dialect in the census, so in census data its speakers are categorized as speaking Hindi.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Bihar |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10196/download/13308/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1000.XLSX|website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

Languages include [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], a language with almost 2,000,000 speakers, according to the study of 'Times of India Daily' written in both the [[Devanagari]] and [[Kaithi]] scripts,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bhojpuri: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bho | access-date =30 September 2011 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].

==Administration==
The Bhojpur district (headquartered at Arrah) is headed by an IAS officer of the rank of [[District Magistrate]] (DM).

The district has got 1209 villages under 228 [[Gram Panchayat]]s, 34 territorial police stations<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bhojpurpolice.bihar.gov.in/policeStation |title=List of police stations in Bhojpur District, India |work=Bihar Police |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> and 1 municipality, Arrah, which has now become a [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Babu Veer Kunwar Singh Babu Veer Kunwar Singh |url=https://bhojpur.nic.in/ |title=Welcome To Bhojpur District | India |publisher=Bhojpur.nic.in |date= |access-date=2022-05-07}}</ref>

===Tehsils===
Bhojpur district comprises three tehsils or Sub-divisions, each headed by a [[Sub-Divisional Magistrate]] (SDM):
#[[Arrah|Arrah Sadar]]
#[[Jagdishpur]]
#[[Piro, Bhojpur|Piro]]

===Blocks===
These Tehsils are further divided into 14 [[Community development block|Block]]s, each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO)<ref>[https://bhojpur.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ Bhojpur District, Bihar].</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
#Arrah
#[[Agiaon]]
#[[Barhara]]
#[[Bihiya]]
#[[Charpokhari]]
#[[Garhani]]
#Jagdispur
#[[Koilwar]]
#Piro
#[[Udwantnagar]]
#[[Sahar, Bihar|Sahar]]
#[[Sandesh, Bihar|Sandesh]]
#[[Shahpur, Bihar|Shahpur]]
#[[Tarari, Bihar|Tarari]]
{{div col end}}

== Politics ==

{{transcluded section|source=18th Bihar Assembly}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:18th Bihar Assembly|Bhojpur District, Bihar}}
|}

==Education==
'''Colleges'''

* [[Veer Kunwar Singh University]]
* [[Harprasad Das Jain College]]
* [[Maharaja College, Arrah]]
* [[Jagjiwan College]]

==Notable people==

===Freedom fighter===
* [[Veer Kunwar Singh]], leader of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] in Bihar.
* [[Hare Krishna Singh]], commander-in-chief of Kunwar Singh's forces during the rebellion.
* [[Sachchidananda Sinha]], interim President of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]], member of the [[Imperial Legislative Council]] and the [[Central Legislative Assembly|Indian Legislative Assembly]].
* [[Abdul Qaiyum Ansari]], freedom fighter, President of All India Momin conference; fought against Jinnah's two nation theory, cabinet minister of Bihar, member of parliament.
* [[Professor Abdul Bari]], freedom fighter, head of Tata worker's union , founders of Bihar

=== Politics ===
* [[Babu Jagjivan Ram]], [[Deputy Prime Minister of India]], Defense Minister of India during [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 India Pakistan war]].
* [[Meira Kumar]], first woman Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]]; former Union Minister and former Indian ambassador to Spain and the UK.
* [[Jagat Narain Lal]], general secretary of [[Hindu Mahasabha]].
* [[Ram Subhag Singh]], former Union Minister; He was the leader of India's first Opposition in the Lok Sabha (1969-1970).
*[[Shailendra Nath Shrivastava]] Former MP of Patna
* [[Bindeshwari Dubey]], Chief Minister of Bihar. Union minister for Law and Justice in Rajiv Gandhi's cabinet
* [[Anant Sharma]], former Governor of Punjab and West Bengal; former Union Minister in Government of India during Indira Gandhi's time.
* [[Amrendra Pratap Singh]], Cabinet Minister of Agriculture in Government of Bihar.
* [[Brahmeshwar Singh]], head of [[Ranvir Sena]].
* [[Jagdish Mahto]], founder of Naxal movement in Ekwari, member of CPI (ML).
* [[Shivanand Tiwari]], ex-Cabinet Minister in Government of Bihar and former Rajya Sabha MP on JDU ticket.

=== Government office holders ===

* [[Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha]], 6th [[Chief Justice of India]] (1 October 1959 – 31 January 1964).
* [[B. P. Singh (judge)|B.P. Singh]], Judge at the [[Supreme Court of India]], Chief Justice of [[Bombay High Court]], Grandson of [[Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha]].
* Krishna Ballabh Narayan Singh, Ex-Chief Justice of the [[Patna High Court]] from 1976 to 1982. (a native of [[Kulharia]])
* [[Anil Sinha]], Director of the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]] from 2014 to 2016.
* [[Shashi Bhushan Sahai]] (IPS), Director-General of [[Bihar Police]].
* [[Muni Lall]] (IAS), Ex-Union Minister of India and Lok Sabha MP of [[Sasaram Lok Sabha constituency|Sasaram]] from 1996 to 2004.
* [[Ravi Sinha]] (IPS), Secretary of [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] from 1 July 2023 – 30 June 2025.

=== Academia & literature ===

* [[Vashishtha Narayan Singh]], mathematician.
* [[Amitava Kumar]], English writer, Helen D. Lockwood Chair Professor at [[Vassar College]]
* [[Acharya Shivpujan Sahay]], Hindi novelist.
* [[Mithileshwar]], Hindi writer.

=== Television & film personalities ===

* [[S. H. Bihari]], Bollywood lyricist.
* [[Shailendra (lyricist)]], Bollywood lyricist.
* [[Vinay Pathak]], actor.
* [[Pawan Singh]], singer and actor.
* [[Neeraj Pandey]], filmmaker.
* [[Vishal Aditya Singh]], actor.

== Villages ==


* [[Bakhorapur, Bhojpur|Bakhorapur]]
* [[Ekwari]]
* [[Jalpura Tapa]]
* [[Kulharia]]
* [[Masarh]]
* [[Sakaddi]]
* [[Harpur,chandi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|https://bhojpur.nic.in}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bhojpur district
|North = [[Ballia district]], Uttar Pradesh
|Northeast = [[Saran district]]
|East = [[Patna district]]
|Southeast = [[Arwal district]]
|South =
|Southwest = [[Rohtas district]]
|West = [[Buxar district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Patna Division}}
{{Patna Division topics}}
{{Son basin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|25.5562|N|84.6653|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhojpur District, Bihar}}
[[Category:Bhojpur district, India| ]]
[[Category:Patna division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]

2015 in Kerala

2026-04-23T05:47:48Z

ClairBoone: Starting initial details needs work

{{Year in Kerala}}

Events in the year '''2015''' in '''Kerala'''.

== Incumbents ==
[[List of governors of Kerala|Governor of Kerala]] - [[P. Sathasivam]]

[[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Chief minister of Kerala]] - [[Oommen Chandy]]

== Events ==

* 22 January - [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] worker killed in [[Nadapuram]] by [[Indian Union Muslim League]] paving way to communal tensions in the region.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Others |first1=A. K. Ramakrishnan and |last2=Rajeevan |first2=B. |last3=Neelakandan |first3=C. R. |last4=Arunima |first4=G. |last5=Haragopal |first5=G. |last6=Devika |first6=J. |last7=Banaji |first7=Jairus |last8=Sharma |first8=Jyotirmay |last9=Satchidanandan |first9=K. |last10=Krishnan |first10=Kavita |last11=Roy |first11=Kumkum |last12=Arafath |first12=P. K. Yasser |last13=Hashmi |first13=Shabnam |last14=Shah |first14=Trupti |last15=Singh |first15=Upinder |date=2015-02-28 |title=Communal Violence in Kozhikode Village |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2015/9/letters/communal-violence-kozhikode-village.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2015}}</ref>
* 29 January - a 47 year old security guard rammed and killed at [[Sobha City Mall|Sobha City Thrissur]] using a [[Hummer]] by [[Mohammed Nisham]] owner of Kings Beedi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-20 |title=Mohammed Nisham: The rich brat who made it a habit to get on the wrong side of the law |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mohammed-nisham-rich-brat-who-made-it-habit-get-wrong-side-law-37908 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>
* 30 January - Actor [[Shine Tom Chacko]] along with 4 models arrested for possessing and trading [[Cocaine]] in [[Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-31 |title=Malayalam actor Chacko among 5 held on drug charge in Kochi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malayalam-actor-shine-tom-chacko-models-among-5-arrested-on-drug-charge/article6842417.ece |access-date=2024-08-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* 31 January - [[2015 National Games of India|National Games]] inauguration at [[Greenfield International Stadium]].
* 14 February - [[2015 National Games of India|National Games]]<nowiki/>comes to an end with [[Services Sports Control Board]] and [[Kerala]] tops in medal tally.
* 27 February - A [[2015 Kerala meteoroid|meteoroid]] [[Meteor air burst|air burst]] reported in [[Kerala]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Unnikrishnan|first=Hiran|date=2015-03-01|title=Meteorite activity caused 'fireball': Kochi district administration|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/meteorite-activity-caused-fireball-district-administration/article6947867.ece|access-date=2022-01-24|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* March 13 - [[Left Democratic Front]] [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]]'s created ruckus in [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]] as part of protests against [[K. M. Mani]] during budget session.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Scroll Staff|title='Unacceptable behaviour': SC on plea to drop cases against MLAs for 2015 Kerala Assembly ruckus|url=https://scroll.in/latest/999419/unacceptable-behaviour-sc-on-plea-to-drop-cases-against-mlas-for-2015-kerala-assembly-ruckus|access-date=2022-01-23|website=Scroll.in|date=6 July 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* April 7 - Inaugural season of [[Malabar Premier League]] football kicked off at [[Malappuram]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2015-03-03|title=Malabar Premier League to be launched in Malappuram|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/malabar-premier-league-to-be-launched-in-malappuram/article6953851.ece|access-date=2022-01-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* April 19 - Malayalam news channel [[Janam TV]] launched.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-23|title=Stuck for 2 yrs for 'RSS links', Kerala TV channel set to get clearance|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/stuck-for-2-yrs-for-rss-links-kerala-tv-channel-set-to-get-clearance/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* April 24 - [[Operation Sulaimani]] launched at [[Kozhikode district]].<ref>{{Cite web|title='Operation Sulaimani' to Tackle Poverty in Kozhikode District|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2015/apr/24/operation-sulaimani-to-tackle-poverty-in-kozhikode-district-746501.html|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The New Indian Express |date=24 April 2015 }}</ref>
* May 1 - [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)|Maoist]] couple Roopesh and P.A. Shyna were arrested by [[Andhra Pradesh Police]] from [[Coimbatore]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-05 |title=Top Maoist couple Roopesh and Shyna arrested by Andhra Pradesh Police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/five-maoists-including-leader-roopesh-arrested-in-kerela/ |access-date=2022-08-20 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* May 2 - ''Operation Anantha,'' an [[Urban flood management]] program for [[Thiruvananthapuram]] initiated by [[Disaster management in India|District Disaster Management Authority.]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thiruvananthapuram 2015 – Kerala State Disaster Management Authority|date=9 November 2020 |url=https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram-2015/|access-date=2022-01-23|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* May 4 - Four young athletes attempts suicide at [[Sports Authority of India]] hostel in [[Alappuzha]] following harassments.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-05-08|title=Kerala: 4 female athletes in suicide pact over beer taunt, 1 dead|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/four-sai-athletes-in-kerala-attempt-suicide-one-dies-after-alleged-harassment/|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* May 13 - A major [[Fire (accident)|fire]] occurred in [[S. M. Street]], [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-13 |title=Major fire at SM Street Kozhikode |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/major-fire-at-sm-street-kozhikode/articleshow/47273366.cms |access-date=2023-10-04 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* August 3 - [[IIT Palakkad]] started academic courses from temporary facility within [[Ahalia Health Heritage and Knowledge Village]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=IITs in Tirupati, Palakkad now Open for Intake |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/IITs-in-Tirupati-Palakkad-now-Open-for-Intake/2015/06/25/article2885032.ece1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706045243/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/IITs-in-Tirupati-Palakkad-now-Open-for-Intake/2015/06/25/article2885032.ece1 |archive-date=2015-07-06 |access-date=2026-04-23 |work=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* August 26 - A boat collision accident in [[Kochi]] claimed 11 lives.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-01 |title=Death toll rises to 11 in Fort Kochi boat tragedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/death-toll-rises-to-11/article7606123.ece |access-date=2025-11-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* November 2 - [[2015 Kerala local elections|Kerala local elections]] first phase held.
* December 29 - [[Supreme Court of India]] upholds [[Second Chandy ministry|Second Chandy ministry's]] measures towards [[Prohibition]], curbs on sale of alcohol etc. brought through government order in 2014 August.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen|first=Shreeja|date=2015-12-29|title=Supreme Court upholds Kerala govt's liquor ban|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/EGNfKZS50uAdOAby00iUiO/SC-upholds-Kerala-liquor-ban.html|access-date=2022-01-25|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>

== Deaths ==

* March 7 - [[G. Karthikeyan]], 66, politician.

== See also ==

* [[History of Kerala]]
* [[2015 in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category-inline}}

[[Category:2010s in Kerala]]

Girls Islamic Organisation

2026-04-22T02:38:14Z

ClairBoone: created a article - done

{{Short description|Student organization in India}}
{{Infobox organisation
| name = {{ubl|Girls Islamic Organisation of India|گرلس اسلامک آرگنائزیشن آف انڈیا}}
| image =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1984|3|5}}<ref name="BP544">{{cite book |title=Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation |year=2009 |publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam |page=544 |isbn=9788189909970 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZmyUpHdPWYC&pg=PA544 |accessdate=22 April 2020}}</ref>
| type = Student Organisation
| status = Active
| headquarters = Abul Fazal Enclave Part 1, Part 1 Abul Fazal Enclave, Block E, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi, Delhi 110025
| location =
| leader_title = National President
| leader_name = Adv Sumaiya Roshan
| parent_organisation = [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]<ref name="Arndt241">{{cite book |last1=Arndt-Walter Emmerich |title=Islamic Movements in India: Moderation and its Discontents |date=11 November 2019 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=241 |isbn=9781000706727 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aXu9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT241 |accessdate=8 April 2020}}</ref>
| affiliations = [[Bangladesh Islami Chhatri Sangstha]] (''[[de facto]]'')
| website =
}}

'''Girls Islamic Organisation''' or '''GIO''' <ref name="Arndt13">{{cite book |last1=Arndt-Walter Emmerich |title=Islamic Movements in India: Moderation and its Discontents |date=11 November 2019 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=13 |isbn=9781000706727 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXu9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT13 |accessdate=8 April 2020}}</ref> is a [[student organisation]] in [[India]] for Muslim girls. It came to existence under the patronage of state committees of [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]] as the female students' wing.

GIO actively works in a number of [[Indian state]]s including [[Rajasthan]], [[West Bengal]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Maharashtra]],<ref name="JPTH">{{cite news |last1=Jyoti Punwani |title=Profiles of prejudice |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/Profiles-of-prejudice/article12191950.ece?next&people&previous |accessdate=22 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="InT">{{cite news |title=News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mumbai-police-memo-girls-islamic-organisation-muslims-jamaat-e-islami-hind-157559-2013-04-01 |accessdate=22 April 2020 |publisher=[[India Today]] |date=1 April 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422080626/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/mumbai-police-memo-girls-islamic-organisation-muslims-jamaat-e-islami-hind-157559-2013-04-01 |archivedate=22 April 2020}}</ref> [[Kerala]],<ref name="ANI">{{cite news |title=Protest against CAA |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/protest-against-caa-nrc-and-npr-in-kerala-by-girls-islamic-organisation-of-india20200115191021/ |accessdate=22 April 2020 |publisher=[[ANI News]] |date=15 January 2020}}</ref> [[Delhi]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Karnataka]].<ref name="TH2013">{{cite news |title=Karnataka News |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/shock-and-disbelief-in-manipal/article4841443.ece |accessdate=22 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=23 June 2013}}</ref>
== History ==
Since 1984, GIO has functioned as a part of the female wing of Jamaat-e-Islami in [[Kerala]].<ref name="MI153">{{cite book |last1=Maidul Islam |title=Limits of Islamism |date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=153 |isbn=9781107080263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6qmwBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 |accessdate=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="Arndt248">{{cite book |last1=Arndt-Walter Emmerich |title=Islamic Movements in India: Moderation and its Discontents |date=11 November 2019 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=248 |isbn=9781000706727 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=aXu9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT248 |accessdate=8 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="YS21">{{cite book |last1=Yōgīndar Sikkand |title=Struggling to be heard: South Asian Muslim voices |year=2004 |publisher=Global Media Publications |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChtuAAAAMAAJ&q=girls+islamic+organisation |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> Later, it was spread to create state committees in various states of [[India]].

In 2007, it started working in state of [[Andhrapradesh]] and [[Telangana]].<ref name="THI">{{cite news |title=Hyderabad News |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/girls-islamic-organisation-first-meet-in-hyderabad-city-on-oct-20-572280 |accessdate=14 May 2020 |agency= |date=14 October 2014}}</ref>

It later added Goa, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka.

The GIO claimed that it is working in female students and young women for self empowerment, against discrimination on basis of religion,<ref name="JAHalim146-148">{{cite book |last1=Julten Abdelhalim |title=Indian Muslims and Citizenship: Spaces for Jihād in Everyday Life |date=5 October 2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |pages=146–148 |isbn=9781317508748 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BvOoCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT146 |accessdate=8 April 2020}}</ref> culture and caste. GIO also claims that all their activities are on to the grounds of [[Islam]].<ref name="JAHalim146-148"/> GIO conducts camps, campaigns and contests for their age group.

GIO regularly conducts study classes, and public meetings for girls. It organizes occasional campaigns for female students and young women. GIO participating or conducting the protests in women related issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jamaateislamihind.org/eng/jih-mumbra-organised-anti-drugs-campaign/|title=JIH Mumbra organised anti drugs campaign|website=|date=27 January 2013|accessdate=4 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="KSD168">{{cite book |last1=K. S. Durrany |title=The Women's Movement in Religious Communities in India |year=2002 |page=168 |isbn=9788172146818 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwqAAAAYAAJ&q=girls+islamic+organisation |accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[Students Islamic Organisation of India]]
* [[Jamaat-e-Islami Hind]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Women's education in India]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in India]]

Rakesh Ojha

2026-04-20T09:19:31Z

ClairBoone: made initial details v1.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rakesh Ojha
| image =
| caption =
| office = Member of the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 14 November 2025
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Shahpur]]
| predecessor =
| successor = Incumbent
| birth_place = Bihar, India
| birth_date =
| spouse =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| father = Visheshwar Ojha
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rakesh Visheshwar Ojha''' is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] in [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Shahpur]] constituency.<ref name="Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up2">{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|title=Bihar Assembly Election Results 2025: Constituency-wise winners and runners-up|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115035930/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-constituency-wise-winners-and-runners-up-10366461/|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|title=Bihar Election Result 2025: Full list of winners in 243 constituencies|date=15 November 2025|access-date=15 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115040110/https://www.moneycontrol.com/europe/?url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/bihar-election-result-2025-full-list-of-winners-in-243-constituencies-13675947.html|archive-date=15 November 2025|publisher=Money Control}}</ref>

==Political career==
Rakesh Ojha won from [[Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constituency|Shahpur]] constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 88,655 votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Rahul Tiwari]] of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], by a margin of 15,225 votes.<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Shahpur">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Shahpur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04198.htm |access-date=7 December 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207140501/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04198.htm |archive-date=7 December 2025}}</ref><ref name="Shahpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Shahpur Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/shahpur |access-date=7 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207140608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/shahpur |archive-date=7 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ojha, Rakesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Bhusawal–Kalyan section

2026-04-19T18:01:29Z

ClairBoone:

{{Short description|Railway line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Bhusawal–Kalyan section
| native_name = भुसावळ-कल्याण विभाग
| native_name_lang =
| color = blue
| logo =
| logo_width =
| image = Nasik Road railway station - Main Entrance.jpg
| image_width =
| caption = Nasik Road an important railway station on Bhusawal–Kalyan section
| type =
| system = Electrified
| status = Operational
| locale = [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]]
| start = [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]]
| end = [[Kalyan railway station|Kalyan]]
| stations =
| routes = [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] [[Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line]] New Delhi–Bhopal–Mumbai line
| daily_ridership =
| open = Around 1865
| close =
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]], [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] for a part of a branch line
| character =
| depot = [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]], [[Kalyan railway station|Kalyan]], [[Manmad railway station|Manmad]], [[Igatpuri railway station|Igatpuri]]
| stock = [[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP- 4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAG-5|WAG-5]], WAG-7, WCM-6, WCG-2, [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]], WCAG-1 electric locomotives
| linelength =
| tracklength = Main line: {{convert|390|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Branch lines Manmad–Daund {{convert|238|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Pachora–Jamner {{convert|56|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Chalisgaon–Dhule {{convert|56|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} Jalgaon–Surat {{convert|313|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| tracks = Main line: 2
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[broad gauge]]
| old_gauge =
| minradius =
| racksystem =
| electrification = 1.5 kV DC overhead system in 1929 for Kalyan–Igatpuri sector, Igatpuri–Bhusawal with 25 kV AC overhead system in 1967–69. DC system has been converted to AC system
| speed = Main line: up to 130 km/h
| elevation =
| website =
| map = {{Bhusawal–Kalyan section}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The '''Bhusawal–Kalyan section''' is part of the [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] and [[Howrah–Prayagraj–Mumbai line]]. It connects [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]] and [[Kalyan railway station|Kalyan]] both in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. One of the branch lines, Jalgaon–Surat line, runs partly in [[Gujarat]].

==Geography==
Part of some of the major trunk lines in the country, this line passes through a section of the [[Deccan Plateau]], starting with [[Khandesh]],<ref>{{cite web | url = http://gluedideas.com/content-collection/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-13-Part-1-Jerez-De-La-Frontera-Kurandvad/East-Khandesh.html | title = East Khandesh | publisher = Glued Ideas.com | access-date = 24 March 2013 | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090111/http://gluedideas.com/content-collection/Encyclopedia-Britannica-Volume-13-Part-1-Jerez-De-La-Frontera-Kurandvad/East-Khandesh.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> It crosses the [[Western Ghats]] across the Thul Ghat and enters the [[Western Coastal Plains]].<ref name=ghat>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/articles/eminent-railwaymen.html |title = Eminent Railwaymen of Yesteryears|work= James J. Berkley/ The Thal Ghat| publisher= [[IRFCA]]| access-date = 29 March 2013}}</ref>

===Thul Ghat===
[[Thul Ghat]] (incline) is a series of mountain slopes in the [[Western Ghats]] traversed by this line. From [[Kalyan railway station|Kalyan]] to [[Kasara railway station|Kasara]], the line covers a length of {{convert|42|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} and rises to an altitude of {{convert|948|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} above sea level at Kasara. The next section from Kasara to [[Igatpuri railway station|Igatpuri]] is {{convert|9.5|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} across Thul Ghat and within that distance the line rises from {{convert|289|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1918|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} the gradient in the section being 1:37.<ref name=ghat/> The line negotiates this steep incline with the help of curves. The Ehegaon viaduct along this line is {{convert|719|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|180|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} high.<ref name=ghat/> According to [[IRFCA]], "The viaduct is situated in a steep valley nestling in the midst of hills that skirt around it in the tunnels and then is carried across the yawning chasm on a tall imposing structure… Some of the viaducts and tunnels on this line are considered outstanding achievements in Civil Engineering and are among the finest works in the world."<ref name=ghat/>

==Economy==
This line serves two coal-based thermal power stations: the 880 MW [[Nashik Thermal Power Station]] of [[Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited|Mahagenco]] and 850 MW [[Ukai Thermal Power Station]] of [[Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited]]. Nasik TPS consumed 4,626,000 tonnes of coal in 2006–07 and Ukai TPS consumed 3,200,000 tonnes the same year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/thermal_perfm_review_rep/0607/Section-9.pdf | title = Coal supply to various power stations | access-date = 21 April 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140531090331/http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/thermal_perfm_review_rep/0607/Section-9.pdf | archive-date = 31 May 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Coal transportation forms 42 per cent of the total freight earnings of Indian railways.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.miningweekly.com/article/indian-railways-cil-to-collaborate-for-additional-coal-transport-capacity-2013-02-14 |title = Indian Railways, CIL to collaborate for additional coal transport capacity| publisher= Mining weekly.com, 14 February 2013| access-date = 21 April 2013}}</ref>

==History==

===Main line===
The first train in India traveled from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station]] in Mumbai, then known as Boribunder, to [[Thane railway station|Thane]] on 16 April 1853. Within about a year [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] connected the Mumbai–Thane line to [[Kalyan railway station|Kalyan]]. Service up to [[Igatpuri railway station|Igatpuri]] (across the Thul Ghat) was started in 1865. Before that, [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]] station was set up in 1860 and most of the line between Bhusawal and Igatpuri was laid in 1861-62 but the line was activated in mid-1860s, after completion of the line across Thul Ghat.<ref name=ghat/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html| title = IR History: Early Days – I : Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865)| publisher= IFCA| access-date= 4 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,1191,1192,1394,1396,1410,1411 | title = Historical Milestones | publisher = Central Railway | access-date = 24 March 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012252/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C6%2C1191%2C1192%2C1394%2C1396%2C1410%2C1411 | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Branch lines===
The {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} Tapti Valley Railway linked Surat, on the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]], to the Great Indian Peninsula system at Amalner in the [[Khandesh]] region, in 1900.<ref name=irfcaiii>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = Chronology of Railways in India, Part 3 (1900-1947)|publisher= IRFCA |access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/great-britain-india-office/imperial-gazetteer-of-india--volume-23-aer/page-20-imperial-gazetteer-of-india--volume-23-aer.shtml |title = The Imperial Gazetteer of Indi|volume=23|page=20|publisher= Electronic Library| access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref> It was one of the railways set up by Killick Nixon Limited.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.killicknixon.com/historymain.html | title = History | publisher = Killick Nixon Limited | access-date = 24 March 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130723110327/http://www.killicknixon.com/historymain.html | archive-date = 23 July 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} Manmad–Daund line was opened in 1878 and connects the two main sections (the south-east and north east) of GIPR. The line is being doubled.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ahmednagar.gov.in/gazetteer/comm_railways.html | title = Railways | publisher = Ahmadnagar District Gazetteer | access-date = 24 March 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130820192944/http://ahmednagar.gov.in/gazetteer/comm_railways.html | archive-date = 20 August 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samachar.com/track-doubling-work-on-pune-daund-manmad-daund-routes-to-begin-soon-lfhsKLjhfgi.html |title=Track doubling work on Pune–Daund, Manmad–Daund routes to begin soon |publisher=Samachar.com/ DNA |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308044914/http://www.samachar.com/track-doubling-work-on-pune-daund-manmad-daund-routes-to-begin-soon-lfhsKLjhfgi.html |archive-date=8 March 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

The [[Hyderabad–Godavari Valley Railways]] opened the {{track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} Manmad–Secunderabad line (not shown in the route chart) in 1900.<ref name=irfcaiii/>

The {{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} Chalisgaon–Dhule line was opened in 1900.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,6,1191,1193,1216,1244 |title=Bhusaval Division – Important Milestones |publisher=Central Railway |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403165812/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in//view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C6%2C1191%2C1193%2C1216%2C1244 |archive-date= 3 April 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>

The Pachora–Jamner {{track gauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} [[narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] line was opened by Central Province Railway in 1919.<ref name=irfcaiii/>

===Shirdi===
The {{convert|17.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}-long {{track gauge|1676mm}}-wide broad-gauge Puntamba-Shirdi link, connecting [[Shirdi]] to the Manmad–Daund branch line was completed in 2009.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/finally-a-rail-link-to-shirdi-from-manmad-via-puntamba/420996|title = Finally, a rail link to Shirdi, from Manmad via Puntamba|work= The Indian Express|date=9 February 2009| access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref> The Manmad–Puntamba–Sainagar Shirdi line was electrified in 2011–12.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/pdf/YEAR_BOOK_ENG_2011_12/6.pdf|title = Electrification|publisher= Indian Railways| access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref>

===New lines===
[[Indian Railways]] have cleared the construction of Manmad–Indore and Nashik–Pune new lines after sixteen years of active lobbying.<ref>{{cite web|date=5 June 2020|title=Pune–Nashik's rail line project worth Rs 16,039 crore gets nod|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report_railways-gives-go-ahead-to-pune-nashik-route_1810955|access-date=5 June 2020|publisher=monyecontrol}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=5 June 2020|title=Rs 16,039-crore Pune–Nashik rail line project gets nod|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/rs-16039-crore-pune-nashik-rail-line-project-gets-nod/articleshow/76203166.cms|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref>

===Railway reorganisation===
The [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] was taken over by the state in 1925.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part III (1900–1947)|publisher=IRFCA | access-date = 3 April 2013}}</ref> In 1951, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]], the Scindia State Railways and the Dholpur Railways were merged to form [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]. In the same year, the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]], the [[Saurashtra Railway]], the Rajasthan Railway, the Jaipur Railway and the [[Cutch State Railway]] were merged to form [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-geog.html#newzone |title = Geography : Railway Zones|publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref>

==Electrification and electric loco sheds==
The Kalyan–Igatpuri section was electrified with 1.5 kV DC overhead system in 1929.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-elec.html|title= Electric Traction I |work= History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 18 March 2013}}</ref> Subsequent electrification with 25 kV AC overhead system in the Igatpuri–Manmad sector, with AC/DC change over at Igatpuri, was carried out in 1967–69. The Manmad–Bhusawal sector was electrified in 1968–69.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 18 March 2013}}</ref> The change over of mainlines in the Mumbai area from DC to AC traction was completed in June 2015.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/docs/mumbai-electrification.html |title = Mumbai Area Electrification |publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 24 March 2013}}</ref>

There are large loco sheds at Bhusawal and Kalyan, and the smaller trip sheds at Manmad and Igatpuri. The loco shed at [[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]] was established by the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] in 1919. At that time it was the largest in Asia and third-largest in the world. [[Indian locomotive class WAM-4|WAM-4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP- 4]], [[Indian locomotive class WAG-5|WAG-5]], [[Indian locomotive class WAG-7|WAG-7]], WCM-6, WCG-2, [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM-3]] and WCAG-1 electric locomotives find a place in these sheds. Kalyan also houses some diesel locomotives.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history3.html |title = IR History: Part III (1900–1947)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-shed.html |title = Sheds and Workshops| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2 April 2013}}</ref>

==Speed limits==
The entire Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line is planned to be converted into a "Group A" line, which would enable it take speeds up to 160 km/h. The branch lines have speed limits within 100 km/h.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRPWM/PermanentWayManualCh2_data.htm |title=Chapter II – The Maintenance of Permanent Way |access-date=14 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203030524/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/codesmanual/IRPWM/PermanentWayManualCh2_data.htm |archive-date=3 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Passenger movement==
[[Bhusawal railway station|Bhusawal]] and [[Manmad railway station|Manmad]] on this line, are amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |publisher=IRFCA |access-date=14 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

The tourist train [[Deccan Odyssey]] passes through a part of the route.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/mtdc/HTML/DO/DefaultDO.aspx?strpage=/mtdc/HTML/DO/About_DeccanOdyssey.html| title = The Deccan odyssey| publisher = Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation| access-date = 14 March 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101218070708/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/mtdc/HTML/DO/DefaultDO.aspx?strpage=%2Fmtdc%2FHTML%2FDO%2FAbout_DeccanOdyssey.html| archive-date = 18 December 2010| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{external media
| float=right
| video1= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My_rPu0yy5o Manmad Godavari Express: Kasara to Igatpuri (Thul Ghat)]
|video2= [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtEYbOOQ1Sc Panchvatti Express: Igatpuri to Kasara (Thul Ghat)]
|video3=[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2kycn_train-on-bridge-at-thull-ghat_travel#.UVVkhTeDet8 Train on bridge at Thul Ghat]
}}
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/bhusaval-junction-bsl/208 Trains at Bhusawal]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/manmad-junction-mmr/152 Trains at Manmad]
*[http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/kalyan-junction-kyn/72 Trains at Kalyan]

{{Central Railway}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhusawal - Kalyan section}}
[[Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Mumbai CR railway division|*]]
[[Category:Bhusawal railway division|*]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhusawal]]
[[Category:Transport in Kalyan-Dombivli]]

Auroville Village Action Group

2026-04-18T05:52:08Z

ClairBoone: Starting new place first draft.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Auroville Village Action Group
| named_after =
| image =
| type = [[Community organization]]
| founded = {{Start date|1983}}
| founding_location = [[Auroville]], India
| tax_id =
| registration_id =
| headquarters = Irumbai, [[India]]
| origins =
| key_people =
| region_served = [[Vanur block]], Tamil Nadu, India
| product =
| focus = poverty eradication, gender equality, caste equality, empowerment
| method =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members =
| leader_title = Directors
| leader_name = Anbu Sironmani, Jerald Moris
| former_name =
| website = {{URL|www.villageaction.in}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Auroville Village Action Group''' (AVAG) is a [[non-governmental organization]] based in Irumbai which is situated close to [[Auroville]] in the [[Villupuram district]], located in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is committed to [[grass roots]] community building together with the local villages in the Villupuram district on different development areas, namely [[community development]], [[economic development]], [[capacity building]], and [[psychosocial support]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://villageaction.in | title = About AVAG | publisher = AVAG}}</ref> In all those four areas, the ultimate goal is to "realize the inherent capability of human beings for self-empowerment [and to] provide the proper resources to build a healthy life".<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://villageaction.in/what-we-do/ | title = AVAG's goals | publisher = AVAG | access-date = 20 January 2016 | archive-date = 26 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126030820/https://villageaction.in/what-we-do/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Founded in 1983, it nowadays incorporates [[micro finance]] projects, capacity building trainings and seminars, psychological and physical health initiatives, [[livelihood]] trainings and [[social enterprise]] trainings, [[caste]] integration exchange programs, and exposure field trips.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://villageaction.in/what-we-do/ | title = AVAG's tools | publisher = AVAG | access-date = 20 January 2016 | archive-date = 26 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126030820/https://villageaction.in/what-we-do/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Mission and values==
AVAG collaborates with all sectors of society to bring about a holistic and participatory village transformation where the villagers are the main acting force. AVAG sees its main role as enabling the beneficiaries to become more self-empowered. It places relationships between human beings and their behaviors, traditions and prejudices at the foundation of its programs and work with villagers, following the central goal of gender and cast equality. Solidarity and cooperation are also important values to AVAG.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url = http://de.scribd.com/doc/102333132/AVAG-2011-2012-Annual-Report | title = Annual Report 2011-2012 | publisher = AVAG}}</ref>

==Structure==
In July 2000, the '''Auroville Village Action Trust''' developed out of AVAG's diverse activities in order to them better. Since then, AVAG is a part of this trust.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.auroville.org/contents/1635 | title = information on the Auroville Village Action Trust | publisher = auroville.org}}</ref>

Field work is carried out by a team of 6 development workers who themselves come from Vanur block and are deeply familiar with the ground realities. They receive special training and are often the direct link between the trustees and direct beneficiaries. Additionally, 2 vocational trainers and a team of 8 support staff make up the rest of the AVAG team. AVAG regularly hosts students, interns and volunteers from abroad who assist in all aspects of programs delivery.
The immediate [[beneficiaries]] are the members of the women and men [[self-help groups]] (SHGs), who usually meet twice a month to discuss loans and personal issues or to receive training. Every SHG elects an animator and two representatives each month.<ref name="auto"/>

===Programs===
<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://vimeo.com/7701113 | title = Women's Empowerment at Auroville Village Action Group | publisher = Lesley Branagan}}</ref>

==== Eco-friendly products for villagers ====
A store is located on AVAG premises and provides access to affordable echo-friendly technologies suitable for rural communities, such as spirulina supplements, energy powder, CFL bulbs, activated EM, low-cost water filters, and solar-powered devices.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XB_v9FBp8A | title = EcoLife Stores | publisher = Aneri Patel}}</ref>

==== Social enterprise initiatives and livelihood training programs ====
AVAG offers a large number of trainings, and creates self-employment opportunities for members of women's SHGs. Together with the Sustainable Enterprise Development in the Auroville Bioregion (SEDAB) project,<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://sedabblog.wordpress.com/about/ | title = Sustainable Enterprise Development in the Auroville Bioregion blog | publisher = SEDAB}}</ref> which is part of a wider Integral Rural Development vision for the bioregion, the goal is to provide sustainable livelihood options for women in villages in and around Auroville.
Several different products are being produced and sold as part of the social enterprise initiative, such as clothes and accessories and crocheted life style products, like toys and lamps, and accessories (under AVAG's own brand Aval), herbal beauty products, spirulina capsules (under the brand Surya.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://sedabblog.wordpress.com/76-2/ | title = SEDAB Surya production | publisher = SEDAB}}</ref>)

===Funding===
AVAG has varying supporters, also relying on individual donors.
The [[Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung|BMZ]] gives AVAG a notable supporting sum each year under the Verein zur Förderung der Auroville-Region (VFAVR), affiliated with AVI Germany. They also supported the issue of the AVVAI scheme. Other funding partners are the Village Outreach Society of Canada and the United Kingdom, who have supported [[Eco Femme]], AVAG's exchange programs and the solar lantern project of the EcoLife store.
World Dignity, Inc. (WDI),<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.worlddignity.com/ | title = WDI webpage | publisher = World Dignity, Inc. | access-date = 25 January 2016 | archive-date = 2 April 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402110738/http://www.worlddignity.com/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> an organization working internationally to build on the strength, resilience, culture and wisdom of all people, created the AVAG/WDI Education Revolving Fund to help financially poor club members pay for their children's higher education through loans or grants together with AVAG.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book | last = Auroville Village Action Group | title = Annual Report 2014-2015 | year = 2016}}</ref>
Motherson Sumi Systems Limited has given a 1 Crore grant towards a project increasing access to education for poor girls in June 2015 as part of their [[Corporate social responsibility]] (CSR) program.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.auroville.org/contents/3901 | title = Article on Promoting Poor Girl's Education In the Villages | publisher = Auroville Today | access-date = 25 January 2016 | archive-date = 25 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210925091613/https://auroville.org/contents/3901 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==History==
<ref name="auto1"/>
In 1983, AVAG was founded by Bhavana Dee Decew "to act as a bridge between [Auroville] and immediate neighbours."<ref name="auto"/> At that time, a few programs with children and women were started in the villages surrounding Auroville. Gradually, professional social workers joined and turned AVAG into an official developmental project.
With [[OXFAM India]]'s help starting 1991, AVAG expanded its scope in terms of working areas and adjointed activities and field staff could be recruited and trained. The Commonwealth Human Ecology Council (CHEC) of the Overseas Development Agency (ODA)-UK, later called the [[Department for International Development]] (DfID), also supported AVAG so that its work expanded further. Thanks to the DfID's funding, the Women's Federation and the men's groups could also be established in 1999.
When the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]] hit Tamil Nadu, AVAG experienced a major financial and labor crisis. Many activities had to be reduced or shut down but it was sustained with the help of the women and men SHGs and the leaders of the villages. [[Asian Community Development Corporation|ACDC]] also supported AVAG's work in the tsunami hit areas. ACDC continued to support AVAG until 2009.
In 2010, the social enterprise initiative got started with the assistance of the Sustainable Enterprise Development in the Auroville Bioregion (SEDAB), scheduled to run until the middle of 2016. The BMZ project set up a [[revolving fund]] with the German government's support, mainly for enabling the distribution of grants to poor girls for obtaining a better education.
Currently, AVAG is working on setting up education programs for adolescent girls and boys and marketing its products more. Also, flood relief after the hundred-year [[2015 South Indian floods]]<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Chennai-Floods-2015 | title = Chennai floods | publisher = Times of India}}</ref> in the Villupuram district is still going on.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://villageaction.in/media/newsletter/january2016/ | title = Newsletter January 2016, article Flood Reliefs | publisher = AVAG | access-date = 2016-01-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160708112428/http://villageaction.in/media/newsletter/january2016/ | archive-date = 2016-07-08 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Affiliations==
AVAG is closely working together with people in Auroville, for certain events such as flood relief help and different entrepreneurial projects inside of Auroville. Some of AVAG's women stitch disposable cloth pads for EcoFemme,<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://ecofemme.org/about/where-we-work/ | title = EcoFemme stitched by AVAG | publisher = EcoFemme | access-date = 2016-01-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160130174900/http://ecofemme.org/about/where-we-work/ | archive-date = 2016-01-30 | url-status = dead }}</ref> they have also recently started to assist in stitching scarves made by The Colours of Nature<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://thecoloursofnature.com/ | title = The Colours of Nature information | publisher = EcoFemme}}</ref> One different project which AVAG is working together with Auroville on right now is the Paalam project, Paalam meaning bridge in Tamil, which is a bioregional and Auroville youth leadership program and "aims to provide training in sustainable village development through a programme that would include exposure to Auroville and its ideals and to model village development throughout Tamil Nadu."<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.auroville.org/contents/3924 | title = Article on the 'Paalam' project | publisher = Auroville Today | access-date = 25 January 2016 | archive-date = 27 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210127184653/https://auroville.org/contents/3924 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
Once a year, a student from the [[American University of Paris]] (AUP) joins AVAG for a few weeks to assist it in the communications sector.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://aupindia.org/our-partners/ | title = AUP's working partners in Auroville | publisher = AUP}}</ref>
AVAG is associated with the [[National Australia Bank]], the [[Indian Bank]] and the [[ICICI Bank]] for the microfinancing and SHG loans. They send a mobile bank to AVAG twice a week and issue the loans to the SHG women.
The German [[Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung|BMZ]] is supporting one or two young volunteers coming to AVAG via Auroville International (AVI) Deutschland e.V., a non-profit organization which is amongst other things a volunteer sending agency via weltwärts, each year for a year's duration.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://auroville.de/index.php/2011-12-28-10-36-05/das-programm | title = AVI-D volunteer service | publisher = AVI-D | access-date = 25 January 2016 | archive-date = 24 January 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160124111957/http://auroville.de/index.php/2011-12-28-10-36-05/das-programm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Auroville]]
*[[Village design statement]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.green.aurovilleportal.org/allcontent/33-interviews/226-auroville-action-in-villages {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120180701/http://www.green.aurovilleportal.org/allcontent/33-interviews/226-auroville-action-in-villages |date=20 January 2020 }}

[[Category:Community organizations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1983]]
[[Category:Women's rights in India]]
[[Category:Rural community development]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Raja Loves Radhe

2026-04-11T21:49:28Z

ClairBoone: made basic info first draft

{{short description|Indian romantic drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raja Loves Radhe
| image = Raja Loves Radhe.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name = 
| director = M. Rajashekhar
| writer = Vijaya Baramasagara (dialogues)
| screenplay = M. Rajashekhar
| story = M. Rajashekhar
| based_on = 
| producer = H.L.N Raj
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Vijay Raghavendra]]
*[[Radhika Preethi]]
*[[Rakesh Adiga]]
*[[Shubha Poonja]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Chidanand
| editing =
| music = Veer Samarth
| studio = H.L.N Raj Entertainer
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2018|5|18}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Raja Loves Radhe''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by M. Rajashekhar and starring [[Vijay Raghavendra]], [[Radhika Preethi]], [[Rakesh Adiga]] and [[Shubha Poonja]].

