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Uttarpara Assembly constituency

2026-05-08T12:17:02Z

ChaseBruns: New new article!

{{Short description|Constituency of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly, in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Uttarpara
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Uttarpara.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Uttarpara Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Dipanjan Chakraborty]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sreerampur Lok Sabha constituency|Sreerampur]]
| constituency_no = 185
| established = 1951
| electors = 216,312
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Uttarpara Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Hooghly district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

{{Pie chart
| value1 = 57.89
| value2 = 21.05
| value3 = 15.79
| value4 = 5.26
| label1 = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of India (Marxist) (11 times)]]
| label2 = [[Trinamool Congress |Trinamool Congress (4 times)]]
| label3 = [[Communist Party of India| Communist Party of India (3 times)]]
| label4 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party |''' Bharatiya Janata Party ''' (1 time)]]
| color1 = Dark red
| color2 = Light green
| color3 = Red
| color4 = Orange
| caption = Most Successful parties from Uttarpara Assembly Constituency Since 1951
}}

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 185 Uttarpara Assembly constituency is composed of the following: [[Uttarpara Kotrung Municipality]], [[Konnagar Municipality]] and Nabagram, Kanaipur, Raghunathpur [[gram panchayat]]s of [[Sreerampur Uttarpara]] [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 | access-date=15 July 2015|work = West Bengal| publisher= Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Uttarpara Assembly constituency is part of No. 27 [[Sreerampur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="5"|Monoranjan Hazra
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=9}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|rowspan="6"|Santasri Chatterjee
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Jyoti Krishna Chattopadhyay
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Swaraj Mukherjee
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|-
|2003^
|Jyoti Krishna Chattopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Srutinath Praharaj
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Anup Ghoshal
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Prabir Kumar Ghosal]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Kanchan Mullick]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Dipanjan Chakraborty
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

* ^ by-election

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Uttarpara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = Dipanjan Chakraborty
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 80,612
|percentage = 39.24
|change = {{increase}}10.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Sirsanya Bandopadhyay
|votes = 70,197
|percentage = 34.17
|change = {{decrease}}12.79
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Minakshi Mukherjee]]
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|votes = 49,820
|percentage = 24.25
|change = {{increase}}2.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Subrata Mukhopadhyay
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 1,764
|percentage = 0.86
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = 1,722
|percentage = 0.84
|change = {{decrease}}0.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Tapan Chowdhuri
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|votes = 344
|percentage = 0.17
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 10,415
|percentage = 5.07
|change = {{decrease}}6.59
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,05,454
|percentage = 90.00
|change = {{increase}}13.06
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Uttarpara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Kanchan Mullick]]
|votes = 93,878
|percentage = 46.96
|change = {{increase}}2.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Prabir Kumar Ghosal]]
|votes = 57,889
|percentage = 28.96
|change = {{increase}}16.44
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rajat Banerjee
|votes = 42,718
|percentage = 21.37
|change = {{decrease}}17.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 3,353
|percentage = 1.68
|change = {{decrease}}0.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Sourav Roy
|votes = 1,223
|percentage = 0.61
|change = {{down}}0.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ranjan Mukherjee
|votes = 833
|percentage = 0.42
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 35,989
|percentage = 18.00
|change = {{increase}}11.66
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,99,894
|percentage = 76.94
|change = {{decrease}}1.17
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Uttarpara<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=185|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163917/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=185| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Uttarpara| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 May 2011}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Prabir Kumar Ghosal]]
|votes = 84,918
|percentage = 44.89
|change = {{decrease}}14.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Srutinath Praharaj
|votes = 72,918
|percentage = 38.55
|change = {{increase}}3.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Krishna Bhattacharjee
|votes = 23,687
|percentage = 12.52
|change = {{increase}}9.00
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above (India)
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,444
|percentage = 2.35
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Swapan Majumdar
|votes = 1,730
|percentage = 0.91
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Suvendu Biswas
|votes = 1,458
|percentage = 0.77
|change = {{new}}
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,000
|percentage = 6.34
|change = {{decrease}}18.31
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,89,155
|percentage = 78.11
|change = {{decrease}}2.62
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Uttarpara<ref name=vidhansabha2011/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=185| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163917/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=185| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 19 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Uttarpara| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 1 May 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Anup Ghosal
|votes = 1,04,753
|percentage = 59.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Srutinath Praharaj
|votes = 61,560
|percentage = 35.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pranab Chakraborty
|votes = 6,161
|percentage = 3.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|candidate = Rishikesh Singh
|votes = 2,794
|percentage = 1.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 43,193
|percentage = 24.65
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,75,268
|percentage = 80.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977-2006===
In the [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]],<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Prof. Dr. Srutinath Praharaj of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Uttarpara assembly seat, defeating Sudpita Roy of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Jyoti Krishna Chattopadhyay of CPI(M) defeated Indrajit Ghosh of Trinamool Congress in the 2003 by-poll, which was held following the demise of sitting MLA Prof. Swaraj Mukherjee. Prof. Swaraj Mukherjee of Trinamool Congress defeated Jyoti Krishna Chattopadhyay of CPI(M) in 2001.<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Jyoti Krishna Chattopadhyay of CPI(M) defeated Pabitra Gupta of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 6 February 2015}}</ref> [[Santasri Chatterjee]] of CPI(M) defeated Jagat Chatterjee of Congress in 1991<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No | publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1987,<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Sukumar Ghosh of Congress in 1982,<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and Kashinath Banerjee of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp179.htm |title =179 - Uttarpara Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 1 December 2010}}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Santasri Chatterjee of CPI(M) won in 1972<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title =General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and 1971.<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No ?|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> Monoranjan Hazra of CPI/CPI(M) won in 1969,<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> 1967,<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]],<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, AC No |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref> and in independent India's first election in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data, Assembly Constituency No. |publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hooghly topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of West Bengal}}
{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Teenmar Mallanna

2026-05-07T21:18:38Z

ChaseBruns: New new stub!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =
| image = Teenmaar Mallana.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| candidate =
| election_date =
| running_mate =
| opponent =
| incumbent =
| office = [[Telangana Legislative Council|Member of Legislative Council, Telangana]]
| predecessor = [[Palla Rajeshwar Reddy]]
| constituency = [[State legislative councils of India#Composition|Warangal–Nalgonda–Khammam Graduates]]
| term_start = 7 June 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1983|01|17|df=y}}
| birth_name = Chintapandu Naveen Kumar
| birth_place = Madhapuram Village, [[M.Turkapally|Thurkapally MandaI]], [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda District]], [[Telangana]].
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = Telangana Rajyadhikara Party
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| father = Chintapandu Bagaiah
| mother =
| relatives =
| education = ([[Osmania University]]) MBA ([[JNTUH]])
| spouse = Kondapuram Mathamma
| civil partner =
| children = 3
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|Journalist}}
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Teenmar Mallanna''' ('''Chintapandu Naveen Kumar''') (born 17 January 1983) is an Indian politician from [[Telangana]]. He was elected as [[State legislative councils of India|MLC]] in [[Telangana Legislative Council]] by election from Warangal-Nalgonda-Khammam graduate MLC constituency in June 2024.<ref name="Mallanna wins graduate MLC seat even as Rakesh Reddy gives tough fight">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |date=8 June 2024 |title=Mallanna wins graduate MLC seat even as Rakesh Reddy gives tough fight |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/mallanna-wins-graduate-mlc-seat-even-as-rakesh-reddy-gives-tough-fight/article68266989.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611114230/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/mallanna-wins-graduate-mlc-seat-even-as-rakesh-reddy-gives-tough-fight/article68266989.ece |archivedate=11 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

He was a presenter of a satirical news bulletin "Teenmaar News" on V6 news channel during the Telangana agitation, and popularly known by his screen name Teenmaar Mallanna.

== Political career ==
Teenmar Mallanna contested as Congress party candidate from Warangal-Nalgonda-Khammam graduate MLC constituency in 2015 and finished third with BJP in second place and TRS candidate [[Palla Rajeshwar Reddy]] being the winner. He later contested unsuccessfully in Huzurnagar Assembly bypoll in 2019 and lost deposit, after the resignation of sitting MLA [[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy|N Uttam Kumar Reddy]] following his election to the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="Meet 'Teenmaar Mallanna,' the journalist taking on TRS and Cong in Huzurnagar bye-poll">{{cite news|last1=The News Minute|title=Meet 'Teenmaar Mallanna,' the journalist taking on TRS and Cong in Huzurnagar bye-poll|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-teenmaar-mallanna-journalist-taking-trs-and-cong-huzurnagar-bye-poll-110184|accessdate=19 July 2021|date=9 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719064445/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/meet-teenmaar-mallanna-journalist-taking-trs-and-cong-huzurnagar-bye-poll-110184|archivedate=19 July 2021|language=en|work=|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2021 Warangal-Nalgonda-Khammam graduate MLC elections Mallanna contested as Independent candidate and secured 83,520 votes, while TRS candidate [[Palla Rajeshwar Reddy]] remained victorious with 1,11,090 votes and won by a majority of 12,806 votes.<ref name="Teenmar show: Mallanna dances up a vote storm">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=20 March 2021 |title=Teenmar show: Mallanna dances up a vote storm |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/teenmar-show-mallanna-dances-up-a-vote-storm/articleshow/81595253.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611122812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/teenmar-show-mallanna-dances-up-a-vote-storm/articleshow/81595253.cms |archivedate=11 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Palla Rajeshwar retains seat">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1= |date=20 March 2021 |title=Palla Rajeshwar retains seat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/palla-rajeshwar-retains-seat/article34121121.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611122806/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/palla-rajeshwar-retains-seat/article34121121.ece |archivedate=11 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Teenmaar Mallanna has joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] on 8 November 2023 in the presence of AICC Telangana Incharge [[Manikrao Thakare]], TPCC Working President [[Bomma Mahesh Kumar Goud|Mahesh Kumar Goud]]<ref name="Mallanna joins Congress">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=9 November 2023 |title=Mallanna joins Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mallanna-joins-congress/articleshow/105082234.cms |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123608/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/mallanna-joins-congress/articleshow/105082234.cms |archivedate=11 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Teenmar Mallanna joins Congress party">{{cite news |last1=Telangana Today |first1= |date=8 November 2023 |title=Teenmar Mallanna joins Congress party |url=https://telanganatoday.com/teenmar-mallanna-joins-congress-party |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611123744/https://telanganatoday.com/teenmar-mallanna-joins-congress-party |archivedate=11 June 2024 |accessdate=11 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> and later he was appointed Campaign Committee Convenor for [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023 Telangana Assembly Elections]].{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Teenmar Mallanna was named as Congress Candidate for 2024 Warangal-Nalgonda-Khammam graduate MLC bypoll which was held in 2024. The MLC by-election was necessitated by the resignation of sitting BRS MLC [[Palla Rajeshwar Reddy|Palla Rajeswar Reddy]] as he was elected to the [[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|Telangana Legislative Assembly]] held in December 2023. Mallanna was elected as an MLC as he got the highest number of votes among all the contestants, as no candidate crossed the magic figure of 1,55,095 after the first preference votes.<ref name="Cong nominee Teenmaar Mallanna wins Grad MLC bypoll">{{cite news |last1=The Times of India |date=8 June 2024 |title=Cong nominee Teenmaar Mallanna wins Grad MLC bypoll |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cong-nominee-teenmaar-mallanna-wins-grad-mlc-bypoll/articleshow/110814692.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611115252/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cong-nominee-teenmaar-mallanna-wins-grad-mlc-bypoll/articleshow/110814692.cms |archive-date=11 June 2024 |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="Mallanna win in Graduate MLC elections with second priority votes">{{cite news |last1=Deccan Chronicle |first1= |date=8 June 2024 |title=Mallanna win in Graduate MLC elections with second priority votes |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/news/mallanna-win-in-graduate-mlc-elections-with-second-priority-votes-897898 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611115346/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/news/mallanna-win-in-graduate-mlc-elections-with-second-priority-votes-897898 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |access-date=11 June 2024 |work= |language=en}}</ref>

Mallanna criticized and burned the caste survey report released by the Telangana government in February and later Disciplinary Action Committee (DCA) of [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]] (TPCC) issued him a show cause notice indulging in anti-party activities and asked him to submit his explanation on or before February 12. But the DAC has not received any explanation from him and he was dismissed from the Congress party on 1 March 2025.<ref name="Teenmaar Mallanna suspended from Congress for anti-party activities">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Teenmaar Mallanna suspended from Congress for anti-party activities |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/teenmaar-mallanna-suspended-from-congress-for-anti-party-activities/article69278252.ece |access-date=1 March 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=1 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301183638/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/teenmaar-mallanna-suspended-from-congress-for-anti-party-activities/article69278252.ece |archive-date=1 March 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Cong suspends MLC Teenmar Mallanna for anti-party activities">{{cite news |title=Cong suspends MLC Teenmar Mallanna for anti-party activities |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cong-suspends-mlc-teenmar-mallanna-for-anti-party-activities/articleshow/118653642.cms |access-date=1 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=1 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250301184346/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/cong-suspends-mlc-teenmar-mallanna-for-anti-party-activities/articleshow/118653642.cms |archive-date=1 March 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallanna, Teenmar}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:People from Nalgonda district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Telangana Legislative Council]]

Damayanti Joshi

2026-05-05T18:19:32Z

ChaseBruns: Adding a info

{{Short description|Indian dancer (1928–2004)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox dancer
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1928|09|05}}
| image = Damayanti_Joshi_dancer.jpg
| caption = dancing
| birth_place =[[Mumbai]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2004|09|19|1928|09|05}}
| death_place =[[Mumbai]], India
| occupation =dancer, choreographer, dance instructor
| dances = [[Kathak]]
}}

'''Damayanti Joshi''' (5 September 1928 – 19 September 2004)<ref name="sa">{{cite web|url=http://www.learnkathak.com/kathakfaq.htm |title=Kathak FAQ: Short notes on the popular Kathak dancers |publisher=Nupur Nritya – Sangeet Academy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414024300/http://www.learnkathak.com/kathakfaq.htm |archive-date=14 April 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> was a noted renowned exponent of the [[Kathak]] dance form.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Damayanti Joshi {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/damayanti-joshi|access-date=2021-10-07|website=filmsdivision.org|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007194242/https://filmsdivision.org/shop/damayanti-joshi|url-status=dead}}</ref> She believed Kathak is the art of storytelling.<ref name=":0" /> She began in the 1930s dancing in Madame Menaka's troupe, which travelled to many parts of the world. She learnt Kathak from Sitaram Prasad of [[Jaipur Gharana]] and became an adept dancer at a very young age, and later trained under from Acchan Maharaj, [[Lacchu Maharaj]] and [[Shambhu Maharaj]] of [[Lucknow gharana]], thus imbibing nuances from both the traditions. She became independent in the 1950s and achieved prominence in the 1960s, before turning into a guru at her dance school in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kothari|first=Sunil |author-link=Sunil Kothari|title=Kathak, Indian classical dance art|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|page=188}}</ref><ref>Massey, p. 64</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Banerji|first=Projesh |title=Kathak dance through ages|year=1983|publisher=Humanities Press|page=45}}</ref>

She received the [[Padma Shri]] in 1970, the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for Dance in 1968, and had remained Director of the U.P. Kathak Kendra in Lucknow.<ref name="hti"/>

==Early life and training==
Born in a [[Hindu]] family in Mumbai in 1928,<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=Rekha |title=Cultural profiles, (Volume 2)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkbRAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Damayanti+Joshi%22+-inpublisher:icon|year=1961|publisher=Inter-National Cultural Centre|page=17}}</ref> she grew up in the household of General Dr Sahib Singh Sokhey and his wife Leila Sokhey (born Roy) who became known as [[Madame Menaka]].<ref name=culture>[http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=5159 Giants Who Reawakened Indian Dance], Kusam Joshi, 2011, Hinduism Today, Retrieved 5 September 2016</ref> Manaka had lost her own child and she had decided to adopt Joshi. Joshi's mother Vatsala Joshi would not give up her daughter and they agreed to be joint guardians.<ref name="hta"/> Initially performed in temples.<ref name=":0" />In Manaka's troupe she learnt about [[Kathak]] from Pandit Sitaram Prasad as she toured in Menaka's troupe. After ten years, when she was 15 she had performed in European major cities. The Sokheys employed Damayanti's mother and Joshi received an education.<ref name="hti">{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2005/09/18/stories/2005091800360500.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121111044414/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2005/09/18/stories/2005091800360500.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 November 2012|title=TRIBUTE: A life of intricate rhythms|date=18 September 2005|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lakshmi|first=C. S. |author2=Roshan G. Shahani|title=Damayanti, Menaka's daughter: a biographical note based on the Visual History Workshop, February 15, 1998 Issue 8 of Publication (SPARROW)|year=1998|publisher=SPARROW|page=11}}</ref><ref name="hta">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/lr/2004/11/07/stories/2004110700280400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050325212935/http://www.hindu.com/lr/2004/11/07/stories/2004110700280400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2005|title=A life dedicated to dance|last=Lakshmi|first=C.S.|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=7 November 2004}}</ref> Among her contemporaries at Madame Menaka's was [[Shirin Vajifdar]], a pioneering classical dancer from the [[Parsi]] community.<ref name=wire1>{{cite news|newspaper=The Wire|url=https://thewire.in/183843/remembering-shirin-vajifdar-dancer/|title=Remembering Shirin Vajifdar – Pioneer in All Schools of Dance|last=Kothari|first=Sunil|date=3 October 2017|access-date=4 October 2017}}</ref>

She was the first student at Mumbai's Sri Rajarajeswari Bharata Natya Kala Mandir, where she learned [[Bharat Natyam]] from Guru T. K. Mahalingam Pillai, doyen among [[nattuvanar]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/03/stories/2003010301520800.htm|title=Life dedicated to dance|date=3 January 2003|work=The Hindu|access-date=13 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202113401/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/fr/2003/01/03/stories/2003010301520800.htm|archive-date=2 December 2008|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Career==
After the mid-1950s, Damayanti established herself as a successful solo [[Kathak]] dancer, taking training from [[Pandit]]s, Achhan Maharaj, [[Lachhu Maharaj]] and [[Shambhu Maharaj]] of the [[Lucknow]] gharana and [[Guru]] Hiralal of the [[Jaipur]] gharana. Particularly, at [[Kathak Kendra]], Delhi, she trained under Shambhu Maharaj.<ref>{{cite book|last=Massey|first=Reginald |title=India's kathak dance, past present, future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFXkPk3zMeYC&q=%22Damayanti+Joshi%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=RA1-PA29|year=1999|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-374-4|page=29}}</ref> She was the first person to introduce "[[Saree]]" as a costume in Kathak dance.

She also taught Kathak at Indira Kala Vishvaidyalaya, Khairagarh, and Kathak Kendra in Lucknow. She has been honoured with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] (1968) and the [[Padma Shri]] (1970).<ref>{{cite web|title=Padma Awards |publisher=[[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)|Ministry of Communications and Information Technology]] |url=http://india.gov.in/myindia/padma_awards.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710123059/http://india.gov.in/myindia/padma_awards.php |archive-date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> She was also the guru to Bireshwar Gautam.

She has been featured in the documentary on Kathak in 1971 by Films Division, Government of India, and another film entitled "Damayanti Joshi" directed by Hukumat Sarin was made in 1973.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Damayanti Joshi died in Mumbai at her home on Sunday, September 19, 2004. She had been ailing and was bed-ridden for almost one year after she suffered a stroke attack.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obit / Profile - Damayanti Joshi passes away|url=https://narthaki.com/info/profiles/profil45.html|access-date=2021-10-07|website=narthaki.com}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Madame Menaka'', by Damayanti Joshi. Sangeet Natak Akademi, 1989.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}
* ''Rediscovering India, Indian philosophy library: Kathak dance through ages, by Projesh Banerji, Damayanti Joshi''. Cosmo publications, 1990.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

==See also==
*[[List of Kathak dancers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joshi, Damayanti}}
[[Category:Kathak dancers]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2004 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Teachers of Indian classical dance]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Women educators from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian dance teachers]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]
[[Category:Dancers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Women artists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Educators from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]

Thottambedu mandal

2026-05-03T14:33:38Z

ChaseBruns: New new details

{{one source|date=March 2026}}
{{Short description|Mandal in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Thottambedu mandal
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|Revenue division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Srikalahasti revenue division|Srikalahasti]]
| subdivision_type4 = Headquarters
| subdivision_name4 = [[Thottambedu]]
| mapframe = yes
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +05:30
}}

'''Thottambedu mandal''' is one of the 36 [[mandal]]s in [[Tirupati district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is a part of [[Srikalahasti revenue division]].
==History==
The mandal used to be a part of [[Chittoor district]] and was made part of the newly formed Tirupati district on 4 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}{{Failed verification|date=March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-04 |title=Heavy rain lashes easternmandals of Chittoor dist. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/heavy-rain-lashes-easternmandals-of-chittoor-dist/article33253567.ece |access-date=2022-04-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Mandals in Tirupati district]]

{{Tirupati district}}

{{AndhraPradesh-geo-stub}}

Bagseu

2026-05-01T20:29:00Z

ChaseBruns: Adding Stub

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bagseu
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption = Bagseu (India)
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.5940|N|73.8058|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 18.28
| population_total = 2056
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 November 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Bagseu''' is a village located in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil of [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], India.

People residing in this village rely on agriculture, consists both irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Census, conducted by the [[Government of India]], the population of this village was 2,056, out of which 1,110 were males and 946 were females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Bagseu village as per 2011-Census, conducted by Government of India. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69710-bagseu-rajasthan.html |access-date= 18 November 2024}}</ref>
The literacy rate was 54.35%.

Inhabitants of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Bagseu village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Bagseu Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the most spoken language here.
[[Hindi Language|Hindi]], and [[English Language|English]] are officially used languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Bagseu village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97|value2=2.5|value3=0.5|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Bagseu village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

Pin Code (Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 334802.

==Transportation==
Transport facilities in this village are good. At present, railway transportation facilities are not available. Inhabitants need to travel to another cities.

==See also==
*[[Dudawas]]
*[[Gajsukhdesar]]
*[[Jasrasar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

Huseyn Suhrawardy

2026-04-30T03:39:30Z

ChaseBruns: stub

{{Short description|Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 to 1957}}
{{Distinguish|Hasan Shahid Suhrawardy}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
| native_name = {{ubl|{{lang|ban|{{nobold|হোসেন শহীদ সোহরাওয়ার্দী}}}}|{{lang|ur|{{nobold|حسین شہید سہروردی}}}}}}
| image = Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy.png
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Formal portrait, {{circa|1945}}
| order = 5th
| office = Prime Minister of Pakistan
| term_start = 12 September 1956
| term_end = 17 October 1957
| president = [[Iskandar Ali Mirza]]
| predecessor = [[Chaudhry Mohammad Ali]]
| successor = [[I. I. Chundrigar]]
| office1 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)|Leader of the Opposition of Pakistan]]
| term_start1 = 7 July 1955
| term_end1 = 11 September 1956
| leader1 = [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]] [[Chaudhri Muhammad Ali]]
| predecessor1 = [[Dhirendranath Datta]]
| successor1 = [[I. I. Chundrigar]]
| office2 = 3rd [[Prime Minister of Bengal]]
| term_start2 = 23 April 1946
| term_end2 = 14 August 1947
| monarch2 = [[George VI]]
| governor_general2 = [[Earl Wavell]] [[Earl Mountbatten]]
| predecessor2 = Sir [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]
| successor2 = ''Position abolished'' ([[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] as Chief Minister of [[East Bengal]]) ([[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]] as Premier of [[West Bengal]])
| office3 = [[All-Pakistan Awami League|President of Pakistan Awami League]]
| predecessor3 = [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]]
| successor3 = [[Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish]]
| 1blankname3 = General Secretary
| 1namedata3 = [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]]
| term_start3 = 27 July 1956
| term_end3 = 10 October 1957
| birth_date = {{birth date|1892|9|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Midnapore]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1963|12|5|1892|9|8|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]]
| resting_place = [[Mausoleum of Three Leaders]]
| citizenship = [[British India]] {{small|(until 1947)}} [[Pakistani]] {{small|(since 1947)}}
| party = [[National Democratic Front (Pakistan)|National Democratic Front]] (1962–1963)
| other_party = [[All-Pakistan Awami League]] (1950–1958) [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Pakistan Muslim League]] (1947–1949) [[All-India Muslim League]] (1926–1947) [[Swaraj Party]] (1922–1926) 
| spouse = {{marriage|Begum Niaz Fatima|1920|1922|end=died}} {{marriage|[[Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder]]|1940|1951|end=div}}
| children = [[Begum Akhtar Sulaiman]] (daughter) [[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]] (son)
| father = [[Zahid Suhrawardy]]
| mother = [[Khujista Akhtar Banu|Khujastha Akhtar Banu]]
| relatives = [[Suhrawardy family]],
[[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]] (brother) [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]] (cousin) [[Naz Ikramullah]] (cousin) [[Salma Sobhan]] (cousin) [[Princess Sarvath El Hassan]] (cousin) [[Shahida Jamil]] (granddaughter)
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in [[Mathematics|Maths]], [[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[Arabic language|Arabic lang.]])}} [[St Catherine's College, Oxford]] {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]] in [[Political Science|Polysci]] and [[Bachelor of Civil Law|BCL]])}}
| profession = Lawyer, politician
}}
{{Independence of Bangladesh}}
'''Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy'''{{efn|{{langx|bn|হোসেন শহীদ সোহরাওয়ার্দী|Hōsēn Śôhīd Sōhrāōẏārdī}}, {{IPA|bn|ˈɦoˌsen ˈʃoɦiːd ˈsoɦˌraˌwaɾdi|pron}} {{langx|ur|حسین شہید سہروردی|Hussain Śahīd Suhrvardī}}, {{IPA|ur|ɦʊˈseːn ʃəˈhiːd soːɦrəˈʋərdi|pron}}}} (8 September 1892{{snd}}5 December 1963) was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as the fifth [[prime minister of Pakistan]] from 1956 to 1957 and before that as the [[prime minister of Bengal]] from 1946 to 1947. He is regarded as a patron of a [[Two-Nation Theory|separate homeland]] for [[Islam in South Asia|South Asian Muslims]], for which he is revered as one of the [[List of Pakistan Movement activists|leading founding statesmen]] of Pakistan; and also as the pioneer of the [[Bengali language movement|Bengali civil rights movement]] in Bangladesh.

Born in 1892 at [[Midnapore|Midnapore, Bengal]], Suhrawardy was a scion of one of Bengal's most prominent Muslim families, the [[Suhrawardy family|Suhrawardys]]. He studied law at the [[University of Oxford]], and joined the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]] during the 1920s as a trade union leader in [[Calcutta]], initially associated with the [[Swaraj Party]]. He joined the [[All-India Muslim League]] and became one of the leaders of its [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League|Bengal branch]]. Suhrawardy was elected to the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]] in 1937 and led the Muslim League to decisively win the [[Indian provincial elections, 1946|1946 provincial general election]] in Bengal, serving as the last prime minister of Bengal until the [[partition of India]]. His premiership was notable for his proposal to create a [[United Bengal|separate and united Bengal]] — supported by the Muslim League but opposed by the [[Indian National Congress]] — and failing to prevent the [[Great Calcutta Killings]].<ref name="ie7Feb2020">{{cite news |author=Neha Banka |date=7 February 2020 |title=Streetwise Kolkata: Suhrawardy Avenue... no, not named after the 'Butcher Of Bengal' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/streetwise-kolkata-suhrawardy-avenue-no-not-named-after-the-butcher-of-bengal-6255737/ |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="Jalal1994p265">{{cite book |author=Ayesha Jalal |author-link=Ayesha Jalal |year=1994 |title=The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C&pg=PA265 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=265 |isbn=978-0-521-45850-4 |quote=The Hindu Mahasabha's demand for partition ... Suhrawardy's only hope was ... asking for {{not a typo|an}} united and independent Bengal. Paradoxically he had a greater chance of getting Jinnah's endorsement for this scheme than of getting it ratified by the Congress High Command ... Jinnah told Mountbatten ... 'What is the use of Bengal without Calcutta; they had better remain united and independent.'}}</ref><ref name="Chatterjee2010"/><ref name="Dutta2003"/> In 1947, the Bengal Assembly voted to partition the province. Suhrawardy briefly remained in India after partition to attend to his ailing father and manage his family's property. He eventually moved to Pakistan and divided his time between [[Karachi]] (Pakistan's federal capital) and [[Dhaka]] (capital of [[East Pakistan]]).

In Dhaka, Suhrawardy emerged as the leader of the [[Bengali people|Bengali]]-dominated [[All-Pakistan Awami League|Awami League]] which became the principal opposition party to the [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Pakistan Muslim League]]. In 1956, the Awami League formed a [[coalition government]] with the [[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican Party]] to unseat the Muslim League. Suhrawardy became prime minister in the coalition government, forging stronger ties with the [[United States]] by leading Pakistan's diplomacy in [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]]. He also became the first Pakistani premier to travel to [[History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)|Communist China]]. His pro-US foreign policy caused a split in the Awami League in [[East Pakistan]], with [[Maulana Bhashani]] forming the break-away pro-[[Maoism|Maoist]] [[National Awami Party]]. Suhrawardy's premiership lasted for a year. His central cabinet included figures like [[Feroz Khan Noon]] as [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)|foreign minister]] and [[Abul Mansur Ahmad]] as [[Ministry of Commerce (Pakistan)|trade minister]]. [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] was considered Suhrawardy's chief political protégé.<ref name="BS">{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2019/12/06/an-unlikely-partnership-bangabandhu-and-suhrawardy |title=An unlikely partnership: Bangabandhu and Suhrawardy |date=6 December 2019 |work=Dhaka Tribune |type=opinion}}</ref>

Suhrawardy was premier under Pakistan's first [[1956 Constitution of Pakistan|republican constitution]] and also the mastermind of The [[Direct Action Day]] of 16 August 1946. The [[Noakhali riots]] also saw the genocide of Bengali Hindus during which Suhrawardy tried to keep the news of the atrocities from the media and for either planning the massacre or failing to take action to stop it.<ref>{{cite web | title=Legacy of Midnapore(Medinipur, Midnapur, Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur, East Midnapore, West Midnapore)| website=MIDNAPORE | date=2012-06-23 | url=https://www.midnapore.in/people/huseyn_shaheed_suhrawardy.html | access-date=2025-09-19}}</ref> During the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état|1958 military coup]], Suhrawardy was arrested by the military government, due to which he missed the wedding of his niece, [[Salma Sobhan]], Pakistan's first woman barrister.<ref name="SS">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/remembering-salma-sobhan-57453 |title=Remembering Salma Sobhan |date=29 December 2014 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> He founded the [[National Democratic Front (Pakistan)|National Democratic Front]] in 1962 as a political alliance to oppose the military regime of [[Ayub Khan]] but died one year later in [[Beirut]] due to a heart attack. After his death, the Awami League veered towards [[Bengali nationalism]] and launched the [[Six point movement|6-point movement]], ultimately leading to a [[Bangladesh Liberation War|civil war in East Pakistan]] and secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan in 1971.

Suhrawardy is also remembered for his role as the Minister for Civil Supply during the [[Bengal famine of 1943]].<ref name="Chatterjee2010">{{cite book |author=Pranab Chatterjee |title=A Story of Ambivalent Modernization in Bangladesh and West Bengal: The Rise and Fall of Bengali Elitism in South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAR1D0Wi2rsC |access-date=10 August 2021 |year=2010 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-0820-4 |page=219}}</ref><ref name="Dutta2003">{{cite book |author=Krishna Dutta |title=Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKfoHi5412UC |access-date=10 August 2021 |year=2003 |publisher=Signal Books |isbn=978-1-902669-59-5 |page=163}}</ref><ref name="BS"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Unfinished Memoirs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTmywwEACAAJ |date=November 2013 |publisher=University Press Limited, Bangladesh |isbn=978-984-506-111-7}}</ref> In India's [[West Bengal]], he is seen as the '''Butcher of Bengal''' and mastermind behind the Direct Action Day; directly responsible for the [[Direct Action Day|1946 Calcutta killings]].<ref name="Bhave1995">{{cite book |author=Y.G. Bhave |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye3VUMLhaz8C&pg=PA9 |title=The First Prime Minister of India |publisher=Northern Book Centre |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7211-061-1 |pages=9–}}</ref><ref name="Hyde">{{cite journal |author=Tomasz Flasinski |title=Dr. Jekyll, Mr Hyde or Bengali Hamlet? Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy as the last Prime Minister of undivided Bengal|url=https://journals.pan.pl/Content/118024/PDF/ROrient%2073%20z.%202-20%204Flasi%C5%84ski.pdf?handler=pdf |journal=Journals PAS}}</ref><ref name="Nayar2014">{{cite book |author=M K K Nayar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EvGvDQAAQBAJ |title=Story of an Era Told Without Ill-will |date=24 February 2014 |publisher=DC Books |isbn=978-93-81699-33-1 |page=113 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="ie7Feb2020"/> Suhrawardy's only daughter [[Begum Akhtar Sulaiman]] was a social worker and activist in Pakistan; his son, [[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]], from his second marriage to [[Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder]], was a British actor known for his role in the film ''[[Jinnah (film)|Jinnah]]''. His brother [[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]] was a diplomat, writer and art-critic. Many places in South Asia bear his name, including an avenue in [[Islamabad]], a [[Suhrawardy Udyan|large park]] near his [[Mausoleum of three leaders|mausoleum]] in Dhaka, and streets, dormitories and memorials across Bangladesh. The Suhrawardy family home in [[Kolkata]] has been leased as a Library and Information Centre to the [[Bangladesh–India relations|Bangladesh High Commission in India]] by the city's [[waqf]] board.

==Family and early life==
[[File:Gray's inn zz.JPG|thumb|Suhrawardy was called to the [[Bar of England and Wales]] at [[Gray's Inn]]]]
The [[Suhrawardy family]] are regarded as one of the illustrious families of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Claiming themselves as descendants of the [[Abu Bakr|first caliph of Islam]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNAQcoVqoMC&pg=PA81 |title=Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947 |last=Chatterji |first=Joya |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52328-8 |location=Cambridge, UK |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>{{rp|81}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy |title=Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy–Former Prime Minister of Pakistan |date=22 October 2013 |website=Story of Pakistan |publisher=Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust |location=Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> the Suhrawardy lineage is traced to [[Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi]], a [[Sufi]] who lived in [[Baghdad]] during the 12th century. The [[Suhrawardiyya]] order is one of the major [[Sunni]] orders of [[Sufism]]. His grandfather, [[Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy|Ubaidullah Al-Ubaidi Suhrawardy]], was a [[Dhaka]]-based Sufi leader of the [[Bengali Renaissance]] and is buried beside [[Lalbagh Fort]].<ref name="SB">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/the-unforgettable-suhrawardys-bengal-1991705 |title=The Unforgettable Suhrawardys of Bengal |date=9 November 2020 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> His father Justice Sir [[Zahid Suhrawardy]] was a Judge of the [[Calcutta High Court]]. His brother [[Hasan Shaheed Suhrawardy]] was a linguist, poet, art-critic and diplomat. His uncles included Lieutenant Colonel [[Hassan Suhrawardy]] and Sir [[Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy]]. His cousin [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]] was one of South Asia's pioneering women in public service. His first wife was Begum Niaz Fatima, the daughter of [[Abdur Rahim (judge)|Justice Sir Abdur Rahim]], a member of the Governor's Executive Council and Speaker of the [[Central Legislative Assembly]]. Begum Niaz Fatima died in 1922.<ref name="HS">{{Cite web |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy |title=Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy | Making Britain |website=www.open.ac.uk}}</ref> His second wife was Begum [[Vera Alexandrovna Tiscenko Calder|Vera Suhrawardy]], a Russian actress of Polish descent.

A young Huseyn studied in [[Calcutta Madrasa]] and attended [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]] where he earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Memoirs of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy with a Brief Account of His Life and Work |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-547722-1 |editor-last=Talukdar |editor-first=Mohammad Habibur Rahman |edition=2nd |page=6 |quote=Later he entered the Calcutta Aliya Madrasah and graduated with honours in science from St Xavier's College. |orig-year=First published 1987}}</ref><ref name="Juned Ahmed Choudhury">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ua3y6g7IHMAC&q=Huseyn+Suhrawardy+St+Xavier&pg=PA90 |title=Abdul Matin Chaudhury (1895–1948): Trusted Lieutenant of Mohammad Ali Jinnah |last=Shibly |first=Atful Hye |date=2011 |publisher=Juned Ahmed Choudhury |isbn=9789843323231 |page=90 |access-date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Both Huseyn and his elder brother Hasan studied in [[St Catherine's College, Oxford]]. They entertained themselves with [[D. H. Lawrence]], Robert Trevelyn, [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Hugh Kingsmill]], [[Basanta Kumar Mullick]], Kiran Shankar Roy, Apurba Chanda, Sri Prakash, S K Gupta, Surendra Kumar Sen, and [[Syud Hossain]].<ref name="SB"/> The elder Suhrawardy (Hasan) was in Oxford when Bengali poet [[Rabindranath Tagore]] became the first Asian to win a [[Nobel Prize]] in 1913. His brother Hasan later recounted that "it is difficult now for me to recapture the elation and the ecstasy of those days, but I remember distinctly that look of awe which was in my landlady's eyes when she brought in the breakfast with the morning newspaper containing the scoop".<ref name="SB"/> Suhrawardy obtained further degrees, including a [[Bachelor of Civil Law]] from Oxford and a [[Master of Arts]] in Arabic from Calcutta. Suhrawardy became a [[barrister]]. He was called to the [[Bar of England and Wales]] through [[Gray's Inn]] in 1922–23.<ref name="I.B.Tauris, Chakrabarti, 1990">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDEOwyZazkQC&pg=PA178 |title=Subhas Chandra Bose and Middle Class Radicalism: A Study in Indian Nationalism, 1928–1940 |last=Chakrabarti |first=Bidyut |date=1990 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=978-1-85043-149-7 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=225 |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref>

His first son Shahab died of pneumonia.<ref name="HS"/> His second son [[Robert Ashby|Rashid Suhrawardy]] was a British theatre actor. Rashid starred in the film ''[[Jinnah (film)|Jinnah]]'' along with [[Christopher Lee]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2019/02/11/the-curtain-falls-for-rashed-suhrawardy |title=The curtain falls for Rashid Suhrawardy |date=11 February 2019 |work=Dhaka Tribune |type=opinion}}</ref> His granddaughter [[Shahida Jamil]] served as Pakistan's law minister. His nieces include [[Princess Sarvath al-Hassan]] of the [[Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]]; the late Bangladeshi barrister [[Salma Sobhan]]; and the film-maker Naz Ikramullah.

==Early political career (1924-1937)==
[[File:Sahed Suhrawardy.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|255x255px|Suhrawardy, 1922]]

===Political organizer===
Suhrawardy was credited as a pioneering modern political organizer in Bengal. He created 36 [[trade union]]s among sailors, railway employees, jute and cotton mills workers, rickshaw pullers, cart drivers and other working class groups dominated by [[Bengali Muslims]].<ref name="HSS">{{Cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Suhrawardy,_Huseyn_Shaheed |title=Suhrawardy, Huseyn Shaheed |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>

===Deputy Mayor of Calcutta (1924-1926)===
Suhrawardy joined the [[Swaraj Party]] led by [[Bengali Hindu]] secularist [[Chittaranjan Das|C. R. Das]] in 1923. He became the Deputy Mayor of Calcutta in 1924.<ref name="HSS"/> After the death of Das, Suhrawardy turned to [[Indian Muslim nationalism]].<ref name="HS"/> He emerged as a leader of the [[Bengal Provincial Muslim League]] (BPML), the provincial wing of the [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]] which his father Zahid had earlier helped create in 1912.

===Bengali Muslim groups===
Suhrawardy formed several Bengali Muslim political groups, including the [[Khilafat Movement|Calcutta Khilafat Committee]] during the 1920s amid the dissolution of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman caliphate]] and the [[Turkish War of Independence]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/turkey-bangladesh-relations-growing-partnership-between-two-friendly-nations |title=Turkey-Bangladesh Relations: A Growing Partnership between Two Friendly Nations |website=Middle East Institute}}</ref> the Bengal Muslim Election Board; the United Muslim Party; and the Independent Muslim Party.<ref name="HSS"/>

== Bengal Legislative Assembly and WWII (1937-1945) ==
In 1937, Suhrawardy was elected to the newly formed [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]]. He was appointed Minister of Commerce and Labor in the cabinet of the 1st [[Prime Minister of Bengal]] [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]]. In 1940, the [[Lahore Resolution]] was adopted by Indian Muslim leaders calling for the creation of independent states in eastern and northwestern India; it was unclear if the resolution implied a single state covering the two Muslim-majority regions of India or multiple states. Suhrawardy served as Minister of Civil Supplies in the cabinet of the 2nd Prime Minister of Bengal Sir [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]. According to author [[Thomas Keneally]], Suhrawardy blamed black marketers and the central government in New Delhi for the [[Bengal famine of 1943]] during [[World War II]], and claimed he worked tirelessly on relief. Viceroy [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Lord Wavell]], however, believed that Suhrawardy was corrupt, that he "siphoned money from every project that was undertaken to ease the famine, and awarded to his associates contracts for warehousing, the sale of grain to governments, and transportation."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keneally |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Keneally |year=2011 |title=Three Famines: Starvation and Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4RZ_GOMsGmcC&pg=PA97 |publisher=PublicAffairs |page=97 |isbn=978-1-61039-065-1}}</ref> On the other hand, Indian author, Madhushree Mukherjee, laid major responsibility of this famine to British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] who wanted the ration for war efforts only and had refrained the [[Lend-Lease|U.S. aid to Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnMTgtXQqCkC&pg=PA128 |title=Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India During World War II |last=Mukerjee |first=Madhusree |date=2011 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-02481-0 |location=Edington, UK |page=128 |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> Suhrawardy was further accused of practising a [[Scorched earth|Scorched-Earth Policy]] to counter the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese Army]]'s [[Burma Campaign|advances in the East]] and supervised to burn thousand fishing boats to block any potential movement of invading Japanese Army troops.<ref name="AU">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FdeGtdlinoC&pg=PA533 |title=Autobiography |last=Prasad |first=Rajendra |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-14-306881-5 |location=Delhi, India |access-date=30 January 2018 |orig-year=First published 1946}}</ref>{{rp|533–535}} These measures aggravated starvation and famine and the relief was only ordered when [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Lord Wavell]] became the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]], using the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]] to organise relief.<ref name="AU"/> However, by that time, the winter crop had arrived and famine conditions had already eased, after millions had earlier perished.<ref name="AU"/>{{rp|534}} Calcutta's Hindu-owned newspapers had become very critical of his role and the Bengali Hindus held him directly responsible for the famine.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDNAQcoVqoMC&pg=PA230 |title=Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932–1947 |last=Chatterji |first=Joya |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52328-8 |location=Cambridge, UK |page=230 |access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref>

== Prime Minister of Bengal (1946-1947) ==
[[File:Gandhi Suhrawardy and Mujib.jpg|thumb|left|Suhrawardy and [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in Noakhali before the partition of India. A young Sheikh Mujib looks on]]
[[File:Suhrawardy and Jinnah.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]] at a rally in Calcutta, 1946]]
During the [[Indian provincial elections, 1946|1946 general election]], Suhrawardy led the Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) to a decisive victory. The Muslim League's biggest success was in Bengal where out of 119 seats for Muslims, the BPML won 113. Suhrawardy was supported by the League's chief [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] to assume the premiership of Bengal. [[Suhrawardy ministry|Suhrawardy's cabinet]] included himself as home minister; [[Mohammad Ali of Bogra]] as finance, health and local government minister; Syed Muazzemuddin Hossain as education minister; [[Ahmed Hossain]] as agriculture, forest and fisheries minister; Nagendra Nath Roy as judicial and legislative minister; Abul Fazal Muhammad Abdur Rahman as cooperatives and irrigation Minister; Abul Gofran as civil supplies minister; Tarak Nath Mukherjee as waterways minister; Fazlur Rahman as land minister; and Dwarka Nath Barury as works minister.
[[File:Suhrawardy and Gandhi.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy and Gandhi]]

=== Direct Action riots ===
{{Main|Direct Action Day}}

Suhrawardy's tenure as premier saw the [[Great Calcutta Killings]] in 1946. The Muslim League called a strike to press its demand for the [[Pakistan|creation of Pakistan]]. The strike degenerated into brutal and widespread Hindu-Muslim riots in which thousands were killed on both sides. The riots were seen by some as the last nail in the coffin for [[Hindu-Muslim unity]] in British India.