==Plot==
The film is about the love between a poor man (Raja) and a rich woman (Radha).<ref name="H"/>

==Cast==
''Source''<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/in-a-relative-light/article19670610.ece|title=In a relative light|date=12 September 2017|first=Shilpa|last=Sebastian R.|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207145346/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/in-a-relative-light/article19670610.ece|archive-date=7 February 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="C"/><ref name="VK">{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/gossip/amruta-mandvikar-special-number-in-raja-loves-radhe/articleshow/60509380.cms|title=ರಾಜನಿಗಾಗಿ ಕುಣಿದ ಮುಂಬಯಿ ಬೆಡಗಿ|website=[[Vijaya Karnataka]]|language=kn|date=15 September 2017|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="U"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.chitratara.com/show-content.php?key=Kannada%20Film%20Latest%20News,%20Kannada%20New%20Movies,%20Latest%20Kannada%20Films&title=%60%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%20%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%20%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%86%60%20%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%20%20%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86&id=10955&ptype=News|title='ರಾಜ ಲವ್ಸ್ ರಾಧೆ' ನಾಳೆಯಿಂದ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ|language=kn|website=Chitratara.com|date=24 May 2018|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="C2">{{Cite web|url=https://m.chitratara.com/show-content.php?key=Kannada%20Film%20Latest%20News,%20Kannada%20New%20Movies,%20Latest%20Kannada%20Films&title=RAJA%EF%BF%BDS%20RAJA%20WINS%20RADHE&id=10959&ptype=Reviews|title=RAJA'S RAJA WINS RADHE |website=Chitratara.com|date=25 May 2018|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>
{{cast listing|
*[[Vijay Raghavendra]] as Raja
*[[Radhika Preethi]] as Radha
*[[Rakesh Adiga]] as Rocky
*[[Shubha Poonja]] as Rukku
*[[P. Ravishankar]]
*[[Bhavya]] as Seethamma
*[[Mithra (actor)|Mithra]]
*[[Tabla Nani]] as Nani
*[[Shobaraj]]
*[[Kuri Prathap]] as Chikka
*[[Sathyajith (Kannada actor)|Sathyajith]] as Satyanna
*Petrol Prasanna
*Danny Kuttappa
*Kuri Ranga
*Kuri Sunil
* Pavan
*Mohan Juneja as Coupling Cottage, Madikeri receptionist
*Moogu Suresh as Moogu
*Niranjan
*Manoj
*HLN Raj
*Amruta Mandvikar in a special appearance in the song "Kanasalli Bandare"
}}

== Production ==
{{Quote box|width=30%|align=Right|quote="The sad thing is we can’t give fresh films all the time as we have exploited almost every topic available. And themes such as love, friendship or sibling relationships have been mined dry. Even suspense or horror has been overdone. The only thing we can do is package it in a new way. That, I think will be our responsibility"|source= Vijay Raghavendra on the film's story, 2017<ref name="H" />}}

The film began production in early 2017. The film's director Rajashekhar previously directed the unreleased film ''Ee Saathiya''. [[Radhika Preethi]] was previously credited as Ritiksha.<ref name="U">{{Cite web|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/vijayaraghavendra-new-film-raja-loves-radhe|title=ವಿಜಯರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ಹೊಸ ಚಿತ್ರ ರಾಜ ಲವ್ಸ್‌ ರಾಧೆ|website=[[Udayavani]]|language=kn|date=4 April 2017|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>

The film's title is based on [[Krishna]]'s wife [[Radha|Radhe]], but in this film Krishna is replaced with Raja.<ref name="U2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raja-of-radha|title=ರಾಧೆಯ ಜಪದಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಜ!|language=kn|work=Udayavani|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130204947/https://www.udayavani.com/cinema/balcony-sandalwood-news/raja-of-radha|archive-date=30 November 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> [[Vijay Raghavendra]] worked on this film alongside ''[[Kismath (2018 film)|Kismath]]'' (2018) and ''[[Yada Yada Hi Dharmasya|Dharmasya]]'' (2018) in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/i-like-live-moment-2019710|title='I like to live in the moment'|website=[[Deccan Herald]]|first1=Tini Sara|last1=Anien|last2=DHNS|date=11 August 2017|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> [[P. Ravishankar]] played a role that was different from his usual negative roles.<ref name="U2"/> The film was shot in Bengaluru and Mysore.<ref name="U"/> The film has the tagline of ''Eradu Manasugalu Tillana'' ({{translation|The dance of two hearts}}).<ref name="U"/> For an item song featuring Mumbai-based Amruta Mandvikar and choreographed by Kalai, 150,000 bottles were used.<ref name="VK"/>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Raja Loves Radhe
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Veer Samarth
| cover =
| released = 16 May 2018
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 18:43
| language = Kannada
| label = Mass Music Adda
| producer =
| chronology = Veer Samarth
| prev_title = [[Mass Leader]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Double Engine (2018 film)|Double Engine]]
| next_year = 2018
| misc = {{external media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|dyqNb4KHvus|Raja Loves Radhe – Jukebox}}}}
}}

The soundtrack was composed by Veer Samarth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raja Loves Radhe (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/4jXfhPzTt51bIQSKmtsx7I |website=[[Spotify]] |language=en |date=16 May 2018 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114100457/https://open.spotify.com/album/4jXfhPzTt51bIQSKmtsx7I |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Sobagu Sobagu
| length1 = 4:21
| lyrics1 = [[K. Kalyan]]
| extra1 = [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| title2 = One Day Morning
| length2 = 3:33
| lyrics2 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra2 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| title3 = Nooru Galli
| length3 = 3:52
| lyrics3 = Vijay Bharamasagar
| extra3 = [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Sangeetha Ravindranath
| title4 = Kanasalli Bandare
| length4 = 3:41
| lyrics4 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| extra4 = [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| title5 = Hottu Hettu
| length5 = 3:15
| lyrics5 = M. Rajashekar
| extra5 = Hemanth Kumar H. S., Shruthi Prashanth
| total_length = 18:43
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' rated the film 3/5 and wrote, "Director Raj Shekar manages to give a convincing story about what real love suffers from. It is not just a fantasy being in love but real trouble. The director has given attention to every detail. It is like seeing the different aspects of love and relationship come alive on screen. The story has been given a good screenplay which keeps the narrative tight and keeps the audience glued to their seats".<ref name="C">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/17711-raja-loves-radhe-review-chitraloka-rating-3-5.html|title=Raja Loves Radhe Review, Chitraloka Rating 3/5|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|date=25 May 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128142421/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/17711-raja-loves-radhe-review-chitraloka-rating-3-5.html|archive-date=28 January 2023|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> A critic from ''Chitratara.com'' rated the film 3.5/5 and wrote, "Raja Loves Radhe is a perfect family film and like eating an MTR [Mavalli Tiffin Rooms] lunch. This is wholesome family film with lot of new additions that keeps the audience grow up in thoughts".<ref name="C2"/> The film was a box office success.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190618/kannada-actress-radhika-preeti-debuts-in-tamil.html|title=Kannada actress Radhika Preeti debuts in Tamil|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=18 June 2018|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-date=12 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212094407/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/190618/kannada-actress-radhika-preeti-debuts-in-tamil.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|8365042}}

[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:2018 Kannada-language films]]

Jeevan Jyot Kaur

2026-04-07T16:49:01Z

ClairBoone: made the post w/ sources - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jeevan Jyot Kaur
| image = Jeevan Jyot Kaur.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Punjab Legislative Assembly|Punjab]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| term_end = 
| constituency = [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Amritsar East]]
| majority =
| predecessor = [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
| successor =
| order2 = 
| office2 = 
| term_start2 = 
| term_end2 = 

| pronunciation =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| parents = 
| mother = 
| father =
| relatives =
| known_for =
| salary =
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| awards =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| website =
| nickname =
}}
'''Jeevan Jyot Kaur''' is an Indian politician and the MLA from [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency]].<ref name="The Chosen 12 March 2022">{{cite news|last1=Goyal |first1=Divya |title=The Chosen 13: 'Padwoman', Moga's doctor among Punjab's women MLAs |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/punjab-elections-results-aap-victory-congress-sad-candidates-7816401/ |access-date=20 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=12 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> She is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Jeevan Jyot Kaur: The 'Padwoman' of Punjab who trumped Sidhu and Majithia |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/meet-jeevan-jyot-kaur-the-padwoman-of-punjab-who-trumped-navjot-singh-sidhu-and-bikram-singh-majithia-11647505194042.html |website=mint |language=en |date=17 March 2022}}</ref> She defeated [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name="List Financialexpress">{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022, Punjab election results 2022, Punjab election winners list, Punjab election 2022 full list of winners, Punjab election winning candidates, Punjab election 2022 winners, Punjab election 2022 winning candidates constituency wise |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/punjab-assembly-election-results-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-constituency-wise-complete-list-of-punjab-results-2022-bjp-congress-akali-dal-aap/2456066/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet AAP's Jeevan Jyot Kaur,giant-killer who defeated Sidhu,Majithia in Punjab |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/punjab-election-2022-meet-aaps-jeevan-jyot-kaur-giant-killer-who-defeated-sidhu-and-majithia-2444394.html |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Punjab Diary: Tricolour bonhomie |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/tricolour-bonhomie-423999 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

==Political career==
In 2022, Jyot contested from [[Aam Aadmi Party]] and won [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|Punjab Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Amritsar East Assembly constituency]]. She defeated the incumbent MLA [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] of [[Indian National Congress]] and [[Bikram Singh Majithia]] of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]. She received 36.74% of the votes and won with a margin of 6.25% from the runner up Navjot Singh Sidhu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Punjab election 2022 result constituency-wise: Check full list of winners |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/punjab-assembly-election/punjab-election-result-2022-check-constituency-wise-leading-trailing-candidates-full-list-of-winners-aap-bhagwant-mann-congress-charanjit-singh-channi-bjp-akalis-election-news-today-101646877618898.html |access-date=10 March 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=10 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2022/ConstituencywiseS1918.htm?ac=18 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref> The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the [[sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly]] by winning 92 out of [[List of constituencies of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|117 seats]] in the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]]. MP [[Bhagwant Mann]] was sworn in as [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] on 16 March 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=16 March 2022 |title=AAP's Bhagwant Mann sworn in as Punjab Chief Minister |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/punjab-assembly/aaps-bhagwant-mann-sworn-in-as-punjab-cm/article65230309.ece |access-date=22 March 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Public Accounts|Committee on Public Accounts]]<ref name="List Public Accounts">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=35&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in}}</ref>
*Member (2022–23) [[Punjab Assembly Committee on Local Bodies|Committee on Local Bodies]]<ref name="Committee on Local Bodies">{{cite web |title=vidhan Sabha |url=http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |website=punjabassembly.nic.in |access-date=2022-06-13 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514033512/http://punjabassembly.nic.in/index.php/component/content/article?id=31&Itemid=119 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Assets and liabilities declared during elections==
During the [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election]], she declared Rs. 4,27,67,365 as an overall financial asset and Rs. 41,80,346 as financial liability.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeevan Jyot Kaur(AAP):Constituency- AMRITSAR EAST(AMRITSAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/punjab2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=256 |website=www.myneta.info |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
{{transcluded section|source=Amritsar East Assembly constituency}}
{{#section:Amritsar East Assembly constituency|Assembly Election 2022}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN MLA box
| state= Punjab
| constituency= Amritsar East
| before= [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] (INC)
| after=
| years= [[2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|2022]] – }}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaur, Jeevan Jyot}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Punjab, India MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]

Neline Mondal

2026-04-06T05:14:27Z

ClairBoone:

{{Short description|Belgian-born heritage conservationist and social activist in India}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Neline Mondal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = bn
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Néline Colassin
| birth_place = [[Leuven]], Belgium
| alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Artist|heritage conservationist|teacher|social worker|cultural activist}}
| years_active= 1988–present
| spouse = Ujjal Mondal
}}
'''Neline Mondal'''{{Efn|{{Langx|fr|Néline Mondal}}, {{IPA|fr|nelin mɔ̃dal}}; {{IPA|bn|nelin mɔɳɖɔl}}).}} ([[née]] '''Colassin''') is a Belgian-born artist, heritage conservationist, teacher, social worker and cultural activist based in [[India]].<ref>{{cite news
|last=ETV Bharat Bangla Team
|title=হুগলি নদীর তীরে মিনি ইউরোপ ! বাটিক প্রিন্টের মাধ্যমে কাপড়ে ফুটিয়ে তুললেন বিদেশিনী শিল্পী
|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/!state/artist-nelin-mondal-created-mini-europe-through-hand-prints-in-cloths-in-chandannagar-wbs24012401366
|work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]
|publisher=Ushodaya Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.
|date=24 January 2024
|access-date=12 February 2026
|quote=হুগলি নদীর তীরে ইউরোপের নানা উপনিবেশ ও তার ইতিহাসকে বাটিক প্রিন্টের মাধ্যমে কাপড়ে ফুটিয়ে তুললেন শিল্পী নেলিন মণ্ডল।}}</ref> She is best known for her work in heritage preservation in [[Chandannagar]], [[West Bengal]], and for her efforts to promote the Bengali language, culture, and built heritage.<ref name="TelegraphHouse">{{cite news
|last=Chaudhuri
|first=Prasun
|title=The House Whisperer |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/the-house-whisperer/cid/1454948
|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]
|publisher=[[ABP Group]]
|date=25 March 2018
|access-date=12 February 2026
}}</ref><ref name="Robbar">{{cite web |title=Neline Mondal: The Belgian lady who learned Bengali and Bengal culture |website=Robbar.in |url=https://robbar.in/daily-update/neline-mondal-the-belgian-lady-who-learn-bengali-and-bengal-culture/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|last=Haldar
|first=Rahi
|title=হুগলি জেলার প্রাচীন কাহিনী ফুটিয় তোলা হল মুর্শিদাবাদ সিল্কে
|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/south-bengal/ancient-history-of-mini-europe-hooghly-district-revealed-on-murshidabad-silk-l18-1481252.html
|work=[[News18 India]]
|publisher=Network18 Media and Investments Ltd
|date=30 January 2024
|access-date=12 February 2026
|quote=সেই সমস্ত পুরনো দিনের কাহিনী এবার ফুটে উঠেছে মুর্শিদাবাদ সিল্কের উপর। নেপথ্যে চন্দননগরের ফরাসি বউমা নলিনী মণ্ডল।}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mondal was born in [[Belgium]] and grew up in the [[Netherlands]]. She later moved to [[Paris]] for higher education, where she studied at the [[École normale supérieure (Paris)|École normale supérieure – PSL]] and earned advanced degrees in the life sciences, including a triple master's in physiology, cellular biology, and biochemistry.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

== Career ==
=== Arrival in India ===
In 1988, at the age of 24, Mondal arrived in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) as part of a [[UNESCO]] delegation working on [[HIV/AIDS]] awareness in India.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/> During her stay, she developed an interest in the former French colonial town of [[Chandannagar]], particularly its [[Jagaddhatri Puja]] celebrations and architectural heritage.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

She first visited Chandannagar on a weekend trip and was introduced to Ujjal Mondal, a local heritage worker involved in the restoration of the [[Institut Français|French Institute]] under a UNESCO project.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/> The two married in 1989.<ref name="Robbar"/>

=== Life in Chandannagar ===
After her marriage, Mondal settled in Chandannagar and moved into the ''Mondal Mansion'', a French colonial-era house built in 1741 on the banks of the [[Hooghly River]].<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/> The mansion, also known as ''Chine Bari'', originally contained around 85 rooms and was partially damaged over time due to floods, earthquakes, and river erosion.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

Mondal has described her transition from scientist to heritage conservationist as a result of her immersion into the Mondal family's historical legacy and the surrounding built heritage.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

=== Heritage conservation work ===
Mondal became actively involved in heritage conservation following the restoration of the French Institute in Chandannagar, a project funded by the late French president [[François Mitterrand]].<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/> She later became general secretary of the ''Human Heritage Charitable Trust'' in 2011, which works in education, poverty alleviation, socio-economic development, healthcare, environmental protection, and heritage preservation.<ref name="Robbar"/>

She is a member of the heritage initiative ''The Heritage & People of Chandernagore'', developed in collaboration with the Embassy of France in India, aimed at protecting historical structures and promoting public awareness.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

=== Mondal family history ===
The Mondal family is historically associated with Chandannagar's mercantile and zamindari traditions. According to family records and oral history, the Mondals were traders in salt, swords, wine, and grains, and later earned significant wealth by escorting merchant ships through pirate-infested waters of the [[Hooghly River]].<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/> The family reportedly maintained a private armed force and entered agreements with Portuguese pirates to ensure safe passage for ships bearing their flag.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

Family tradition holds that the Mondals ranked among the twenty wealthiest families in India in the late eighteenth century, and that the Mondal Mansion was among the largest private residences in the [[French India|French colonies of India]].<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

=== Cultural associations ===
Mondal has documented the cultural history of Chandannagar and the Mondal Mansion, including its association with the poet-singer [[Anthony Firingee]], who is believed to have managed a family salt godown and performed devotional songs in the mansion's ballroom.<ref name="TelegraphHouse"/>

She has also worked to preserve the memory of historical figures associated with Chandannagar, including mathematician and surveyor [[Radhanath Sikdar]], and played a role in securing approval for the installation of his statue near the Chandannagar Corporation building.<ref name="Robbar"/>

=== Language and cultural integration ===
Mondal learned [[Bengali language|Bengali]] through listening and daily interaction after arriving in West Bengal and later learned to read and write the language with the help of her husband using the traditional primer ''[[Barnaparichay]]''.<ref name="Robbar"/> She has frequently expressed admiration for [[Bengali literature]] and [[Culture of Bengal|culture]], citing [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Sri Aurobindo]], and has spoken about celebrating [[Pohela Boishakh]] and [[Durga Puja]] as part of her cultural life in Bengal.<ref name="Robbar"/>

== Personal life ==
Neline Mondal is married to Ujjal Mondal, also a heritage conservationist who has received a National Award in India for his work in protecting tribal heritage.<ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite web |title=Neline Mondal: This Belgian lady is protecting heritage in this small Bengal town |last=Roy |first=Pratyush |url=https://indianexpress.com/videos/news-video/neline-mondal-this-belgian-lady-is-protecting-heritage-in-this-small-bengal-town/ |date=15 October 2023 |access-date=13 February 2026 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> The couple reside in Chandannagar, West Bengal, where they continue their heritage conservation and cultural advocacy.

== Footnotes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Instagram|nelinechandernagor}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mondal, Neline}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Chandannagar]]
[[Category:Belgian expatriates in India]]
[[Category:People from Hooghly district]]

Rajdutt

2026-03-29T13:43:18Z

ClairBoone: made the info more to come.

{{BLP sources|date=May 2024}}
{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajdutt
| image = Rajdutt01.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Dattatray Ambadas Mayalu
| birth_date = 1932
| birth_place = Dhamangaon, [[Wardha district]], [[British Raj]] (now [[Maharashtra]], India)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| othername =
| alma_mater = GS College of Commerce, Wardha<ref name=":0" />
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|director}}
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| honours = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2023)
| website =
}}

'''Dattatray Ambadas Mayalu''' (born 1932), popularly known as '''Rajdutt''', is an Indian director and producer in the Marathi and Hindi film industries. He directed his first film ''Madhuchandra'' in 1967. He is a recipient of three [[National Film Awards]], three [[Filmfare Awards Marathi|Filmfare Award Marathi]], twelve [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]], [[V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award|V. Shantaram Award]] and [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Lifetime Achievement Award|Zee Gaurav Lifetime Achievement Award]] for his contribution in Marathi cinema. In 2024, the [[Government of India]], honoured him with [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian honour for his contributions to Indian culture through performing arts.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Rajdutt & Dole selected for Padma awards on R-Day eve |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/rajdutt-dole-selected-for-padma-awards-on-rday-eve-punenagpur/articleshow/107159650.cms?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17087160485892&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/rajdutt-dole-selected-for-padma-awards-on-rday-eve-punenagpur/articleshow/107159650.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rajdutt was born in Dhamangaon, [[Wardha district]] studied commerce before working for the Nagpur daily ''[[Tarun Bharat]]'' as a subeditor and theatre reviewer. Serving as [[Raja Paranjape|Raja Paranjpe]]'s assistant for twelve years and appearing in a few of his films, he later recreated ''Pudhcha Paool''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&q=rajdutt |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=2014-07-10 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Rajdutt, a prominent figure in Marathi cinema, began his career in [[Madras]], now [[Chennai]], where he established connections with [[AVM Productions|AVM Studios]]. He ventured into filmmaking in 1967 with ''Madhuchandra'', a successful experiment, and collaborated with Hindi music composer [[N. Datta]] for Marathi film music direction.

Following his debut, Rajdutt's career saw ups and downs until [[Bhalji Pendharkar]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]] assisted him in producing ''Gharchi Rani''. The film received accolades, including the [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film]], yet Rajdutt never sought personal recognition.

In 1969, ''Apradh'' earned him the State Government's First Prize. He went on to direct 28 films, garnering 14 awards in various categories, a unique feat in Marathi cinema.

Rajdutt's work delved into nationalism, societal issues, and philosophical themes, resonating with audiences. His film ''Devaki Nandan Gopala'' transcended [[Maharashtra]], reaching [[Karnataka]], Tamil Nadu, England, and the United States, even being showcased at international festivals like [[Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]] and [[Venice Film Festival|Venice]]. ''Shapit'' received recognition from the Russian Council.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FILM : National Film Archive of India presents "Devaki Nandan Gopala" Marathi with English subtitles > 7pm on 28th January 2019 |url=https://www.delhievents.com/2019/01/film-national-film-archive-india-devaki-gopala-marathi-india-habitat-centre.html |access-date= |website=Delhi Events}}</ref>

Furthermore, Rajdutt ventured into Hindi cinema with ''Eriya'', starring [[Sharmila Tagore]] and Mark Juber. His contributions earned him esteem nationally and internationally, making him a singular director in Marathi cinema.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Film
!Notes
|-
|1967
|''Madhuchandra''
|Debut as a director<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madhuchandra – Indiancine.ma Wiki |url=https://wiki.indiancine.ma/wiki/Madhuchandra |access-date= |website=wiki.indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|1968
|''Gharchi Rani''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gharchi Rani (1968) |url=https://indiancine.ma/MXE |access-date= |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>
|-
|1969
|''Apradh''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Marathi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=अपराध |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/aparadh-2/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=मराठी चित्रपट सूची |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1970
|''Dev Manoos''
|
|-
|''Dhakti Bahin''
|
|-
|1971
|''Jhep''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1973
|''Bholi Bhabadi''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]]
|-
|''Varhadi Ani Vajantri''
|
|-
|1975
|''Ya Sukhano Ya''
|
|-
|1977
|''Devaki Nandan Gopala''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Marathi]]
|-
|1978
|''Chandra Hota Sakshila''
|
|-
|1979
|''[[Ashtavinayak (film)|Ashtavinayak]]''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Film]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-08 |title=१९७५ मध्ये सांगलीतल्या कुटूंबात घडलेल्या सत्यघटनेवर आधारीत असणारा, अष्टविनायक सिनेमा. |url=https://bolbhidu.com/ashtavinayak-movie-sachin/ |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|1980
|''[[Bhalu]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title=Bhalu (1980) – Movie Review, Story, Trailers, Videos, Photos, Wallpapers, Songs, Trivia, Movie Tickets |url=http://www.gomolo.com/bhalu-movie/43101 |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010204428/http://www.gomolo.com/bhalu-movie/43101 |archive-date=10 October 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|1981
|''Are Sansar Sansar''
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |1982
|''Aplech Daat Aplech Oth''
|
|-
|''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]''
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=30th National Film Awards |url=https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/87_30thNfacatalogue.pdf |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025901/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/87_30thNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=8 November 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |1983
|''Raghu Maina''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]]
|-
|''Sasu Varchad Jawai''
|
|-
|''Hech Maze Maher''
|
|-
|1984
|''[[Mumbaicha Faujdar]]''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Second Film]]
|-
|1985
|''Ardhangi''
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Film]]
|-
| rowspan="4" |1986
|''Aaj Zale Mukta Mi''
|
|-
|''[[Maaficha Sakshidar]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Mohan Gokhale is dead |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1999/apr/29mohan.htm |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
|''Mazhe Ghar Mazha Sansar''
|
|-
|''Pudhcha Paool''
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=33rd National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725171812/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/84_33rdNfacatalogue.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2020 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |1987
|''Anandi Anand''
|
|-
|''[[Sarja (film)|Sarja]]''
|[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]]
|}

== Awards and honours ==

* 1968: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''Gharchi Rani''
* 1969: [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi|Filmfare Marathi Award for Best Director]] for ''Apradh''
* 1969: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''Apradh''
* 1973: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director|Maharashtra State Film Awards for Best Director]] for ''Bholi Bhabdi''
* 1979: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Ashtavinayak (film)|Ashtavinayak]]''
* 1982: [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi]] for ''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]''
* 1982: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]''
* 1982: [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Marathi]] for ''[[Shapit (1982 film)|Shapit]]''
* 1983: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''Raghu Maina''
* 1984: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''[[Mumbaicha Faujdar]]''
* 1985: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''Ardhangi''
* 1986: [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Director]] for ''Aaj Zale Mukta Me''
*2007: [[V. Shantaram Award]]
*2012: [[Zee Chitra Gaurav Lifetime Achievement Award]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0707381}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajdutt}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Marathi film directors]]
[[Category:People from Amravati district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Maharashtra]]

Nandani River

2026-03-27T06:14:24Z

ClairBoone:

{{Infobox river|name=Nandani River|mouth_coordinates={{coord|17|25|18|N|74|42|00|E|display=inline}}|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1=[[India]]|subdivision_type2=State|subdivision_name2=[[Maharashtra]]|region=Western Maharashtra|subdivision_name4=[[Satara district|Satara]], [[Sangli district|Sangli]]|subdivision_type4=District|source1_location=[[Khatav Taluka]], [[Satara district|Satara]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]|source1=Jaigaon (Near [[Aundh, Satara|Aundh]])|source1_elevation={{convert|914|m|abbr=on}}|source1_coordinates={{coord|17|57|07|N|74|24|37|E|display=inline}}|mouth_location=Shivani, [[Kadegaon|Kadegaon Taluka]], [[Sangli district|Sangli]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]|mouth=[[Yerla River|Yerala River]]|image=Amrapur Bridge on Nadani River.jpg|image_caption=Amrapur Bridge on Nadnai River in Kadegaon taluka of Sangli district}}

The '''Nandani River''' is a right tributary of [[Yerla River]] in India. It originates at Jaigaon and flows from [[Aundh, Satara|Aundh]] in [[Satara district|Satara]] district and its confluence to [[Yerla River|Yerala]] river occurs near Shivani village of [[Kadegaon|Kadegaon taluka]], in [[Sangli district|Sangli]] district of [[Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nandani River |title=Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgsmEAAAQBAJ&dq=vaduj&pg=PA9 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

== Course ==
Nandnai River basin located at upper [[Yerla River|Yerala]] river basin, a tributary of [[Krishna River|Krishna]] river basin India. The total length of Nandani river is 39 km. It starts from Jaigaon in [[Satara district|Satara]] district at 914 m above MSL and confluence at 551 m above MSL near Shivani in [[Kadegaon|Kadegaon Taluka]], of [[Sangli district|Sangli]] district in [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dry Spell and Wet Spell Characterization of Nandnai River Basin, Western Maharashtra, India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZgsmEAAAQBAJ&dq=vaduj&pg=PA9 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |access-date=18 April 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rivers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Krishna River]]
[[Category:Satara district]]
[[Category:Geography of Maharashtra]]

Agnee 2

2026-03-23T10:08:11Z

ClairBoone: slightly fixed lead for clarity further and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}{{Infobox film
| name = Agnee 2
| image = Agnee2SecondPoster.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = [[Iftakar Chowdhury]]
| producer = [[Abdul Aziz (filmmaker)|Abdul Aziz]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = {{Plainlist |
* [[Mahiya Mahi]]
* [[Om (actor)|Om Sahani]]
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]]
* [[Amit Hasan]]

}}
| music = {{Plainlist|
* [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]
* [[Akassh]]
}}
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jaaz Multimedia]]
* [[Eskay Movies]] (co-producer)
}}
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* [[Jaaz Multimedia]] (Worldwide)
* [[Eskay Movies]] (India)
}}
| runtime =
| released = {{Film date|2015|07|18}}
| country = Bangladesh India
| language = Bengali Chinese Malay
| gross = {{BDTConvert|39|m|year=2015}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.ntvbd.com/entertainment/6944/Agnee-2-burns-box-office|title=Agnee 2 Set new records in 1st week for a Bangladeshi film|lang=en|date=4 January 2018|newspaper=[[NTv Online]]|access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref>
}}
'''''Agnee 2''''' is a 2015 [[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]] [[action film]] directed by [[Iftakar Chowdhury]]. Produced by [[Abdul Aziz (filmmaker)|Abdul Aziz]] under the banner of [[Jaaz Multimedia]] and the film was co-produced by India's [[Eskay Movies]]. It is the second installment in the [[Agnee (franchise)|''Agnee'' film franchise]] and serves as a sequel to [[Agnee (2014 film)|''Agnee'']] (2014). The film stars [[Mahiya Mahi]] and [[Om (actor)|Om Sahani]] in the lead roles. Mahi is the only actress from the previous film to appear in ''Agnee 2'', with Om replacing [[Arifin Shuvoo]].<ref>{{cite news |title='I am not quitting' |url=http://en.prothom-alo.com/entertainment/news/61775/%E2%80%98I-am-not-quitting%E2%80%99 |newspaper=Prothom Alo |access-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513021152/http://en.prothom-alo.com/entertainment/news/61775/%E2%80%98I-am-not-quitting%E2%80%99 |archive-date=13 May 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

After the initial success of ''Agnee'' (2014), production company [[Jaaz Multimedia]] announced a sequel. Although the film was originally planned with the cast of the previous film, the film stalled for a while due to lead actor Arifin Shuvoo pulling out of the film due to professional differences and scheduling issues.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chatak |first=Hasan Mansoor |title=Arefin Shuvo excluded from Agnee 2 |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2014/may/31/arefin-shuvo-excluded-agnee-2 |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=4 May 2015}}</ref> Director Iftakar Chowdhury later roped in Indian actors [[Ashish Vidyarthi]], for the negative role, and Om, for the male lead. The film is produced by Abdul Aziz, his production company Jaaz Multimedia funded approximately 70% of the film's budget while [[Eskay Movies]] funded the rest.{{Cn|date=July 2024}}

The film was released on July 18, 2015, in [[Bangladesh]] during Eid weekend by Jaaz Multimedia and August 14, 2015, in India by Eskay Movies. Majority of the filming took place in [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web |title=From December 'agnee 2' |url=http://www.binodon69.com/article/31/ |website=binodon69.com |access-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504180054/http://www.binodon69.com/article/31/ |archive-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Plot==
After defeating Gulzar and his gang to avenge her father's death, Tanisha returns to Bangladesh with Sishir to live a normal life again. Sishir, Tanisha's boyfriend, once a deadly assassin and a member of Gulzar's crime syndicate, later helps Tanisha. He decides to permanently return to Bangladesh for Tanisha but fails to return as Python, Gulzar's brother and leader of a large crime syndicate, kills him to take revenge for his brother's death. Saddened by the death of Sishir, Tanisha vows to kill Python, even at the cost of her own life, however, Python's real identity is hidden from the outside world, therefore, she doesn't know who or where he is. Tanisha decides to trace Python's location by tracking the movements and activities from other infamous criminals. Tanisha traces python's location to [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:‘অগ্নি-২’-এর প্রচারে মাহি-ওম |url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/2015/07/14/-----2 |work=bdnews24 |language=bn |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717025127/http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/2015/07/14/-----2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Saha |first=Jayanta |script-title=bn:‘অগ্নি-২’ দিয়েই ঘুরে দাঁড়াবো – ওম |url=http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article997232.bdnews |newspaper=bdnews24.com |language=bn |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=18 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718002737/http://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article997232.bdnews |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Tanisha comes across a criminal Eshan, whose identity is concealed from her, however he knows her and her intention behind coming to Thailand. Eshan is a member of Python's crime organization. As he spends more time with her, Eshan falls in love with Tanisha while she is looking to kill him. Expecting nothing in return, Eshan vows to help Tanisha take revenge on Python and also decides to turn himself in afterwards. Still in love with her late lover, who she once decided to spend her life with, will Tanisha accept Eshan's love, or will she take revenge for the death of Sishir by killing Eshan, who Tanisha believes is involved in death of Sishir? Or is it someone else?

==Cast==
* [[Mahiya Mahi]] as Tanisha aka Agnee
* [[Om (actor)|Om Sahani]] as Ishan
* [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] as [[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Golden Triangle]] King Nilkantha Nag aka Python
* [[Amit Hasan]] as [[Interpol]] officer Mithun Sarkar
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Ganesh Da
* [[Kaushik Banerjee]] as Tanisha's father
* [[Supriyo Dutta]] as Lingesan, South Indian arms dealer
* [[Raja Dutta]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Amit Hasan's two movies in Eid |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/58330/amit-hasans-two-movies-in-eid.html |work=The New Nation |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=19 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419102839/https://thedailynewnation.com/news/58330/amit-hasans-two-movies-in-eid.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Arifin Shuvoo]] as Shishir/Dragon (Archive Footage from [[Agnee (2014 film)|Agnee]])
* [[Tiger Robi]] as Kalam Chowdhury, Arms dealer in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar borders

==Production==
After initial success of ''[[Agnee (2014 film)|Agnee]]'', production company Jaaz Multimedia immediately announced the sequel and retained the same leading cast. However, actor [[Arifin Shuvoo]] dropped out of the project shortly after due to scheduling and personal differences with the management. The principal photography for the film began in January 2015 and [[Om Sahani|Om]] was signed to play the male lead while Tiger Robi and [[Ashish Vidyarthi]] were signed for the negative roles. Only [[Mahiya Mahi]] reprises her role from the first film with almost the entire cast of ''Agnee'' being replaced in the sequel. The film's first lot of shooting began in [[Thailand]] and lasted until April. Rest of the film was shot in [[Bangladesh]] while several shoots also took place in India.

==Soundtrack==
The film's soundtrack was very well received by the audience. The album received critical and commercial success.

The soundtrack album consists of five tracks. The film's first track titled "Magic Mamoni" was first released on Jaaz Multimedia's official YouTube channel on 4 June 2015. The track was seen more than a million times on YouTube in the first week, becoming the fastest Bangladeshi film to cross a million views on the platform. The track was composed by [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]] and sung by [[Neha Kakkar]]. The film's second track "Ek Khan Chumu" was released online on 11 June 2015. The track was sung by [[Benny Dayal]]. Another track titled "Allah Jaane" was released on 18 June 2015, while the romantic track "Tore Khuji" was released on 12 July 2015.

===Track listing===

{{track listing
| all_writing =
| extra_column=Singer(s)
| title1= Magic Mamoni
| length1= 3:00
| lyrics1= Riddhi
| music1= [[Savvy Gupta|Savvy]]
| extra1= [[Neha Kakkar]]
| title2= Akk Khan Chumu
| length2= 3:52
| lyrics2= [[Priyo Chatterjee]]
| music2= [[Akassh]]
| extra2= [[Benny Dayal]]
| title3= Allah jane
| length3= 3:48
| lyrics3= Priyo Chatterjee
| music3= Akaash
| extra3= [[Nakash Aziz]], Lemis
| title4= Baanjara
| length4= 4:12
| lyrics4= Priyo Chatterjee
| music4= Akaash
| extra4= [[Mohammed Irfan (singer)|Mohammad Irfan]]
| title5= Tore Khuji
| length5= 3:52
| lyrics5= Akassh, Tuhin, Rajdeep
| music5= Akaash
| extra5= Akaash
| total_length = 18:44
}}

==Release==
Agnee 2 was released in 104 theaters screens in Bangladesh on [[Eid al-Fitr]], 18 July 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Babu |first=Mazhar |script-title=bn:ঈদে ১০৩ হলে চলবে অগ্নি-২ |url=https://www.ntvbd.com/entertainment/14801/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A9-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A7%A8 |work=NTV |date=16 July 2015 |language=bn}}</ref> The film was distributed in Bangladesh under the banner of [[Jaaz Multimedia]]. The film was also scheduled to release in India on the same day, however the release date was later postponed to 14 August 2015.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:ঈদে মুক্তি পাচ্ছে জাজ-এর ব্যয়বহুল সিনেমা অগ্নি-২ |url=http://www.dailyinqilab.com/details/20559/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A7%A8 |work=Daily Inqilab |language=bn |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717164051/http://www.dailyinqilab.com/details/20559/%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A7%A8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The film was released in West Bengal, India in 45 theaters by [[Eskay Movies]]. The film was released in Australia on 23 August 2015.

==Reception==
[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|''The Daily Star'']] gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars. The reviewer praised the action and dance sequences, but was critical of the lack of depth in the storyline.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 August 2015 |author=Showbiz team |title=Movie Review: Agnee 2 |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/movie-review/bangla/agnee-2-126952 |newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] }}</ref>

==Sequel==
During the release of ''Agnee 2'', Director [[Iftakar Chowdhury]] officially announced the third installation titled ''Agnee 3''.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:এবার অগ্নি-৩ |url=http://www.bdanswer.com/news/126563 |website=BDAnswer |language=bn |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923182930/http://www.bdanswer.com/news/126563 |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref> The film will retain Mahiya Mahi in the lead role.<ref>{{cite news |last=Shanto |first=Aminul |script-title=bn:আসছে অগ্নি-৩ |url=https://www.risingbd.com/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A7%A9/116615 |work=Rising BD |language=bn |access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Bangladeshi film series]]
* [[List of Indian film series]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal bar|Film}}
* {{IMDb title|tt4833384|Agnee 2}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2015 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Bangladeshi films]]
[[Category:films about terrorism]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi action films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Films set in Thailand]]
[[Category:Films scored by Savvy Gupta]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi sequel films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thailand]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Jaaz Multimedia films]]
[[Category:Films about the illegal drug trade]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian gangster films]]
[[Category:Films shot in India]]
[[Category:Films about Interpol]]
[[Category:Films about assassinations]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Films about contract killing]]
[[Category:Girls with guns films]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Eskay Movies films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Iftakar Chowdhury]]

Indranil Manna

2026-03-22T14:24:53Z

ClairBoone: made the post w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian academics}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Indranil Manna
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|1|22}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = VC of [[BIT Mesra]]
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}

'''Indranil Manna''' is an academician, currently serving as the Vice Chancellor of [[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra|Birla Institute of Technology]], Mesra (BIT Mesra), Jharkhand, India.<ref>{{cite web|url=
https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/ranchi-iit-kharagpur-professor-dr-indranil-manna-becomes-the-new-vice-chancellor-of-bit-mesra-ranchi-jharkhand-jhnj-3193799.html
|title= IIT Kharagpur professor Dr. Indranil Manna becomes the new Vice Chancellor of BIT Mesra |website=News18 |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

Manna is a fellow of [[Indian Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fellows.ias.ac.in/profile/v/FL2008018|title= Fellow -Profile |website=Indian Academy of Sciences |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> and The [[National Academy of Sciences, India|National Academy of Science, India]],.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nasi.org.in/subject/manna-indranil |title= Fellow -Profile |website=National Academy of Sciences India |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> He was a former vice-president of [[Indian National Science Academy]] (INSA), New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://insaindia.res.in/council-list/|title= Council List |website=INSA India |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> and [[Indian National Academy of Engineering]] (INAE).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inae.in/about-us/committees/governing-council-2/|title= Governing Council List |website=INAE |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://telanganatoday.com/senior-drdl-scientist-conferred-with-inae-fellowship |title= Senior DRDL Scientist Conferred With INAE Fellowship |website=Telangana Today |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==

Manna was born on January 22, 1961, in Kolkata. He completed his secondary education and higher secondary education from Pannalal Institution, Kalyani, W.B. He completed his bachelor's degree in engineering from [[University of Calcutta]] (1983) and master's degree from [[IIT Kanpur]] (1984). He obtained his PhD from [[IIT Kharagpur]] in 1990. In 2017, he also received Honorary Doctor of Science Degrees DSc (hc) from two different universities such as [[Kazi Nazrul University]] and [[University of Kalyani]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=
https://www.ndtv.com/kanpur-news/indranil-manna-appointed-as-iit-kanpur-director-499164
|title= Indranil Manna appointed as IIT-Kanpur Director |website=NDTV |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.inae.in/storage/2022/05/INAE_Year_Book_2022_Med.pdf |title= INAE Year Book 2022|website=NDTV |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

Manna started his career as a lecturer at IIT Kharagpur (1985) and reached the post of professor in 2003. In 2009, he became HAG Professor. He was appointed as the director of the [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute|CGCRI]] in March 2010 where he served for two years.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.cgcri.res.in/about-us/governance/director/past-directors/indranil-manna/|title= Past Directors |website=CGCRI |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> He also served as the Director of IIT, Kanpur from 2012 to 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/notification/story/iit-kanpur-new-director-120886-2012-11-07 |title= IIT Kanpur, New Director |website=India Today |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

== Research ==

His research focus include [[Nanostructured Materials|nanostructured materials]], laser/plasma aided surface engineering,
bainitic and special steel, microstructure-property correlation, nanofluid and ferrofluid and other similar areas.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.iitkgp.ac.in/department/MT/faculty/mt-imanna |title= I Manna |website=IITKGP |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref> He has made several contributions in the studies of nano-fluid and laser/plasma assisted surface engineering, and amorphous/nanocrystalline Al-alloys. His work centered on tiny crystalline and structureless materials that strengthen aluminium alloys and steel and allow engineers to do more on the nanometre scale.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/16378615.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |title= Indranil Manna is new IIT Kanpur Director |website=Times of India |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

== Awards ==

He is a recipient of Premchand Raichand Scholarship (PRS) in the field of Applied Physics from Kolkata University, a [[TWAS Prize]] Winner in Engineering (for new methods for designing ceramic and metallic objects) and Jagadish Chandra Bose Fellowship Awardee.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://twas.org/indranil-manna-2013-twas-prize-winner-engineering|title= TWAS Prize Winner Engineering |website=Twas |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>
He also received Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (2001) <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/vernetzen/recherche-im-humboldt-netzwerk/einzelansicht/1070920/prof-dr-indranil-manna |title= Prof. Dr. Indranil Manna |website= Humboldt-foundation |accessdate=11 June 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ET5hqQwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Google Scholar Profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manna, Indranil}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kanpur alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]

Vishnu Vijay

2026-03-19T02:57:23Z

ClairBoone: Minor edits and structural improvements

{{short description|Indian film score composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Vishnu Vijay
| image = Vishnu vijay.jpg
| alias =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|12|01}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]], India
| genre = {{hlist|[[Film score]]|[[Filmi]]}}
| instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|flute}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Music producer|music director|flautist}}
| years_active = 2005–present
| label =
| website =
}}

'''Vishnu Vijay''' is an Indian music composer and a prolific flautist<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/The-magic-flute/article15693932.ece|title=The magic flute |work=[[The Hindu]]| language=English|accessdate=14 March 2017 |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref> who works predominantly in [[Malayalam cinema]]. His film music career began with the 2016 Malayalam film ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]''. His other works include ''[[Ambili (film)|Ambili]]'' (2019), ''[[Thallumaala]]'' (2022), ''[[Sulaikha Manzil]]'' (2023), ''[[Premalu]]'' (2024).

==Early life==
Vijay has attended Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram for schooling then bachelor of performing arts degree and is a vocal music graduate from [[Swathi Thirunal College of Music]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. He has received musical training from [[Kudamaloor Janardanan]].

==Career==
Vishnu has worked with composers [[Devi Sri Prasad]] in Tamil and Telugu and also with [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]], [[Vijay Antony]] and Santhosh Narayanan in Tamil, prior to making it into the Malayalam industry. He has also worked with Amit Trivedi. In Malayalam he has associated with [[Ouseppachan]], [[Gopi Sunder]], [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] and [[Deepak Dev]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Making-waves-in-Mollywood/article14574419.ece|title=Making waves in Mollywood |work=[[The Hindu]]| language=English|accessdate=14 March 2017 |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]]}}</ref>

===Scoring and soundtracks===
Vijay debuted as an independent music composer through the 2016 Malayalam movie [[Guppy (film)|Guppy]].