[[File:Muslim League rally on Direct Action Day.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The crowd at the Muslim League rally at the Maidan.]]
Troubles started on the morning of 16 August. Even before 10 o'clock Police Headquarters at Lalbazar had reported that there was excitement throughout the city, that shops were being forced to close, and that there were many reports of brawls, stabbing and throwing of stones and brickbats. These were mainly concentrated in the North-central parts of the city like Rajabazar, Kelabagan, College Street, Harrison Road, Colootolla and Burrabazar. In these areas the Hindus were in a majority and were also in a superior and powerful economic position. The trouble had assumed the communal character which it was to retain throughout.<ref name="Burrows">{{Cite book |last=Burrows |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick Burrows |title=Report to Viceroy Lord Wavell |publisher=The British Library IOR: L/P&J/8/655 f.f. 95, 96–107 |year=1946}}</ref>

The meeting began around 2 pm though processions of Muslims from all parts of Calcutta had started assembling since the [[Dhuhr|midday prayers]]. A large number of the participants were reported to have been armed with iron bars and ''[[Fighting stick|lathis]]'' (bamboo sticks). The numbers attending were estimated by a Central Intelligence Officer's reporter at 30,000 and by a Special Branch Inspector of Calcutta Police at 500,000. The latter figure is impossibly high and the ''Star of India'' reporter put it at about 100,000. The main speakers were Sir [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] and Chief Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy. [[Khwaja Nazimuddin]] in his speech preached peacefulness and restraint but spoilt the effect and flared up the tensions by stating that till 11 o'clock that morning all the injured persons were Muslims, and the Muslim community had only retaliated in self-defence.<ref name="Burrows"/>

The Special Branch of [[Calcutta Police]] had sent only one shorthand reporter to the meeting, with the result that no transcript of the Chief Minister's speech is available. But the Central Intelligence Officer and a reporter, who Frederick Burrows believed was reliable, deputed by the military authorities agree on one statement (not reported at all by the Calcutta Police). The version in the former's report was—"He [the Chief Minister] had seen to police and military arrangements who would not interfere".<ref name="Burrows"/> The version of the latter's was—"He had been able to restrain the military and the police".<ref name="Burrows"/> However, the police did not receive any specific order to "hold back". So, whatever Suhrawardy may have meant to convey by this, the impression of such a statement on a largely uneducated audience is construed by some to be an open invitation to disorder<ref name="Burrows"/> indeed, many of the listeners are reported to have started attacking Hindus and looting Hindu shops as soon as they left the meeting.<ref name="Burrows"/><ref name="Keay">{{cite book |last=Keay |first=John |author-link=John Keay |year=2000 |title=India: A history |publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay/page/505 505] |isbn=978-0-87113-800-2 |quote=Suhrawardy ... proclaimed a public holiday. The police too, he implied, would take the day off. Muslims, rallying ''en masse'' for speeches and processions, saw this as an invitation; they began looting and burning such Hindu shops as remained open. Arson gave way to murder, and the victims struck back ... In October the riots spread to parts of East Bengal and also to UP and Bihar ... Nehru wrung his hands in horror ... Gandhi rushed to the scene, heroically progressing through the devastated communities to preach reconciliation. |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/indiahistory00keay/page/505}}</ref> Subsequently, there were reports of lorries (trucks) that came down [[Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata|Harrison Road]] in Calcutta, carrying hardline [[Muslim]] gangsters armed with brickbats and bottles as weapons and attacking Hindu-owned shops.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bourke-White |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Bourke-White |year=1949 |title=Halfway to Freedom: A Report on the New India in the Words and Photographs of Margaret Bourke-White |publisher=Simon and Schuster |page=17 |quote=... Seven lorries that came thundering down Harrison Road. Men armed with brickbats and bottles began leaping out of the lorries—Muslim 'goondas,' or gangsters, Nanda Lal decided, since they immediately fell to tearing up Hindu shops.}}</ref>

[[File:Slums in Lichubagan, Metiabruz.jpg|thumb|200px|More than 300 [[Odia people|Oriya]] labourers of Kesoram Cotton Mills were massacred in the slums of Lichubagan, [[Metiabruz]].]]

A 6 pm curfew was imposed in the parts of the city where there had been rioting. At 8 pm forces were deployed to secure main routes and conduct patrols from those arteries, thereby freeing up police for work in the slums and the other underdeveloped sections.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tuker |first=Francis |author-link=Francis Tuker |date=1950 |title=While Memory Serves |publisher=Cassell |pages=159–160 |oclc=937426955 |quote="At 6 p.m. curfew was clamped down all over the riot-affected districts. At 8 p.m. the Area Commander ... brought in the 7th Worcesters and the Green Howards from their barracks ... [troops] cleared the main routes ... and threw out patrols to free the police for work in the ''bustees''."}}</ref>

=== United Bengal plan ===
{{Main|United Bengal}}

In [[New Delhi]] on 27 April 1947, Suhrawardy called a press conference to demand an [[Bengal Presidency|undivided, independent Bengal]]. Suhrawardy made an impassioned plea for setting aside religious differences in order to create an "independent, undivided, and sovereign Bengal".<ref name="scroll1947">{{cite web |author=Shoaib Daniyal |url=https://scroll.in/article/907754/why-did-british-prime-minister-attlee-think-bengal-was-going-to-be-an-independent-country-in-1947 |title=Why did British prime minister Attlee think Bengal was going to be an independent country in 1947? |publisher=Scroll.in |date=2019-01-06 |access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> He opposed the British government's plan to partition India's most populous province; he was supported by the [[Governor of Bengal]] [[Frederick Burrows]], [[Sarat Chandra Bose]] of the [[Indian National Congress]], [[Kiran Shankar Roy]] of the Congress Parliamentary Party, Satya Ranjan Bakshi, Secretary of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League [[Abul Hashim]], Bengal Finance Minister Mohammad Ali Chaudhury, Bengal Revenue Minister Fazlur Rahman and Tippera politician Ashrafuddin Chowdhury. Suhrawardy stated the following:-

{{Blockquote|Let us pause for a moment to consider what Bengal can be if it remains united. It will be a great country, indeed the richest and the most prosperous in India capable of giving to its people a high standard of living, where a great people will be able to rise to the fullest height of their stature, a land that will truly be plentiful. It will be rich in agriculture, rich in industry and commerce and in course of time it will be one of the powerful and progressive states of the world. If Bengal remains united this will be no dream, no fantasy.<ref name="scroll1947"/>}}

On 20 May 1947, a five-point plan was outlined for a "Free State of Bengal", echoing the legacy of the name of the [[Irish Free State]]. The plan was based on a confessionalist structure with power-sharing between Hindus and Muslims. It mirrored some of the [[Confessionalism (politics)|confessionalist]] practices adopted in [[Greater Lebanon|French Lebanon]] in 1926, where the positions of President and Prime Minister rotated among Muslims and Christians. The five-point plan stated that "On the announcement by [[UK Government|His Majesty's Government]] that the proposal of the Free State of Bengal had been accepted and that Bengal would not be partitioned, the present Bengal Ministry would be dissolved. A new interim Ministry would be brought into being, consisting of an equal number of Muslims and Hindus (including Scheduled Caste Hindus) but excluding the Prime Minister. In this Ministry, the Prime Minister would be a Muslim and the Home Minister a Hindu. Pending the final emergence of a Legislature and a Ministry under the new constitutions, Hindus (including Scheduled Caste Hindus) and Muslims would have an equal share in the Services, including military and police. The Services would be manned by Bengalis. A Constituent Assembly composed of 30 persons, 16 Muslims and 14 non-Muslims, would be elected by Muslim and non-Muslim members of the Legislature respectively, excluding Europeans".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Misra |first1=Chitta Ranjan |title=United Bengal Movement |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=United_Independent_Bengal_Movement |website=Banglapedia |publisher=Bangladesh Asiatic Society |access-date=25 April 2016}}</ref> The [[British government]] seriously considered of the option of an independent Bengal. British commercial interests in Bengal required safeguards. The [[United States]] was also briefed on the possibility of three countries emerging out of partition, including Pakistan, India, and Bengal. On 2 June 1947, [[British Prime Minister]] [[Clement Attlee]] informed the [[US Ambassador to the United Kingdom]] [[Lewis Williams Douglas]] that there was a "distinct possibility Bengal might decide against partition and against joining either Hindustan or Pakistan".<ref name="UP">{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1453994/uk-pm-attlee-believed-bengal-may-opt-to-be-a-separate-country |title=UK PM Attlee believed Bengal may opt to be a separate country - Newspaper |date=28 December 2018 |work=Dawn |access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> Douglas cabled the [[State Department]] about the matter.<ref name="UP"/>

===Partition of India===
[[File:Suhrawardy interview on Partition of India.oga|thumb|Suhrawardy's interview on Partition of India and Bengal.]]
On 20 June 1947, the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]] met to vote on the partition of Bengal. At the preliminary joint session, the assembly decided by 126 votes to 90 that if it remained united it should join the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]. Later, a separate meeting of legislators from West Bengal decided by 58 votes to 21 that the province should be partitioned and that West Bengal should join the [[Constituent Assembly of India]]. In another separate meeting of legislators from East Bengal, it was decided by 106 votes to 35 that the province should not be partitioned and 107 votes to 34 that East Bengal should join Pakistan in the event of partition.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Sugata |title=Agrarian Bengal: Economy, Social Structure and Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fxXInQEACAAJ |year=1986 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=230 |isbn=978-0-521-30448-1}}</ref> Communal violence broke out across India, especially in [[the Punjab]] and Bengal's [[Noakhali district]]. Suhrawardy traveled to Noakhali with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] to restore order; Gandhi and Suhrawardy also had deliberations in Calcutta. After the transfer of power on 14–15 August 1947, Suhrawardy continued to remain in India for a few years where he attended to ailing members of his family. He eventually settled down in the [[Dominion of Pakistan]], with residences in the federal capital [[Karachi]] and the provincial capital [[Dhaka]]. His cousin Begum [[Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah]] called for [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Pakistan's constituent assembly]] to convene in Dacca as [[East Bengal]] was home to the majority of Pakistan's population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.piia.org.pk/about-us/down-memory-lane/item/41-shaista-s-ikramullah |title=International relations, Foreign Affairs & policy, Benazir Bhutto - PIIA |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122800/http://www.piia.org.pk/about-us/down-memory-lane/item/41-shaista-s-ikramullah |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Post-independence career ==

===Awami League===
Suhrawardy joined the [[All-Pakistan Awami League|Awami League]], a party formed in 1949 to counter the erstwhile ruling Muslim League. Suhrawardy emerged as the [[Centrism|centrist]] leader of the Awami League; while [[Maulana Bhashani]] represented more radical leftist factions. The Awami League was often allied with the centre-left [[Krishak Praja Party]] of A. K. Fazlul Huq. Suhrawardy's chief protégé in East Bengal was [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], to whom Suhrawardy delegated political responsibilities.
[[File:Khawaja Nazimuddin and Suhrawardy.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy and Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin in Karachi, 1950s]]

===Law Minister of Pakistan===
Suhrawardy was appointed law minister in 1953 in the cabinet of Prime Minister [[Mohammad Ali Bogra]]. He was in charge of drafting Pakistan's constitution.<ref>Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present (1st ed.). Delhi, India: APH Publishing. {{ISBN|9788176484695}}. Retrieved 1 February 2018.</ref>

===United Front===
{{Main|United Front (East Pakistan)|East Bengali legislative election, 1954}}

One of the highlights of Suhrawardy's political career was leading the United Front campaign during the 1954 East Bengali election which booted the Muslim League out of power.

===Leader of the Opposition===
At the federal level, Suhrawardy served as [[Leader of the Opposition]] in the [[parliament of Pakistan]] in 1955. His position was bolstered by the landslide victory in East Bengal in 1954.

== Premiership (1956–1957)==
{{See also|Suhrawardy government}}[[File:President Dwight D. Eisenhower greets Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy being received by [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] at the [[White House]]]]
[[File:HS Suhrawardy and Zhou Enlai.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy with [[Iskander Mirza]] and [[Zhou Enlai]]]]
In 1956, the Awami League formed a coalition with Pakistan's [[Republican Party (Pakistan)|Republican Party]] to unseat the previous government. Suhrawardy became the fifth [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] and the second premier under the [[1956 Constitution of Pakistan]]. Suhrawardy was known as a pro-[[United States|American]] politician. He also cultivated pragmatic ties with [[China|Communist China]]. Suhrawardy supported the American-led [[Southeast Asia Treaty Organization]] (SEATO) and the [[Central Treaty Organization]] (CENTO). He was not keen on [[Non-Aligned Movement|nonalignment]] which was strongly pursued by neighboring India. Suhrawardy toured the United States, was hosted by [[President Eisenhower]] at the [[White House]], and met with American movie stars in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]]. In domestic policy, Suhrawardy addressed issues of [[nuclear energy in Pakistan|nuclear energy]], foreign aid utilization, food policy, the One Unit framework, and building up the military. His staunchly pro-Western foreign policy was opposed by Bengali radicals led by Maulana Bhashani who caused a split in the Awami League. However, Suhrawardy was elected as President of the Awami League. His cabinet included [[Feroz Khan Noon]] and [[Abul Mansur Ahmed]] among others.

=== One Unit ===
Initially promising to review the [[One Unit]] framework in the 1956 constitution, Prime Minister Suhrwardy later backtracked.<ref name="Jaffrelot2015p214">{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |year=2015 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=214 |isbn=978-0-19023-518-5 |quote=Bengalis were not above factional battles motivated by personal interest. Suhrawardy thus backed the One-Unit Scheme to ... become prime minister at the expense of his province's [East Pakistan's] interests ... Suhrawardy thus tried to break free from Mirza's control by seeking a vote of confidence from the Assembly. Mirza, unwilling to acknowledge the Assembly's power to approve and dismiss governments, refused to convoke it.}}</ref> At the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], Prime Minister Suhrawardy faced pressure from provincialists over the One Unit.<ref name="The One Unit" /> [[West Pakistan]]i provincialists wanted to restore the previous [[Four Provinces (Pakistan)|four provinces]] of [[Sind]], [[Balochistan]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and the [[North West Frontier Province]]. Large rallies were held in West Pakistan against the One Unit.<ref name="The H.S. Suhrawardy government" /><ref name="The One Unit">{{Cite web |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/west-pakistan-established-as-one-unit/ |title=West Pakistan Established through One Unit |date=June 2003 |website=Story of Pakistan |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref> Prime Minister Suhrawardy, however, did not pay attention to the issue.<ref name="Jaffrelot2015p214" /> While East Pakistanis also objected to the One Unit for renaming East Bengal as East Pakistan, opposition among ethnic groups to the One Unit was stronger in [[West Pakistan]].<ref name="Jaffrelot2015p214" /><ref name="The One Unit" />

=== Joint electorate ===
[[File:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawarthy and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1954.jpg|thumb|Mujib and Suhrawardy in 1954]]

Suhrawardy's one-year tenure was unable to introduce the joint electorate. Since 1932, elections in Pakistan's provinces were held under the "separate electorate" system of dividing seats in parliament among religious groups in accordance with the colonial-era [[Communal Award]]. Abolishing the joint electorate was a key demand of the Awami League.
At the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]], the Awami League initiated constitutional reforms to restore the [[joint electorate]] system but faced opposition from the [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]].<ref name="The H.S. Suhrawardy government" />
[[File:H S Suhrawardy PM.jpg|thumb|Suhrawardy as PM]]

=== Nuclear energy ===
{{See also|Nuclear energy in Pakistan|Nuclear energy in Bangladesh}}
Suhrawardy established the [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission]] (PAEC). He appointed Dr. [[Nazir Ahmed (physicist)|Nazir Ahmad]] as its chairman.<ref name="Hamid Mir">{{Cite web |url=http://jang.com.pk/jang/jun2011-daily/09-06-2011/col6.htm |title=A Hope is still alive.... |last=Mir |first=Hamid |author-link=Hamid Mir |date=9 June 2011 |website=Hamid Mir.... Penmanship |publisher=Hamid Mir |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224224/http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/jun2011-daily/09-06-2011/col6.htm |archive-date=11 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011}}</ref> Suhrawardy supported the [[Atoms for Peace]] initiative.<ref name="Hamid Mir" /> Suhrawardy also released funds to import a nuclear [[swimming pool reactor]] from America in 1956.<ref name="Hamid Mir" />

=== Economic policy and foreign aid ===
{{Main|Aid to Pakistan}}

In 1956, Prime Minister Suhrawardy halted the [[National Finance Commission Award|National Finance Commission]] (NFC) programme to allocate [[Federal Board of Revenue (Pakistan)|taxed revenue]] equally between [[East Pakistan|East]] and [[West Pakistan]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} A poor harvest led to heavy imports that year, mostly in the form of foreign aid, to meet food shortages. The United States agreed to sell $46.4 million in rice, wheat, and other farm products, about 80% of which was covered by aid grants or loans.<ref name="Dodd, Mead, 1957">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Comstock |first=Alzada |author-link=Alzada Comstock |editor-last=Vizetelly |editor-first=Henry E. |encyclopedia=The New International Year Book: A Compendium of the World's Progress for the Year 1956 |title=Pakistan, Islamic Republic of |year=1957 |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls |oclc=02410019 |page=375}}</ref>

The [[Federal government of Pakistan|central government]] led by Suhrawardy focused on the implementation of the [[Five-Year Plans of Pakistan|planned]] economy.<ref name="The H.S. Suhrawardy government" /> His relations with the [[Karachi Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] and the [[Corporate sector of Pakistan|business community]] deteriorated when he announced distribution of the [[United States Dollar|US$]]10 million [[International Cooperation Administration|ICA aid]] between West and East, and establishing the shipping corporation at the expense of West Pakistan's revenues.<ref name="APH Publishing, Ahmed, 2004">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Szfqq7ruqWgC&pg=PA285 |title=Bangladesh: Past and Present |last=Ahmed |first=Salahuddin |date=2004 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788176484695 |edition=1st |location=Delhi, India |access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>{{rp|149}} Massive labour strikes broke out in West Pakistan against his economic policy in major cities of Pakistan. Eventually leaders of the stock exchange met with President [[Iskandar Mirza|Mirza]] to address their concerns and issues.<ref name="The H.S. Suhrawardy government">{{Cite web |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/h-s-suhrawardy-becomes-prime-minister/ |title=The H.S. Suhrawardy government |date=July 2003 |website=Story of Pakistan |access-date=16 August 2013}}</ref>

=== Foreign policy ===
Suhrawardy in 1957 described [[Foreign relations of Pakistan|Pakistan's foreign policy]] as "friendship towards all and malice towards none", a phrase which was later adopted as Bangladesh's foreign policy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harun |first1=Shamsul Huda |title=The Making of the Prime Minister H.S. Suhrawardy: In an Anagram Polity, 1947-1958 |year=2001 |publisher=The Institute of Liberation Bangabandhu and Bangladesh Studies, National University |isbn=984-783-012-6 |page=30}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSgfLG3Ib9wC&pg=PG520 |title=East Asian Security: A Bangladesh Perspective |last=Matin |first=Muhammad Abdul |year=2005 |conference=7th Asian Security Conference |editor1=N. S. Sisodia |editor2=G. V. C. Naidu |book-title=Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan |publisher=Bibliophile South Asia |isbn=978-81-86019-52-8 |access-date=3 December 2015 |page=520}}</ref> Suhrawardy is also considered to be one of the pioneers of Pakistan's foreign policy aimed, directed, and set towards excessively supporting the United States and their [[Anti-Soviet agitation|cause]], a policy that was pursued by the successive administrations.<ref name="Europa Publications">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LclscNCTz9oC&q=Nurul+Amin+pakistan+National+Democratic+Front&pg=PA1163 |title=Far East and Australasia: Pakistan |last=General Survey |date=2002 |publisher=Europa Publications |isbn=978-1-85743-133-9 |location=Berlin, Germany |pages=1657 onwards}}</ref> On 10 July 1957, Prime Minister Suhrawardy paid an official visit to the United States where he met with President [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. Suhrawardy accepted Eisenhower's request to [[Peshawar Air Station|lease a base in Pakistan]] from which the United States Air Force could gather intelligence about the [[Soviet Union]]. In return, the United States distributed $2.142 billion in aid to Pakistan, including supersonic [[F-104 Starfighter]]s and [[M48 Patton]] tanks.<ref name="PublicAffairs, Hiro, 2015">{{Cite book |last=Hiro |first=Dilip |author-link=Dilip Hiro |year=2015 |title=The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xHfNDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA148 |location=New York |publisher=Nation Books |page=148 |isbn=978-1-56858-734-9}}</ref> Suhrawardy's party, the Awami League, split over his signing of the US-Pakistan military pact, with [[Maulana Bhasani]] leaving to form the [[National Awami Party]] (NAP).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Banerjee |first=Sumanta |date=7 August 1982 |title=Bangladesh's Marxist-Leninists: I |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=17 |issue=32 |pages=1267–1268 |jstor=4371213}}</ref> The [[1960 U-2 incident]] severely compromised the [[National Security Council (Pakistan)|national security]] of Pakistan when Soviet Union eventually discovered the base through interrogating [[Gary Powers|its pilot]].

Prime Minister Suhrawardy was invited by the Soviet Union for an informal visit but he declined.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ram |first=Raghunath |year=1985 |title=Super Powers and Indo-Pakistani Sub-continent: Perceptions and Policies |location=New Delhi |publisher=Raaj Prakashan |page=196 |oclc=461951628}}</ref> In 1956, Prime Minister Suhrawardy became the Pakistan's first Prime Minister to visit [[China]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1195290 |title=The political victimisation of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy |last=Balouch |first=Akhtar |date=21 July 2015 |work=Dawn |access-date=2 February 2018 |location=Pakistan |language=en-pak}}</ref> Suhrawardy's India policy was at times critical.<ref name="U of Minnesota Press, Burke, 1974">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mainspringsofind00burk |url-access=registration |title=Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani Foreign Policies |last=Burke |first=S. M. |date=1974 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=978-1-4529-1071-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mainspringsofind00burk/page/89 89]–90}}</ref> He demanded a fair share of water sharing on transboundary rivers.<ref name="CA">{{cite journal |date=June 1957 |title=Chronology: April 1, 1957 to June 30, 1957 |journal=Pakistan Horizon |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=116–117 |jstor=41393806}}</ref> Suhrawardy visited [[Afghanistan]] and pledged to work for regional peace, decolonization and stability. Suhrawardy also visited [[Japan]] and felt the East Asian country was model to emulate in development. He addressed a joint sitting of the [[Philippines]] Congress during which he expressed support for [[SEATO]] and continued to call for decolonization.<ref name="CA"/>

=== Resignation ===
Suhrawardy's short-lived premiership came to an end when he resigned under pressure from President [[Iskander Mirza]] in 1957.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1195290 |title=The political victimisation of Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy |first=Akhtar |last=Balouch |date=21 July 2015 |work=Dawn}}</ref>

===Post-coup life===
Suhrawardy was arrested by the martial law government after the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état|1958 military coup in Pakistan]]. While in jail, he wrote to his niece [[Salma Sobhan]] on the occasion of her wedding to [[Rehman Sobhan]], calling Salma "preternaturally transcendentally intelligent".<ref name="SS"/>

==Death==
[[File:রেসকোর্স ময়দানে হোসেন শহীদ সোহ্‌রাওয়ার্দীর জানাজা (১৯৬৩).jpg|thumb|Large processions following the funeral of Suhrawardy at '''Ramna Racecourse Ground''' (now [[Suhrawardy Udyan]])]]
[[File:Tomb Of Three Leader 3.A.M.R.jpg|thumb|right|Suhrawardy is buried at this mausoleum in Dhaka, Bangladesh alongside [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]] and [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]]]]
Suhrawardy died in [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]] in 1963 due to a heart attack.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/12/06/archives/huseyn-s-suhrawardy-is-dead-exprime-minister-of-pakistan-holder-of.html |title=Huseyn S. Suhrawardy Is Dead; Ex-Prime Minister of Pakistan; Holder of Post in '56–57 Was Jailed in 1962 as Security Risk—Opposed to Ayub A Link With the West Visited the U.S. Toured With Gandhi |date=1963-12-06 |work=The New York Times |access-date=2019-03-05 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many Bangladeshis were - and some still are - convinced that he was killed on [[Ayub Khan]]'s order, as his popularity may have made him a powerful rival to Ayub in the upcoming presidential elections.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Ahsan |first=Syed Badrul |author-link=Syed Badrul Ahsan |date=7 December 2018 |title=What if Suhrawardy had not died? |work=Dhaka Courier |url=http://dhakacourier.com.bd/news/Column/What-if-Suhrawardy-had-not-died/824 |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> He was buried in Dhaka beside Sir [[Khawaja Nazimuddin]] and [[A. K. Fazlul Huq]], signifying his towering stature in Bengali politics as one of the three leading Bengali statesmen of the early 20th century.

==Legacy==
* [[Suhrawardy Udyan]], a historic [[Suhrawardy Udyan|maidan]] in [[Dhaka]] (formerly the Ramna Race Course).
* [[Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital]], a major government hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
* [[Government Shaheed Suhrawardy College]], a public college, located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
* Government Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy College, a government college in Magura, Bangladesh
* ''Khayaban-e-Suhrawardy'' (lit. Garden of Suhrawardy), is one of the main thoroughfares of the [[Pakistan]]i capital of [[Islamabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khayaban-e-Suhrwardy,+Islamabad,+Islamabad+Capital+Territory/@33.7002697,73.0811409,15.42z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x38dfbf8ad444119b:0x9359fbd61c4c986!8m2!3d33.7057035!4d73.0857383 |title=Khayaban-e-Suhrwardy |website=Google Maps |access-date=2019-03-05}}</ref>
* Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Hall(East Pakistan Agricultural University, now [[Bangladesh Agricultural University]])
* Suhrawardy Hall ([[Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology]])
* In 2004, Suhrawardy was ranked number 19 in the BBC's poll of the [[Greatest Bengali of all time]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali' |date=2004-04-14 |work=BBC News |access-date=2018-08-19}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bengalis in Pakistan|Bengali nationalism in Pakistan]]
* [[Conservatism in Pakistan]]
* [[Bangladeshis in Pakistan|Bengali culture in Pakistan]]
* [[U.S. aid to Pakistan|American lobby in Pakistan]]
* [[Pakistan–United States relations]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* ''Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy: A Biography'' by [[Begum Shaista Ikramullah]] (Oxford University Press, 1991)
* ''Freedom at Midnight'' by Dominique Lapierre and Larry Collins
* ''Gandhi's Passion'' by Stanley Wolpert (Oxford University Press)
* ''The Last Guardian: Memoirs of Hatch-Barnwell, ICS of Bengal'' by Stephen Hatch-Barnwell (University Press Limited, 2012)

==External links==
{{Commons category|Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* [https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.646585 Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy of Pakistan on ''Face the Nation''], 14 July 1957
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080920222412/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,867113,00.html The Complete Politician], an article published in ''Time'' on Suhrawardy on 24 September 1956
* [http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A061 Suhrawardy Becomes Prime Minister]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090402114442/http://therepublicofrumi.com/47.htm Chronicles Of Pakistan]
* [http://www.thedailystar.net/story.php?nid=14212.html Glimpses on Suhrawardy], an article published on ''The Daily Star'' on 23 June 2009
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=66766 Suhrawardy meets Eisenhower] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115044815/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=66766 |date=15 January 2012}}, video footage from British Pathé
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=66345 Speech by Suhrawardy on Kashmir] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115052541/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=66345 |date=15 January 2012}}, video footage from British Pathé
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=34467 Commonwealth Ministers at No 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115045948/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=34467 |date=15 January 2012}}, video footage from British Pathé

{{s-start}}
{{S-off
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{{s-bef
| rows = 2
| before = [[Chaudhry Muhammad Ali]]
}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]
| years = 1956–1957
}}
{{s-aft
| after = {{nowrap|[[Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar]]}}
}}
|-
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Minister of Defence]]
| years = 1956–1957
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Mian Mumtaz Daultana]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{PakistaniPMs}}
{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Bangladesh Awami League}}
{{Presidents of Awami League}}

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[[Category:Bengal MLAs 1937–1945]]
[[Category:Bengal MLAs 1946–1947]]
[[Category:East Bengal MLAs 1947–1954]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:People from Midnapore]]
[[Category:Cultural Muslims]]
[[Category:Bangladesh independence activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani political party founders]]
[[Category:United Bengal activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani anti-fascists]]

South India Textile Research Association

2026-04-27T03:10:51Z

ChaseBruns: New a info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = The South India Textile Research Association
| image =
| map =
| abbreviation = SITRA
| formation = 25 December 1955
| type = Non-governmental organization
| status =
| purpose = Textile Research
| headquarters = [[Coimbatore]], [[India]]
| location =
| region_served = Asia, Africa
| num_members =
| languages = English
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Sanjay Jayavarthanavelu
| main_organ = 
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| budget =
| remarks =
| website = {{url| http://www.sitra.org.in/}}
}}

'''The South India Textile Research Association''', often known by acronym SITRA, is a textile research association established in 1956 at [[Coimbatore]], India. SITRA is an Industry sponsored research institute supported by the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. It is considered to be one of the best equipped textile research organisations in the world and its members apart from India include Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh.

==History==
Coimbatore became home to textile industry of South India by Independence. The textile industry in Coimbatore and Madras state along with the Ministry of Textiles planned on a modern textile research association. The foundation stone was laid on 25 December 1955 by Prime Minister of India, Pandit [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and inaugurated by President of India [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] on 13 October 1958. The first chairman was [[R. K. Shanmugam Chettiar]], also India's first Finance Minister. [[Padma Bhushan]] [[Kasturiswami Sreenivasan|Kasturi Sreenivasan]], who was the Director from 1955 till 1982 was instrumental in establishing SITRA as a major research institute and would later become chairman of [[National Textile Corporation]].

===Location===
The institute is located on [[Avinashi Road]], [[Peelamedu]], [[Coimbatore]] near the Airport.

Its surrounding area is known as Sitra or Chitra-a variation of its acronym.

===Administration===
The research center is governed by a Council of Administration consisting of member representatives of the Industry, Scientists and Government.

===Campus and facilities===
The campus is located on the [[Avinashi Road]], Peelamedu, Coimbatore. It is a sprawling campus of about 32.5 acres, with a floor space of about 15,000 sq. m., The campus is equipped full range of sophisticated textile testing instruments and modern machines with textile testing, electronics and calibration laboratories, library. A pilot mill is located inside the campus to carry our real time simulation tests and research. The physical and chemical laboratories are accredited by NABL in accordance with the standard ISO/IEC 17025: 1999 General Requirements for the competence of Testing and Calibration laboratories.

===Departments===
** Mechanical Processing and Textile Physics (1957
**Textile Engineering (1966)
** Textile Instrumentation (1975)
**Knitting (1976)
**Textile Chemistry (1981),
**Labour Research and Training (1982).
** Powerloom Service Centre (1974) under a grant provided by SIMA.
**Cotton Spinning Pilot Unit
**Jute- blended yarn spinning mill (1994) under the aid from United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
**ECO testing laboratory (1996) on a special grant from the Ministry of Textiles.
**Centre of Excellence for Medical Textiles (2009).

===Publications===
SITRA has its own technical journal publishing wing covering areas of future trends, labour welfare and management and publishes the ranking list for member mills as well as textile standard norm in Testing and production.

==References==
* Spinning mill reopened - The Hindu
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/spinning-mill-reopened/article6961114.ece
*Plan to expand power loom upgradation scheme to more clusters - The Hindu
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/plan-to-expand-power-loom-upgradation-scheme-to-more-clusters/article6876506.ece

{{DEFAULTSORT:South India Textile Research Association, The}}
[[Category:Research institutes in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Coimbatore]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Textile industry in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Textile industry associations]]
[[Category:Ministry of Textiles]]

Phillaur Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-24T19:23:27Z

ChaseBruns: adding some data added tags

{{Short description|Former Lok Sabha Constituency in Punjab}}
{{Unreferenced|date=April 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phillaur
| type = LS
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = Punjab
| union_territory =
| established = 1962
| abolished = 2008
| assembly_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Phillaur''' was a [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. It was dissolved in 2008 and replaced by [[Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha constituency]].

==Members of Parliament==
{{Pie chart|value1=50|value2=16.666|label1=[[Indian National Congress|'''INC '''(6 Times)]]|label2=[[Shiromani Akali Dal|'''SAD''' (2 Times)]]|color1={{party color|Indian National Congress}}|color2={{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}|caption=Most Successful parties from Phillaur Lok Sabha|label3=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|'''BSP''' (2 Times)]]|label4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|'''CPI (M)''' (1 Time)]]|label5=[[Independent Candidate|'''IND''' (1 Time)]]|color3={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}|color4={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|color5={{party color|Independent Candidate}}|value3=16.666|value4=8.333|value5=8.333}}
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Election
!Member
!Party
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Chaudhary Sadhu Ram]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| [[Bhagat Ram]]
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
| [[Chaudhary Sunder Singh]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
| [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
| [[Harbhajan Lakha]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1991 Indian general election|1992]]
| [[Santosh Chowdhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| [[Harbhajan Lakha]]
| [[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| [[Satnam Singh Kainth]]
| [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| [[Santosh Chowdhary]]
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}" |
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]]
| [[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|}

*2009 onwards: [[Anandpur Sahib Lok Sabha constituency|Anandpur Sahib]]

==See also==
* [[Phillaur]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Punjab}}

{{coord|31.0|75.8|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phillaur Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

K. A. M. Muhammed Abubacker

2026-04-19T22:03:18Z

ChaseBruns: added

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. A. M. Muhammed Abubacker
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1971|9|6}}
| birth_place = [[Kayalpattinam]], [[Thoothukudi District|Thoothukudi]], Tamil Nadu, India
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 16 May 2016
| term_end = 12 May 2021
| constituency = [[Kadayanallur (state assembly constituency)|Kadayanallur]]
| predecessor = [[P. Chendur Pandian]]
| successor = [[C. Krishnamurali]]
| office1 = Legislative Party Leader of Indian Union Muslim League in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| governor1 = [[Banwarilal Purohit]]
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]
| 1blankname2 = Deputy chief minister
| 1namedata2 = [[O. Panneerselvam]]
| 1blankname3 = [[Leader of Opposition]] in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| 1namedata3 = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| term_start1 = 25 May 2016
| term_end1 = 2 May 2021
| office4 = General Secretary of the Tamilnadu State [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| president4 = [[K. M. Kader Mohideen]]
| party = [[Indian Union Muslim League]]
| occupation = Politician
| website = http://abubackermla.com/
| footnotes =
}}

'''K. A. M. Muhammed Abubacker'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/only-5-muslim-mlas-in-assembly/article8652433.ece|title=Only 5 Muslim MLAs in Assembly|first=Udhav|last=Naig|newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 May 2016|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Tamil Nadu]] and Tamilnadu State General Secretary of the [[Indian Union Muslim League]] (IUML) political party. He was Legislative Party Leader of the Indian Union Muslim League from 2016 to 2021, representing [[Kadayanallur (state assembly constituency)|Kadayanallur]] constituency in [[Tenkasi district]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/20/in-the-tamil-nadu-assembly-1789740.html|title=In the Tamil Nadu assembly|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/dmk-led-opposition-meets-tn-governor-seeks-floor-test/article19655638.ece|title=DMK-led Opposition meets Tamil Nadu Governor, seeks floor test|first=Dennis S.|last=Jesudasan|newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 September 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

== External links ==
* [http://abubackermla.com/ Official Website]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/ask-govt-to-prove-majority-tn-oppn-urges-governor/article19572716.ece Article in ''The Hindu'']
* [http://showtodaytv.com/play-clip-iuml-stage-walk-out-from-tn-assembly-boycotting-tn_tv9y8kWMdxgiE Article in ''ShowToday TV'']

== References ==
<references />

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abubacker, K.A.M. Muhammed}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian Union Muslim League]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]

{{TamilNadu-politician-stub}}

Government Medical College, Ongole

2026-04-18T17:34:31Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Government Medical College}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox college
|name = Government Medical College, Ongole
|image = Ongole Medical College Logo.png
|motto = Science, Art, Research
|established = {{start date and age|2008}}
|type = [[Medical Education]] and [[Research]] [[Institution]]
|affiliations = [[NTR University of Health Sciences|NTRUHS]]; [[National Medical Commission|NMC]]; [[Dental Council of India|DCI]]
|principal = Dr. P. Ashok Kumar
|campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
|city = [[Ongole]]
|state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|country = [[India]]
|coor = {{Coord|15.4862772|N|80.0460717|E|format=dms|region:IN-AP_type:edu|display=inline, title}}
|website = {{url|http://www.gmcongole.org/}}
}}
'''Government Medical College''' (formerly known as '''Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences''') is a medical institute located in [[Ongole]], Andhra Pradesh. It is affiliated to [[Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences]].

==Intake==
The present intake is 150 M.B.B.S seats<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |title=List of Colleges Teaching MBBS |accessdate=2011-05-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505154317/http://www.mciindia.org/InformationDesk/MedicalCollegeHospitals/ListofCollegesTeachingMBBS.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-05 }}</ref>

The college offers postgraduation courses in 19 departments with annual intake of 99 postgraduates.
MD Physiology 4
MD BioChemistry 2
MD Pathology 9
MD Microbiology 4
MD Pharmacology 4
MD Community Medicine 7
MD Forensic Medicine 2
MS ENT 5
MS Ophthalmology 5
MD General Medicine 6
MD DVL 2
MD Psychiatry 2
MS General Surgery 11
MD Anesthesiology 7
MS Orthopaedics 7
MD Radio-Diagnosis 5
MD Respiratory Medicine 1

MD Paediatrics 7

MS Obstetrics & Gynecology 9

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.gmcongole.org/}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ongole]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Prakasam district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2008]]

Fatuha Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:55:38Z

ChaseBruns: Adding new info

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Fatuha
| type = SLA
| map_image = 185-Fatuha constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| mla = [[Rama Nand Yadav]]
| party = {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| preceded_by = Arun Manjhi, {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| region =
| state = [[Bihar]]
| district = [[Patna district|Patna]]
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|-]]
| established = 1957
| electors = 286,297
| incumbent_image =
| abolished = 
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
'''Fatuha Assembly constituency''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It comes under [[Patna Sahib (Lok Sabha constituency)|Patna Sahib]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name="election2020">[http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-results/fatuha.php Fatuha Assembly Constituency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928132847/http://www.travelindia-guide.com/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-results/Fatuha.php |date=28 September 2020 }} 20 December 2013</ref>

==Overview==
Fatuha comprises CD Blocks Fatuha & Sampatchak; Gram Panchayats Marchi, Mahuli, Fatehpur, Sonwan, Punadih & Sabalpur of Patna Rural CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref name="election2015">{{Cite web|title=Fatuha (Bihar) Assembly Elections Candidate List, Sitting MLA and 2015 Results|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/fatwa.html|access-date=|website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Shiv Mahadeo Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Kauleshwar Das
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|R. C. Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Kauleshwar Das
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Kameshwar Paswan]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
|[[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="4" |Punit Rai
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party (Secular)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|Dinesh Chaudhary
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2003^
|Om Prakash Paswan
|-
|[[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |Saryug Paswan
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|-
|2009^
|Arun Manjhi
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Rama Nand Yadav]]
| {{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Legislative Assembly Election, 2025]]: [[Fatuha]]<ref name="election2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-15 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/ae/2025/16 |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rama Nand Yadav| Dr. R. N. Yadav]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:90558}}
|percentage = 45.69
|change = {{decrease}}5.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rupa Kumari
|party = Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
|votes = {{formatnum:82566}}
|percentage = 41.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Raju Kumar
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:8598}}
|percentage = 4.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sanjeet Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:4802}}
|percentage = 2.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3938}}
|percentage = 1.99
|change = {{increase}}1.54
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:7992}}
|percentage = 4.03
|change = {{decrease}}7.46
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:198180}}
|percentage = 69.22
|change = {{increase}}7.06
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: [[Fatuha]]<ref name="election2020"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rama Nand Yadav|Dr. R. N. Yadav]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:85769}}
|percentage = 50.87
|change = +0.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Satyendra Kumar Singh
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:66399}}
|percentage = 39.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Rakesh Sharma
|votes = {{formatnum:2819}}
|percentage = 1.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Shakti Paswan
|votes = {{formatnum:2374}}
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Dhirendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1572}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:762}}
|percentage = 0.45
|change = -1.84
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:19370}}
|percentage = 11.49
|change = -8.4
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:168600}}
|percentage = 62.16
|change = +2.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2015]]: [[Fatuha]]<ref name="election2015"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rama Nand Yadav]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:77210}}
|percentage = 50.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Satyendra Kumar Singh
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = {{formatnum:46808}}
|percentage = 30.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Satish Kumar
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:5854}}
|percentage = 3.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation
|candidate = Shalendra Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:4263}}
|percentage = 2.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ranjan Kumar Singh
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:4101}}
|percentage = 2.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Devendra Prasad Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:3370}}
|percentage = 2.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sri Kant Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:2153}}
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3493}}
|percentage = 2.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:30402}}
|percentage = 19.89
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:152865}}
|percentage = 60.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2010]]: [[Fatuha]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Dr. Ramanand Yadav
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = 50,218
|percentage = 44.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ajay Kumar Singh
|party = Janata Dal (United)
|votes = 40,562
|percentage = 36.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Deo Kumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4,299
|percentage = 3.85
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Umesh Singh
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
|votes = 3,533
|percentage = 3.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Pravesh Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 3,479
|percentage = 3.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 9,656
|percentage = 8.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 1,11,774
|percentage = 56.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = Janata Dal (United)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
* [[Fatuha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{coord|25|51|6|N|85|31|6|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Patna district]]
[[Category:Politics of Patna district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Bihar]]

Salem – II Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:34:35Z

ChaseBruns: New data

{{Short description|Former constituency in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Salem-II
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| established = 1951
| district = [[Salem district|Salem]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Salem Lok Sabha constituency|Salem]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| electors =
| reservation = None
| abolished = 2008
}}
'''Salem-II''' is a former state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]].

==History==
Until 2008, the city of [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] was part of the [[Salem – I Assembly constituency|Salem I]] and [[Salem – II Assembly constituency|Salem II]] assembly constituencies. Since 1977, the ADMK won the Salem II assembly seat three times (1980, 1984 and 1991) and the DMK also won three times (1989, 1996 and 2006); the [[Janata Party]] (JP) won in 1977 and [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) won in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=29 December 2012|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232540/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp89.htm|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

The constituencies of Salem were redrawn as [[Salem North Assembly constituency|Salem North]], [[Salem South Assembly constituency|Salem South]] and [[Salem West Assembly constituency|Salem West]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Constituencies, Post-Delimitation 2008|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Tamil Nadu|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2012}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Madras State'''
|-
| [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
| [[C. Lakshma Kandan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[A. Rathnavel Gounder]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| A. Rathnavel Gounder
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[E. R. Krishnan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|style="text-align: center;" colspan="4"|'''Tamil Nadu'''
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| [[K. Rajaram]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| M. Arumugam
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| M. Arumugam
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
| [[Arumugam]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| [[Veerapandy S. Arumugam|S. Arumugam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| [[M. Natesan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[A. L. Thangavel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[M. Karthe]]
| {{Full party name with color|Pattali Makkal Katchi}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| S. Arumugam
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|}

== Election results==

===2006===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[Veerapandy S. Arumugam]] |votes=85,348 |percentage=47.27% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =Sureshkumar R |votes=70,605 |percentage=39.11% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |candidate =Gnanasekaran K V |votes=20,026 |percentage=11.09% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate =Anandhan P T |votes=1,574 |percentage=0.87% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate =Ponnusamy V |votes=668 |percentage=0.37% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Sreedhar N |votes=510 |percentage=0.28% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=14,743 |percentage=8.17% |change=-4.97%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=180,545 |percentage=72.20% |change=11.79%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Pattali Makkal Katchi
|swing= -6.98%
}} {{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Pattali Makkal Katchi |candidate =Karthe M. |votes=62,306 |percentage=54.25% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[A. L. Thangavel]] |votes=47,221 |percentage=41.11% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =G.Arjunam |votes=2,030 |percentage=1.77% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Sethuraman.K. |votes=797 |percentage=0.69% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Venkatachalam.S.V. |votes=640 |percentage=0.56% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bahujan Samaj Party |candidate =Ponnusamy.V. |votes=497 |percentage=0.43% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=15,085 |percentage=13.13% |change=-6.25%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=114,855 |percentage=60.41% |change=-7.39%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Pattali Makkal Katchi
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing= 9.42%
}} {{Election box end}}

===1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[A. L. Thangavel]] |votes=63,588 |percentage=44.83% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[S. Semmalai]]|votes=36,097 |percentage=25.45% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate|party= [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)|AIIC(T)]] |candidate =Mohanraj. R. |votes=10,794 |percentage=7.61% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bharatiya Janata Party |candidate =Vennira Aadai Nirmala (Selvi) |votes=1,997 |percentage=1.41% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =Thamarai Kannan. K.S.V. |votes=1,719 |percentage=1.21% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Krishnan. K. |votes=331 |percentage=0.23% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=27,491 |percentage=19.38% |change=-18.74%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=141,856 |percentage=67.8% |change=9.51%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing= -19.08%
}} {{Election box end}}

===1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =Natesan M. |votes=66,904 |percentage=63.90% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[Veerapandi S. Arumugam]] |votes=26,997 |percentage=25.79% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Pattali Makkal Katchi |candidate =Manickam K. |votes=9,170 |percentage=8.76% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Janata Party |candidate =Nallahambi M.M. |votes=417 |percentage=0.40% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Ariyan K.P. |votes=151 |percentage=0.14% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Ramasamy M. |votes=131 |percentage=0.13% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=39,907 |percentage=38.12% |change=18.19%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=104,695 |percentage=58.29% |change=-8.83%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing= 20.38%
}} {{Election box end}}

===1989===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[Veerapandy S. Arumugam]] |votes=45,358 |percentage=43.52% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate|party= AIADMK(JL) |candidate =Natesan. M.M |votes=24,593 |percentage=23.60% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =Rajendran. U.M |votes=22,755 |percentage=21.83% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate|party= AIADMK(JR) |candidate =Rajaram. K.M |votes=10,178 |percentage=9.77% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Murali. M.M |votes=348 |percentage=0.33% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Balakrishnan. K.P.M |votes=208 |percentage=0.20% |change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory|votes=20,765 |percentage=19.92% |change=11.20%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=104,220 |percentage=67.12% |change=-5.10%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing= -10.27%
}} {{Election box end}}

===1984===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =Arumugam |votes=49,339 |percentage=53.79% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[Veerpandi S. Arumugam]] |votes=41,333 |percentage=45.07% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Thiyagarajan. K.S. |votes=224 |percentage=0.24% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Kandasamy. C. |votes=208 |percentage=0.23% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Jayaprakasam. S. |votes=150 |percentage=0.16% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Palanivel. K. |votes=148 |percentage=0.16% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=8,006 |percentage=8.73% |change=2.76%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=91,718 |percentage=72.22% |change=7.15%}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =
|swing= 2.22%
}} {{Election box end}}

===1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =Arumugam. M |votes=40,975 |percentage=51.57% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =Anbalagan. K |votes=36,235 |percentage=45.61% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Janata Party |candidate =Solai-Erusan |votes=1,594 |percentage=2.01% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Seerangan. M |votes=446 |percentage=0.56% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Dhanamannar. M |votes=200 |percentage=0.25% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=4,740 |percentage=5.97% |change=3.13%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=79,450 |percentage=65.07% |change=12.17%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Janata Party
|swing= 21.21%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Janata Party |candidate =M. Arumugam |votes=22,636 |percentage=30.36% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =K.A. Thangavelu |votes=20,523 |percentage=27.53% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Communist Party of India (Marxist) |candidate =K.S. Arthanari |votes=19,173 |percentage=25.71% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Communist Party of India |candidate =K.V. Ramaswamy |votes=9,731 |percentage=13.05% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=2,113 |percentage=2.83% |change=-4.71%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=74,561 |percentage=52.9% |change=-19.00%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Janata Party
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing= -22.41%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[K. Rajaram]] |votes=37,152 |percentage=52.77% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =R.Ramakrishnan |votes=31,844 |percentage=45.23% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =S. Natarajan |votes=798 |percentage=1.13% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bharatiya Jana Sangh |candidate =S. S.Rama Rao |votes=608 |percentage=0.86% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=5,308 |percentage=7.54% |change=-9.65%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=70,402 |percentage=71.9% |change=-6.15%}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser =
|swing= -5.23%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |candidate =[[E. R. Krishnan]] |votes=38,781 |percentage=58.00% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate = A. R. Gounder |votes=27,285 |percentage=40.81% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Bharatiya Jana Sangh |candidate = S. S. R. Rao |votes=799 |percentage=1.19% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=11,496 |percentage=17.19% |change=2.61%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=66,865 |percentage=78.05% |change=4.01%}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing= 14.91%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem – II}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =A.Rathanavel Gounder |votes=28,811 |percentage=43.09% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Communist Party of India |candidate =S.M.Ramiah |votes=19,976 |percentage=29.88% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Swatantra Party |candidate =M.Muthusami |votes=10,935 |percentage=16.35% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =M.Chockalingam |votes=852 |percentage=1.27% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=8,835 |percentage=14.59% |change=-9.51%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=60,574 |percentage=74.04% |change=25.38%}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing= 13.54%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem II<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =A.Rathnavel Gounder |votes=19,755 |percentage=29.54% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Communist Party of India |candidate =S.M.Ramiah |votes=11,023 |percentage=16.49% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Thiruvengadam |votes=2,298 |percentage=3.44% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =S.Ariaputhran |votes=2,282 |percentage=3.41% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Rajamanickam |votes=883 |percentage=1.32% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=8,732 |percentage=24.09% |change=22.18%}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=36,241 |percentage=48.66% |change=3.23%}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing= 6.73%
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1952===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Salem Rural<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Indian National Congress |candidate =C.Lakshma Kandan |votes=15,254 |percentage=22.81% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate|party= [[Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party|TTP]] |candidate =A.Subramaniam |votes=14,575 |percentage=21.80% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =Ramanathan Chetty |votes=3,345 |percentage=5.00% |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party= Independent (politician) |candidate =R.Manickam |votes=2,340 |percentage=3.50% |change=}}

{{Election box margin of victory|votes=679 |percentage=1.91% |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=35,514 |percentage=45.43% |change=}}

{{Election box new seat win
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing=
}}
{{Election box end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|accessdate= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archivedate= 5 October 2010}}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}

{{coord|11.700|78.138|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salem - II (State Assembly Constituency)}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Salem district]]
[[Category:Government of Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Cool Suresh

2026-04-10T12:57:35Z

ChaseBruns: Adding new data

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{infobox person
| name = Cool Suresh
| birth_name = Suresh
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1977|11|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mylapore]], Tamil Nadu, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|comedian}}
| years_active = 2001{{ndash}}present
}}

'''Cool Suresh''' is an Indian actor who has played supporting and background characters in Tamil-language films.

== Career ==
Suresh made his debut with ''[[Chocolate (2001 film)|Chocolate]]'' (2001) where he portrayed a college rowdy. He played similar roles in ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' (2003) and ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' (2005). He acted as a playboy in ''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]''. He went on to play comedic roles in films such as ''[[Singam Puli]]'' (2011).

He made his lead film debut with the horror-comedy ''Padithavudan Kilithu Vidavum'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/040818/a-film-about-insurance-fraud.html|title=A film about insurance fraud|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=4 August 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/photo-features/movies-to-watch-this-weekend/photostory/65707280.cms|title=Movies to watch this weekend: Padithavudan Kilithu Vidavum|date=6 September 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref> He will also play the lead role in ''Chithirame Solladi'', an investigative thriller.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tamil-cinema/movie-news/chithirame-solladi-movie-talks-about-sexual-torture/articleshow/65308367.cms|title=பெண்களின் செக்ஸ் டார்ச்சருக்கு முடிவு கட்ட வரும் 'சித்திரமே சொல்லடி' படம்!|website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/131018/cool-suresh-turns-hero-and-dons-khaki.html|title=Cool Suresh turns hero and dons khaki|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=13 October 2018|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Suresh was to producer a film starring Julie of [[Bigg Boss Tamil]] fame and star in [[T. Rajendar]]'s ''Indraya Kaadhal Da''; however, all three films never entered production.<ref name="B">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/97212-julie-will-be-a-heroine-of-my-movie-says-cool-suresh?artfrm=v4|title= "ஜூலி தான் என் படத்தின் ஹீரோயின்..!" - கூல் சுரேஷ் ["Julie's the heroine of my movie ..!" - Cool Suresh]|date=28 July 2017|work=Vikatan|first=M.|last=Pandiyarajan|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/t-rajendars-announces-his-next-film-indraya-kadhal-daa/articleshow/64930503.cms|title=T Rajendar's announces his next film 'Indraya Kadhal Daa'|website=The Times of India|date=10 July 2018}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Suresh is a paternal cousin, self-proclaimed fan and sympathizer of [[Silambarasan]] and has been seen accompanying [[T. Rajendar]] his paternal uncle during political rallies of the All India Latchiya Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He has been the subject of criticism and memes online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/viral-corner/videos/actor-cool-suresh-speech-about-kamal-hassan-hosts-biggboss-programme-gone-viral/videoshow/70246724.cms|title=பிக்பாஸை கிழித்து தொங்க போடும் கூல் சுரேஷ் - வைரலாகும் வீடியோ|website=Samayam Tamil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/80095/cinema/Kollywood/cool-suresh-criticize-biggboss-3-contestatnt-abhirami-dress.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728110129/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/80095/cinema/Kollywood/cool-suresh-criticize-biggboss-3-contestatnt-abhirami-dress.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2019|title=அபிராமி ஆடை விவகாரம்; கோபப்படும் கூல் சுரேஷ் | cool suresh criticize biggboss 3 contestant abhirami dress|date=28 July 2019|website=தினமலர் - சினிமா}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 2001 || ''[[Chocolate (2001 film)|Chocolate]]'' || College Rowdy ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002 || ''[[Shree (2002 film)|Shree]]'' || Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Azhivathillai]]'' || Simbhu's friend || Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003 || ''[[Kaakha Kaakha]]'' || Rogue ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruda Thirudi]]'' || Mukesh ||
|-
| ''[[Alai (film)|Alai]]'' || Aathi's friend ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2004 || ''[[Kuthu]]'' || College Rowdy ||Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Aaytha Ezhuthu]]'' || Inba's friend ||Uncredited
|-
| ''[[Machi (film)|Machi]]'' || Narayanan's son ||
|-
| ''[[M. Kumaran Son of Mahalakshmi]]'' || Rowdy ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2005 || ''[[Devathaiyai Kanden]]'' || Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Bambara Kannaley]]'' || ||
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Paramasivan]]'' || Witness ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2007
| ''[[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]'' || Billu's friend ||
|-
|''[[Pachaikili Muthucharam]]'' || Dass ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Naan Nila]]'' || Harish ||
|-
| ''[[Thottal Poo Malarum]]'' || Ravi's friend ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Kuselan]]'' || Nagercoil's Nagaraj's assistant ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2009 || ''[[Padikkadavan (2009 film)|Padikkadavan]]'' || Veerapandi's henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Mariyadhai]]'' || Waiter ||
|-
| ''[[Kandhakottai]]'' || Siva's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Balam (2009 film)|Balam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2010 || ''[[Maanja Velu]]'' || Lover boy ||
|-
|''[[Moscowin Kavery]]'' || Passenger ||
|-
|''[[Kalloori Kalangal]]'' || Bus conductor ||
|-
| ''[[Agam Puram]]'' || Thiru's friend ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2011 || ''[[Singam Puli]]'' || Ashok Kumar's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Kandaen]]'' || Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Venghai]]'' || Selvam's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Puli Vesham]]'' || Govindan's henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Naan Sivanagiren]]'' || Local goon in bus ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2012 || ''[[Vinayakudu (film)|Vinayaga]]'' || Auto driver ||
|-
|''[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]'' || Henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Kadhal Pisase]]'' || College Rowdy ||
|-
| ''[[Aachariyangal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thiruthani (film)|Thiruthani]]'' || Henchman ||
|-
|rowspan="2"|2013 || ''[[Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya]]'' || Kolaveri David's henchman ||
|-
| ''[[Ya Ya (film)|Ya Ya]]'' || Sehwag's assistant ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2014 || ''[[Venmegam]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vallavanukku Pullum Aayudham]]'' || Servant ||
|-
| ''[[Vellaikaara Durai]]'' || Varadhan's henchman ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2015 || ''[[Nannbenda]]'' || Sivakolundhu's friend ||
|-
| ''[[Inimey Ippadithan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Vaalu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Savaale Samaali]]'' || Koothu actor ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Narathan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Ner Mugam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2017 || ''[[Enakku Vaaitha Adimaigal]]'' || Rishi ||
|-
| ''[[Si3 (film)|Si3]]'' || Divorcee ||
|-
| ''[[Senjittale En Kadhala]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Pichuva Kaththi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Theru Naaigal]]'' || Maruthamuthu's assistant ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2018 || ''[[Gulaebaghavali]]'' || Car driver ||
|-
| ''Padithavudan Kilithu Vidavum'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2019 || ''[[Thodraa]]'' || ||
|-
|''Mudivilla Punnagai'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thavam (2019 film)|Thavam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Biskoth]]'' || Kidnapper ||
|-
| ''Routtu'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2022 || ''[[Theal (film)|Theal]]'' || ||
|-
|''Kichi Kichi'' || ||
|-
| ''[[My Dear Lisa]]'' || Maari ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2023 || ''[[Bakasuran]]'' || Cool Raja (pimp) ||
|-
|''[[DD Returns]]'' || Money stealer ||
|-
|''[[Kick (2023 film)|Kick]]'' || Shooting spot crew member ||
|-
|''[[Chandramukhi 2]]'' ||House servant ||
|-
| ''[[80s Buildup]]'' || English thief ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2024 || ''[[Vadakkupatti Ramasamy]]'' || Dhanarasu ||
|-
|''[[Inga Naan Thaan Kingu]]'' || Umesh ||
|-
|''[[Thozhar CheGuevara]]'' || Chinnaswamy ||
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2025 || ''[[Otha Votu Muthaiya]]'' || ||
|-
| ''Enai Sudum Pani'' || Mappillai ||
|-
| ''[[Paramasivan Fathima]]'' || "Dubai" Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Pagal Kanavu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Rajini Gaang]]'' || Thangam ||
|-
| 2026 ||''[[Maarconi Mathaai|Kadhal Kadhai Sollava]]'' || Mechanic ||
|-
|}

=== Television ===
*''[[Uravugal]]'' (2009 - 2012)
*''Athu Ithu Yethu'' (2012)
*''[[Genes (season 3)|Genes]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/actors-suresh-and-ponnambalam-of-bigg-boss-tamil-2-fame-to-feature-in-genes/articleshow/67609624.cms|title=Actors Suresh and Ponnambalam of Bigg Boss Tamil 2 fame to feature in 'Genes'|website=The Times of India|date=20 January 2019 }}</ref>
*''Thaaya Tharama''
*''Thillu Mullu'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/thillu-mullu-is-a-theme-based-comedy-show/articleshow/71503416.cms|title=Thillu Mullu is a theme-based comedy show|newspaper=The Times of India|date=9 October 2019|accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/82077/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Thillu-Mullu:-New-program-in-Kalaingar-TV.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008111221/https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-tv-serials/82077/Chinna-thirai-Television-News/Thillu-Mullu:-New-program-in-Kalaingar-TV.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2019|title=சின்னத்திரையில் ஒரு "தில்லு முல்லு" | Thillu Mullu: New program in Kalaingar TV|date=8 October 2019|website=தினமலர் - சினிமா}}</ref>
*''[[Ilakkiya]]'' (2022)
*''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 7 | Bigg Boss Tamil 7]]'' (2023) - Evicted Day 76

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|7070434}}
*[https://www.moviebuff.com/cool-suresh Cool Suresh] on Moviebuff

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Cool}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1987 births]]

Champavati Fort

2026-04-02T05:51:55Z

ChaseBruns: Adding new entry

{{Short description| Fort in Chachaura, Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = '''Champavati Fort'''
|image_skyline = Champavati Fort (1).jpg
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Hindi
| other_name = Chachaura Fort
| settlement_type = '''Fort'''
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = '''(Champavati Fort in Chachaura, Madhya Pradesh, India)'''
| coordinates = {{coord|24|10|36|N|76|59|46|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gwalior]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Guna district|Guna]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of tehsils of Madhya Pradesh|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chachaura tehsil|Chachaura]]
| established_title =
| established_date = 17th Century
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 510
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 473118
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = 07546 }}

'''Champavati Fort''' (also known as '''Chachaura Fort''') is in the city of [[Chachaura]] in the [[Guna district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mande |first1=Pramod Maruti |last2=Yadav |first2=Aniket Ankush |last3=Ghadge |first3=Chetan Gajanan |title=Forts and Palaces in India: Encyclopedia of 4000+ Forts and Palaces Across India |publisher=Aniket Enterprises |year= |page=IV |url=https://archive.org/details/forts-palaces-in-india-encyclopedia-of-4000-forts-palaces-across-india/page/IV/mode/2up |quote=District: Guna / Forts: Chachaura }}</ref>

==History==

The fort was built in the 17th century, by Raja ("king") Vikram Singh of the [[Khinchi dynasty]] of the Chachouda princely state, and named for his wife Rani ("queen") Champavati. After the British attacked the fort, under army officer John Bettis (or Botis), the King was killed, and rather than submit to the British, the Queen jumped into a {{convert|50|m|adj=on}} deep well, sacrificing her life.<ref name="naidunia.com" />

The fort has been conserved and restored by the Madhya Pradesh state archaeology department. It is the first preserved fort in the state which is also named for a woman.<ref name="naidunia.com">{{Cite web |date=2018-11-10 |title=MP में पहली बार रानी का किला किया संरक्षित, साढ़े चार करोड़ से होगा जीर्णोद्धार |url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/guna-for-the-first-time-in-state-queen-champawati-fort-will-be-preserved-and-renovated-by-state-archeology-department-2657927 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-13 |title=*4.20 करोड़ से जीर्णोद्धार:* निखरने लगी चांचौड़ा किले की छवि, साल के अंत तक चलेगा काम |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/bhopal/guna/news/the-image-of-chanchauda-fort-started-to-flourish-the-work-will-continue-till-the-end-of-the-year-128222481.html |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi}}</ref>

The fort is {{convert|1|ha}} in area and is located on a hilltop overlooking the city. It has high fortification walls and strong bastions. The inner courtyard was used for residence and the outer courtyard was used for official work.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-04 |title=चंपावती दुर्ग को गुड़, उड़द दाल, बेल और चूना से दिया जा रहा ऐतिहासिक स्वरूप |url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/guna-guna-news-6739267 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of forts in Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Chachoura]]
* [[Chachaura district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y19XKIqkbj8 Chachaura Fort Vlog]
*[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6b5PcOw_E88 Champavati Fort of Chachaura]

[[Category:Forts in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:17th-century forts in India]]

Hari Santhosh

2026-03-29T10:21:01Z

ChaseBruns:

{{EngvarB|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Hari Santhosh
| image = Hari Santhosh Kannada Film Director.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Hari in 2012
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|01|15}}
| birth_place = [[Sringeri]], Karnataka, India
| occupations = Writer, director, producer, lyricist
| module = known for: [[Alemari]](2012), [[College Kumar (2017 film)|College Kumar]](2017), [[Victory 2]](2019), [[Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange|Bicchugatthi Chapter 1]](2020)
| years_active = 2012–present
}}

'''Hari Santhosh''' is an Indian [[Lyricist|film lyricist]] and director who predominantly works in the [[Kannada film industry]]. He is best known for 2012 film ''[[Alemari]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/hari-santhosh?from=mdr|title=Hari Santhosh|publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/kannada/director/hari-santosh|title=Hari Santhosh|publisher=Nettv4u}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Early life==
Hari Santhosh was born to Harish and Prema in [[Koppa, India|Koppa]], [[Sringeri]] and was Brought up in [[Bengaluru]]. Santhosh went to 'Sri Siddaganga school Rajajinagar' for his primary education. His father Harish worked as an [[Art Director]] in Kannada films and Santhosh accompanied his father in art departmental works during his early days.

==Career==
Hari Santhosh began his film career by working as an assistant director under [[Prem (director)|Prem]] for the Kannada films ''[[Kariya (film)|Kariya]]'', ''[[Excuse Me (2003 film)|Excuse Me]]'', ''[[Jogi (2005 film)|Jogi]]'', ''[[Ee Preethi Yeke Bhoomi Melide]]'' and as an associate director for ''[[Sanju Weds Geetha]]''.
Santhosh made his debut as a Director, Writer and Lyricist in the 2012 film ''[[Alemari]]'' starring [[Yogesh (actor)|Yogesh]] and [[Radhika Pandit]]. Many Critics appreciated the efforts of debut director Hari Santhosh and he was also awarded as the [[Karnataka State Film Award for Director's First Time Best Film|Director's First Time Best Film]] at [[Karnataka State Film Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-alemari-kannada-1660549|title=Review: 'Alemari' (Kannada)|publisher=DNA India}}</ref> Later on Santhosh wrote story screenplay and directed several movies like Darling(2014), Dove(2015) and [[College Kumar (2017 film)|College Kumar]](2017) which was officially remade in the year 2020 in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] Languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/mar/04/never-too-late-to-learn-is-the-message-of-college-kumar-director-17353.html|title=Never too late to learn is the message of College Kumar: Director Hari Santhosh|publisher=Cinema Express}}</ref> In the year 2020 Hari Santhosh Directed [[Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange|Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 – Dalavayi Dange]] which is a historical drama based on a book by Dr. B.L. Venu named ' Bicchugatti Baramanna Nayaka'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/bicchugatthi-movie-review-only-for-lovers-of-period-films-period/articleshow/74407680.cms|title=Bicchugatthi movie review: Only for lovers of period films.|website=Bangalore Mirror Times|language=en|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> Currently Hari Santhosh is shooting for By 2 Love and another big budget action thriller 'Bumper' which is currently being filmed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2019/sep/07/dhanveerahs-bumper-to-be-directed-by-hari-santhosh-2029974.html|title=Dhanveerah's 'Bumper' to be directed by Hari Santhosh |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2016/mar/16/alemari-santhu-to-direct-sriimurali-912036.html|title=Alemari Santhu to Direct Sriimurali|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jan/16/director-hari-santhosh-heads-to-tollywood-1925580.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118135333/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jan/16/director-hari-santhosh-heads-to-tollywood-1925580.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2019|title=Director Hari Santhosh heads to Tollywood |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortble "
|-
! Year !! Film !! Director !! Screenplay !! Story !! Note
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Alemari]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| rowspan="3" |Credited as Santhu
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Darling (2014 film)|Darling]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
| 2015
|''[[Dove (film)|Dove]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
| 2017
|''[[College Kumar (2017 film)|College Kumar]]''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Victory 2]]''
| {{yes}} ||{{no}} ||{{no}} ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/04/hari-santhosh-to-direct-sharan-1717713.htmlhttps://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2017/dec/04/hari-santhosh-to-direct-sharan-1717713.html|title=Hari Santhosh to direct Sharan|publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020
|''[[Bicchugatti]]''
| {{yes}} ||{{no}} ||{{no}} ||
|-
| ''[[College Kumar (2020 film)|College Kumar]]''
| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]-[[Tamil language|Tamil]] film both shot simultaneously
|-
| 2022
| ''[[By Two Love]]''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
| TBA
| ''{{Pending film|Bumper}}''
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|{{yes}}
|
|-
|}

===As lyricist===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5; width:100%;"
|- style="background:#B0C4DE; text-align:center;"
! style="width:3%;"| Film !!style="width:5%;"| Song(s)
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[Alemari]]
| "Neeli Neeli"
|-
|"Maribeku Ninna"
|-
|"Nee Modala Kavite"
|-
|"Thundu Beedi"
|-
|"Ale Aleyo"
|-
|"Dheeraja"
|-
|"Baa Baa"
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Dove (film)|Dove]]
|"Ello Nan Dove"
|-
|"Heegu Irabahude Male"
|-
|"Hello Hello"
|-
|"Haalade Haalade"
|-
|"Heegu Irabahudu feeeling"
|-
|"Miss Call Manji"
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Darling (2014 film)|Darling]]
|"O Darling"
|-
|"Kai Chachu"
|-
|"Naanu swalpa Loosu"
|-
|"Dabba Song"
|-
|"Kanna Neeru"
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[College Kumar (2017 film)|College Kumar]]
|"Naavu Last Bench"
|-
|"Marali Marali"
|-
| [[Akira (2016 Kannada film)|Akira]]
|"Hudugaru Yella olleru"
|-
| [[Vaasu Naan Pakka Commercial]]
|"Helu Baa"
|-
| Preethiya Rayabaari
|"Nangu beka Introduction"
|-
| [[Muddu Manase]]
|"Dooradondhu"
|-
| [[Pataki (film)|Pataki]]
|"Meese Bittivni"
|-
| [[Raj Vishnu]]
|"Lavnya Kai kotbitta"
|-
| [[John Jani Janardhan (2016 film)|John Jani Janardhan]]
|"Hudgeer Hudgeer"
|-
| Deena
|"E Huduge"
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Romeo (2012 film)|Romeo]]
|"Belageddu coffee kudi"
|-
|"Tunturu Tunturu"
|-
| [[Ko Ko]]
|"Govt College"
|-
| [[18th Cross]]
|"Tirugi Tirugi"
|-
| [[Jayammana Maga]]
|"Bell Bottom"
|-
| [[Hebbuli]]
|"Yenne beku anna"
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Tarak (film)|Tarak]]
| "Sanje Hottu ninne"
|-
|"Kudi Maga"
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year{{efn|name=years|Refers to the year in which the award ceremony was held.}} !! Film !! Award !! Category !! Result
|-
|2012
|[[Alemari]]
|[[Karnataka State Film Awards]]
|[[Karnataka State Film Award for Director's First Time Best Film|Best Debut film of Director]]
|{{won}}
|-
|2013
|[[Alemari]]
|[[60th Filmfare Awards South]]
|Best Director
|{{nom}}
|}

===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm11142626}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Santhosh, Hari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Karnataka]]

Achin Vanaik

2026-03-27T05:25:44Z

ChaseBruns: Adding New Details.

{{Short description|Indian political scientist, author, and activist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Achin Vanaik
| image = File:Achin_Vanaik.jpg
| birth_date = 1947
| birth_place = India
| education = [[University of Bristol]]
| occupation = Political scientist, author, activist
| notable_works = ''The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity and Secularization'' (1997)
| awards = Sean MacBride Peace Prize
}}

'''Achin Vanaik''' (born 1947) is an Indian political scientist, author, and activist.

== Early life and education ==
Vanaik was born in India in 1947.<ref name=":7" /> He lived in various places throughout his childhood including China, Ghana, and the United States because his father was a diplomat.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=A.J. |date=2005-08-05 |title='Patka' unravelled |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050805/edit.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051204205836/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050805/edit.htm |archive-date=2005-12-04 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> In 1964, he moved to the United Kingdom to attend school in [[Suffolk]]. Bullied for wearing a [[Patka|turban]], he eventually stopped wearing one.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> He worked at a [[Corona (beer)|Corona]] factory and the post office in Suffolk and later as a bus conductor in London.<ref name=":7" /> After completing a degree in economics and statistics at the [[University of Bristol]] in 1970,<ref name=":2" /> he briefly worked at an accounting firm but did not like it and found a job as a [[croupier]].

While living in the UK, Vanaik became involved in [[Left-wing politics|leftism]], including anti-colonial, anti-racist, and Black power politics, reading books by [[James Baldwin]], [[Stokely Carmichael]], [[Frantz Fanon]], and [[Aimé Césaire]]. According to Vanaik, most of his friends were [[West Indian]], and he did not know many white people.<ref name=":7" /> Between 1971 and 1974, he taught at the Free University of Black Studies, which provided political education to the immigrant community.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7" /> Around the time of [[The Emergency (India)|the state of emergency]] instituted by Indira Gandhi, he returned to India, where he was involved in [[Trade union|labor organizing]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Pennybacker |first=Susan |date=2020-01-17 |title=“Fire by Night, Cloud by Day”: Exile and Refuge in Postwar London |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-british-studies/article/abs/fire-by-night-cloud-by-day-exile-and-refuge-in-postwar-london/155E7438DC6034786ABB07E348BF501E |journal=Journal of British Studies |language=en |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=1–31 |doi=10.1017/jbr.2019.247 |issn=0021-9371}}</ref>

== Career ==
Vanaik served as an editor at ''[[The Times of India]]'' between 1978 and 1990. In 1996, Vanaik began his academic career as a visiting professor in Third World Studies at [[Jamia Millia Islamia|Jamia Milia Islamia University]]. In 2002, he began working at [[Delhi University]], eventually serving as the head of the Political Science Department and Dean of Social Sciences between 2007 and 2010. Since 1998, he has been a fellow of the [[Transnational Institute]] in Amsterdam.<ref name=":2" /> In addition to authoring multiple books, Vanaik has written for ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achin Vanaik |url=https://thewire.in/author/achin-vanaik |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Wire}}</ref> and ''[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-12 |title=Achin Vanaik |url=https://jacobin.com/author/achin-vanaik |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Jacobin |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Nuclear disarmament ===
In response to [[Pokhran-II|Indian nuclear tests]], Vanaik, [[Praful Bidwai]], [[Laxminarayan Ramdas]], and others founded the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace (CNDP) in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-08 |title=Praful Bidwai: Organic intellectual |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/obituary/organic-intellectual/article23592745.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.tni.org/en/article/organic-intellectual |archive-date=2015-07-10 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-10 |title=US Lifts Ban on Nuclear Trade with India |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2008/10/10/us_lifts_ban_on_nuclear_trade |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Democracy Now! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haines |first=Monamie Bhadra |date=2020-12-04 |title=(Nation) building civic epistemologies around nuclear energy in India |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2020.1771145 |journal=Journal of Responsible Innovation |volume=7 |issue=sup1 |pages=34–52 |doi=10.1080/23299460.2020.1771145 |issn=2329-9460}}</ref> Bidwai and Vanaik also wrote ''New Nukes: India, Pakistan, and Global Nuclear Disarmament'' (2000).<ref>Paul TV. [https://academic.oup.com/psq/article-abstract/116/4/644/6962695 New Nukes (Book)]. ''Political Science Quarterly (Academy of Political Science)''. 2001;116(4):644. doi:10.2307/798229</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Amitava |date=2001-04-05 |title=Bristling on the Subcontinent |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/bristling-subcontinent/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922093659/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/bristling-subcontinent/ |archive-date=2021-09-22 |access-date=2025-09-05 |work=Nation |language=en-US |issn=0027-8378}}</ref> That year, Bidwai and Vanaik were awarded the [[International Peace Bureau|Sean MacBride Peace Prize]] for their advocacy against nuclear weapons.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarwar |first=Beena |title=Farewell, Praful Bidwai |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/personal-political/farewell-praful-bidwai/?source=app |access-date=2025-08-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Achin Vanaik Papers |url=https://archives.ashoka.edu.in/paper_details/208 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Archives of Contemporary India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seán MacBride Peace Prize |url=https://ipb.org/sean-macbride-peace-prize/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=International Peace Bureau}}</ref> In 2015, Vanaik published ''After The Bomb'', a collection of essays criticizing the Indian nuclear program and proposing steps to limit nuclear weapons.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=Book Review: After the Bomb – Reflections on India's Nuclear Journey |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/the-rogue-weapon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027204543/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/the-rogue-weapon/ |archive-date=2015-10-27 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kapoor |first=Harsh |date=2015-09-01 |title=Book Review: Achin Vanaik, After the Bomb: Reflections on India's Nuclear Journey |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085715589494 |journal=Social Change |language=EN |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=491–494 |doi=10.1177/0049085715589494 |issn=0049-0857}}</ref>

=== Hindu nationalism ===
In a 1994 paper, Vanaik argued that [[Hindutva]] is not [[Fascism|fascist]] and that labelling it as such could "disorient the organization of opposition". However, he stated that it has the potential for fascism.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Reddy |first=Deepa |date=2011 |title=Capturing Hindutva: Rhetorics and Strategies |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00289.x |journal=Religion Compass |language=en |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=427–438 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00289.x |issn=1749-8171}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Achin Vanaik |year=1994 |title=Situating Threat of Hindu Nationalism: Problems with Fascist Paradigm |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=29 |pages=1729–1748 |jstor=4401457 |number=28}}</ref> [[Rustom Bharucha]] criticized his argument as underestimating the fascism present in Hindutva.<ref name=":5" /> Shortly before the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) took power in the [[1998 Indian general election|1998 general election]], Vanaik published ''The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity and Secularization'' (1997).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Ramana |first=M. V. |date=2017-08-24 |title=Worth reading in the Trump era: Nuclear nightmares, authoritarianism and climate change |url=http://theconversation.com/worth-reading-in-the-trump-era-nuclear-nightmares-authoritarianism-and-climate-change-83024 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref> In this book, Vanaik details the rise of [[Hindu nationalism]] and proposes an alternative political movement that he says can gain power by bettering the lives of Indians.<ref>Rogall N. The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity and Secularization (Book). ''Contemporary Politics''. 1998;4(1):93. doi:10.1080/13569779808449952</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Prashad |first=Vijay |date=1999-05-01 |title=The Furies of Indian Communalism. Religion, Modernity and SecularizationLegacy of a Divided Nation: India's Muslims since IndependenceReligion, Federalism and the Struggle for Public Life: Cases from Germany, India and America |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/2659476 |journal=Journal of Asian Studies |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=560–562 |doi=10.2307/2659476 |issn=0021-9118}}</ref> [[Vijay Prashad]] referred to the book as "compulsory reading for anyone interested in recent political developments in India."<ref name=":4" /> Ten years later, ''The Furies of Indian Communalism'' was expanded and re-published as ''The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism: Secular Claims, Communal Realities''.<ref name=":3" /> In his 2020 book, ''Nationalist Dangers, Secular Failings: A Compass for an Indian Left'', Vanaik argues that the only way to reduce Hindutva's power is to create a "new, much more radical Left force".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Amol |date=2020-11-18 |title=The Rise of Hindu Nationalism and the Failures of the Indian Left |url=https://jacobin.com/2020/11/hindu-nationalism-indian-left-failures-political-strategy |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Jacobin |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== India-Israel relations ===
Vanaik has argued that [[India–Israel relations|India's relations with Israel]] has always been based on [[realpolitik]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moaswes |first=Abdulla |date=2024-06-26 |title=Global Hindutva and the Palestinian Cause |url=https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.13169/reorient.8.2.0239 |journal=ReOrient |language=en |volume=8 |pages=239–261 |doi=10.13169/reorient.8.2.0239 |issn=2055-5601}}</ref> noting that India purchased weapons from Israel in the 1960s despite its public pro-Palestine stance at the time.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Osuri |first=Goldie |date=2020-05-03 |title=Kashmir and Palestine: itineraries of (anti) colonial solidarity |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1070289X.2019.1675334 |journal=Identities |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=339–356 |doi=10.1080/1070289X.2019.1675334 |issn=1070-289X}}</ref><ref>Vanaik, Achin. 2014. “The Art of Accepting Fait Accompli”. In From India to Palestine: Essays in Solidarity, edited by G. Hariharan, 102-114. Delhi: Leftword.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanaik |first=Achin |date=2025-07-10 |title=India, Israel, Palestine |url=https://www.tni.org/en/article/india-israel-palestine |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Transnational Institute |language=en}}</ref> Vanaik has also written about the BJP's strengthening of relations with Israel, arguing that Hindutva and [[Zionism]] are similar<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanaik |first=Achin |date=2019-06-12 |title=As the Hindu Rashtra Project Rolls on, It's Time to Consider What the End Goal Is |url=https://thewire.in/politics/hindu-rashtra-project-end-goal |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanaik |first=Achin |date=2022-11-28 |title=Does Modi's India Care About Palestine Any More? |url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/narendra-modi-india-palestine |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Wire}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> and that BJP leaders admire Israel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2022 |title=Israeli officials scramble to avert diplomatic crisis in India over 'Kashmir Files' film |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-jury-head-indian-film-festival-calls-modi-promoted-kashmir-files-propaganda |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref>

At the beginning of the [[Gaza war]], Vanaik gave a lecture at [[O. P. Jindal Global University|OP Jindal Global University]], in which he compared [[Hindutva]] to [[Zionism]] and called Hindutva "anti-Muslim". Additionally, he critiqued how the label terrorism is applied and stated that suicide bombers are more interested in dying than killing.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Afterwards, the university registrar condemned his comments about Hindutva and suicide bombers, while the Israeli ambassador condemned his comments about Israel.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> [[IIT Bombay|IIT-Bombay]] cancelled a lecture he was scheduled to give.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=Freefall In India's Academic Freedom Ranking Is Reflected In Cancelled Lectures At IIT Bombay & Elsewhere |url=https://article-14.com/post/freefall-in-india-s-academic-freedom-ranking-is-reflected-in-cancelled-lectures-at-iit-bombay-elsewhere-670749ce2fd0f |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Article 14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian universities build closer ties with Israeli colleges and arms firms despite Gaza war |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/war-on-gaza-india-universities-build-closer-ties-israel-colleges |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> Vanaik reaffirmed his statements but clarified that he does not support terrorism.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-11-20 |title=Stand by my remarks, says scholar after row over his Israel-Palestine lecture at Jindal university |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1059326/stand-by-my-remarks-says-scholar-after-row-over-his-israel-palestine-lecture-at-jindal-university |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Porecha |first=Maitri |date=2023-11-19 |title=Scholar stands by his lecture at O.P. Jindal University, regrets its misinterpretation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/scholar-stands-by-his-lecture-at-op-jindal-university-regrets-its-misinterpretation/article67551383.ece |access-date=2025-08-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Abhish K. |date=2024-06-30 |title=The Menace of Hindutva |url=https://againstthecurrent.org/atc231/the-menace-of-hindutva/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Against the Current |language=en-US}}</ref> A statement denouncing the Israeli embassy's "interference with academic freedom on Indian campuses" was signed by 470 Indian academics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-08 |title=Indian academics protest Israeli interference on campus |url=https://arab.news/cydzj |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 400 Signatories Express Outrage Over Silencing of Talks on Palestine on Indian Campuses |url=https://thewire.in/rights/over-400-signatories-express-outrage-over-silencing-of-talks-on-palestine-on-indian-campuses |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nevatia |first=Shreevatsa |date=2023-12-14 |title=Why Zionism rules the hearts of Hindutva acolytes |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/why-zionism-rules-the-hearts-of-hindutva-acolytes/article67637346.ece |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=Frontline |language=en}}</ref>

== Books ==

* ''The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity and Secularization'' (Verso, 1997)
* ''New Nukes: India, Pakistan, and Global Nuclear Disarmament'', with Praful Bidwai. ''(Olive Branch Press, 2000)''
* ''After The Bomb: Post-Pokharan II Essays'' (Orient Black Swan, 2015)
* ''The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism: Secular Claims, Communal Realities'' (Verso, 2017)
* ''Nationalist Dangers, Secular Failings: A Compass for an Indian Left'' (Aakar Books, 2020)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=Achin Vanaik |url=https://www.tni.org/en/profile/achin-vanaik |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Transnational Institute |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vanaik, Achin}}
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian anti–nuclear weapons activists]]
[[Category:Indian opinion journalists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]

Secretary to the Government of India

2026-03-24T11:47:50Z

ChaseBruns: fixed issues

{{Short description|Indian government official}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Union Secretary
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagborder= yes
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| insignia = Emblem_of_India.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| insigniasize = 80px
| insigniacaption = [[State Emblem of India]]
| reports_to = {{hlist |[[Parliament of India]] | [[President of India]] | [[Union Council of Ministers]] | [[Prime Minister of India]]}}
| residence =
| seat = {{hlist|[[Union Government ministries of India|Union Ministries of India]], [[New Delhi]]}}
| appointer = [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]]
| appointer_qualified =
| termlength = {{raise|0.0em|No term length|title=Fixed tenure planned for Home, Defence Secretaries|last=Khare|first=Harish|date=February 8, 2005|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=January 10, 2018}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/22fixed.htm|title=Fixed tenure for defence, home secretaries|date=September 22, 2005|website=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/fixed-tenure-for-defence-home-secretaries/324513|title=Fixed tenure for Defence, Home Secretaries|date=September 22, 2005|website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}</ref>
| succession = 23rd {{small|(on the [[Indian order of precedence]].)}}
| inaugural =
| formation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1st November 1858}}{{efn|On 1 Nov 1858, British Crown assumes rule; Queen's Proclamation issued; departments reorganized under Viceroy and Executive Council. Secretaries to the Government of India appointed for key departments like Home, Finance, Revenue, etc. During 1860s–1900s, The title “Secretary to the Government of India” is in regular use in India Office Records and gazettes (e.g., “H. H. Risley, Secretary to the Government of India in the Home Department”).}}
| salary = {{INRConvert|225000}} monthly<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":India Today 7CPC" />
| website =
| department = [[Government of India]]
| native_name =
| member_of = Committee of Secretaries on Administration
| termlength_qualified = Term extendable
| body =
| image =
| incumbent =
}}
{{Politics of India}}
'''Secretary to the Government of India''', often abbreviated as '''Secretary, GoI''', or simply as '''Secretary''', is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="CSS">{{cite web|url=http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02eod/36_77_94_EO(SM-I).pdf|title=The Central Staffing Scheme|date=January 1996|publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref> The authority for the creation of this post solely rests with the [[Union Council of Ministers]].<ref name="Joint Secretary Cabinet India">{{cite web|title=Only Cabinet can create Joint Secretary, above level posts|url=https://www.ptinews.com/news/8615222_Only-Cabinet-can-create-Joint-Secretary--above-level-posts.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622190649/https://www.ptinews.com/news/8615222_Only-Cabinet-can-create-Joint-Secretary--above-level-posts.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-06-22|publisher=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>

The position holder is generally a [[Civil Services of India|career civil servant]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/parity-between-ias-and-non-ias-the-ias-will-get-to-decide/story-9RijZjXY4DeaPlvo8m25mJ.html|title=Parity between IAS and non-IAS? The IAS will get to decide|last=Tikku|first=Aloke|date=January 15, 2016|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.asianage.com/india/non-ias-bureaucrats-now-eligible-secretary-level-posts-288|title=Non-IAS bureaucrats now eligible for secretary-level posts|date=January 18, 2016|work=[[The Asian Age]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/alleging-bias-non-ias-officers-petition-pm-modi-4473316/|title=Alleging bias, non-IAS officers petition PM Modi|last=Dastidar|first=Avishek G|date=January 14, 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> and a government official of high seniority. The civil servants who hold this rank and post are either from [[All India Services]] or [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Civil Services]]. All promotions and appointments to this rank and post are directly made by the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]].