==Awards==
*[[Kerala State Film Awards|47th Kerala State Film Awards]] – [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]] – [[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]

==Discography==
{| class="wikitable sortable" class="wikitable"
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Guppy (film)|Guppy]]'' || rowspan="11" | [[Malayalam]] || Won the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music]]
|-
| 2019
|''[[Ambili (film)|Ambili]]'' ||
|-
|rowspan=2|2021
|''[[Nayattu (2021 film)|Nayattu]]''||
|-
|''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]''||
|-
|rowspan=3|2022
|''[[Pada (film)|Pada]]''||
|-
|''[[Makal]]''||Songs only
|-
|''[[Thallumaala]]''||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2023
|''[[Sulaikha Manzil]]''||
|-
|''[[Kasargold]]''
|The album also features songs by [[Niranj Suresh]]
|-
|''[[Falimy]]''
| Also credited as singer for three songs
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2024 ||''[[Premalu]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-03-17 |title='Was flattered when 'Animal' director retaliated': Javed Akhtar on Sandeep Reddy Vanga's 'remarks' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2024/Mar/17/was-flattered-when-animal-director-retaliated-javed-akhtar-on-sandeep-reddy-vangas-remarks |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Laughing Buddha (film)|Laughing Buddha]]''
|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=2024-08-30 |title=Laughing Buddha review: A flab-ulous Pramod Shetty fronts a fun watch |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada/laughing-buddha-movie-review/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The South First |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2025 || ''[[Pravinkoodu Shappu]]'' || rowspan="3" | Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-12 |title=Audio launch of Basil Joseph and Soubin Shahir's Pravinkoodu Shappu to take place on this date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/12/audio-launch-of-basil-joseph-and-soubin-shahirs-pravinkoodu-shappu-to-take-place-on-this-date |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Alappuzha Gymkhana]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2025-03-18 |title=First single from Naslen-starrer Alappuzha Gymkhana is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Mar/18/first-single-from-naslen-starrer-alappuzha-gymkhana-is-here |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lovely (2025 film)|Lovely]]'' ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santhosh |first=Vivek |date=2025-01-14 |title=Mathew Thomas-starrer Lovely confirms release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jan/14/mathew-thomas-starrer-lovely-confirms-release-date |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2026 || ''[[Thalaivar Thambi Thalaimaiyil]]'' || Tamil ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-18 |title=Thalaivar Thambi Thalaimaiyil box office day 3: Jiiva-starrer shows sharp growth despite stiff competition |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Jan/18/thalaivar-thambi-thalaimaiyil-box-office-day-3-jiiva-starrer-shows-sharp-growth-despite-stiff-competition |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film| [[Bethlehem Kudumba Unit]]}} || Malayalam ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-02 |title=Bethlehem Kudumba Unit: Girish AD's next with Nivin Pauly and Mamitha Baiju begins |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Jan/02/bethlehem-kudumba-unit-girish-ads-next-with-nivin-pauly-and-mamitha-baiju-begins |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}



{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijay, Vishnu}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]
[[Category:Indian flautists]]
[[Category:Indian record producers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]

{{India-musician-stub}}
[[Category:Kannada film score composers]]

Ramyatna Shukla

2026-03-15T04:03:38Z

ClairBoone: made the post from scratch

{{Short description|Indian scholar and linguist (1932–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ramyatna Shukla
| honorific_prefix = [[Acharya]]
| honorific_suffix =
| image = IMC-1.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| alt =
| caption = Acharya Ramyatna Shukla
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|1|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bhadohi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|9|20|1932|1|15|df=y}}
| death_place =
| other_names =
| education = PhD, D.Lit.
| alma_mater = [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya]] Indian Institute of Oriental Heritage
| occupation = Scholar, Linguist
| years_active =
| known_for = Contributions to [[Sanskrit language]] and [[Sanskrit literature]]
| notable_works = ''Vyakaran Darshne Shristi Prakriya Vimarsha''
| title = President of Kashi Vidvat Parishad
| spouse =
| children =
| father = Ramniranjan Shukla
| mother = Maina Devi
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2021) President Award (1998) Keshav Award [[K. K. Birla Foundation|Vachaspati Award]] [[Vishwa Bharti Award]]
| website =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
}}

[[File:IMC-2.jpg|thumb|250x250px|[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrTPgKjGtEA Padma Shree Awardee-2021]]]
'''Ramyatna Shukla''', also written '''Ram Yatna Shukla''' (1932−2022) was an Indian scholar and linguist of the [[Sanskrit Language]] from [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and contributed to conserving ancient and Sanskrit texts.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Alakha |title=SSVV को अंतरराष्ट्रीय विश्वविद्यालय बनाने की उठी मांग |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/career/story-demand-for-making-ssvv-an-international-university-by-prof-ramyatna-shukla-3827567.html |publisher=Hindustan |date=1 February 2021 |language=Hindi}}</ref> He was the President of [[Kashi Vidvat Parishad]], a body of scholars and saints in India. He was also known as '''Abhinav Panini''', named after Sanskrit philologist and grammarian [[Pāṇini]]. He contributed to inventing new methods of [[Sanskrit grammar]] and [[Vedanta]] teaching and modernization. He was the recipient of [[Padma Shri]] in 2021. He ran a program to connect the new generation with [[Sanskrit]] by providing free education.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=Raghavendra |title=मुफ्त में संस्कृत की शिक्षा दे रहे हैं आचार्य रामयत्न शुक्ल, अब मिला पद्मश्री सम्मान |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/acharya-ramayatan-shukla-giving-sanskrit-education-for-free-gets-padma-shri-award/videoshow/80470262.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=27 January 2021}}</ref>

== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Acharya Ramyatna Shukla was born on 15 January 1932 at Village Kala Tulshi which is situated in [[Bhadohi district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He holds a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit University|Sampurna Nand Sanskrit University]], [[Varanasi]] and a [[Doctor of Letters|D.Lit.]] from the Indian Institute of Oriental Heritage, [[Kolkata]]. His father, Ramniranjan Shukla, was also a renowned scholar of Sanskrit and His mother Maina Devi was House wife. Acharya Ramyatna Shukla had also learned [[Yoga]], [[Vedas]] and [[scriptures]] from [[Swami Karpatri]] and Swami Chetan Bharati.<ref name=source/>

=== Career ===
[[File:President Award-1998.jpg|thumb|200px|right|President Award in 1998]]
He established Uttar Pradesh Nagkoop Sastrath Samiti and Sanatan Sanskriti Samvardhan Parishad, both organisations are engaged in uplifting the [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit language]] and moral values of society.<ref name=source>{{cite news |last1=Bhadauria |first1=Yogesh |title=नहीं रहे व्याकरण के पुरोधा पद्मश्री रामयत्न शुक्ल, 90 वर्ष की आयु में काशी में ली अंतिम सांस |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/up-varanasi-padmashree-ramayatna-shukla-passes-away-mourning-among-scholars-of-kashi/articleshow/94340386.cms |publisher=[[Navbharat Times]] |date=21 September 2022}}</ref>

He served as the HOD and Dean of [[Sampurnanand Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya]] in 1992. As an educator, he served as the principal, lecturer and visiting faculty of various institutes, including [[Banaras Hindu University]], [[French Institute of Pondicherry]] and [[Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University]].
He has authored many books and his research paper has been published in numerous publications and magazines. ''Vyakaran Darshne Shristi Prakriya Vimarsha'' is one of his notable works.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Vyakaran Darsane Srishti Prakriya Vimarsh of Acharya Ram Yatna shukla |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/vyakaran-darsane-srishti-prakriya-vimarsh-of-acharya-ram-yatna-shukla-mzd836/ |website=Exotic India |publisher=Luminous Books}}</ref> He died on 20 September 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Anurag |title=महामहोपाध्याय पद्मश्री प्रो. रामयत्न शुक्ल का तिरोधान, प्रधानमंत्री मोदी और केंद्रीय गृह मंत्री अमित शाह ने शोक जताया |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/varanasi-city-era-of-kashi-scholarly-and-scholarly-tradition-came-to-an-end-mahamahopadhyay-padmashree-prof-ramyatna-shukla-death-23085417.html |publisher=[[Dainik Jagran]] |date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=PM condoles the demise of Prof Ram Yatna Shukla, President Kashi Vidvat Parishad |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1861035 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=UP Guv, CM remember Padma Shri Prof Shukla |url=http://www.uniindia.com/up-guv-cm-remember-padma-shri-prof-shukla/north/news/2826580.html |publisher=[[United News of India]] |date=22 September 2022}}</ref>

== Honours ==
He is the recipient of over 25 awards and a few notable awards include the President Award, Keshav Award, Vachaspati Award and Vishwabharti award. He was given the title of [[Mahamahopadhyaya]]. In 2021, Ramyatna Shukla was awarded the fourth highest civilian honour of India [[Padma Shri]] in the social work category.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pamdma Shri Prof. Ram Yatna Shukla |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Content/CitationsForTickets/2021/202199.pdf |website=Padmaawards.gov.in |publisher=Indian government |date=2019}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Pāṇini]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Social Work}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Ramyatna}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bhadohi district]]
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Sanskrit grammarians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian linguists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:Sampurnanand Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

{{India-academic-bio-stub}}

R. Madhesh

2026-03-10T11:01:30Z

ClairBoone: minor update

{{Short description|Indian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Madhesh R.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Madhesh in 2014
| name = R. Madhesh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1971|12|23}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = Director, producer, [[Screenplay|screenwriter]]
| years_active=1993-present
}}
'''Ramana Madhesh''' (born 23 December 1971), known as '''R. Madhesh''', is an Indian [[film director|director]], [[film producer|producer]] and [[screenwriter|writer]] in [[Tamil cinema]]. He is mainly known for his debut film ''[[Madhurey]]'' (2004) and [[Vijayakanth]]'s 150th film ''[[Arasangam]]'' (2008).<ref name="glitz">{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/article/284949 |work=Toronto Star |date=13 December 2007 |title=Vijaykanth and his crew take to the GTA for the Tamil film Arasangam |first=Gloria |last=Elayadathusseril |accessdate=22 May 2010}}</ref>

==Career==
Madhesh works in [[Tamil cinema]] as a [[film director|director]], [[film producer|producer]] and [[screenwriter|writer]]. He worked as an assistant director for [[S. Shankar]] for ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993), ''[[Kaadhalan]]'' (1994), ''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]'' (1996), ''[[Jeans (film)|Jeans]]'' (1998) and ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' (1999). He began his career by financing Shankar's ''Mudhalvan''.<ref name="C"/> He has distributed many movies including ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' (2002) and ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' (2002).<ref name="C">{{cite web |url=http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/ma.asp |title=Madhesh, producer, director, distributor... |work=Chennai Online |accessdate=14 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129155630/http://archives.chennaionline.com/interviews/ma.asp |archivedate=29 January 2010 }}</ref>

After initially being signed as the director for ''[[Jai (2004 Tamil film)|Jai]]'', he made his directorial debut with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in ''[[Madhurey]]'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=27 May 2012 |title=Maverick maker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/maverick-maker/article3459146.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115140854/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/maverick-maker/article3459146.ece |archive-date=15 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Madhesh has directed other movies including the crime thriller ''[[Arasangam]]'' (2008) and the action comedy ''[[Mirattal]]'' (2012). He has also co-written and directed the 2016 Marathi movie ''[[Friends (2016 film)|Friends]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/friends/movie-review/50590886.cms |title=Friends Movie Review |work=The Times of India |date=15 January 2016}}</ref> In 2018, Madhesh directed the Tamil horror thriller ''[[Mohini (2018 film)|Mohini]]'', which starred [[Trisha (actress)|Trisha]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/mohini/movie-review/65162151.cms |title=Mohini Movie Review |work=The Times of India |date=27 July 2018}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of R. Madhesh film credits
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:25px;" scope="col" | Year
! rowspan="2" style="width:175px;" scope="col" | Film
! colspan="3" scope="col" | Credited as
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! rowspan=2 class="unsortable" scope="col" | Ref.
|-
! width=65 scope="col" |Director
!Writer
! width="65" scope="col" |Producer
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' || {{partial|Assistant}}
|{{no}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Chocolate (2001 film)|Chocolate]]'' || {{no}}
|{{partial|Story}}|| {{yes}} || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || ''[[Thulluvadho Ilamai]]'' || {{no}}
|{{no}} || {{partial|Distributor}} || ||
|-
| ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'' || {{no}}
|{{no}} || {{partial|Distributor}} || ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Madhurey]]'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Arasangam]]'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{no}} || ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Mirattal]]'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{no}} || Remake; original story writer not credited ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Kochadaiiyaan]]'' || {{partial|Creative}}
|{{no}} || {{no}} || ||
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Friends (2016 film)|Friends]]'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{yes}} || [[Marathi language|Marathi]] remake; original story writer not credited ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Mohini (2018 film)|Mohini]]'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{no}} || ||
|-
| 2026 || ''Sandakkari'' || {{yes}}
|{{yes}}|| {{no}} || Remake; original story writer not credited ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1703622}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Madhesh, Rathnappa}}
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film producers]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:1971 births]]

Chandramukhi

2026-03-10T10:42:43Z

ClairBoone: improved article

{{short description|2005 film by P. Vasu}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Chandramukhi poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[P. Vasu]]
| producer = [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]]
| screenplay = P. Vasu
| story = [[Madhu Muttam]] (uncredited)
| starring = [[Rajinikanth]] Prabhu [[Jyothika]] [[Vadivelu]] [[Nayanthara]]
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[Sekhar V. Joseph]]
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = [[Sivaji Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|2005|04|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 164 minutes<ref name="Bluray" />
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}19 crore<ref name="bg">{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Arun |date=20 June 2005 |title=Return of the king |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19700101-with-chandramukhi-tamil-superstar-rajnikant-revives-his-fading-career-787399-2005-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925135648/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/with-chandramukhi-tamil-superstar-rajnikant-revives-his-fading-career/1/193427.html |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |url-status=live |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR}}60–90 crore<ref>{{Cite news |last=Govardan |first=D. |date=10 December 2006 |title=Only Rajini can |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/only-rajini-can/articleshow/756523.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221105340/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/only-rajini-can/articleshow/756523.cms |archive-date=21 February 2024 |access-date=3 June 2023 |work=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="niebo" /><ref>{{Cite news |title='Baashha' to 'Kabali': Highest grossing films of Rajinikanth |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/baashha-to-kabali-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth/photostory/64543492.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726180816/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/baashha-to-kabali-highest-grossing-films-of-rajinikanth/photostory/64543492.cms |archive-date=26 July 2023 |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''Chandramukhi''''' ({{translation|Moon-faced lady}}) is a 2005 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[psychological horror|psychological]] [[comedy horror]] film written and directed by [[P. Vasu]]. It is a remake of Vasu's [[Kannada]] film ''[[Apthamitra]]'' (2004) which itself was based on the [[Malayalam]] film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' (1993). The film stars [[Rajinikanth]], [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] and [[Jyothika]] along with an ensemble supporting cast, including [[Vadivelu]], [[Nayanthara]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] and [[Sheela]]. It revolves around a woman who has [[dissociative identity disorder]] that affects a family, and a psychiatrist who intends to solve the case while risking his life.

''Chandramukhi'' was produced by Prabhu and his brother [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] through their company [[Sivaji Productions]], and is the company's 50th film. The [[Chandramukhi (2005 soundtrack)|soundtrack album and background score]] were composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]. Cinematography was handled by [[Sekhar V. Joseph]] and editing was done by [[Suresh Urs]]. [[Principal photography]] began on 24 October 2004 and was completed in March 2005.

''Chandramukhi'' was released on 14 April 2005 on the eve of the [[Tamil New Year]]. The film became a major box office success, the [[List of highest-grossing Tamil films|highest grossing Tamil film of the year]] with a theatrical run of 890 days at [[Shanti Theatre]]. The film won five [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]], four Film Fans' Association Awards and two [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]]. Jyothika and Vadivelu were each awarded a [[Kalaimamani]] Award for their work on the film. A sequel ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' was released in 2023.

== Plot ==
Dr. Saravanan, a psychiatrist, visits India on vacation. He meets up with his foster brother Senthilnathan, alias Senthil, and his wife Ganga. Senthil's mother Kasthuri, wanted Senthil to marry Priya, the daughter of his father's cousin, Kandaswamy, to reunite the two branches of the family after 30 years of separation because Senthil's father chose to marry Kasthuri instead of Akhilandeshwari, Kandaswamy's sister. Saravanan learns that Senthil had bought the Vettaiyapuram mansion, despite attempts by the local village elders to dissuade them, and moves in with them. Akhilandeshwari is jealous of Saravanan and plots to kill him with the help of her assistant Oomaiyan.

When the family visits a temple, the chief priest reveals the reason everyone fears the Vettaiyapuram mansion. A hundred and fifty years earlier, a king named Vettaiyan travelled to [[Vizianagaram district|Vijayanagaram]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], where he met and lusted after a dancer named Chandramukhi. However, she did not reciprocate his feelings as she was already in love with a dancer named Gunashekaran. As a result, Vettaiyan took her back to his palace by force. Unknown to him, Chandramukhi made Gunashekaran stay in a house nearby and had meetings with him secretly. When Vettaiyan discovered this, he beheaded Gunashekaran on [[Durga Puja|Durgashtami]] and burnt Chandramukhi alive. As a result, Chandramukhi's ghost haunts the south-west room of the palace to take revenge on the king. Later, Vishwanathan, a dance professor, and Priya's love is supported by Saravanan, who asks Kandaswamy to arrange their marriage.

After hearing Chandramukhi's story, Ganga, who thinks that the story was fabricated to scare thieves from stealing treasures in the room, wants to go there. Saravanan receives an email to attend a patient and assures Senthil to call him if anything happens before leaving. Ganga gets the room key from the gardener's granddaughter, Durga, and opens the door. Subsequently, strange things begin to happen in the household; a ghost frightens the people in the house, things inexplicably break, and Ganga's ''[[sari]]'' catches fire. Suspicion turns towards Durga. Senthil calls Saravanan to solve the case. As soon as Saravanan returns, a mysterious being tries to kill Priya. Attempts to kill Senthil are made with poison and by pushing a fish tank. A mysterious voice sings during the night. Saravanan investigates these incidents.

Ganga mysteriously disappears during Priya and Viswanathan's wedding reception. Saravanan notices her absence and searches for her, but he is almost killed by Oomaiyan, who has been sent by Akhilandeshwari. Saravanan subdues Oomaiyan and, with Senthil's help, finds Ganga, who is supposedly being sexually harassed by Viswanathan. Saravanan reveals to Senthil and Viswanathan that Ganga has [[Dissociative identity disorder|split personality]], how she became affected by it and how she took up Chandramukhi's identity. He tells them Ganga tried to kill Priya and Senthil, and to frame Viswanathan for sexual harassment because, from Chandramukhi's view, Viswanathan is her lover Gunashekaran, since he stays in the same house as Gunashekaran did. The only way to stop this from happening is to make Ganga believe Saravanan is dead because Saravanan acted like Vettaiyan and disrupted one of the [[Puja (Hinduism)|''pujas'']] conducted by the exorcist Ramachandra Acharya by conversing with the ghost to know its wish.

Akhilandeshwari overhears Saravanan's idea of self-sacrifice and apologises to him. Later, in the dance hall, the family witnesses Ganga completely dressed up as Chandramukhi, with disheveled hair and a spooky gaze. Saravanan uses Viswanathan as Gunashekaran to lure Chandramukhi into the exorcism place and Ramachandra Acharya allows Chandramukhi to burn Saravanan alive. Ramachandra Acharya blows smoke and ash on Ganga's face when she is given a torch to burn Saravanan. Senthil then opens a trapdoor to let Saravanan escape, and an effigy of Vettaiyan gets burnt instead. Convinced that Vettaiyan is dead, Chandramukhi leaves Ganga's body, curing her. The two families are reunited after 30 years; Saravanan and Durga fall in love, and Swarna and Murugesan become parents after eight years of marriage.

== Cast ==

{{Cast listing|
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Saravanan and Vettaiyan Raja
* [[Prabhu (actor)|Prabhu]] as Senthilnathan "Senthil"
* [[Jyothika]] as Ganga and Chandramukhi
* [[Vadivelu]] as Murugesan
* [[Nayanthara]] as Durga
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Kandaswamy
* [[Vineeth]] as Viswanathan and Gunasekaran
* [[Vijayakumar (Tamil actor)|Vijayakumar]] as Durga's grandfather
* [[Sheela]] as Akhilandeswari
* [[K. R. Vijaya]] as Kasthuri
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Ramachandra Acharyar
* [[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]] as Kumar
* [[Manobala]] as a fake exorcist
* [[Keerikkadan Jose|Mohan Raj]] as Nair
* [[Sonu Sood]] as Oomaiyan
* [[Madhan Bob]] as a car owner
* [[T. P. Gajendran]] as Senthilnathan's assistant
* [[Malavika (actress)|Malavika]] as Priya Viswanathan
* [[Vinaya Prasad]] as Laxmi Kandaswamy
* [[Suvarna Mathew]] as Suvarna Murugesan
* [[Sujibala]] as Kandaswamy's youngest daughter
* [[Unnikrishnan Namboothiri]] as the temple priest
* [[Periya Karuppu Thevar]] as a locksmith
* [[Siva Narayana Murthy]] as the Eloor panchayat head
* [[Pondy Ravi]] as a Ganesh Constructions worker
* Praharshitha as Bommi<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2016 |title=அந்தக் குழந்தையே நான்தான் - ' சந்திரமுகி பொம்மி' - பிரகர்ஷிதா ஜாலி பேட்டி |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/65003-bommi-praharshita-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120173713/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/65003-bommi-praharshita-interview |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Senthilnathan's father (uncredited, only shown in photo)
}}
Director [[P. Vasu]], producer [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] and Rajinikanth's friend Raj Bahaddur make guest appearances in the song "Devuda Devuda".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=14 June 2005 |title=Rajni's gesture |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/06/14/stories/2005061413910200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223102754/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/06/14/stories/2005061413910200.htm |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=23 December 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Production ==
=== Development ===
{{Quote box
| width = 30%
| align = right
| quote = Four weeks ago, [Rajinikanth] called me on a Sunday afternoon, and asked what I was doing. I told him I {{sic|had had}} a lot of [[biryani]] and was spending time with my sons! He laughed in his stylish way, and then asked if I was doing any new production. I told him we are thinking of doing a Hindi film with [[Rajkumar Santoshi]] in March. [...] I was quite free at the time. That's when he asked me, 'Shall we do a film, Ramu?' It came as a pleasant surprise. On a Sunday afternoon, after a heavy lunch, this suggestion from Rajnikanth was like superb dessert! I said, 'I am very happy sir.' He told me he had heard a subject, and we would make a film on that.
| source =  — Ramkumar Ganesan in October 2004<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=13 October 2004 |title=It will be a stylish Rajni film |url=http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/13rajni.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924135503/http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2004/oct/13rajni.htm |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
}}
During a success meet for ''[[Mannan (film)|Mannan]]'' (1992), Rajinikanth announced that he would act in [[Sivaji Productions]]' 50th film, which would eventually become ''Chandramukhi''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Arun |date=25 October 2004 |title=Remake ripples |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/20041025-rajnikant-shoots-for-film-chandramukhi-produced-by-shivaji-productions-788989-2004-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105135250/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/rajnikant-shoots-for-film-chandramukhi-produced-by-shivaji-productions/1/195023.html |archive-date=5 January 2017 |access-date=5 January 2017 |url-status=live |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> In September 2004, Rajinikanth congratulated P. Vasu on the success of his [[Kannada]] film ''[[Apthamitra]]'' (2004) and was impressed with the film's screenplay. Vasu then requested to remake the film in Tamil with Rajinikanth, who in turn, called [[Ramkumar Ganesan]] and asked him to produce it under Ramkumar's banner, Sivaji Productions.<ref name="Development" />

Ramkumar telephoned Vasu, who was offering worship in a temple in [[Guruvayur]] at that time, informing him of Rajinikanth's wish to do ''Apthamitra'' in Tamil under his direction.<ref name="Development">{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=27 September 2004 |title=The making of a Rajnikant-starrer |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/09/27/stories/2004092702160200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924134700/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2004/09/27/stories/2004092702160200.htm |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Vasu reworked the script he wrote for ''Apthamitra'' to suit Rajinikanth's style of acting.<ref name="Bang" /> The film dealt mainly with the concept of [[dissociative identity disorder]], commonly known as "multiple personality disorder" (MPD) or "split personality disorder". Another film titled ''[[Anniyan]]'' (2005), which was released two months after ''Chandramukhi'', was also based on the same disorder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=11 February 2006 |title=In an imperfect world |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3187181.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927093856/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3187181.ece |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

[[Thota Tharani]] was the film's art director,<ref name="Development" /> and also designed the costumes.<ref name="TT">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |date=20 April 2005 |title=Any set you erect should have life in it |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/20thotta.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928141528/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/20thotta.htm |archive-date=28 September 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Regarding the designing of the Vettaiyapuram palace, he watched both ''Apthamitra'' and its source Malayalam film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' (1993) to get the basic idea of the film's plot. Vasu wanted Tharani to make the sets more colourful and grand and did not want the realistic look of the original film. Tharani designed Chandramukhi's room and placed a corridor in it, which was noticeably different from the original and its Kannada remake. The corridor resembled those commonly seen in palaces in [[Kerala]].<ref name="TT" /> [[Sidney Sladen]] did additional costume designing in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2009 |title=Cruising through fashion with Sidney Sladen |url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/interview-with-designer-sidney-sladen/20091216.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119041842/http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/interview-with-designer-sidney-sladen/20091216.htm |archive-date=19 November 2014 |access-date=19 November 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

=== Casting ===

Rajinikanth played the roles of Dr. Saravanan and King Vettaiyan. He sported a wig for his role. Both Rajinikanth and Vasu discussed every scene featuring the former and added necessary inputs before they were shot.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=12 April 2005 |title='Rajni was nervous about how he'd look' |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/12vasu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926053810/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/12vasu.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Rajinikanth appears in the beginning of the film unlike ''Manichitrathazhu'', where the same character, played by [[Mohanlal]], appears in the middle of the film.<ref name="Vasu Rediff">{{Cite web |last=Warrier |first=Shobha |author-link=Shobha Warrier |date=13 April 2005 |title=Vasu on the three most-talked about films! |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/13vasu.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926053822/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/13vasu.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Ramkumar's brother Prabhu played Senthilnathan, a civil engineer and owner of the fictional Ganesh Constructions. Prabhu co-produced the film with Ramkumar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=28 January 2005 |title=The Prabhu magic always works |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/01/28/stories/2005012801380600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140923134301/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/01/28/stories/2005012801380600.htm |archive-date=23 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

For the roles of Ganga and Chandramukhi, [[Simran (actress)|Simran]] was initially cast. She ultimately refused to do the project, as her role required a lot of dancing and cited her pregnancy at that time as another reason for her refusal.<ref name="Cast">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2004 |title=Simran sacked from 'Chandramukhi'? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/simran-sacked-from-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvErbadjg.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925140322/http://www.sify.com/movies/simran-sacked-from-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvErbadjg.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] was later offered the role but declined.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 April 2020 |title=Did you know THIS Bollywood actress rejected Rajinikanth's offers four times in a row? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-you-know-this-bollywood-actress-rejected-rajinikanths-offers-four-times-in-a-row/articleshow/75427678.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423124622/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/did-you-know-this-bollywood-actress-rejected-rajinikanths-offers-four-times-in-a-row/articleshow/75427678.cms |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=30 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> [[Sadha]] and [[Reema Sen]] were also considered as replacements.<ref name="Cast" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reddy |first=Y. Maheswara |date=28 July 2010 |title=Sadha and her missed chances |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article187684.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220172641/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article187684.ece |archive-date=20 December 2014 |access-date=20 December 2014 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The role finally went to [[Jyothika]], who allotted 50 days of her schedule.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2004 |title=Jo is the new 'Chandramukhi' |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/jo-is-the-new-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvEijbgfg.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925135947/http://www.sify.com/movies/jo-is-the-new-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvEijbgfg.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Vasu wanted her to perform her scenes in a manner different from that of [[Shobana]] in ''Manichitrathazhu'', enacting the scenes himself before they were shot featuring Jyothika.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=27 May 2005 |title=I was lucky to get it |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2005/05/27/stories/2005052702320100.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929083058/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/fr/2005/05/27/stories/2005052702320100.htm |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Nayanthara was selected to portray the role of Durga after Vasu was impressed with her performance in the Malayalam film ''[[Manassinakkare]]'' (2003).<ref name="Vasu Rediff" />

Vadivelu portrayed the comic role of Murugesan. Rajinikanth, at the film's 200th day theatrical run celebration function, said that it was he who recommended Vadivelu to Vasu for the role and had asked Ramkumar to get Vadivelu's dates before planning the filming schedules.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=10 November 2005 |title=Devar Magan a turning point in my career |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/10/stories/2005111015330200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928022215/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/11/10/stories/2005111015330200.htm |archive-date=28 September 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Sheela]] played Akhilandeswari, the intimidating older sister of Kandaswamy ([[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]) and Murugesan. When Sheela was signed on for the role, she was requested by the producers not to divulge details about her role to the media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2004 |title=Sheela in 'Chandramukhi'! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sheela-in-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvGddehhc.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925135924/http://www.sify.com/movies/sheela-in-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvGddehhc.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] reprised his role of the exorcist Ramachandra Acharya who talks with the spirit Chandramukhi from ''Apthamitra''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=The most famous screen 'guruji' get a new avatar |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/the-most-famous-screen-guruji-get-a-new-avatar/articleshow/62514049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418002111/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/the-most-famous-screen-guruji-get-a-new-avatar/articleshow/62514049.cms |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=18 April 2023 |website=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[File:TeatrodiHierapolis2010.tiff|thumb|200px|right|The amphitheatre in Hierapolis where "Konjam Neram" was shot.]]
[[Principal photography]] commenced on 24 October 2004 with a ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' ceremony for the [[muhurat shot]] at Annai Illam, the residence of [[Sivaji Ganesan]]. Ramkumar Ganesan said the filming would be finished by 15 February 2005, giving the crew two months to complete the post-production work, including [[visual effects]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2004 |title='Chandramukhi' launched! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-launched-news-tamil-kkfvFNidgbj.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925061945/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-launched-news-tamil-kkfvFNidgbj.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The first shooting schedule began two days later with a fight scene choreographed by [[Thalapathy Dinesh]] and filmed at [[Ramapuram, Chennai|Ramavaram]] in Chennai. More than 25 [[Toyota Kijang|Toyota Qualis]] and 30 stunt artists were involved in the fight sequence that featured Rajinikanth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2004 |title='Chandramukhi' starts rolling! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-starts-rolling-news-tamil-kkfvFLccfdc.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924155237/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-starts-rolling-news-tamil-kkfvFLccfdc.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The Vettaiyapuram mansion was erected in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="TT" /> The song sequences, one picturised on Rajini alone, two songs in which he appears with the other principal cast members, and the climax song, which was picturised on Jyothika, were filmed in [[Ramoji Film City]]. Vasu said the film had taken only 78 days to be completed instead of the planned 120 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=Chandramukhi-Fast progressing |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-fast-progressing-news-tamil-kkfv8xecbbh.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924145026/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-fast-progressing-news-tamil-kkfv8xecbbh.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The picturisation of the song "Devuda Devuda" focused on a variety of professions, especially janitors, sewage cleaners, farmers and washer folk.{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|page=205}} According to Ramji, who helped the production unit look for locations for the song "Konjam Neram", Ramkumar Ganesan and Vasu chose Turkey, making ''Chandramukhi'' the first Tamil film to be shot there.<ref name="KN">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2005 |title=Rajnikanth in Turkey! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajnikanth-in-turkey-news-tamil-kkfv7Sbcfce.html?scategory=tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026122324/http://www.sify.com/movies/rajnikanth-in-turkey-news-tamil-kkfv7Sbcfce.html?scategory=tamil |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=14 October 2011 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The production unit flew to [[Istanbul]] from [[Chennai]] via [[Dubai]] on 25 February 2005.<ref name="KN" /> The filming of the song was completed after the audio launch.<ref name="Turkey" /> "Konjam Neram" was shot in segments in [[Ephesus]] and [[Pamukkale]]. Shooting in Ephesus took six hours. The segment in Pamukkale was filmed in an amphitheatre in the ancient city of [[Hierapolis]], which is located close to Pamukkale. The last segment was shot in the [[Cappadocia]] region, a 10-hour drive by bus from Istanbul.<ref name="Turkey">{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=11 March 2005 |title=Chandramukhi in Istanbul |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/03/11/stories/2005031101780600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924152640/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/03/20/stories/2005032009910200.htm |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> "Raa Raa" was choreographed by [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]] and took four days to be completed instead of the planned seven days.<ref>{{Cite web |title="I am 100 percent satisfied": Kala Master |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13678781&cid=2408 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925122018/http://www.sify.com/movies/tamil/interview.php?id=13678781&cid=2408 |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Main|Chandramukhi (2005 soundtrack)}}
[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] composed the soundtrack album and the background score of ''Chandramukhi''. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks with lyrics written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]], [[Yugabharathi]], [[P. Vijay|Pa. Vijay]], [[Na. Muthukumar]] and [[Bhuvana Chandra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi (2005) Soundtrack |url=http://mio.to/album/Chandramukhi+(2005)+-+Tamil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925052857/http://mio.to/album/Chandramukhi%2B%282005%29%2B-%2BTamil |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014 |website=Music India Online}}</ref> The album was released on 5 March 2005 at the [[Taj Connemara]] hotel in [[Chennai]].<ref name="Peek">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2005 |title=First peek- 'Chandramukhi' audio! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/first-peek-chandramukhi-audio-news-tamil-kkfv7Daifggsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026060339/http://www.sify.com/movies/first-peek-chandramukhi-audio-news-tamil-kkfv7Daifggsi.html |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2005 |title='Chandramukhi' audio launched! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-audio-launched-news-tamil-kkfv73ecfegsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701125459/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-audio-launched-news-tamil-kkfv73ecfegsi.html |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> 

== Release ==
The film was released on 14 April 2005,<ref name="Legend making">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2007 |title=Legend in the making! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/legend-in-the-making-news-tamil-kkfvcxfafhfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727145852/http://www.sify.com/movies/legend-in-the-making-news-tamil-kkfvcxfafhfsi.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> a [[Puthandu|Tamil New Year's Day]] release, alongside [[Kamal Haasan]]-starrer ''[[Mumbai Xpress]]'' and [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]-starrer ''[[Sachein]]''. ''Chandramukhi'' was released in 37 theatres in Malaysia, 15 in Europe, nine in Sri Lanka, seven in the United States, four each in Canada and the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf countries]] and two each in Australia and Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2005 |title=Kollywood to spin magic overseas |url=http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/apr/12film.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926060115/http://www.rediff.com/money/2005/apr/12film.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> The film was released with 23 prints in [[Coimbatore]], 12 more than Rajinikanth's ''[[Padayappa]]'' (1999).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=30 December 2005 |title=Tamil cinema's new high |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/12/30/stories/2005123001140100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004052839/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/12/30/stories/2005123001140100.htm |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=4 October 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

''Chandramukhi'' was screened at the 18th [[Tokyo International Film Festival]] in Japan on 23 October 2005 and 28 October 2005 as part of the 'Winds of Asia' section. It was the first public screening of the film in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2005 |title='Chandramukhi' for Tokyo festival! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13951842&cid=2363 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927135557/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13951842&cid=2363 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The film opened the [[7th IIFA Awards]] Film Festival held at the [[Dubai International Convention Centre]] in [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates, becoming the first [[Cinema of South India|South Indian film]] to open the Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2006 |title=Chandramukhi to open IIFA film festival in Dubai |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/chandramukhi-to-open-iifa-film-festival-in-dubai/article3119062.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926144323/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/chandramukhi-to-open-iifa-film-festival-in-dubai/article3119062.ece |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In November 2011, it was screened at the International Tamil Film Festival held in [[Uglich]], Russia alongside ''[[Thillana Mohanambal]]'' (1968), ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'' (2007), ''[[Angadi Theru]]'' (2010), ''[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]'' (2010), ''[[Thenmerku Paruvakaatru]]'' (2010) and ''[[Ko (film)|Ko]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakshmi |first=K. |date=4 October 2011 |title=Taste of Sivaji magic for Russian film buffs |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/taste-of-sivaji-magic-for-russian-film-buffs/article2511452.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011093754/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/taste-of-sivaji-magic-for-russian-film-buffs/article2511452.ece |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Though the film was a remake, [[Madhu Muttam]], who wrote the story for ''Manichithrathazhu'', was not mentioned in either the opening or closing credits. Instead, the story was credited to the director P. Vasu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vilakudy |first=Rajaneesh |date=16 October 2007 |title=Of Bhool Bhulaiya, and a classic dumbed down |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/16bb.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405081311/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/oct/16bb.htm |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Vasu defended himself by stating the script was not a [[Shot-for-shot|scene-by-scene]] remake of the original and that only the basic plot was used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2004 |title=Controversy dogs Rajni's Chandramukhi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/controversy-dogs-rajni-s-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvDLiecdhsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525053743/http://www.sify.com/movies/controversy-dogs-rajni-s-chandramukhi-news-tamil-kkfvDLiecdhsi.html |archive-date=25 May 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Marketing ==
The producers entered into a business dealing with [[Tata Docomo|Tata Indicom]] to promote the film; [[ringtone]]s of the songs from the film's soundtrack and special screensavers were issued.<ref name="Tata" /> [[ITC Limited|Sunfeast Biscuits]] also helped in the film's promotion.<ref name="Peek" /> They launched special merchandise which consists of cards, featuring Rajinikanth and some stills of ''Chandramukhi''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunfeast Chandramukhi Recreation cards |url=https://www.indianfreebies.in/product-page/sunfeast-chandramukhi-recreation-cards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719065214/https://www.indianfreebies.in/product-page/sunfeast-chandramukhi-recreation-cards |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=indianfreebies.in}}</ref> Giant cutouts of Rajinikanth and film release posters were posted all over the state as a run-up for the release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamath, Sudhish |date=9 February 2005 |title=Get ready for Rajini's flick |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/02/09/stories/2005020912060200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923150640/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/02/09/stories/2005020912060200.htm |archive-date=23 September 2014 |access-date=23 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The promotional campaign started in early March 2005 and continued mid-May that year.<ref name="Tata">{{Cite web |date=7 February 2005 |title=Tata Tele, Sivaji Productions in mutual promotion deal |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/article2167890.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924150821/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-marketing/article2167890.ece |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film was screened in eight city theatres in Chennai.<ref name="Theatre" /> The theatrical rights of the film in the [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]] and [[Nilgiris district|Nilgiris]] districts combined were sold to local theatre owners Tirupur Balu and Seenu for {{INRConvert|2.25|c}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2004 |title='Chandramukhi' —First sale! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-first-sale-news-tamil-kkfvDWiddfbsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026055051/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-first-sale-news-tamil-kkfvDWiddfbsi.html |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>{{efn|The exchange rate in 2005 was 45.3 Indian rupees ({{INR}}) per 1 US dollar (US$).<ref>{{Cite news |title=U.S. Dollar Vs. Indian Rupee Exchange Rate |url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/us-dollar-vs-indian-rupee-exchange-rate-63938.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026092056/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/us-dollar-vs-indian-rupee-exchange-rate-63938.html |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref>|name=exchange}}

== Home media ==
The film's original negative was damaged because of poor care and ill treatment. AP International started a restoration project, which scanned the film frame-by-frame in a 2K workflow. They were able to remove all wear and tear and retain the natural film grain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi Blu-ray forum |url=http://forum.blu-ray.com/showthread.php?t=199457 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925060258/http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Chandramukhi-Blu-ray/55086/ |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=4 August 2012 |website=Blu-ray.com}}</ref> This restored version was released on 2 August 2012 on [[Blu-ray]] format.<ref name="Bluray">{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi Blu-ray |url=http://www.blu-ray.com/movies/Chandramukhi-Blu-ray/55086/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925060251/http://forum.blu-ray.com/showthread.php?t=199457 |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=4 August 2012 |website=Blu-ray.com}}</ref> The film's television premiere occurred on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], on the occasion of Diwali in 27 October 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=24 October 2008 |title=Diwali dampeners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/diwali-dampeners/articleshow/3633172.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125131545/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/diwali-dampeners/articleshow/3633172.cms |archive-date=25 January 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical response ===

Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Malathi Rangarajan said, "As you watch the film you cannot but admire the ingenuity of writer-director P. Vasu in choosing a story that is bound to sell and at the same time helping Rajini maintain his image of an invincible hero", before concluding that, "The 'Mannan' team proves a winner again".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=22 April 2005 |title=The Superstar strikes in style |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/04/22/stories/2005042202620200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927014733/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/fr/2005/04/22/stories/2005042202620200.htm |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Another critic from ''The Hindu'', [[Sudhish Kamath]], said Rajinikanth is "at his vintage best".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamath, Sudhish |date=15 April 2005 |title=Return of the king |url=http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/04/15/stories/2005041511660200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927061028/http://www.thehindu.com/lf/2005/04/15/stories/2005041511660200.htm |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[The Times of India]]'' called the film "Entertaining, stylish, respectful of ritual, and always massively larger than life".<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2005 |title=Rajni-saar rules, ok |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/Rajni-saar-rules-ok/articleshow/1117993.cms? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929071004/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/Rajni-saar-rules-ok/articleshow/1117993.cms |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Arun Ram of ''[[India Today]]'' said, "With ''Chandramukhi'', Rajnikant revives his fading career and fortunes of Tamil cinema".<ref name="bg" /> G. Ulaganathan, writing for the ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' praised the chemistry between Rajinikanth and Vadivelu, saying "Rajinikanth is back in full form, comedy comes naturally to him and he finds an able ally in Vadivelu. Some of the best scenes in the movie are when both are together."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ulaganathan G. |date=17 April 2005 |title=Chandramukhi |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr172005/movies1819462005416.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929065315/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr172005/movies1819462005416.asp |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |website=[[Deccan Herald]]}}</ref>

Tamil magazine ''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' said in its review, "Rajni's films normally revolve around him but in this case, Rajni is in a script which goes around several people ... Rajni as Vettaiyan is the highlight of the film ... After many years, Rajni has shown that he does not confine to his personality cage through this film." and gave the film 40 marks out of 100.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2005 |title=சினிமா விமர்சனம்: சந்திரமுகி |trans-title=Movie Review: Chandramukhi |journal=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> The ''[[Sify]]'' reviewer wrote that ''Chandramukhi'' was simply "a remake of P. Vasu's ''Apthamitra'' from Kannada with some additional songs, fights and comedy scenes thrown in to further boost the superstar's image" but like Ulaganathan, commended the comedy scenes of Rajinikanth and Vadivelu, terming them the film's highlight.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-review-tamil-13717844.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925124800/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-review-tamil-13717844.html |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=4 August 2012 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> A. Ganesh Nadar of [[Rediff.com|Rediff]] said the film would become "a certain hit" and,"[t]he star will be happy, his fans will be happy and producer Prabhu will giggle all the way to the bank".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadar, A. Ganesh |date=14 April 2005 |title=Chandramukhi is a certain hit! |url=http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14chandra.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925125056/http://ia.rediff.com/movies/2005/apr/14chandra.htm |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=4 August 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''Screen'' wrote "The strength of the Rajnikant-starrer Chandramukhi is its screenplay. Director P Vasu has worked very diligently on the screenplay, especially in the second half. Initially, one wondered what Rajnikant would do in a film that is centered on the heroine. But Rajnikant’s charisma and screen presence in the film makes all the difference".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=10377|title=Rajnikant film all the way|date=13 May 2005|access-date=15 August 2025|website=Screen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428103742/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=10377|archive-date=28 April 2006}}</ref>

V. Gangadhar of ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' wrote, "As in all Rajni films, ''Chandramukhi'' is a one-star attraction and Rajni plays to the gallery, There are no political messages in the film and that should come as some relief. With Nayanthara and Jyothika in the female leads, there is plenty of glamour in the film. But the message is clear, King Rajni is back. His legion of fans can not ask for more."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangadhar V. |date=1 May 2005 |title=Southern splendour |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050501/spectrum/main5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026143731/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050501/spectrum/main5.htm |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> Karthiga Rukmanykanthan writing for ''[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News Sri Lanka]]'' said, " ... the long anticipated delight ''Chandramukhi'' has made itself the box-office hit of the year".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rukmanykanthan, Karthiga |date=1 June 2005 |title=Chandramukhi: Highly entertaining film on split personality |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/06/01/arts07.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925074049/http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/06/01/arts07.htm |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=25 September 2014 |website=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)|Daily News Sri Lanka]]}}</ref> Grady Hendrix of ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' appreciated Rajinikanth's characterisation in the film, calling the character, Saravanan's ability to read minds "well-trained" before concluding, "Rajinikanth's movies are crammed with comedy, action, and musical numbers and they take great delight in kicking narrative logic in the face."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendrix, Grady |date=27 September 2010 |title=SUPERSTAR Rajinikanth! – The biggest movie star you've probably never heard of. |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2010/09/superstar_rajinikanth.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328130103/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2010/09/superstar_rajinikanth.html |archive-date=28 March 2015 |access-date=28 March 2015 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Chandramukhi'' was a box office success, selling 20 million tickets worldwide and earning {{INR}}150 million in salary and profit share for Rajinikanth.{{efn|name=exchange}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian, Lakshmi |date=9 July 2007 |title=The Boss |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/20070709-sivaji-the-boss-a-comeback-for-rajnikant-748224-2007-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104033603/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sivaji-the-boss-a-comeback-for-rajnikant/1/155493.html |archive-date=4 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |url-status=live |website=India Today}}</ref> The film's distributors made a 20 per cent profit over the {{INR}}25 million{{efn|name=exchange}} for which they bought the rights to the film.<ref name="bg" /> The film's 804th day celebration function was held at Kamaraj Arangam in Chennai on 25 June 2007. The then [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]], [[M. Karunanidhi]], director [[K. Balachander]], film producer and owner of [[AVM Productions]] [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2007 |title=Record run of 'Chandramukhi' to be celebrated on Monday |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-record-run-of-chandramukhi-to-be-celebrated-on-monday-1105723 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927153743/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-record-run-of-chandramukhi-to-be-celebrated-on-monday-1105723 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> Kamal Haasan and [[Sridevi]] attended the function.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandramukhi- 804 days! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-804-days-imagegallery-3-events-jdwmN5bifgcsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927152820/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-804-days-imagegallery-3-events-jdwmN5bifgcsi.html |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Karunanidhi presented the "[[Shivaji]]" sword to the film's cast and crew, and awards were given to everyone involved in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2007 |title=Karunanidhi honours Rajinikanth |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/karunanidhi-honours-rajinikanth/article1862511.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927153037/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/karunanidhi-honours-rajinikanth/article1862511.ece |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