In the functioning of the [[Government of India]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|title=Part I of the Constitution of India- The Union and its territory - Article 1|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010141832/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(4).pdf|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=January 15, 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(17).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits - Article 300|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131439/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi%2Denglish/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss%2817%29.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-03|url-status=dead|access-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Services under the Union and the states">{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|title=Part XIV of the Constitution of India- Services under the Union and the States - Article 312(2)|website=[[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law and Justice]], [[Government of India]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203131448/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/Const.Pock%202Pg.Rom8Fsss(19).pdf|archive-date=2011-12-03|url-status=dead|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> a secretary is the administrative head of a ministry or department,<ref name="Governance India">{{cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=[[Noida]]|pages=3.1–3.10|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref name="CSMOP India">{{cite web|url=https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSMOP_0_0.pdf|title=Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure - 14th Edition (2015)|publisher=[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (India)|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pension]]|page=6|access-date=15 November 2016}}</ref> and is equivalent to [[Chief secretary (India)|chief secretaries]] of [[State governments of India|state governments]] and [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], General Officers Commanding in Chief of Army Commands, and their equivalents in the [[Indian Armed Forces]],<ref name="TGC Entry">{{cite web|url=https://joinindianarmy.nic.in/writereaddata/Portal/NotificationPDF/Notification_TES-47_.pdf|title=TGC Entry Advert, 2022|date=Jan 24, 2022|work=[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]], [[Government of India]]|access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref> In the [[Department of Military Affairs]], the [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]] is currently designated as Secretary (GoI), similarly in the National Security Council Secretariat, the [[National Security Advisor (India)|National Security Advisor]] is currently designated as Secretary (GoI).<ref name="DMA MOD India">{{cite web|url=https://mod.gov.in/department-military-affairs-2|title=Who's Who: Department of Military Affairs|date=|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (India)]]|access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref>

Secretaries (GOI) rank 23rd on [[Indian order of precedence|Order of Precedence of India]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|title=Table of Precedence|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], [[Government of India]]|publisher=President's Secretariat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428030937/http://mha.nic.in/hindi/top|archive-date=2014-04-28|url-status=dead|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Maheshwari 2001 6662">{{cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=[[New Delhi]]|edition=6th}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:C H Bhabha inaugurating meeting of the Indian Oilseeds Committee.jpg|thumb|right|[[C. H. Bhabha]] with a Secretary and a few [[Joint Secretary to Government of India|Joint Secretaries]] to the Government of India in 1947.|305x305px]]

In mid-1930s, the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Central Secretariat]] contained only twenty-nine{{Nbsp}}secretaries,<ref name="Britain Imperial"/> who were all members of the [[Indian Civil Service]]. The salary for a member of this rank and post was fixed at {{INRConvert|48|k|year=1930}} annum in the 1930s.<ref name="Britain Imperial">{{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|author-link = Anthony Kirk-Greene|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=[[New York City]]}}</ref> As per warrant or precedence of 1905,<ref name=":10">As per published records and book named "The India List and India Office List 1905" as published by [[India Office]] and [[India Office Records]].</ref> secretaries to the Government of India was listed together with [[Joint secretary to the Government of India|joint secretaries to the Government of India]] and were ranked above the rank of [[Chief secretary (India)|chief secretaries]] of provincial governments.<ref name=":10" />

[[N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar]] had once suggested "[a] secretary should not be immersed in files and burdened with routine. It is essential that he should have time to grasp the overall picture, size up the problems facing the government in the field allotted to his charge, and think and plan ahead. All these are his proper functions and must be efficiently performed. Failure to make adequate provision in this respect cannot be compensated by a mere increase in the establishment under his control."<ref name="Indian Administration">{{cite book|title=Indian Administration|last1=Singh|first1=Hoshiar|last2=Singh|first2=Pankaj|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2011|isbn=978-8131761199|location=[[Delhi]]|pages=104–126|edition=1st}}</ref> The [[Administrative Reforms Commission]] visualised the role of secretary, primarily as one of a "coordinator, policy guide, reviewer, and evaluator."<ref name="Indian Administration"/>

Before [[Partition of India]], notable officers who served as Secretary in the Central Government include - [[Allan Octavian Hume|Allan Hume]], [[Edward Charles Buck|Edward Buck]], [[Thomas Holderness]], [[N. R. Pillai]], [[Y. N. Sukthankar]], [[Charles Ogilvie (civil servant)|Charles Ogilvie]], [[Archdale Earle]], [[Charles Todhunter]], [[Jeremy Raisman]], [[Herbert Hope Risley]], [[Robert Warrand Carlyle|Robert Carlyle]], [[Henry Moncrieff Smith|Henry Smith]], [[C. S. Venkatachar]], [[V. P. Menon]].

==Tenure and Appointment==
A member of All India Services is appointed to this rank and post only on tenure. This tenure is a deputation to the Central Government and does not carry a fixed term. They serve at the pleasure and will of the [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]].

A member of Central Civil Services is appointed to this rank and post as per vacancy in their own service cadre and are empanelled.

== Powers, responsibilities and postings ==
[[File:Government of India hierarchy.svg|alt=|thumb|680x680px|The organizational structure of a department of the Government of India.]]
A secretary to the Government of India is the administrative head of a ministry or department and is the principal adviser to the minister-in charge on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry or department.<ref name="CSMOP India"/>

The role of a secretary is as follows:
* To act as the administrative head of the ministry or department. The responsibility in this regard is complete and undivided.<ref name="Governance India"/>
* To act as the chief adviser to the minister on all aspects of policy and administrative affairs.<ref name="Governance India"/>
* To represent the ministry or department before the [[Public Accounts Committee (India)|Public Accounts Committee]] of the [[Parliament of India]].<ref name="Governance India"/>

The [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]]-led [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]] is the final authority on posting and transfer of officers of secretary level.<ref name="Postings and Transfer">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/PM-to-oversee-cadre-allocation-of-bureaucrats-postings-of-joint-secretaries-and-above/articleshow/40451799.cms|title=PM to oversee cadre allocation of bureaucrats, postings of joint secretaries and above|date=August 21, 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=September 17, 2017}}</ref> Secretaries report to their ministerial [[Union Council of Ministers of India|cabinet minister]] and to the [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}

==Position==
In the [[Government of India|Indian government]], secretaries are the head of the ministries of the government and hold positions such as [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary]], [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]], [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]], [[Home Secretary (India)|Home Secretary]], [[Chairperson of the Railway Board]] and members of the Railway Board and [[Telecom Commission of India|Telecom Commission]].

According to the report of the [[7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces|Seventh{{Nbsp}}Central Pay Commission]] of India, seventy-one out of ninety-one secretaries to the Government of India are from the [[Indian Administrative Service]].<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report">{{cite web |title=Report of the 7th Central Pay Commission of India |url=http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120092637/http://7cpc.india.gov.in/pdf/sevencpcreport.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=August 13, 2017 |publisher=Seventh Central [[Pay Commission]], [[Government of India]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Emolument, accommodation and prequisites ==
[[File:Indian Official Passports Front.svg|thumb|An Indian diplomatic passport and an official generally issued to Secretaries to the Government of India.|220x220px]]

All secretaries to the Government of India are eligible for a [[Diplomatic passport]] or Official passport. Secretaries are allotted either type-VII or type-VIII [[Bungalow on the Beach|bungalows]] in areas like [[New Moti Bagh]] and [[Lutyens' Delhi|Lutyens']] across [[Delhi]] by the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]]' Directorate of Estates.<ref name="Live Residence">{{cite web|url=http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf|title=Compendium (RTI Act) – Government Residence (General Pool in Delhi) Rules|date=January 2013|publisher=Directorate of Estates, [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] They are also eligible for Y+ security i.e of 4 Para commando and 18 Armed Forces.|access-date=21 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113222729/http://estates.nic.in/WriteReadData/dlrtiact/compendium.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="express2011">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/new-homes-for-govt-staff-changing-new-delhi/820172/0|title=New homes for govt staff changing New Delhi|last=Gupta|first=Geeta|date=July 21, 2011|work=[[Indian Express]]|access-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name=":Home Secy. residence">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/home-secretary-gives-the-miss-to-fortified-bungalow/article7656529.ece|title=Home Secretary gives the miss to fortified bungalow|last=Singh|first=Vijaita|date=September 16, 2015|website=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=October 6, 2017}}</ref>

The salary and emolument in this rank is equivalent<ref name="TGC Entry" /> to [[Chief Secretary (India)|chief secretaries]] of state governments and to [[Vice Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Vice Chief of the Army Staff]], General Officers Commanding in Chief of Army Commands, and their equivalents, in the [[Indian Armed Forces]], which is to say Level 17 of the Central Pay Matrix.<ref name="TGC Entry" />

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="margin: 1ex 0 1ex 1ex; "
|- style="text-align: center; " Colspan="2"
|+Secretary to the Government of India monthly pay and allowances
! Base salary as per the Seventh{{Nbsp}}Pay Commission !! Pay matrix level
!Sources
|-
| {{INRConvert|225000}}{{Nbsp}}per{{Nbsp}}month|| Pay{{Nbsp}}level{{Nbsp}}17
|<ref name="7 Pay Commission Report" /><ref name=":India Today 7CPC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fyi/story/7th-pay-commission-cleared-what-is-pay-commission-how-does-it-effect-our-pockets-16980-2016-06-29|title=7th Pay Commission cleared: What is the Pay Commission? How does it affect salaries?|date=June 29, 2016|editor-last=Biswas|editor-first=Shreya|website=[[India Today]]|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==International equivalency==
The position of Secretary in Government of India is equivalent to [[Permanent secretary (UK)|Permanent Secretary]] in [[His Majesty's Civil Service]] (UK), Administrative Vice-Ministers in [[Civil service of Japan]], Secretary General in [[Italian Senior Civil Service]], [[Department secretary]] in [[Australian Government]], [[Deputy minister (Canada)|Deputy Minister]] in [[Government of Canada]] and [[Federal Secretary]] in [[Central Superior Services]] of [[Pakistan]].

==List of current secretaries to the Government of India==
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Secretaries to the [[Government of India]]<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Secretaries to the Government of India (as on 2 July 2025) |url=https://documents.doptcirculars.nic.in/D2/D02eod/I-SecyU5FGQ.pdf |website=Department of Personnel and Training |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref>

! style="padding-center:15px;" |Office or Ministry
! style="padding-center:15px;" |Designation
! style="padding-center:15px;" |Name of secretary
! style="padding-center:15px;" |Background
! style="padding-center:15px;" |Batch
|-
| President's Secretariat
| Secretary to the [[President of India|President]]
| Deepti Umashankar
| rowspan="4" |[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1993
|-
| Vice President's Secretariat
| Secretary to the [[Vice-President of India|Vice President]]
| [[Amit Khare]]
| 1985{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]]
| rowspan=2|[[Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India|''Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister'']]
| [[Pramod Kumar Mishra|P.K. Mishra]]
| 1972{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
| [[Shaktikanta Das]]
| 1980{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
|Supreme Court Registry Office
|Secretary General of [[Supreme Court of India]]
|Bharat Parashar
|[[Judiciary of India|Legal Service]]
|—
|-
| rowspan="2" |Parliament's Secretariat
|[[Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha]]
|[[Pramod Chandra Mody]]
| [[Indian Revenue Service (Income Tax)|IRS (IT)]]
| 1982{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
|[[Secretary General of the Lok Sabha]]
|[[Utpal Kumar Singh]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|1986{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]]
| [[Cabinet Secretary of India|''Cabinet Secretary'']]{{efn|name=fn3|Cabinet Secretary is not a secretary rank position but the highest level of empanelment in the Government of India is at the secretary rank.}}
| [[T. V. Somanathan]]
| 1987
|-
|Secretary (Coordination)
|Manoj Govil
|1991
|-
| Secretary ([[Special Protection Group|Security]])
| rowspan=2|[[Parag Jain]]{{efn|Currently holding the additional charge of the Secretary (Security) since 12 November 2025.}}
| rowspan=2|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| rowspan=2|1989
|-
| [[Secretary (Research)]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare|Agriculture and Farmers Welfare]]
| Secretary (Agriculture and Farmers Welfare)
| Atish Chandra
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|1994
|-
| Secretary (Agricultural Research and Education)
| Mangi Lal Jat
| [[Scientist]]
| —
|-
| [[Department of Atomic Energy|Atomic Energy]]
| Secretary (Atomic Energy) and chairperson, [[Atomic Energy Commission of India|Atomic Energy Commission]]
| [[Ajit Kumar Mohanty]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ajit Kumar Mohanty pointed As Atomic Energy Commission Chief |work=Times of India.com |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odia-physicist-new-chairman-of-atomic-energy-commission/articleshow/99887540.cms?from=mdr |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Scientist]]
| rowspan="2" |—
|-
| [[Ministry of AYUSH|AYUSH]]
| Secretary (AYUSH)
| [[Rajesh Kotecha]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Chemicals and Fertilizers]]
| Secretary (Chemicals and Petrochemicals)
| Nivedita Shukla Verma
| rowspan="7" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1991
|-
| Secretary (Fertilizers)
| Rajat Kumar Mishra
| 1992
|-
| Secretary (Pharmaceuticals)
| Manoj Joshi
| 1989
|-
| [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]]
| Secretary (Civil Aviation)
| [[Samir Kumar Sinha]]
| 1994
|-
| [[Ministry of Coal|Coal]]
| Secretary (Coal)
| Vikram Dev Dutt
|1993
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Commerce and Industry]]
| Secretary (Commerce)
| Rajesh Agarwal
| 1994
|-
| Secretary (Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade)
| Amardeep Singh Bhatia
| 1993
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Communications]]
| Secretary ([[India Post|Posts]])
| Subrat Das
| [[Indian Postal Service|IPoS]]
| 1991
|-
| Secretary ([[Department of Telecommunications|Telecommunications]]) and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Chairperson, Digital Communication Commission
| Amit Agrawal
| rowspan="8" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1993
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution]]
| Secretary (Consumer Affairs)
| Nidhi Khare
| 1992
|-
| Secretary (Food and Public Distribution)
| Sanjeev Chopra
| 1990
|-
| [[Ministry of Co-operation|Co-operation]]
| Secretary (Co-operation)
| [[Ashish Kumar Bhutani]]
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Corporate Affairs|Corporate Affairs]]
| Secretary (Corporate Affairs)
| Deepti Gaur Mukerjee
| 1993
|-
| [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Culture]]
| Secretary (Culture)
| Vivek Aggarwal
|1994
|-
| rowspan="5" |[[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence]]
| [[Defence Secretary (India)|Defence Secretary]]
|[[Rajesh Kumar Singh (civil servant)|Rajesh Kumar Singh]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=Govt appoints Rajesh Kumar Singh as Defence Secretary |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/india/story/govt-appoints-rajesh-kumar-singh-as-defence-secretary-441840-2024-08-16 |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>
| 1989
|-
| Secretary (Defence Production)
| Sanjeev Kumar
|1993
|-
| Secretary ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development]]) and chairperson, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]
| Samir V. Kamath
| [[Scientist]]
| —
|-
| Secretary (Ex-Servicemen Welfare)
| Sukriti Likhi
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1993
|-
| Secretary ([[Department of Military Affairs]]) and [[Chief of Defence Staff (India)|Chief of Defence Staff]]
| [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]]
| [[Indian Armed Forces]]
| —
|-
| [[Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region|Development of North Eastern Region]]
| Secretary (Development of North Eastern Region)
| Chanchal Kumar<ref>{{cite news |title=Big Reshuffle at Centre, Modi Govt Shifts 16 IAS Officers, 3 IAS Elevated to Rank of Secy |url=https://indianmasterminds.com/news/ias-news/big-reshuffle-at-central-modi-government-shifted-16-ias-officer-3-ias-elevated-to-rank-of-secy/ |access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref>
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Earth Sciences|Earth Sciences]]
| Secretary (Earth Sciences) and chairperson, Earth Commission
| M. Ravichandran
| [[Scientist]]
| —
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Education (India)|Education]]
| Secretary ([[Department of Higher Education (India)|Higher Education]])
| [[Vineet Joshi]]
| rowspan=4| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1992
|-
| Secretary (School Education and Literacy)
| Sanjay Kumar
| 1990
|-
| [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|Electronics and Information Technology]]
| Secretary (Electronics and Information Technology)
| [[S. Krishnan]]<ref name="Secy2023">{{cite news |date=1 September 2023 |title=S Krishnan is new Meity secy, Neeraj Mittal to lead telecom dept in reshuffle |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/major-bureaucratic-reshuffle-ias-officers-appointed-to-senior-positions-in-central-government-101693556698680.html |access-date=24 September 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
| 1989
|-
| [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Environment, Forest and Climate Change]]
| Secretary (Environment, Forest and Climate Change)
| Tanmay Kumar
| 1993
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|External Affairs]]
| [[Foreign Secretary (India)|Foreign Secretary]]
| [[Vikram Misri]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Indian Foreign Service|IFS]]
| 1989
|-
| Secretary (East)
| Periasamy Kumaran
| 1992
|-
| Secretary (West)
| [[Sibi George]]
| 1993
|-
| Secretary (CPV & OIA)
| Sripriya Ranganathan
| 1994
|-
| Secretary (Economic Relations)
| Sudhakar Dalela
| 1993
|-
| Secretary (South)
| Dr. [[Neena Malhotra]]
| 1992
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Finance]]
| Secretary (Expenditure)
| Vumlunmang Vualnam
|rowspan="10" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|1992
|-
|
Secretary (Economic Affairs)
| Anuradha Thakur
| 1994
|-
| Secretary (Public Enterprises)
| [[K Moses Chalai]]
|1990
|-
| Secretary ([[Revenue Secretary]])
| Arvind Shrivastava
|1994
|-
| [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary]] Secretary (Investment and Public Asset Management)
| Arunish Chawla
| 1992
|-
| Secretary (Financial Services)
| Nagaraju Maddirala
| 1993
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying|Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying]]
| Secretary (Animal Husbandry and Dairying)
| Naresh Pal Gangwar
| 1994
|-
| Secretary (Fisheries)
| Dr. Abhilaksh Likhi
| 1991
|-
| [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries|Food Processing Industries]]
| Secretary (Food Processing Industries)
| Avinash Purushottam Das Joshi
| 1994
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Health and Family Welfare]]
| Secretary (Health and Family Welfare)
| Punya Salila Srivastava
|1993
|-
| Secretary (Health Research) and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Director General, [[Indian Council of Medical Research|ICMR]]
| Dr. Rajiv Bahl
| [[Scientist]]
| —
|-
| [[Ministry of Heavy Industries|Heavy Industries]]
| Secretary (Heavy Industry)
| Kamran Rizvi
| rowspan="4" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1991
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]]
| [[Home Secretary (India)|Home Secretary]]
|[[Govind Mohan]]
| 1989
|-
| Secretary (Official Language)
| Ansuli Arya
| 1989
|-
| Secretary (Border Management)
| Rajendra Kumar
|1992
|-
| Secretary ([[Inter-State Council]] Secretariat)
| Ashish Srivastava
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Housing and Urban Affairs]]
| Secretary (Housing and Urban Affairs)
| Katikithala Srinivas
| rowspan="6" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|1989
|-
| [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Information and Broadcasting]]
| Secretary (Information and Broadcasting)
| Sanjay Jaju
| 1992
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Ministry of Jal Shakti|Jal Shakti]]
| Secretary (Drinking Water and Sanitation)
| Ashok Kumar Kaluaram Meena
| 1993
|-
| Secretary (Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation)
| VL Kantha Rao
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)|Labour and Employment]]
| Secretary (Labour and Employment)
| Vandana Gurnani
| 1991
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Law and Justice]]
| Secretary (Justice)
| Niraj Verma
|1994
|-
| Secretary (Legal Affairs)
| Anju Rathi Rana
| [[Judiciary of India|Legal Service]]
| —
|-
| Secretary (Legislative)
| Dr. Rajiv Mani
| [[Judiciary of India|Legal Service]]
| —
|-
| [[Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises]]
| Secretary (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises)
| Subhas Chandra Lal Das
| rowspan="13" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]]
| Secretary (Mines)
| Piyush Goyal
| 1994
|-
| [[Ministry of Minority Affairs|Minority Affairs]]
| Secretary (Minority Affairs)
| Chandra Sekhar Kumar
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of New and Renewable Energy|New and Renewable Energy]]
| Secretary (New and Renewable Energy)
| Santosh Kumar Sarangi
|1994
|-
|[[NITI Aayog]] ( previously Planning Commission)
|Chief Executive Officer and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Secretary
|[[BVR Subrahmanyam]]
|1987{{Efn|Retired|name=Retired}}
|-
| [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj|Panchayati Raj]]
| Secretary (Panchayati Raj)
| Vivek Bhardwaj
| 1990
|-
| [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs]]
| Secretary (Parliamentary Affairs)
| Nikunja Bihari Dhal
| 1993
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
| Secretary (Personnel and Training)
| rowspan="3" | Rachna Shah<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-25 |title=Government reshuffles senior IAS officers; Key changes in finance, textiles, education - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/government-reshuffles-senior-ias-officers-key-changes-in-finance-textiles-education-19529624.htm |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |1991
|-
| Secretary (Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances)
|-
| Secretary (Pension and Pensioners’ Welfare)
|-
| [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Petroleum and Natural Gas]]
| Secretary (Petroleum and Natural Gas)
| [[Neeraj Mittal]]
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways|Ports, Shipping and Waterways]]
| Secretary (Ports, Shipping and Waterways)
| Vijay Kumar
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Power (India)|Power]]
| Secretary (Power)
| Pankaj Agarwal
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railway]] ([[Railway Board]])
| [[Chairperson of the Railway Board|Chairperson, Railway Board]] and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Principal Secretary
| Satish Kumar
| [[Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers|IRSME]]
| 1986
|-
| [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways|Road Transport and Highways]]
| Secretary (Road Transport and Highways)
| V Umashankar
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|1989
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Rural Development (India)|Rural Development]]
| Secretary (Land Resources)
| Manoj Joshi
| 1989
|-
| Secretary (Rural Development)
| Shailesh Kumar Singh
| 1991
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Science and Technology]]
| Secretary (Biotechnology)
| [[Rajesh Sudhir Gokhale]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Scientist]]
| rowspan="3" | —
|-
| Secretary (Science and Technology)
|[[Abhay Karandikar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETTelecom.com |title=Government appoints Abhay Karandikar as Department of Science & Technology Secretary - ET Telecom |url=https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/policy/government-appoints-abhay-karandikar-as-department-of-science-technology-secretary/103730487 |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=ETTelecom.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| Secretary (Scientific and Industrial Research) and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Director General, [[Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]]
| N. Kalaiselvi
|-
| [[Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship|Skill Development and Entrepreneurship]]
| Secretary (Skill Development and Entrepreneurship)
| Debashree Mukherjee
| rowspan="3"| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1991
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment|Social Justice and Empowerment]]
| Secretary (Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities)
| V Vidyavathi
| 1991
|-
| Secretary (Social Justice and Empowerment)
| [[Sudhansh Pant]]
| 1991
|-
| [[Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation|Statistics and Programme Implementation]]
| Secretary (Statistics and Programme Implementation)
| [[Saurabh Garg]]
| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1991
|-
| [[Department of Space|Space]]
| Secretary (Space) and ''[[Ex-officio|ex officio]]'' Chairperson of [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] and Space Commission
| [[V. Narayanan (engineer)|V. Narayanan]]
|[[Scientist]]
| —
|-
| [[Ministry of Steel|Steel]]
| Secretary (Steel)
| Sandeep Pondrik
| rowspan="7"| [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| 1993
|-
| [[Ministry of Textiles|Textiles]]
| Secretary (Textiles)
| Neelam Shammi Rao
| 1992
|-
| [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Tourism]]
| Secretary (Tourism)
| Srivatsa Krishna
| 1994
|-
| [[Ministry of Tribal Affairs|Tribal Affairs]]
| Secretary (Tribal Affairs)
| Ranjana Chopra
| 1994
|-
| [[Ministry of Women and Child Development|Women and Child Development]]
| Secretary (Women and Child Development)
| Anil Malik
|1991
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports|Youth Affairs and Sports]]
| Secretary (Sports)
| Hari Ranjan Rao
| 1994
|-
| Secretary (Youth Affairs)
| Pallavi Jain Govil
| 1994
|-
! colspan="5" |Notes
|-
| colspan="5" |{{Notelist|1}}
|}

==Reforms and challenges==
Media articles and others have argued in favour of lateral entrants being recruited to this rank/post to infuse fresh energy and thinking into an insular, complacent and archaic bureaucracy.<ref name="Lateral Entry">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lateral-entry-blind-alley/|title=Lateral entry, blind alley|last=Natarajan|first=Gulzar|date=April 13, 2015|work=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en|access-date=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/should-the-government-allow-lateral-entry-into-the-civil-services/story-Q75UKek5TPGwCrMreb9G0I.html|title=Should the government allow lateral entry into the civil services?|last=Chandra|first=Shailaja|date=July 15, 2017|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-case-for-lateral-entry-indian-administrative-service-ias-upsc-government-4788115/|title=The case for lateral entry|last1=Natarajan|first1=Gulzar|date=August 9, 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=August 13, 2017|last2=Subbarao|first2=Duvvuri|language=en-US}}</ref>

Non-IAS civil services have complained to the Government of India because of lack of empanelment in the rank/post of secretary on numerous occasions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Shishir |date=December 8, 2015 |title=IAS: Emperor among the kings? |url=https://www.governancenow.com/news/regular-story/ias-emperor-the-kings |access-date=August 13, 2017 |work=Governance Now |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=June 30, 2016 |title=Need Pay Parity With IAS Officers, Say Officials Of 20 Civil Services |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/need-pay-parity-with-ias-officers-say-officials-of-20-civil-services-1426279 |access-date=August 13, 2017 |work=[[NDTV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4"/>

===Lateral entry===
From 1998 to 1999, [[Vijay Kelkar]] served as [[Finance Secretary (India)|Finance Secretary]] as a lateral entry. During the term of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Manmohan Singh]] as [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Ram Vinay Shahi]] served as Secretary (GOI) in the [[Ministry of Power (India)|Ministry of Power]] from 2002 to 2007 as a lateral entry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/centre-government-lateral-entries-joint-secretary-bureaucracy-1295859-2018-07-25|title=Even Manmohan Singh was a lateral entry, says PMO|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=July 20, 2024}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Federal Secretary]]
* [[Chief secretary (India)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|}}
* {{cite book|title=Governance in India|last=Laxmikanth|first=M.|publisher=McGraw Hill Education|year=2014|isbn=978-9339204785|location=[[Noida]]|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Administration|last=Maheshwari|first=S.R.|publisher=Orient Blackswan Private Ltd.|year=2000|isbn=9788125019886|location=[[New Delhi]]|edition=6th}}
* {{cite book|title=Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966|last=Kirk-Greene|first=A.|author-link = Anthony Kirk-Greene|publisher=Springer|year=2000|isbn=9780230286320|location=[[New York City]]}}
* {{cite book|title=Indian Administration|last1=Singh|first1=Hoshiar|last2=Singh|first2=Pankaj|publisher=Pearson Education India|year=2011|isbn=978-8131761199|location=[[Delhi]]|edition=1st}}
* {{Cite book|title=Readings In Indian Railway Finance|last=Verma|first=K.B.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|isbn=978-8171881215|location=[[New Delhi]]}}
{{refend}}

{{Government of India}}
{{Union ministries of India}}

[[Category:Central Civil Services (India)]]
[[Category:Indian government officials]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Indian Foreign Service officers]]

Suttu Pidikka Utharavu

2026-03-23T16:17:34Z

ChaseBruns: New entry

{{short description|2019 film by Ramprakash Rayappa}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Suttu Pidikka Utharavu
| image = Suttu Pidikka Utharavu.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Ramprakash Rayappa]]
| producer = P.K. Ram Mohan
| writer = Ramprakash Rayappa
| starring = [[Vikranth]] [[Mysskin]] [[Athulya Ravi]] [[Suseenthiran]]
| music = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| cinematography = [[Sujith Sarang]]
| editing = G. Ramarao
| studio = Kalpataru Pictures
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2019|06|14}}
| runtime = 106 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Suttu Pidikka Utharavu''''' ({{translation|Shoot-at-sight order}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action film]] starring [[Vikranth]] and [[Athulya Ravi]] in the lead, alongside directors [[Suseenthiran]] and [[Mysskin]]. The film is written and directed by [[Ramprakash Rayappa]] with music composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]], cinematography done by [[Sujith Sarang]], edited by G. Ramarao and produced by P.K. Ram Mohan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2018 |title=First look of Vikranth, Suseenthiran & Mysskin's 'Suttu Pidikka Utharavu' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/first-look-of-vikranth-suseenthiran-mysskins-suttu-pidikka-utharavu/articleshow/65065384.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a bunch of criminals, including Ashok ([[Vikranth Santhosh|Vikranth]]) and Selvam ([[Suseenthiran]]), looting money from a private bank to save a child's life, and they are on the run. A special team supervised by senior police officer Ibrahim ([[Mysskin]]) chases the criminals who are hiding in a crowded colony. Meanwhile, we are shown that a group of terrorists are also hiding inside the house located in the same colony as they are planning a bomb blast in [[Coimbatore]] City. Then, there is a brave adventure-loving local resident named Bhuvana ([[Athulya Ravi]]), who helps the media cover what exactly happens in the colony.

==Cast==
{{Colbegin}}
* [[Vikranth]] as Ashok
* [[Mysskin]] as Ibrahim
* [[Suseenthiran]] as Selvam
* [[Athulya Ravi]] as Bhuvana
* Mahima as Thamizhselvi
* Mithun Maheshwaran
* Rajesh Athreyan as Police Officer
* Pillayar Ruthru as Kuberan
* Rajeev K. Prasad as Terrorist
* Sai Krishna as Terrorist
* Ajay KR as Terrorist
* [[Manasvi Kottachi]] as Ashok's daughter
* Rithish Kumar as Ashwin
* Guru Ramesh as Thothathri
* Sowmika Pandiyan
* Vipin Mohanan as Sniper
{{Colend}}

==Production==
Following director [[Ramprakash Rayappa]]’s venture ''[[Pokkiri Raja (2016 film)|Pokkiri Raja]]'', it was revealed that Ramprakash is all set to direct his third venture that would have [[Vikranth Santhosh|Vikranth]] alongside directors [[Suseenthiran]] in his acting debut and [[Mysskin]] as the protagonists and this project is to be canned in a short schedule. Recent reports also suggested that this thriller will be shot in Chennai and Coimbatore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2017 |title=Suttu Pidikka Utharavu to be completed in one schedule |url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2017/dec/15/suttu-pidikka-utharavu-to-be-completed-in-one-schedule-3614.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

This film commenced shooting in January 2018 after the Pongal festival at Chennai, by then, actress [[Athulya Ravi]] was revealed to be playing the female lead.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 2017 |title=Athulya Ravi joins the cast of Suttu Pidikka Utharavu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/athulya-ravi-joins-the-cast-of-suttu-pidikka-utharavu/articleshow/62306868.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The crew for the film has [[Sujith Sarang]] as the cinematographer, [[Jakes Bejoy]] as the music composer, and G. Ramarao as the editor. It was also informed that the film will be shot in Chennai and Coimbatore, and the makers are apparently planning to finish shooting work in a single schedule.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

== Release ==
The first look was launched by actor [[Sivakarthikeyan]] on 20 July 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |title=சுட்டு பிடிக்க உத்தரவு : சிவகார்த்திகேயன் வெளியிட்ட ஃபர்ஸ்ட் லுக் |url=https://www.newstm.in/news/cinema/news/41379-shivakarthikeyan-releases-suttu-pidika-utharavu-first-look.html}}</ref> and the teaser was released on 16 August 2018 by actor [[Dhanush]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dhanush on Twitter: Here is the teaser of #SuttuPidikkaUtharavu |url=https://twitter.com/dhanushkraja/status/1030069199442300928}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|8011308}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:2019 action films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jakes Bejoy]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Underground Authority

2026-03-20T08:49:45Z

ChaseBruns: New new details!

{{Short description|Rock band}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Underground Authority
| image = Underground Authority (India).jpg
| landscape = no
| caption =
| origin = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| genre = [[Rap rock]], [[alternative rock]], [[Protest music|protest]] poetry, [[nu metal]]
| years_active = {{Start date|2010}}–2017–2019–present
| website = {{reverbnation|undergroundauthority|Underground Authority}}
| current_members = {{ubl|[[#Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (EPR)|Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (EPR)]]|[[#Adil Rashid|Adil Rashid]]|[[#Soumyadeep Bhattacharya|Soumyadeep Bhattacharya]]|[[#Sourish Kumar|Sourish Kumar]]}}
| past_members = 

}}

'''Underground Authority''' is an [[alternative rock]] and [[rap rock]] band from [[India]]. Formed in early 2010, in [[Kolkata]], their music is flavoured by a blend of [[Protest music|protest]] poetry, [[reggae]], [[alternative rock]], [[rap rock]] and [[hard rock]]. The band is noted for their socio-political messages and [[anti-capitalism]] agenda in their song lyrics.

The current line-up includes [[#Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (EPR)|Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (EPR)]], [[#Adil Rashid|Adil Rashid]], [[#Soumyadeep Bhattacharya|Soumyadeep Bhattacharya]] and [[#Sourish Kumar|Sourish Kumar]].

== History ==
===Formation / early years / pre India's Got Talent===
Underground Authority was formed in early 2010, when two of the previously existing acts from [[Kolkata]], collaborated to put forth a new act together. They primarily started off performing in the premier pubs of [[Kolkata]] and participated in major music events, including the ''Closed Mic / Best of open mic'' at Someplace Else and ''Tuborg Unseen Underground Pub Rock'' festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unseenunderground.blogspot.com/p/tuborg-unseen-underground-pub-fest-2010.html |title=Unseen Underground: Uu Pub Fest |work=UnseenUnderground.blogspot.com |date=13 September 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> They were also the runners up at a national rock band competition, ''Yamaha Asian Beat 2010'', held at [[Hard Rock Cafe]] in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buzzintown.com/mumbai/event--yamaha-asian-beat-championship-national-finals/id--253873.html |title=Yamaha Asian Beat Championship – National Finals |work=BuzzInTown.com |access-date=30 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826235607/http://www.buzzintown.com/mumbai/events/yamaha-asian-beat-championship-national-finals/id--253873.html |archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|If not rivalry, then we would surely prefer the term 'fierce competitors' to describe us in the past, when we used to face off and compete as a band at the national / local music circuit. But then again, we always had this dream of coming together as a unit at some point of time and fortunately, it happened on the pleasant evening of April 3, 2010. We figured that all five of us wanted to experiment and come up with something new and unique; so when the idea of Underground Authority came up, we straight away went for it as we all had a gut feeling that it would result in something fresh and inviting.
|Underground Authority at an interview for Eight Octaves, Music news and services in India.<ref>{{cite news|first= Amrutha|last= Ananth|url=http://eightoctaves.com/pick-of-the-week/pick-of-the-week-underground-authority/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130720113948/http://eightoctaves.com/pick-of-the-week/pick-of-the-week-underground-authority/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-07-20|title=PICK OF THE WEEK: UNDERGROUND AUTHORITY|work=EightOctaves |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>}}

On 17 May 2010 – They had performed at a concert in [[Kolkata]] organised by Power 107.8 FM to help promote mass awareness on the extinction on tigers in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?Daily=TOIKM&AppName=1&login=default&pub=TOI&Skin=TOINEW&Enter=true&GZ=T&BaseHref=TOIKM%2F2010%2F05%2F17&PageSize=5&Page=27&CurrentPage=27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910231259/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?Daily=TOIKM&AppName=1&login=default&pub=TOI&Skin=TOINEW&Enter=true&GZ=T&BaseHref=TOIKM%2F2010%2F05%2F17&PageSize=5&Page=27&CurrentPage=27 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 September 2012 |title=Unknown |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref>

On 16 July 2010 – They had also been a part of a special night organised by popular city bands and individuals to offer a tribute to the [[Indian film music directors]] at the pub, 'Basement' at 'Samilton Hotel' in [[Kolkata]]. They performed [[A. R. Rahman|A. R. Rahman]] directed songs, 'Rukmini' and '[[Humma Humma]]' in their own versions as a tribute to the former.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Radhika |date=26 July 2010 |title=Tinsel Tribute |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tinsel-tribute/cid/1660957 |access-date=30 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709153616/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100726/jsp/entertainment/story_12725823.jsp |archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref>

=== !Banned ===
!Banned was a [[rap-metal]] band from the city, composed of Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer on the vocals, Kuntal De on the rhythm guitar, Roheet Mukhejee on the bass guitar and Anup Hela on the drums.

They were mostly active from time period January 2009– March 2010 and had won many rock band competitions held at the cultural festivals of colleges. Some of the notable are named below,

* 'Outlawed/Rivet 2010' – NUJS ([[The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences]]), Annual cultural festival – Battle of bands winners.
* 'Srijan 2010' – [[Indian School of Mines Dhanbad]], Cultural Festival – 'Avalanche 2010' (Band competition) winners.
* 'Rockophonix 2010' – [[National Institute of Technology, Durgapur]], Annual Cultural Festival – Battle of bands winners.
* 'Irock 2010'- [[Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata]], Annual Cultural Festival – Band competition winners.
* 'Integration 2010' ISI ([[Indian Statistical Institute]], [[Kolkata]]), Cultural-tech Festival – Band competition winners.
* 'Sanskriti 2010' – [[Jadavpur university]], Cultural Festival organised by the students of the Engineering Department- Band competition Winners.
* 'Spunkz' 2010 – Pailan College of Management and Technology, Annual Cultural Festival – Band competition winners.
* 'Sanskriti 2010' – [[Jadavpur university]], Cultural Festival organised by the students of the Arts Department – Band Competition winners.
* 'Cacophony 2010' – [[Calcutta Institute of Engineering and Management]], Annual Cultural Festival – Battle of Bands winners.
* 'Springfest 2010' – IIT KGP ([[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]), Annual Cultural Festival – 'Wildfire' battle of bands runners up.
* 'AGON 2009' – [[Calcutta National Medical College]], Annual Cultural Festival – Battle of bands winners.
* 'MITALI 2009' – [[Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital]], Annual Cultural Festival – Battle of bands winners.
* Calcutta Medical College ([[Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata]]) – Battle of bands, Winners, 2009.
* 'Eclecia 2009' – [[Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata]], Annual Cultural Festival – 'On the rocks' band competition, third-place winners.

On 23 January 2010, [[Kolkata]], they had opened for [[Krishnakumar Kunnath]], a famous [[Bollywood]] playback singer and were also awarded by him on stage, as the band had won the 'Times of Youth Challenge 2010' rock band competition organised by the [[Times of India]] and the [[Times group]].<ref>[http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Archive/skins/pastissues2/navigator.asp?AW=1309166541828 ]{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/parties/kolkata/When-music-took-centrestage/articleshow/5449064.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-16/kolkata/28140896_1_judges-nail-biting-event-subhajit |url-status=live |archive-date=23 November 2011 |title=When music took centrestage |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 January 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref>

The band discontinued in April 2010, as the bass guitarist, Roheet Mukherjee left the band to join another city band [[Five Little Indians]].

=== Skydive ===
Skydive started as a [[rap-rock]] side project that included Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer on the vocals/[[rap]], Adil Rashid on the lead guitar, Soumyadeep Bhattacharya on the bass guitar, Bhaveen Juthani on the rhythm guitar and Sourish Kumar on the drums.

Though the activity of the band didn't span for more than three months, January to March 2010, the band had an unbeatable record of winning all the band competitions it had taken part in at cultural festivals of colleges. The following are the competitions they took part in,

* 'Oorja 2010' – [[Indian School of Mines Dhanbad]], Cultural festival – Battle of bands winners.
* 'Kritansh 2010' – [[KIIT University]], Annual cultural festival, 'Holocaust 2010' – Band competition winners.
* 'Almafiesta 2010' – [[Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar]], Annual cultural festival, 'Euphony 2010' – Band competition winners.
* 'Srijan 2010' – [[Shri Shikshayatan College]], Annual cultural festival – Battle of bands winners.

On 28 January 2010 they took part and had won the band competition event at 'Caledonia 2010' – the annual cultural fest of [[Scottish Church College, Calcutta]]. Their original composition ''Private investigation of a microphone in Jerusalem'' was an instant hit among the audience and the judge, Radio Jockey Vineet of [[Red FM (India)|Red FM]] 93.5.<ref>{{cite news |last=Das |first=Ranjabati |date=24 February 2010 |title=Rocking out loud |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100224/jsp/entertainment/story_12142386.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=30 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201111712/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100224/jsp/entertainment/story_12142386.jsp |archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref>

==Band members==
===Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (EPR)===
[[File:Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (Epr).jpg|thumb|Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (Epr) performing at an Underground Authority Concert held in Nazrul Mancha, Kolkata]]
Also known as E.P.R. ([[emcee]]/poet/[[rapper]]), Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer is the frontman / [[emcee]] of the band, he's one of the first emcees / rappers in the city to make a mark. He is noted for his stage presence and [[passionate]] delivery of vocals. He's also the lyricist of the band and is a follower of [[Anarchist Communism]], which can be seen in his works.