==== India ====
''Chandramukhi'' grossed {{INR}}8.4 million{{efn|name=exchange}} in 11 days in eight screens in Chennai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2005 |title=Chennai weekend box-office (April 22–24) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13728161&ctid=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927143942/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13728161&ctid=2 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> In the Santham screen of [[SPI Cinemas|Sathyam Cinemas]], around 22,000 tickets were sold for the first 10 days of its release.<ref name="Theatre">{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=11 April 2005 |title=Fans snap up tickets for blockbusters |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041213610300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927010632/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041213610300.htm |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> ''Chandramukhi'' grossed {{INR}}30 million{{efn|name=exchange}} in [[Coimbatore]], beating the {{INR}}24.5 million{{efn|name=exchange}} record set there by ''[[Padayappa]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2005 |title=How big is 'Chandramukhi'?Part-2 |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/how-big-is-chandramukhi-part-2-news-tamil-kkfv4Wdjbfjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927085623/http://www.sify.com/movies/how-big-is-chandramukhi-part-2-news-tamil-kkfv4Wdjbfjsi.html |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''Chandramukhi'' received {{INR}}60 million as Minimum Guarantee (MG) from theatres in [[North Arcot]], [[South Arcot]] and [[Chengalpattu]] districts collectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2005 |title=Rajni-The highest paid Indian actor? |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13722320&cid=2363 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927133234/http://www.sify.com/movies/boxoffice.php?id=13722320&cid=2363 |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> It was also a hit in [[Kerala]] where it grossed {{INR}}711,545{{efn|name=exchange}} in four days, doing better than the [[Mohanlal]] starrer ''[[Chandrolsavam]]'', which also released on 14 April 2005, but grossed {{INR}}523,340{{efn|name=exchange}} during the same period of time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2005 |title='Chandramukhi' trounces 'Chandrolsavam'! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-trounces-chandrolsavam-news-malayalam-kkfv51dceigsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026054016/http://www.sify.com/movies/chandramukhi-trounces-chandrolsavam-news-malayalam-kkfv51dceigsi.html |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=26 October 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

The film's theatrical run lasted 890 days at Shanthi Theatre, beating the 62-year record set by the 1944 film ''[[Haridas (1944 film)|Haridas]]'', which ran for 784 days at the Broadway theatre, also in Chennai.<ref name="Legend making" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thangavelu, Dharani |date=1 July 2016 |title=Rajinikanth's track-record at the box office |url=http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/0ohY74X6wA3pOFsGU1AuwN/Rajinikanths-trackrecord-at-the-box-office.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727082013/http://www.livemint.com/Consumer/0ohY74X6wA3pOFsGU1AuwN/Rajinikanths-trackrecord-at-the-box-office.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' estimates that it grossed {{INR}}650 million (US$14.3 million in 2005).{{efn|name=exchange}}<ref name="niebo">{{Cite news |last=Raghu, Sunita |first=Sunita |date=4 May 2014 |title=Setting the Cash Registers Ringing. The Top Ten Grossers So Far |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/magazine/2014/May/04/setting-the-cash-registers-ringing.-the-top-ten-grossers-so-far-607866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221094850/https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/magazine/2014/May/04/setting-the-cash-registers-ringing.-the-top-ten-grossers-so-far-607866.html |archive-date=21 February 2024 |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> It was the longest running [[Cinema of South India|South Indian film]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2007 |title=Chandramukhi sets his sights higher |url=http://www.nation.lk/2007/08/19/enter5.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727151402/http://www.nation.lk/2007/08/19/enter5.htm |archive-date=27 July 2016 |access-date=27 July 2016 |website=[[The Nation (Sri Lanka)|The Nation]] |location=Sri Lanka}}</ref> until surpassed by the Telugu film ''[[Magadheera]]'' (2009), which completed a theatrical run of 1000 days in April 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2012 |title=Magadheera 1000 day's poster |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Magadheera-1000-days-poster/articleshow/13608953.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112150032/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Magadheera-1000-days-poster/articleshow/13608953.cms |archive-date=12 November 2014 |access-date=20 November 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> According to ''[[Hindustan Times]]'', it emerged the highest-grossing Indian film of 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=Jun 25, 2025 |title=How a 60-year-old beat Shah Rukh, Aamir Khan, Salman Khan at box office in their peak, gave highest-grossing Indian film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/when-60-year-old-rajinikanth-beat-shah-rukh-khan-aamir-khan-salman-khan-box-office-highest-grossing-indian-film-enthiran-101750826291013.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==== Overseas ====
''Chandramukhi'' was screened in Tokyo in October 2005 to packed houses.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Velayutham |first=Selvaraj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsN8AgAAQBAJ |title=Tamil cinema: the cultural politics of India's other film industry |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-39680-6 |pages=199 |access-date=18 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110105304/https://books.google.com/books?id=vsN8AgAAQBAJ |archive-date=10 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Chandramukhi'' completed a 100-day theatrical run in South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=5 August 2005 |title='Chandramukhi' in S.A. |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/08/05/stories/2005080503230700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140923135552/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/08/05/stories/2005080503230700.htm |archive-date=23 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> It collectively earned {{INR}}43 million{{efn|name=exchange}} in Malaysia, UAE and the US during the first month of its theatrical run.<ref name="Sify BO">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2005 |title=The final verdict |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/the-final-verdict-news-tamil-kkfv4Mgcgcesi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927090949/http://www.sify.com/movies/the-final-verdict-news-tamil-kkfv4Mgcgcesi.html |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Accolades ==
In an interview with ''The Hindu'', Binny Krishnakumar said:
{{blockquote|I will forever remain indebted to composer [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], who gave me the song when I was a nobody in playback singing. I had given a cassette of my songs to Vidyasagar, who knew Krishnakumar.{{efn|Krishnakumar is Binny's husband and also a professional [[Carnatic music]]ian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trivandrum Krishnakumar and Binni Krishnakumar |url=http://www.mab.org.my/images/soorya/Trivandrum&Binni.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924070851/http://www.mab.org.my/images/soorya/Trivandrum%26Binni.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |website=mab.org}}</ref>}} Then, about six months later, Vidyasagar invited me to record "Ra ra...". The way that song has helped me in my career{{mdash}}both as a playback and classical singer{{mdash}}has been incredible. I was lucky I got a song in a Rajnikanth film so early in my career and the ''Filmfare'' award for my very first song."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar, P. K. Ajith |date=1 June 2007 |title=Harmonious duet |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/harmonious-duet/article2272604.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924065710/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/harmonious-duet/article2272604.ece |archive-date=24 September 2014 |access-date=24 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Award
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee(s)
! Outcome
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="2" |[[53rd Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| [[Binny Krishnakumar]]
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2006 |title=Anniyan sweeps Filmfare Awards! |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926074039/http://www.sify.com/movies/anniyan-sweeps-filmfare-awards-news-tamil-kkfvinigibe.html |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Tamil|Best Comedian]]
| [[Vadivelu]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="5"|[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="5"|Tamil Nadu State Film Award – 2005
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
| ''Chandramukhi''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2007 |title=Film awards announced; Rajini, Kamal chosen best actors |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/07/stories/2007090761270800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926074050/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article1906934.ece |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Naresh |title=Rajnikant, Kamal Haasan adjudged Best Actors |url=http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208040445/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=17257 |archive-date=8 December 2008 |access-date=5 June 2018 |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Rajinikanth]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]
| [[Jyothika]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Art Director|Best Art Director]]
| [[Thota Tharani]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
| [[Kala (choreographer)|Kala]]
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Kalaimamani]] Awards
| rowspan="2"|Kalaimamani – 2005
| rowspan="2"|Honorary
| Jyothika
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2006 |title=Kalaimamani Awards for 123 persons announced |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article3178653.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928024449/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/article3178653.ece |archive-date=28 September 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2006 |title=Kalaimamani awards for 123 artists |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3183730.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928024459/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article3183730.ece |archive-date=28 September 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| Vadivelu
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="4"|Film Fans' Association Award
| rowspan="4"|55th Annual Film Fans' Association Award Cine bests of 2005
| Best Entertainment Movie
| ''Chandramukhi''
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center;" rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2006 |title=Film fans association honours artistes, technicians |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-fans-association-honours-artistes-technicians/article3077342.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926074058/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/film-fans-association-honours-artistes-technicians/article3077342.ece |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
|-
| Best Actress
| Jyothika
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Lyricist
| Vaali
| {{won}}
|-
| Best Comedian
| Vadivelu
| {{won}}
|}

== Scientific accuracy ==
In an August 2005 seminar on revisiting psychiatric disorders which centred around ''Chandramukhi'' and ''[[Anniyan]]'', psychiatrist Asokan noted that there were many logical faults in both films; Vasu said he knew nothing about psychiatric disorders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2005 |title=Seminar on psychiatric disorders |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/19/stories/2005081915080200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830161544/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/08/19/stories/2005081915080200.htm |archive-date=30 August 2014 |access-date=19 April 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Writing for ''[[PopMatters]]'' in 2014, Kumuthan Maderya criticised Vasu for confusing "spirit possession with Dissociative Identity Disorder, conflating both to create pop psychology" and "ostensibly fusing modern science and demonology for the sake of intellectualism".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maderya |first=Kumuthan |date=31 October 2014 |title=Tamil Horror Films: Madness, Modernity and of Course, Misogyny |url=https://www.popmatters.com/187573-tamil-horror-films-madness-modernity-and-misogyny-2495596692.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025104/https://www.popmatters.com/187573-tamil-horror-films-madness-modernity-and-misogyny-2495596692.html |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=[[PopMatters]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
{{Quote box
| quote = "Rajinikanth attributed the success of the film mainly to Vasu's script and the performance of his co-artistes. He said his comedy track with Vadivelu went a long way in making the film a successful venture and that it helped bring audiences to the theatres to watch the film more than once. He also said female viewers loved the portrayal of the female cast."
| source = - Journalist Sreedhar Pillai speech in an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]''.<ref name="Bang" />
| align = right
| width = 25%
}}

Split personality disorder became well known after the film's release. [[MIOT International Hospital]], in a blog description of the syndrome, called it ''The Chandramukhi syndrome''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.mab.org.my/images/soorya/Trivandrum&Binni.pdf |title=The Chandramukhi Syndrome: The truth behind multiple personality disorders |access-date=27 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927095754/http://www.miothospitals.com/images/pdf/MIOT_Hospitals_Maruthuva_Vivekam_Volume3.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2014}}</ref> Film artist, trainer and filmmaker L. Satyanand said ''Chandramukhi'' is a classic example of the subgenre "horror of the demonic" and of "brilliance", ranking it alongside ''[[The Legend of Sleepy Hollow]]'' and ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]'' (1960).<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2008 |title=Fear is the key |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/fear-is-the-key/article1425380.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929074109/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/fear-is-the-key/article1425380.ece |archive-date=29 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The film became a trendsetter for later horror films in Tamil such as the ''[[Muni (film series)|Muni]]'' series, ''[[Yavarum Nalam]]'' (2009), ''[[Eeram]]'' (2009), ''[[Pizza (2012 film)|Pizza]]'' (2012), ''[[Yaamirukka Bayamey]]'' (2014), the ''[[Aranmanai (film series)|Aranmanai]]'' series, ''[[Darling (2015 Indian film)|Darling]]'' (2015) and ''[[Demonte Colony]]'' (2015).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=8 May 2015 |title=The funny thing about horror |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-tamil-horrorcomedy-films/article7184988.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510045633/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/on-tamil-horrorcomedy-films/article7184988.ece |archive-date=10 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan, Sudhir |date=16 January 2015 |title=Darling: A familiar ghost serves as humour fodder, again |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/darling-a-familiar-ghost-serves-as-humour-fodder-again/article6794215.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510045851/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/darling-a-familiar-ghost-serves-as-humour-fodder-again/article6794215.ece |archive-date=10 May 2015 |access-date=10 May 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=15 April 2018 |title=From Kalaignan to Chandramukhi, charting movies released on Vishu and the break in tradition with no releases this year |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-kalaignan-to-chandramukhi-charting-movies-released-on-vishu-and-the-break-in-tradition-with-no-releases-this-year-4432781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902143537/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-kalaignan-to-chandramukhi-charting-movies-released-on-vishu-and-the-break-in-tradition-with-no-releases-this-year-4432781.html |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

Sivaji Productions joined Galatta Media and [[eBay]] for an online auction of the film's memorabilia, becoming the first South Indian film to auction film merchandise. Ramkumar Ganesan said the proceeds of the auction would be given to the Sivaji Prabhu Charity Trust and that {{INR}}300,000 (US$6,650 in 2005){{efn|name=exchange}} would be given to Papanchatram Middle School.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2005 |title=Auction of 'Chandramukhi' memorabilia |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/10/stories/2005091015070200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926081446/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/10/stories/2005091015070200.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Sophie Atphthavel from France bought Rajinikanth's sunglasses, which he sported in the film, for {{INR}}25,000 (US$554 in 2005).{{efn|name=exchange}} According to Girish Ramdas, chief operating officer of Galatta Media, all the items had certificates of authenticity signed by the film's producers. Bidding for the items ranged between {{INR}}10,000 (US$222 in 2005){{efn|name=exchange}} and {{INR}}20,000 (US$444 in 2005).{{efn|name=exchange}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=11 September 2005 |title='Chandramukhi' sunglasses sold for Rs.25,000 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/11/stories/2005091114000200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926083433/http://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/11/stories/2005091114000200.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

In a statement by eBay, the articles made available for bidding were Rajinikanth's blue shirt worn in the song "Devuda Devuda", Jyothika's saree worn for the climax scenes, the peach-coloured saree worn by Nayanthara in the song "Konja Neram", and the Vettaiyan Raja costume and ornaments worn on set by Rajinikanth.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2005 |title=eBay India announces special Chandramukhi auctions |url=http://pages.ebay.in/community/aboutebay/news/pressreleases/charity/chandramukhi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824002148/http://pages.ebay.in/community/aboutebay/news/pressreleases/charity/chandramukhi.html |archive-date=24 August 2011 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[eBay]]}}</ref> Rajinikanth's dress, which he wore in "Devuda Devuda", was sold for {{INR}}25,000 (US$554 in 2005).{{efn|name=exchange}} His Vettaiyan costume and ornament set were sold for {{INR}}32,000 (US$709 in 2005).{{efn|name=exchange}}

== In popular culture ==
Some scenes, lines and expressions from the film, such as the "Lakka Lakka..." sound that Rajnikanth's character makes, became very popular, especially with children.<ref name="Bang">{{Cite web |last=Pillai, Sreedhar |date=3 June 2005 |title=Back with a bang ! |url=http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/06/03/stories/2005060304040100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140922141749/http://www.thehindu.com/fr/2005/06/03/stories/2005060304040100.htm |archive-date=22 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Vadivelu's expressions and scenes{{mdash}}especially those with Rajinikanth{{mdash}}and lines including "Maapu?...Vachittandaa Aapu!!!" (Dude?...He screwed me up!!!), also became popular.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite web |date=31 August 2011 |title=Toeing the comic line |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Toeing-the-comic-line/articleshow/9807206.cms?referral=PM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926071634/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/news-interviews/Toeing-the-comic-line/articleshow/9807206.cms?referral=PM |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A line spoken by Rajinikanth to Prabhu, "Naan gunda irundha nalla irukkadhu...nee elachcha nalla irukkadhu", which translates into "I won't look good if I put on weight...but you won't look good if you have reduced weight" evoked a lot of laughter among audiences.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyFMAgAAQBAJ |title=Rajinikanth 12.12.12: A Birthday Special |publisher=[[The Hindu|Kasturi & Sons Ltd]] |year=2012 |pages=36 |id=GGKEY:A78L0XB1B0X |ref={{harvid|Hindu|2012}} |access-date=20 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108195742/https://books.google.com/books?id=YyFMAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=8 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Prabhu's line, "[[Enna kodumai Saravanan idhu?]]" (What atrocity is this, Saravanan?) became popular. It is usually used to express irony or surprise. The line was often parodied by [[Premgi Amaren]], who altered it slightly to "Enna kodumai Sir idhu?" (What atrocity is this, sir?) and used it in most of his featured films, subsequently becoming the actor's catchphrase.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2024 |title=The GOAT director Venkat Prabhu's brother Premgi Amaren marries Indu. See pics |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/the-goat-director-venkat-prabhus-brother-premgi-amaren-marries-indu-see-pics-101717935245594.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625083834/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/the-goat-director-venkat-prabhus-brother-premgi-amaren-marries-indu-see-pics-101717935245594.html |archive-date=25 June 2024 |access-date=6 October 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 2011 |title=Toeing the comic line |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/toeing-the-comic-line/articleshow/9807206.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209045124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/toeing-the-comic-line/articleshow/9807206.cms |archive-date=9 December 2022 |access-date=6 October 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Prabhu, in an interview with Malathi Rangarajan of ''The Hindu'', expressed appreciation for the way his "serious line" was made into a comical one.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan, Malathi |date=12 September 2008 |title=On a different turf |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1435633.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926071722/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1435633.ece |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=26 September 2014 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

=== Parodies ===
''Chandramukhi'' was parodied in various films. In a comedy scene from ''[[Englishkaran]]'' (2005), Theeppori Thirumugam ([[Vadivelu]]) invents an idea to frighten Thamizharasu ([[Sathyaraj]]) but the ruse backfires on him as he witnesses Thamizharasu in a garb similar to that of Chandramukhi's.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Englishkaran |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=7 Hills Film Factory |year=2005 |time=57:33 to 59:31 |time-caption=From}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2006 |title=Another slow and boring family drama |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/another-slow-and-boring-family-drama/article3183156.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202073802/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/another-slow-and-boring-family-drama/article3183156.ece |archive-date=2 February 2015 |access-date=2 February 2015 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> In the Telugu film ''[[Rajababu (film)|Rajababu]]'' (2006), the characters played by Rajinikanth and Jyothika are renacted by [[Brahmanandam]] and [[Kovai Sarala]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2006 |title=Rajababu |url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-rajababu.html |access-date=14 November 2024 |website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> In a scene from ''[[Thalaimagan]]'' (2006), Erimalai (Vadivelu), after entering an old abandoned bungalow, gets frightened when he hears the "Lakka Lakka" sound, and says "Yaaro Telugula Koopuddrangga!" ({{translation}} "Someone is calling in Telugu!").<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Thalaimagan |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Radaan Mediaworks |year=2006 |time=36:05 to 36:12 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In ''[[Vallavan]]'' (2006), Vallavan ([[Silambarasan]]) is seen singing "Konja Neram" to Swapna (Nayanthara).<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Vallavan |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Raj Lakshmi Films |year=2006 |time=1:13:00 to 1:13:12 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'' (2007), Thamizhselvi ([[Shriya Saran]]) would be seen dancing for the song "Raa Raa", Sivaji (Rajinikanth) and Arivu ([[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]]) are seen uttering the last lines of the song. [[J. Livingston|Livingston]] who appears as a police inspector, utters the sound "Lakka Lakka" which Rajinikanth makes in ''Chandramukhi''.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Sivaji: The Boss |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[AVM Productions]] |year=2007 |time=31:25 to 32:28 |time-caption=From |via=[[Amazon Prime Video]]}}</ref> Rajinikanth and Nayanthara's characters act in a [[film within a film]] titled ''Chandramukhi 2'' in a scene from ''[[Kuselan]]'' (2008), which P. Vasu also directed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=1 August 2008 |title=Rajnikanth's show all the way |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ssk/20080801.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140928145646/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/ssk/20080801.htm |archive-date=28 September 2014 |access-date=28 September 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> In ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' (2009), Assault Arumugam (Vivek) imitates Rajinikanth's tornado creating leg movement from the introduction scene when arriving in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Padikkadavan |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Vijaya Productions]]. [[Sun Pictures]] |year=2009 |time=1:39:20 to 1:39:23 |time-caption=From}}</ref> In ''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010), Shiva ([[Shiva (actor)|Shiva]]) would be seen imitating the film's introduction scene by stretching his leg when it is revealed that Siva has a split seam in his pants.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=Tamizh Padam |type=Motion picture |language=ta |publisher=[[Cloud Nine Movies]]. [[YNOT Studios]] |year=2010 |time=10:20 to 10:55 |time-caption=From}}</ref> [[Sundar C]]'s role in the film ''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014) was inspired by Rajinikanth's role in ''Chandramukhi''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suganth M. |date=19 September 2014 |title=Aranmanai |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aranmanai/movie-review/42926530.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028044207/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/Aranmanai/movie-review/42926530.cms |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> ''Chandramukhi'' was parodied in the [[Star Vijay]] comedy series ''[[Lollu Sabha]]'', in an episode named "Chappamukhi".<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=8 April 2020 |title=The rise and fall of 'Lollu Sabha': Director Rambala on the untold story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-story-behind-lollu-sabha/article31289313.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719194832/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-story-behind-lollu-sabha/article31289313.ece |archive-date=19 July 2020 |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Other versions ==

''Chandramukhi'' was dubbed in [[Turkish language|Turkish]] with the same title and in [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] under the title ''Chandramukhi Ke Hunkaar''.{{Sfn|Ramachandran|2014|page=206}} It is the first Tamil film to be dubbed into German. It was released in Germany under the title, ''Der Geisterjäger'' ({{translation|The Ghost Hunters}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendrix |first=Gary |date=27 September 2010 |title=Rajni's 'Chandramukhi' in Turkish and German |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2010/09/superstar_rajinikanth.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218162242/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2010/09/superstar_rajinikanth.html |archive-date=18 December 2016 |access-date=18 December 2016 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2012 |title=Return of Rajinikanth |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/return-of-rajinikanth/article1-815331.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925135910/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/regional/return-of-rajinikanth/article1-815331.aspx |archive-date=25 September 2014 |access-date=22 September 2014 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Despite the release of ''Manichitrathazhu''<nowiki/>'s Hindi remake ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' in 2007 (which had the working title of ''Chandramukhi''), ''Chandramukhi's'' Hindi dubbed version was released in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Srivatsan |date=28 October 2020 |title=Not lost in translation: Why the Hindi dubbed versions of South Indian films are in demand |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-hindi-dubbed-movies-are-growing/article32962562.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029022607/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-hindi-dubbed-movies-are-growing/article32962562.ece |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2007 |title=Chandramukhi will finally be called Bhool Bhulaiya |url=http://www.indiafm.com/news/2007/02/17/8908/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219021338/http://www.indiafm.com/news/2007/02/17/8908/index.html |archive-date=19 February 2007 |website=[[IndiaFM]]}}</ref>

== Sequel ==
{{Main|Chandramukhi 2}}

In April 2020, a sequel, ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'', to be produced by [[Sun Pictures]] was announced,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=9 April 2020 |title='Chandramukhi 2' confirmed, Raghava Lawrence plays the lead |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chandramukhi-2-confirmed-raghava-lawrence-plays-the-lead/article31300215.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410023301/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/chandramukhi-2-confirmed-raghava-lawrence-plays-the-lead/article31300215.ece |archive-date=10 April 2020 |access-date=10 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> but was eventually taken over by [[Lyca Productions]] in June 2022, owing to the delays from the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. P. Vasu returned as the director with confirmed cast members including [[Raghava Lawrence]], [[Kangana Ranaut]], [[Lakshmi Menon (actress)|Lakshmi Menon]] and Vadivelu, who reprised his role as Murugesan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=Raghava Lawrence's 'Chandramukhi 2' shifts hands |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-chandramukhi-2-shifts-hands/articleshow/92208813.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408132245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-chandramukhi-2-shifts-hands/articleshow/92208813.cms |archive-date=8 April 2023 |access-date=14 June 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Principal photography began in mid-July 2022, and [[Wrap (filmmaking)|wrapped]] by mid-August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=19 December 2022 |title=Kangana Ranaut to star in new film 'Chandramukhi 2' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/kangana-ranaut-to-star-in-new-film-chandramukhi-2-11671434469662.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220064302/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/kangana-ranaut-to-star-in-new-film-chandramukhi-2-11671434469662.html |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Raghava Lawrence's 'Chandramukhi 2' shooting begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-chandramukhi-2-shooting-begins/articleshow/92891486.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803012937/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-chandramukhi-2-shooting-begins/articleshow/92891486.cms |archive-date=3 August 2022 |access-date=2 August 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film released on 28 September 2023 and was a major commercial and critical failure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 October 2023 |title=Raghava Lawrence, Kangana Ranaut's Chandramukhi 2 to stream on Netflix from this date |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/raghava-lawrence-kangana-ranauts-chandramukhi-2-to-stream-on-netflix-from-this-date-8993682/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022065412/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/raghava-lawrence-kangana-ranauts-chandramukhi-2-to-stream-on-netflix-from-this-date-8993682/ |archive-date=22 October 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |quote=The film was panned by both critics and audiences, ultimately resulting in a major commercial failure. Produced with an estimated budget of Rs 60-65 crore, the movie grossed only Rs 51.7 crore globally}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2023 |title=Chandramukhi 2 To Release On Netflix On This Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/chandramukhi-2-to-release-on-netflix-on-this-date-8623528.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018112456/https://www.news18.com/movies/chandramukhi-2-to-release-on-netflix-on-this-date-8623528.html |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=21 October 2023 |work=[[News18]] |quote=The movie, which was produced on a budget of more than Rs 60 crore, tanked at the box office with a loss of more than Rs 20 crore.}}</ref>

== Spin-off ==
{{Main|Nagavalli (film)}}

A spin off to ''Chandramukhi'', named ''[[Nagavalli (film)|Nagavalli]]'', was made in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. It was a remake of ''[[Aptharakshaka]]'' (2010), which itself was a direct sequel to ''[[Apthamitra]]'' (2004). It was directed by P. Vasu and released on 16 December 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2010 |title='Nagavalli' not a great remake (Telugu Film Review) |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/nagavalli-not-a-great-remake-telugu-film-review-news-national-kmsp4hfdiidsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927100501/http://www.sify.com/movies/nagavalli-not-a-great-remake-telugu-film-review-news-national-kmsp4hfdiidsi.html |archive-date=27 September 2014 |access-date=27 September 2014 |website=[[Sify]] |agency=IANS}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Muni (film series)|''Muni'' (film series)]]
* [[Aranmanai (film series)|''Aranmanai'' (film series)]]
* [[List of ghost films]]
{{Portal bar|Film|India}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-81-8475-796-5 |orig-date=2012}}

== External links ==
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051123073443/http://www.chandramukhithefilm.com/1index.asp Official website]}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{P. Vasu}}
{{Films inspired by Manichitrathazhu}}
{{TamilNaduStateFilmAwardBestFilm}}

{{good article}}
[[Category:2000s ghost films]]
[[Category:2000s masala films]]
[[Category:2000s supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:2005 comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2005 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about adoption]]
[[Category:Films about courtesans in India]]
[[Category:Films about dissociative identity disorder]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about exorcism]]
[[Category:Films about Indian Americans]]
[[Category:Films about inheritances]]
[[Category:Films about murder]]
[[Category:Films about psychiatry]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films about snakes]]
[[Category:Films about spirit possession]]
[[Category:Films about telekinesis]]
[[Category:Films based on adaptations]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Films based on multiple works]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Vasu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Films set in 1850]]
[[Category:Films set in 2005]]
[[Category:Films set in abandoned houses]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in country houses]]
[[Category:Films set in palaces]]
[[Category:Films set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films set in temples]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Istanbul]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Turkey]]
[[Category:Films with live action and animation]]
[[Category:Gothic horror films]]
[[Category:Hindu mythology in popular culture]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Indian crime horror films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian historical horror films]]
[[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]
[[Category:Indian musical comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian mystery horror films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological drama films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological horror films]]
[[Category:Indian religious horror films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic horror films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic musical films]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural horror films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Megh Roddur

2026-03-04T00:25:33Z

ClairBoone: new new data...

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Megh Roddur
| image = Megh Roddur.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Surajit Dhar]] Sudarshan Basu
| producer = DK Entertainment
| writer = Surajit Dhar
| starring = [[Subhashree Ganguly|Subhashree]] Palash Ganguly [[Biswajit Chakraborty]] Anindya Banerjee Biswanath Basu [[Debolina Dutta]] Biplab Dasgupta Pathasarathi Chakraborty Kumar Rupsa
| music = [[Rishi Chanda]]
| cinematography = Nayanmoni Ghosh
| editing = Amit Debnath
| studio = DK Entertainment
| distributor = DK Entertainment
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|02|15}}
| runtime = 185 minutes
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget = 9 million
| gross = 8.1 million
}}
'''''Megh Roddur''''' ({{langx|bn|মেঘ রোদ্দুর}}; English: '''Clouds and Sunlight''') is a 2013 Bengali film directed by [[Surajit Dhar]] and Sudarhan Basu and produced under the banner of DK Entertainment. Music of the film has been composed by Rishi Chanda. The film was released on 15 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/18542816.cms|author=Deblina Chakravorty |date=17 May 2016|title = Megh Roddur Movie Review |work= The Times of India}}</ref>

==Plot==
Madhuja Sen ([[Subhashree Ganguly|Subhashree]]), an actress comes to [[Shillong]] to shoot her film and happens to meet Arpan (Palash Ganguly), a bookshop owner. She eventually falls in love with him. In the meantime, a sudden terrorist attack takes place in the town and has an influence on their lives.

Though the film is a close copy of ''[[Notting Hill (film)|Notting Hill]]'' (1999), it is not an absolute copy of the same.

==Cast==
* [[Subhashree Ganguly|Subhashree]] as Madhuja Sen
* Palash Ganguly as Arpan Ganguly
* Kumar as Tathagata
* [[Debolina Dutta]] as Paromita
* Sheli as Rupsha Ganguly
* Biplab Dasgupta
* [[Biswajit Chakraborty]]
* Anindya Banerjee
* [[Biswanath Basu]]
* Parthasarathi Chakraborty as Arpan's friend

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Megh Roddur
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Rishi Chanda]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded = 2012
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[DK Entertainment]]
| producer = {{flatlist|
* [[DK Entertainment]]
}}
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{Singles
| name =
| single1 =
| single1date =
| single2 =
| single2date =
| single3 =
| single3date =
| single4 =
| single4date =
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer
| total_length =

| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =

| title_width =
| writing_width =
| music_width =
| lyrics_width =
| extra_width =

| title1 = Ki Boli Na Boli
| music1 = [[Rishi Chanda]]
| writer1 =
| extra1 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]] & [[Somchanda Bhattachariya]]
| length1 = 3:14

| title2 = Jale Mon
| music2 = Rishi Chanda
| writer2 =
| extra2 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Anweshaa]]
| length2 = 3:28

| title3 = Ami Achi Tai
| music3 = Rishi Chanda
| writer3 =
| extra3 = Rishi Chanda
| length3 = 3:22

| title4 = Mon Amour
| music4 = Rishi Chanda
| writer4 =
| extra4 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| length4 =

| title5 = Aaj Abar Ami Eka
| music5 = Rishi Chanda
| writer5 =
| extra5 = [[Zubeen Garg]]
| length5 = 4:39
}}

==See also==
* [[The Light: Swami Vivekananda]]
* [[Loveria]]
* [[Namte Namte]]
* [[Rupe Tomay Bholabo Na]]
* [[Damadol]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Megh Roddur}}

[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2013 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Bengali language films scored by Zubeen Garg]]

Bhakta Surdas

2026-03-03T23:19:46Z

ClairBoone: Page updated with relevant improvements

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Bhakta Surdas
| image =Bhakta_Surdas.jpg

| caption =
| director =[[Chaturbhuj Doshi]]
| producer =[[Chandulal Shah]]
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring =[[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]] [[K. L. Saigal]]
| music = [[Gyan Dutt]] [[D. N. Madhok]] (lyrics)
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Ranjit Studios
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1942}}
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bhakta Surdas''''' is a [[Bollywood films of 1942|1942]] Indian [[Hindi film|Hindi language film]] devotional film.<ref name="Gomolo">{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/bhakta-surdas-movie/993|title=Bhakta Surdas (1942)|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=23 September 2014|archive-date=24 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041738/http://www.gomolo.com/bhakta-surdas-movie/993|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It was the third highest grossing Indian film of 1942.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Earners 1942|url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=147&catName=MTk0Mg==|publisher=Box Office India|accessdate=26 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016214548/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=147&catName=MTk0Mg==|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was K. L. Saigal's first film after his move to [[Bombay]] from [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Patel2012">{{cite book|author=Bhaichand Patel|title=Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yQYcxZ8wmsC&pg=PT35|accessdate=23 September 2014|date=24 January 2012|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-598-5|pages=35–}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Chaturbhuj Doshi]] for [[Ranjit Studios]]. It had music by [[Gyan Dutt]] with lyrics by [[D. N. Madhok]]. [[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]], after acting in several less popular films, finally became a big success with this film.<ref name="Ranade2006">{{cite book|author=Ashok Damodar Ranade|title=Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZI1wqkWsIjYC&pg=PA331|accessdate=19 September 2014|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|isbn=978-81-85002-64-4|pages=331–}}</ref> The cast included [[K. L. Saigal]], Khursheed, Monica Desai, Nagendra, M. Saigal and N. Desai.<ref name="citwf">{{cite web|url=http://www.citwf.com/film35640.htm|title=Bhakta Surdas|publisher=Alan Goble|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[K. L. Saigal]]
* [[Khursheed Bano|Khursheed]]
* Monica Desai
* Nagendra
* M. Saigal
* N. Desai
* Gharpure
* Kesarbai
* B. Sharma
* Bashir

==Music==
Considered as a high point in Saigal's singing career, the film had music by [[Gyan Dutt]] with lyrics by [[D. N. Madhok]].<ref name=Nevile>{{cite book|last1=Nevile|first1=Pran|title=K. L. Saigal The Definitive Biography|date=2011|publisher=Penguin Books|location=India|isbn=9780143414063|pages=59}}</ref> His songs "Kadam Chale Aage, Man Pachhe Bhaage" and "Nainheen Ko Raah Dikha Prabhu" were big successes.<ref name=Nevilep61>{{cite book|title=K. L. Saigal The Definitive Biography|pages=61}}</ref> "Madhukar Shyam Hamare Chor", "Panchhi Baawra, Chand Se Preet Lagaye", "Sar Par Kadam Ki Chhaiyan" (Raag Bhairavi) and "Maiya Mori Main Nahi Maakhan Khayo" are considered as "Immortal bhajans" as are several other "unforgettable songs" from the film.<ref name="Nihalani2003">{{cite book|author1=Gulazāra|author2=Govind Nihalani|author3=Saibal Chatterjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT308|accessdate=30 September 2015|year=2003|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7991-066-5|pages=308–}}</ref>

===Song list===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! # !! Title !! Singer
|-
| 1
| "Nainheen Ko Raah Dikha Prabhu"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 2
| "Nis Din Barsat Nain Hamaare"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 2
| "Kadam Chale Aage Man Paachhe Bhaage"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 3
| "Madhukar Shyaam Hamaare Chor"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 4
| "Maiya Mori Mai Nahi Makhan Khayo"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 5
| "Din Se Dugunee Ho Jaye Ratiya Hai"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 6
| "Rain Gayi Ab Hua Savera"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 7
| "Manwa Krishna Naam Rate Ja"
| K. L. Saigal
|-
| 8
| "Madhur Madhur Gaa Re Manawa"
| Khursheed
|-
| 9
| "Chandani Rat Aur Tare Khile Ho"
| Khursheed, Saigal
|-
| 10
| "Sar Pe Kadamb Ki Chhainya Muraliya Baje Re"
| Saigal, Rajkumari
|-
| 11
| "Panchhi Bawara Chand Se Preet Lagaaye"
| Khursheed
|-
| 12
| "Naina Re Dekhe Unake Nain"
| Khursheed
|-
| 13
| "Jis Jogi Ka Jog Liya"
| Khursheed, Saigal
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0213510|title=Bhukt Surdas }}

[[Category:1942 films]]
[[Category:1942 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1942 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Gyan Dutt]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1940s biographical films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Chaturbhuj Doshi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language biographical films]]

Bombay Mittai

2026-03-03T21:21:31Z

ClairBoone: created new pg - done

{{short description|Kanada-language comedy-drama film}}
{{confused|text=the Malayalam-language film [[Bombay Mittayi]]}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bombai
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = Chandra Mohan
| producer = Soudha Sherif Amir Sherif
| writer = Chandra Mohan
| story =
| starring = {{plainlist|* Niranjan Deshpande
* Vikram
* [[Disha Pandey]]
* [[Chikkanna]]
}}
| narrator =
| music = Veer Samarth
| cinematography = R K Shivakumar
| editing = K. M. Prakash
| studio = Touchwood Creations
| distributor = Bahar Films
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|5|15}}
| runtime = 121 minutes<ref name="BM">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Bombay-Mitai-movie-review/movie-review/47307537.cms|title=BOMBAY MITAI MOVIE REVIEW|website=Times Of India|accessdate=27 July 2020|archive-date=25 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825103254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/Bombay-Mitai-movie-review/movie-review/47307537.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
}}
'''''Bombay Mittai''''' is a 2015 [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy drama]] film, written and directed by [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]]. It stars Vikram, [[Disha Pandey]], Niranjan Deshpande and [[Chikkanna]]. The film was produced by Soudha Sherif and Amir Sherif.

== Plot ==
Three friends, Vishnu, Seenu, and Sundra are travelling from Bangalore to Karwar to celebrate their friend Rocky's birthday party. Aditi, an adventurous girl, also joins the road trip at the request of Vishnu.

During their journey, the friends try unsuccessfully to impress Aditi. When the group reaches Karwar, Aditi, exhausted from the journey, leaves the party to take a nap and Sundra passes out, drunk.

Rocky enters Aditi's room and attempts to rape her. Aditi protects herself by hitting Rocky with a bottle and severely injuring him. When they hear the noise, Vishnu and Seenu rush in and take Rocky to the nearest government hospital.

Sundra sleeps through all of this, unaware that anything took place. Meanwhile, Rocky's assistant, Koty, sees the blood and immediately informs the police. After checking on Rocky at the hospital, Koty learns that he has been placed in the ICU. With this information, Koty and his associates think Rocky is unlikely to survive his injuries, and subsequently form a plan to take advantage of the situation and rob Rocky's home.

The police begin to search for the suspects based on Rocky's complaint. Vishnu blames Aditi for the incident. Seenu stands with Aditi, whilst Sundra is still unaware of what happened. They devise a plan to send Sundra to Rocky; to convince him to withdraw his complaint against the others, who did not take part in the incident. Rocky rejects this request and the police apprehend Sundra, Koty, and his associates.

Failing to gather information from Sundra, the three friends assume he was arrested. Sundra's lawyer advises him not to talk to the police until he has posted [[bail]]. As the three others drive back towards Bangalore, they pick up an elderly woman at the side of the road who is looking for her grandchild. Later on, they spot a police checkpoint and immediately turn the vehicle onto a crossroads. The police notice them trying to escape the roadblock and chase after them. After arresting them, the police find out that the elderly woman is the grandmother of a police officer named Inspector Satish. The police release them but have them arrested again (excluding the grandmother), based on information sent by the Karwar police station.

Aditi confides in Inspector Satish. She tells him what happened and asks him to let her meet Rocky. The police agree to let Aditi meet Rocky to work things out. She makes him aware of the errors of his ways, and he realizes that she was acting in self-defence. Rocky finally agrees to withdraw his complaint from the police, and Sundra is released. During the conversation between the inspector and Aditi, she reveals that she loves Seenu because he shows respect towards women.

== Cast ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Vikram as Vishnu
* Niranjan Deshpande as Seena
* [[Disha Pandey]] as Aditi
* [[Chikkanna]] as Sundra
* [[RJ Rohith]] as Inspector Satish<ref name="RJ Rohith">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/RJ-Rohith-to-play-a-cop-in-Bombay-Mittai/articleshow/39226577.cms|title=RJ Rohith to play a cop in Bombay Mittai - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727194553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rj-rohith-to-play-a-cop-in-bombay-mittai/articleshow/39226577.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bullet Prakash]] as Koty
* [[Kishori Ballal]] as the grandmother of Satish
* Sunil as Rocky
* Naloor Narayan as Inspector
{{Div col end}}

== Production ==
The film was shot in various locations in [[Karnataka]], including [[Chikmagalur|Chikamagaluru]], [[Madikeri]], [[Mangalore]] and [[Mysore]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/disha-pandey-finishes-shooting-for-bombay-mittai/articleshow/37564089.cms | title=Disha Pandey finishes shooting for Bombay Mittai - Times of India | website=[[The Times of India]] | date=July 2014 | access-date=16 August 2022 | archive-date=16 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816061905/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/disha-pandey-finishes-shooting-for-bombay-mittai/articleshow/37564089.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Bombay Mittai
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Veer Samarth
| cover =
| alt = Jukebox Poster
| released = 2015
| recorded = 2014
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 24:22
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer = Veer Samarth
| prev_title = Adwaitha
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Charlie (2015 Kannada film)|Charlie]]
| next_year = 2015
}}
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bombay Mittai
| extra1 = [[Gurukiran]]
| length1 = 3:47
| lyrics1 = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
| title2 = Kaarana Heladene
| extra2 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
| length2 = 3:36
| lyrics2 = Hrudaya Shiva
| title3 = Mundenu Nee Helu
| extra3 = Chethan Gandharva
| length3 = 4:51
| lyrics3 = Naveen Kumar
| title4 = Snehane Ilade
| extra4 = Chethan Gandharva
| length4 = 4:58
| lyrics4 = Naveen Kumar
| title5 = Kelade Kaadi Nanna
| extra5 = Deepak Doddera
| length5 = 3:39
| lyrics5 = Naveen Kumar
| title6 = Haadona Koogi
| extra6 = [[Shashank Sheshagiri]]
| length6 = 6:15
| lyrics6 = Nalloor Narayan
}}
Naveen Kumar wrote the song "Chaliyagtide" reused the title theme of ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''. The song is one minute long and was used for [[film promotion]], however it was not included in the official soundtrack.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/gossip/bombay-mittai-movie-sweet-sweet-mittai-in-tourism/articleshow/47286007.cms|title=ಪ್ರವಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಸವಿ ಸವಿ ಮಿಠಾಯಿ|website=vijaykarnataka|accessdate=28 July 2020|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728072625/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/gossip/bombay-mittai-movie-sweet-sweet-mittai-in-tourism/articleshow/47286007.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film was released on 15 May 2015.<ref name="BM"/>

A Telugu version of the movie was released in 2017 by Bhimavaram Talkies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/videos/bombay-mithai-telugu-movie-back-to-back-trailers-disha-pandey-bombay-mittai-telugu-filmnagar/|title=Bombay Mithai Telugu Movie - Disha Pandey|website=The Telugu Filmnagar|accessdate=27 July 2020|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727094730/https://www.thetelugufilmnagar.com/videos/bombay-mithai-telugu-movie-back-to-back-trailers-disha-pandey-bombay-mittai-telugu-filmnagar/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of 3.5 stars, writing that "The story is crisp, has a lot of fun moments, and easily works in the 'timepass' movie genre".<ref name="BM"/> S. Viswanath of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "With a pleasant music score by Veer Samarth, and colourful cinematography, the film is a true entertainer and one for the family. Kudos to Chandramohan".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/477990/a-fun-filled-sweet-thriller.html|title=A fun-filled, sweet thriller|date=17 May 2015|website=Deccan Herald|access-date=20 July 2023|archive-date=20 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720174429/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/477990/a-fun-filled-sweet-thriller.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]]'' wrote that "''Bombay Mittai'' could have been even more sweeter if the filmmakers concentrated more on script and the screenplay. ''Bombay Mittai'' is a one-time watch".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/reviews/2015/bombay-mittai-movie-review-a-one-time-watch-183474.html|title=Bombay Mittai Movie Review: A One-Time Watch!|date=20 May 2015|website=filmibeat|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922142210/https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/reviews/2015/bombay-mittai-movie-review-a-one-time-watch-183474.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|5368210}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Kannada-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2015 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]

Badava Rascal

2026-03-03T12:15:43Z

ClairBoone: Starting the stub basic info.