Previously he used to often [[rap]] / perform at ''open mic sessions'' at ''Someplace Else'', [[The Park Hotels|Park Hotel]], [[Kolkata]] and was a very popular performer since then.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Zinia |date=29 July 2010 |title=Kolkata's Open Mic party |work=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kolkata/Kolkatas-Open-Mic-party/articleshow/6228389.cms |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> His interactions with the audience are powerful and he frequently ''crowd surfs'' / ''stage dives'' at his performances. He also participated in MTV Hustle season 1 and finished runner-up next to winner, M-zee-bella.

{{Blockquote|There is very little space to jump. If I jump over you guys, will you hold me?
|Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer at a performance, Unseen Underground Pub Rock Festival.<ref>{{cite news|first=Amrita |last=Roychoudhury |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/parties/kolkata/Five-musketeers-in-Kolkata/iplarticleshow/6219586.cms |title=Five musketeers in Kolkata |work=Times of India |date=27 July 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref>}}

===Adil Rashid===
[[File:Adil Rashid.jpg|thumb|right|Adil Rashid]]
He is the lead guitarist of the band and is a Gibson supported artist from [[Gibson Guitar Corporation]]. He specialises in [[jazz]], [[blues]], [[funk]], [[rock music|rock]] and [[heavy metal music|metal]]. His inspirations are Paul Gilbert (Mr Big), Yngwie Malmsteen, Slash (Guns N' Roses), [[Vito Bratta]], to name a few. He is also the grandson of [[Mohammed Salim (footballer)|Mohammed Salim]], who was the first Indian footballer to play overseas, in 1936 for the Scottish club [[Celtic FC]] 1st division.

===Soumyadeep Bhattacharya===
[[File:Soumyadeep Bhattacharya.jpg|thumb|left|Soumyadeep Bhattacharya]]
Soumyadeep Bhattacharya alias 'Bubbla' is the bassist in the band. He states that he fell in love with the instrument called the bass guitar when he first saw it in a shop.

===Sourish Kumar===
[[File:Sourish Kumar.jpg|thumb|right|Sourish Kumar]]
Sourish is the drummer of the band. He is extremely versatile and received the best drummer award at Hornbill International Rock Contest 2013. He is one of the best drummers from Kolkata.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==Musical influences==
{{listen
| filename = Underground Authority - You Cant Stop (Sample).ogg
| title = "You Can't Stop"
| description = A 29-second sample of the song "'''You Can't Stop'''", one of the singles recorded by '''Underground Authority''' in the year 2010 just after '''[[India's Got Talent#Season 2 (2010)|India's Got Talent (Season 2)]]'''.
| format = [[Ogg]]
}}

Underground Authority is known for its original compositions, which always tend to portray a political message which they term it as "Protest Poetry". Some of their popular original songs include,

* "Microphone" (a tribute to the song [[Handlebars (Flobots song)|Handlebars]] by [[Flobots]])
* "Realize" (a song which is completely based on the establishment of a classless society and Communism),
* "You Can't Stop Us" (a song which speaks against Racism),
* "We Kill G.I. Joes" (a song which addresses the stereotypical society being dominated by the ideals of [[materialism]])<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Madhurima |date=29 January 2011 |title=Xavotsav 2011 |newspaper=The Telegraph India |location=Calcutta, India |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110129/jsp/entertainment/story_13504371.jsp |url-status=dead |access-date=30 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205445/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110129/jsp/entertainment/story_13504371.jsp |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

Apart from their originals their acts also include the rap-rock remixed versions of A R Rahman's songs –

* "Urvashi"
* "Humma Humma"
* "Rukmani"
* "Kabhi Kabhi Aditi"
* "[[Vande Mataram (album)|Maa Tujhe Salam]]"<ref name="rediff.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-interview-with-underground-authority/20101019.htm |title=Salman Khan likes Underground Authority! – Rediff Getahead |work=Rediff.com |date=19 October 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref>

The band cites [[Rage Against the Machine]], [[KRS-One]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Living Colour]], [[Public Enemy (group)|Public Enemy]] and [[The Roots]] as their biggest musical influences.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}

==''India's Got Talent – Khoj −2''==
Underground Authority tried their luck at the auditions of the second season of ''[[India's Got Talent season 2|India's Got Talent]]'', which is a large-scale televised entertainment variety show created by [[Simon Cowell]] and [[Syco TV]]. The show presents India's best unknown acts and talents, and made their maiden appearance on national television through [[Colors TV]].

[[File:Underground Authority (India) On India's Got Talent.jpg|thumb|left|Underground Authority in the audition round of India's Got Talent]]

During the nationwide talent competition, the band covered [[A. R. Rahman]]'s hits in their own style, which secured their position as one of the nine finalists in the show, earning them a huge fan following. During the competition, the band performed a song from the soundtrack of the Hindi action film ''[[Dabangg]]'', which starred guest judge [[Salman Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/television/Munni-remixed-to-rock/Article1-600399.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919143251/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/television/Munni-remixed-to-rock/Article1-600399.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2010 |title=Munni remixed to rock |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=15 September 2010 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref>

The band received an overwhelming response from the Indian audience, winning the hearts of Indian celebrities, including Salman Khan,<ref>{{cite news|author=IANS |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Sallu-gets-Underground-Authority-to-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/6723328.cms |title=Sallu gets Underground Authority to Bigg Boss |work=The Times of India |date=10 October 2010 |access-date=17 January 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101020063839/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv-/Sallu-gets-Underground-Authority-to-Bigg-Boss/articleshow/6723328.cms |archive-date = 20 October 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sonali Bendre]], [[Nikhil Chinapa]], [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] and [[Kiron Kher]]. Salman Khan requested them to remix the whole ''Dabangg'' soundtrack album, in their own unique style. After ''India's Got Talent'', the band became known for twisting [[Bollywood]] [[retro]] songs and presenting them in their own style of music.

During the television shoot for the auditions of [[India's Got Talent season 2|India's Got Talent]], in [[Kolkata]], [[Nikhil Chinapa]] had liked their performance so much that he had instantly uploaded a status message on them on his account on the social networking site, Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web|title=nikhilchinapa/statuses/15702722383|url=https://twitter.com/nikhilchinapa/statuses/15702722383|access-date=2023-01-03|website=Twitter|language=vi}}</ref>

{{Blockquote| In all my years of listening to Indian bands, this was one group that gave me goosebumps!
|Nikhil Chinapa on Underground Authority.<ref>{{cite news|first= Angona|last= Paul|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110807/jsp/graphiti/story_14345400.jsp#top|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203190425/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110807/jsp/graphiti/story_14345400.jsp%23top|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|title=Hitting a new high, Graphiti |work=The Telegraph |date=7 August 2011|access-date=7 August 2011 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>}}

== Hornbill International Rock Competition 2013 ==

Hornbill International Rock Competition (HIRC 2013) was a part of the annual cultural extravaganza, Hornbill Festival, which showcases the rich Naga culture and is organised by the state government of [[Nagaland]]'s Music Task Force (MTF), department of Youth Resources and Sports.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hornbillfestival.com/index.php/events/hornbill-rock-contest|title=Hornbill International Rock Contest |author= |website=Hornbill Festival |access-date=14 August 2025|archive-date=8 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163633/http://www.hornbillfestival.com/index.php/events/hornbill-rock-contest|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Hornbill International (formerly National) Rock Contest is also the longest music festival in the country, it being a seven-day-long festival. India's biggest prize money for battle of bands contest has been an integral event of the Hornbill Festival extravaganza since its inception in 2000. The contest was held at the newly constructed venue at Solidarity Park, [[Kohima]] from 1 to 10 December.

On celebrating the 50th year of statehood, of Nagaland, the government decided to double up the prize money for the competition to make it grander and to have something to remember.

The selected bands competed for the top prize of a whopping 10,00,000/- (1 Million INR), 2,50,000/- (250 thousand INR) for the second place and 1,50,000/- (150 thousand INR) for the third place. Individual Prizes for Best Vocalist, Best Guitarist, Best Drummer, Best Bassist will also be given with a prize money of INR 30,000/- each and other surprise Sponsored Prizes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whatsthescene.com/2013/11/hornbill-international-rock-contest-2013-announce-shortlisted-bands/|title = Hornbill International Rock Contest 2013 announce shortlisted bands | WhatsTheScene?}}</ref>

On 10 December, following the final performances by the short-listed bands, it was announced that 'Underground Authority' were this year's un-doubted winners along with winning, other individual prizes of Best Vocalist ( Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer), Best Bassist (Soumyadeep Bubbla Bhattacharya), Best Drummer ( Sourish Kumar) and Best Runner's up guitarist (Adil Rashid).{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

{{Blockquote|While every other band was out feasting on local cuisine and rice beer, Kolkata band Underground Authority were rehearsing hard on the second stage (I spotted the band jamming four times in three days)
|Anurag Tagat, Rolling Stone India on Underground Authority winning HIRC 2013.<ref>{{cite news|first= Anurag |last= Tagat |url=http://rollingstoneindia.com/review-hornbill-international-rock-contest-2013/|title=Review: Hornbill International Rock Contest 2013|work=RollingStoneIndia.com |location=Kohima, Nagaland}}</ref>}}

The competition was judged by True School of Music co-founder Ashutosh Phatak, [[Nagaland]] youth activist and pastor Doring Lungalung and actor [[Purab Kohli]].{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}

Hornbill International Rock Contest 2013 Winners:

* Winners: Underground Authority (Kolkata)
* 1st Runners-Up: We The Giants (Dimapur)
* 2nd Runners-Up: The F16s (Chennai)
* Best Vocalist: Santhanam Srinivasan Iyer (Underground Authority)
* Best Guitarist: Aren Longkumer (Infuse)
* Best Bassist: Soumyadeep Bhattacharya (Underground Authority)
* Best Drummer Sourish Kumar (Underground Authority)
* Best Keyboardist: Harshan Radhakrishnan (The F16s)<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=December 11, 2013|title=Kolkata band wins Hornbill Rock Contest|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec1213/oth05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143713/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=dec1213/oth05|archive-date=17 March 2017|website=The Assam Tribune Online}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|'''''We have won almost all the big rock fests in India. We have had 21 wins so far. Hornbill was the only one left for us and we knew, if we had this in our kitty, we would have aced every prestigious rock competition in the country. We rehearsed day in and day out. For us, this was the last competition, at least in India. We went in with one goal: to win'''''
|Epr on an interview to Calcutta Times, Times of India on Underground Authority winning HIRC 2013.<ref>{{cite news |first= Sutapa |last= Singha |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/Underground-Authority-wins-Hornbill-Rock-Fest/photostory/27360560.cms |title=Underground Authority wins Hornbill Rock Fest |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>}}

== Professional career ==
The band has toured and performed at events across India, including college festivals and concerts. They have has also raised funds for charities and welfare projects on subjects like education, healthcare, livelihood, women empowerment, and advocacy.<ref>{{cite web |first=Manisha |last=Singh |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/entertainment/2010110167085.htm |title=Smile Kids Rock on With Underground Authority Kids from Smile Foundation India were all smiles as underground authority performed for them live |publisher=www.indiaprwire.com |date=21 July 2011 |access-date=30 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201111712/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3A1E-YbI5dnj4J%3Awww.indiaprwire.com%2Fpressrelease%2Fentertainment%2F2010110167085.htm+underground+authority+delhi&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in&source=www.google.co.in |archive-date=1 February 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Tracks ==
{{track listing
| title1 = Microphone
| writer1 = Underground Authority
| length1 = 4:50
| title2 = Realise
| writer2 = Underground Authority
| length2 = 4:37
| title3 = You can't Stop
| writer3 = Underground Authority
| length3 = 3:52
| title4 = Urvashi (Cover)
| writer4 = A. R. Rahman
| length4 = 4:33
| title5 = Dabangg (Scratch Demo)
| writer5 = Underground Authority
| length5 = 2:48
| title6 = Where the streets have a name
| writer6 = Underground Authority
| length6 = 5:31
| title7 = Kaash Meri Girlfriend (Demo)
| writer7 = Underground Authority
| length7 = 1:31
| title8 = We Rise (Demo)
| writer8 = Underground Authority
| length8 = 1:26
}}

== See also ==
* [[Rock music of West Bengal]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
http://www.chrispd.de/wordpress/2012/01/22/super-football-superstar-xi-4-7-united-sikkim-fc-xi/{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}

== Further reading ==

* {{Cite web |last=Karia |first=Vedant |date=27 December 2021 |title=EPR Iyer: A rapper on stage and a 'reporter from the streets' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/epr-iyer-a-rapper-on-stage-and-a-reporter-from-the-streets/cid/1845059 |access-date= |website=The Telegraph India}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.reverbnation.com/undergroundauthority Underground Authority on Reverbnation]
* [https://archive.today/20130201051309/http://www.purevolume.com/UndergroundAuthority Underground Authority on PureVolume]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120112011646/http://www.redbullbedroomjam.in/underground-authority Underground Authority on Redbull Bedroom Jam]
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Underground-Authority-India/116848834993014 Underground Authority on Facebook]
* [https://ua-inc.blogspot.com/ Official blog of Underground Authority]

{{Bengali Bands}}

[[Category:Indian musical groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2010]]
[[Category:2010 establishments in West Bengal]]

Parsi theatre

2026-03-14T16:09:08Z

ChaseBruns: quick update

{{Short description|Indian theatre tradition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}

'''Parsi theatre''' is a generic term for an influential theatre tradition, staged by [[Parsi]]s, and theatre companies largely owned by the Parsi business community, which flourished between 1850 and the 1930s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195644463.001.0001/acref-9780195644463-e-0473|title=The Oxford companion to Indian theatre|last=K|first=A|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780199861248|editor-last=Lal|editor-first=Ananda|location=New Delhi|oclc=607157336|via=Oxford Reference}}</ref> Plays were primarily in [[Urdu]], as well as [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] to an extent. After its beginning in Bombay, it soon developed into various traveling theatre companies, which toured across India, especially [[North India|north]] and [[western India]] (now [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]]), popularizing [[proscenium]]-style theatre in regional languages.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nicholson|first=Rashna Darius|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-65836-6#about|title=The Colonial Public and the Parsi Stage: The Making of the Theatre of Empire (1853-1893)|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2021|isbn=978-3-030-65835-9|location=Cham|pages=1–2|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-65836-6 |s2cid=234113680 }}</ref>

Entertainment-driven and incorporating [[musical theatre]] and folk theatre, in the early 1900s, some Parsi theatre producers switched to new media like bioscope and subsequently many became film producers. The theatre diminished in popularity, with the arrival of the talkies era in [[Hindi cinema]] in the 1930s. Post-independence, it experienced a revival in the 1950s, much like theatre in the rest of India.{{Sfn|Kasbekar|2006|p=50}}{{Sfn|Dalmia|2004|p=60}}

[[File:Raghubir Yadav singing Parsi Theatre Style Laila Majnu.webm|thumb|[[Raghubir Yadav]] singing Parsi Theatre Style, Laila-Majanu song]]

==History==
The British community in Bombay had been staging theatre in English language for sometime by the mid-19th century. Parsis were a prominent business community in the city. In early 1850s, the students of [[Elphinstone College]] in Mumbai had formed a dramatic society and started performing [[Shakespeare]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding 20th century Parsi theatre|date=18 December 2011|first=Rahul|last=Chandawarkar|work=Daily News & Analysis|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-understanding-20th-century-parsi-theatre-1627314|access-date=2014-06-04 }}</ref> The first Parsi Theatre company called "Pārsī Nāṭak Maṇḍali" performed their first play ''Roostum Zabooli and Sohrab'' in 1853, followed by ''King Afrasiab and Rustom Pehlvan'' and ''Pādśāh Faredun''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Nicholson 2015, p. 617.|doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1080211 | volume=38|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies|pages=613–638|s2cid=146409840}}</ref> By 1860 over 20 Parsi theatre groups were formed in Mumbai.{{Sfn|Palsetia|2001|p=184}}

Sharmistha Gooptu and Bhaumik identify [[Indo-Persian culture|Indo-Persian]]/[[Islamicate]] culture as a major influence on Parsi theatre. Up until the early 20th century, [[Urdu]] was the most widely used language in Parsi theater, due to the influence of [[Urdu poetry]]. The ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'' (''Arabian Nights'') also had a strong influence on Parsi theater, which performed "[[Persianate]] adventure-romances", which in turn were later adapted into early [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gooptu|first=Sharmistha|title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'|date=2010|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781136912177|page=38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DcUtCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38}}</ref>

The early plays in Parsi theatre presented Indianized versions of [[Shakespeare]]’s plays, by turning them into folk performances, with dozens of songs added in. Soon Indian legends, epic and mythological tales made an appearance as source material. As Parsi theatre companies started travelling across [[North India]], they employed native writers to churn out scripts in [[Hindustani language]], mix of [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref>[[#Han|Hansen, p. 75]]</ref>

Later Parsi plays "blended [[realism (arts)|realism]] and fantasy, music and dance, narrative and spectacle, earthy dialogue and ingenuity of stage presentation, integrating them into a dramatic discourse of [[melodrama]]". For mass appeal the plays incorporated humour, melodious songs and music, [[sensationalism]] and stagecraft.<ref name="Gokulsing-98">{{cite book| last = K. Moti Gokulsing| first = K. Gokulsing, [[Wimal Dissanayake]]| title = Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change| year = 2004| publisher = Trentham Books| page = 98 }}</ref> The success of Parsi theatre lead to the development of theatre in regional languages notably modern [[Gujarati theatre]], [[Marathi theatre]] and [[Hindi theatre]].{{Sfn|Hochman|1984|p=38}} Later it led to the development of [[Hindi cinema]] (Bollywood), the effect of Parsi theatre is still evident in the [[Masala film]] genre of [[Indian cinema]], {{Sfn|Joughin|1997|p=129}}<ref name="Gokulsing-98"/> and especially in [[Music of Bollywood|Bollywood film songs]].<ref name="MehtaPandharipande2010">{{cite book|last1=Mehta|first1=Rini Bhattacharya|last2=Pandharipande|first2=Rajeshwari|title=Bollywood and Globalization: Indian Popular Cinema, Nation, and Diaspora|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgZTUn00crMC&pg=PA176|year=2010|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-833-0|page=36}}</ref> According to screenwriter and lyricist [[Javed Akhtar]], Urdu Parsi theatre's [[ghazal]], [[thumri]] and [[kajri]] traditions were the basis for Bollywood's [[filmi-ghazal]], thumri and kajri styles of music.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kabir |first1=Nasreen Munni |last2=Akhtar |first2=Javed |author2-link=Javed Akhtar |title=Talking Films and Songs: Javed Akhtar in conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir |date=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-909177-5 |page=114 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S59MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT114}}</ref>

Parsi theatre was also popular in South-East Asia, where it was known as ''Wyang Parsi'' and often imitated.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=21gkDQAAQBAJ&q=Wayang+Parsi&pg=PA68|title=Hindustani Traces in Malay Ghazal: 'A song, so old and yet still famous'|last1=Meddegoda|first1=Chinthaka Prageeth|last2=Jähnichen|first2=Gisa|date=2016-09-23|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=9781443899987|language=en}}</ref>

In 1981, Mumbai-based theatre director [[Nadira Babbar]], started her theatre group ''Ekjute'' (Together), with the production of ''[[Yahudi Ki Ladki]]'', which revived the Parsi theatre style, and is considered one of its finest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian theatre at the crossroads|work=The Tribune|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000625/spectrum/main9.htm|date=25 June 2000|access-date=2014-08-27}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last=Hochman|first=Stanley|title=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zo5os6d0rvMC&pg=PA37|year=1984|publisher=VNR AG|isbn=978-0-07-079169-5}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Nicholson | first1 = Rashna Darius | year = 2015 | title = Corporeality, Aryanism, Race: The Theatre and Social Reform of the Parsis of Western India | journal = South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies | volume = 38 | issue = 4| pages = 613–638 | doi = 10.1080/00856401.2015.1080211 | s2cid = 146409840 }}
* {{cite book|last=Palsetia|first=Jesse S.|title=The Parsis of India: Preservation of Identity in Bombay City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6oNt3M_yLgC&pg=PA184|year= 2001|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-12114-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Somanath Gupta|author2=tr. Kathryn Hansen|title=The Parsi Theatre: Its Origins and Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex_iVE8vFLkC|year=2005|publisher=Seagull Books|isbn=978-81-7046-273-6}}
* {{cite book |title=Culture and power in Banaras: community, performance, and environment, 1800–1980|author=Sandria B. Freitag|chapter=Chapter 2: The Birth of Hindi Drama in Banaras: 1868–1885, by Kathryn Hansen|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-520-06367-9 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4RAaBmHA9uUC&q=%22Hindi+drama%22+-inpublisher%3Aicon&pg=PA62 |ref=Han}}
* {{cite book | last=Nicholson | first=Rashna Darius | title=The Colonial public and the Parsi stage : the making of the theatre of empire (1853-1893) | date=2021 | publisher=Springer | isbn=978-3-030-65836-6 | oclc=1241450414}}
* {{cite book|last=Marfatia|first=Meher |others=Sooni Taraporevala (photos)|title=Laughter in the House!: 20th-century Parsi Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hyg4twAACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=49/50 Books|isbn=978-81-921367-0-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Kasbekar|first=Asha|title=Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts, and Lifestyle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&pg=PA50|year=2006|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-636-7}}
*{{cite book|last=Joughin|first=John J.|title=Shakespeare and National Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zArpAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA129|year=1997|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-5051-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Blackburn|first1=Stuart H.|last2=Dalmia|first2=Vasudha|title=India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N046vzK824C&pg=PA60|year=2004|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-7824-056-5}}
* {{cite web| title = History of the Parsi Theatre| url = http://www.zoroastrian.org.uk/vohuman/Article/A%20Time%20for%20Natak%20History%20of%20the%20Parsi%20Theatre.htm
|publisher=Zoroastrian Educational Institute}}

[[Category:Culture of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi theatre]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:Parsi culture|Theatre]]
[[Category:Theatre of India]]

Mohsin Sheikh murder

2026-03-09T12:06:18Z

ChaseBruns: Starting Basic Data Basic Info

{{Lead extra info|date=March 2024}}
The '''Mohsin Sheikh murder''' was the lynching of Mohsin Shaikh in [[Pune]] on 2 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet Bhai, man who heads Hindu group blamed for techie's murder|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/meet-bhai-man-who-heads-hindu-group-blamed-for-techies-murder/|accessdate=7 June 2014|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|date=June 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name=hindu /> Communal tensions followed public awareness of derogatory photographs of Maratha king [[Shivaji]] and [[Shiv Sena]] founder [[Bal Thackeray]] uploaded to [[social media]]. Public buses were vandalized and arrests were made.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|title=Techie death: Pune police may seek ban on outfit|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/techie-death-pune-police-may-seek-ban-on-outfit/article6086273.ece|accessdate=7 June 2014|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=June 6, 2014}}</ref> The uploads were made through foreign proxy servers traced to sources in India.<ref name=hindu/><ref name=outlook0606>{{cite news|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/news/article/Techie-Murder-FB-Posts-Uploaded-From-Foreign-IP-Addresses/843513|title=Techie Murder: FB Posts Uploaded From Foreign IP Addresses|date=June 6, 2014|newspaper=Outlook}}</ref><ref name=toi140609>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Those-behind-inflammatory-Facebook-posts-identified-R-R-Patil/articleshow/36311947.cms|title=Those behind inflammatory Facebook posts identified: R R Patil|newspaper=Times of India|date=June 9, 2014|author=Chittaranjan Tembhekar|author2=Mateen Hafeez}}</ref> Home minister [[R R Patil]] said authorities know who uploaded the images and that Mohsin was innocent and died in the riots. The [[Government of Maharashtra]] announced compensation to his family.<ref name=toi140609/> Before this, Nikhil Tikone of Kasba Peth was targeted by Hindus as a photo of him spread via whatsapp saying he was "Nihal Khan" during communal tensions. Muslims too attacked him believing that he was associated with RSS.<ref>{{cite news|date=Jun 12, 2014|title=Had to circulate video saying I am a Hindu, not linked to FB posts|work=The India Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/had-to-circulate-video-saying-i-am-a-hindu-not-linked-to-fb-posts/99/|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=Jun 11, 2014|title=पुणे: मुस्लिमों ने आरएसएस वाला समझकर पीटा, हिंदुओं ने बताया 'निखिल खान'|work=DainikBhaskar|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/article-ht/MH-PUN-pune-violence-nikhil-tikone-was-attacked-had-to-prove-his-identity-4643494-NOR.html|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref>

== Victim ==
Mohsin Mohammed Sadique Shaikh was an [[Information technology|IT]] professional working as an IT manager for a private [[textile]] firm. He was attacked and killed while returning after prayer from Unnati Nagar.<ref name="toi">{{cite news|title=Pune techie murder case: Another man was attacked by same gang the night Mohsin was killed|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Pune-techie-murder-case-Another-man-was-attacked-by-same-gang-the-night-Mohsin-was-killed/articleshow/36118446.cms|accessdate=7 June 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=Jun 6, 2014}}</ref> Police made arrests including the leader<ref name="hindu140611">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/founder-of-hrs-charged-with-pune-techies-murder/article6101990.ece|title=Founder of HRS charged with Pune techie's murder|date=11 June 2014|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> of Hindu Rashtra Sena (HRS), a [[Hindutva]] group, for their alleged role in the incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=25 people held in Pune techie murder case|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/25-held-in-pune-techie-murder/article1-1226532.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607011333/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/25-held-in-pune-techie-murder/article1-1226532.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2014|accessdate=7 June 2014|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/techie-dies-after-attack-by-hindutva-group/article6082942.ece|title=Techie dies after attack by Hindutva group|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 June 2014}}</ref> In 2023, a court in Pune acquitted all members of Hindu Rashtra Sena accused of lynching of Mohsin Sheikh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-27 |title=Hindu outfit leader, 21 others acquitted in 2014 murder case of Pune IT professional |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/hindu-outfit-leader-21-others-acquitted-in-2014-murder-case-of-pune-it-professional-101674830345646.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Reaction ==
Dhananjay Jayram Desai, the founder president of [[Hindu Rashtra Sena]] (HRS) denied that his outfit had anything to do with the murder and said, "We understand that circulating derogatory pictures is a cyber crime but the problem cannot be solved by killing innocent persons.".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pune-muslim-techie-killed-by-rightwing-mob-over-morphed-fb-posts-1555709.html |title=Pune: Muslim techie killed by rightwing mob over morphed FB posts |publisher=Firstpost |date=2014-06-04 |accessdate=2014-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Dhananjay Desai arrested for Pune muslim techie's murder, HRS alleges political conspiracy|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/dhananjay-desai-arrested-for-pune-muslim-techies-murder-hrs-alleges-political-conspiracy/|accessdate=12 June 2014|date=June 10, 2014}}</ref>

[[Rajya Sabha]] MP and Congress leader Hussain Dalwai on 1 July 2014 alleged that police officers investigating the Mohsin Shaikh murder case were trying to cover it up, and they should be dismissed. "The Chief Minister [[Prithviraj Chavan]] assured us that government will make the investigation into this unfortunate incident a priority. We were also told that the organisation behind this ghastly act and the people involved in spreading communal disharmony will be taught a lesson," he added.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dalwai alleges cover-up in Pune techie murder case|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/dalwai-alleges-cover-up-in-pune-techie-murder-case-114070101119_1.html|accessdate=7 July 2014|publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pune techie murder|url=http://www.ndtv.com/topic/pune-techie-murder|accessdate= 12 June 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pune Techie Murder Case: 21 Men Linked to Hindu Rashtra Sena Sent to Judicial Custody|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/pune-techie-murder-case-21-men-linked-to-hindu-rashtra-sena-sent-to-judicial-custody-540398|accessdate= 12 June 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pune Techie Murder Case: Hindu Rashtra Sena Chief Named as Accused|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/pune-techie-murder-case-hindu-rashtra-sena-chief-named-as-accused-539338|accessdate= 10 June 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Pune Techie Murder: Maharashtra Government Mulling Ban on Hindu Rashtra Sena|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/pune-techie-murder-maharashtra-government-mulling-ban-on-hindu-rashtra-sena-541395|accessdate= 14 June 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Police Claim Pune Techie's Murder Linked to Controversial Facebook Posts, 13 Arrested|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/police-claim-pune-techie-s-murder-linked-to-controversial-facebook-posts-13-arrested-535895|accessdate= 5 June 2014|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

== False accusations on Desai ==
In March 2015 the [[Bombay High Court|Bombay high court]] denied bail to Desai, maintaining that the prosecution had rightly stated that Desai had instigated the unrest to satisfy his vendetta against a community. The judge noted most of the rioters were young men. The High Court maintained that a witness' claim that a plan had been hatched to attack members of a community as directed by Desai was sufficient to deny bail.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hindu-Sena-leader-took-advantage-of-poverty-in-society-Bombay-HC/articleshow/46731609.cms|title = Hindu Sena leader took advantage of poverty in society: Bombay HC|date=2015-03-29 |accessdate=2015-03-29|publisher = Times of India}}</ref> Desai was granted bail on 17 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/techie-murder-case-hindutva-leader-dhananjay-desai-walks-out-of-jail/articleshow/67918469.cms|title=Pune Techie murder case: Hindutva leader Dhananjay Desai walks out of jail | Pune News - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=9 February 2019 }}</ref> He and all other accused in lynching of Sheikh were ultimately acquitted in 2023.<ref name=":0" /> He accused that government falsely arrested him because of political vendetta against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title='सरकारने सोयीचे आरोपी शोधले होते'; निर्दोष मुक्ततेनंतर देसाईंची पहिली प्रतिक्रिया {{!}} Mohsin Shaikh Murder Case |url=https://www.esakal.com/pune/dhananjay-desai-first-reaction-aftersession-court-of-pune-relive-all-accused-in-mohsin-shaikh-murder-case-rak94 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=eSakal - Marathi Newspaper |date=27 January 2023 |language=mr-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pune-techie-murder-maharashtra-government-mulling-ban-on-hindu-rashtra-sena-578063|title=Pune Techie Murder: Maharashtra Government Mulling Ban on Hindu Rashtra Sena|website=NDTV.com}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/muslim-techie-beaten-to-death-in-pune-7-men-of-hindu-outfit-held/|title=Muslim techie beaten to death in Pune, 7 men of Hindu outfit held|date=June 4, 2014}}
*{{Cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/crime/pune-techie-murder-maha-govt-mulling-ban-on-hindu-rashtra-sena/|title=Pune techie murder: Maha govt mulling ban on Hindu Rashtra Sena|date=June 14, 2014}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pune-techie-murder-a-communal-violence-case/articleshow/36228629.cms|title=Pune Techie Murder: Pune techie murder: A communal violence case? | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=8 June 2014 }}
*{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pune-techie-murder-case-another-man-was-attacked-by-same-gang-the-night-mohsin-was-killed/articleshow/36118446.cms|title=Pune techie murder case: Another man was attacked by same gang the night Mohsin was killed | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=6 June 2014 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140605203148/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pune-techie-s-murder-4-more-hindu-rashtra-sena-men-arrested/article1-1226319.aspx 17 men booked for Pune IT professional's murder - Hindustan Times]
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pune-techie-murder-who-is-bhai-chief-of-hindu-rashtra-sena-1558815.html|title=Pune techie murder: Who is 'Bhai', chief of Hindu Rashtra Sena? |date=June 6, 2014|website=Firstpost}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140604195313/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pune-techie-killed-sms-boasts-of-taking-down-first-wicket/article1-1226023.aspx]
*[https://www.firstpost.com/india/attackers-referred-to-murdered-muslim-techie-as-first-wicket-1557263.html Attackers referred to murdered Muslim techie as 'first wicket' ]
*{{Cite web|url=https://twocircles.net/2016jun21/1466532729.html|title=Mohsin Shaikh's murder: Even after two years, family awaits compensation|date=June 21, 2016}}
*{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/hc-grants-bail-to-accused-in-mohsin-shaikh-murder-case/articleshow/52859571.cms|title=HC grants bail to accused in Mohsin Shaikh murder case | Pune News - Times of India|website=The Times of India |date=22 June 2016 }}
*{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pune-muslim-youth-murder-is-the-bombay-hc-bail-to-accused-a-licence-to-kill-for-sake-of-religion-3207584.html|title=Pune Muslim youth murder: Is the Bombay HC bail to accused a licence to kill for sake of religion?|date=January 17, 2017|website=Firstpost}}

[[Category:Crime in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Persecution by Hindus]]
[[Category:Religiously motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Anti-Muslim violence in India]]
[[Category:June 2014 in India]]
[[Category:2014 murders in Asia]]
[[Category:2014 murders in India]]
[[Category:Lynching deaths in India]]

Raat Bhore

2026-03-07T06:47:22Z

ChaseBruns: Expanded content with additional details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Raat Bhore
| image = Raat Bhore (1955) film poster.jpeg

| alt = Raat Bhore poster
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Mrinal Sen]]
| producer = S. B. Productions
| writer =
| screenplay = Mrinal Sen
| story = Swaraj Bandyopadhyay
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring = [[Uttam Kumar]] [[Sabitri Chatterjee]] [[Chhabi Biswas]] [[Jahor Roy]] [[Shobha Sen]]
| music = [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| cinematography = Ramananda Sengupta
| editing = Ramesh Joshi
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1955|10|21|Kolkata}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Raat Bhore'''''<ref group="lower-greek">Spelling according to Mrinal Sen's website</ref> is a 1955 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Mrinal Sen]], who also wrote the screenplay. This was Sen's first film.<ref name="Mrinal Sen indian parallel cinema">{{cite web|title=Mrinal Sen indian parallel cinema|url=http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/mrinal.html|publisher=cinemaofmalayalam.net|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=1 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701084334/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/mrinal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Article on Mrinal Sen">{{cite web|title=Article on Mrinal Sen|url=http://www.calcuttaweb.com/cinema/mrinalsen.shtml|publisher=Calcutta Web|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-date=19 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819172726/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/cinema/mrinalsen.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Plot ==
A poor village boy's hazardous experience in a rich urban family.

== Cast ==
* [[Uttam Kumar]]
* [[Sabitri Chatterjee]]
* [[Chhabi Biswas]]
* [[Jahor Roy]]
* [[Kali Banerjee]]
* [[Chhaya Debi]]
* [[Shobha Sen]]
* [[Keshto Mukherjee]]
* Biren Chattopadhyay
* Dhiraj Das
* Swagata Chakarborty
* Debi Neogi
* Mamtaz Ahmed

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=lower-greek}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0049649}}
* [http://mrinalsen.org/raat_bhore.htm Raat Bhore] in Mrinal Sen's official website
* [http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/epapermain.aspx?queryed=9&eddate=9%2f6%2f2015 Raat Bhore] – ''[[Ei Samay]]''

{{Mrinal Sen}}

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mrinal Sen]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:1955 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:1955 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1955 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1950s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Subah Ka Tara

2026-03-04T04:09:17Z

ChaseBruns: New info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Subah Ka Tara
| image = Subah_Ka_Tara.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[V. Shantaram]]
| producer = V. Shantaram
| writer = Shams Lakhnavi
| story = Shams Lakhnavi
| narrator =
| starring = [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] Jayshree [[Rajshree]] [[Amirbai Karnataki]]
| music = [[C. Ramchandra]]
| cinematography = G. Balakrishna
| editing = Chintamani Borkar
| studio = [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
| distributor = [[Rajkamal Kalamandir]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|1954||}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Subah Ka Tara''''' (The Morning Star) is a 1954 [[Hindi]] social romantic film directed by [[V. Shantaram]].<ref name=Gomolo>{{cite web|title=Subah Ka Tara|url=http://www.gomolo.com/subah-ka-tara-movie/2505|website=gomolo.com|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref> The film was produced by Rajkamal Kalamandir and had story and dialogues by Shams Lucknavi. The director of photography was G. Balkrishna. It had music composed by [[C. Ramchandra]] and the lyricists were Noor Lakhnavi and Diwan Sharar.<ref name=MySwar>{{cite web|title=Subah Ka Tara|url=http://myswar.com/album/subah-ka-tara-1954|website=myswar.com|publisher=MySwar.com|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref> The title song "Chamka Chamka Subah Ka Tara" was one of the notable songs from this film. Rajshree appeared in her debut role as a child star. The cast included [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]], Jayshree, [[Amirbai Karnataki]], [[Rajshree]], [[Shakuntala Paranjpye]] and Naaz.<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|title=Subah Ka Tara|url=http://www.citwf.com/film336144.htm|website=citwf.com|publisher=Alan Goble|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref>

Jayshree plays the role of a young widow pursued by a young man (Pradeep Kumar) who falls in love with her, but is unable to marry her due to societal norms and subsequently becomes insane.<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|author=Ashok Raj|title=Hero Vol.1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT228|accessdate=20 February 2015|date=1 November 2009|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-02-9|pages=228–}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film, told in flash-back, starts with a few people troubling a disheveled, insane man holding a bedding. The mad man is Mohan who finally sits down with a sympathiser and starts narrating the story. Mohan meets a young widow, Padmini taking medicine for her dying mother. Padmini's mother, from her death-bed, warns her about befriending young men as she's a widow and society demands that she live alone with just a white sheet as a companion, for that's her life as a widow. Following her mother's death, Padmini goes to her paternal uncle's house to live. Her uncle has gone to Africa and her Aunt treats her badly. Mohan falls ill thinking about Padmini's situation and her rebuff when he pursues her. He is looked after by his mother and young sister. Padmini is made to work as a maid in her Uncle's house but has a kind cousin sister, Bharti. Mohan arrives there on some work and the Aunt has chosen him as a suitable boy for Bharti's marriage. Mohan sees Padmini and tells her how he feels, which is overheard by the Aunt. The Aunt throws Padmini out of the house to fend for herself. The story continues with the problems Padmini faces, Mohan's search for Padmini and her death when she sets the house left by her mother, on fire. Mohan finds the bedding in the aftermath of the fire and goes insane.

==Cast==
* [[V. Shantaram]] as the drunken man
* Jayashree as Padmini
* [[Pradeep Kumar (actor)|Pradeep Kumar]] as Mohan
* Neelambai as Mohan's mother
* Baby [[Rajshree]] as Sogi, Mohan's sister
* Shakuntala Paranjpye as Chachi
* Naaz as Heera
* [[Amirbai Karnataki]] as neighbour
* Nimbalkar as Paanwala
* Chandrakanta as Bharti
* Jogendra as Milkman
* Aminabai as Padmini's mother

==Crew==
* Producer Rajkamal Kalamandir
* Director: V. Shantaram
* Story: Shams Lucknavi
* Dialogue: Shams Lucknavi
* Music: [[C. Ramchandra]]
* Lyrics: Noor Lucknavi, Diwan Sharar
* Cinematographer: G. Balkrishna
* Editor: Chintamani Borkar
* Art Director: Baburao Jadhav
* Sound: A. K. Parmar
* Make-up: Baba Vardam
* Still Photography: Kirtiwan

==Review==
Shantaram played a small part as a drunk man, whose house Jayshree goes to looking for a job. His role was appreciated as the "engaging drunk" in the film.<ref name="MysoreReview">{{cite book|title=The Mysore Economic Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SfnrAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=20 February 2015|volume=75|year=1990}}</ref> Jayshree's role as Padmini, the young widow, was commended but her "speaking in whispers" was censured.<ref name="Thought">{{cite book|title=Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1BTmAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=20 February 2015|volume=6|year=1954|publisher=Siddhartha Publications|chapter=Cinema}}</ref> Pradeep Kumar's role as the "socially conscious" youth was termed "memorable".<ref name=Raj2009 />

==Soundtrack==
Shantaram chose [[C. Ramchandra]] as opposed to [[Vasant Desai]] for some of his films, [[Parchhain]], [[Navrang]] and ''Subah Ka Tara''. However, Desai scored the background music for both the films.<ref name="Gavankar2011">{{cite book|author=Nilu N. Gavankar|title=The Desai Trio and the Movie Industry of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXrxLp3IxbUC&pg=PA57|accessdate=20 February 2015|year=2011|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4634-1941-7|pages=57–}}</ref> The film's title song "Gaya Andhera Hua Ujala Chamka Subah Ka Tara" in [[Raga]] Pahadi was sung by [[Talat Mahmood]] and [[Lata Mangeshkar]].<ref name=Chandrakantha>{{cite web|title=Selected songs of Lata Mangeshkar|url=http://chandrakantha.com/biodata/lata_songs/lata_1954.shtml|website=chandrakantha.com|publisher=David and Chandrakantha Courtney|accessdate=30 June 2025}}</ref> The other notable songs from the film were Talat's "Apni Nakami Se Mujhko Kaam Hai", and "Badi Dhoom Dham Se Meri Bhabhi Aayi" sung by Usha Mangeshkar, which was also her debut song.<ref name="Sharma1981">{{cite book|author=Jagdish Saran Sharma|title=Encyclopaedia Indica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWtDAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=20 February 2015|volume=2|year=1981|publisher=S. Chand}}</ref>

The music director was C. Ramchandra with lyrics by Noor Lucknawi and the song "Do Haklon Ka Suno Fasana" written by Diwan Sharar. The singers were [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Talat Mahmood]], [[C. Ramchandra]] and [[Usha Mangeshkar]].<ref name=HindiGeetmala>{{cite web|title=Subah Ka Tara|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/subah_ka_tara.htm|website=hindigeetmala.net|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref>

===Song list===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Kismat Ne Humko"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Kahoon Kaise Main"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Chali Banke Dulhan"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Do Haklon Ka Suno Fasana"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|-
| "Gaya Andhera Hua Ujara, Chamka Subah Ka Tara"
| Lata Mangeshkar, [[Talat Mahmood]]
|-
| "Apni Nakaami Se Mujhko"
| Talat Mahmood
|-
| "Zara O Janewale"
| [[C. Ramchandra]]
|-
| "Bhabhi Aayi"
| [[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=tt0392803|title=Subah Ka Tara (1954 film)}}

{{V. Shantaram}}

[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:1954 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by V. Shantaram]]
[[Category:Films scored by C. Ramchandra]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:1950s romance films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Jalam (film)

2026-03-03T20:36:23Z

ChaseBruns: cleaned up section as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jalam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[M. Padmakumar]]
| producer = [[Sohan Roy]] [[Andrews T D]]
| writer = [[T. S. Suresh Babu]]
| starring = [[Priyanka Nair]] [[Prakash Bare]]
| music = [[Ouseppachan]]
| cinematography = Vinod Illampally
| editing = Ranjan Abraham
| distributor = Aries Group
| studio = Life In Frames Productions and Aries Group
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|2016|01|28|df=y}}
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Jalam''''' is a 2016 [[Malayalam]]-language movie directed by [[M. Padmakumar]] starring [[Priyanka Nair]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/movies/jalam.html|title=Jalam|work=FilmiBeat}}</ref> This is a world's first charity movie, a CSR film by Aries Group directed by [[M. Padmakumar]] and produced by Sohan Roy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nowboxoffice.com/jalam-movie-gallery/|title=Jalam Malayalam Movie Stills - nowboxoffice.com|work=nowboxoffice.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/a-real-life-jalam-malayalam-news-114741.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222234253/http://www.indiaglitz.com/a-real-life-jalam-malayalam-news-114741.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 December 2015|title=A real life Jalam|work=indiaglitz.com}}</ref> ‘. The dubbed version of the movie was released in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as Kaanal Neer on September 13 <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kaanal-neer-to-hit-the-screens-on-september-13/articleshow/70959089.cms|title=Kaanal Neer to Hit Theatre screens on September 13|newspaper=The Times of India |date=3 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/priyanka-excited-about-her-new-innings-in-tamil/article29269905.ece|title=Priyanka Nair excited about her new innings in Tamil|newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 August 2019 |last1=Kumar |first1=P. K. Ajith }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/actress-priyanka-nair-come-back-to-tamil-cinema-kaanal-neer-hareesh-peradi-1.4097527|title=Priyanka Nair to make her come back in Tamil with Kanaal Neer|date=5 September 2019 }}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Priyanka Nair]]
* Jain Syriac
* Sethulakshmi
* [[Prakash Bare]]
* [[Ponnamma Babu]]
* P Balachandran
* [[Hareesh Peradi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|5298910}}
{{M. Padmakumar}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Padmakumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ouseppachan]]

{{2010s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

5D (film)

2026-03-03T12:11:45Z

ChaseBruns: Adding New Info

{{Short description|2024 Indian thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 5D
| image = 5D film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Narayan]]
| producer = Swathi Kumar
| writer =
| screenplay = S. Narayan
| story = Ravi Guntimadugu<ref name=":VKs" />
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Aditya (actor)|Aditya]]
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]]
* S. Narayan }}
| music = S. Narayan
| cinematography = Kumar Gowda SK
| editing = Shivu Yadav
| studio = One To Hundred
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|2|16|df=yes}}
| runtime = 129 minutes<ref name=":VK" />
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross =
}}
'''''5D''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[suspense thriller]] film co-written and directed by [[S. Narayan]]. The film was produced by Swathi Kumar under the banner One To Hundred.<ref name=":OTTp1" /> The film stars himself, [[Aditya (actor)|Aditya]] and [[Aditi Prabhudeva]].