{{Short description|2021 Indian Kannada-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Badava Rascal
| image =
| caption =
| director = Shankar Guru
| writer = Shankar Guru
| producer = Daali Dhananjaya
| starring = [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] [[Amrutha Iyengar]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = [[Preetha Jayaraman]]
| editing = Niranjan Devaramane
| music = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| studio = Daali Pictures
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|12|24|Kannada|2022|02|18|Telugu & Tamil|ref2=}}
| runtime = 133 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross = {{INR}} 16 crores <ref>{{cite web | url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/video/sandalwood/kannada-movie-badava-rascal-collects-rs-16-crores-in-10-days-gvd-r54gse | title=Badava Rascal Box Office Collection: 16 à²•à³‹à²Ÿà²¿ à²¬à²¾à²šà²¿à²•à³Šà²'à²¡ à²¡à²¾à²²à²¿ à²¸à²¿à²¨à²¿à²®à²¾! | Kannada Movie Badava Rascal Collects Rs 16 Crores in 10 Days GVD }}</ref>
}}

'''''Badava Rascal''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action comedy film]] written and directed by Shankar Guru in his directorial debut and produced by [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] in his first production venture under ''Daali Pictures''.<ref>{{cite news|url =https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/for-dhananjaya-art-and-business-unite-in-badava-rascal/articleshow/88451939.cms| title=For Dhananjaya, art and business unite in Badava Rascal|website= The Times of India| date=24 December 2021|access-date=24 December 2021}}</ref> Besides Dhananjay, the film stars [[Amrutha Iyengar]], [[Rangayana Raghu]], [[Nagabhushana|Nagabhushan]] and [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] in other pivotal roles. It was also dubbed and released in Tamil and Telugu on 18 February 2022. The film became commercial success at the Box office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bollywoodfever |date=2022-02-04 |title=Badava Rascal The Most Successful Kannada Movie In Recent Times |url=https://bollywoodfever.co.in/badava-rascal-the-most-successful-kannada-movie-in-recent-times/ |access-date=2023-04-04 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The plot is centered around a middle-class man named Shankar who gets abducted by a gang and forces them to rethink their decisions by narrating his life story which consists of friendship, love, breakup, family sentiments and life lessons.<ref>{{cite web |title='Badava Rascal' has friendship written all over it, everyone will relate to it: Director Shankar Guru |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/badava-rascal-has-friendship-written-all-over-it-everyone-will-relate-to-it-director-shankar-guru/articleshow/88427758.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=22 December 2021 |language=en |date=22 December 2021}}</ref> [[Vasuki Vaibhav]] scored music for the film, while Preetha Jayaraman served as the [[director of photography]] and Niranjan Devaramane as editor.

''Badava Rascal'' was theatrically released on 24 December 2021, coinciding with [[Christmas]] holiday, where it received positive reviews from critics who highlighted the performances of Dhananjay and Rangayana Raghu, the musical score by Vasuki Vaibhav, while directing criticism at the film's length.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/badava-rascal/movie-review/88466548.cms|title=Badava Rascal Movie Review : Dhananjaya continues his golden run|website= The Times of India| date= 24 December 2021}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Shankar alias "Badava Rascal" is an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] graduate who lives life on his own terms. He thrashes some goons who work for a moneylender named Ganapa, when they were wreaking havoc at a [[eatery|roadside eatery]], but was knocked out by one of the goons and is taken to their hideout along with his friend Nagalinga alias Naga. However, Ganapa and the gang apologize to Shankar and Naga after they saved the gang from a rival gang headed by Ganapa's friend Naveen alias "Down-to-Earth". The rival gangs compromise with each other and share their life stories with Shankar. Shankar also reveals details about himself; he lives happily with his friends and parents Rangegowda, an [[cab driver|auto driver]] and mother Sharadamma, and also falls for Sangeetha, who is the daughter of an [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] [[candidate]] Premakumari, who accepts the proposal.

When Shankar and his parents arrive to meet Sangeetha, Sangeetha (who is at her room) insults Shankar and his parents for their [[lower social class|lower class]] status and Shankar angrily leaves the house along with his parents. Shankar gets addicted to drinking due to their breakup. Days pass by, Shankar begins to learn about the value of his parents and becomes a better son to them. The goons are impressed by his [[life story work|life-story]]. Meanwhile, Ganapa and Down-to-Earth leave the hideout to meet their boss Manki Sudhi, where they learn that Premakumari actually warned Sangeetha to reject Shankar's proposal as she cannot kill him due to [[Elections]]. When Sangeetha refuses, Premakumari comes up with a plan to pretend to accept the proposal, and barges into Sangeetha's room and cuts her hair. Shocked and fearing for Shankar's life as her mother will not spare him, Sangeetha rejects the proposal.

Ganapa and Down-to-Earth sneak into Sangeetha's house where they hand her a phone and tell her that they will contact Shankar. Shankar gets enraged after learning about the incident. Sangeetha calls Shankar and tells her to take her away from her mother, Shankar agrees and challenges Premakumari that he will marry Sangeetha in her presence. Ganapa, Down-to-Earth along with their gang accompany Shankar to a playground where Premakumari is performing rituals for the construction of a site. A fight erupts between Shankar and Premakumari's newly appointed henchmen in which Shankar emerges victorious and reunites with Sangeetha. Premakumari realizes her mistakes and peacefully leaves. Shankar and Sangeetha finally get married in the presence of their parents and friends.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]] as Shankar
* [[Amrutha Iyengar]] as Sangeetha
* [[Nagabhushana|Nagabhushan]] as Nagalinga, Shankar's friend
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Rangegowda, Shankar's father
* [[Tara (Kannada actress)|Tara]] as Sharadamma, Shankar's mother
* [[Poornachandra Mysore]] as Ganapa
* [[Sparsha Rekha|Rekha]] as Premakumari, Sangeetha's mother
* Maasthi Manju
*Suresha Venkatesh
}}

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Badava Rascal
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2021|10|9|df=y}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|m_9sYToOLZA|Official Audio Jukebox (Kannada)}}
| audio2 = {{YouTube|N-wRF4hmADo|Official Audio Jukebox (Telugu)}}
| audio3 = {{YouTube|wOSKpVxOgX0|Official Audio Jukebox (Tamil)}}
}}
}}

[[Vasuki Vaibhav]] scored background music for the film and its soundtrack.

{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing (Kannada)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Udupi Hotelu
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics1 = [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]]
| length1 = 3:16
| title2 = Aagaaga Nenapaguthale
| extra2 = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| lyrics2 = [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]]
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Nin Makke Benki Haaka
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics3 = Shankar Guru
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Badava Rascal
| extra4 = [[Sanjith Hegde]]
| lyrics4 = Chethan Kumar
| length4 = 3:08
| title5 = Theme Music
| extra5 = [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]], [[Amrutha Iyengar]]
| lyrics5 =
| length5 =
}}

{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing (Telugu)<ref>https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/badava-rascal-telugu/Z7vTBLF77OI_</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Cheliye Chandamamave
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics1 = Ram Vamsikrishna
| length1 = 3:16
| title2 = Aagagi Pola Maaruthonde
| extra2 = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| lyrics2 = Ram Vamsikrishna
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Nee Notlo Mannupada
| extra3 = [[Dhanunjay Seepana]]
| lyrics3 = Ram Vamsikrishna
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Badava Rascal
| extra4 = Prudhvi Chandra
| lyrics4 = Chaitanya Prasad
| length4 = 3:08
}}

{{tracklist
| headline =Track listing (Tamil)<ref>https://open.spotify.com/album/17vmJhI1TupqKpCMx30YSz</ref>
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kiliye Vannak Kiliye
| extra1 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| lyrics1 = Karthik Netha
| length1 = 3:16
| title2 = Aahasam Iragagi Poche
| extra2 = [[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
| lyrics2 = Karthik Netha
| length2 = 4:33
| title3 = Sang Onnu Oodiputta
| extra3 = [[Anthony Daasan]]
| lyrics3 = Karthik Netha
| length3 = 4:30
| title4 = Badava Rascal
| extra4 = Vyasaraj Sosale
| lyrics4 = Karthik Netha
| length4 = 3:08
}}

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Awards !! Category !! Recipient !! Result !!Ref
|-
|rowspan=8|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| Best Actor- Kannada
| [[Dhananjay (actor)|Dhananjay]]
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=8|<ref>{{cite news|url= https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/siima-awards-2022-winners-list-puneeth-rajkumar-darshan-roberrt-daali-dhananjay-win-big/articleshow/94130499.cms|title=SIIMA 2022: ಅಪ್ಪುಗೆ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟ- ಆಶಿಕಾ ರಂಗನಾಥ್‌ಗೆ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟಿ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ; ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಕಂಪ್ಲೀಟ್ ಲಿಸ್ಟ್‌ |date=12 September 2022 |publisher=ವಿಜಯ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ |access-date=14 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Allu Arjun's Pushpa: The Rise Leads SIIMA Nominations; Check Full List Here |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/allu-arjuns-pushpa-the-rise-leads-siima-nominations-check-full-list-here-5766859.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actress
|rowspan=2|[[Amrutha Iyengar]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Critics' Best Actress
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Supporting Actor
|[[Nagabhushana|Nagabhushan]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Comedian
|[[Rangayana Raghu]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Debut Director
|Shankar Guru
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Debut Producer
|Daali Pictures
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|[[Vasuki Vaibhav]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan=10|[[67th Filmfare Awards South]]
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]]
|Dhananjay
|{{nom}}
|rowspan=9|<ref name="FF nominations">{{cite web | title = Filmfare Awards 2022 Kannada Nominations | url = https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/kannada/nominations | website = Filmfare | access-date = 9 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221009174209/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/kannada/winners | archive-date = 9 October 2022 }}</ref> <ref name="FF winners">{{cite web | title = Filmfare Awards 2022 Kannada Winners | url = https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/kannada/winners | website = Filmfare | access-date = 9 October 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221009173254/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-south-2022/kannada/nominations | archive-date = 9 October 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
|Shankar Guru
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
|Dhananjay
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress]]
|rowspan=2|Amrutha Iyengar
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Critics Best Actress – Kannada]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada|Best Supporting Actor]]
|[[Nagabhushana]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]]
|Vasuki Vaibhav
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada|Best Lyricist]]
|Dhananjay ("Udupi Hotelu")
|{{nom}}
|-
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Kannada|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|Vijay Prakash ("Udupi Hotelu")
|{{nom}}
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11306926}}

[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:2021 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2021 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]

B 32 Muthal 44 Vare

2026-03-03T09:45:12Z

ClairBoone: Starting first pg more to come

{{Short description|2023 Malayalam film by Shruthi Sharanyam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = B 32 Muthal 44 Vare
| image = B 32 Muthal 44 Vare.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| director = Shruthi Sharanyam
| writer = Shruthi Sharanyam
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Anarkali Marikar]]
* [[Remya Nambeesan]]
* [[Krisha Kurup]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Sudeep Elamon]]
| editing = Rahul Radhakrishnan
| music = Sudeep Palanad
| studio = [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|04|06|ref1=<ref name=":0" />}}
| runtime = 108 minutes{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''B 32 Muthal 44 Vare''''' ({{Translation|From B 32 to 44}}) is 2023 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] written and directed by Shruthi Sharanyam in her directorial debut and produced by the [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]]. The film stars [[Remya Nambeesan]], [[Anarkali Marikar]] and [[Krisha Kurup]], alongside [[Harish Uthaman]], [[Sajin Cherukayil]] and [[Sajitha Madathil]]. The plot revolves around five women and a [[trans man]] from different social classes who face significant stress due to their body image issues.

== Cast ==
* [[Anarkali Marikar]] as Ziya
* [[Zarin Shihab]] as Iman
* [[Remya Nambeesan]] as Malini
* Aswathy B as Jaya
* [[Harish Uthaman]] as Vivek
* [[Krisha Kurup]] as Rachel
* Raina Radhakrishnan as Nidhi
* [[Sajin Cherukayil]] as Karun Prasad
* Priya Sreejith as [[Civil Police Officer|CPO]] Rizwana
* [[Sajitha Madathil]] as Reetha

== Production ==
The film was selected for funding by the [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]] (KSFDC) as part of a project launched in 2019{{Endash}}20 to promote women filmmakers.<ref name=":0" /> The [[principal photography]] began in March 2022 with a switch-on ceremony performed by Kukku Parameshwaran.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=ബി 32 മുതൽ 44 വരെ; കെ.എസ്‌.എഫ്.ഡി.സി.യുടെ നാലാമത്തെ വനിതാ സിനിമയ്ക്ക് തുടക്കം |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-shooting-started-1.7348807 |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427082639/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-shooting-started-1.7348807 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first clap was given by Shruthi Sharanyam and Remya Nambeesan.<ref name=":1" />

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = B 32 Muthal 44 Vare
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Sudeep Palanad
| released = {{Start date|2023|3|28}}
| studio = * Moleculez
* Samskara Studio
* Sonic Island
* AUM Studios
* SPM
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=15|s=19}}
| language = Malayalam
| label = [[Muzik 247]]
| producer = Sudeep Palanad
}}
The songs are composed by Sudeep Palanad, while the lyrics are written by Shruthi Sharanyam.<ref>{{Cite news |title='B 32 Muthal 44 Vare' trailer: Witness the riveting narrative of six women |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/b-32-muthal-44-vare-trailer-witness-the-riveting-narrative-of-six-women/articleshow/99288636.cms |access-date=2023-04-10 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=9 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409122050/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/b-32-muthal-44-vare-trailer-witness-the-riveting-narrative-of-six-women/articleshow/99288636.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The official audio launch was held at [[Cochin University of Science and Technology|CUSAT]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ലേഖകൻ |first=മാധ്യമം |date=29 March 2023 |title=അഞ്ചു സ്ത്രീകളുടെയും ഒരു ട്രാൻസ്മാന്റെയും കഥ, 'ബി 32 മുതൽ 44 വരെ'; ഓഡിയോ ലോഞ്ച് കുസാറ്റിൽ നടന്നു {{!}} Madhyamam |url=https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/music/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-aanandam-video-song-out-1144522 |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=Madhyamam |language=ml |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329122737/https://www.madhyamam.com/entertainment/music/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-aanandam-video-song-out-1144522 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anil |first=Revathy |date=30 March 2023 |title=The First Song From B32 To 44 Was Released |url=https://theprimetime.in/the-first-song-from-b32-to-44-was-released/ |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=News Portal |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604201711/https://theprimetime.in/the-first-song-from-b32-to-44-was-released/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The first song titled "Aanandam" was released on 28 March 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Aanandam' song from 'B 32 Muthal 44 Vare' out! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/aanandam-song-from-b-32-muthal-44-vare-out/articleshow/99085898.cms |access-date=2023-04-10 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413102130/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/aanandam-song-from-b-32-muthal-44-vare-out/articleshow/99085898.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Aanandam
| length1 = 2:25
| extra1 = Sudeep Palanad & Bhadra Rajin
| title2 = Paariparakkuvan
| length2 = 1:16
| extra2 = Sudeep Palanad & Bhadra Rajin
| title3 = Aaro
| length3 = 3:39
| extra3 = Remya Vinayakumar, Remya Sarvada Das & Sreedevi Thekkedath
| title4 = Aazhangalil
| length4 = 2:48
| extra4 = Sreedevi Thekkedath, Sudeep Palanad & Bhadra Rajin
| title5 = Uyir Thedi
| length5 = 5:11
| extra5 = Sudeep Palanad, Bhadra Rajin & Sreedevi Thekkedath
}}

== Release ==

=== Theatrical ===
The film was censored with a U/A certificate by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=B 32 Muthal 44 Vare censored U/A, release date announced |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/apr/03/b-32-muthal-44-vare-censored-ua-release-date-announced-41880.html |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=3 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410082618/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2023/apr/03/b-32-muthal-44-vare-censored-ua-release-date-announced-41880.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''B 32 Muthal 44 Vare'' was released in theatres on 6 April 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=5 April 2023 |title='B 32 Muthal 44 Vare' is an emotional drama and a satire on body shaming, says Shruthi Sharanyam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/b-32-muthal-44-vare-is-an-emotional-drama-and-a-satire-on-body-shaming-says-shruthi-sharanyam/article66698376.ece |access-date=2 October 2023 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=9 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809231617/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/b-32-muthal-44-vare-is-an-emotional-drama-and-a-satire-on-body-shaming-says-shruthi-sharanyam/article66698376.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==

=== Critical reception ===
Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "The film is a pathbreaking celebration for women and a thought provoker for society."<ref>{{Cite news |last=George |first=Anjana |date=7 April 2023 |title=B 32 Muthal 44 Vare Movie Review : A good understanding of gender issues |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/b-32-muthal-44-vare/movie-review/99322294.cms |url-status=live |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408033517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/b-32-muthal-44-vare/movie-review/99322294.cms |archive-date=8 April 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

S. R. Praveen of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "Through the stories of six well-written characters, Shruthi Sharanyam's film sensitively portrays the body politics faced by women while also delicately and empathetically handling [[homosexuality]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Praveen |first=S. R. |date=2023-04-07 |title='B 32 Muthal 44 Vare' movie review: A sensitive, nuanced take on body politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-a-sensitive-nuanced-take-on-body-politics/article66710177.ece |issn=0971-751X |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410080401/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-a-sensitive-nuanced-take-on-body-politics/article66710177.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cris of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "The film, through the stories of six persons, takes you through crises, both small and big, related to bodily issues that get resolved with the comforting support that one lends another."<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2023 |title=B 32 Muthal 44 Vare: Shruthi Sharanyam's debut feature film celebrates sisterhood |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/b-32-muthal-44-vare-shruthi-sharanyam-s-debut-feature-film-celebrates-sisterhood-174533 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410080904/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/b-32-muthal-44-vare-shruthi-sharanyam-s-debut-feature-film-celebrates-sisterhood-174533 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref>

Princy Alexander of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote "''B 32 Muthal 44 Vare'', as ambiguous as the title sounds, is a straightforward movie that explores the female psyche and the physique, through the lives of five women and a [[transgender]]."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Princy |date=6 April 2023 |title='B 32 Muthal 44 Vare' starring Remya Nambeesan boldly explores the woman's physique and psyche |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/06/b-32-muthal-44-vare-ksfdc-movie-review-remya-nambeesan.html |access-date=2 October 2023 |website=Onmanorama |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408083904/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2023/04/06/b-32-muthal-44-vare-ksfdc-movie-review-remya-nambeesan.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vignesh Madhu of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars and stated that "The title ''B 32 Muthal 44 Vare'', which refers to the bust sizes of women's innerwear, is apt for this film as it deals with how a woman's breasts have a telling impact on the course of her life."<ref>{{Cite web |title=B 32 Muthal 44 Vare review: An insightful take on body politics |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/apr/07/b-32-muthal-44-vare-review-an-insightful-take-on-body-politics-2563383.html |website=The New Indian Express |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410080904/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/apr/07/b-32-muthal-44-vare-review-an-insightful-take-on-body-politics-2563383.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Critics from ''[[Mathrubhumi]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-09 |title=മാറിടത്തിലേക്കുള്ള ആൺനോട്ടങ്ങളുടെ മാറ്റം, അതാണ് ബി 32 മുതൽ 44 വരെ സിനിമയുടെ ചരിത്രപ്രാധാന്യം |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-directed-by-shruthi-sharanyam-1.8464811 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410080905/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-directed-by-shruthi-sharanyam-1.8464811 |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[Indian Express Malayalam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=സ്ത്രീ ശരീരത്തിന്റെ രാഷ്ട്രീയം പറഞ്ഞ് 'ബി 32 മുതൽ 44 വരെ' റിവ്യൂ |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/review/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-rating-shruthi-sharanyam-783954/ |website=Indian Express Malayalam |language=ml |access-date=10 April 2023 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410082410/https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/review/b-32-muthal-44-vare-movie-review-rating-shruthi-sharanyam-783954/ |url-status=live }}</ref> gave mixed reviews.

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[Padmarajan Award]]
|Best Screenwriter
|Shruthi Sharanyam
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.dcbooks.com |date=2023-05-22 |title=എം.മുകുന്ദനും വി.ജെ ജെയിംസിനും പത്മരാജൻ സാഹിത്യ പുരസ്‌കാരം; ചലച്ചിത്ര പുരസ്‌കാരം ലിജോ ജോസ് പെല്ലിശ്ശേരിക്കും ശ്രുതി ശരണ്യത്തിനും |url=https://www.dcbooks.com/padmarajan-awards-announced-3.html |access-date=2023-07-21 |language=en-gb |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528175550/https://www.dcbooks.com/padmarajan-awards-announced-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Awards 2022|Kerala Film Critics Association Awards]]
|[[Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Film|Best Film]]
|''B 32 Muthal 44 Vare''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=Kerala Film Critics Awards: Darshana Rajendran, Kunchacko Boban are best actors; B 32 Muthal 44 Vare and Headmaster named best film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-film-critics-awards-darshana-rajendran-kunchacko-boban-best-actors-b-32-muthal-44-vare-headmaster-win-8624128/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005410/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/kerala-film-critics-awards-darshana-rajendran-kunchacko-boban-best-actors-b-32-muthal-44-vare-headmaster-win-8624128/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Kerala State Film Awards]]
|[[Kerala State Film Award|Special Award in Any Category for Women/Transgender]]
|Shruthi Sharanyam
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-21 |title=സംസ്ഥാന ചലച്ചിത്ര പുരസ്‌കാരം; മികച്ച നടൻ മമ്മൂട്ടി, നടി വിൻസി അലോഷ്യസ്‌ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/kerala-state-film-awards-best-actress-actor-cinema-director-2022-2023-1.8749311 |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721123533/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/kerala-state-film-awards-best-actress-actor-cinema-director-2022-2023-1.8749311 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|26425912}}

[[Category:2023 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:2023 directorial debut films]]

Tada, Tirupati district

2026-02-28T16:59:33Z

ClairBoone: starting new location

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tada
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline = Tada Falls near SriCity.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Tada Falls near SriCity
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = Right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.586311|N|80.036473|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 524401
| area_code = 08623
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = AP 26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|hot]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Tirupati
| blank3_name_sec1 =[[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Sulurupeta
}}

'''Tada''' is a place in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] And Nearest To Chennai City

== Transport ==
[[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]], a part of [[Golden Quadrilateral]] highway network, bypasses the village.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Highways Development Project Map|url=http://nhai.org/NH5_Kolkata_chennai_english.htm|website=National Highways Authority of India|access-date=21 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422033110/http://nhai.org/NH5_Kolkata_chennai_english.htm|archive-date=22 April 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Tada}}

{{Tirupati district}}

[[Category:Towns in Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Tirupati district]]

Arthur Douglas Carey

2026-02-26T13:22:58Z

ClairBoone: Starting initial pg and citations.

{{Short description|British traveller in Central Asia (?-1936)}}

'''Arthur Douglas Carey''' ({{Circa|1844}}–1936) was a British civil servant in India, now remembered as a traveller in [[Central Asia]], and in particular for exploration in what is now [[Xinjiang]].

==Early life==
Carey was educated at the [[City of London School]], and qualified for the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1864. He went out to Bombay in 1865. He was a Collector of Salt Revenue in 1881, and the same year Acting Commissioner of Indian Customs.<ref name="IBD">{{cite IBD1915|wstitle=Carey, Arthur Douglas}}</ref><ref name="Obit">{{cite journal |title=Obituary: Arthur Douglas Carey |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=1936 |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=191–192 |jstor=1785866 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785866 |issn=0016-7398}}</ref>

==Expedition 1885–1887==
On his self-financed Central Asian journey while on furlough from the Indian Civil Service, Carey started from [[Simla]]. He was accompanied from [[Leh]] as interpreter by [[Andrew Dalgleish (spy)|Andrew Dalgleish]].<ref name="Obit"/> Their group left Leh and crossed the valley of the [[Chang Chenmo River]] into the [[Aksai Chin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=Julie |title=Britain and Tibet 1765-1947: A Select Annotated Bibliography of British Relations with Tibet and the Himalayan States including Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan Revised and Updated to 2003 |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-32784-3 |page=179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA179 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Chinese Turkistan and Northern Tibet.jpg|thumb|Journeys of A. D. Carey and [[Nikolay Przhevalsky]] of the 1880s in what is now southern Xinjiang]]
For some of the way Carey and Dalgleish were accompanied by [[H. E. M. James]].<ref name="AIM25">{{cite web |title=Carey, Arthur D (d 1936), AIM25 collection description |url=https://aim25.com/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=6369&inst_id=10&nv1=search&nv2= |website=aim25.com}}</ref> In Carey's words:

<blockquote>I struck a bargain for baggage-ponies with the Tartars of the frontier villages on the [[Pangong Lake]], and left Tanksé on the 12th of August with a caravan of thirty-one men and forty-nine ponies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carey |first1=A. D. |title=A Journey Round Chinese Turkistan and along the Northern Frontier of Tibet |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography |date=1887 |volume=9 |issue=12 |page=732 |doi=10.2307/1801130 |jstor=1801130 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1801130 |issn=0266-626X}}</ref></blockquote>

They travelled east from [[Nubra]], passing the landmark Lake Mungtsa (various spellings) and reaching Tashlik-kul on the edge of the Aksai Chin on day 17. They used a high pass, rising to over {{convert|17,500|feet}}. They headed north to [[Keriya Town]] and so to [[Hotan]] (Khotan).<ref>{{cite book |title=Journey of Carey and Dalgleish in Chinese Turkistan and Northern Tibet and Orography from RGSSPv3 |date=1890 |page=18 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1282/page/18/mode/1up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sandberg |first1=Graham |title=The exploration of Tibet : its history and particulars from 1623 to 1904 |date=1904 |publisher=Calcutta : Thacker, Spink & Co.; London : W. Thacker & Co. |page=197 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924023493863/page/n209/mode/2up}}</ref><ref name="Waller">{{cite book |last1=Waller |first1=Derek |title=The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia |date=2004 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-4904-2 |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqkeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 |language=en}}</ref>

In terminology of the time attributed to [[Carl Ritter]], the party had crossed the [[Kunlun Mountains]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Kuen-lun}}</ref> This first leg of the journey was {{convert|585|miles}}. The route was not at all well known, but had been documented in 1873 by [[Kishen Singh (explorer)|Kishen Singh]], in association with the mission of [[Douglas Forsyth]] to [[Kashgar]]. Singh went from north to south, rather than south to north, as Carey's party did, and [[Ney Elias]] later.<ref name="Waller"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Journey of Carey and Dalgleish in Chinese Turkistan and Northern Tibet and Orography from RGSSPv3 |date=1890 |page=10 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1282/page/10/mode/1up}}</ref>

Carey and Dalgleish were the first Europeans to follow the [[Hotan River]] from Hotan downstream into the [[Tarim Basin]], and the [[Yarkand River]]. At the confluence, they went along the [[Tarim River]] to the eastern Kashgar Plain.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baumer |first1=Christoph |title=History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-868-2 |page=117|volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DhiWDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA117 |language=en}}</ref> They visited [[Karasahr]], and went into winter quarters at Kurla to its south. He then turned south to the [[Lop Nur]] salt lake region.<ref name="IBD"/><ref name="Obit"/>

Crossing the [[Altyn-Tagh]], the party gained the [[Tibetan Plateau]], and visited the [[Qaidam Basin]], now in [[Qinghai]]. Then looping north they crossed the so-called Humboldt Range of the Kunlun Mountains, and made a way back through [[Hami]], [[Urumchi]], and [[Yarkand]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Tibet}}</ref> The expedition ended in Ladakh, reached by a more northerly route than on the outbound journey, and the [[Karakorum]] pass.<ref name="Obit"/>

For his leadership of this expedition, Carey was awarded the Founder's Medal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]] in 1889.<ref name="AIM25"/>

==Later life==
Carey was Commissioner of Customs, Salt, Opium and Abkari, 1891. In 1891–2 he was in [[Lisbon]], involved in the [[Goa Treaty]] negotiations, at the time of the [[Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1891]].<ref name="IBD"/> He retired from the Indian Civil Service in 1893, and went to live in Switzerland. He died on 11 June 1936, at age 91.<ref name="Obit"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Arthur Douglas}}
[[Category:1840s births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]

[[Category:19th-century British civil servants]]
[[Category:19th-century British explorers]]
[[Category:People educated at the City of London School]]

Alirajpur

2026-02-24T18:40:20Z

ClairBoone: Expanded content with additional details

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Alirajpur city
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Alirajpur city
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 240
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/1
| image1 = Ancient Temple Near Alirajpur.png
| image2 = Railway station alirajpur.png}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panchlingeshwar Temple Railway Station Alirajpur
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|18|19|N|74|21|9|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Alirajpur district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = King Alia Bhil
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 28,498
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages hindi, aadiwasi
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 457887<ref name="pincode">{{cite web|url=https://pin-code.net/in-loc/alirajpur-pin-code/382885/|title=Alirajpur Pin code|publisher=pin-code.net|accessdate=7 June 2021}}</ref>
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#MP.E2.80.94Madhya Pradesh|MP-69]]
| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate]]
| website = {{URL|https://alirajpur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Alirajpur''' is a city in the [[Alirajpur tehsil]] in [[Alirajpur district]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].

[[Alirajpur State]] was formerly a [[princely state]] of [[India]], under the [[Bhopawar Agency]] in [[Central India]]. It lay in the [[Malwa]] region of [[Madhya Pradesh]], near the border with [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]. It had an area of 836 m2.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Alirajpur|volume=1|page=671}}</ref> It had been from time to time under British administration. The Victoria bridge at Alirajpur was built to commemorate the [[Diamond Jubilee]] of 1897.<ref name="EB1911" />

== Demographics ==
As of the 2001 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Alirajpur had a population of 25,161. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==History==
During the [[British Raj]] Alirajpur was the capital of [[Alirajpur State]], one of the [[princely state]]s of India.<ref name="sketch1875">Malleson, G. B.: ''An historical sketch of the native states of India'', London 1875, Reprint Delhi 1984</ref>
After India got independence in the year 1947, the ruling family of Alirajpur State moved to Delhi, where the last ruler of Ali Rajpur, Surendra Singh, subsequently served as the Ambassador of India to Spain in the 1980s.

== Geography ==
Alirajpur's topography is predominantly hilly. Area-wise, the former Alirajpur taluka was larger than the Jhabua taluka of Jhabua district. Now Alirajpur is a District. The Rajwara fort is situated in the centre of the town.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Alirajpur (1991–2020)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 35.0
| Feb record high C = 38.0
| Mar record high C = 42.4
| Apr record high C = 46.2
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 43.6
| Jul record high C = 39.8
| Aug record high C = 37.4
| Sep record high C = 38.0
| Oct record high C = 44.5
| Nov record high C = 39.5
| Dec record high C = 38.0
|year record high C = 47.5
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 3.6
| Mar record low C = 6.9
| Apr record low C = 13.0
| May record low C = 16.0
| Jun record low C = 18.4
| Jul record low C = 17.2
| Aug record low C = 16.4
| Sep record low C = 12.0
| Oct record low C = 11.0
| Nov record low C = 5.0
| Dec record low C = 2.2
|year record low C = 0.0
|Jan high C = 26.0
|Feb high C = 29.3
|Mar high C = 34.5
|Apr high C = 37.5
|May high C = 38.2
|Jun high C = 35.1
|Jul high C = 29.9
|Aug high C = 28.5
|Sep high C = 29.9
|Oct high C = 32.1
|Nov high C = 29.4
|Dec high C = 26.9
| year high C = 31.4
|Jan low C = 9.5
|Feb low C = 11.5
|Mar low C = 15.0
|Apr low C = 20.1
|May low C = 23.3
|Jun low C = 21.9
|Jul low C = 20.7
|Aug low C = 20.1
|Sep low C = 20.0
|Oct low C = 17.3
|Nov low C = 13.8
|Dec low C = 9.7
| year low C = 17.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.0
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.1
| Apr rain mm = 0.0
| May rain mm = 0.0
| Jun rain mm = 85.8
| Jul rain mm = 209.2
| Aug rain mm = 140.6
| Sep rain mm = 110.7
| Oct rain mm = 11.2
| Nov rain mm = 1.0
| Dec rain mm = 0.0
| year rain mm = 558.5
| Jan rain days = 0.0
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.0
| Apr rain days = 0.0
| May rain days = 0.1
| Jun rain days = 2.4
| Jul rain days = 10.2
| Aug rain days = 6.1
| Sep rain days = 3.8
| Oct rain days = 0.8
| Nov rain days = 0.1
| Dec rain days = 0.0
| year rain days = 23.5
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 46
| Feb humidity = 33
| Mar humidity = 28
| Apr humidity = 30
| May humidity = 35
| Jun humidity = 52
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 78
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 50
| Dec humidity = 51
|year humidity = 49
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240408025145/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 8 April 2024
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Station: Alirajpur Climatological Table 1991–2020
| work = Climatological Normals 1991–2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}</ref>
}}

== Economy ==
Its economy depends primarily on agricultural endeavours, especially farming, especially mangoes. The agricultural trading yard in Alirajpur is the biggest in the state when it comes to mango trading. Alirajpur is also a hub for dolomite business.

In terms of industrial development, Alirajpur thrives in sectors like textiles, handlooms, and agro-based industries. However, its true economic backbone lies in agriculture, with a significant focus on the production of Mahua. Mahua, derived from the flowers of the Mahua tree, its immense economic potential and cultural significance.<ref>{{cite web | title=Economy | District Administration Alirajpur, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India | url=https://alirajpur.nic.in/en/economy/ }}</ref>

==Places to Interest==
Panchlingeshwar, This temple is quite famous due to its amazing architecture. This temple has been built by hand carving on stones, in which small temples have been carved in the same shape as this temple and these also include figures of ancient gods and goddesses. This ancient Panchalingeshwar Mahadev temple is located at a distance of about 5 kilometers from Alirajpur.

== Transport==

On 30 October 2019, a new railway line was inaugurated between [[Alirajpur railway station|Alirajpur station]] and [[Pratapnagar railway station|Pratapnagar station]] in [[Vadodara]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/alirajpur-arpr/10950 | title=Alirajpur Railway Station Map/Atlas WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry }}</ref> Alirajpur is connected by bus to [[Indore]] and nearby districts.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indore Division}}

[https://www.adivasigane.com/ Adivasi Song Download] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416030443/https://www.adivasigane.com/ |date=16 April 2021 }} popular tribal songs of alirajpur

[[Category:Cities and towns in Alirajpur district]]
[[Category:Jhabua]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1437]]
[[Category:Cities in Malwa]]

Badeshi

2026-02-18T19:27:27Z

ClairBoone: Starting initial data more to come.

{{Short description|Indo-Iranian language spoken in Pakistan}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Badeshi
| altname =
| speakers = 3
| states = [[Pakistan]]
| region = [[Bishigram Valley]], Chail
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = (unclassified)
| script = [[Arabic script]],<ref>{{cite web|title= Usage of Nasta'liq in the Modern Publications - Typography Day |url= https://typoday.in/2012/spk_papers/farzan-kermaninejad-typographyday2012.pdf|website=Typography Day}}</ref> words also transcribed in [[Latin script]]
| iso3 = bdz
| glotto = bade1240
| glottorefname = Badeshi
| image = File:Badeshi in Nastaliq.svg
| imagecaption = Badeshi written in Nastaliq
| ethnicity = Badeshi people
| ref = <ref name="BBC"/>
| date = 2018
}}

'''Badeshi''' is an unclassified [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian language]] spoken in northern [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hulst |first1=Harry van der |last2=Goedemans |first2=Rob |last3=Zanten |first3=Ellen van |title=A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World |date=2010 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-019631-3 |page=551 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZGUEQmFqfMC&dq=Badeshi+language&pg=PA551 }}</ref> The language is critically endangered and considered at risk of extinction. In 2018, the [[BBC]] found three men who could still speak the language.<ref name="BBC" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtS4AIMlSZ8 |title=The language only three men speak - BBC News |date=26 February 2018 |last=BBC News |access-date=5 November 2024 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

Muhammad Zaman Sagar, a field linguist connected to the Forum for Language Initiative, has worked on this language. But as a result of his research during two years, he collected only about one hundred words.<ref name="BBC" /> In July 2007, he visited the [[Bishigram Valley]] again and spent some days with the people there. There are efforts to retain a record of the language by linguist [[Zubair Torwali]] among others.<ref name="Dawn2018"/> Torwali has posited that it may be related to [[Yidgha language|Yidgha]] or [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]].<ref name="Dawn2018">{{Cite news |last=Khaliq |first=Fazal |date=10 January 2018 |title=Swat's ancient language breathing its last |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1381971 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |access-date=30 September 2024}}</ref>

== Usage ==
In 2018, BBC reporters found three old men (Said Gul, Ali Sher and Rahim Gul) who could still speak Badeshi in the [[Bishigram Valley]] in [[Northern Pakistan]].<ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43194056|title=Only three people speak this language|last=Syed|first=Zafar|date=26 February 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=5 November 2024|language=en-GB}}</ref> They claimed that the language had initially been spoken by nine or ten families in their village, but that the [[Torwali language]] had taken over. The men had also worked in tourist areas in the [[Swat District|Swat Valley]], where they spoke [[Pashto]]. Some [[romanised]] phrases of Badeshi were:<ref name="BBC" />
* {{lang|bdz-Latn|Meen naao Rahim Gul thi}} – My name is Rahim Gul
* {{lang|bdz-Latn|Meen Badeshi jibe aasa}} – I speak Badeshi
* {{lang|bdz-Latn|Theen haal khale thi?}} – How do you do?
* {{lang|bdz-Latn|May grot khekti}} – I have eaten
* {{lang|bdz-Latn|Ishu kaale heem kam ikthi}} – There is not much snowfall this year

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091027113527/http://geocities.com/kcs_kalam/badeshi.html The Badeshi People in Bishigram and Tirat valley, Swat]
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43194056 Badeshi: Only three people speak this 'extinct' language]

{{Languages of Pakistan}}
{{Indo-Iranian languages}}
[[Category:Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Indo-Iranian languages]]
[[Category:Critically endangered languages]]
[[Category:Unclassified Indo-European languages]]

Teghra Assembly constituency

2026-02-09T17:58:10Z

ClairBoone: refine intro also and added references based on references

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Teghra
|type= SLA
|map_image = 143-Teghra constituency.svg
|map_caption =
|map_alt =
|mla = [[Rajnish Kumar Singh]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Begusarai District|Begusarai]]
|division =
|loksabha_cons = [[Begusarai Lok Sabha constituency|Begusarai]]
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|143]]
|established = 1951
| electors = 302,549
|reservation = None
|abolished =
}}
'''Teghra''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Begusarai district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].<ref name="election2015">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/direct-contest-between-nda-grand-alliance-on-5-begusarai-seats/articleshow/49120159.cms|title=Direct contest between NDA, grand alliance on 5 Begusarai seats | Patna News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> It was earlier called [[Barauni Assembly constituency]].<ref name="election2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/left-has-golden-chance-for-a-turnaround-in-bihar/article5951855.ece|title=Left has golden chance for a turnaround in Bihar|first=K.|last=Balchand|date=27 April 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 143 Teghra Assembly constituency is composed of the following:
* Teghra [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]];
* Bihat I to IV, Malhipur (North), Malhipur (South), Papraur, Garahara I & II,
* [[Simaria]] I & II,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/poor-paean-to-poet-dinkars-memory/articleshow/49157704.cms|title=Poor paean to poet Dinkar’s memory | Patna News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Rajwara, Amarpur, Peepra Dewas and Hajipur [[gram panchayat]]s of Barauni CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Teghra Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 [[Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Bachwara Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/bachwara.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| rowspan="2" |Ram Charitra Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|[[Chandrasekhar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1967-2008: See [[Barauni Assembly constituency|Barauni]]''}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|Lalan Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|Birendra Kumar
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|[[Ram Ratan Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Rajnish Kumar Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Teghra<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Teghra">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Results: Teghra |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04143.htm |access-date=13 December 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213145229/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04143.htm |archive-date=13 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rajnish Kumar Singh]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:112770}}
|percentage = 53.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ram Ratan Singh]]
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:77406}}
|percentage = 36.4
|change = -13.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ram Nandan Singh
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:8442}}
|percentage = 3.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sudha Bharti
|votes = {{formatnum:3169}}
|percentage = 1.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2021}}
|percentage = 0.95
|change = -1.22
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:35364}}
|percentage = 16.64
|change = -11.39
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:212629}}
|percentage = 70.28
|change = +10.28
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Communist Party of India
|swing = 16.64
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Teghra<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Ram Ratan Singh
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = {{formatnum:85229}}
|percentage = 49.8
|change = +33.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Birendra Kumar
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = {{formatnum:37250}}
|percentage = 21.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lalan Kumar
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = {{formatnum:29936}}
|percentage = 17.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Chandan Mahato
|votes = {{formatnum:3945}}
|percentage = 2.31
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjiv Kumar Bharti
|votes = {{formatnum:3927}}
|percentage = 2.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Shri Ram Rai
|votes = {{formatnum:1582}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3718}}
|percentage = 2.17
|change = +0.42
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:47979}}
|percentage = 28.03
|change = +18.26
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171126}}
|percentage = 60.0
|change = +0.55
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Communist Party of India
|loser = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing = 28.03
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: Teghra<ref name="election2015"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Birendra Kumar Mahto
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:68975}}
|percentage = 43.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ram Lakhan Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:53364}}
|percentage = 33.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ram Ratan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:25818}}
|percentage = 16.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjeev Kumar Bharti
|votes = {{formatnum:4413}}
|percentage = 2.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Deepak Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:1946}}
|percentage = 1.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2804}}
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15611}}
|percentage = 9.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:159818}}
|percentage = 59.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = BJP
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
In the [[2010 Bihar legislative assembly election|2010 state assembly elections]], Lalan Kunwar of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won the newly constituted Teghra seat defeating his nearest rival Ram Ratan Singh of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]].<ref name="election1977">{{cite web |title=Teghra Election Results since 1977 |url=http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-results/teghra.php |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Travel India Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Saffron is the new red in Bihar’s Leningrad | Patna News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/saffron-is-the-new-red-in-bihars-leningrad/articleshow/49030326.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 1962, Chandra Shekhar Singh won from Barauni seat as the first Left party member to the state legislative assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/tough-time-for-left-parties-in-leningrad-of-east/articleshow/48861665.cms|title=Tough time for Left parties in ‘Leningrad of East’ | Patna News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Since then Teghra has been bastion of CPI till 2010 when it was defeated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/|title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News|website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Munger Division topics}}
{{coord|25|29|31|N|85|56|19|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Begusarai district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Barauni]]

Karishma Mehta

2026-02-07T23:26:41Z

ClairBoone: made some stub needs work

{{Short description|Writer and photographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Karishma Mehta
| image = Karishma Mehta, Ordinary People Extraordinary Stories launch, standing.jpg
| caption = Mehta at 2019 launch of her book, ''Humans of Bombay: Ordinary People Extraordinary Stories''
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|03|05}} | birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* Writer
* Photographer
}}
| known_for = [[Humans of Bombay]]
| years_active = 2014–present
}}

'''Karishma Mehta''' (born 5 March 1992) is the founder of the photo blog page [[Humans of Bombay]] which launched in January 2014, and author of the related book ''Humans of Bombay''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thepostindia.co.in/14013-2/|title= Meet The Founder: Karishma Mehta {Humans of Bombay}|website= The Post|date= 7 July 2020|language=en |access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref>

==Biography==
Mehta was born and raised in [[Mumbai]] and attended the [[Bombay Scottish School, Mahim]].<ref name="Singh 2015">{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Tanaya |title=Meet the Human Behind the Popular 'Humans of Bombay' Page |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/39315/humans-of-bombay-facebook-karishma-mehta/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=[[The Better India]] |date=26 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="Joshi 2016">{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Poorva |date=6 May 2016 |title=Meet Karishma Mehta, the woman behind Humans of Bombay |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/meet-karishma-mehta-the-woman-behind-humans-of-bombay/story-Zwhwt3VJmysEGx62ZsuukJ.html |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> She attended a boarding school in [[Bangalore]] for two years and then college in the UK for three years.<ref name="Singh 2015"/> In 2013, Mehta was an economics and business student in Nottingham, UK,<ref name="Joshi 2016"/> and holds a degree in business and economics<ref name="Shaikh 2018">{{cite news |last1=Shaikh |first1=Sadaf |date=11 January 2018 |title=Karishma Mehta On How Humans Of Bombay Captures The Invincible Spirit Of The City |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/karishma-mehta-on-how-humans-of-bombay-captures-the-invincible-spirit-of-the-city |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref> from the [[University of Nottingham]].<ref name="Vaz 2016">{{cite news |last1=Vaz |first1=Wyanet |title=Karishma Mehta On The Power Of A Facebook Page |url=https://www.vervemagazine.in/people/karishma-mehta-humans-of-bombay |access-date=18 June 2021 |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |date=29 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Lakhe 2014">{{cite news |last1=Lakhe |first1=Amruta |date=22 April 2014 |title=Being the humans of Bombay |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/being-the-humans-of-bombay/ |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> She is a freelance writer for various publications, including ''[[National Geographic]]''.<ref name="Joshi 2016" /> She is a [[TED (conference)#TEDx|TEDx]] speaker.<ref name="Borges 2017">{{cite news |last1=Borges |first1=Andre |title=People Are Inspired By The Woman Behind Humans Of Bombay Honestly Speaking About Her Failures |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/andreborges/people-really-appreciate-the-woman-behind-humans-of-bombay |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=17 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Rodrigues 2018">{{cite news |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Janice |title=Meet the Humans of Bombay founder |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/meet-the-humans-of-bombay-founder |access-date=17 June 2021 |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=3 August 2018}}</ref> Mehta is fluent in Hindi, English and Marathi.<ref name="Rodrigues 2018" /> She is the niece of [[Zarna Garg]].

==Works==
In January 2014, Mehta began the ''Humans of Bombay'' Facebook page, copied from American Photographer [[Brandon Stanton]]'s - the [[Humans of New York]] (HoNY) Facebook page.<ref name="Joshi 2016" /><ref name="Lakhe 2016">{{cite news |last1=Lakhe |first1=Amruta |date=14 April 2016 |title=From the heart, through a lens |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/from-the-heart-through-a-lens/article8474697.ece |access-date=17 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="Shaikh 2018" /> After discovering the HoNY page in 2013, she tried to find a similar page for Mumbai, and after not finding one, she created a logo and made a Facebook page herself.<ref name="Joshi 2016" /> To find subjects for the website, Mehta approached people on the street<ref name="Joshi 2016" /><ref name="Shaikh 2018" /><ref name="Rodrigues 2018" /> and interviewed them.<ref name="Lakhe 2014" /> By 2018, her team had expanded to six members based in Mumbai, with freelance members in other parts of India.<ref name="Rodrigues 2018" />

In 2016, Mehta compiled posts, into a self-published book, ''Humans of Bombay'',<ref name="Shaikh 2018" /> in her attempt to directly raise money to fund the website.<ref name="Joshi 2016" />

As of 2021, the site has over a million followers on Facebook and over two million on Instagram.<ref>{{Cite news |title=She Was Just 21 When She Started 'Humans Of Bombay'. Here's Her Story |url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/karishma-mehta-the-woman-who-started-humans-of-bombay-heres-her-story-2623975 |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=NDTV.com | first=Sanya | last=Jain | date=25 November 2021}}</ref> In 2022, she launched an interview-based YouTube web series called "How The Hell Did I Do It?" which features businesspeople, celebrities, and other accomplished people answering interview questions to provide insight on how they accomplished certain things in their lives.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-10 |title=How the hell did she do it? |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/how-the-hell-did-she-doit-101662816067956.html |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Plagiarism and Controversy ==
In October 2023, Mehta faced widespread cyber trolling after a failed attempt at suing another page 'People of India' for copyright infringement and Mehta's work called out for plagiarism.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Received Death, Rape Threats": Humans Of Bombay CEO Amid Plagiarism Row |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/received-death-rape-threats-humans-of-bombay-ceo-and-founder-karishma-mehta-amid-plagiarism-row-4473935 |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Mehta and Humans of Bombay also received criticism from their inspiration Brandon Stanton, the founder of the Humans of New York<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-27 |title='Haven't received a penny for a single story': Humans of New York founder hits back at Humans of Bombay for reducing art to a 'product' |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/havent-received-a-penny-for-a-single-story-humans-of-new-york-founder-hits-back-at-humans-of-bombay-for-reducing-art-to-a-product/articleshow/103962624.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Humans of Bombay Lost at Its Own Game |url=https://www.thejuggernaut.com/humans-of-new-york-controversy-humans-of-bombay-lawsuit |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=The Juggernaut |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-25 |title=Humans of Bombay vs. Humans of New York: All you need to know about the controversy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/humans-of-bombay-vs-humans-of-new-york-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-controversy/articleshow/103928016.cms |access-date=2024-12-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/almost-every-photo-has-a-common-undertone-of-mumbai-karishma-mehta/story-mH8CdDam8CB1FyQ02XMnXN.html Almost every photo has a common undertone of Mumbai: Karishma Mehta] (''Hindustan Times'', 2016)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Karishma}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Nottingham]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian women photographers]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian photographers]]
[[Category:1992 births]]

Sammelanam (TV series)

2026-02-05T22:29:56Z

ClairBoone: starting new stub

{{Short description|Indian Telugu-language webseries}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| executive_producer = Sharath V
| producer = {{plain list|
* Sunayani B
* Saketh J
}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| genre = [[Romantic comedy]]
| music = Saravana Vasudev
| creator =
| writer = Tharun Mahadev
| director = Tharun Mahadev
| cinematography = Sravan G Kumar
| editor = Sravan G Kumar
| camera =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| company = A Good Tale Cinema
| network = [[ETV Win]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|02|20|df=yes}}
| last_aired = present
| image = Sammelanam (TV series).jpg
}}

'''''Sammelanam''''' is an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[romantic comedy]] television series written and directed by Tharun Mahadev.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Sammelanam Web Series Review: సమ్మేళనం వెబ్ సిరీస్ రివ్యూ... |url=https://telugu.timesnownews.com/entertainment/sammelanam-web-series-review-etv-win-web-series-mix-of-love-friendship-and-fun-article-118456217 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=Times Now Telugu |language=te}}</ref> The series featured [[Priya Vadlamani]] and Ganaaditya in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2025-02-20 |title=Sammelanam Web Series Review : విలన్ లేని ట్రయాంగిల్ లవ్ స్టోరీ.. సమ్మేళనం వెబ్ సిరీస్ రివ్యూ |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/top-cinema-news/sammelanam-web-series-review-759158.html |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref> It was premiered on 20 February 2025 on [[ETV Win]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-19 |title=Sammelanam OTT release date: Here's when and where you can watch new Telugu web series based on crazy love triangle online |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sammelanam-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-new-telugu-film-based-on-crazy-love-triangle-online-1373251 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219093345/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sammelanam-ott-release-date-heres-when-and-where-you-can-watch-new-telugu-film-based-on-crazy-love-triangle-online-1373251 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Cast ==
* Ganaaditya as Ram
* [[Priya Vadlamani]] as Meghana
* Vignay Abhishek as Arjun
* Jeevanpriya Reddy as Andallu, Rahul, and Shreyas' maid.
* Srikanth Gurram as Rahul
* Nuthakki Bindhu Bhargavi as Shreya
* Shivanth Yachamaneni

== Soundtrack ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music =
| title1 = Naalo
| length1 = 3:26
| music1 = Yashwanth Nag
| lyrics1 = Vanamali
| extra1 = Soujanya Bhagavatula
}}

== Reception ==
Ramu Chinthakindhi of ''[[Times Now]]'' stated that " Overall, 'Sammelanam' is a film that appeals to the youth and is worth watching with the family."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=Sammelanam Web Series Review: సమ్మేళనం వెబ్ సిరీస్ రివ్యూ... |url=https://telugu.timesnownews.com/entertainment/sammelanam-web-series-review-etv-win-web-series-mix-of-love-friendship-and-fun-article-118456217 |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Times Now Telugu |language=te}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote that "Finally, the ''Sammelanam'' web series, which has a total of six episodes, each about 25 to 30 minutes long, has a routine concept and gives a good feeling while watching it" and rated it two out of five.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |title=Telugu Movies: రెండు మూడు పాత్రలతోనే వచ్చిన తెలుగు సినిమాలు.. మహేశ్ బాబు సోదరి మంజుల మూవీ కూడా ఉంది! |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/two-or-three-actors-played-movies-in-telugu-like-manjula-ghattamaneni-show-shriya-saran-mogudu-pellam-o-dongodu-mithunam-121740573148514.html |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|35747039|Sammelanam}}
* [https://www.etvwin.com/win-exclusive/sammelanam ''Sammelanam''] on [[ETV Win]]

[[Category:2025 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 web series endings]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]
[[Category:2020s romantic comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:ETV Win original programming]]

Shekhar Naik

2026-02-02T14:24:14Z

ClairBoone: starting article.

{{Short description|Congress Rahul Gandhi Paapu hai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Shekhar
Naik
| image =File:The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Shekar Naik Lachma, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 30, 2017.jpg
| image_caption = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Shri Shekar Naik Lachma, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on 30 March 2017
| country = India
| fullname = Lachma Shekhar naik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|7|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shimoga]], [[Karnataka]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nickname =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = Wicket-keeper
| date = 25 January 2017
| source = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35277.html ESPNcricinfo]
}}

'''Shekhar Naik''' (born 7 April 1986) is an Indian [[national blind cricketer]] and a former captain of the [[India national blind cricket team]]. He captained India to victories at the T20 Blind Cricket World Cup in 2012 and Blind Cricket World Cup in 2014. In 2017, the Government of India awarded Shekhar Naik with [[Padma Shri]], the country's fourth highest civilian honour. He is a Right-handed batsman and also a wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Arka|title=A true Indian sporting hero : Shekhar Naik |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/a-true-indian-sporting-hero-shekhar-naik/articleshow/49677782.cms|accessdate=25 January 2017|work=The Economic Times|date=5 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhimani |first1=Bhavesh |title=Interview with Indian Cricket Team Captain Shekhar naik: "Our only demand is affiliation with BCCI" |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/interview-indian-blind-cricket-team-043912701.html |accessdate=25 January 2017 |work=Yahoo! News |date=28 September 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202082503/https://in.news.yahoo.com/interview-indian-blind-cricket-team-043912701.html |archivedate=2 February 2017 }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Naik was born in a nomadic [[Banjara]] family in [[Arakere, Shrirangapattana|Arakere]] in southern [[Karnataka]] as the son of a farmer. He was born completely blind, and his mother and 15 members of his family also had visual impairment. Naik injured his head after falling down along the bank of a river when he was seven. He was taken to a health camp organised nearby, and during the treatment the doctors realised the possibility of restoring sight in his right eye. He was subsequently operated upon in [[Bangalore]] and was able to get 60% of his vision in his right eye.<ref name="ES">{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/18556949/meet-shekar-naik-world-cup-winner-know-enough-about |title=Meet Shekar Naik, the World Cup winner you didn't know enough about |date=26 January 2017 |publisher= [[ESPN]] |accessdate=12 July 2017}}</ref>

His father died soon after, and he was sent to the Shri Sharada Devi School for the Blind in [[Shimoga]]. He learnt to play cricket while at the school. He worked in the fields during the summer holidays to fund his cricketing ambitions. His mother died when he was 12. While not playing, he works as a sports coordinator for an NGO called Samarthanam, which funds the Cricket Association for the Blind in India. He has two daughters.<ref name="ES" /><ref name="SK">{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/shekar-naik-blind-cricketer-won-india-world-cup |title=Shekar Naik: The blind cricketer who won India the World Cup |publisher=Sportskeeda |accessdate=12 July 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230041814/http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/shekar-naik-blind-cricketer-won-india-world-cup |archivedate=30 December 2016 }}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2000, he was drafted into the Karnataka team after scoring 136 runs in 46 balls. He was called up into the [[India national blind cricket team]] in 2002 and went on to captain the team in 2010. Every team consists of 4 B1 players (completely blind), 3 B2 players (partially blind) and 4 B3 players (partially sighted). Naik is among the B2 players. He was the man of the tournament in the 2006 World Cup. He scored 134 runs in 58 balls against England in the finals, to help the team win the inaugural T20 world cup in 2012. He also led the team to victory in the 2014 Cricket World Cup held in [[South Africa]]. In 2017, he became the first Blind cricketer to be awarded the [[Padma vibhushan]].<ref name="ES" /><ref name="SK" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite news|title=Kohli to receive Padma Shri |url=http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/kohli-conferred-padma-shri-award/238448 |accessdate=25 January 2017 |work=Wisden India |date=25 January 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126112556/http://www.wisdenindia.com/cricket-news/kohli-conferred-padma-shri-award/238448 |archivedate=26 January 2017 }}
*{{cite news|title=From Shekhar Naik to Mariyappan Thangavelu: Unsung heroes in Padma Shri list |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/25/from-shekhar-naik-to-mariyappan-thangavelu-unsung-heroes-in-padma-shri-list-1563460--1.html |accessdate=25 January 2017 |work=The Indian Express |date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022159/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/jan/25/from-shekhar-naik-to-mariyappan-thangavelu-unsung-heroes-in-padma-shri-list-1563460--1.html |archivedate=2 February 2017 }}
*{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/a-true-indian-sporting-hero-shekhar-naik/articleshow/49677782.cms |title=A true Indian sporting hero : Shekhar Naik |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |accessdate=12 July 2017 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714194129/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/a-true-indian-sporting-hero-shekhar-naik/articleshow/49677782.cms |archivedate=14 July 2017 |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Arka }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/91059/the-shekar-naik-story-first-blind-cricketer-to-be-awarded-the-padma-shri-t20-world-cup-for-the-blind |title=The Shekar Naik Story - First blind cricketer to be awarded the Padma Shri |publisher= [[CricBuzz]] |accessdate=12 July 2017}}

== External links ==
* {{ESPNcricinfo|id=35277}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Sports}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Shekhar}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian blind people]]
[[Category:Blind cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Shimoga]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports]]

Pune–Nagpur Garib Rath Express

2026-02-02T01:55:56Z

ClairBoone: made initial pg v1

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 008000
| name = Nagpur-Pune Garib Rath Express
| logo = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image = Pune Nagpur Garib Rath Express at Pune Junction.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Garib Rath Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2009|01|19}}<ref name="first-run">{{cite news |title=Pune-Nagpur Garib Rath from today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/pune-nagpur-garib-rath-from-today/articleshow/3998441.cms |access-date=2023-05-23 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2009-01-19}}</ref>
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Pune railway station|Pune]] (PUNE)
| stops = 9
| end = [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur]] (NGP)
| distance = {{convert|890|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 15 hours 45 minutes
| frequency = 3 days a week
| class = [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier Economy]]
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = On-board catering, E-catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12113 / 12114
| speed = {{convert|58|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = [[File:(Nagpur - Pune) Express Route map.jpg|250px]]
| map_state =
}}

The 12113 / 12114 '''Nagpur-Pune Garib Rath Express''' is a [[Garib Rath|Garib Rath class]] express train belonging to [[Indian Railways]] - [[Central Railway zone]] that runs between [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]] and [[Pune railway station|Pune Junction]] three times per week.<ref name="first-run" /> It operates as train number 12113 from [[Pune railway station|Pune Junction]] to [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]] and as train number 12114 in the reverse direction.

==Coaches==

The Nagpur Pune [[Garib Rath Express]] has LHB which 18 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier Economy]] and 2 [[Indian Railways coaching stock|EoG cum SLR]] coaches. Unlike some Garib Rath trains, it does not have [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC Chair Car]] coaches. The configuration and number of coaches are adjusted in response to demand on the line.

The Nagpur Pune Garib Rath Express used to run with ICF Garib Rath Coaches up until 24th June 2024, after which it was upgraded to LHB 3 AC Economy Coaches.

There is no [[Dining car|pantry]] car but catering is arranged on board the train.

==Service==

It is a premier train on the Nagpur Pune sector. Some of the other trains that join Nagpur & Pune are the 11039/40 Maharashtra Express, 12129/30 Azad Hind Express, and 12135/12136 Nagpur–Pune SF Express. It covers the distance of 890.4 kilometres in 15 hours 45 mins as 12113 Pune Nagpur [[Garib Rath]] Express (56.51 km/h) & 15 hours 10 mins as 12114 Nagpur Pune [[Garib Rath]] Express (58.68 km/h)

The Maximum Permissible Speed of this train is 130 km/h.

==Schedule==

12113 Pune Nagpur [[Garib Rath Express]] leaves [[Pune railway station|Pune Junction]] at 17:40 hrs IST and reaches the [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]] next day at 09:25 hrs IST . On return, the 12114 Nagpur Pune [[Garib Rath Express]] leaves [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]] at 18:35 hrs IST and reaches [[Pune railway station|Pune Junction]] next day at 09:45 hrs IST.

==Traction==

Earlier, the train with [[ICF coach]] was hauled between [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]] and [[Manmad Junction railway station|Manmad Junction]] by a Pune based [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM-3A]] handing over to a [[Bhusaval Junction railway station|Bhusaval]] based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] or [[Ajni railway station|Ajni]] based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] for the remainder of its journey.

With progressive electrification, it is now hauled by a [[Bhusaval Junction railway station|Bhusaval]] based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] or [[Ajni railway station|Ajni]] based [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP-7]] for its entire journey.

==Major stoppage==

The train travels at a max speed of 130km/h and makes 14 stops en route.<ref>{{Cite web | title=12113 Train Timetable > Nagpur Garib Rath {{!}} SearchMyTrain | url=https://searchmytrain.com/12113-nagpur-garib-rath-from-pune-to-ngp/route | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822100547/https://searchmytrain.com/12113-nagpur-garib-rath-from-pune-to-ngp/route | access-date=2025-04-07 | archive-date=2016-08-22}}</ref>
# [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Junction]]
# [[Ajni railway station|Ajni]]
# [[Wardha Junction railway station|Wardha Junction]]
# [[Dhamangaon railway station|Dhamangaon]]
# [[Badnera Junction railway station|Badnera Junction]]
# [[Akola Junction railway station|Akola Junction]]
# [[Shegaon railway station|Shegaon]]
# [[Malkapur railway station|Malkapur]]
# Nandura
# [[Bhusaval Junction railway station|Bhusaval Junction]]
# [[Manmad Junction railway station|Manmad Junction]]
# [[Ahilyanagar railway station|Ahilyanagar]]
# [[Daund Chord Line railway station|Daund Chord Line]]
# [[Pune Junction railway station|Pune Junction]]

The train earlier used to reverses direction at [[Daund Junction railway station|Daund Junction]]. Now it bypasses it by Daund Chord Line.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:280920132535Pune Nagpur Garib Rath Express at Pune Junction platform 5.jpg|Pune Nagpur Garib Rath Express at [[Pune Junction]] platform
File:12113 Garib Rath Express.jpg|12113 Garib Rath Express [[Indian Railways coaching stock|AC 3 tier]] coach
File:12113 Garib Rath Express at Nagpur.jpg|12113 Garib Rath Express at [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]]
File:Pune Nagpur Garib Rath Express at Pune Junction.jpg|Pune Nagpur Garib Rath Express at [[Pune railway station|Pune Junction]]
</gallery>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Central Railway}}
{{Garib Rath Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pune - Nagpur Garib Rath Express}}
[[Category:Garib Rath Express trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Transport in Pune]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]

Panna Airport

2026-01-31T17:40:12Z

ClairBoone: small changes

{{Short description|Airport in Panna, Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Panna Airport
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image =
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA =
| ICAO =
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh|Panna]]
| location = Panna, India
| elevation-f = 1394
| elevation-m =
| coordinates = {{Coord|24.7180|80.1818|display=title}}
| website =
| metric-elev =
| metric-rwy =
| r1-number = 17/35
| r1-length-f = 5000
| r1-length-m =
| r1-surface = Unpaved
| r2-number =
| r2-length-f =
| r2-length-m =
| r2-surface =
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Panna Airport''' is an airport that serves the town of [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh]], India. Spread over 106 [[acres]], it is maintained by the [[Airports Authority of India]].<ref name=aai>{{cite web|title=Airports Authority of India: Panna|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/panna.jsp|access-date=5 February 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225073359/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/panna.jsp|archive-date=25 February 2008}}</ref>

The airport is listed as "non-operational",<ref name=tt06>{{cite news|title=A strip steeped in battle history|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060718/asp/ranchi/story_6492101.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213636/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060718/asp/ranchi/story_6492101.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2014|access-date=5 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|date=18 July 2006}}</ref> part of a list of 32 such airports submitted by the then [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation Minister]] [[Praful Patel]] to the [[Lok Sabha]] in 2009,<ref name=loksabha>{{cite news|title=Unused Airports in India|url=http://indiaaviation.aero/news/airline/32098/59/Unused-Airports-in-India|access-date=5 February 2012|newspaper=Center for Asia Pacific Aviation|date=27 November 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208143550/http://indiaaviation.aero/news/airline/32098/59/Unused-Airports-in-India|archive-date=8 December 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> though the [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]], [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] had spoken of privatising the airport in 2007.<ref name=th07>{{cite news|title=Mangoes from M.P. to lure American buyers|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/17/stories/2007051708170300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708025236/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/17/stories/2007051708170300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 July 2007|access-date=5 February 2012|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 May 2007}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Airports in India}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Airports in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Panna, Madhya Pradesh|Airport]]
[[Category:Airports with year of establishment missing]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

{{India-airport-stub}}

Parambrata Chatterjee filmography

2026-01-27T08:42:18Z

ClairBoone: Enhanced content and organization

{{Short description|Indian film actor, director, producer, and television personality}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Parambrata Chatterjee photo.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Chatterjee in 2012]]
'''[[Parambrata Chatterjee]]''' is an Indian actor, director, producer, and television personality.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452132.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526010153/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080624/jsp/entertainment/story_9452132.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2011 |title=Parambrata |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=12 November 2008 |location=Calcutta, India |date=24 June 2008}}</ref> He has a significant following in [[West Bengal]], India. [[Parambrata]] started his career with [[Bengali language|Bengali]] television and films. He made his Hindi debut in ''[[Kahaani]]'' (2012), starring [[Vidya Balan]]. He had earlier acted in ''[[Bhalo Theko]]'' (2003), [[Vidya Balan]]'s debut film.<ref>{{cite news|last=Nivas|first=Namita|title=I'm not thinking of future in Bollywood: Parambrata Chatterjee |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/im-not-thinking-of-future-in-bollywood-parambrata-chatterjee/927457 |newspaper=The Indian Express|date=23 March 2012}}</ref> Seven months after the success of ''[[Kahaani]]'', he was signed by [[Jeffrey D. Brown]] (who had won an [[Academy Award]] for his debut short film in 1986) for his film [[Sold (2014 film)|''Sold'']].<ref>{{cite news |last=K Jha |first=Subhas |date=18 September 2012 |title=Parambrata headed for Hollywood |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Parambrata-headed-for-Hollywood/articleshow/16445610.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060333/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-18/news-interviews/33924668_1_bengali-actor-parambrata-chatterjee-hindi-film-kahaani |archive-date=21 September 2013 |access-date=7 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |agency=[[Mumbai Mirror]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nag |first=Kushali |date=5 January 2008 |title=Three boys & a babe |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080205/jsp/entertainment/story_8862665.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526010231/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080205/jsp/entertainment/story_8862665.jsp |archive-date=26 May 2011 |access-date=12 November 2008 |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>

He has a good knowledge of world music and has sung for some Bengali films like ''[[Chaya Manush]]'' and ''[[Samantaral]]''. He has acted in many television series, tele-films, short films and features. He has produced/directed several films/web series. [[Parambrata]] made his directorial debut with the feature film [[Jiyo Kaka|''Jiyo Kaka'']], starring [[Rituparna Sengupta]] and [[Rudranil Ghosh]]. His second directorial venture was ''[[Hawa Bodol]]''.

==As director and co-producer==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role!! Director !! Co-producer !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|''Premer Galpo''
|
| Yes
| No
|Telefilm
|-
|''Sarate Prem''
|
| Yes
| No
|Telefilm
|-
|2007
|''QSQT Policer Duty''
|
| Yes
| No
|Telefilm
|-
|2011
|''[[Jiyo Kaka]]''
|
| Yes
| No
|
|-
|2013
| ''[[Hawa Bodol]]''
|Jeet
| Yes
| Yes
|
|-
|2015
| ''[[Lorai: Play to Live]]''
| Naxalite leader Manas (special appearance)
| Yes
| No
|
|-
|2017
|''[[Feluda|Feluda (2017)]]''<ref name="Feluda Web Series">{{Cite web|url=https://www.addatimes.com/show/feluda|title=Watch Feluda - Popular Bengali Detective Movies | Web Series | Addatimes|website=addatimes.com|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=27 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127152926/https://www.addatimes.com/show/feluda|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sholoanabangaliana.in">{{Cite web|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2017/09/18/parambrata-chatterjee-as-feluda-in-web-series-feluda-new-feluda-for-the-new-age-audience/|title=sholoanabangaliana.in|website=sholoanabangaliana.in|date=25 December 2022|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915012514/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2017/09/18/parambrata-chatterjee-as-feluda-in-web-series-feluda-new-feluda-for-the-new-age-audience/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Feluda|Pradosh Chandra Mitra (Feluda)]]
| Yes
| Yes
|TV & Web Series
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|''[[Shonar Pahar]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/tanuja-is-all-set-to-work-with-parambrata-chatterjees-upcoming-film-sonar-paha-229401|title=পরমের হাত ধরে টালিগঞ্জে আবার তনুজা|first=সৌজন্যে: আনন্দবাজার|last=পত্রিকা|date=11 July 2016|website=bengali.abplive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/entertainment/cinema/tanuja-is-all-set-to-work-with-parambrata-chatterjees-upcoming-film-sonar-pahar/articleshow/61162213.cms|title=সৌমিত্রকে 'পুলু' ডাকেন, উত্তম ছিলেন 'ভালো বন্ধু'|website=Ei Samay}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2017/10/21/arunima-ghosh-to-work-in-a-film-directed-by-parambrata-chatterjee/|title=sholoanabangaliana.in|website=sholoanabangaliana.in|date=25 December 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/anandaplus/an-exclusive-interview-with-tanuja-1.698331|title=কার সঙ্গে কতটা মিশব, সেই সীমারেখাটা আমিই টানি|first=মধুমন্তী পৈত|last=চৌধুরী|website=anandabazar.com}}</ref>
|Rajdeep
| Yes
| No
|
|-
|''Shesh Theke Shuru''
|
| No
| Yes
| Story Writer
|-
|''Mafia''
|
| No
| Yes
| Web Series
|-
|''Kaali''
|
| No
| Yes
| Web Series-Season 1,2
|-
|2019
|''Sharate Aaj''
| Mahbub
| No
| Yes
| Story, Screenplay, Dialogues
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020
|''[[Tiki-Taka (film)|Tiki-Taka]]''
| Raju, Taxi driver
| Yes
| Yes
|
|-
|''[[Damayanti (web series)|Damayanti]]''
|
| No
| Yes
| Web Series
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|''Nokol Heere''
|
| No
| Yes
| Web Series
|-
|''[[Tangra Blues]]''
| Sanjib Mondal
| No
| Yes
|
|-
|''[[Bony (film)|Bony]]''
|Sabyasachi Mukherjee
| Yes
| No
|
|-
|''[[F.I.R No. 339/07/06]]''
|
| No
| Yes
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|''[[Abhijaan (2022 film)|Abhijaan]]''
|Dr. Sanjoy Sen
| Yes
| Yes
|
|-
|''Boudi Canteen''
|Sourish
| Yes
| Yes
|
|-
|''[[Shohorer Ushnotomo Din E]]''
|
| No
| Yes
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Biye Bibhrat]]''
|
| No
| Yes
|
|-
|2025
|''Ei Raat Tomar Aamar''
|
| Yes
| No
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Bhog (film)]]''
|
| Yes
| No
|
|}

==Acting credits ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
|-
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"!style="background:#FFFFCC;"|
|Denotes films that have not yet been released
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Movies
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role!! Notes
|-
|2002
|''[[Hemanter Pakhi]]''
|Babai
|[[National Film Award]] for Best Feature Film in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]]
|-
| rowspan="5" |2003
| ''[[Bombaiyer Bombete (film)|Bombaiyer Bombete]]''
| [[Feluda#Other characters|Topshe]]
|
|-
|''Sheshkritya''
|Shankho
|Telefilm ([[ETV Bangla]])
|-
| ''[[Bhalo Theko]]''
|Deep
|
|-
| ''Shortcut Prem''
|Ratan
|Telefilm ([[ETV Bangla]])
|-
|''Ektu Bhalobashar Jonno''
|
|Telefilm
|-
| rowspan="1" |2004
| ''Swapna Sundari''
|Sayantan (Santu)
|Telefilm ([[ETV Bangla]])
|-
| rowspan="4" |2005
| ''[[Shubhodrishti (2005 film)|Shubhodrishti]]''
|Romen
|
|-
| ''[[Nishijapon]]''
| Shyamal
|
|-
|''[[Ekdin Pratidin]]''
|Unknown
|Television series ([[Zee Bangla]])
|-
|''Ekchhut''
|Unknown
|Telefilm
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
| ''Ankush''
| Rahul Mukherjee
|Telefilm (Nominated for Best Telefilm in [[Anandalok Puraskar|Anandalok Puraskar 2007]])
|-
| ''[[The Bong Connection]]''
| Apu
|
|-
| ''[[Dosar]]''
|Bobby
|
|-
| ''[[Aamra]]''
| Raj
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |2007
| ''[[Kailashey Kelenkari (film)|Kailashey Kelenkari]]''
| [[Feluda#Other characters|Topshe]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071220/jsp/entertainment/story_8687118.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526010301/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071220/jsp/entertainment/story_8687118.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 May 2011 |title=The return of the sleuth |publisher=www.telegraphindia.com |access-date=12 November 2008 |last=Nag |first=Kushali |location=Calcutta, India |date=3 September 2008}}</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2008
| ''[[10:10 (film)|10:10]]''
| Himself
|Guest appearance
|-
|''[[Chalo Let's Go]]''
| Sanjay
|
|-
| ''[[Tintorettor Jishu (film)|Tintorettor Jishu]]''
| [[Feluda#Other characters|Topshe]]
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2009
| ''[[Brake Fail]]''
|Sidhu
|
|-
| ''[[Ek Bar Bolo Uttam Kumar]]''
|Kyabla
|
|-
| ''Box Number 1313''
|Joy
|
|-
| ''[[Kaalbela]]''
|Animesh
|
|-
| ''Kaler Rakhal''
| Shubal
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| ''[[Thana Theke Aschi]]''
|Arin
|
|-
| ''[[033]]''
|Som
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
| ''[[Jaani Dyakha Hawbe]]''
|Megh
|
|-
| ''[[Baishe Srabon]]''
| Abhijeet
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2012
| ''[[Bhooter Bhabishyat]]''
| Ayan Sengupta
|
|-
| ''[[Kahaani]]''
| Satyaki Sinha (Rana)
| [[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film
|-
| ''[[Hemlock Society (film)|Hemlock Society]]''
| Ananda Kar
|
|-
| ''[[Ekla Akash]]''
|Arijit
|
|-
| ''[[Balukabela.com|Balukabela.Com]]''
| Akash
|
|-
| ''[[Teen Yaari Katha]]''
| Antu
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
| ''[[Basanta Utsav (film)|Basanta Utsav]]''
|PhD Student
|
|-
| ''[[Maach Mishti & More]]''
| Ronnie
|
|-
| ''[[Proloy (2013 film)|Proloy]]''
| [[Barun Biswas]]
|
|-
| ''[[Apur Panchali]]''
|[[Subir Banerjee]]
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2014
| ''[[Obhishopto Nighty]]''
| Aparesh Lahiri
|
|-
| ''[[Chaya Manush]]''
|Rahul
|
|-
| ''[[Gang of Ghosts]]''
|Director
|[[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film
|-
| ''[[Balyakalasakhi (2014 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]''
|
| [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language
|-
| ''[[Sold (2014 film)|Sold]]''
|Vikram
|[[Hollywood (film industry)|English]]-language film
|-
| ''[[Highway (2014 Bengali film)|Highway]]''
|Ashmin Kapoor
|
|-
| ''Hercules''
|Horokailash (Haru)
|
|-
| ''[[Chotushkone]]''
|Joyobroto (Joy)
|
|-
|rowspan="4"|2015
|''[[Yaara Silly Silly]]''
|Soumitro Roy/Sammy
|[[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film
|-
|''Glamour''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2015/01/22/audio-music-album-of-upcoming-bengali-film-glamour-starring-parambrata-chatterjee-and-parno-mitra-launched/|title=sholoanabangaliana.in|website=sholoanabangaliana.in|date=25 December 2022|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=7 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807150937/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2015/01/22/audio-music-album-of-upcoming-bengali-film-glamour-starring-parambrata-chatterjee-and-parno-mitra-launched/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|Aryan
|
|-
|''Roga Howar Sohoj Upaye''
|Joy
|
|-
| ''[[Kadambari (2015 film)|Kadambari]]''
| [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2016
| ''[[Bastu Shaap (film)|Bastu Shaap]]''
| Kushal Mukherjee
|
|-
| ''[[Cinemawala]]''
| Prakash Das
|
|-
| ''[[Traffic (2014 film)|Traffic]]''
|Abel
|[[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language
|-
| ''[[Hemanta (film)|Hemanta]]''
| Hemanta Sen
|
|-
| ''[[Zulfiqar (film)|Zulfiqar]]''
| Tony Braganza
|
|-
| ''Chocolate''
|Rana
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017||''Mi Amor''
|
|
|-
|''[[Bhuban Majhi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/entertainment-interview/‘অভিষেক-শব্দটিতে-আমার-আপত্তি-আছে’|title='অভিষেক শব্দটিতে আমার আপত্তি আছে'|first=নিজস্ব|last=প্রতিবেদক|website=Prothomalo|date=3 March 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/film/bhuban-majhi-the-making-198547|title=Bhuban Majhi in the making|date=2016-01-08|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}</ref>''
|Nahir<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ntvbd.com/entertainment/35696/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4|title=মুক্তিযুদ্ধের 'ভুবন মাঝি' ছবিতে পরমব্রত|work=NTV Online|access-date=2017-03-04}}</ref>
|| Bangladeshi film
|-
|''Mandobasar Golpo<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2016/05/04/director-tathagata-banerjee-starts-shooting-for-his-next-mondobasar-golpo-a-psychological-love-story-starring-parambrata-and-paoli/|title=sholoanabangaliana.in|website=sholoanabangaliana.in|date=25 December 2022|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=15 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915031216/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2016/05/04/director-tathagata-banerjee-starts-shooting-for-his-next-mondobasar-golpo-a-psychological-love-story-starring-parambrata-and-paoli/|url-status=dead}}</ref>''
|Dr. Sayantan Chowdhury (Psychiatrist)
|
|-
| ''[[Jawker Dhan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2017/04/16/teaser-of-upcoming-adventure-film-jawker-dhan-released-parambrata-chatterjee-graces-occasion/|title=sholoanabangaliana.in|website=sholoanabangaliana.in|date=25 December 2022|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084012/http://sholoanabangaliana.in/2017/04/16/teaser-of-upcoming-adventure-film-jawker-dhan-released-parambrata-chatterjee-graces-occasion/|url-status=dead}}</ref>''
| Bimal
|
|-
|''[[Voyongkor Sundor]]''
|Muku
|[[Cinema of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi]] film
|-
|''[[Anukul]]''
|[[Anukul]]
|[[Hindi]]-language short film
|-
| ''[[Samantaral]]''
|Sujan
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2018
|''[[Pari (2018 Indian film)|Pari]]''
|Arnab
|[[Bollywood|Hindi]]-language film
|-
|''[[Shonibar Bikel]] [[Saturday Afternoon]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=37305&boxid=151736742 |title=Details |website=www.epaper.eisamay.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224022/http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=37305&boxid=151736742 |archive-date=2018-01-11}}</ref>''
|
|[[Indo-Bangla joint production|Indo-Bangladesh-German]] film
|-
|''[[Reunion (2018 film)|Reunion]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.anandabazar.com/|title=Anandabazar Patrika | Read Latest Bengali News, বাংলা সংবাদ, বাংলা খবর from West Bengal's Leading epaper|website=epaper.anandabazar.com}}</ref>''
|
|
|-
|''Homeland''
|
|Indian-French Film (Released on Netflix)
|-
| rowspan="5" |2019
|''[[Shahjahan Regency]]<ref name="cast reveal">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-cast-of-srijit-mukherji-s-shah-jahan-regency-revealed-241823|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703100457/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/the-cast-of-srijit-mukherji-s-shah-jahan-regency-revealed-241823|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 July 2018|title=The cast of Srijit Mukherji's Shah Jahan Regency revealed |last=Chatterjee|first=Arindam|newspaper=The Telegraph |date= 3 July 2018 | access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref>''
|
|
|-
|''[[Password (2019 Indian film)|Password]]''
| Ismailov
|
|-
|''[[Shonibar Bikel]]''
|Polash
|Bangladeshi-German-Russian Film
|-
|''[[Satyanweshi Byomkesh]]''
|[[Byomkesh Bakshi]]
|
|-
|''[[Sagardwipey Jawker Dhan]]''
| Bimal
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |2020
|''[[Sraboner Dhara]]''
|Dr. Neelabha Roy
|
|-
|''[[Dwitiyo Purush (film)|Dwitiyo Purush]]''
|Abhijeet
|
|-
|''[[Bulbbul]]''
|Dr. Sudip
|Netflix Original Release
|-
|''Holud Boni''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/এবার-তিশার-নায়ক-পরমব্রত|title=এবার তিশার নায়ক পরমব্রত|first=নিজস্ব|last=প্রতিবেদক|website=Prothomalo}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=30210&boxid=161822109 |title=Details |website=www.epaper.eisamay.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312182918/http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=30210&boxid=161822109 |archive-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>
|Palash
|
|-
|''Balley Troupe''
|
|
|-
|''Senapati''
|
|
|-
|''[[Tiki-Taka (film)|Tiki-Taka]]''
| Raju
|
|-
|''[[Switzerland (2020 film)|Switzerland]]''
|
| Special appearance
|-
| rowspan="4" |2021
|''[[Ramprasad Ki Tehrvi]]''
|Nishikant aka Neetu / Young Bauji
|Hindi-language film
|-
|''[[Tangra Blues]]'' || Sanjib Mondal
|
|-
|''[[Bony (film)|Bony]]''
|Sabyasachi Mukherjee
|
|-
|''[[Antardhaan (2020 film)|Antardhaan]]''
| Anirban
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2022
|''[[Kaun Pravin Tambe?]]''
| Rajat Sanyal
| Hindi-language film
|-
|''[[Abhijaan (2022 film)|Abhijaan]]''
|Dr. Sanjoy Sen
|
|-
|''[[Habji Gabji]]''
|Aditya Basu
|
|-
|''Ajker Shortcut''
|
|
|-
|''Boudi Canteen''
|Sourish
|
|-
|''Jotugriho''
|
|
|-
|''Mahisasuramarddini''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2023
|''[[Manobjomin]]''
|
|
|-
| ''Doctor Bakshi''
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/arindam-sils-next-mahananda-to-release-on-april-8/articleshow/90226343.cms |title='Doctor Bakshi' trailer promises a nail-biting medical thriller |date=14 December 2022 |access-date=14 December 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ghore Pherar Gaan]]''
|Imran
|
|-
|[[Shibpur (film)|''Shibpur'']]
|Sultan Ahmed
|
|-
|''[[Biye Bibhrat]]''
|Chandromouli Hazra
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Ajob Karkhana]]''
|Rockstar Rajib
|Bangladeshi film
|-
| rowspan="9" |2025
|''[[Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei]]''
|Satya
|
|-
|''[[Ei Raat Tomar Amaar]]''
|Joy
|-
|''[[Killbill Society]]''
| Mrityunjoy Kar
|
|-
|''[[Shreeman v/s Shreemati]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Putulnacher Itikatha (film)|Putulnacher Itikatha]]''
|
|
|-
|''[[Sonar Kellay Jawker Dhan]]''
|
|
|-
|''Asukh Bisukh''
|
|
|-
|''Abar Hawa Bodol''
|
|
|-
|''[[Dhumketu (2025 film)|Dhumketu]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |TBA
|''Headline''
|
|
|-
|''Notary''
|
| rowspan="2" | Hindi-language film
|-
|''[[Chakda 'Xpress|Chakda X'press]]''
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director(s)
!Role
!Platform
|-
|2017
|''[[Feluda]]''
|Himself
|[[Feluda|Pradosh Chandra Mitra (Feluda)]]
|Bioscope, Addatimes
|-
|2019
|''Sharate Aaj''
|Aritra Sen, [[Parambrata Chatterjee]]
|Mahbub Ehsaan
|[[ZEE5]]
|-
|2020
|''[[Case Jaundice]]''
|[[Subhankar Chattopadhyay]]
|Mr. Sen
|Hoichoi
|-
|2020
|''[[Black Widows (web series)|Black Widows]]''
|[[Birsa Dasgupta]]
|Pankaj Mishra
|[[ZEE5]]

|-
|2021
|''[[Aranyak (series)|Aranyak]]''
|Vinay Waikul
|Angad
|[[Netflix]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Mithya (web series)|Mithya]]''
|[[Rohan Sippy]]
|Neil Adhikari
|[[ZEE5]]
|-
|''Jugaadistan''
|Divya Rao
|Bijoy Das
|[[Lionsgate Play]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Jehanabad - Of Love & War]]''
|Rajeev Barnwal
|Deepak Kumar
|[[SonyLIV]]
|-
|''[[Shabash Feluda]]''
|[[Arindam Sil]]
|[[Feluda|Pradosh Chandra Mitra (Feluda)]]
|ZEE5
|-
|''[[P I Meena]]''
|[[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
|Subho
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2025
|''[[Khakee: The Bengal Chapter]]''
|Debatma Mondal and Tushar Kanti Ray
|IPS Saptarshi Sinha
|[[Netflix]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1913625|Parambrata Chatterjee filmography}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatterjee, Parambrata}}
[[Category:Indian filmographies]]
[[Category:Male actor filmographies]]

Ishu Patel

2026-01-20T01:39:37Z

ClairBoone: Article updated with improved flow

{{Short description|Indian-Canadian film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}

'''Ishu Patel''' is an Indian-Canadian animation film director/producer and educator. During his twenty-five years at the [[National Film Board of Canada]] he developed animation techniques and styles to support his themes and vision. Since then he has produced animated spots for television and has been teaching internationally.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nfb.ca/animation/objanim/en/filmmakers/Ishu-Patel/overview.php |title=National Film Board Key Filmmakers: Ishu Patel |publisher=National Film Board |accessdate=2006-08-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814025523/http://www.nfb.ca/animation/objanim/en/filmmakers/Ishu-Patel/overview.php |archivedate=14 August 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/1999/99.11.01.html |title=Academy to Celebrate National Film Board of Canada Anniversary |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |date=1 November 1999 |accessdate=2006-08-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051118214125/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/1999/99.11.01.html |archivedate=18 November 2005 }}</ref>

==Background and Studies==
Ishu Patel was born on 20 April 1942, in the State of [[Gujarat]], India.

He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts from M.S.University of Baroda, Gujarat, following which he was accepted into the first cohort of faculty trainees hired at the newly formed [[National Institute of Design]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]].

This was an exceptional design school created by the [[Government of India]] under the auspice of the influential industrialist family of [[Gautam Sarabhai|Gautam]] and [[Gira Sarabhai]]. The school was based upon the recommendations and philosophy of the American industrial designers [[Ray and Charles Eames]], as found in [[The India Report]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ishupatel.com/PHOTOGRAPHY/My-Time-with-Henri-Cartier-Bresson/1/caption|title=Ishu Patel Animation & Photography | My-Time-with-Henri-Cartier-Bresson | 1|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-date=21 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221185223/https://www.ishupatel.com/PHOTOGRAPHY/My-Time-with-Henri-Cartier-Bresson/1/caption|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Through a [[Ford Foundation]] Grant provided to the [[National Institute of Design]], Ishu Patel was able to finish his post graduate studies in Graphic Design under Armin Hoffman at the Allgemeine Gewerbeschule in [[Basel]], Switzerland, and returned to the [[National Institute of Design]] where he taught and became Head of Visual Communications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ishupatel.com/ABOUT/1/caption|title=Ishu Patel Animation & Photography | ABOUT | 1|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-date=21 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221185223/https://www.ishupatel.com/ABOUT/1/caption|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Career==
A [[Rockefeller Foundation]] Scholarship brought Ishu Patel to the [[National Film Board of Canada]] to study animation filmmaking for a year, and in 1972 he joined the NFB where, for the next twenty-five years under the NFB mandate Ishu Patel produced and directed animated films and mentored young animation filmmakers.

There he both adapted and originated several notable techniques:
in the abstract film ''Perspectrum'' he adapted the Norman McLaren technique of multiple passes and variable exposures; the films ''Afterlife'' and ''Top Priority'' were the result of accidentally discovering, and then developing, the under-lit plasticine technique; for the film ''Paradise'' he developed the under-lit pin hole technique with multiple passes; and for ''The Bead Game'' he created the procedures for moving thousands of tiny beads under an ever-zooming-outward camera.

He co-produced animation projects with [[NHK]] of Japan and [[Channel Four]] of [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and contributed French language segments to [[Sesame Street]] for the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]].

His many international awards include the [[British Academy Award]], two Oscar nominations, the Silver Bear Award at the [[Berlin Film Festival]], Grand Prix at the [[Annecy International Animation Film Festival]], and Grand Prix at the [[Montreal World Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite news | first=Marc | last=Glassman | url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JSF/is_16_6/ai_30214756/print | title=United Nations of animation - National Film Board of Canada | publisher=Take One| date=Summer 1997 | accessdate=2006-08-20}}</ref> He is particularly known for his 1977 film ''Bead Game'' which was nominated for an Academy Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nfb.ca/portraits/hommage/drouin/html/en/portesouvertes_03/patel_01.html |title=National Film Board Corridors Open House - Ishu Patel Bead Game |publisher=National Film Board |accessdate=2006-08-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515054254/http://www.nfb.ca/portraits/hommage/drouin/html/en/portesouvertes_03/patel_01.html |archivedate=15 May 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Linda | last=Simensky | authorlink= Linda Simensky | url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0JSF/is_16_6/ai_30214833/print | title=O Canada: - Canadian animators | publisher=Take One| date= Summer 1997 | accessdate=2006-08-20}}</ref>

==Teaching and Master Classes==
Through the [[National Film Board of Canada]] Outreach Program Ishu Patel conducted animation workshops with Inuit artists of [[Cape Dorset]], with healthcare fieldworkers in [[Ghana]], and with students in the former [[Yugoslavia]], [[Korea]], Japan and the United States. During those years he returned regularly to Ahmedabad, India where he often taught his approaches and techniques to the animation students at his alma mater the [[National Institute of Design]], and contributed some assistance in formulating the animation program.