''5D'' was released theatrically on 16 February 2024 to mixed reviews from critics.<ref name=":OTTPr" />

== Cast ==
* [[Aditya (actor)|Aditya]]
* [[Aditi Prabhudeva]]
* [[S. Narayan]] as Abhinandan
* [[Jyothi Rai]]

== Production ==
Ravi Guntimadugu developed the story with [[Aditya (actor)|Aditya]] in mind for the lead role.<ref>{{cite news |title=S Narayan's Comeback Movie With Aditya, Aditi Prabhudeva |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/s-narayans-comeback-movie-with-aditya-aditi-prabhudeva-664944 |work=[[The Hans India]] |date=2 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> [[Aditi Prabhudeva]] was chosen to portray the role of an [[Auto rickshaw|auto-rickshaw]] driver in this film.<ref name=":TOIm">{{cite news |title=Aditi Prabhudeva turns auto rickshaw driver for 5D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/aditi-prabhudeva-turns-auto-rickshaw-driver-for-5d/articleshow/81605580.cms |work=The Times of India |date=20 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":OTTp1">{{cite news |title=Is Adityaa a vigilante in director S Narayan's thriller 5D? |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/is-adityaa-a-vigilante-in-director-s-narayans-thriller-5d/5cce6326c2136 |work=OTTPlay |date=12 April 2022 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412120953/https://www.ottplay.com/news/is-adityaa-a-vigilante-in-director-s-narayans-thriller-5d/5cce6326c2136 |url-status=live }}</ref> Principal photography began on 1 January 2021,<ref>{{cite news |title=Aditya and Aditi Prabhudeva team up for thriller called D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/aditya-and-aditi-prabhudeva-team-up-for-thriller-called-d/articleshow/80084778.cms |work=The Times of India |date=4 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Darshan launches the title of Aditya's new film named D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/darshan-launches-the-title-of-adityas-new-film-named-d/articleshow/80070445.cms |work=The Times of India |date=2 January 2021}}</ref> with a [[muhurat shot]] pooja held on [[New Year's Day]] in [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":TOIm" /><ref>{{cite news |title='ಡಿ ಬಾಸ್‌' ದರ್ಶನ್‌ಗೆ ಹೊಸ ವರ್ಷದ ಮೊದಲ ದಿನವೇ '5 D' ಕೆಲಸ ಕೊಟ್ಟ ಎಸ್‌. ನಾರಾಯಣ್‌! |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/roberrt-actor-darshan-reveals-s-narayan-directorial-new-movie-title-5-d-starring-aditya-and-aditi-prabhudeva/articleshow/80071817.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=2 January 2021 |language=kn}}</ref> Filming was halted due to the [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|COVID-19 lockdown]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Director S Narayan scouts for fresh faces for his next |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-s-narayan-scouts-for-fresh-faces-for-his-next/articleshow/83944163.cms |work=The Times of India |date=29 June 2021}}</ref> but resumed in July 2021<ref>{{cite news |title=I love to direct serials, says S Narayan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-love-to-direct-serials-says-s-narayan/articleshow/84087507.cms |work=The Times of India |date=3 July 2021 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094506/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/kannada/i-love-to-direct-serials-says-s-narayan/amp_articleshow/84087507.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and concluded in August 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trailer of Adithya and Aditi Prabhudeva-starrer Kannada film D5 to be released this Friday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/trailer-of-adithya-and-aditi-prabhudeva-starrer-kannada-film-d5-to-be-released-this-friday/articleshow/86808747.cms |work=The Times of India |date=6 October 2021 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094507/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/trailer-of-adithya-and-aditi-prabhudeva-starrer-kannada-film-d5-to-be-released-this-friday/amp_articleshow/86808747.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adithya and Aditi Prabhudeva wrap up shoot for 5D |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/adithya-and-aditi-prabhudeva-wrap-up-shoot-for-d5/articleshow/85171154.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 August 2021 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094512/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/adithya-and-aditi-prabhudeva-wrap-up-shoot-for-d5/amp_articleshow/85171154.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was primarily shot in Bangalore. This film marks the fiftieth directorial venture of [[S. Narayan]], who typically helms family dramas, marking a departure into the thriller genre.<ref name=":TOI1" /><ref>{{cite news |title=The first look of D5 to be revealed tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-first-look-of-d5-to-be-revealed-tomorrow/articleshow/84287983.cms |work=The Times of India |date=10 July 2021 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-first-look-of-d5-to-be-revealed-tomorrow/amp_articleshow/84287983.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":VKs">{{cite news |title='5ಡಿ' ಸಿನಿಮಾದ 'ಪಿಸು ಪಿಸು ಮಾತು..' ಹಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಆದಿತ್ಯ- ಅದಿತಿ ಪ್ರಭುದೇವ ಮಿಂಚಿಂಗ್‌ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/aditya-aditi-prabhudeva-s-narayans-5d-movie-pisu-pisu-mathu-song-released/articleshow/97008521.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=15 January 2023 |language=kn |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124947/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/aditya-aditi-prabhudeva-s-narayans-5d-movie-pisu-pisu-mathu-song-released/amp_articleshow/97008521.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film also represents Aditya's twenty-fifth acting project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=Veteran Kannada film director S Narayan: I am 50-films-old, but I have not retired |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2024/Feb/15/veteran-kannada-film-director-s-narayan-i-am-50-films-old-but-i-have-not-retired-52074.html |work=Cinema Express |date=12 February 2024 |language=en}}</ref> The cinematography was by Kumar Gowda SK, while the editing was handled by Shivu Yadav.<ref name=":TOI1">{{cite news |title=Director S Narayan returns with '5D' after 5 years; the film's team plans to launch the trailer soon |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-s-narayan-returns-with-5d-after-5-years-the-films-team-plans-to-launch-the-trailer-soon/articleshow/92718123.cms |work=The Times of India |date=7 July 2022 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094528/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/director-s-narayan-returns-with-5d-after-5-years-the-films-team-plans-to-launch-the-trailer-soon/amp_articleshow/92718123.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Music ==
The music was composed by [[S. Narayan]], who also wrote the lyrics.<ref>{{cite news |title='I'm 50-films-old but I haven't retired': Veteran Kannada film director S Narayan |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/Feb/15/im-50-films-old-but-i-havent-retired-veteran-kannada-film-director-s-narayan |work=The New Indian Express |date=15 February 2024 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094640/https://gum.criteo.com/syncframe?origin=publishertagids&topUrl=www.newindianexpress.com&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amma Amma (From "5D") - Single by Karthik & S. Narayan on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/ly/album/amma-amma-from-5d-single/1637834731 |website=[[Apple Music]] |access-date=17 September 2024 |date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917094513/https://music.apple.com/ly/album/amma-amma-from-5d-single/1637834731 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pisu Pisu Mathu (From "5d") Song: Pisu Pisu Mathu (From "5d") MP3 Kannada Song by S. Narayan Online on Gaana.com |url=https://gaana.com/album/pisu-pisu-mathu-from-5d |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]] |access-date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Amma Amma
| length1 = 6:10
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title2 = Pisu Pisu Mathu
| length2 = 4:44
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| total_length = 10:54
}}

== Release ==
The film was originally supposed to be released in 2023, but it was delayed and rescheduled for 9 February 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Time for 5D view - Bangalore Mirror |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/time-for-5d-view/articleshow/106708421.cms |work=bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com |date=11 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kannada film '5D' is a milestone in the career of actor Aditya and director S Narayan. Here's why |url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada-film-5d-is-a-milestone-in-the-career-of-actor-aditya-and-director-s-narayan-heres-why/ |work=The South First |date=10 January 2024 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110074937/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/kannada-film-5d-is-a-milestone-in-the-career-of-actor-aditya-and-director-s-narayan-heres-why/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adityaa-led medical crime thriller 5D to get a February release |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/adityaa-led-medical-crime-thriller-5d-to-get-a-february-release/6f104b30e47 |work=OTTPlay |date=10 January 2024 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222071851/https://www.ottplay.com/news/adityaa-led-medical-crime-thriller-5d-to-get-a-february-release/6f104b30e47 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the release date was changed again, and it was released on 16 February 2024.<ref name=":OTTPr">{{cite news |title=Saramsha, KTM, Abbabba, Shakhahaari, 5D and more among 10 Kannada releases on February 16 |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/saramsha-ktm-abbabba-shakhahaari-5d-and-more-among-10-kannada-releases-on-february-16/837c015456414 |work=[[OTTplay]] |date=13 February 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917095152/https://www.ottplay.com/amp/news/saramsha-ktm-abbabba-shakhahaari-5d-and-more-among-10-kannada-releases-on-february-16/837c015456414 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception ==
Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film two-and-a-half out of five stars and wrote that "The story itself is very outdated and the treatment of the subject is very conventional. Adithya's performance is the only saving grace. Aditi Prabhudeva's character doesn't have any impact on the story. Even the songs are average."<ref>{{cite news |title=5D Movie Review: 5D review: A revenge drama which fails to deliver |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/5d/amp_movie_review/107758613.cms |work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=16 February 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917095046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/5d/amp_movie_review/107758613.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Raisa Nasreen of ''[[Times Now]]'' gave it three out of five stars and wrote that "No one will be able to guess the twist in the climax. It will be the highlight of the film."<ref>{{cite news |title=5D Movie Review: S Narayan's Milestone Kannada Film Is An Intriguing Suspense Thriller |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/5d-movie-review-s-narayans-milestone-kannada-film-is-an-intriguing-suspense-thriller-review-107693995/amp |work=Times Now |date=16 February 2024 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424165007/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/kannada/5d-movie-review-s-narayans-milestone-kannada-film-is-an-intriguing-suspense-thriller-review-107693995/amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

A critic from ''[[Vijaya Karnataka]]'' rated the film three out of five stars and opined that the film lacks a gripping screenplay as well as S. Narayan's music, which is not favourable for the film.<ref name=":VK">{{cite news |title=ಎಸ್‌ ನಾರಾಯಣ್ & ನಟ ಆದಿತ್ಯ ಕಾಂಬಿನೇಷನ್‌ನ '5ಡಿ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಹೇಗಿದೆ? ರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಎಷ್ಟು? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/aditya-aditi-prabhudeva-s-narayan-starrer-5d-movie-review-rating-in-kannada/amp_moviereview/107756024.cms |work=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |date=16 February 2024 |language=kn |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311073948/https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/aditya-aditi-prabhudeva-s-narayan-starrer-5d-movie-review-rating-in-kannada/amp_moviereview/107756024.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> A Sharadhaa of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' wrote, "''5D'' offers a refreshing departure from Narayan's signature style, in a way that still satisfies his fans, with a darker and more intense narrative than his previous endeavors."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharadhaa |first1=A. |title=5D Movie Review: 5D is a refreshing departure from S Narayan's signature style |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/review/2024/Feb/19/5d-movie-review-5dis-a-refreshing-departure-from-s-narayans-signature-style-52171.html |work=Cinema Express |date=11 February 2024 |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917095200/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/amp/story/kannada/review/2024/Feb/19/5d-movie-review-5dis-a-refreshing-departure-from-s-narayans-signature-style-52171.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt31272285}}
{{S. Narayan}}
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:Films set in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Narayan]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Medical-themed films]]

All India Democratic Youth Organisation

2026-02-27T10:53:56Z

ChaseBruns: add citations additionally and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
[[File:Aidyokolkatamural.jpg|thumb|250px|AIDYO mural, announcing its [[Kolkata]] District Conference]]
{{Short description|Youth organization in India}}
'''All India Democratic Youth Organisation''' is the youth wing of the [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]].

All India Democratic Youth Organisation (AIDYO) was formed on 26 June 1966, with the stated purpose of uniting the youth of India to fight all social menaces and atrocities such as superstition, communalism, casteism, regionalism, religious fundamentalism, etc.<ref>[[Shibdas Ghosh]]: ''[https://www.marxists.org/archive/shibdas-ghosh/1967/09/17.htm To the youth]''</ref>

The All India President of the organisation is A Ramanjanappa Aldalli and the General Secretary is Prathibha Nayak.<ref>State-level youth conference to begin on 2 Feb http://www.newindpress.com/NewsItems.asp?ID=IE120070124222837&Page=1&Title=Bangalore&Topic=0{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

AIDYO organises youth movements against various policies of the state and the central government which affects the youths who are analysed as anti-people, pro-capitalist, as per the ideology put forth by [[Shibdas Ghosh]]. The organisation strives to do away with what they analyse as decadent capitalist-imperialist culture and its degenerative influence (obscenity, vulgarity, obsession with sex, indulgence in narcotic alcoholism, etc.).<ref>AIDYO, AIMSS activists tear apart 'sleazy' ad hoardings http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/aug22005/district185959200581.asp</ref><ref>AIDYO to stage rally in Bangalore http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/13/stories/2005081305470300.htm</ref><ref>AIDYO to organise 'Vidhana Saudha Chalo' on 15 July http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/july112004/d2.asp</ref><ref>Students protest sex education http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070526/delhi.htm#4</ref>

The organisation encourages the youth to observe the birth and death anniversaries of the great men of history who fought for secular democratic and revolutionary ideology in their time which is of social relevance even now.<ref>'Singh'ing praises for a true patriot http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/sep292006/district1826452006928.asp</ref><ref>Karnataka: Bhagat Singh's contribution to freedom struggle remembered http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082457740300.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714094046/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082457740300.htm |date=14 July 2013 }}</ref>

Considering "street theatre" as a tool for social change, the organisation conducts street play festivals every year. The 17th Street Play Festival was held in Bangalore from 22 to 24 February 2013.<ref>On a mission to revive street theatre http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/21/stories/2005122106100200.htm</ref><ref>Street plays, dance and music http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/19/stories/2006011915970200.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107005033/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/19/stories/2006011915970200.htm |date=7 November 2012 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}

[[Category:1966 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Youth wings of communist parties of India|India Democratic Youth Organization, All]]
[[Category:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
[[Category:Youth organizations established in 1966]]

{{communist-youth-org-stub}}

Tomb of Malik Ambar

2026-02-26T22:39:35Z

ChaseBruns: New a bio

{{infobox historic site
| location = [[Khuldabad]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| image = Tomb of Malik Ambar Back.jpg
| coordinates = {{coord|20.0142|75.1845|display=title,inline}}
| designation1 = MANI
| designation1_offname = Tomb of Malik Ambar
| designation1_number = N-MH-A36
}}
The '''Tomb of Malik Ambar''' is a mausoleum located in [[Khuldabad]], in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. It is the burial place of [[Malik Ambar]], a military leader who served as the prime minister of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]. Ambar built the tomb for himself, and was interred here upon his death in 1626.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-17 |title=ASI set for conservation of Malik Ambar's tomb |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/aurangabad/asi-set-for-conservation-of-malik-ambars-tomb/articleshow/101811025.cms |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> It is listed as a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|monument of national importance]].<ref>{{cite web |date=August 2021 |title=List of Centrally Protected Monuments / Sites under the jurisdiction of Maharashtra (Aurangabad Circle, Mumbai Circle and Nagpur Circle) |url=https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Maharashtra-Aurangabad-Circle-Mumbai-Circle-and-Nagpur-Circle.pdf |website=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref>

== Background ==
[[File:Tomb_of_Malik_Ambar_Front.jpg|thumb|The tomb, viewed from the southern side]]
[[Malik Ambar]] was a former slave who rose to become the ''[[peshwa]]'' (prime minister) of the [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]] at the turn of the 17th century. Ambar is also credited with the construction of the [[Neher water system]], as well as several mosques and tombs within [[Aurangabad]]. His tomb, which was commissioned by himself, and completed before his death, is considered to be built in the design of a royal mausoleum.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSaODwAAQBAJ&dq=khuldabad+malik+ambar+tomb&pg=PA195 |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India |date=2018-08-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83860-928-3 |pages=195–198 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=2019 |title=Memorials of Sovereignty: Funerary Architecture of the Siddis of Janjira at Khokri (Maharashtra) |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arasi_0004-3958_2019_num_74_1_2051 |journal=Arts Asiatiques |language=fr |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=149–156 |doi=10.3406/arasi.2019.2051 |s2cid=216679728 |issn=0004-3958}}</ref> Ambar was entombed here upon his death in 1626.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-09 |title=Malik Ambar: The African slave who built Aurangabad and ruined the game for Mughals in the Deccan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/malik-ambar-aurangabad-mughals-jahangir-akbar-shivaji-6397143/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
The tomb is located at the center of a large walled enclosure, which is entered through a gate on the eastern side. It is situated on a plinth, and has a square plan. The main construction material used is black [[basalt]], held together by lime. On each side are three recesses with lobed arches. Of these, the central arch is decorated with [[Jali|latticed screens]] in the form of geometric patterns. The central arch on the southern side forms the entrance to the tomb. The western side is adorned by relief carvings instead. Above the three arches is a line of smaller and shallower recessed arches, which is overhung by a ''[[chhajja]]'' that runs along the length of the building, resting on ornate brackets. Domed pavilions are provided on top of all four corners of the building. It is surmounted by a main flattish dome, rising from a band of carved petals.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Michell |first1=George |url=https://the-deccan.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cambridge_history_michell_zebrowski_art_architecture_deccan_sultanates.pdf |title=Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanates |last2=Zebrowski |first2=Mark |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=[[The New Cambridge History of India]] I : 7 |pages=84, 128}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomb of Malik Ambar |url=https://asiaurangabadcircle.com/monuments/ellora/tombOfMalikAmbar.php |website=[[Archaeological Survey of India]], Aurangabad Circle}}</ref>

A smaller tomb, in a ruinous state, is located a few meters south-west of Ambar's tomb. It is not known who is buried within this tomb due to the lack of an inscription, but it is attributed to Ambar's grandson.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />
[[File:Tomb_of_Malik_Ambar_Inside.jpg|thumb|Interior]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Tombs in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Architecture of the Deccan sultanates]]

Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science

2026-02-24T04:30:14Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Research University in Kolkata}}
{{promotional|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
| image = Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Logo.svg
| image_upright = .7
| motto = {{lang|sa|tanvama apāvṛśā}}
| budget = {{INRConvert|258.73|c|1|lk=on}} {{small|(2025{{ndash}}26)}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2023 |title=DETAILED DEMANDS FOR GRANTS OF MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR 2025-2026 |url=https://iacs.res.in/IACS%20Annual%20Report%2023-24.pdf |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=dst.gov.in}}</ref>
| established = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1876}}}}
| founder = [[Mahendralal Sarkar]]
| type = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
| academic_affiliation = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]}}
| president = [[Renu Swarup|Dr. Renu Swarup]]
| director = [[Kalobaran Maiti]]
| city = [[Kolkata]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|29|55.53|N|88|22|1.52|E|format=dms|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Metropolis|Large city]]
| free_label = Newspaper
| free = ''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]''
| language = English
| website = {{Official URL}}||
}}
{{Infobox university rankings|type=University and College|CWUR_W=1092 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>|CWUR_N=19 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2021–2022 Ranking|url=https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|access-date=27 July 2021|archive-date=27 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727160759/https://cwur.org/2021-22/Indian-Association-for-the-Cultivation-of-Science.php|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
[[File:Indian Association for the Cultivation Of Science (New Gate).png|thumb|IACS main entrance in Jadavpur, Kolkata.]]
'''Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science''' ('''IACS''') is a [[Public university|public]], [[Deemed university|deemed]], [[research university]] for higher education and research in [[basic sciences]] under the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science & Technology, Government of India]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bernhard Joseph Stern|title=Science and Society|year=1978|page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQZ2ni_Bn5sC&q=Indian+Association+for+the+Cultivation+of+Science&pg=PA85}}</ref> Established on 29 July 1876 by [[Mahendra Lal Sarkar|Mahendralal Sarkar]], a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundamental research in basic sciences.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata|url=http://www.dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|work=dst.gov.in|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225344/http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm|archive-date=29 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is India's oldest [[research institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=saha.ac.in|url=http://www.saha.ac.in/web/founder/founder-life-works?showall=&start=10|access-date=8 October 2017|archive-date=9 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009093311/http://www.saha.ac.in/web/founder/founder-life-works?showall=&start=10|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science|url=http://twas.org/partner/indian-association-cultivation-science|work=twas.org|access-date=19 April 2014|archive-date=18 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418220758/http://twas.org/partner/indian-association-cultivation-science|url-status=live}}</ref> located at [[Jadavpur]], [[South Kolkata]] near [[Jadavpur University]], [[Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute]] and [[Indian Institute of Chemical Biology]]. It is spread over a limited area of 9.5 [[acre]]s<ref name="iacs1">{{cite web|title=About IACS|url=http://iacs.res.in/about-us.html|access-date=19 April 2014|work=iacs.res.in|archive-date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011101827/http://iacs.res.in/about-us.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and currently in the process of building an advanced SMART campus at [[Baruipur]].<ref name=":0" />

The association is engaged in research in various fields of [[physical sciences]], [[chemical sciences]], [[biological sciences]], [[Mathematics|mathematical]] and [[computational science]]s, [[materials science]]s and various [[Applied science|applied]] and [[Interdisciplinary science|interdisciplinary sciences]] areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lourdusamy |first=John Bosco |date=2003 |title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: A Tortuous Tryst with Modern Science |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188743 |journal=Journal of Science Education and Technology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=381–396 |doi=10.1023/B:JOST.0000006298.23641.2e |jstor=40188743 |bibcode=2003JSEdT..12..381L |s2cid=144345557 |issn=1059-0145 |access-date=1 December 2022 |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201145100/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188743 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Indian Journal of Physics (IJP) ==
''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]'' was founded in 1926. It is published monthly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12648|access-date=2021-06-05|website=Springer|language=en|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606191024/https://www.springer.com/journal/12648|url-status=live}}</ref> Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Journal of Physics |url=http://iacs.res.in/indian-journal-physics.html |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=iacs.res.in |archive-date=8 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308134223/http://iacs.res.in/indian-journal-physics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Second Campus (Offshore Campus at Baruipur)==
On September 13, 2018, Dr. [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]], the [[Minister of Science and Technology (India)|Union Minister of Science and Technology]], unveiled the foundation stone of the ''Syamaprasad Mukherjee Advanced Research and Training'' (SMART) campus of the IACS at [[Baruipur]], Kolkata.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=http://www.uniindia.com/dr-harsh-vardhan-unveils-foundation-stone-of-shyamaprasad-mookerjee-advance-research-and-training-campus/states/news/1350018.html |title=Dr.Harsh Vardhan unveils foundation stone of shyamaprasad mookerjee advance research and training campus |date=13 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=United News of India |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134813/http://www.uniindia.com/dr-harsh-vardhan-unveils-foundation-stone-of-shyamaprasad-mookerjee-advance-research-and-training-campus/states/news/1350018.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The SMART campus is envisioned as a [[State of the art|state-of-the-art]] facility dedicated to fostering cutting-edge research and training across [[multidisciplinary research]], including [[Fundamental sciences]], [[Engineering sciences]], [[Medical sciences]], Named after [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee|Syamaprasad Mukherjee]], a notable Indian politician and academic, this campus aims to serve as a hub for [[innovation]] and scientific advancement in India.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/second-campus-for-science-hub/cid/1668467 |title=Second campus for science hub |date=14 September 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018 |newspaper=The Telegraph |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406203320/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/second-campus-for-science-hub/cid/1668467 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan unveils the foundation stone of the Shyamaprasad Mookerjee advance research and training campus of IACS in Kolkata |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1546078 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

== Academic Divisions ==
Starting from 2018, after being declared as a deemed university by MHRD, for academic purposes, departments and centres in the Institute are broadly assigned to six major schools, each headed by a Chairperson (School Chair):

* School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS)
* School of Biological Sciences (SBS)
* School of Chemical Sciences (SCS)
* School of Materials Sciences (SMS)
* School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences (SMCS)
* School of Physical Sciences (SPS)

Apart from these six major schools, there are a few centers, designed to perform specific and cutting-edge research, by the institute administration:

* Centre for Computer Research, Education and Services (CCRES)
* Director's Research Unit (DRU)
* Technical Research Center (TRC)
* Central Scientific Services (CSS)
* Raman Centre of Atomic, Molecular & Optical Sciences
* Polymer Structural Unit
* Energy Research Unit

==Administration==
[[File:Indian_Association_for_Cultivation_of_Science.jpg|thumb|Office c. 1907|305x305px]]
At its inception, the IACS was headed by a president, with the Honorary Secretary responsible for the day-to-day running of the Society. Until 1911, the office of President was ''de facto'' held by the [[List of governors of Bengal|Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal]], when the Lieutenant-Governor (Governor from 1912) became the co-patron of the Society alongside the [[Viceroy of India]], whose office-holders were automatically Patrons of the Society until 1947.<ref name="IACS_admin_15">{{cite book|pages=144|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1915 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1915}}</ref><ref name="president" group="note">With the exceptions of Sir (later Lord) [[Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell|Antony MacDonnell]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1893-1895), Sir [[Charles Cecil Stevens]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1897-1898), [[James Bourdillon]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1902-1903), Sir [[Lancelot Hare]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906) and [[Francis Slacke]] (Lieutenant-Governor 1906-1908).</ref> Following India's independence in 1947, the administration of the IACS was reconstituted, with the designation of "Honorary Director" substituted for "Honorary Secretary."<ref name="IACS_admin_47">{{cite book|pages=25–26|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1947-1948 |year=1948}}</ref> The Director's prefix of ''"Honorary"'' was dropped in 1953.<ref name="IACS_5253"/> Post 1947, according to '''Article 12''' of the [[Constitution of India]] status of the institute has changed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=KM |first=Ashok |date=16 Feb 2023 |title=Indian Association For The Cultivation Of Science (IACS) Is A 'State' U/Article 12 : Supreme Court |url=https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-iacs-indian-association-cultivation-science-state-pushan-majumdar-vs-union-of-india-2023-livelaw-sc-115-221742 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319172346/https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-iacs-indian-association-cultivation-science-state-pushan-majumdar-vs-union-of-india-2023-livelaw-sc-115-221742 |archive-date=19 March 2023 |access-date=16 Feb 2023 |work=LiveLaw.in |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mitra |first=Dipawali |date=16 Feb 2023 |title=SC: IACS not an autonomous body |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sc-iacs-not-an-autonomous-body/articleshow/97965571.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624134725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sc-iacs-not-an-autonomous-body/articleshowprint/97965571.cms |archive-date=24 June 2025 |access-date=16 Feb 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] Feb 16, 2023, 08.07 AM IST |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>

===Presidents of the IACS (1876-present)===
*[[Sir Richard Temple, 1st Baronet]] [[Royal Society|FRS]] (1876-1877)
*[[File:Mahendra Sarobar, IACS.jpg|thumb|307x307px|Mahendra Sarobar, IACS]][[The Hon.]] [[Sir]] [[Ashley Eden]] [[The Asiatic Society|FASB]] (1877-1882)
*Sir [[Augustus Rivers Thompson]] (1882-1887)
*Sir [[Steuart Bayley]] (1887-1890)
*[[File:Meghnad Saha stat.jpg|thumb|Prof. Meghnad Saha, first director of IACS|378x378px]]Sir [[Charles Alfred Elliott]] FASB (1890-1895)
*Sir [[Alexander Mackenzie (civil servant)|Alexander Mackenzie]] (1895-1898)
*Sir [[John Woodburn (Bengal governor)|John Woodburn]] (1898-1903)
*Sir [[Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser]] FASB (1903-1909)
*Sir [[Edward Norman Baker]] (1909-1911)
*[[Raja]] Pyare Mohan Mukherjee FASB (1911-1922)<ref name="IACS_admin_23">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1923 |publisher=Anglo-Sanskrit Press|year=1923}}</ref>
*Hon. Justice Sir [[Ashutosh Mukherjee]] FASB, [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]], [[Fellows of The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|FRAS]], [[Royal Irish Academy|MRIA]] (1922-1924)<ref>{{cite web|title=IACS - Annual Report for the Year 1924|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/434/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1924.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003075800/http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/434/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1924.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Sir [[Rajendra Nath Mookerjee]] FASB (1924-1934?)<ref name="IACS_admin_35">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1935 |year=1935}}</ref>
*Sir [[Nilratan Sircar]] (1934-1942)<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
*Prof. [[Rai Bahadur]] Sir [[Upendranath Brahmachari]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNI]], FASB (1942-1946)<ref name="IACS_admin_42">{{cite book|pages=20|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1942 |year=1942}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_46">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1946 |year=1946}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Meghnad Saha]] FNI, FASB, FRS (1946-1951)<ref name="IACS_admin_46"/><ref name="IACS_admin_50">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1950-51|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/459/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1950-51.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*Prof. Sir [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh]] FNI (1951-1954)<ref name="IACS_admin_51">{{cite web|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1951-52|url=http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/464/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1951-52.pdf|website=Archive - IACS|access-date=7 October 2017|archive-date=8 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030746/http://arxiv.iacs.res.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10821/464/1/ANNUAL%20REPORT-1951-52.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_53">{{cite journal|pages=495–496|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1953-54 |journal=Nature |year=1954|volume=174 |issue=4428 |doi=10.1038/174495a0 |bibcode=1954Natur.174..495. |s2cid=4203443 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*Hon. Justice [[Charu Chandra Biswas]] (1954-1957)<ref name="IACS_admin_55">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |year=1956}}</ref>
*Hon. Chief Justice Phani Bhusan Chakravartti (1957-1958)<ref name="IACS_admin_57">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1957-58 |year=1958}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Satyendra Nath Bose]] FNI, FRS (1958-1962)<ref name="IACS_admin_58">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59 |year=1959}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_61"/>
*Hon. Justice Rama Prasad Mookerjee (1962-1965)<ref name="IACS_admin_61">{{cite book|pages=2|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1961-62 |year=1962}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee]] FNI, [[Royal Society of Chemistry|FCS]] (1965-1968)<ref name="IACS_admin_65">{{cite book|pages=2–4|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1965-66 |year=1966}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri]] FNA (first term, 1968–1970)<ref name="IACS_admin_68">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1968-69 |year=1969}}</ref><ref name="INSA" group="note">Prior to 1970, the [[Indian National Science Academy]] was named the "National Institute of Sciences of India", and its fellows bore the post-nominal "FNI". The post-nominal became "FNA" in 1970 when the association adopted its present name.</ref>
*Prof. [[Sushil Kumar Mukherjee]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]] (first term, 1970–1973)<ref name="IACS_admin_70">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1970-71 |year=1971}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_73">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1973-74 |year=1974}}</ref>
*Prof. Sukumar Chandra Sirkar FNA (1973-1974)<ref name="IACS_admin_73"/>
*Prof. Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri FNA (second term, 1974–1977)<ref name="IACS_admin_74">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1974-75 |year=1975}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_77">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1977-78 |year=1978}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Bimal Kumar Bachhawat]] FNA (1977-1983)<ref name="IACS_admin_77"/>
*Prof. Sushil Kumar Mukherjee FNA (second term, 1983–1997)<ref name="IACS_admin_82">{{cite book|pages=1–4|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1982-83 |year=1983}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_97">{{cite book|pages=3|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1997-98 |publisher=IACS|year=1998}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Arun Kumar Sharma]] FNA, FASc (1997-2000)<ref name="IACS_admin_97"/>

* Prof. M. M. Chakraborty (2000-2003)<ref name="IACS_admin_2000">{{cite book|pages=3|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2000-2001 |publisher=IACS|year=2001}}</ref><ref name="IACS_admin_2002">{{cite book|pages=6|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2002-2003 |publisher=IACS|year=2003}}</ref>
[[File:Independence Day celebration at IACS.jpg|thumb|Independence Day celebration at IACS (15 August 2019)|408x408px]]
* Prof. [[Ashesh Prosad Mitra]] FNA, FASc, FRS (2003-2007)<ref name="IACS_admin_2003">{{cite book|pages=1|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2003-2004 |publisher=IACS|year=2004}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Shri Krishna Joshi]] FNA, FASc (2007-2014)<ref name="IACS_admin_2007">{{cite book|pages=8–11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2007-2008 |publisher=IACS|year=2008}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Man Mohan Sharma]] FNA, FASc, FRS, [[FREng]] (2014–2021)<ref name="IACS_admin_2014">{{cite book|pages=11|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 2014-15 |publisher=IACS|year=2015}}</ref>
*Prof. [[Srivari Chandrasekhar]], FNA, FASc (2021 – 2022)
*Prof. [[Vinod K. Singh]], FNA, FASc, FNASc, FTWAS (2022–present)

===Secretaries and Directors of the IACS===
====Honorary Secretaries of the IACS (1876-1947)====

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Name
! Period in office
! Duration in office
|-
| [[Mahendralal Sarkar]] (Founder)
| 15 January 1876 – 23 February 1904<ref name=IACS_1904>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/610 |title=Report of the Twenty Seventh Annual Meeting of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 1904 |author= |date=June 1904 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/610 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1876|1|15|1904|2|23}}
|-
| Amritalal Sarkar
| 16 June 1904 – 8 September 1919<ref name=IACS_1904/><ref name="Raman_IACS">{{cite web|title=Raman, Krishnan and the IACS Episodes of the 1930s|url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|website=INSA - Indian Journal of History of Science|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193914/http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol48_1_3_AKBiswas.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1904|6|16|1919|9|8}}
|-
| [[C. V. Raman]]
| 18 September 1919 – 31 March 1933<ref name="Raman_IACS"/><ref>{{cite book|pages=21|title=The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for the Year 1920 |year=1920}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Viswamitra |first1=M. A. |date=November 1988 |title= Professor C. V. Raman and the Department of Physics, IISc, 1933-1948 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2289/6268 |journal=J. Indian Inst. Sci. |volume=68 |issue= |pages=445–447 |doi= |hdl=2289/6268 |access-date=15 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1919|9|18|1933|3|31}}
|-
| [[K. S. Krishnan]]
| 31 March 1933 – 19 June 1934<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1933|3|31|1934|6|19}}
|-
| [[Sisir Kumar Mitra]]
| 19 June 1934–November 1935<ref name="Raman_IACS"/>
| 1 year, 5 months
|-
| [[Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee]]
| November 1935–31 December 1943<ref name="Raman_IACS"/><ref name="IACS_1943">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author= |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 8 years, 1 month
|-
| [[Meghnad Saha]]
| 31 December 1943–October 1944<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/458 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1943 |author= |date=31 December 1943 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/458 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 9 months
|-
| ''[[Priyadaranjan Ray]] (acting)''
| ''October–31 December 1944''<ref name="IACS_1943"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/461 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1944 |author= |date=31 December 1944 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/461 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 2 months
|-
| [[Priyadaranjan Ray]]
| 1 January 1945 – 1 October 1947<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/455 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1945 |author= |date=31 December 1945 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/455 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_4748">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/463 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1947–48 |author= |date=31 March 1948 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/463 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1945|1|1|1947|10|1}}
|-
|}

[[File:Front garden, IACS.jpg|thumb|303x303px]]

====Honorary Directors of the IACS (1947-1953)====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Period in office
! Duration in office
|-
| Priyadaranjan Ray
| 1 October 1947 – 1 January 1953<ref name="IACS_4748"/><ref name="IACS_5253">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/462 |title=Report of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the Year 1952–53 |author= |date=31 March 1953 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/462 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1947|10|1|1953|1|1}}
|-
|}

====Directors of the IACS (1953-present)====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Period in office
! Duration in office
|-
| Meghnad Saha
| 1 January 1953 – 16 February 1956<ref name="IACS_5253"/><ref name="IACS_5556">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/611 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1955-56 |author= |date=1 April 1956 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/611 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1953|1|1|1956|2|16}}
|-
| ''Priyadaranjan Ray (officiating)''
| ''4 March 1956 – 2 December 1958''<ref name="IACS_5556"/><ref name="IACS_5859">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/613 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1958-59 |author= |date=1 April 1959 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/613 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1956|3|4|1958|12|2}}
|-
| ''Sukumar Chandra Sirkar (acting)''
| ''8 December 1958 – 10 December 1959''<ref name="IACS_5859"/><ref name="IACS_5960">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/614 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1959-60 |author= |date=1 April 1960 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/614 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1958|12|8|1959|12|10}}
|-
| [[Kedareswar Banerjee]]
| 11 December 1959 – 1 October 1965<ref name="IACS_5960"/><ref name="IACS_6566">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/621 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1965-66 |author= |date=1 April 1966 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/621 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1959|12|11|1965|10|1}}
|-
| ''Bishwambhar Nath Srivastava (acting)''
| ''1 October 1965 – 31 December 1968''<ref name="IACS_6566"/><ref name="IACS_6869">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/622 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1968-69 |author= |date=1 April 1969 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/622 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1965|10|1|1968|12|31}}
|-
| Debidas Basu
| 1 January 1969 – 31 August 1980<ref name="IACS_6869"/><ref name="IACS_8081">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/970 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1980-81 |author= |date=1 April 1981 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/970 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1969|1|1|1980|8|31}}
|-
| ''G. S. Banerjee [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (acting)''
| ''19 September 1980 – 8 March 1981''<ref name="IACS_8081"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1980|9|19|1981|3|8}}
|-
| [[Sadhan Basu]]
| 9 March 1981 – 14 July 1982<ref name="sbasu" group="note">On medical leave from 14 July 1982, resigned with effect from 24 August.</ref><ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/972 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1982-83 |author= |date=1 April 1983 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/972 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1981|3|9|1982|7|14}}
|-
| ''G. S. Banerjee IAS (acting)''
| ''14 July–8 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8081"/><ref name="IACS_8283"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|7|14|1982|12|8}}
|-
| ''[[Asok Kumar Barua]] (acting)''
| ''9–30 December 1982''<ref name="IACS_8283"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1982|12|9|1982|12|30}}
|-
| Asok Kumar Barua
| 31 December 1982 – 1989<ref name="IACS_8283"/><ref name="IACS_8990">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/978 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1989-90 |author= |date=1 April 1990 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/978 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 6 years
|-
| [[Usha Ranjan Ghatak]]
| 1989–1993<ref name="IACS_8990"/>
| 4 years
|-
| Dipankar Chakravorty
| 1993–9 September 1999<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/981 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1992-93 |author= |date=1 April 1993 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/981 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="IACS_9900">{{cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10821/987|title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report for 1999-2000 |author= |date=1 April 2000 |publisher=IACS |hdl=10821/987 |access-date=16 April 2022}}</ref>
| 6 years
|-
| [[Debashis Mukherjee]]
| 10 September 1999 – 31 March 2009<ref name="IACS_9900"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|1999|9|10|2009|3|31}}
|-
| [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]]
| 1 April 2009 – 10 February 2013<ref name="IACS_0809">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_2008-2009.pdf |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2008-2009 |author= |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703075406/http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_2008-2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="IACS_1213">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2012-2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621010053/http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2012-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 June 2017 |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2012-2013 |author= |date=1 April 2013 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022 }}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2009|4|1|2013|2|10}}
|-
| ''Subhas Chandra Roy (acting)''
| ''10 February–11 September 2013''<ref name="IACS_1213"/><ref name="IACS_1314">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2013-2014.pdf |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2013-2014 |author= |date=1 April 2014 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703082908/http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_Annual_Report_Eng_2013-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|2|10|2013|9|11}}
|-
| ''[[Deb Shankar Ray]] (acting)''
| ''11 September 2013 – 21 April 2015''<ref name="IACS_1314"/><ref name="IACS_1415">{{cite web |url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_English-2014-15.pdf |title=Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science: Annual Report 2014-2015 |author= |date=1 April 2015 |publisher=IACS |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417133300/http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/IACS_ANNUAL_REPORT_English-2014-15.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2013|9|11|2015|4|21}}
|-
| [[Santanu Bhattacharya]]
| 22 April 2015 – 23 April 2021<ref name="IACS_1415"/>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2015|4|22|2021|4|23}}
|-
| ''Tapas Chakraborty (acting, additional charge)''
| ''24 April 2021–6 April 2023''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Director|url=http://iacs.res.in/directors.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=iacs.res.in|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606072058/http://iacs.res.in/directors.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| {{Age in years, months and days|2021|4|23|2023|4|6}}
|-
|[[Ranjan Sen]]
|6 April 2023 – 15 April 2024
|1 year and 9 days
|-
|''Arindam Banerjee (acting, additional charge)''
|15 April 2024 – 19 March 2025
|11 months and 4 days
|-
|[[Kalobaran Maiti]]
|19 March 2025 – Present
|{{Age in years months and days|2025|March|19}}
|}

== Notable alumni and associates ==

Source:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Annual Report, 2019-'20|year=2020|url=http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Annual%20report%20Eng-2019-20(1).pdf|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=3 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003105341/http://iacs.res.in/waterways/admin/ckeditor/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Annual%20report%20Eng-2019-20(1).pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Nobel Laureate ===

* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]], FRS, Former Faculty of IACS<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/nobel-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022221800/http://iacs.res.in/nobel-prize.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Bharat Ratna (Highest Civil Honor in India) ===

* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]], FRS, Former Faculty of IACS
* [[C. N. R. Rao|Prof. C.N.R. Rao]], FRS, Former Chairman of Review Committee of IACS

=== Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS), London ===

* [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|Sir J. C. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
* [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Mahendranath Roy|Babu Mahendranath Roy]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], one of the earliest faculty members of IACS
* [[Meghnad Saha|Prof. Meghnad Saha]], former faculty and Director of IACS
* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
* [[Satyendra Nath Bose|S. N. Bose]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Ashesh Prosad Mitra|A. P. Mitra]], former Chairman of the IACS Council
* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[Man Mohan Sharma|M. M. Sharma]], former Chairman of the IACS Governing Council and IACS Fellow
* [[T. V. Ramakrishnan|TV Ramakrishnan]] (IACS Fellow)
* [[Ajay K. Sood|Ajay Sood]] (IACS Fellow)

=== Padma Vibhushan (Civil Honor in India) ===

* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[Man Mohan Sharma|M. M. Sharma]], former Chairman of the IACS Governing Council and IACS Fellow

=== Padma Bhusan (Civil Honor in India) ===

* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
'''<big>Padma Shri (Civil Honor in India)</big>'''

* [[Vinod K. Singh]], Chairman of Governing Council, IACS

=== TWAS Prize ===

Source:<ref>{{Cite web|title=TWAS Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/twas-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-14|website=iacs.res.in|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022221759/http://iacs.res.in/twas-prize.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[Animesh Chakravorty]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Santanu Bhattacharya]], former Director of IACS
*D. D. Sharma, former faculty member, IACS

=== Alexander von Humboldt Research Award ===

* [[Debashis Mukherjee|D. Mukherjee]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS

=== Fellow of the World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) ===

* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[Debashis Mukherjee|D. Mukherjee]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Santanu Bhattacharya]], former Director of IACS
* [[Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta|T. Saha-Dasgupta]], former Faculty of IACS

=== Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize ===

* [[K. S. Krishnan]], alumnus, former faculty of IACS
* [[Sadhan Basu|S. Basu]], received in 1965, former faculty of IACS
* [[C. N. R. Rao]], former Chairman of the Review Committee of IACS and IACS Fellow
* [[Usha Ranjan Ghatak|U. R. Ghatak]], former Director and faculty of IACS
* [[Animesh Chakravorty]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Mihir Chowdhury]], former faculty of IACS
* [[Debashis Mukherjee|D. Mukherjee]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]], former student, faculty and Director of IACS
* [[Akhil Ranjan Chakravarty|Akhil R. Chakravarty]], former Student of IACS
* [[Deb Shankar Ray|D. S. Ray]], former student and faculty of IACS
* [[Sourav Pal]], former student of IACS
* [[Santanu Bhattacharya]], former Director of IACS
* [[Samaresh Bhattacharya]], former Student of IACS
* [[Krishnendu Sengupta]], present faculty member, IACS
* [[Pradyut Ghosh]], present faculty member, IACS
* [[Partha Sarathi Mukherjee|P. S. Mukherjee]], former Student of IACS
* [[Jyotirmayee Dash]], present faculty member, IACS<ref>{{Cite web|title=SS Bhatnagar Prize|url=http://iacs.res.in/ss-bhatnagar-prize.html|access-date=2021-10-08|website=iacs.res.in|archive-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008160425/http://iacs.res.in/ss-bhatnagar-prize.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Notable research works ==
Nobel laureate [[C. V. Raman|Sir C. V. Raman]] conducted his work on the [[Raman scattering|Raman effect]] in this institute.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Venkata Raman - Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html|access-date=19 April 2014|work=nobelprize.org|archive-date=10 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010213424/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1930/raman-bio.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His work was first published in the ''[[Indian Journal of Physics]]'', which is published by IACS.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indian Journal of Physics|url=https://www.springer.com/physics/journal/12648|access-date=19 April 2014|work=springer.com|archive-date=24 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424115125/http://www.springer.com/physics/journal/12648|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the university, [[Debashis Mukherjee]] developed the Mk-MRCC method to account for electron correlations in molecular systems.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mukherjee |first=Debashis |last2=Datta |first2=Barnali |last3=Sinha Mahapatra |first3=Uttam |date=1 April 1999 |title=A size-consistent state-specific multireference coupled cluster theory: Formal developments and molecular applications |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/110/13/6171/476029/A-size-consistent-state-specific-multireference?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=[[The Journal of Chemical Physics]] |volume=110 |issue=13 |pages=6091-6584 |via=[[ American Institute of Physics]] |article-number=6171–6188 (1999)}}</ref> Another important discovery has been in the area of solvation dynamics of molecules and in particular the dynamics of water molecules around the surfaces of membranes. These experiments performed by Professor [[Kankan Bhattacharyya]] provided an insight into the behavior of water near biological surfaces and led to his coining of the phrase "biological water".{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Scientists at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata found a new way to target cancer cells, focusing on how they repair DNA during division. This could lead to better treatments, especially for patients resistant to current drugs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Das |first=Benu Brata |last2=Paul Chowdhuri |first2=Srijita |date=16 July 2024 |title=TDP1 phosphorylation by CDK1 in mitosis promotes MUS81-dependent repair of trapped Top1-DNA covalent complexes |url=https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.1038/s44318-024-00169-3 |journal=[[EMBO Press]] |volume=43 |issue=17 |pages=3710 - 3732 |via=[[The EMBO Journal]] |article-number=(2024)43: 3710 - 3732}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
*[[Ray–Dutt twist]]
*[[Raman Effect]]
{{commons category|Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science}}
{{Universities in West Bengal}}
{{Department of Science and Technology (India)}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Nanotechnology institutions]]
[[Category:Deemed universities in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1876]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1876]]

INS Kamorta (P28)

2026-02-19T17:13:40Z

ChaseBruns:

{{short description|Indian navy anti-submarine corvette}}
{{other ships|INS Kamorta}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image = INS Kamorta (P28) corvette at sea.jpg
| image_caption = ''Kamorta'' (P28) at sea
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| hide_header =
| flag = {{navy|India}}
| name = ''Kamorta''
| namesake = [[Kamorta Island]]
| owner =
| operator = [[Indian Navy]]
| registry =
| route =
| ordered =
| awarded =
| builder = [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers]]
| original_cost = {{INRConvert|2800|c|0}}
| yard_number =
| way_number =
| laid_down = 20 November 2006
| launched = 19 April 2010
| sponsor =
| christened =
| completed =
| acquired = 12 July 2014
| commissioned = 23 August 2014 <ref>{{cite news|author=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-to-commission-two-ships-next-month/articleshow/38232147.cms |title=Navy to commission two ships next month|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=12 July 2011 |access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref>
| recommissioned =
| decommissioned =
| maiden_voyage =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| reclassified =
| refit =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| homeport =
| identification = [[Pennant number]]: P28 <ref name="inpr"/>
| motto =
| nickname =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate =
| status = Active
| notes =
| badge = [[File:Crest of INS Kamorta (P28).jpg|150px|INS ''Kamorta'' crest]]
| honours =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| class = [[Kamorta-class corvette|''Kamorta''-class]] [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] [[corvette]]
| tonnage =
| displacement = 3,500 tonnes.<ref name="inpr">{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/rm-commission-ins-kamorta |title=Raksha Mantri to commission 'INS Kamorta'|date=20 August 2014 |work=[[Indian Navy]]}}</ref>
| length = 109.1 m
| beam = 13.7 m
| height =
| draught =
| draft =
| depth =
| hold_depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| ramps =
| ice_class =
| power =
| propulsion = *4 × Pielstick 12 PA6 STC Diesel engines
*[[CODAD]], [[DCNS (company)|DCNS]] raft mounted gearbox
| sail_plan =
| speed = {{convert|32|kn}}
| range =
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| boats =
| capacity =
| troops =
| complement = 123 (17 officers)<ref>{{cite book|title=Aero India|url=https://aeroindia.gov.in/assets/pdf/Export%20Book%20_Final.pdf|at=pp.42}}</ref>
| crew =
| time_to_activate =
| sensors = *[[Central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)|Revati Central Acquisition Radar]]
*EL/M-2221 STGR fire-control radar
*[[Bharat Electronics Limited|BEL]] Shikari
*[[Bharat Electronics Limited|BEL]] RAWL02 (Signaal LW08) antenna communication grid – Gigabit Ethernet-based integrated ship borne data network, with a fiber optic cable backbone running through the vessel
*[[Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory|NPOL]] HUMSA (Hull Mounted Sonar Array)
*Bomber Electronic warfare (EW) suites – BEL Ajanta
| EW = *Sanket electronic warfare system
* [[Kavach (anti-missile system)|Kavach]] decoy launcher
* CMS-28 combat management system<ref name="jni-22jul14">{{cite news|last1=Rahmat|first1=Ridzwan|last2=Hardy|first2=James|title=Indian Navy takes delivery of first anti-submarine corvette|url=http://www.janes.com/article/41112/indian-navy-takes-delivery-of-first-anti-submarine-corvette|work=IHS Jane's Navy International|date=22 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902020104/http://www.janes.com/article/41112/indian-navy-takes-delivery-of-first-anti-submarine-corvette|archive-date=2 September 2014}}</ref>
| armament = *'''Anti-air weaponry:'''
**1 X [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] Super Rapid Gun Mount (SRGM)
**2 x [[AK-630M]] [[CIWS]]
*To be outfitted with [[VL-SRSAM]]
*'''Anti-submarine warfare:'''
**2 X [[RBU-6000]] (IRL) anti-submarine rocket launcher
**2x4 Torpedo tubes<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Navy commissions fourth and final Kamorta-class corvette|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-navy-commissions-fourth-and-final-kamorta-class-corvette|access-date=2021-07-07|website=Janes.com|language=en}}</ref>
| armour =
| armor =
| aircraft = 1 [[Westland Sea King]] Mk.42B
| aircraft_facilities = Rail-less helo traversing system and foldable hangar door<ref name="toi-16oct17">{{cite news|last1=Gupta|first1=Jayanta|title=INS Kiltan commissioned to Navy by defence minister Nirmala Sitharaman|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-kiltan-commissioned-to-navy-by-defence-minister-nirmala-sitharaman/articleshow/61103387.cms|work=The Times of India|date=16 October 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221213511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ins-kiltan-commissioned-to-navy-by-defence-minister-nirmala-sitharaman/articleshow/61103387.cms|archive-date=21 February 2018}}</ref>
| notes =
}}
}}

'''INS ''Kamorta''''' is the first of four [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[Kamorta-class corvette|''Kamorta''-class]] [[Stealth ship|stealth]] [[corvette]]s which has been built for the [[Indian Navy]].

She was designed and manufactured by [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers]] (GRSE),<ref name="hindu">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2096916.ece|title=Delivery of INS Kamorta next June|work=The Hindu|access-date=29 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="EconomicTimesKamorta20140711">{{cite news | title=Navy to get first indigenous anti-submarine warship, INS Kamorta tomorrow | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/navy-to-get-first-indigenous-anti-submarine-warship-ins-kamorta-tomorrow/articleshow/38219174.cms | newspaper=Economic Times | date=11 July 2014 | access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref> launched on 19 April 2010, as part of [[Kamorta-class corvette|Project 28]], approved in 2003. The ship was named after [[Kamorta Island|Kamorta]] island in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar]], [[India]] .

==Design and description==
'''Kamorta''' was originally expected to be built using high-tensile imported steel. But as the [[INS Shivalik|INS ''Shivalik'']], was built, high-grade steel produced in India was utilized for its construction. It was built using high-grade steel (DMR249A) developed by the [[Public sector undertakings|state-owned]] [[Steel Authority of India Ltd.|Steel Authority of India]] from its [[Bhilai Steel Plant]].<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712" /> She has enhanced [[Stealth ship|stealth]] features such as an [[Convex Hull|X Form Hull]] and inclined sides for low [[radar cross-section]], [[Infrared signature|infrared suppression]], and [[acoustic quieting]] systems.<ref name="idpsentinel">{{cite web|title=Project 28 / Kamorta Class Corvette|url=http://idp.justthe80.com/naval-projects/corvettes/project-28-kamorta-class-corvette|publisher=IDP Sentinel|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=7 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507050018/http://idp.justthe80.com/naval-projects/corvettes/project-28-kamorta-class-corvette|url-status=dead}}</ref> She is the first Indian Navy ship to be built with carbon fiber reinforced plastic which reduces weight and life cycle maintenance costs.<ref name=idpsentinel/> The hull of the ship encompassed the bulk of sensors and weapon systems that were also indigenously manufactured by various Indian industries.

It is the first indigenous [[Anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[corvette]] as well as the first indigenous stealth corvette built by India.<ref name="indiastrategic">{{cite web |title=India launches first indigenous ASW corvette |url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories572.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817021829/http://indiastrategic.in/topstories572.htm |archive-date=17 August 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=India Strategic}}</ref> About 90% of the ship is indigenous and the ship is capable of fighting in [[CBRN defense|NBC]] conditions.<ref name="idpsentinel" /> It is equipped with a ''rail-less helo traversing system'' which is used for handling a helicopter. It also features a foldable hangar door.<ref name="idpsentinel" />

===General characteristics and propulsion===
''Kamorta'' will have a length of {{convert|109|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|overall]] and a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|13.7|m|abbr=on}}. The ships displace about {{convert|3,500|t|ST}} at full load. It is powered by four {{convert|5,096|hp|abbr=on}} [[diesel engine]]s at 1,050 rpm<ref name=indiastrategic/><ref name=idpsentinel/>

It uses four Pielstick 12 PA6 STC diesel engines in [[CODAD]] configuration and is propelled two two-shaft, controllable-pitch propellers which allow the ship to reach a top speed of {{convert|32|kn|abbr=on}}. It will have a complement of about 180 sailors and 15 officers excluding flight crew for the integral ASW helicopter and an endurance of {{convert|4,000|nmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=globalsecurity>{{cite web|title=Project 28 ASW Corvette|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/p-28.htm|publisher=Global Security|access-date=17 June 2013}}</ref>

As in [[INS Shivalik|INS ''Shivalik'']], high-grade steel produced in India was utilized for its construction. She was delivered to Navy on 12 July 2014.<ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712">{{cite web | title=GRSE hands over first indigenous warship, INS Kamorta to Indian Navy | url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715141822/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-07-12/news/51392339_1_indian-navy-garden-reach-shipbuilders-blue-water-navy | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 July 2014 | publisher=Economic Times | date=12 July 2014 | access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> She is the first indigenous anti-submarine corvette as well as the first indigenous stealth corvette built by India.<ref name="EconomicTimesKamorta20140711"/><ref name="ETimesKamorta20140712" /><ref name=indiastrategic/> The then [[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defense]], [[Arun Jaitley]] commissioned the ship on 23 August 2014.

==== Armament ====
''Kamorta'' is equipped with a wide range of weapon systems. It is fitted with an [[OTO Melara 76 mm]] main gun, and uses two [[AK-630]] guns and provision for 16-cell VLS launched [[Barak 1]] missiles as [[close-in weapon system]], which will be added later. In addition, 2 [[RBU-6000]] anti-submarine rocket launchers and torpedo tubes capable of firing heavy weight torpedoes.<ref name=globalsecurity/><ref name="dnaKamorta20140823">{{cite web | title=INS Kamorta: All you need to know about India's indigenous warship | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ins-kamorta-all-you-need-to-know-about-india-s-indigenous-warship-2013021 | publisher=DNA | date=23 August 2014 | access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>

The sensors of this warship include the advanced bow mounted sonar and the indigenous 3D-CAR air-surveillance radar [[Central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)|Revathi]] with capability to detect targets exceeding {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dnaKamorta20140823"/> It is also the first warship to be equipped with the [[Kavach (anti-missile system)|Kavach]] decoy system for protection against anti-ship missiles.<ref name="EconomicTimesKamorta20140711"/><ref name=indiastrategic/> Like [[INS Kolkata (D63)|INS ''Kolkata'']], this warship is also commissioned without the critical medium-range [[Surface-to-air missile|surface-to-air missile (SAM)]] and advanced light towed array sonars (ALTAS), which is planned to be added later.<ref name="etDRDOFailure20140823">{{cite web | title=DRDO's failure to meet deadlines in delivering products | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-extremely-unhappy-with-drdos-failure-to-meet-deadlines-in-delivering-products/articleshow/40719955.cms | publisher= Economic Times | date=23 August 2014 | access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>

==Service history==
''Kamorta'' was ordered in 2003 and was launched on 21 April 2010.<ref name="indiastrategic" /> It was expected to join the fleet in October 2012<ref name="idpsentinel" /><ref name="navaltechnology1">{{cite web |date=14 June 2011 |title=Indian Navy to Receive First Anti-Submarine Corvette in 2012 |url=http://www.naval-technology.com/news/news121703.html |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=Naval Technology}}</ref> but was handed over to the Navy on 12 July 2014.

On 12 July, the front line warship was formally handed over by GRSE chairman and managing director [[Rear admiral (India)|Rear Admiral]] A. K. Verma (Retd.) to the Navy at a ceremony in GRSE's fitting-out jetty<ref name="EconomicTimesKamorta20140711" /> She was commissioned into the Navy on 23 August 2014, with [[Commander]] Manoj Jha as her first captain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 August 2014 |title=Jaitley to commission INS Kamorta tomorrow |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/jaitley-to-commission-ins-kamorta-tomorrow/article6339094.ece |newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=The Times of India |date=12 July 2014 |title=Navy to commission two ships next month |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Navy-to-commission-two-ships-next-month/articleshow/38232147.cms |access-date=13 July 2014 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=NetIndian News Network |date=23 August 2014 |title=India commissions first indigenously built stealth anti-submarine warfare ship |url=http://netindian.in/news/2014/08/23/00030235/india-commissions-first-indigenously-built-stealth-anti-submarine-warfare-s |access-date=23 August 2014 |website=www.netindian.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2014 |title=First Indigenously Built Stealth ASW Corvette 'INS Kamorta' Commissioned in Indian Navy |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2014/first-indigenously-built-stealth-asw-corvette-ins-kamorta-commissioned-in-indian-navy}}</ref>

A minor fire broke out on 1 February 2017 in the left engine room of the ship when it was operating at sea. The room was immediately evacuated, the fire was put out using the ship's fixed fire system, and there were no injuries during the incident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/minor-fire-in-naval-ship-kamorta-no-casualties/articleshow/56922699.cms|title=Minor fire in naval ship Kamorta, no casualties – The Economic Times|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-minor-fire-aboard-ins-kamorta-navy-2306559|title=Minor fire aboard INS Kamorta: Navy {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=1 February 2017|newspaper=dna|language=en-US|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

On 20 June 2024, ''Kamorta'' arrived at the [[Trincomalee Harbour|Port of Trincomalee]], situated in [[Trincomalee]], [[Sri Lanka]], as part of a formal visit. Following the completion of the official engagement, the vessel departed from the island on 23 June 2024. On her departure, ''Kamorta'' engaged in a naval exercise with [[SLNS Samudura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/06/23/202406231900/ |title=INS Kamorta departs island concluding formal visit |publisher=Sri Lanka Navy |last= |first= |date=23 June 2024 |accessdate=26 August 2024 |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826074603/https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2024/06/23/202406231900/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ship participated in [[Exercise Malabar]] 2024 which was held from 8 to 18 October.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-18 |title=CLOSING CEREMONY OF MALABAR 2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2066287 |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> She also participated at the [[International Fleet Review 2026]] held at [[Visakhapatnam|Visakapatanam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFR & MILAN 2026 |url=https://www.ifrmilan26.com/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=IFR & MILAN 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

==Gallery==

{{Gallery
|title=INS Kamorta images at sea
|width=160 | height=170
|align=center
|File:INS Kamorta (P28) participating in the International Fleet Review 2022.jpg
|Kamorta (P28) participating in the International Fleet Review 2022
| File:INS Kamorta during trials at sea.jpg
| INS ''Kamorta'' during sea trials
|File:Yoga onboard INS Kamorta (01).jpg
|Yoga onboard INS Kamorta during [[International Yoga Day]]
|File:INS Satpura and INS Kamorta IMDEX 2015.jpg
|[[INS Satpura]] and INS Kamorta IMDEX 2015
|File:INS Kamorta entering Singapore Port.jpg
|INS Kamorta entering [[Singapore]] Port.
|File:INS Kamorta visits Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (1).jpg
|INS Kamorta visits Kota Kinabalu, [[Malaysia]]
|File:Project 28 Kamorta class corvette CGI.png
|Indian Navy's computer generated design of the Project 28 Kamorta class corvette
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|INS Kamorta (P28)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}

{{Kamorta-class corvette}}

{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamorta}}
[[Category:Corvettes of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Kamorta-class corvettes]]
[[Category:2010 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Kirti M. Doongursee College

2026-02-12T13:15:33Z

ChaseBruns: details

{{Short description|Undergraduate college in Mumbai, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kirti M. Doongursee College
| image_name =
| image_size = 150px
| native_name =
| established = {{Start date and age|1954}} (as 'Bombay College')
| founder = [[Dhondo Keshav Karve|Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve]]
| principal = Dr. Anil Markandeya
| academic_affiliation = [[University of Mumbai]]
| students = 5000+
| address = Kashinath Dhuru Marg, [[Prabhadevi]], [[Dadar|Dadar (West)]], Mumbai, India
| website = {{URL|https://kirticollege.edu.in/}}
}}

'''Kirti M. Doongursee College''' (also known as '''Kirti M. Doongursee College of Arts, Science and Commerce''' and '''Kirti College'''), is located in [[Dadar|Dadar (West)]], Mumbai-400028 Maharashtra, India.<ref name="KMDC">{{Cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2015/ranks.jsp?Y=2014&ST=Science&LMT=38l|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005105827/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/bestcolleges/2015/ranks.jsp?Y=2014&ST=Science&LMT=38l|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 October 2016|title=Kirti M.Doongursee College|access-date=26 July 2015|work=India Today}}</ref>

==History==
The college was founded by the [[Deccan Education Society]] as Bombay College. The foundation stone was laid by [[Dhondo Keshav Karve|Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve]] and the college started operating in 1954.

In 1960, Bombay College was renamed ''Kirti M. Doongursee College'' in a ceremony in the presence of Dr. [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]], the first [[Vice President of India]].<ref name="KMDC"/>

It is affiliated to the [[University of Mumbai]] and offers an extensive range of courses. One of its most well-known alumni is [[Sachin Tendulkar]], whose father [[Ramesh Tendulkar]] used to teach at the college.<ref name="KMDC"/>

==Notable alumni==
{{div col}}
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
* [[Pravin Amre]]
* [[Anjali Bhagwat]]
* [[Amol Muzumdar]]
* [[Boman Irani]]
* Nilesh Pingle
* [[Sudhir Joshi]]
* Srinivas Narasimha Prabhu
* [[Manya Surve]]
* [[Harshada Khanvilkar]]
* [[Rajesh Mapuskar]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Organizations established in 1954]]
[[Category:Colleges in India]]

50th Filmfare Awards South

2026-02-09T14:39:09Z

ChaseBruns:

{{short description|Award ceremony for South Indian films}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox film awards
|number=50
|award=Filmfare Awards South
|award_link=Filmfare Awards South
|image=
|caption=
|date= 24 May 2003
|site= [[Gachibowli Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
|host=
|preshow=
|producer=
|network=
|director=
|best_picture=
|most_wins= ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'' (Tamil), 3 ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'' (Tamil), 3 ''[[Khadgam]]'' (Telugu), 3 ''[[Meesa Madhavan]]'' (Malayalam), 3
|most_nominations=
|last = [[49th Filmfare Awards South|49th]]
|next = [[51st Filmfare Awards South|51st]]
}}

The '''50th Filmfare Awards South''' ceremony honouring the winners and nominees of the best of [[South Indian film industry|South Indian cinema]] in films released in 2002, was held at the [[Gachibowli Indoor Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]], 24 May 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |title=The Winner: 50th Manikchand Filmfare Awards 2002 - Filmfare - Indiatimes |access-date=2004-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040828123037/http://filmfaremagazine.indiatimes.com/articleshow.cms?msid=46891&right=1&fright=1&botlink=1 |archive-date=28 August 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Main awards==
Winners are listed first, highlighted in '''boldface'''.

===[[Kannada cinema]]===
{| class="wikitable" width =100%|
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Dweepa]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Girish Kasaravalli]] – ''[[Dweepa]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada|Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Sudeep]] – ''[[Nandhi (2002 film)|Nandhi]]'''''
|
* '''[[Soundarya]] – ''[[Dweepa]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada|Best Music Director]]
|-
|
* '''[[Gurukiran]] – ''[[Dhumm]]'''''
|-
|}

===[[Malayalam cinema]]===
{| class="wikitable" width =100%|
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Lal Jose]] – ''[[Meesa Madhavan]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam|Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] – ''[[Meesa Madhavan]]'''''
|
* '''[[Navya Nair]] – ''[[Nandanam (film)|Nandanam]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam|Best Music Director]]
|-
|
* '''[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] – ''[[Meesa Madhavan]]'''''
|-
|}

===[[Tamil cinema]]===
{| class="wikitable" width =100%|
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Azhagi (2002 film)|Azhagi]]'''''
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Mani Ratnam]] – ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil|Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Ajith Kumar]] – ''[[Villain (2002 film)|Villain]]'''''
** [[R. Madhavan]] - ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]''
|
* '''[[Simran (actress)|Simran]] – ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Jayaram]] - ''[[Panchathantiram]]'''''
|
* '''[[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] - ''[[Unnai Ninaithu]]'''''
|-
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Tamil|Best Comedian]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Villain – Tamil|Best Villain]]
|-
|
* '''[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] - ''[[Run (2002 film)|Run]]'''''
|
* '''[[Kalabhavan Mani]]- ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'''''
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil|Best Music Director]]
|-
|
* '''[[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] – ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]'''''
|-
|}

===[[Telugu cinema]]===
{| class="wikitable" width =100%|
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|-
| valign="top" |
* '''''[[Santosham (2002 film)|Santhosham]]'''''
**[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]
**[[Manmadhudu]]
**[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]
| valign="top" |
* '''[[Krishna Vamsi]] – ''[[Khadgam]]'''''
**[[V. V. Vinayak]] - [[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]
**[[Teja (film director)|Teja]] - [[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]
**[[Puri Jagannadh]] - [[Idiot (2002 film)|Idiot]]
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Chiranjeevi]] – ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'''''
**[[Jr. NTR]] - [[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]
**[[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] - [[Santosham (2002 film)|Santhosham]]
**[[Uday Kiran]] - [[Nee Sneham]]
|
* '''[[Sadha]] – ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]'''''
**[[Kaveri (actress)|Kalyani]] - [[Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!|Avunu Valliddaru Ishtapaddaru]]
**[[Shriya Saran]] - [[Santosham (2002 film)|Santhosham]]
**[[Aarthi Agarwal]] - [[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu]]
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu|Best Supporting Actor]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu|Best Supporting Actress]]
|-
|
* '''[[Prakash Raj]] - ''[[Nuvve Nuvve]]'''''
**[[Prakash Raj]] - [[Khadgam]]
**[[Ravi Teja]] - [[Khadgam]]
**[[Nandamuri Harikrishna|Harikrishna]] - ''Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo''
|
* '''[[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeeta]] - ''[[Khadgam]]''''''
**[[Bhanupriya]] - ''Lahiri Lahiri Lahirilo''
**[[Gracy Singh]] - [[Santosham (2002 film)|Santhosham]]
**''Anshu'' - [[Manmadhudu]]
|-
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Telugu|Best Comedian]]
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Villain – Telugu|Best Villain]]
|-
|
* '''[[Brahmanandam]] - ''[[Manmadhudu]]'''''
**[[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao]] - [[Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!|Avunu Valliddaru Ishtapaddaru]]
**[[Suman Setty]] - [[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]
**[[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]] - [[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu]]
|
* '''Shafi - ''[[Khadgam]]'''''
**[[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]] - [[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]
**[[Rajan P. Dev]] - [[Aadi (2002 film)|Aadi]]
**[[Mukesh Rishi]] - [[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]
|-
! ! style="background:#eedd82; text-align:center;"| [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]]
|-
|
* '''[[R. P. Patnaik]] – ''[[Santosham (2002 film)|Santhosham]]'''''
**[[R. P. Patnaik]] – [[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]
**[[Mani Sharma]] - [[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]
**[[Chakri (music director)|Chakri]] - [[Avunu Valliddaru Ista Paddaru!|Avunu Valliddaru Ishtapaddaru]]
**[[Harris Jayaraj]] - [[Vasu (film)|Vasu]]
|-
|}

==Technical Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South|Best Choreography]]
* '''[[Raghava Lawrence|Lawrence]] – from ''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]'''''
![[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South|Best Cinematography]]
* '''[[Ravi K. Chandran]] – ''[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]'''''
|}

==Special awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South|Lifetime Achievement]]
* [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]
! [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut - South]]
* [[Nithiin]] - ''[[Jayam (2002 film)|Jayam]]''
! [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer]]
* [[Anuradha Sriram]] - ''[[Gemini (2002 Tamil film)|Gemini]]''
|}

==Awards Presentation==

* [[Nithiin]] (Best Debut Award) Received Award from [[Namitha]]
* [[Shafi (actor)|Shafi]] (Best Villain Award) Received Award from [[Ravi Teja]]
* [[Kalabhavan Mani]] (Best Villain Award) Received Award from [[Suriya]]
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] (Best Comedian Award) Received Award from [[Kiran Rathod]]
* [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeeta]] (Best Supporting Actress Award) Received Award from [[Jayanth C. Paranjee]]
* [[Sneha (actress)|Sneha]] (Best Supporting Actress Award) Received Award from [[Aniruddha Jatkar]]
* [[Soundarya]] (Best Film Kannada) Received Award from [[D. Ramanaidu]]
* [[D Udhaya Kumar]](Best Film Tamil) Received Award from [[Prabhu Deva]]
* [[Girish Kasaravalli]] (Best Director Kannada) Received Award from [[Uday Kiran]]
* [[Krishna Vamsi]] (Best Director Telugu) Received Award from [[Sunil Shetty]]
* [[Gurukiran]] (Best Music Director Kannada) Received Award from [[Sachiin J. Joshi]]
* [[Bharadwaj (composer)|Bharadwaj]] (Best Music Director Tamil) Received Award from [[Nagendra Babu]]
* [[Soundarya]] (Best Actress Kannada) Received Award from [[R. Sarathkumar]]
* [[Navya Nair]] (Best Actress Malayalam) Received Award from [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]]
* [[Sadha]] (Best Actress Telugu) Received Award from [[Venkatesh Daggubati]]
* [[Sudeep]] (Best Actor Kannada) Received Award from [[Nagma|Naghma]]
* [[Dileep (actor)|Dileep]] (Best Actor Malayalam) Received Award from [[Ramya Krishnan]]
* [[Chiranjeevi]] father (Best Actor Telugu) Receive [[Chiranjeevi]] Award from [[K. Raghavendra Rao]]
* [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] (Lifetime Achievement Award) Received Award from [[Jeetendra]] and [[Jaya Prada]]
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] (Lifetime Achievement Award) Received Award from [[Jeetendra]] and [[Jaya Prada]]

===General===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160901163533/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/photogallery/filmfareawards/filmfareawards23.html 50th Manikchand Filmfare Awards]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|awards.filmfare.com}}
* {{IMDb event|0001531|Filmfare Awards South}}

{{Filmfare Awards South|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Filmfare Awards South by year]]

Madipakkam, Tiruvannamalai

2026-02-08T11:00:04Z

ChaseBruns: Starting Basic Post Needs Work

{{primary sources|date=September 2025}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Madipakkam
| native_name = மடிப்பாக்கம்
| native_name_lang = ta
| other_name = Madumaanagar
| image_skyline = Sunrise over Madipakkam.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| image_caption = Sunrise view at Madipakkam village, with palm trees silhouetted against the morning sky.
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|12.6788|N|79.6080|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Tamil Nadu
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Thiruvannamalai
| subdivision_type3 = Taluk
| subdivision_name3 = Cheyyar
| subdivision_type4 = Vehicle Registration
| subdivision_name4 = TN-25
| government_type = Village Panchayat
| governing_body = Madipakkam Gram Panchayat
| area_land_km2 = 6.024
| area_land_acre = 1488.37
| elevation_min_m = 4
| elevation_max_m = 141
| population_total = 1262
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Gender
| demographics1_title1 = Male
| demographics1_info1 = 813
| demographics1_title2 = Female
| demographics1_info2 = 809
| pop_est_as_of = 2011-03-01
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code = 631701
| area_code = 91
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest City
| blank1_info_sec1 = Cheyyar
| blank_name_sec2 = Lok Sabha constituency
| blank_info_sec2 = Arani
| blank1_name_sec2 = Vidhan Sabha constituency
| blank1_info_sec2 = Cheyyar
}}

'''Madipakkam''' is a village located in the [[Tiruvannamalai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[South India|southern India]]. According to local tradition and historical references, the village was originally known as '''Madumaanagar'''. The name is derived from [[Tamil language|Tamil]], where "Madu" means barrier, "Maa" means great or large, and "Nagar" means town; together, it can be interpreted as "the great barrier town". One of the village's notable landmarks is the ancient Rudra Bhavanishwara Temple, situated on the banks of the large Madipakkam Lake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiruvannamalai District – Official website |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== History ==
Madipakkam has a long-standing historical and cultural significance. According to 2022 archaeological findings, two stone inscriptions discovered at the '''Rudra Bhavanishwara Temple''' indicate that the village has been continuously inhabited since at least the 10th century CE, during the reign of the [[Chola dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=10th century Chola period inscriptions discovered near Cheyyar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2022/may/14/10th-century-chola-period-inscriptions-discovered-near-cheyyar-2453311.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=10th century Chola-period inscription found in Shiva temple near Cheyyar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/10th-century-chola-period-inscription-found-in-shiva-temple-near-cheyyar/article65413627.ece |work=The Hindu |date=14 May 2022 |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Heritage Alerts – May 2022 |url=http://www.youngintach.org/heritage-alerts-may2022 |website=INTACH (Young INTACH) |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

The inscriptions were discovered during a field inspection carried out by the Tamil Nadu Cultural Heritage Research (TCHR) team. One of the stones is well-preserved, while the other is partially broken, with some portions remaining illegible.

The inscriptions record:

Stone 1:
"பார்த்தி வேந்திர வர்மனின் 3-வது ஆட்சியில் காலியூர் கோட்டையைச் சேர்ந்த காழியூர் நாட்டு மடிப்பாக்கத்து மகாதேவரான சிவனுக்கு இரண்டு வேளையும் பலி பூஜை செய்யப்படும்.பலி ஏற்பாடுகளை தென்வீதி விடங்கனான் வானவன் மாராயனேன் செய்தார்."

(In the 3rd year of Parthivendra Varman's reign, arrangements were made for conducting two daily Sri Bali Poojas to Mahadeva (Lord Shiva) of Madipakkam in the four corners of the temple, accompanied by music, under Kazhiyur Town. The arrangements for the Bali Pooja were made by Vaanavan Maarayenen of the South Street of Vidangan.)

Stone 2:
"கோயிலில் தொடர்ந்து வழிபாடு செய்ய நந்தவனம் ஏற்படுத்தப்பட்டு, அதனை பராமரிக்க நிலம் வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது மற்றும் தர்மத்தை காப்பவர்களின் பாதத்தை தன் தலைமேல் வைத்து போற்றுவதாகவும் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ளது"

(To ensure regular worship in the temple, a sacred flower garden (Nandhavana) was established, and land was allocated for its upkeep. The donor declared his devotion by revering the feet of those who uphold dharma, symbolically placing them on his head.)

[[File:Rudra Bhavanishvara Temple inscription (Stone 1), 10th CE.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Inscription 1; script: Vatteluttu with Grantha.]]
[[File:Rudra Bhavanishvara Temple inscription (Stone 2), 10th CE.jpg|thumb|left|200px|class=noviewer|inscription 2; script: Vatteluttu with Grantha.]]
The inscriptions are written using ancient Tamil scripts (from [[Tamil-Brahmi]] evolving into [[Vatteluttu|Vattezhuthu]] and [[Grantha script|Grantha-Tamil mixed script]]) commonly used during the [[Chola dynasty|Chola period]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil epigraphy scripts: Tamil-Brahmi, Vatteluttu and Grantha |url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/epigraphy |website=Tamil Nadu State Department of Archaeology |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

'''Sri Bali Pooja''' was an ancient form of ritual worship in Hindu temples, especially during the Chola period. The term "Bali" refers to symbolic offerings such as cooked rice, fruits, flowers, or turmeric-mixed rice. "Maaraayan" denotes an honorific title for experts in music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agamic temple rituals: Sribali (Bali) offerings |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/ |website=Hindu Religious & Charitable Endowments Dept., Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

These inscriptions suggest that Madipakkam, historically known as Madumaanagar, has been continuously inhabited for over a millennium and played a role in local cultural and religious practices.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological notes on Cheyyar region finds |url=https://www.intach.org/knowledge-centre |website=INTACH |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Madipakkam is a village in [[Cheyyar taluk]] of [[Tiruvannamalai district]], Tamil Nadu, and lies within the historic North [[Arcot, Tamil Nadu|Arcot]] region. It is located about 16 km from Cheyyar, the sub-district headquarters, and around 116 km from Tiruvannamalai, the district headquarters. According to the [[2011 census of India]], the total area of the village is approximately 602.4 hectares.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary Census Abstract, 2011 – Tamil Nadu › Tiruvannamalai › Cheyyar › Madipakkam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/ |website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

The terrain is predominantly agricultural, with [[farmlands]], ponds, and patches of natural vegetation. This landscape supports local biodiversity and sustains the agrarian economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiruvannamalai District – Agriculture & soils overview |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/departments/agriculture/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== Climate ==
Madipakkam experiences a tropical climate. Summers are generally hot and dry, while the monsoon season brings moderate rainfall between June and September. Winters are relatively mild. The climate supports agriculture as a primary occupation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate of Tiruvannamalai District |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiruvannamalai Weather – seasonal patterns |url=https://www.aqi.in/weather/in/india/tamil-nadu/tiruvannamalai |website=AQI.in |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Madipakkam (Cheyyar Taluk) – Climate data (proxy: Tiruvannamalai, 2023)
|Jan high C = 30 |Jan low C = 18 |Jan precipitation mm = 3.80
|Feb high C = 34 |Feb low C = 19 |Feb precipitation mm = 6.00
|Mar high C = 37 |Mar low C = 22 |Mar precipitation mm = 69.00
|Apr high C = 38 |Apr low C = 25 |Apr precipitation mm = 30.00
|May high C = 38 |May low C = 27 |May precipitation mm = 162.70
|Jun high C = 37 |Jun low C = 27 |Jun precipitation mm = 127.80
|Jul high C = 35 |Jul low C = 26 |Jul precipitation mm = 77.85
|Aug high C = 36 |Aug low C = 26 |Aug precipitation mm = 67.45
|Sep high C = 34 |Sep low C = 25 |Sep precipitation mm = 94.17
|Oct high C = 33 |Oct low C = 23 |Oct precipitation mm = 98.34
|Nov high C = 29 |Nov low C = 22 |Nov precipitation mm = 231.09
|Dec high C = 28 |Dec low C = 21 |Dec precipitation mm = 38.93
|source 1 = [https://www.weatherapi.com/history/may/q/tiruvannamalai-1135083 WeatherAPI – Tiruvannamalai “Averages year by year” (2023)]
}}

== Infrastructure and Environment ==
[[File:Madipakkam Lake Spillway Structure.jpg|thumb|The spillway of the Madipakkam big lake, which regulates excess water flow during heavy rainfall.]]
[[File:Central Pond of Madipakkam.jpg|thumb|The central pond of Madipakkam, featuring lotus growth, serves as a key source of potable water for the village.]]

Madipakkam is notable for its water bodies, which play an important role in the village's ecology and agriculture. The village contains one large lake and a medium-sized lake, along with several smaller ponds and numerous wells on agricultural lands. The large lake receives inflow from neighbouring villages and has a spillway-like outlet that releases water during heavy rainfall. On either side of the lake are two supply channels (''madhagu''), which are used for irrigation. The medium-sized lake provides water to the other parts of the village. Both lakes are also used by the municipality to supply drinking water to residents.

In the centre of the village there is a pond with a well and [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]] growth, which is a source of potable water and a local landmark. These water bodies also attract a variety of migratory and local bird species during the monsoon months. A canal flowing from the main lake connects to the [[Cheyyar River]].

Madipakkam has a government middle school (classes 1 to 8) that serves local students. The village also contains several temples, including the historic Rudhra Bhavanishwarar Temple, Pillaiyar Koil, Bajanai Koil, and Angalamman Koil, which are important to the cultural life of the community.

Wildlife occasionally sighted in and around the village includes small wild animals such as the [[wild boar]] (''kāṭṭu paṉṟi'' in Tamil). During the monsoon season, the village landscape becomes lush with greenery, creating a forest-like environment that supports seasonal biodiversity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rural water bodies & tanks – WRD overview (Cheyyar basin) |url=https://www.wrd.tn.gov.in/ |website=Water Resources Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As per the 2011 Census, Madipakkam village in Tamil Nadu had a total population of 1,262, with 625 males and 637 females, resulting in a sex ratio of 1,020 females for every 1,000 males. The village comprises 291 households.

Madipakkam has a diverse religious community with long-standing harmony of
Hinduism,Islam and Christianity
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"
|+ Literacy in Madipakkam
as per (2011 Census)
|-
! Category !! Population (%)
|-
| Male Literate || 46%
|-
| Female Literate || 39%
|-
| Illiterate || 15%
|}
The official language of the village is [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamil Nadu Official Language & demographics – State portal |url=https://www.tn.gov.in/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>
The Muslim population in the village commonly speaks both Tamil and [[Urdu language|Urdu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiruvannamalai District – Minority welfare & languages (district portal) |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== Economy and Industrialization ==
[[File:Open Grassland with Grazing Cow in Madipakkam.jpg|thumb|Cow grazing in the open grassland of Madipakkam.]]

Agriculture continues to play an important role in Madipakkam's economy. Major crops include [[Paddy field|paddy]], [[groundnut]]{{dn|date=September 2025}}, [[black gram]], [[sesame]], [[cowpea]], [[finger millet]], [[green gram]], and [[sugarcane]]. Vegetables such as [[chili pepper|chili]], [[brinjal]], [[okra]], tomato, [[ridge gourd]], [[bottle gourd]], and [[snake gourd]] are also cultivated. Livestock rearing and dairy activities provide supplementary income to farming households.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Horticulture – Tiruvannamalai District (crops overview) |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/horticulture/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

Over the past two decades, industrialization has significantly changed the employment landscape. Many local residents, including women and men, work in the SIPCOT Industrial Estate, Cheyyar, as well as in various companies along State Highway 116.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SIPCOT Industrial Park – Cheyyar (overview) |url=https://sipcot.tn.gov.in/ |website=SIPCOT, Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Mahindra inaugurates Mahindra SUV Proving Track (MSPT), Cheyyar |url=https://www.mahindra.com/news-room/press-release/en/mahindra-inaugurates-its-state-of-the-art-mahindra-suv-proving-track-mspt |publisher=Mahindra & Mahindra |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

Major industries in the area include:

*Voltech Manufacturing Company
*Velvin Rengo Containers Private Limited
*Ashley Alteams India Ltd
*Rockman Industries Limited
*Forech India (P) Limited
*M&B Engineering Ltd (Phenix Construction Technologies Unit)
*SCHWING’s Global Manufacturing Hub
*Mahindra SUV Proving Track (MSPT)

These industries provide direct and indirect employment opportunities for thousands of people. The growth of SIPCOT has helped reduce outward migration, as residents increasingly find work locally rather than seeking employment in Chennai or other cities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheyyar industrial corridor – employment & units (District industries centre) |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/departments/industry-and-commerce/ |website=Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== Transport ==
Madipakkam is well connected by road to nearby towns and villages. Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) and private bus operators, including Balaji Bus Service, Ukkal Town Bus, and Kanchipuram Town Bus, operate regular routes linking the village with Cheyyar, Arni, Kanchipuram, Vandavasi, and Tiruvannamalai. These buses are the primary mode of transport for residents and connect intermediate villages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TNSTC – route and schedules (Cheyyar region) |url=https://tnstc.in/ |website=Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

The village is connected to [[State Highway 116]] (Tamil Nadu)|State Highway 116]] (SH-116) and other arterial routes passing through Cheyyar, ensuring access to the district headquarters and nearby commercial centres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Highways – SH116 details |url=https://tnhighways.tn.gov.in/ |website=Highways Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

The nearest railway station is [[Kanchipuram railway station]], with Arni Road railway station serving the region at a distance of about 34 km on the Katpadi–Villupuram line. The nearest major railhead is [[Katpadi Junction]] (about 70 km), with connections to Chennai, Bengaluru, and other metropolitan centres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Railway – station info (Kanchipuram, Arni Road, Katpadi) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/ |website=Indian Railways |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>
The nearest airport is [[Chennai International Airport]], approximately 110 km from Madipakkam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chennai International Airport – access & distances |url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/chennai |website=Airports Authority of India |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

The nearest airport is [[Chennai International Airport]], approximately 110 km from Madipakkam.