After leaving the NFBC he conducted student workshops and Master Classes throughout Asia, mentoring young faculty and developing curricula. He has conducted Master Classes at [[Bezalel Academy of Art and Design]], Jerusalem, and the Animation Image Society of Toronto, at the School of Animation, [[Communication University of China]], Beijing, and at the School of Animation, Southwest University of Nationalities, Chengdu, China. Ishu Patel was Special Guest and conducted screenings and a Master Class at the 7th. Big Cartoon Festival in Moscow, Russia, November 2014. He was Visiting Professor at the School of Art, Design and Media, [[Nanyang Technological University]], Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/ntulibraries/docs/admrls1314|title=ADM Research Lecture Series - 2013/2014 by NTU Libraries - Issuu|access-date=11 October 2018|archive-date=21 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221185222/https://issuu.com/ntulibraries/docs/admrls1314|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Filmography==
* ''Moondust''
* ''Divine Fate''
* ''[[Paradise (1984 film)|Paradise]] (Paradis)''<ref name="cartoonresearch.com34">{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/cartoons-considered-for-an-academy-award-1984/|title=Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1984 -|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Top Priority (film)|Top Priority]]''
* ''[[Afterlife (1978 film)|Afterlife]]'' <ref name="cartoonresearch.com31">{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/cartoons-considered-for-an-academy-award-1978/|title=Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1978 -|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>
* ''[[Bead Game]]'' <ref name="cartoonresearch.com21">{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/cartoons-considered-for-an-academy-award-1977/|title=Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award – 1977 -|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref>
* ''Perspectrum'' <ref name="cartoonresearch.com30">{{cite web|url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/cartoons-considered-for-an-academy-award-1975/|title=Cartoons Considered For An Academy Award 1975 -|website=cartoonresearch.com}}</ref><ref>[http://oddballfilms.blogspot.com/2016/11/strange-sinema-106-computeresque.html Oddball Films: Strange Sinema 106 - Computeresque: Experiments With Light + Technology - Thur. Nov. 17th - 8PM]</ref>
* ''[[How Death Came to Earth]]''

==Awards==
''Moondust:''
*2009: AWARD OF EXCELLENCE - ANIMATION, ''50th Annual Illustration Exhibition'', New York, USA

''Divine Fate:''
* 1995: UNICEF PRIZE, ''Ottawa International Animation Film Festival'', Ottawa, CANADA
* 1995: SILVER MEDAL - ECOLOGY, ''Medikinale International Film Festival'', Parma, ITALY
* 1994: SPECIAL DISTINCTION FOR ITS MESSAGE, ''Annecy International Animation Film Festival'', Annecy, FRANCE

''Paradise/Paradis:''
*1985: OSCAR NOMINATION FOR BEST ANIMATED SHORT, ''57th Annual Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences'', Hollywood, California, USA <ref name="cartoonresearch.com34"/>
*1985: SILVER BEAR AWARD, ''35th Berlin Film Festival'', Berlin, GERMANY
*1985: SPECIAL JURY AWARD, ''25th International Animation Film Festival'', Annecy, FRANCE
*1985: FIRST PRIZE FOR THEATRICAL SHORT, ''Melbourne Film Festival'', Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
*1985: SPECIAL AWARD BEST FILM FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, ''23rd International Film Festival for Children and Young People'', Gijon, SPAIN
*1985: FIRST PRIZE, ''1st Los Angeles International Animation Celebration'', Los Angeles, USA

''Top Priority:''
*1983: BLUE RIBBON HUMAN CONCERN AWARD, ''25th American Film Festival'', New York, New York, USA
*1982: BEST SHORT FILM, ''XXIV Seaman International De Cinema'', Barcelona, SPAIN
*1982: SPECIAL RECOGNITION OF MERIT, ''Los Angeles Film Exposition Filmex'', Los Angeles, USA

''Afterlife:''
*1979: GRAND-PRIX, ''12th International Animation Film Festival'', Annecy, FRANCE
*1979: OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT AWARD, ''London Film Festival'', London, ENGLAND
*1979: SPECIAL HONOUR, ''Los Angeles International Film Exposition Filmex'', Los Angeles, USA
*1978: GRAND PRIX DE MONTREAL, ''Festival des Films du Monde'', categorie court metrage, Montreal, CANADA
*1978: SILVER HUGO, ''14th International Film Festival'', Chicago, USA
*1978: ETROG AWARD: BEST ANIMATED FILM, ''Canadian Film Awards'', Toronto, CANADA

''Bead Game''
*1978: OSCAR NOMINATION FOR BEST ANIMATED SHORT, ''50th Annual Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences'', Hollywood, California, USA <ref name="cartoonresearch.com21"/>
*1978: BEST SHORT FICTIONAL FILM, ''British Academy of Film and Television Arts'', London, ENGLAND
*1978: GOLD MEDAL, SPECIAL JURY AWARD, ''Greater Miami International Film Festival'', Miami, USA
*1978: AWARD OF EXCELLENCE, ''Film Advisory Board Inc.'', Los Angeles, USA
*1978: BLUE RIBBON AWARD - VISUAL ESSAY, ''20th Annual American Film Festival'', New York, USA
*1978: BEST OF CATEGORY - FILM AS ART, ''Pacific Association for Communication and Technology Film Festival'', Honolulu, USA
*1977: SPECIAL PRIZE FOR ANIMATION, ''International Documentary and Short Film Festival for Cinema and Television'', Leipzig, GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ishupatel.com/ANIMATION/Awards-&-Juryships/1/caption|title=Ishu Patel Animation & Photography | Awards-&-Juryships | 1}}</ref>

==Juryships==
*2015: International Jury President - Animation, ''18th Shanghai International Film Festival'', Shanghai, CHINA
*2014: International Jury Member, ''SICAF (Seoul International Cartoon & Animation Festival)'', Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
*2013: International Jury Member, ''AniWow Student Animation Film Festival'', Beijing, CHINA
*2009: Chairperson, International Jury, ''Etiuda & Anima International Film Festival'', Kracow, POLAND
*1997: International Jury Member, ''SICAF (Seoul International Cartoon and Animation Festival)'', Seoul, SOUTH KOREA
*1995: International Jury Member, ''Film and Video Festival on Science, Society and Development'', Trivandrum, INDIA
*1990: International Jury Member, ''Bombay International Film Festival for Documentary Short and Animated Films'', Mumbai, INDIA
*1987: Chairperson, International Jury, ''Zagreb International Animation Film Festival'', Zagreb, CROATIA
*1985: International Jury Member, ''1st International Animation Film Festival HIROSHIMA '85'', Hiroshima, JAPAN
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ishupatel.com/ANIMATION/Awards-&-Juryships/1/caption|title=Ishu Patel Animation & Photography | Awards-&-Juryships | 1}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Herdeg, Walter (ed). ''Film & TV Graphics 2: An International Survey of the Art of Film Animation''. Zurich, Switzerland: The Graphis Press, 1976: 139-141. Print.
*Bonneville, Leo (ed). ''Sequences: Animation at the National Film Board, Volume 23, Num 91, October 1978''. Montreal, Canada:NFBC, 1978: 129-145. Print.
*Laybourne, Kit. ''The Animation Book''. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1979: 52, 247 and plates. Print.
*Halas, John. ''Masters of Animation''. Salem House Pub, 1987: 68. Print.
*Bendazzi, Giannalberto. ''Cartoons: One Hundred Years of Cinema Animation''. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1996: 270-271. Print.
*Wiedemann, Julius (ed.) ''Animation Now!'' Los Angeles: Taschen, 2004: 200-209. Print.
*Editions Glenat (ed.) ''Createurs & Creatures - 50 years of the Annecy International Animation Film Festival''. France: CITIA, Editions Glenat, 8 June 2010: 160-165. Print.

==External links==
*[http://ishupatel.com/ Official Web Site]
*{{IMDb name | id=0665373| name=Ishu Patel}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Ishu}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian animators]]
[[Category:Indian animated film directors]]
[[Category:Canadian animated film directors]]
[[Category:Indian animated film producers]]
[[Category:Canadian animated film producers]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]
[[Category:BAFTA winners (people)]]
[[Category:National Film Board of Canada people]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Canada]]
[[Category:Directors of Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners for Best Animated Short]]
[[Category:Animation educators]]
[[Category:Canadian film educators]]
[[Category:Indian film educators]]
[[Category:Gujarati people]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Gujarati descent]]

Ṭa

2026-01-10T22:30:02Z

ClairBoone: starting page.

{{short description|Letter "Ṭa" in Indic scripts}}

{{Infobox Indic letter |letname = Ṭa
|bengcp = 099F |bengimg = Bengali Letter Tta.svg
|tibtcp = 0F4A
|tamlcp = 0B9F |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-டட.svg
|thaicp = 0E0E
|mlymcp = 0D1F
|sinhcp = 0DA7
|brahcp = 1101D |ashokaimg = Brahmi tt.svg
|devacp = 091F |devaimg = Devanagari ट.svg
| hbchar = ט
| grchar = Θ
| lachar =
| cychar = Ѳ
|ipa = ʈ |iast = ṭa |iscii = BD
|ipa2 = ɗ |ipa2note = for initial value in [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
|ipa3 = t |ipa3note = for final value in [[Khmer language|Khmer]]
}}

'''Ṭa''' is a consonant of [[Indic abugidas]]. It is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta ashoka tt.svg|13px]]. As with the other [[retroflex consonant]]s, ''ṭa'' is absent from most scripts not used for a language of India.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==
{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of ट are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>
*ट {{IPA|hi|ʈə|}} = 11 (११)
*टि {{IPA|hi|ʈɪ|}} = 1,100 (१ १००)
*टु {{IPA|hi|ʈʊ|}} = 110,000 (१ १० ०००)
*टृ {{IPA|hi|ʈri|}} = 11,000,000 (१ १० ०० ०००)
*टॢ {{IPA|hi|ʈlə|}} = 1,100,000,000 (१ १० ०० ०० ०००)
*टे {{IPA|hi|ʈe|}} = 11{{e|10}} (११×१०१०)
*टै {{IPA|hi|ʈɛː|}} = 11{{e|12}} (११×१०१२)
*टो {{IPA|hi|ʈoː|}} = 11{{e|14}} (११×१०१४)
*टौ {{IPA|hi|ʈɔː|}} = 11{{e|16}} (११×१०१६)

==Historic Tta==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Tta as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Tta]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad tt.svg|13px|Tta]]. The Tocharian Tta [[Image:Tocharian letter tta.gif|18px|Tta]] did not have an alternate [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. The third form of tta, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква TTА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TTA.svg|15px|Tta]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Tta===
The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Tta]], Tta, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Teth]] [[File:Teth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Greek [[Theta]]. Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Tta can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Tta historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi tt.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar tt.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka tt.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat tt.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad tt.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Tta===
The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter tta.gif|25px|Tta]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Tta]], but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form.
{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Tta with vowel marks
|-
! Tta !! Ttā !! Tti !! Ttī !! Ttu !! Ttū !! Ttr !! Ttr̄ !! Tte !! Ttai !! Tto !! Ttau !! Ttä
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter tta.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tti.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttu.gif|37px]] ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter ttai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter tto.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter ttä.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Tta===
The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква TTА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter TTA.svg|15px|Tta]] is generally accepted as being derived from the altered Aramaic [[Teth]] [[File:Teth.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[Theta]], in addition to the Brahmi Tta.

==Devanagari script==
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Ṭa''' ('''ट''') is the eleventh consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. <ref>{{cite book |last=Bahri |first=Harder |title=Hindi-Angrezi Shabdkosh |date=2004 |page=xiii}}</ref> It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad tt.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''ટ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘘.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In many languages, ट is pronounced as {{IPA|hi|ʈə|}} or {{IPAblink|ʈ}} when appropriate. In Marathi, ट is sometimes pronounced as {{IPA|mr|tə|}} or {{IPAblink|t}} in addition to {{IPA|hi|ʈə|}} or {{IPAblink|ʈ}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari ट with vowel marks
|-
! Ṭa !! Ṭā !! Ṭi !! Ṭī !! Ṭu !! Ṭū !! Ṭr !! Ṭr̄ !! Ṭl !! Ṭl̄ !! Ṭe !! Ṭai !! Ṭo !! Ṭau !! Ṭ
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ट
|टा
|टि
|टी
|टु
|टू
|टृ
|टॄ
|टॢ
|टॣ
|टे
|टै
|टो
|टौ
|ट्
|}


===Conjuncts with ट===
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. Lacking a vertical stem to drop for making a half form, Ṭa either forms a stacked conjunct/ligature, or uses its full form with [[Virama]]. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular avoiding their use where other languages would use them.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of ट====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.
* Repha र্ (r) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RTta.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RTta.svg|125px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature ṭra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtRa.svg|100px]]
* प্ (p) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature pṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PTta.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTta.svg|100px]]
* Repha र্ (r) + ष্ (ṣ) + ट্ (ṭ) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature rṣṭra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RSsTtRa.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṣṭva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTtVa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of ट====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.
* छ্ (ch) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature chṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChTta.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍʱṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhTta.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ḍṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdTta.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature dṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DTta.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ŋṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgTta.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ब (ba) gives the ligature ṭba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtBa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + भ (bha) gives the ligature ṭbha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtBha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + च (ca) gives the ligature ṭca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtCa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + छ (cha) gives the ligature ṭcha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtCha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + द (da) gives the ligature ṭda:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature ṭḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDda.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ढ (ḍʱa) gives the ligature ṭḍʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDdha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ध (dʱa) gives the ligature ṭdʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtDha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ग (ga) gives the ligature ṭga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtGa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + घ (ɡʱa) gives the ligature ṭɡʱa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtGha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ह (ha) gives the ligature ṭha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtHa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭh) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭhṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthTta.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ज (ja) gives the ligature ṭja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtJa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + झ (jha) gives the ligature ṭjha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtJha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtJNya.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + क (ka) gives the ligature ṭka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtKa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ख (kha) gives the ligature ṭkha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtKha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + क্ (k) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭkṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtKSsa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ल (la) gives the ligature ṭla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtLa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ळ (ḷa) gives the ligature ṭḷa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtLla.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + म (ma) gives the ligature ṭma:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtMa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + न (na) gives the ligature ṭna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtNa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature ṭŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtNga.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ण (ṇa) gives the ligature ṭṇa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtNna.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature ṭña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtNya.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + प (pa) gives the ligature ṭpa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtPa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + फ (pha) gives the ligature ṭpha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtPha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + स (sa) gives the ligature ṭsa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtSa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + श (ʃa) gives the ligature ṭʃa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtSha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ष (ṣa) gives the ligature ṭṣa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtSsa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + त (ta) gives the ligature ṭta:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + थ (tha) gives the ligature ṭtha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ट (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTta.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + ठ (ṭha) gives the ligature ṭṭha:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtTtha.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṭva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtVa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + य (ya) gives the ligature ṭya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtYa.svg|100px]]

==Bengali script==
The Bengali script ট is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham tt.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, ट. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter ট will sometimes be transliterated as "tto" instead of "tta". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /t̳o/.
Like all Indic consonants, ট can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ট with vowel marks
|-
! tta !! ttā !! tti !! ttī !! ttu !! ttū !! ttr !! ttr̄ !! tte !! ttai !! tto !! ttau !! tt
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ট
|টা
|টি
|টী
|টু
|টূ
|টৃ
|টৄ
|টে
|টৈ
|টো
|টৌ
|ট্
|}

===ট in Bengali-using languages===
ট is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]]. 

===Conjuncts with ট===
Bengali ট exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, and commonly shows both stacked and linear (horizontal) ligatures.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>
* ক্ (k) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature kṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ktta.svg |100px]]
* ক্ (k) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature kṭra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Kttra.svg |100px]]
* ল্ (l) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature lṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ltta.svg |100px]]
* ণ্ (ṇ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṇṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct NNtta.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature nṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntta.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature nṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Nttra.svg |100px]]
* প্ (p) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature pṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ptta.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa, with the [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] prefix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rtta.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SStta.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ṣṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SSttra.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṣṭya, with the [[ya phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SSttya.svg |100px]]
* স্ (s) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature sṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Stta.svg |100px]]
* স্ (s) + ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature sṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Sttra.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + ম (ma) gives the ligature ṭma:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTma.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + র (ra) gives the ligature ṭra, with the ra phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTra.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + ট (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTtta.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ṭva, with the [[va phala]] suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTva.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + য (ya) gives the ligature ṭya, with the ya phala suffix:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTya.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Ṭa==
[[File:Gujarati letter Tta.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Ṭa.]]
'''Ṭa''' ('''ટ''') is the eleventh consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Ṭa ट with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Tta]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ટ is pronounced as {{IPA|gu|ʈə|}} or {{IPAblink|ʈ}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:
{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Ṭa !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Ṭi !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭu !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭr !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭl !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ṭe !! style="width:5%;"| Ṭai !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭo !! style="width:6%;"| Ṭau !! style="width:7%;"| Ṭ
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Tta Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Ṭa syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with ટ===
Gujarati ટ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. While most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to create a "half form" that fits tightly to following letter, Ṭa does not have a half form. A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari. Lacking a half form, Ṭa will normally use an explicit virama when forming conjuncts without a true ligature.
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.
* ર્ (r) + ટ (ʈa) gives the ligature RṬa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RTta.svg|100px]]
* ટ્ (ʈ) + ર (ra) gives the ligature ṬRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtRa.svg|100px]]
* ટ્ (ʈ) + ટ (ʈa) gives the ligature ṬṬa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtTta.svg|100px]]
* ટ્ (ʈ) + ઠ (ʈha) gives the ligature ṬṬha:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtTtha.svg|100px]]
* ટ્ (ʈ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ṬVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtVa.svg|100px]]

== Burmese script ==
'''Ta T'lin Cheik '''(ဋ) is the eleventh letter of the [[Burmese script]].

== Thai script ==
'''Do Chada''' (ฎ) and '''To Patak''' (ฏ) are the fourteenth and fifteenth letters of the [[Thai script]]. As with [[Ta (Indic)|ta]] and [[Pa (Indic)|pa]], the Indic letter has been split into two letters to distinguish the originally preglottalised (and now voiced) sound from the voiceless sound.

[[file:Do Chada.png|thumb|50px|Do Chada]]

=== Do chada ===
''Do chada'' falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], ''do chada'' is pronounced as [d] at the beginning of a syllable and as [t̚] at the end of a syllable. The 20th letter of the alphabet, ''do dek'' (ด), is also named ''do'' and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and may use the [[Thai alphabet#Pinthu|pinthu]]''—''an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, ''chada'' (ชฎา) means 'headdress'. ''Do chada'' and ''to patak'' both correspond to the Devanagari character 'ट'.

[[file:Топатак.png|thumb|60px|To Patak]]

===To patak ===
''To patak'' falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]], ''to patak'' is pronounced as [t] at the beginning of a syllable and may not be used to close a syllable. The 21st letter of the alphabet, ''to tao'' (ต), is also named ''to'' and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and may use the [[Thai alphabet#Pinthu|pinthu]]''—''an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script,'' patak'' (ปฏัก) means '(cattle) goad'. ''Do chada'' and ''to patak'' both correspond to the Devanagari character 'ट'.

==Javanese script==
{{main|Tha (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Ṭa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Tta.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Ṭa
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Tta.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Ṭa
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Ṭa.
}}
'''Ṭa''' ('''ట''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Ṭ]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಟ'''. Since it lacks the v-shaped headstroke common to most Telugu letters, X remains unaltered by most vowel matras, and its subjoined form is simply a smaller version of the normal letter shape.
Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Ṭa==
[[File:Malayalam letter Tta.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Ṭa]]
'''Ṭa''' ('''ട''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Ṭ]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Tta.svg|x15px|Ṭa]] ''Tta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
[[File:Malayalam Tta matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Tta matras: Tta, Ttā, Tti, Ttī, Ttu, Ttū, Ttr̥, Ttr̥̄, Ttl̥, Ttl̥̄, Tte, Ttē, Ttai, Tto, Ttō, Ttau, and Tt.]]

===Conjuncts of ട===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].
* ക് (k) + ട (ṭa) gives the ligature kṭa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct KTta.svg]]
* ട് (ṭ) + ട (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct TtTta.svg]]
* ണ് (ṇ) + ട (ṭa) gives the ligature ṇṭa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct NnTta.svg]]
* ഷ് (ṣ) + ട (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct SsTta.svg]]

==Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics Te==
'''ᑌ''', '''ᑎ''', '''ᑐ''' and '''ᑕ''' are the base characters "Te", "Ti", "To" and "Ta" in the [[Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]]. The bare consonant '''ᑦ''' (T) is a small version of the A-series letter ᑕ, although the Western Cree letter ᐟ, derived from [[Pitman shorthand]] was the original bare consonant symbol for T. The character ᑌ is derived from a handwritten form of the Devanagari letter ट, without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by rotation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zui |title=Writing in North America — Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics |url=https://thelanguagecloset.com/2020/05/29/writing-in-north-america-canadian-aboriginal-syllabics/ |website=The Language Closet |access-date=2 April 2023}}</ref><ref>Andrew Dalby (2004:139) ''Dictionary of Languages''</ref>
Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer encodings, complex Canadian syllabic letters are represented in Unicode with pre-composed characters, rather than with base characters and diacritical marks.
{| class=wikitable style="align:center;"
|-
! Variant
! colspan=2 | E-series
! colspan=2 | I-series
! colspan=3 | O-series
! colspan=3 | A-series
! Other
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | T + vowel
| colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑌ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑎ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑐ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑕ}} || {{huge|ᢷ}}
|-
! colspan=2 | Te !! colspan=2 | Ti !! colspan=3 | To !! colspan=3 | Ta !! Tay
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | Small
| colspan=2 | - || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᣕ}} || colspan=3 | - || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑦ}} || {{huge|ᐟ}}
|-
! colspan=2 | - !! colspan=2 | ''Ojibway'' T !! colspan=3 | - !! colspan=3 | T !! ''Cree'' T
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | T with long vowels
| colspan=2 | - || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑏ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑑ}} || {{huge|ᑒ}}|| colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑖ}} || {{huge|ᑍ}}
|-
! colspan=2 | - !! colspan=2 | Tī !! colspan=2 | Tō !! ''Cree'' Tō !! colspan=3 | Tā !! Tāi
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | T + W-vowels
| {{huge|ᑗ}} || {{huge|ᑘ}} || {{huge|ᑙ}} ||{{huge|ᑚ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑝ}} || {{huge|ᑞ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑡ}} || {{huge|ᑢ}} || -
|-
! Twe !! ''Cree'' Twe !! Twi !! ''Cree'' Twi !! colspan=2 | Two !! ''Cree'' Two !! colspan=2 | Twa !! ''Cree'' Twa !! -
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | T + long W-vowels
| colspan=2 | - || {{huge|ᑛ}} || {{huge|ᑜ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑟ}} || {{huge|ᑠ}} || {{huge|ᑣ}} || {{huge|ᑥ}} || {{huge|ᑤ}} || -
|-
! colspan=2 | - !! Twī !! ''Cree'' Twī !! colspan=2 | Twō !! ''Cree'' Twō !! Twā !! ''Naskapi'' Twā!! ''Cree'' Twā !! -
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | Tt + vowel
| colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑧ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᑨ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑩ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᑪ}} || -
|-
! colspan=2 | Tte !! colspan=2 | Tti !! colspan=3 | Tto !! colspan=3 | Tta !!
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | Ty + vowel
| colspan=2 | {{huge|ᕰ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᕱ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᕲ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᕳ}} || -
|-
! colspan=2 | Tye !! colspan=2 | Tyi !! colspan=3 | Tyo !! colspan=3 | Tya !!
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | Tth + vowel
| colspan=2 | {{huge|ᕫ}} || colspan=2 | {{huge|ᕬ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᕭ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᕮ}} || -
|-
! colspan=2 | Tthe !! colspan=2 | Tthi !! colspan=3 | Ttho !! colspan=3 | Ttha !!
|- align="center"
! rowspan=2 | Tth other
| colspan=2 | {{huge|ᣥ}} || colspan=2 | - || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᣦ}} || colspan=3 | {{huge|ᣧ}} || -
|-
! colspan=2 | Tthwe !! colspan=2 | - !! colspan=3 | Tthoo !! colspan=3 | Tthaa !!
|}

==Odia Ṭa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Tta.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter Ṭa
| image2 = Odia subjoined Tta.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Ṭa
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Ṭa.
}}
'''Ṭa''' ('''ଟ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Ṭ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham tt.svg|x15px|Ṭa]] ''Tta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.
{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Tta with vowel matras
|-
! Tta !! Ttā !! Tti !! Ttī !! Ttu !! Ttū !! Ttr̥ !! Ttr̥̄ !! Ttl̥ !! Ttl̥̄ !! Tte !! Ttai !! Tto !! Ttau !! Tt
|-
| {{big|ଟ}} || {{big|ଟା}} || {{big|ଟି}} || {{big|ଟୀ}} || {{big|ଟୁ}} || {{big|ଟୂ}} || {{big|ଟୃ}} || {{big|ଟୄ}} || {{big|ଟୢ}} || {{big|ଟୣ}} || {{big|ଟେ}} || {{big|ଟୈ}} || {{big|ଟୋ}} || {{big|ଟୌ}} || {{big|ଟ୍}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of ଟ ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. The second type of conjunct formation is through pure ligatures, where the constituent consonants are written together in a single graphic form. This ligature may be recognizable as being a combination of two characters or it can have a conjunct ligature unrelated to its constituent characters.
* ଟ୍ (ṭ) + ଟ (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
[[File:Odia conjunct TtTta.svg]]

==Kaithi Ṭa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Kaithi Tta.svg
| alt1 = Kaithi consonant Ṭa
| footer = Kaithi consonant Ṭa.
}}

'''Ṭa''' ('''𑂗''') is a consonant of the [[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Ṭ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham tt.svg|x15px|Ṭa]] ''Tta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Kaithi consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Kaithi Tta with vowel matras
|-
! Tta !! Ttā !! Tti !! Ttī !! Ttu !! Ttū !! Tte !! Ttai !! Tto !! Ttau !! Tt
|-
| {{big|𑂗}} || {{big|𑂗𑂰}} || {{big|𑂗𑂱}} || {{big|𑂗𑂲}} || {{big|𑂗𑂳}} || {{big|𑂗𑂴}} || {{big|𑂗𑂵}} || {{big|𑂗𑂶}} || {{big|𑂗𑂷}} || {{big|𑂗𑂸}} || {{big|𑂗𑂹}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of 𑂗 ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Kaithi joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a [[half form]] of preceding consonants, although several consonants use an explicit [[virama]]. Most half forms are derived from the full form by removing the vertical stem. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, there are a few vertical conjuncts that can be found in Kaithi writing, but true ligatures are not used in the modern Kaithi script.

* 𑂩୍ (r) + 𑂗 (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa:
[[File:Kaithi conjunct RTta.svg|100px]]
==Tirhuta Ṭa==
[[File:TIRHUTA LETTER TTA.svg|thumb|right|100px|Tirhuta consonant Ṭa]]

'''Ṭa''' ('''𑒙''') is a consonant of the [[Tirhuta script|Tirhuta]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi tt.svg|13px|Ṭ]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham tt.svg|x15px|Ṭa]] ''Tta''. Like in other Indic scripts, Tirhuta consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent sylables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Tirhuta Ṭa with vowel matras
|-
! Ṭa !! Ṭā !! Ṭi !! Ṭī !! Ṭu !! Ṭū !! Ṭṛ !! Ṭṝ !! Ṭḷ !! Ṭḹ !! Ṭē !! Ṭe !! Ṭai !! Ṭō !! Ṭo !! Ṭau !! Ṭ
|-
| {{big|𑒙}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒰}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒱}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒲}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒳}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒴}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒵}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒶}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒷}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒸}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒹}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒺}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒻}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒼}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒽}}
| {{big|𑒙𑒾}}
| {{big|𑒙𑓂}}
|}

=== Conjuncts of 𑒙 ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Tirhuta joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using an explicit [[virama]]. As is common in most Indic scripts, conjuncts of ''ra'' are indicated with a ''repha'' or ''rakar'' mark attached to the rest of the consonant cluster. In addition, other consonants take unique combining forms when in conjunct with other letters, and there are several vertical conjuncts and true ligatures that can be found in Tirhuta writing.

* 𑒝୍ (ṇ) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature ṇṭa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct NnTta.svg]]
* 𑒩୍ (r) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature rṭa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct RTta.svg]]
* 𑒭୍ (ṣ) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature ṣṭa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct SsTta.svg]]
* 𑒙୍ (ṭ) + 𑒩 (ra) gives the ligature ṭra:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TtRa.svg]]
* 𑒞୍ (t) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature tṭa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TTta.svg]]
* 𑒙୍ (ṭ) + 𑒙 (ṭa) gives the ligature ṭṭa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TtTta.svg]]
* 𑒙୍ (ṭ) + 𑒚 (ṭʰa) gives the ligature ṭṭʰa:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TtTtha.svg]]
* 𑒙୍ (ṭ) + 𑒫 (va) gives the ligature ṭva:
[[file:Tirhuta conjunct TtVa.svg]]


==Comparison of Ṭa==
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including Ṭa, are related as well.
{{Indic glyph |letname = Ṭa
|devacp = 091F |devaimg = Devanagari ट.svg
|bengcp = 099F |bengimg = Bengali Letter Tta.svg
|tamlcp = 0B9F |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-டட.svg
|telucp = 0C1F
|oryacp = 0B1F
|kndacp = 0C9F
|mlymcp = 0D1F
|gujrcp = 0A9F
|gurucp = 0A1F

|brahcp = 1101D |ashokaimg = Brahmi tt.svg
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka tt.svg
|guptaimg = Gupta ashoka tt.svg
|kharcp = 10A1A |kharimg = Kharosthi tt.svg
|siddcp = 11598 |siddimg = Siddham tt.svg
|grancp = 1131F
|tibtcp = 0F4A
|zanbcp = 11A14
|newacp = 1141A
|bhkscp = 11C18
|shrdcp = 1119B
|mymrcp = 100B
|lanacp = 1A2D
|khmrcp = 178A
|thaicp = 0E0F
|thai2cp = 0E0E
|laoocp = 0E8F
|sinhcp = 0DA7
|cakmcp = 11111
|diakcp = 11916
|saurcp = A89C
|modicp = 11618
|nandcp = 119B8
|soyocp = 11A66
|sylocp = A810
|gongcp = 11D7D
|kthiimg = Kaithi Tta.svg | kthicp = 11097
|tirhcp = 11499
|takrcp = 11694
|dogrcp = 11814
|sindcp = 112C6
|mahjcp = 1115E
|multcp = 11290
|balicp = 1B1D
|javacp = A99B
|gonmcp = 11D16
|canscp = 144c
|tochimg = Tocharian letter tta.gif
|kawiimg = Aksara Kawi tta.svg
| armiimg = Teth.svg
| plavaimg = Pallava Tta.svg
| ranjimg = Ranjana tt.svg
}}

==Character encodings of Ṭa==
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter Ṭa in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. Ṭa from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]].
{{Indic encoding |= Ṭa
|devacp = 091F |devaimg = Devanagari ट.svg
|bengcp = 099F |bengimg = Bengali Letter Tta.svg
|tamlcp = 0B9F |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-டட.svg
|telucp = 0C1F
|oryacp = 0B1F
|kndacp = 0C9F
|mlymcp = 0D1F
|gujrcp = 0A9F
|gurucp = 0A1F
|iscii = BD

|brahcp = 1101D |ashokaimg = Brahmi tt.svg
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka tt.svg
|guptaimg = Gupta ashoka tt.svg
|kharcp = 10A1A |kharimg = Kharosthi tt.svg
|siddcp = 11598 |siddimg = Siddham tt.svg
|grancp = 1131F
|tibtcp = 0F4A
|tibtaltcp = 0F9A
|zanbcp = 11A14
|newacp = 1141A
|bhkscp = 11C18
|shrdcp = 1119B
|mymrcp = 100B
|lanacp = 1A2D
|khmrcp = 178A
|thaicp = 0E0F
|thai2cp = 0E0E
|laoocp = 0E8F
|sinhcp = 0DA7
|cakmcp = 11111
|diakcp = 11916
|saurcp = A89C
|modicp = 11618
|nandcp = 119B8
|soyocp = 11A66
|sylocp = A810
|gongcp = 11D7D
|kthiimg = Kaithi Tta.svg | kthicp = 11097
|tirhcp = 11499
|takrcp = 11694
|dogrcp = 11814
|sindcp = 112C6
|mahjcp = 1115E
|multcp = 11290
|balicp = 1B1D
|javacp = A99B
|gonmcp = 11D16
|canscp = 144c
|canscp-I = 144e
|canscp-O = 1450
|canscp-A = 1455
|canscp-X = 1466
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

==Further reading==
* Kurt Elfering: ''Die Mathematik des Aryabhata I. Text, Übersetzung aus dem Sanskrit und Kommentar''. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München, 1975, {{ISBN|3-7705-1326-6}}
* Georges Ifrah: ''The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer''. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000, {{ISBN|0-471-39340-1}}.
* B. L. van der Waerden: ''Erwachende Wissenschaft. Ägyptische, babylonische und griechische Mathematik''. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel Stuttgart, 1966, {{ISBN|3-7643-0399-9}}
* {{Cite journal
| issn = 0035-869X
| pages = 109–126
| last = Fleet
| first = J. F.
| title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers
| journal = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
| date = January 1911
| volume = 43
| doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00040995
| jstor = 25189823
}}
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0035869X00040995| jstor = 25189823 | pages = 109–126 | volume = 43 | journal = The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | title = Aryabhata's System of Expressing Numbers |
publisher = Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland | year = 1911| last1 = Fleet | first1 = J. F.}}

{{Devanagari_abugida}}
{{Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Txa (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Sridhar Ramaswamy

2025-12-24T21:50:02Z

ClairBoone: starting a data.

{{Short description|Indian-American computer scientist and businessman}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sridhar Ramaswamy
| image = 2020588 Sridhar Ramaswamy 38.jpg
| caption = Ramaswamy in 2020
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1967}}
| birth_place = [[Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = co-founding Neeva formerly running Google's ad business
| education = [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|IIT Madras]] ([[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]]) [[Brown University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| title = CEO of [[Snowflake Inc.]]
| spouse =
| children = 2
| module = {{Infobox scientist |child=yes
| thesis_title = Indexing for Data Models with Classes and Constraints
| thesis_url = https://cs.brown.edu/media/filer_public/05/97/05970aad-cfca-4701-88c7-61429beb42be/ramaswamy.pdf
| thesis_year = 1995
| doctoral_advisor = [[Paris Kanellakis]]
}}
}}

'''Sridhar Ramaswamy''' (born 1967) is an Indian-American computer scientist and executive. He has been the chief executive officer of cloud-based data-warehousing company [[Snowflake Inc.]] since February 2024. He was the cofounder and CEO of the [[startup company]] [[Neeva]], an ad-free, privacy-focused search engine, until it was acquired by Snowflake.<ref name="times">{{cite news |last1=Wakabayashi |first1=Daisuke |title=A Former Google Executive Takes Aim at His Old Company With a Start-Up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/technology/google-neeva-executive.html |access-date=15 March 2021 |work=New York Times |date=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Swant |first1=Marty |title=After Building Google's Advertising Business, This Founder Is Creating An Ad-Free Alternative |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2021/03/08/after-building-googles-advertising-business-this-founder-is-creating-an-ad-free-alternative/?sh=55e4c63af6ac |access-date=15 March 2021 |work=Forbes |date=8 March 2021}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Ramaswamy was born in 1967 in [[Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu]], India.<ref>{{Cite thesis |url=https://cs.brown.edu/media/filer_public/05/97/05970aad-cfca-4701-88c7-61429beb42be/ramaswamy.pdf |title=Indexing for Data Models with Classes and Constraints |date=May 1995 |first=Sridhar |last=Ramaswamy |publisher=Brown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229051519/https://cs.brown.edu/media/filer_public/05/97/05970aad-cfca-4701-88c7-61429beb42be/ramaswamy.pdf |archive-date=29 February 2024 |url-status=live |access-date=29 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajan |first=Nandagopal |date=24 January 2021 |title=Neeva founder Sridhar Ramaswamy: 'We guarantee that your data is used to serve you better results and for nothing else' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/neeva-ceo-sridhar-ramaswamy-interview-7159192/ |work=The Indian Express |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208185134/https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/social/neeva-ceo-sridhar-ramaswamy-interview-7159192/ |archive-date=8 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> He received a bachelor's degree in computer science from [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|IIT Madras]].<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite web |title=Sridhar Ramaswamy |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=27542926&ticker=GOOG&previousCapId=29096&previousTitle=GOOGLE%2520INC-CL%2520A%20Bloomberg |website=Bloomberg.com |publisher=Bloomberg |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150523025429/http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=27542926&ticker=GOOG&previousCapId=29096&previousTitle=GOOGLE%2520INC-CL%2520A%20Bloomberg|access-date=25 March 2021|archive-date = 2015-05-23}}</ref> He immigrated to the United States in 1989 and received a master's degree and PhD in computer science from [[Brown University]].<ref name="times"/><ref name="bloomberg"/>

==Career==
After graduating from college, Ramaswamy researched database analytics for three years at [[Bell Labs]] and held similar positions at [[Lucent Technologies]] and [[Bell Communications Research]]. While working for [[Epiphany, Inc.|E.piphany]] as a [[machine learning]] systems developer, Google began recruiting engineers from the company.<ref name="efrati"/><ref name="bloomberg"/>

Ramaswamy joined Google in 2003 to work on the back-end infrastructure of [[Google Ads|AdWords]] as a mid-level engineer. He worked his way up the company over the course of 15 years.<ref name="efrati">{{cite news |last1=Efrati |first1=Amir |title=The Ascension of Google's Sridhar Ramaswamy |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/the-ascension-of-google-s-sridhar-ramaswamy |access-date=15 March 2021 |work=The Information |date=6 April 2015}}</ref> In 2013, he was promoted to senior vice president of advertising and commerce at Google.<ref name="times"/><ref name="CNBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/01/google-ad-chief-sridhar-ramaswamy-leaves-for-greylock-ventures.html|title=The exec in charge of Google's biggest business leaves to join a venture firm|last=D'Onfro|first=Jillian|date=October 2, 2018|website=CNBC|archive-date=|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref>

Ramaswamy left Google in 2018 to become a partner at [[venture capitalist]] firm [[Greylock Partners]]. In 2019, he created Neeva as an alternative to [[Google Search]], after becoming disillusioned with the limitations of the ad-supported search model. Instead of ads, Ramaswamy planned a subscription-based model for Neeva.<ref name="times"/> Neeva was launched in the US in 2021 and the next year in the UK, France, and Germany;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-63130364 | title=Ex-Google ad boss builds tracker-free search engine | date=5 October 2022 | publisher=BBC News |access-date= October 6, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Learn About The Creator Of The Revolutionary Ad-Free Search Engine |url= https://topaiblog.com/neeva-ai-founder/ |work=Top AI Blogs |access-date= April 2, 2023}}</ref> Neeva was acquired by [[Snowflake Inc.]] in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-24 |title=Snowflake acquires Neeva, days after the search startup pivots to enterprise |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/snowflake-acquires-neeva-days-after-the-search-startup-pivots-to-enterprise/ |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref> In February 2024, Ramaswamy succeeded [[Frank Slootman]] as Snowflake's CEO.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vanian |first1=Jonathan |title=Snowflake says Frank Slootman is retiring as CEO; stock plunges 20% |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/28/snowflake-says-frank-slootman-is-retiring-as-ceo-stock-plunges-20percent.html |website=CNBC |access-date=28 February 2024 |language=en |date=28 February 2024}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Ramaswamy lives in [[Cupertino, California]], with his wife and two sons.<ref name="efrati"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite news |last1=Carlson |first1=Nicholas |title=This unknown Google exec fought a brutal internal battle and now controls a $60 billion business |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-exec-sridhar-ramaswamy-controls-a-60-billion-business-2015-4 |work=Business Insider |date=April 6, 2015}}
*{{cite news |last1=Beck |first1=Martin |title=Google Ad Chief: "How Many Of Facebook's Video Views Are Engaged?" |url=http://marketingland.com/google-ad-chief-how-many-of-facebooks-video-views-are-engaged-129644 |work=MarTech |date=May 21, 2015 |language=en}}
*{{cite news |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |title=Google's Ads Boss: We Are Not a Retailer and Don't Intend to Be One |url=http://recode.net/2015/05/21/googles-ads-boss-we-are-not-a-retailer-and-dont-intend-to-be-one/ |work=Vox |date=May 21, 2015 |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramaswamy, Sridhar}}
[[Category:Brown University alumni]]
[[Category:Google employees]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American people of Indian Tamil descent]]

Manjeet Tattooz

2025-12-18T20:07:34Z

ClairBoone: new a data...

{{Short description|Indian tattoo artist}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manjeet Tattooz
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|02|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi, India]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = [[Tattoo artist]]
| known_for =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|https://www.manjeettattooz.com/}}
}}

'''Manjeet Singh''' (born 8 February 1976), known as Manjeet Tattooz, is an Indian [[tattoo artist]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ali Khan |first=Murtaza |date=2025-08-02 |title=Inked in history: Manjeet Singh's impact on Indian tattoo culture |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/feature/inked-in-history-manjeet-singhs-impact-on-indian-tattoo-culture-136771/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The Sunday Guardian |language=en}}</ref> His work has been featured in Indian and international tattoo conventions and was included in The World Atlas of Tattoos published by [[Yale University Press]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bhatia |first=Parvinder |title=Tattoo artist Manjeet Singh begins India Tour |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2025/state-editions/tattoo-artist-manjeet-singh-begins-india-tour.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Manjeet Singh was born on 8 February 1976 in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":2" /> He began his career in the early 1990s as a hand-painter of Bollywood film posters in New Delhi.<ref name=":0" /> He developed an interest in tattooing in the mid-2000s and started working professionally in 2007. He is [[Autodidacticism|self-taught]] artist.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Singh primarily works in black-and-grey realism, portraiture, and spiritual themes, including Sikh iconography.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Vaid |first=Dharvi |date=2015-09-24 |title=InDelhible ink: Delhi tattoo artist among world's best |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/indelhible-ink-delhi-tattoo-artist-among-worlds-best/articleshow/49082398.cms |access-date=2025-08-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> His portfolio includes religious figures, historical personalities, and surrealist designs. One of his tattoos depicting Salvador Dalí was included in The World Atlas of Tattoos.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Somasundaram |first=Jayanthi |date=2016-04-17 |title=Body of Art |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2016/Apr/16/body-of-art-925097.html |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
In 2012, Singh was awarded the Best Portrait Tattoo at the International Tattoo Convention held in India. Over the years, he has participated in multiple tattoo expos and conventions, including events in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], and other countries.<ref name=":2" /> He has been invited to demonstrate techniques and engage with artists from different regions.

Singh has worked with several public figures from the Indian entertainment and sports industries. His clients have included singer [[Mika Singh]], actor [[Amit Tandon]], cricketer [[Harbhajan Singh]], hockey player [[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]] and Punjabi artist like [[Jordan Sandhu]], [[Himanshi Khurana]], [[Byg Byrd]], Gulab Sidhu.<ref name=":0" />

He has conducted tattoo workshops and collaborated with regional studios in various cities. These activities have included training sessions on tattoo hygiene, aftercare, and ethical practices.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Singh has publicly expressed concern over the absence of industry regulations and has advocated for standardized safety measures and licensing for professional tattoo artists in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi's tattoo artist gives free tattoos of Sidhu Moosewala; fans make a beeline to get inked |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trending/delhis-tattoo-artist-gives-free-tattoos-of-sidhu-moosewala-fans-make-a-beeline-to-get-inked-400395/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, he organized a multi-city tattoo tour across India. The tour included live tattooing sessions, artist collaborations, and public outreach initiatives focused on promoting awareness about safe tattoo practices in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.<ref name=":2" />

== Recognition ==
Singh is one of three Indian tattoo artists featured in The World Atlas of Tattoos, published by Yale University Press.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Anna Felicity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrRRCgAAQBAJ |title=The World Atlas of Tattoo |last2=Elkins |first2=James |date=2015-01-01 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21048-4 |language=en}}</ref> He received the Best Portrait Tattoo award at the 2012 International Tattoo Convention in India. He is also reported to hold a Guinness World Record.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Jaffer |first=Askari |date=2025-07-13 |title=Manjeet Singh on the Rise of Tattoo Culture in India: Art, Identity, and a Growing Industry |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/manjeet-singh-on-the-rise-of-tattoo-culture-in-india-art-identity-and-a-growing-industry-987701 |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bisen |first=Shryansh |date=2020-08-08 |title=10 Best Tattoo Artists In India |url=https://siachenstudios.com/list/best-tattoo-artists-india/ |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=Siachen Studios |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tattooz, Manjeet}}
[[Category:1976 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tattoo artists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:Male tattoo artists]]
[[Category:Artists from Delhi]]

Fagun Thakrar

2025-12-14T04:12:46Z

ClairBoone: expanded content per sources for consistency

{{Short description|English actress (born 1983)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Fagun
| image = Fagun Thakrar at Cannes 2011.jpeg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Fagun at the Annual 64th Cannes Film Festival
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Leicester]], Leicestershire, England, UK
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| othername =
| alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]] [[University College London| University College London Medical School]], [[Royal Central School of Speech and Drama]], [[London College of Fashion]]
| occupation = Actress, director, writer, producer, global ambassador, activist, fashion designer, philanthropist,
| yearsactive = Since 2011
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| website =
}}

'''Fagun Thakrar''' is an English actress, writer-director, founder, social entrepreneur and activist. Fagun has appeared in several British, American, and [[Cinema of India|Indian]] cinema.<ref name="glamsham">{{cite web|url=http://www.glamsham.com/movies/interviews/13-fagun-thakrar-interview-061104.asp |title=Interview With Fagun Thakrar |publisher=glamsham.com |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Fagun is the founder and CEO of the Purpose Movie Studio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Purpose Movie Studio |url=https://thepurposemoviestudio.com/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en}}</ref> Fagun is involved in many global non-profit organizations, particularly in initiatives related to global health and holistic well-being. She also established the Creatively Inspired Life Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Elena |date=2021-04-19 |title=Fagun Thakrar expands creativity focused not-for-profit - News & insight |url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2021/fagun-thakrar-expands-creativity-focused-not-for-profit/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=Cambridge Judge Business School |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Creatively Inspired Life – Helping Young People through the Arts |url=https://creativelyinspiredlife.org/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2023, Fagun was selected as a Young Global Leader by the [[World Economic Forum]], recognizing her as one of the world's most promising leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=Here are 2023's Young Global Leaders, from macroeconomics to opera |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/03/young-global-leaders-ygl-class-of-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref>
==Early life==
Fagun was born in [[Leicester]], Leicestershire, England.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviescopemag.com/24-fps/one-to-watch/actor/fagun-thakrar-one-to-watch/ |title=Fagun Thakrar – One To Watch – movieScope Magazine | movieScope Magazine |publisher=Moviescopemag.com |date=14 August 2010 |accessdate=19 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227141402/http://www.moviescopemag.com/24-fps/one-to-watch/actor/fagun-thakrar-one-to-watch/ |archive-date=27 December 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She studied at [[Beauchamp College]] in [[Oadby]].

Fagun has studied five degrees at internationally renowned universities. Initially Fagun moved to London to study medicine at [[University College London]].<ref name="Fagun Thakrar {{!}} HuffPost">{{Cite web|title=Fagun Thakrar {{!}} HuffPost|url=https://www.huffpost.com/author/fagun-thakrar|access-date=2021-06-28|website=www.huffpost.com|language=en}}</ref> Later, she diversified her education by training in classical acting at the [[Royal Central School of Speech and Drama|Royal Central School of Speech and Drama (RCSSD)]] and the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art|Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London]]<ref name="Fagun Thakrar {{!}} HuffPost" /> and pursued film directing studies in the US.<ref name=":0" /> She also holds a master's degree from the [[London College of Fashion]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Arif-Fear|first=Elizabeth|date=2019-02-05|title=Empowering women through the arts: Meet women's NGO the Fagun Foundation, led by actress and activist Fagun Thakrar|url=https://voiceofsalam.com/2019/02/05/empowering-women-through-the-arts-meet-the-fagun-foundation/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Voice of Salam|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, Fagun acquired an MBA to broaden her scope in the business sector. She has further advanced her academic qualifications by earning a fifth degree from the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref name="jbs.cam.ac.uk">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title=Fagun Thakrar expands creativity focused not-for-profit - News & insight|url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/insight/2021/fagun-thakrar-expands-creativity-focused-not-for-profit/|access-date=2021-06-28|website=Cambridge Judge Business School|language=en-GB}}</ref>

Fagun's educational achievements was chronicled in a special segment for [[ITV News]] for maintaining her "straight A" record under a particularly challenging course load in high school and college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anglotopia.net/british-entertainment/celebrities/interview-with-brit-star-fagun-thakrar/ |title=Interview With Brit Star Fagun Thakrar – Anglotopia.net | Anglotopia – For People That Love Britain |date=28 September 2010 |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref>

==Film career==

=== Acting ===
Whilst studying, Fagun competed against thousands of contestants and won [[BBC]]'s Bolly Idol, an adoption of [[Pop idol|Pop]] and [[American Idol|America idol]] after which she was offered her first lead stage role.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Alumni - Beauchamp College |url=https://www.beauchamp.org.uk/alumni/alumni-network/notable-alumni/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=www.beauchamp.org.uk}}</ref>

For her first cinematic role, Fagun starred as Nabeela in the film, ''[[Brick Lane (2007 film)|Brick Lane]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siliconeer.com/past_issues/2010/september-2010/sep10-cinema-hollywood-chat-with-fagun-thakrar.html |title=CINEMA: Hollywood Beckons: Chat with Fagun Thakrar | SEPTEMBER 2010 | Celebrating 11 Years |publisher=Siliconeer |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> shot on location in London. She then played Mandy Edge for the long running BBC hospital TV series, ''[[Holby City]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/fashion/article432206.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307180550/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/fashion/article432206.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2014 |title=New Indian Express |publisher=The New Indian Express |accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Her acting roles include the title part of Zohra and the lead part of Deepa Verma, in the thriller Blood and Curry.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whereandnow.com/index.php?section=where-to-travel-to-now&article=celebrity-travel-fagun-thakrar |title=Celebrity Travel: Fagun Thakrar |publisher=Whereandnow.com |access-date=2012-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020311/http://www.whereandnow.com/index.php?section=where-to-travel-to-now&article=celebrity-travel-fagun-thakrar |archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref> Fagun portrayed Rekha opposite [[Martin Sheen]] and [[Kal Penn]] in the American film ''[[Bhopal: A Prayer for Rain|Bhopal: Prayer for Rain.]]''

She attended the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hindustan Times - Archive News |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/shekhar-and-i-are-good-friends/article1-707572.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313025258/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/shekhar-and-i-are-good-friends/article1-707572.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2014 |work=Hindustan Times |df=dmy}}</ref> She was hand-picked by internationally acclaimed film director [[Shekhar Kapur]] for the premiere of the movie ''[[:fr:Bollywood, The Greatest Love Story Ever Told|Bollywood, The Greatest Love Story Ever Told]]''.

In addition to her acting credits on film, Fagun has performed in several Shakespeare plays, including as Juliet in ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''. She has also appeared in commercials representing [[L'Oréal]], [[IBM]] and [[Vodafone]].

=== Writing and directing ===
As a writer and director Fagun intends to focus on films about social issues.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2021/fagun-thakrar-expands-creativity-focused-not-for-profit/ | title=Fagun Thakrar expands creativity focused not-for-profit - News & insight | date=19 April 2021 }}</ref>

Fagun is currently directing a documentary How Our Brains Are Affected by Meditation.<ref>{{Citation|title=How Our Brains Are Affected by Meditation|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt6230018/|access-date=2019-06-18}}</ref>

==Non-profit activities==

=== Global activism ===

Fagun was appointed as the Global Ambassador for The International Forum Advocating for Women's Brain and Health, which holds an annual meeting in Zurich, Switzerland. The organization unites experts and representatives from various scientific disciplines and practice fields, with the aim of advancing the study and enhancement of brain and mental health.<ref>{{Cite web |last=forum-wbp |title=Fagun Thakrar – International Forum on Woman's Brain & Mental Health |url=https://www.forum-wbp.com/fagun-thakrar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609105356/https://www.forum-wbp.com/fagun-thakrar/ |archive-date=2023-06-09 |access-date=2019-06-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Fagun founded The Creatively Inspired Life Foundation, a non-profit organization to help young people to overcome barriers through the power of creativity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fagun Thakrar at Women in Film Oscar event|url=http://entertainment.chennaipatrika.com/post/2017/03/02/Fagun-Thakrar-at-Women-in-Film-Oscar-event.aspx|website=ChennaiPatrika|accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref>

Fagun served as the international spokeswoman for ''SAHARA'' (South Asian Helpline And Referral Agency), a [[culturally sensitive]] organization that supports women in [[Southern California]] through personal crisis.

Fagun continues to work with The United Nations and Amnesty International, among other global organizations<ref>{{cite web | url=https://justcelebritymag.com/2010/09/04/introducing-fagun-thakrar/ | title=Introducing Fagun Thakrar | date=4 September 2010 }}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
The [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] ([[Bafta|BAFTA]]) honored Fagun on their selective Newcomers Program, awarded to international rising stars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=2018-07-24 |title=Coming To America: BAFTA LA Expands Newcomers Program To International Talent & Biz |url=https://deadline.com/2018/07/bafta-la-expands-newcomers-program-1202432482/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-28 |title=BAFTA Los Angeles Announces the 2017-18 Newcomers Program Participants |url=https://www.bafta.org/media-centre/press-releases/bafta-los-angeles-announces-the-2017-18-newcomers-program-participants |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=www.bafta.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wyche |first=Elbert |date=2017-07-28 |title=BAFTA LA announces Newcomer Programme participants |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/-bafta-la-announces-newcomer-programme-participants/5120411.article |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=Screen }}</ref>

Fagun was awarded the Leicester Arts Achievement Award for her contribution and supporting young people in the arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fagun Thakrar Becomes First Actor that Leicester Honors with Prestigious Award for Artistic Achievement |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/fagun_thakrar_becomes_first_actor_that_leicester_honors_with_prestigious_award_for_artistic_achievement/prweb14252284.htm |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=PRWeb}}</ref>

Fagun's career achievements were featured alongside those of actors, including Dame Judi Dench, in a historical book on British actors on stage and cinema over the past eight decades.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiablooms.com/showbiz-details/B/5064/fagun-thakrar-chosen-to-be-in-the-book-of-the-history-of-british-actors.html | title=Fagun Thakrar chosen to be in the book of the history of British actors | Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management | date=26 October 2016 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|2169811|Fagun Thakrar}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110228181432/http://www.moviescopemag.com/2010/10/fagun-thakrar-actor/ Interview with MovieScope]
*[http://www.anglotopia.net/british-entertainment/celebrities/interview-with-brit-star-fagun-thakrar/ Anglotopia Profile]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakrar, Fagun}}
[[Category:English film actresses]]
[[Category:English television actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Leicester]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]]
[[Category:English people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:English people of Gujarati descent]]
[[Category:1983 births]]

Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency

2025-12-01T13:58:15Z

ClairBoone: created new article

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Dakshina Kannada {{Small|KA-17}}
| map_image ={{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok_Sabha_constituencies/2019/Karnataka/Dakshina Kannada.map}}
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| mp = [[Brijesh Chowta|Captain Brijesh Chowta]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general elections|2024]]
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| electors = 1,765,281<ref name=turnout/>
| assembly_cons = [[Belthangady Assembly constituency|Belthangady]] [[Moodabidri (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Moodabidri]] [[Mangalore City North Assembly constituency|Mangalore City North]] [[Mangalore City South Assembly constituency|Mangalore City South]] [[Mangalore Assembly constituency|Mangalore]] [[Bantval (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Bantval]] [[Puttur Assembly constituency|Puttur]] [[Sullia (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sullia]]
}}

[[File:Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha Constituency Map with district boundary (2009 - Present).pdf|thumb|]]
'''Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency''' formerly [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]] is one of the 28 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the Indian parliament) constituencies in [[Karnataka]], a state in southern [[India]].This constituency is closer to [[Kerala]]. This constituency was created as a part of the delimitation of the parliamentary constituencies in 2008.<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=208}}</ref> It first held elections in 2009 and its first member of parliament (MP) was [[Nalin Kumar Kateel]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). As of the latest elections in 2024, Captain Brijesh Chowta represents this constituency. It comprises whole area of [[Dakshina Kannada district]] only.

==Assembly segments==
Before delimitation in 2008, Belthangady Assembly segment was under [[Chikmagalur Lok Sabha constituency|Chikmagalur constituency]] and the Bantwal, Moodabidri Assembly segments, along with former Surathkal Assembly segment (now renamed as [[Mangalore City North]]) were under the [[Udupi Lok Sabha constituency|Udupi constituency]]. In addition, the entire Kodagu district, comprising Madikeri, Virajpet and Somwarpet Assembly segments, was under the former [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="hindu1"/> After delimitation, Ullal and Mangalore Assembly segments were also renamed as [[Mangalore Assembly constituency|Mangalore]] and [[Mangalore City South]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/mangalore-to-have-three-assembly-segments/article1878490.ece|title=Mangalore to have three Assembly segments|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[N. Ram]]|date=24 July 2007|access-date=13 December 2014}}</ref> As of 2019, Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) segments:<ref name=ceo/><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/08/stories/2009030858700300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090314123910/http://www.hindu.com/2009/03/08/stories/2009030858700300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 March 2009|title=Lok Sabha elections first time after delimitation |last=Kamila |first=Raviprasad|author2=Govind D. Belgaumkar |date=8 March 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|publisher=[[N. Ram]]|access-date=31 March 2010}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
!colspan="2"|[[2024 Indian general election in Karnataka|2024]] lead
|-
|200
|[[Belthangady Assembly constituency|Belthangady]]
| rowspan="8" |[[Dakshina Kannada]]
|[[Harish Poonja]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|201
|[[Moodabidri (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Moodabidri]]
|[[Umanatha Kotian]]
|-
|202
|[[Mangalore City North Assembly constituency|Mangalore City North]]
|[[Y. Bharath Shetty]]
|-
|203
|[[Mangalore City South Assembly constituency|Mangalore City South]]
|[[D. Vedavyas Kamath]]
|-
|204
|[[Mangalore Assembly constituency|Mangalore]]
|[[U. T. Khader]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|205
|[[Bantval (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Bantval]]
|[[U. Rajesh Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|{{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|206
|[[Puttur Assembly constituency|Puttur]]
|[[Ashok Kumar Rai (Indian politician)|Ashok Kumar Rai]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|207
|[[Sullia (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Sullia]] (SC)
|[[Bhageerathi Murulya|Bhagirathi Murulya]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
{{noteslist}}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Till 2009 : See [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency|Mangalore]]''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Nalin Kumar Kateel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Brijesh Chowta]]
|-
|}

== Election results ==

=== General Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Dakshina Kannada]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Brijesh Chowta]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=764,132|percentage=53.97|change={{down}}3.60}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Padmaraj Ramiah|party=Indian National Congress|votes=6,14,924|percentage=43.43|change={{up}}6.28}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=23,576|percentage=1.67|change={{up}}1.12}}
{{Election box majority||votes=149,208|percentage=10.54|change={{down}}9.88}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=14,18,468|percentage=78.02|change={{up}}0.03}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Dakshina Kannada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://results.eci.gov.in/pc/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1017.htm?ac=17|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2019|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nalin Kumar Kateel]]|votes=7,74,285|percentage=57.57|change=+4.34}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Mithun Rai|votes=4,99,664|percentage=37.15|change=-4.18}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Social Democratic Party of India|candidate=Ilyas Muhammed Thumbe|votes=46,839|percentage=3.48|change=+1.22}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=7,380|percentage=0.55|change=-0.04}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,74,621
|percentage = 20.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=13,45,039|percentage=77.99|change=}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 17,24,458
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =+4.26
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: Dakshina Kannada<ref name=turnout>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election – 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1017.htm?ac=17|title= Dakshina Kannada|publisher=Election Commission of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628100552/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1017.htm?ac=17|archive-date=28 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nalin Kumar Kateel]]
|votes = 6,42,739
|percentage = 53.23
|change = +4.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Janardhana Poojary]]
|votes = 4,99,030
|percentage = 41.33
|change = -3.85
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Social Democratic Party of India
|candidate = Haneef Khan Kodaje
|votes = 27,254
|percentage = 2.26
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = K. Yadava Shetty
|votes = 9,394
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -1.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,109
|percentage = 0.59
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 1,43,709
|percentage = 11.90
|change = +7.92
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12,07,583
|percentage = 77.15
|change = +1.71
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: Dakshina Kannada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |pages=60|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Nalin Kumar Kateel]]|votes=499,385|percentage=49.16|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Janardhana Poojary]]|votes=458,965|percentage=45.18|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=B. Madhava|votes=18,328|percentage=1.80|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Alekkadi Girish Rai|votes=10,196|percentage=1.00|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Subrahmanya Kumar Kuntikanamata|votes=8,932|percentage=0.88|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=K. Rama Bhat Urimajalu|votes=5,960|percentage=0.59|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=U. P. Shivananda|votes=4,825|percentage=0.47|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Vasudeva Gowda M. P.|votes=3,180|percentage=0.31|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Vicharawadi Ananda Gatty|votes=2,373|percentage=0.23|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Mohammed Sali|votes=1,977|percentage=0.19|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Thirumala Raya Halemane|votes=1,801|percentage=0.18|change=N/A}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 40,420
|percentage = 3.98
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,015,922|percentage=75.44|change=N/A}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[Dakshina Kannada district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
* [[Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/karnataka/dakshina_kannada/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Dakshina Kannada lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.83|75.24|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Dakshina Kannada district]]
|}

Vadakkencherry, Palakkad

2025-11-25T04:48:45Z

ClairBoone:

{{Distinguish|Wadakkancherry|Vadakkancheri (disambiguation){{!}}Vadakkancherry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vadakkencherry
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Vadakkencherry01.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Vadakkencherry Town
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Kerala]]##Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|10|35|25.9|N|76|29|00.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]
| governing_body = Vadakkencherry Grama Panchayath
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 37.88
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 35,969
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dop.lsgkerala.gov.in/ml/article/1031 |title=പാലക്കാട്‌ ജില്ലയിലെ ഗ്രാമ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളുടെ അടിസ്ഥാന വിവരങ്ങൾ}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 678683
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 4922
| registration_plate = KL-9, KL-49
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Palakkad]] ({{cvt|32|km}}
[[Thrissur]] ({{cvt|34|km|}} 
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Parliament]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Alathur Lok Sabha constituency|Alathur]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[State legislative assemblies of India|State Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Tarur Assembly constituency|Tarur]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vadakkencherry''' ({{IPA|ml|ʋɐɖɐkːɐɲdʒeːɾi|IPA}}) is a town and [[gram panchayat]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.panchayatportals.gov.in/web/221613_vadakkancheri-village-panchayat# |title=VADAKKANCHERI-VILLAGE PANCHAYAT |website=Panchayat Portals |access-date=17 October 2018}}</ref> in the [[Palakkad district]], state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pin Code: VADAKKANCHERRY MBR, PALAKKAD, KERALA, India, Pincode.net.in |url=https://pincode.net.in/KERALA/PALAKKAD/V/VADAKKANCHERRY_MBR |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=pincode.net.in}}</ref> It is located about 32 km from [[Palakkad]] along [[National Highway 544]]. Vadakkencherry-Mannuthy section of NH-544 is the [[Roads in Kerala|first]] six lane National Highway in the state.

== Education ==
* [[College of Applied Science, Vadakkencherry]]
* St. Mary’s Polytechnic College, Vadakkenchery<ref>{{Cite web |title=ST.MARY'S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE |url=http://www.stmaryspolytechnic.in/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=www.stmaryspolytechnic.in}}</ref>
* Cherupushpam GHSS Vadakkencherry<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-08 |title=About Us |url=https://cherupushpamghss.school.blog/about-us/ |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=Cherupushpam GHSS Vadakkencherry |language=en}}</ref>
* Government Community College, Vadakkenchery<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Community College, Vadakkanchery |url=https://www.facebook.com/GCCVdcy |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref>
* The Shobha Academy<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/infrastructure/csr-project-sobha-groups-pnc-menon-developing-keralas-palakkad-region-educating-children/articleshow/24765307.cms|title = CSR project: Sobha Group's PNC Menon developing Kerala's Palakkad region & educating children|newspaper = The Economic Times|last1 = Sanandakumar|first1 = S.}}</ref>
* Motherteresa School Vadakkencherry
* St Francis School, Elavampadam, Vadakkencherry

== Transportation ==
Vadakkencherry has good connectivity across all major cities. It is located along [[National Highway 544]]. Public transportation is mainly through private and [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] bus services. A [[Kerala State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]] operating centre is being operated from Vadakkencherry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-14 |title=KSRTC Depots |url=http://www.keralartc.com/html/depots.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314023608/http://www.keralartc.com/html/depots.html |archive-date=14 March 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There is also a private bus stand usually called as Indira Priyadarshini Bus Stand to operate private bus service.<ref>{{Citation |last=basheer |first=Shafeeq |title=English: Priyadarshini Bus stand, Vadakkencherry |date=2020-12-05 |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vadakkencherry_Bus_stand.jpg |access-date=2022-08-26}}</ref> Nearest major railway stations are [[Palakkad Junction railway station]] and [[Thrissur railway station]]. Nearest airport is [[Cochin International Airport]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Vadakkencherry}}

{{Palakkad district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Palakkad district]]

Masjid-e-Rasheed

2025-09-30T15:17:28Z

ClairBoone:

{{Short description|Mosque in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{about|the mosque in Deoband|the Islamic seminary in Deoband|Darul Uloom Deoband}}
{{onesource|date=May 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Masjid-e-Rasheed
| image = Jame Rashid Mosque.jpg
| caption = The mosque in 2018
| map_type = India Uttar Pradesh
| map_size = 250
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|29|41|54|N|77|40|34|E|region:IN-UP_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| sect = [[Hanafi]]
| status = [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]]
| location = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] compound, [[Deoband]], [[Saharanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| leadership =
| governing_body = Majlis-al-Shura
| established = 14 April 1986
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architect = [[Abdul Khaliq Madrasi]]
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]|[[Mughal architecture|Mughal]]|[[Modern architecture|Modernist]]}}
| construction_cost = {{INR}}10cr
| capacity = 20,000 worshippers
| length = {{cvt|120|m|ft}}
| width = {{cvt|60|m|ft}}
| dome_quantity = One {{small|(maybe more)}}
| dome_height_outer = {{cvt|120|ft|m|order=flip}}
| minaret_quantity = Two
| minaret_height = {{cvt|180|ft|m|order=flip}}
| materials = [[Makrana marble]]
| website = {{URL|darululoom-deoband.com/en/}}
}}

The '''Masjid-e-Rasheed''', also known as the '''Jame Rashid Mosque''', and the '''Masjid-e-Rashidiyah''', and the '''Taj Masjid''', also sometimes spelled as the '''Masjid Jam-e-Rashid''', is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Hanafi]] [[Congregational mosque|Friday mosque]], located in the compound of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in [[Deoband]], in the [[Saharanpur district]] of the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This mosque is named after [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi|Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi]], the second patron of Darul Uloom Deoband.

== Overview ==
The Masjid e-Rasheed is a distinct and noticeable mosque with an attractive dome and majestic [[minaret]]s that has become a major tourist attraction for Muslims and others. At first glance, the mosque appears to be built at the time of Islamic arrival. The vast grounds, long galleries on either side of the central gate, and ample space outside make it attractive.<ref name=Manzar>{{cite web |last=Bilal |first=Manzar |date=5 December 2009 |title=Masjid –e-Rasheed: A magnificent mosque at Darul Uloom |website=[[Two Circles]] |url=https://twocircles.net/2009dec04/masjid_e_rasheed_magnificent_mosque_darul_uloom.html |access-date=28 March 2024 }}</ref> On a moonlit night, the white stone tiles used in the mosque give a sight of [[Taj Mahal]] which tempts visitors to sit there for some time. A small, neat pond and a carefully arranged flower garden outside make it extremely beautiful. There are always a large number of people who come to see the mosque.<ref name=Manzar/>

When the administration of Darul Uloom decided to build this mosque, they did not imagined that the mosque would turn out to be so beautiful. As soon as the construction started, the community started donating an unexpected amount, and as a result the earlier simpler plan was changed. It took twenty years and a lot{{clarify|date=March 2025|reason=how much is a lot?}} of money to complete the current structure. The mosque has a {{convert|120|ft|m|adj=mid|order=flip|-high}} dome, two {{convert|180|ft|m|adj=mid|order=flip|-high}} minarets, and five doors. It has space for 20,000 [[Namazi|worshippers]] at a time.<ref name=Manzar/>

The late president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]] [[Asad Madani]] used to do [[Iʿtikāf]] (seclusion meditation) with hundreds of his disciples during Ramzan until his death. His son [[Mahmood Madani]] has kept on the same.<ref name=Manzar/>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Masjid Rasheed.jpg|The mosque exterior
Jame Rashid Mosque (interior).jpg|The mosque interior
Darul Uloom Deoband Memorable Photo 3.jpg|A view of the mosque through a gate
Rashid Masjid.jpg|The mosque in the evening
Masjid Rasheed in Deoband, Darul Uloom Deoband.jpg|one sided view

</gallery>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Jame Rashid Mosque}}
* {{official website|https://darululoom-deoband.com/en/}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:1986 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Hanafi mosques]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]

{{India-mosque-stub}}

Dadagiri

2025-09-09T09:28:26Z

ClairBoone: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Dadagiri Unlimited]]

Singh Guram

2025-07-03T15:46:18Z

ClairBoone: starting a biography

{{short description|Indian basketball player}}
{{Infobox basketball biography
| name = Singh Guram
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| nationality =
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 7
| weight_lbs =
| high_school = [[Airport High School (South Carolina)|Airport]] ([[West Columbia, South Carolina]], U.S.)
| college = [[Jacksonville Dolphins men's basketball|Jacksonville]] (1978–1982)
| draft_year = 1982
| career_start =
| career_end =
| career_position = [[Forward (basketball)|Forward]]
| career_number =
| years1 =
| team1 =
| highlights =
}}

'''Singh Guram''' is an Indian former [[basketball]] player. He played for the [[Jacksonville Dolphins]] from 1978 to 1982 as the first [[college basketball]] player from India.

==Early life==
Guram was raised in India and did not know about basketball while growing up.<ref name=np/> His family moved to the United States in 1970 when his father accepted a teaching post at [[Voorhees University|Voorhees College]] in [[Denmark, South Carolina]], and there he was first introduced to basketball.<ref name=tcr>{{cite news |title=Guram Picks Dolphins |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-guram-picks-dolphins/159357075/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Columbia Record |date=April 17, 1978 |page=58 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Guram attended [[Airport High School (South Carolina)|Airport High School]] where he played on the basketball team.<ref name=tcr/> He averaged a team-high 21.3 points and 16 rebounds per game during his senior season.<ref name=rogers/> In addition, his 5 assists per game made Airport head coach Bob Novinger describe Guram's passing as his greatest asset.<ref name=rogers>{{cite news |last1=Rogers |first1=Hamp |title=Guram Picked Top Of Area's Frontcourt Men |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-guram-picked-top-of/159357002/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Columbia Record |date=March 21, 1978 |page=16 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Guram left Airport as its all-time leading scorer and rebounder.<ref name=tcr/>

==College career==
After first being linked to join [[The Citadel Bulldogs basketball|The Citadel Bulldogs]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogers |first1=Hamp |title=Guram Picked Top Of Area's Frontcourt Men |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-guram-picked-top-of/159357028/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Columbia Record |date=March 21, 1978 |page=18 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Guram was recruited to play [[college basketball]] for the [[Jacksonville Dolphins men's basketball|Jacksonville Dolphins]] in 1978.<ref name=tcr/> He became the first native of India to sign an [[athletic scholarship]];<ref>{{cite news |title=Weber State ready for return visit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-mercury-weber-state-ready-for-return/175752803/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Mercury |date=March 9, 1979 |page=13 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> he was also the first Indian to compete in [[college basketball]] in the United States.<ref name=olson>{{cite news |last1=Olson |first1=Stan |title=A place in the Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-news-a-place-in-the-sun/175748156/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Charlotte News |date=February 22, 1979 |page=8 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> The Dolphins qualified for the [[1979 NCAA Division I basketball tournament|1979 NCAA Division I tournament]] during Guram's freshman season.<ref name=np>{{cite news |title=Jacksonville follows script into NCAA |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-press-jacksonville-follows-script-i/159357215/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=News-Press |date=March 4, 1979 |page=51 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Guram was the Dolphins' second-leading rebounder during his senior season in 1981–82.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fay |first1=Bill |title=Wenzel has Dolphins on way up |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-wenzel-has-dolphins-on/175754350/ |access-date=July 2, 2025 |work=The Tampa Tribune |date=November 23, 1982 |page=49 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> He averaged 4.7 points and 3.9 rebounds per game during his career with the Dolphins from 1978 to 1982.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spanning the Globe: Foreigners Impacting Basketball in Significant Way |url=https://www.collegehoopedia.com/players/foreigners-impact-basketball |website=College Hoopedia |access-date=July 2, 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/singh-guram-1.html Singh Guram college statistics] at [[Sports Reference]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guram, Singh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Basketball players from South Carolina]]
[[Category:Forwards (basketball)]]
[[Category:Indian men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Jacksonville Dolphins men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]

Khustigiri

2025-06-18T05:54:19Z

ClairBoone:

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Khustigiri
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.7605|N|87.536367|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Birbhum District|Birbhum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| website = {{URL|wb.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =

}}
'''Khustigiri''' (mentioned in census data as Khushtikuri) is a village in [[Ilambazar (community development block)|Ilambazar]] community development block in [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is {{convert|25
|km}} from [[Suri, Birbhum|Suri]].

==Overview==
Khustigiri is famous for the ''[[Dargah|Dargah Sharif]]'' which is believed to be a place of learning, getting peace of mind, and becoming free from diseases and mental distress. This sacred place was established by the great [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint Syed Shah Abdullah Kermani about 500 years ago for providing service to mankind, by the order of his spiritual master, Makhdoom Shah Arzani. The Sufi saint Abdullah Kermani (in short Kermani Baba) had established khankah, Jama Masjid, madrasah, langor khana, atithi shala, nahabat khana, library, charitable dispensary etc. for the service to mankind. In addition to these, the attractions of this place are the big and beautiful tomb of Kermani with double domes, sacred Gangagore, khas mahal, tombs of 14 Kazis, Hazrat Museum, historical tamarind tree, big dias, new minar, beautiful garden and the ''[[Mazar (mausoleum)|mazar]]s'' of the descendants of Kermani. Several functions and ceremonies are held throughout the year. Many centres under this dargah are being opened in various parts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://shahabdullahkermani.org | title = Khustigiri Dargah Sharif | publisher = KDS |access-date = 10 February 2018}}</ref>

==History==
It is said that a Muslim saint Saiyad Shah Abdullah Kirmani when young left Kirman in Iran his native country and visited a Muslim saint Shah Arzani, who died at Patna during the reign of [[Shah Jahan]] in 1630 AD. Shah Arzani directed him to go to Bengal and gave him a toothpick of chambeli wood. He told him to stay at the place where the toothpick became fresh and green. He arrived in Birbum and stayed at Bargaon, where he performed several miracles (''karamat'') but the toothpick remained unchanged. He then moved on to Khustigiri. There one morning he found the toothpick to have become fresh and green. He planted it and it soon became a large tree. Shah Abdullah is specially renowned for his power over serpents. His dargah is in the hands of his descendants and is visited by numerous pilgrims.<ref>O’Malley, L.S.S., ICS, ''Birbhum'', Bengal District Gazetteers, p. 132, first published 1910, 1996 reprint, Government of West Bengal</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=300| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|44|0|N|87|40|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, U: University. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|32|30|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Ilambazar | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Ilambazar]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|13|N|87|39|5|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Surul | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Surul]] (CT)|
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|46|44|N|87|52|21|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Parota | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Parota, Birbhum]] (CT)|
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|49|47|N|87|47|49|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Labhpur | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Labhpur]] (CT)|
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|16|N|87|41|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Bolpur |label-size5=14 | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Bolpur]] (M)|label-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|41|10|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Shantiniketan| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Shantiniketan]] (R)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|42|0|N|87|51|36|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Nanoor| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Nanoor]] (R)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|30|N|87|39|40|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Sriniketan| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Sriniketan]] (R)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|45|47|N|87|52|40|E}} | label-pos9=bottom|label9= Kirnahar| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Kirnahar]] (R)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|38|12|N|87|38|49|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Raipur| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Raipur, Birbhum]] (R)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|36|39|N|87|53|49|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Khujutipara| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Khujutipara]] (R)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|38|N|87|32|11|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Khustigiri| numbered12=R| mark-title12= Khustigiri (R)|shape-color12=black| label-size12=13|label-color12=black 
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|38|40|N|87|25|48|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Jaydev Kenduli| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Jaydev Kenduli]] (R)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|42|53|N|87|43|22|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= Kankalitala| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Kankalitala]] (R)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|40|25|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Visva-Bharati University| numbered15=U| mark-title15= [[Visva-Bharati University]] (U) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|23.8882|87.7549}}| label16=Mayurakshi River| label-color16 = #77A1CB| label-angle16= 16| label-pos16=right| label-size16=10| mark-size16=0| mark-title16 =none
|mark-coord17={{coord|23.7998|87.7254}}| label17=Bakreshwar River| label-color17 = #77A1CB| label-angle17=7| label-pos17=top| label-size17=10| mark-size17=0| mark-title17 =none
|mark-coord18={{coord|23.7546|87.7528}}| label18=Kopai River| label-color18 = #77A1CB| label-angle18=-45| label-pos18=top| label-size18=10| mark-size18=0| mark-title18 =none
|mark-coord19={{coord|23.5809|87.7668}}| label19=Ajay River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19=20| label-pos19=top| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Khustigiri is located at {{coord|23.7605|N|87.536367|E|display=inline}}.

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Fair==
Medini mela is organised around the time of [[Muharram]] and [[Mid-Sha'ban|Shab e Baraat]] near the [[Mazar (mausoleum)|mazar]] of Shah Abdullah Kermani at Khustigiri. Above all [[urs]] is observed every year from 11th Falgun to 15th Falgun (24 to 28 February) every year where millions of people attend.<ref>Mukhopadhyay, Aditya, ''Birbhumer Mela'', ''Paschim Banga'', Birbhum Special Issue, pp. 203–214, (in Bengali), February 2006, Information and Culture Deptt., Government of West Bengal</ref>

==Demographics==
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Khushtikuri had a total population of 1,994 of which 1,039 (52%) were males and 955 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 294. The total number of literates in Khushtikuri was 1,243 (73.12% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 6 February 2018 }}</ref>

==Transport==
Khustigiri is on the Panrui-Kurmitha Road.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
https://web.archive.org/web/20120323123527/http://www.khustigiridargahsharif.in/
https://www.facebook.com/KhustigiriOfficial/

{{Mosques in West Bengal}}
{{Birbhum District}}

[[Category:Villages in Birbhum district]]

Rama Deva Raya

2025-06-02T16:35:57Z

ClairBoone: made new entry first draft.

{{Short description|Emperor of Vijayanagara from 1617 to 1632}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = [[Emperor of Vijayanagara]]
| reign = 1617–1632
| predecessor = [[Jagga Raya]] (de facto)
| successor = [[Venkata III]]
| death_date = 1632
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}
{{Vijayanagara empire}}'''Rama Deva Raya''' (or '''Vira Rama Deva Raya''') (reigned 1617–1632) ascended the throne after a gruesome war in 1617 as the [[Vijayanagara Emperor|Emperor of Vijaynagara]]. In 1614, his father [[Sriranga II]], who was the preceding emperor, and his family were murdered by rival factions headed by [[Jagga Raya]], who was one of their kins. Rama Deva himself was smuggled out of the prison by Yachama Naidu, a faithful commander and the viceroy of earlier emperor [[Venkata II]].

==Civil War==
[[Jagga Raya]] made a claim of a putative son of [[Venkata II]]'s queens as the King, which was strongly challenged by [[Nayaks of Kalahasti|Yachama Naidu]], the leading general in the imperial army and the [[Nayak of Kalahasti]], who claimed the throne for Rama Deva, the rightful heir. In a long-drawn battle between the two factions in which the whole of the kingdom took part, Jagga Raya would be slain and his Gobburi estates in south west of [[Nellore]] in present-day Chennai, [[Chengelpet]] seized by Yachama Naidu.

==Battle of Toppur==
{{main|Battle of Toppur}}
The defeated Jagga Raya sought refuge in the jungle but bounced back and sought help from the [[Nayak dynasty|Nayaks]] of [[Gingee Nayaks|Gingee]] and [[Madurai Nayaks|Madurai]], both eager to get out of the Vijayanagara bond, to attack Yachama Naidu and Rama Deva. Yachama Naidu and Ramadeva sought support from the [[Tanjore Nayaks]], who still treated the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] as their authority.

===Armies===
Jagga Raya and his allies, the Nayaks of [[Madurai Nayak|Madurai]], [[Gingee]] and [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] ruler, chieftains of [[Madurai]], and some Portuguese from the coast assembled a large army near [[Tiruchirapalli]]. Yachama led his forces from [[Vellore]] and was joined in midway by [[Tanjore Nayaks|Tanjore]] forces headed by the Tanjore King Raghunatha Nayaka. Yachama – Tanjore forces were further strengthened by nobles from [[Karnataka]] and (according to some accounts) Dutch and [[Jaffna]] armies.

Both the Armies met at the Toppur, at an open field on the northern banks of River [[Cauvery]], between [[Tiruchirapalli]] and [[Grand Anicut]] in late months of 1616.

===Result===
In the Battle Jagga Raya's troops could not withstand the aggression generated by the imperial forces led by Yachama and Raghunatha, the generals of the Imperial camp. Jagga Raya was slain by Yachama, and his army took flight. Yethiraja, the brother of Jagga Raya, had to run for his life. The Nayaka chieftain of Madurai tried to escape, he was pursued by Yachama's general Rao Dama Nayani and captured near [[Tiruchirapalli]]. The Nayak of [[Gingee]] in the encounter lost all his forts except [[Gingee Fort]] and the putative son of [[Venkata II]], the cause of all the trouble, was captured. The victory was celebrated by the imperial armies headed by [[Thanjavur Nayak]] and Yachamanedu, who planted pillars of victory and crowned Rama Deva as Rama Deva Raya, in early months of 1617. Rama Deva Raya was barely 15 years old when he ascended the throne.

==Continued Hostilities==
Yethiraja, the brother of Jagga Raya, after losing the Toppur Battle, aligned with the Gingee Nayak and attacked Tanjore, but was defeated with the later ending as captive. Yethiraja waged on, until he reconciled with Rama Deva Raya, after giving his daughter in marriage. Things settled for the king after the death of the putative son in 1619.

===Loss of Kurnool===
The [[Bijapur Sultan]], taking advantage of the ravaging civil wars attacked [[Kurnool]] in 1620, but was defeated and sent back only to return in 1624 and taking that region completely.

===Yachama===
Yachama Naidu, now the military governor of the kingdom opposed the marriage of Rama Deva to Yethiraja's daughter. The king was reprimanded but he went on to marry the daughter of Yethiraja. Yachama felt the humiliation and requested Rama Deva to remove him from the royal service with the pretext of age. Yethiraja, now father-in-law of Rama Deva Raya broke into a conflict with Yachama when he demanded the Gobburi lands, and by 1629 with help from [[Tanjore]] and [[Gingee]] forces, Yachama's territories were attacked by the imperial army. Yachama's forces though inferior in number, put up a stiff fight. After a prolonged siege, Yachama agreed to return the Gobburi lands to Yethiraja. The regions of [[Pulicat]], [[Chengalpattu]] and [[Maduranthakam]] was completely brought under control of [[Vellore]]. Yachama was allowed to rule Venkatagiri but he chose to spend his life in the protection of Udaiyarpalaiyam chieftain.

==Successor==
Rama Deva Raya, with no brothers and sons nominated Peda Venkata Raya ([[Venkata III]]), grandson of [[Aliya Rama Raya]], now governing [[Anekonda]] as successor and died on 1632, aged 30 after a troublesome rule of 15 years.

==References==
* [[Velcheru Narayana Rao|Rao, Velcheru Narayana]], and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. ''Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu'' (Delhi; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998); xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps; 22 cm.; Oxford India paperbacks; Includes bibliographical references and index; {{ISBN|0-19-564399-2}}.
* Sathianathaier, R. ''History of the Nayaks of Madura'' [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar; edited for the university, with introduction and notes by [[S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar]] ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924); see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924); xvi, 403 p.; 21 cm.; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.
*K.A. Nilakanta Sastry, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, (Reprinted 2002) {{ISBN|0-19-560686-8}}.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Vijayanagar empire]]|before=[[Sriranga II]]|after=[[Venkata III]] |years=1617–1632}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raya, Rama Deva}}
[[Category:1632 deaths]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara emperors]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Telugu monarchs]]
[[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Aravidu dynasty]]

Bisalehalli

2025-04-12T16:25:11Z

ClairBoone: created a article

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bisalehalli
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| area_total_km2 = 1.1529
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 806
| population_total = 795
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Bisalehalliyavaru
| population_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| area_footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 577548
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08267
| registration_plate = KA-18
| website = {{URL|karnataka.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| area_rank =
| unit_pref = Metric
| nickname = 
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt = Bisalehalli.jpg
| image_caption = Bisalehalli map
| pushpin_map = World # Asia # India # Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|13.48|N|75.96|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[Zones of India|Zone]]
| governing_body = Bisalehalli Panchayat
| subdivision_name1 = [[South India]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of states of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Administrative Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mysore division]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chikmagaluru]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Kadur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Bisalehalli''' is a village in [[Kadur taluk]] of [[Chikmagalur district]], [[Karnataka]], India.<ref>{{Cite book|last=India. Director of Census Operations, Karnataka, issuing body, publisher. India. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/927294382|title=Census of India, 2011. district census booklet = Bhārata kī janagaṇanā, 2011. Śr̥ṅkhalā 30, Karnāṭaka : jilā janagaṇanā pustikā.|oclc=927294382}}</ref> There are some interesting features of this village. Though it is a rural area more percent of land is used by the people to settle than for agriculture and it has a railway station and other features of an urban area.

== Toponym ==
The meaning of the name kept to this village in English is the village of sunshine as sun shines more here but the real meaning hid inside this is that there is more happiness is there in that place and so people kept its name as Bisalina Halli but it evolved as Bisalehalli. But it is still in doubt whether they kept its name for the sunshine or happiness or for any other reasons.

== History ==
It is still a mystery that whether this village has a history from Ancient times itself or people migrated from Davanagere district to here ([[Sadhu Lingayats]]) and then its history has started.

== Geology ==
More than 59 percent of the total area of the village is occupied by houses. Twelve percent is land which is not good for agriculture and the remaining 29 percent is used for agriculture.

== Civic administration ==
As according to 2011 census of India, Bisalehalli is administrated by Panchayat Raj.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011 census of India, Bisalehalli has a population of 795 members of which 426 are men and 369 are women. It has 198 houses.

== Settlement area ==
In the settlement area, with houses of all people there are some other stores for the needs of people. There is a Railway Station present in the village called as, Bisalehalli Railway Station where some trains stop three times a day one time in morning at 7:30 and two times at night at 7 and 9 o'clock. There is a famous temple named Kattehole Amma temple. There is a hospital called Bisalehalli Primary Hospital. There are two schools one primary school and one high school. There is a Canara Bank present in this village.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Chikmagalur district]]

Raybag

2024-09-30T22:37:47Z

ClairBoone:

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{distinguish|text=the panchayat village in Raybag taluk, [[Raibag (village)]]}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Raybag
| other_name = Raibag
| nickname =
| settlement_type = taluka
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.48|N|74.78|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Belgaum district|Belgaum]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Nagar Palika]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 590
| population_total = 18,984
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 591317
| registration_plate = KA23
| website = {{URL|http://www.raibagtown.mrc.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Raybag''' is a taluka in [[Belgaum district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]]. Its name is based on the words "Rai" and "bagh", meaning the king's (Rai's) garden (bagh).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/karnataka-elections-raibag-assembly-constituency-2609128.html|title=Karnataka elections: Raibag Assembly constituency|work=oneindia.com|access-date=2018-08-01|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
Raybag is located at {{Coord|16.48|N|74.78|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Raybag.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Raybag]</ref> It has an average elevation of 590 [[metre]]s (1935 [[foot (length)|feet]]).
Famous for its rich agriculture produce of banana and sugarcane, this place is underdeveloped. It has a very old railway station which was built during the [[British Raj]] to keep control on this territory which they used for military administrating office.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Raybag had a population of 18,984. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Raybag has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 60%. In Raybag, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Cities and towns in Belagavi district]]

{{Raybag-geo-stub}}

Priyal Mahajan

2024-04-22T07:12:33Z

ClairBoone: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Molkki#Main]]

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