{{Adjacent communities|North-west=Arcot|North=Arakkonam, Thiruttani|North-east=Kanchipuram, Chennai|West=Cheyyar, Arani|Centre=Madipakkam|East=Chengalpattu|South-west=Chetpet|South=Vandavasi, Tindivanam|South-east=Maduranthakam}}

== Landmarks and Surroundings ==
In the nearby town of Cheyyar, the [[Vedapureeswarar Temple, Cheyyar|Vedapureeswarar Temple]] is a notable Paadal Petra Sthalam, known for its Dravidian architecture and devotional legends, while the [[Patcheeswarar temple]] dates back to the Pallava period (7th century CE). The seasonal Cheyyar River provides irrigation support to the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paadal Petra Sthalams – list and details |url=https://shaivam.org/temples-of-lord-shiva/paadal-petra-sthalam-temples |website=Shaivam.org (compiled list) |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thirupachur Patcheeswarar Temple – heritage note |url=https://hrce.tn.gov.in/ |website=TN HR&CE Dept. |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheyyar River – basin information |url=https://www.wrd.tn.gov.in/ |website=WRD, Govt. of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

In the nearby town of Kanchipuram, located about 25 km from Madipakkam, visitors can explore famous temples such as the [[Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram|Kailasanathar Temple]] and [[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram|Varadaraja Perumal Temple]], which are renowned for their Dravidian architecture and historical significance. Kanchipuram is also known as the "City of a Thousand Temples" and serves as a major cultural and religious center in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanchipuram – Temple City Overview |url=https://tiruvannamalai.nic.in/tourism/ |website=Government of Tamil Nadu |access-date=16 August 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Cheyyar]]
* [[Tiruvannamalai district]]
* [[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Chola Dynasty]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Tiruvannamalai district]]
[[Category:Villages in Tamil Nadu]]

Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-02T09:05:54Z

ChaseBruns: New article!

{{short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Yavatmal-Washim.map}}
| map_caption = Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha Constituency map
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established = 2008
| assembly_cons = [[Washim Assembly constituency|Washim]] [[Karanja Assembly constituency|Karanja]] [[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon]] [[Yavatmal Assembly constituency|Yavatmal]] [[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras]] [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Sanjay Uttamrao Deshmukh Election 2021 jpg.jpg
| mp = [[Sanjay Deshmukh|Sanjay Uttamrao Deshmukh]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
| electors =19,40,916
| preceded_by = [[Bhavana Gawali]]
}}
'''Yavatmal–Washim''' Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (lower house of the Indian parliament) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]]. This constituency was created on 19 February 2008 as a part of the implementation of the [[President of India|Presidential]] notification based on the recommendations of the [[Delimitation Commission of India]] constituted on 12 July 2002.<ref name=delimit>{{cite web|url=https://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/Downloads/Notification%20_English.pdf|format=PDF|page=24|title=Delimitation Commission of India Notification|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra|access-date=8 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228022947/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/20/stories/2008022058631200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 February 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Delimitation notification comes into effect|date=20 February 2008}}</ref> It held its first election in 2009 which was won by [[Bhavana Pundlikrao Gawali|Bhavana Gawali]] of [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shiv Sena]].

==Vidhan Sabha segments==
Presently, Yavatmal–Washim Lok Sabha constituency comprises six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! #
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
! colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|34
|[[Washim Assembly constituency|Washim]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Washim district|Washim]]
|[[Shyam Ramcharan Khode]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|rowspan=5}}
|-
|35
|[[Karanja Assembly constituency|Karanja]]
|[[Sai Prakash Dahake]]
|-
|77
|[[Ralegaon Assembly constituency|Ralegaon]] (ST)
| rowspan="4" |[[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]]
|[[Ashok Uike]]
|-
|78
|[[Yavatmal Assembly constituency|Yavatmal]]
|[[Balasaheb Mangulkar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|79
|[[Digras Assembly constituency|Digras]]
|[[Sanjay Dulichand Rathod|Sanjay Rathod]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|81
|[[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad]]
|[[Indranil Naik]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| colspan=4 align=center|''Before 2008 : See [[Yavatmal Lok Sabha constituency|Yavatmal]], [[Washim Lok Sabha constituency|Washim]]''
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Bhavana Gawali|Bhavana Gawali Patil]]
| {{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Sanjay Deshmukh]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}" |
| [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]]
|}

==Election results==
===General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Yavatmal]]-[[Washim]]<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 Election results: Yavatmal–Washim">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha 2024 Election results: Yavatmal–Washim |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1314.htm |access-date=16 December 2024 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216141317/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S1314.htm |archive-date=16 December 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)|candidate=[[Sanjay Deshmukh]]|votes=5,94,807|percentage=48.53|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena (2022–present)|candidate=Rajshritai Hemant Patil (Mahalle)|votes=5,00,334|percentage=40.83|change={{decrease}}5.34}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party =Samnak Janta Party
|candidate = Anil Jayram Rathod
|votes =56,390
|percentage = 4.60
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=[[Harising Nasaru Rathod|Harising Rathod]]|votes=17,396|percentage=1.46|change={{increase}}0.64}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above (India)|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=9,391|percentage=0.77|change={{increase}}0.43}}
{{Election box majority||votes=94,473|percentage=7.71|change={{decrease}}2.40}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=12,25,530|percentage=63.14|change={{increase}}1.83}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
|loser = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== General Election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Yavatmal]]-[[Washim]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party=Shiv Sena
|candidate=[[Bhavana Gawali|Bhavana Gawali Patil]]
|votes= 5,42,098
|percentage=46.17
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=[[Manikrao Thakare]]
|votes= 4,24,159
|percentage=36.12
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party= Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate=Pravin Govind Pawar
|votes= 94,228
|percentage=8.02
|change=+8.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate=Arun Sakharam Kinwatkar
|votes=9,587
|percentage=0.82
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate=Ravi Sampatrao Jadhao
|votes=3,006
|percentage=0.26
|change=
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party=None of the above
|candidate=[[None of the Above]]
|votes=3,966
|percentage=0.34
|change=
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes= 1,18,749
|percentage=10.11
|change=
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes=11,74,824
|percentage=61.31
|change=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Yavatmal]]-[[Washim]] <ref name=turnout>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|archive-date=2 July 2014|title=Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm|access-date=2 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra - Yavatmal-Washim|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1314.htm?ac=14|access-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628133342/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1314.htm?ac=14|archive-date=28 June 2014|publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Bhavana Gawali|Bhavana Gawali Patil]]
|votes = 4,77,905
|percentage = 46.27
|change = +0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Shivajirao Moghe]]
|votes = 3,84,089
|percentage = 37.18
|change = -1.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rathod Baliram Parashram
|votes = 48,981
|percentage = 4.74
|change = -2.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
|candidate = Raju Patil Raje
|votes = 26,194
|percentage = 2.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Gaikawad Rajendra Vitthal
|votes =7,482
|percentage = 0.72
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Ulhas Vasramji Jadhao
|votes =7,166
|percentage = 0.69
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Naresh F. Rathod
|votes = 6,423
|percentage = 0.62
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Welfare Party of India
|candidate = Abrar Ahmad Mahmud Khan
|votes = 5,672
|percentage = 0.55
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Forward Bloc
|candidate = [[Jambuwantrao Dhote|Bhau Jambuwantrao Dhote]]
|votes = 4,708
|percentage = 0.46
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Mukti Party
|candidate = Rathod Induwar Kashiram
|votes = 4,627
|percentage = 0.45
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
|candidate =Sudhakar Namdeorao Gughane
|votes = 3,602
|percentage = 0.35
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate =Ahmad Parvez Iqbal Ahmad Nur Mohammad
|votes = 3,262
|percentage = 0.32
|change = +0.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Red Star
|candidate = Sawake Ramkrushna Pundlikrao
|votes = 2,193
|percentage = 0.21
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 5,583
|percentage = 0.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 93,816
|percentage = 9.09
|change = +2.31
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,33,402
|percentage = 58.87
|change = +4.77
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Yavatmal]]-[[Washim]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results |page=87|publisher=Election Commission of India|format=PDF|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf|archive-date=11 August 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Bhavana Gawali|Bhavana Gawali Patil]]
|votes = 3,84,443
|percentage = 45.76
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Harising Nasaru Rathod]]
|votes = 3,27,492
|percentage = 38.98
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Dilip Yedatkar
|votes = 62,781
|percentage = 7.47
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Prabuddha Republican Party
|candidate = Uttam Bhagaji Kamble
|votes = 8,192
|percentage = 0.98
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Maniyar Yunus Mahmood Zahmi
|votes = 7,412
|percentage = 0.88
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Purushottam Domaji Bhajgawre
|votes = 6,126
|percentage = 0.73
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
|candidate = Kureshi S. K. Mehbub S. K. Fattu
|votes = 4,506
|percentage = 0.54
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mohammad Khan Aziz Khan
|votes = 1,498
|percentage = 0.18
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
|candidate = Dhage Vitthal Mahadev
|votes = 1,151
|percentage = 0.14
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 56,951
|percentage = 6.78
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,40,064
|percentage = 54.10
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Yavatmal Lok Sabha constituency]] (1951 to 2004 elections for 1st to 14th Lok Sabha)
* [[Washim Lok Sabha constituency]] (1977 to 2004 elections for 6th to 14th Lok Sabha)
* [[Yavatmal district]]
* [[Washim district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/yavatmal_washim/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Yavatmal Washim lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.3|77.6|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yavatmal-Washim Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra created in 2008]]
[[Category:Yavatmal district]]
[[Category:Washim district]]

Kanimozhi

2026-02-01T21:39:30Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1968)}}
{{Indian name|Kanimozhi|Karunanidhi}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kanimozhi Karunanidhi
| image = Kanimozhi Karunanidhi 01.jpg
| caption = Kanimozhi in 2020
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| term_start = 18 June 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start1 = 25 July 2007
| term_end1 = 23 May 2019
| primeminister1 = {{ubl|[[Manmohan Singh]]|[[Narendra Modi]]}}
| predecessor1 = [[S. G. Indira]]
| successor1 = [[P. Wilson]]
| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
| office2 = Chairperson – Standing Committee on Rural Development and Panchayati Raj
| term_start2 = 13 September 2022
| term_end2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Prataprao Jadhav]]
| successor2 =
| office3 = Chairperson – District Development Coordination and Monitoring Committee
| term_start3 = 18 June 2019
| term_end3 =
| predecessor3 = [[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]
| office4 = Chairperson – [[Tuticorin Airport]] Advisory Committee
| term_start4 = 18 June 2019
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]
| office5 = Chairperson – Standing Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers
| term_start5 = 13 September 2019
| term_end5 = 12 September 2022
| predecessor5 = [[Anandrao Adsul]]
| successor5 = [[Shashi Tharoor]]
| office6 = President – The Hindu Office and National Press Employees’ Union
| term_start6 = 12 April 2017
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 = E. Gopal
| successor6 =
| office7 = Parliamentary Chairperson of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| term_start7 = 10 June 2024
| term_end7 =
| predecessor7 = [[T. R. Baalu]]
| office8 = Deputy Leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in Lok Sabha
| term_start8 = 18 June 2019
| term_end8 = 5 June 2024
| leader8 = [[T. R. Baalu]]
| successor8 = [[Dayanidhi Maran]]
| office9 = Deputy General Secretary of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| term_start9 = 9 October 2022
| term_end9 =
| president9 = [[M. K. Stalin]]
| 1blankname9 = General Secretary
| 1namedata9 = [[Duraimurugan]]
| predecessor9 = [[Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan]]
| successor9 =
| office10 = Women's Wing Secretary of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
| term_start10 = 9 January 2015
| term_end10 = 23 November 2022
| president10 = {{ubl|[[M. Karunanidhi]]|[[M. K. Stalin]]}}
| 1blankname10 = General Secretary
| 1namedata10 = {{ubl|[[K. Anbazhagan]]|[[Duraimurugan]]}}
| predecessor10 = ''Office Established''
| successor10 = [[J. Helen Davidson]]
| birth_name = Kanimozhi
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|01|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[Madras State]], [[India]] (present-day [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]])
| party = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Athiban Bose|1989|1997|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Big and Mighty Karuna family|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_the-big-and-mighty-karuna-family_1258972|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|access-date=1 February 2011|date=26 May 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Marriage|G. Aravindan|1997|}}
| relations = See [[Karunanidhi family]]
| children = Aditya Aravindan (Son)
| parents = Father: [[M. Karunanidhi]] Mother: Rajathi Ammal
| residence = * 46/1, Prashanthi Apartments, 2nd Cross Street, CIT Colony, [[Mylapore, Chennai]] – 600004, [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
* 102F/20M, 6th Street, Kurinji Nagar, Polpettai, [[Thoothukkudi]] – 628002, Tamil Nadu, India
| education = [[Master of Economics]]
| alma_mater = [[Ethiraj College for Women]]
| profession = {{hlist|Politician|Poet|Journalist}}
| signature = Kanimozhi Signature.svg
}}
'''Kanimozhi Karunanidhi''' (born 5 January 1968) is an Indian politician, poet and journalist. She is a [[Member of Parliament]], representing [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi constituency]] in the [[Lok Sabha]], the [[lower house]] of [[Parliament of India]]. She was also a former [[Member of Parliament|MP]] who represented [[Tamil Nadu]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (the [[upper house]] of [[Parliament of India|India's Parliament]]).<ref name="rajya">{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile: Smt. Kanimozhi|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2045|publisher=Govt. of India|access-date=20 December 2010|archive-date=30 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330231527/http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2045|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kanimozhi is the daughter of the former [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] [[M. Karunanidhi]] for his third wife Rajathi Ammal.

Kanimozhi belongs to the Indian political party [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), where she functions as the deputy general secretary. Her half-brothers [[M. K. Alagiri]] and [[M. K. Stalin]] are the former [[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers of the Republic of India]] and the [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] respectively.

==Early life==
Kanimozhi was born in [[Chennai]] to [[M. Karunanidhi]], the former [[Chief Minister]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], and Rajathi Ammal. She was a student of Presentation Convent, Church Park, in Chennai, and later completed her master's degree in economics from [[Ethiraj College for Women]], [[Chennai]].<ref name="sify" />

Before her entry into politics, Kanimozhi was involved in journalism, such as subeditor for ''[[The Hindu]]'', editor in charge of ''[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]]'' (a Tamil weekly magazine), and a features editor for a Singapore-based Tamil newspaper called ''[[Tamil Murasu]]''.<ref name="sify">{{cite web|title=Kanimozhi: A poetess politician in trouble|url=http://www.sify.com/news/kanimozhi-a-poetess-politician-in-trouble-news-national-kmpuurfgihj.html|work=[[Sify]].com|access-date=20 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219015935/http://www.sify.com/news/kanimozhi-a-poetess-politician-in-trouble-news-national-kmpuurfgihj.html|archive-date=19 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Social works==
===Interests===
Kanimozhi has been known to support pan-Tamil issues.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1083461 Kanimozhi the rising daughter in Tamil Nadu?]. Dnaindia.com (7 March 2007). Retrieved on 27 March 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-does-god-need-gunman-protect-hundiyal-kanimozhi-s-speech-rankles-hindu-group-74554 |title = 'Why does god need gunman to protect hundiyal?': Kanimozhi's speech rankles Hindu group|date = 11 January 2018}}</ref> She takes part in organising women empowerment programs<ref>{{cite news|title=Fight against injustice, Kanimozhi tells women |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/24/stories/2007032411200400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610000736/http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/24/stories/2007032411200400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 June 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 December 2010|location=Chennai, India|date=24 March 2007}}</ref> and is interested in the welfare of differently abled people and [[transgender]] people. In 2005, with Karthi Chidambaram, she founded a portal supporting free speech.<ref>[http://www.karuthu.com Karuthu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826153837/http://www.karuthu.com/ |date=26 August 2007 }}. Karuthu. Retrieved on 27 March 2012.</ref>

===Chennai Sangamam===
In 2007, Kanimozhi conceived the idea of the [[Chennai Sangamam]], an annual open [[Tamil language|Tamil]] cultural festival, usually held during the [[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]] season.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

===Job fairs===
She spearheads<ref>{{cite news|last=V. Mallady |first=Shastry |title=Private companies urged to participate in rural job fairs |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111160510400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525122408/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111160510400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2011|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 December 2010 |location=Chennai, India |date=11 November 2008}}</ref> DMK efforts to organise job fairs, under the banner 'Kalaignar 85' across rural Tamil Nadu to facilitate employment opportunities for young people in smaller cities, towns and villages.<ref name="sify" /> She plans to conduct similar fairs all over [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121060490700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525114029/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2008/12/10/stories/2008121060490700.htm|url-status=usurped|title=ADMK job fairs a big draw in rural areas|archive-date=25 May 2011|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

==Literary works==
* Sigarangalil Uraikiradhu Kaalam<ref>{{cite news|title=Dravidian ideals will remain the central theme: Kanimozhi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article20331.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=20 December 2010|location=Chennai, India|date=15 September 2009}}</ref>
* Agathinai
* Paarvaigal
* Karukkum Marudhaani
* Karuvarai Vaasanai

Her literary works were translated into English, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada.

===Silappathikaram===
Kanimozhi has worked on a production titled ''[[Silappatikaram|Silappadikaram]], A woman of Substance'' based on a Tamil [[Silappatikaram|epic of the same name]] with [[Bombay Jayashri]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525132436/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004033100740100.htm&date=2004%2F03%2F31%2F&prd=mp& Classic in a new idiom]}}. Hinduonnet.com (31 March 2004). Retrieved on 27 March 2012.</ref>

==Personal life==
Kanimozhi has been married twice; firstly in 1989 to Athiban Bose, a businessman from [[Sivakasi]] (since divorced), and then to G. Aravindan, a [[Singapore]]-based Tamil writer, in 1997. She has a son named Aditya Aravindan.<ref>{{Citation | title = A Wedding In The Family ..... | url = http://www.rediff.com/news/aug/28dmk.htm | journal = Rediff News | access-date = 9 December 2010}}</ref>

== Political career ==
===As a Rajya Sabha MP===
In May 2007, the DMK nominated Kanimozhi as one of the party's candidates for the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Kanimozhi-Tiruchi-N.-Siva-DMK-nominees-for-Rajya-Sabha-polls/article14769275.ece|title=Kanimozhi, Tiruchi N. Siva, DMK nominees for Rajya Sabha polls|work=The Hindu|access-date=15 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> She became a Rajya Sabha member for the second time in 2013. Kanimozhi was the chief whip of the DMK in the house and was the leader of DMK in the Upper house.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

===As a Lok Sabha MP===
She was elected from [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]] as the first female MP of that constituency for the [[17th Lok Sabha]], which was held in the year 2019, and was elected as the DMK's deputy leader of the Lok Sabha. As of September 2019 and September 2022, Kanimozhi works as the chairperson of the [[Standing committee (India)|Parliament Standing Committee]] on Chemicals and Fertilizers<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-mps-head-most-panels-outnumber-opposition-in-committees/articleshow/71142878.cms|title=BJP MPs head most panels, outnumber opposition in committees|date=16 September 2019 |website= Economic Times|access-date=4 December 2019|language=en}}</ref> and Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, respectively.

===As a trade union leader===
She is the president of The Hindu National Press employees union. She is the first woman to be elected to that post.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kanimozhi-is-the-hindu-staff-union-president/article17936630.ece |title = Kanimozhi is the Hindu staff union president|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 12 April 2017}}</ref>

===Women's Wing Secretary of the DMK===
She was the women's wing secretary of the DMK party and encourages women to enter politics. She has organised training camps for the district-level office-bearers of the women's wing. She also organised a rally in Delhi, demanding that the women's reservation bill be passed by the parliament.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/dmk-holds-rally-in-delhi-to-demand-early-passage-of-womens-bill/article9592649.ece |title = DMK holds rally in Delhi to demand early passage of Women's Bill| date=20 March 2017 }}</ref>

===Deputy General Secretary of the DMK===
On 9 October 2022, the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] and the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] president [[M. K. Stalin]], announced and appointed Kanimozhi as the deputy general secretary of the DMK party in the presence of the party's general secretary [[Duraimurugan]] at the general council meeting held in [[Chennai]].

Following the [[Operation SINDOOR|Operation Sindoor]], She led an all-party delegation to Russia, reiterated Prime Minister Narendra Modi's assertion that India would make no distinction between terrorists and their sponsors should the nation face further attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-24 |title=Will call spade a spade: In Russia, DMK's Kanimozhi warns Pakistan on terror |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dmk-mp-kanimozhi-all-party-delegation-russia-pakistan-terrorism-operation-sindoor-2729957-2025-05-24 |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===2G spectrum scam===
{{main|2G Spectrum case}}
As per the chargesheet filed by CBI, Kanimozhi has 20% stake in her family owned [[Kalaignar TV]], her step-mother Dayalu Ammal owns 60% stake in the same channel.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} CBI alleged that Kanimozhi was an "active brain" behind the channel's operations and she worked along with former telecom minister [[Andimuthu Raja|A. Raja]] to get DB Realty promoter [[Shahid Balwa]] to circuitously route 2 billion (US$36.2 million) to Kalaignar TV. According to CBI, Kanimozhi was in regular touch with A. Raja regarding launching of Kalaignar TV channel and its other pending works. A. Kanimozhi had spent 190 days in Tihar Jail in 2011 after the CBI named her an "active brain" behind the functioning and setting up of Kalaignar TV.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-dmks-kanimozhi-an-ed-chargesheet-could-mean-being-sent-to-jail-again/1090549/ | work=Indian Express | title=Report about Kanamozhi on 2G case}}</ref>
Raja was further pursuing the cause of Kalaignar TV not only for getting registration of the company from Ministry of Information and Broadcasting but also for getting it in the DTH operator TATA Sky's bouquet. She was also summoned by the Income Tax Department, Chennai for alleged tax evasion charges.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

On 3 July 2012, briefing the joint parliamentary committee probing the scam, ED claimed that it has enough evidence to convict DMK chief Karunanidhi's wife and daughter Kanimozhi.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

Kanimozhi has defended herself by arguing that she is only a 20% shareholder in the company, who has no involvement in the financial aspects or the liability of a director.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/I-am-not-involved-in-day-to-day-running-of-Kalaignar-TV-Kani/articleshow/8183180.cms | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103112443/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-07/india/29519916_1_kalaignar-tv-mere-shareholder-kanimozhi | url-status=live | archive-date=3 January 2013 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=I am not involved in day-to-day running of Kalaignar TV}}</ref>

During the course of the trial, Kanimozhi's name was cleared by at least one witness who deposed that she had no involvement in the day-to-day affairs of Kalaignar TV and that she was initially reluctant to join the management of the channel.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} It was also admitted in court that Kanimozhi resigned from Kalaignar board after only two weeks to become a Member of Parliament. In an extraordinary twist, on 21 December 2017 a special CBI court acquitted her along with 19 others accused including A. Raja in 2G spectrum allocation cases. The Court said that the prosecution had failed to prove any of its charge. Thus all accused were acquitted.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

== Positions in Parliament of the Republic of India ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Elections
! rowspan="2" |Position
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="3" |Term in office
|-
!Assumed office
!Left office
!Time in office
|-
|[[2007 Indian Rajya Sabha elections|2007]]
|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
|[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
|25 July 2007
|29 May 2019
|11 years, 308 days
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|[[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
|18 June 2019
|5 June 2024
|4 years, 353 days
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
|[[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
|25 June 2024
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2024|06|25}}
|}

== Electoral performance ==
Kanimozhi has been elected as [[Member of Parliament|M.P.]] of Lok Sabha from [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]] constituency. This was her first direct electoral performance.
She resigned her Rajya Sabha MP post on 29 May 2019 after being elected to [[17th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Amit Shah, Ravi Shankar Prasad, Kanimozhi resign as Rajya Sabha members after being elected to 17th Lok Sabha |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-amit-shah-ravi-shankar-prasad-kanimozhi-resign-as-rajya-sabha-members-after-being-elected-to-17th-lok-sabha-2754842 |access-date=29 May 2019 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Elections
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
! rowspan="2" |Party
! rowspan="2" |Result
! rowspan="2" |Vote %
! colspan="3" |Opposition
|-
!Candidate
!Party
!Vote %
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election]]
|[[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|{{Won}}
|56.77
|[[Tamilisai Soundararajan]]
|[[BJP]]
|21.77
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election]]
|[[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|{{Won}}
|55.26
|R. Sivasamy Velumani
|[[AIADMK]]
|15.12
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://loksabha.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4960 Official biographical sketch in Lok Sabha website]
* {{facebook|KanimozhiDMKpage}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj Natterjee]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Thoothukkudi Lok Sabha constituency|Thoothukkudi]]|years=18 June 2019}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{S-par|in-upr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[S. G. Indira]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]] from [[Tamil Nadu]]|years=25 July 2007 – 23 May 2019}}
{{s-aft|after=[[P. Wilson]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Deputy General Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|years=9 October 2022}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-bef|before=''Office established''}}
{{s-ttl|title=Women's Wing Secretary of the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|years=9 January 2015 – 23 November 2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[J. Helen Davidson]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{17th LS members from Tamil Nadu}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanimozhi}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Karunanidhi family]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Women writers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian women journalists]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil poets]]
[[Category:Tamil journalists]]
[[Category:The Hindu Group]]
[[Category:2G spectrum case]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:Ethiraj College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates in 2024 Indian general election]]

Jagdish Chandra Mahindra

2026-01-24T13:16:52Z

ChaseBruns: Refined content and updated sections

{{Short description|Indian industrialist (1892–1951)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = J. C. Mahindra
| image = JC Mahindra 1.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|1892|}}
| birth_place = [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present day [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1951|||1892|||df=yes}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Co-Founder of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]]
| children =
| networth =
| spouse =
}}
'''Jagdish Chandra Mahindra''' (1892–1951) was an Indian [[industrialist]] and co-founder of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] in 1945, with [[Kailash Chandra Mahindra]] and [[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Malik Ghulam Mohammed]].<ref>{{cite news |title=ET Awards 2008-09: Lifetime Achievement Award- Keshub Mahindra|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/features/et-awards-2008-09-lifetime-achievement-award--keshub-mahindra/articleshow/4930965.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=25 August 2009 }}</ref><ref name=he209>[[#He|Herdeck, p. 209]]</ref> He is the grandfather of [[Anand Mahindra]], the present chairman of Mahindra Group.

==Early life and education==
Born in [[Ludhiana]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], he was the eldest of nine children. The loss of his father at an early age placed the responsibility for the family on his shoulders. He believed strongly in the power of education and ensured that all his brothers and sisters studied hard. He sent his brother [[Kailash Chandra Mahindra]] to the [[University of Cambridge]].

Mahindra received his degree from [[Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute|Victoria Jubilee Technological Institute]] (VJTI) and [[University of Mumbai|University of Bombay]], one of India's premier engineering and technical institutes.

==Career==
Mahindra started out his career with [[Tata Steel]], and was the senior sales manager from 1929 to 1940. When the steel industry became critical during World War II, the Government of British India appointed him as the first steel controller of India.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}

==Mahindra & Mahindra==
{{main|Mahindra %26 Mahindra}}

J. C. Mahindra and K. C. Mahindra joined forces with Ghulam Mohammed and started Mahindra & Mohammed as a steel company in Bombay. Two years later, India gained its independence, Ghulam Mohammed left the company to become Pakistan’s first finance minister, and the Mahindra brothers started to manufacture Willys jeeps in Bombay. Soon, the company’s name was changed to Mahindra & Mahindra.

==Death==
Mahindra died of a heart attack in 1951.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

== References ==
<references />
* {{cite book |title=India's Industrialists, Vol. 1|author=Margaret Herdeck|author2=Gita Piramal |chapter=Mahindra|publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |year=1985|isbn=0894104152 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xcbBEHHI-90C&dq=JC+Mahindra&pg=PA209 |ref=He }}

==External links==
* [http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-we-got-here/J.C.-Mahindra J.C. Mahindra Biography at Official Website of Mahindra & Mahindra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704045822/http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-We-Got-Here |date=4 July 2015 }}
* [http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-We-Got-Here J.C. Mahindra and an independent India began their rise together] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704045822/http://www.mahindra.com/Who-We-Are/How-We-Got-Here |date=4 July 2015 }}
{{Mahindra Group}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahindra, Jagdish Chandra}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1951 deaths]]
[[Category:Mahindra family]]
[[Category:Indian billionaires]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Ludhiana]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Indian industrialists]]
[[Category:Indian founders of motor vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]

Madan Patel

2026-01-14T06:58:39Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Indian Film Director, Writer, Actor and Music Director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madan Patel
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_place =
| birth_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| yearsactive = 1983–present
| occupation = {{Hlist|film director|writer| actor |music director}}
| parents =
| spouse =
| relatives = [[Mayur Patel]] (son)
| other_names = Madan Mallu<ref name="Name"/>
}}
'''Madan Patel''' is an Indian politician film director, producer, writer, actor and music director who works in [[Kannada]]-language films and State General secretary for KPCC

==Career==
Madan Patel worked as an orchestra singer and managed an orchestra group.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/4246/kannada/nenade-nenapu/1307/review.htm|title=Nenade Nenapu Review|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=Nowrunning|date=2 September 2007|access-date=22 June 2024|first=R. G.|last=Vijayasarathy|author-link=R. G. Vijayasarathy}}</ref> He made his debut as a lead actor with ''[[Andhra Hendthi]]'' (2000) co-starring [[Ramya Krishna]]. Regarding his performance, a critic wrote that "Madan Mallu (although a newcomer) has done a decent and good job of playing the role of a hero. His dialogue delivery is neat and pronunciation good. But his make-up is not upto the mark and he needs to improve it in his future movies".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlinebangalore.com/movi/andhra/|title=Andhra Hendti...|work=Online Bangalore}}</ref> Madan Patel worked as a producer for the unreleased film ''Crazy Girls'' (2002), which was supposed to feature [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as a choreographer for one of the songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/vishwanath-launches-new-film/articleshow/12901321.cms|title=Crazy Girls|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 June 2002|first=G. S.|last=Kumar|access-date=21 September 2024}}</ref> He went on to star in [[Dayal Padmanabhan]]'s ''Ok Saar Ok'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/current_ok_saar_ok_eng.asp|title= OK Saar OK audio cassette released | work= Viggy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.viggy.com/english/wings_ok_saar_ok.asp|title=New Film this week - Ok Saar Ok of Madan Patel|website=www.viggy.com}}</ref> He directed and starred in ''[[Heegu Unte]]'' (2008), which got embroiled in controversy after he pointed a gun at a news photographer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/film-director-patches-up-with-photojournalist/articleshow/22369371.cms|title=Film director patches up with photojournalist|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=31 October 2008|access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/badmouth-a-film-face-a-gun/articleshow/22373854.cms|title=Badmouth a film, face a gun!|date=27 October 2008|work=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=24 June 2024}}</ref> He also directed ''Yarivaanu'', based on the life of [[Nithyananda]]. The film, which was initially titled ''Satyanandha'', also faced with controversy after Nithyananda filed a defamation suit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2010/Dec/22/patels-movie-on-nithyananda-213166.html|title=Patel's movie on Nithyananda|date=16 May 2012|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/nityananda-wanted-to-bribe-me-madan-patel/articleshow/11006148.cms|title=Nityananda wanted to bribe me: Madan Patel|date=7 December 2011|work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/satyananda-to-be-re-titled/articleshow/18345481.cms|title=Satyananda to be re-titled|date=10 January 2017|work= The Times of India}}</ref> A Telugu remake was also partially shot and a Hindi remake was considered before both were dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/yaarivanu-goes-to-bollywood/articleshow/18893092.cms|title=Yaarivanu goes to Bollywood?|date=10 March 2013|work= The Times of India}}</ref>

He was also active in politics and was the chief of the cultural cell of the [[Bharatiya Janatha Party]].<ref name="M">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/madan-and-mayur-patel-to-contest-elections/articleshow/19341894.cms|title=Madan and Mayur Patel to contest elections|date=2 April 2013|work= The Times of India}}</ref> He acted in a movie ''Thamate'' directed by his son Mayur Patel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kannada.timesnownews.com/entertainment/dcm-dk-shivakumar-release-madan-patel-thamate-film-video-reel-show-article-114092786/amp|title=ಮದನ್‌ ಪಟೇಲ್‌ ನಟನೆಯ ʼತಮಟೆʼ ಸಿನಿಮಾದ ವಿಡಿಯೊ ತುಣುಕು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡಿದ ಡಿ.ಕೆ.ಶಿವಕುಮಾರ್..!|date=9 October 2024|website=TimesNowKannada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=Deputy chief minister released Tamate movie video footage Deputy chief minister released Tamate movie video footage - Vijaya chronicle news |url=https://vijayachronicle.in/2024/10/09/deputy-chief-minister-released-tamate-movie-video-footage/ |access-date=2024-10-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> The film began production in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/mayur-patel-turns-director/articleshow/70733398.cms|title=Mayur Patel turns director|date=19 August 2019|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
His brother is composer Shivamayya, who worked with him in ''[[Police Officers (film)|Police Officers]]'' (2002).<ref name="R"/> His son [[Mayur Patel]] collaborated with him in several films.<ref name="M"/>

== Filmography==
''Source''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/madan-patel|title=Madan Patel: Kannada, Movies|website=chiloka.com}}</ref><ref name="Name">{{Cite web|url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/madan-mallu|title=Madan Mallu : Kannada, Movies|website=chiloka.com}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Work
! colspan="4" |Credited as
! rowspan="2" |Notes
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
!Director
!Writer
!Producer
!Music
|-
| 1983 || ''Dampathiyaru'' || || || || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 1993 || ''Lovers'' || || || || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 1994 || ''Indian'' || || {{partial|Lyrics}} || || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Police Officers (film)|Police Officers]]''|| || {{partial|Story}} || || || || <ref name="R">{{Cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/may/15brit.htm|title=Police Officer: Real to reel|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=15 May 2002|access-date=4 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Love Story (2005 film)|Love Story]]''|| || || {{yes}} || || ||
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Ninade Nenapu]]''|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || || || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Heegu Unte]]''|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''Yaarivanu''|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || ||
|-
|}

=== As an actor ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 1993 || ''Lovers''|| || ||
|-
| 1999 || ''Garuda''|| || ||
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Andhra Hendthi]]''|| || ||
|-
| 2001 || ''Mysore Huli''|| || ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Police Officers (film)|Police Officers]]''|| Naganna || ||
|-
| 2004 || ''Ok Saar Ok''|| || ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Heegu Unte]]''|| Annaiah || ||
|-
| 2013 || ''Yaarivanu''|| || ||
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Rajeeva]]''|| Chief Minister || guest appearance ||
|-
| 2024 || ''Thamate''|| || ||
|-
|}

==DReferences==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|12340031}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Madan}}
[[Category:Male actors in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kannada film directors]]
[[Category:Kannada film producers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male musicians]]
[[Category:Kannada-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

She (TV series)

2026-01-13T19:46:12Z

ChaseBruns: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian crime drama web television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox television
| image = She (TV series) poster.jpg
| caption = Promotional poster
| based_on =
| runtime =
| creator = [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]
| director = Arif Ali Avinash Das
| starring = [[Aaditi Pohankar]] [[Vijay Varma]] [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]
| writer = Imtiaz Ali Divya Johri
| theme_music_composer = Ishaan Chhabra
| composer = Gaurang Soni
| country = India
| language = Hindi and English
| location = [[India]]
| cinematography = [[Amit Roy]]
| editor = Manish Jaitly
| network = [[Netflix]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2020|03|20|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|06|17|df=y}}
| company = Window Seat Films Inferno Pictures [[Viacom18 Studios]] Tipping Point
| executive_producer =
| producer =
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 14
| list_episodes =
| related =
}}

'''''She''''' is an Indian [[crime drama]] television series created and written by [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]] and Divya Johry.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/she-netflix-india-2020-series-trailer-release-date-march-cast-vijay-varma-imtiaz-ali-2189599|title=Imtiaz Ali's She: Trailer, March Release Date Unveiled for New Netflix Series From India|last=Arora|first=Akhil|website=NDTV|date=4 March 2020|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref> Directed by Arif Ali and [[Avinash Das (Director)|Avinash Das]] under production house Window Seat Films, the series stars [[Aaditi Pohankar]], [[Vijay Varma]] and [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]]. It follows the story of a female constable who goes undercover to bust an underworld gang.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://scroll.in/reel/955127/in-netflix-series-she-an-undercover-constable-takes-on-a-ganglord|title=In Netflix series 'She', an undercover constable takes on a ganglord|website=Scroll.in|date=4 March 2020|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref> ''She'' premiered on [[Netflix]] on 20 March 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/aaditi-pohankars-netflix-series-she-is-about-a-female-constable-taking-on-a-drug-cartel/article30981662.ece|title=Aaditi Pohankar's Netflix series 'She' is about a female constable taking on a drug cartel|work=The Hindu|date=4 March 2020|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/netflix-drops-power-packed-trailer-of-imtiaz-alis-crime-thriller-she|title=Netflix drops power-packed trailer of Imtiaz Ali's crime-thriller 'She'|publisher=The Free Press Journal|date=4 March 2020|accessdate=5 March 2020}}</ref>

==Plot==
She follows the journey of Bhumika Pardeshi, a quiet and underconfident constable from Mumbai who lives a difficult life burdened by financial struggles, a sick mother, and an unhappy marriage with her alcoholic husband. She feels invisible both at home and at work, treated as someone too timid to be taken seriously. But everything changes when she is unexpectedly chosen by the Anti-Narcotics Group to go undercover as a sex worker to help capture a dangerous drug cartel leader. Bhumi, who has never viewed herself as powerful, is pushed into a role that is completely opposite of her personality.

Her mission begins with trapping Sasya, a high-level drug dealer, who surprisingly becomes obsessed with Bhumi after she approaches him undercover. To everyone’s shock, Sasya refuses to speak to any officer except her, claiming she is the only one who can make him reveal the identity of the mysterious cartel boss known as Nayak. As Bhumi continues the undercover work, something inside her begins to shift. Acting as a seductive, confident woman begins awakening a side of herself she never knew existed. She discovers that her sexuality gives her unexpected control over dangerous men, and this realization becomes a source of power she starts to enjoy. However, the deeper she goes, the more she gets pulled into the cartel’s shadowy world, making her police team question whether she can be trusted.

By the end of Season 1, Bhumi finally comes close to the elusive Nayak, who watches her carefully and takes a strange interest in her. The season ends with Bhumi caught between two worlds—her duty as a constable and her growing attraction to the power and confidence she feels around Nayak. This sets the stage for Season 2, where her identity crisis intensifies. Now working more closely with Nayak, Bhumi finds herself drawn to him intellectually and emotionally. He manipulates her skillfully, making her feel seen, valued and powerful in a way no one else ever has. While she continues working with the police, she begins secretly taking decisions that benefit Nayak. Her loyalties blur, and her team starts to suspect she might have gone too far to return.

As Bhumi becomes deeply entangled with the cartel, she starts losing herself in this dangerous double life. Nayak’s psychological manipulation convinces her that she is capable of far greater power if she leaves her old identity behind. Meanwhile, the police demand that she fully betray Nayak, and Nayak asks her to betray the police—both sides pulling her in opposite directions. Bhumi realizes she cannot serve two masters, especially when she discovers that Nayak has been using her all along. His promises of partnership and power were only a tactic to control her.

In the final stretch of Season 2, Bhumi understands that neither the police nor Nayak truly care about her—both only want to use her abilities for their own agendas. This realization triggers her final transformation. Rejecting both sides, she chooses to take control of her own destiny. Bhumi kills Nayak, breaking free from his psychological hold. She then walks away from her old life entirely—her marriage, her weak identity, her police role, and even her former beliefs. The series ends with Bhumi reborn as a woman who has discovered her own strength, though in a morally grey and lonely way, having liberated herself from everyone who tried to define her.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Aaditi Pohankar]] as Bhumika Pardeshi
*[[Vijay Varma]] as Sasya
*[[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as Nayak
*Vishwas Kini as ACP Jason Fernandez
*Saqib Ayub as Hemant
*Resh Lamba as Durga
*Vishesh Sagar as Kartik
*Sandeep Sridhar Dhabale
*Paritosh Sand as DCP Shishir
*Shivani Rangole as Rupa
*[[Ravish Desai]] as Amey
*Monika Dabade as Lawyer
*Suhita Thatte as Bhumika's Mother
*Sandeep Dhabale as Lokhande
*Dhruv Thukral as Deep
*[[Mohammad Ali Baig]] as ACP Alam
*[[Dilip Kumar Salvadi]] as Chinnana (Nayak's uncle)
}}

==Episodes==
===Series overview===
{{Series overview
| color1 = #0EBAE2
| link1 = #Season 1 (2020)
| episodes1 = 7
| released1 = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}

| color2 = #000000
| link2 = #Season 2 (2022)
| episodes2 = 7
| released2 = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
}}

===Season 1 (2020)===
{{Episode table |total_width= |background=#0EBAE2 |overall= |season= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = The Pickup
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = Police officer Bhumi goes undercover as a prostitute to bust a drug cartel leader, but when the operation goes awry, she makes an unexpected discovery.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = The Proposal
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = A visit from Bhumi's estranged husband angers her rebellious sister. Sasya agrees to cooperate in a police interrogation - on one condition.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The Pawn's Move
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = The team doubts Bhumi's mettle after Sasya manages to rattle her. Fernandez pushes to keep her as an undercover agent in a plan to nab Sasya's boss.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Night Walk
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = After going to dangerous lengths to prove herself, Bhumi is recruited into Fernandez's department, and begins to prepare for her risky new role.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = It's Time
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = Newly emboldened, Bhumi seduces an unlikely target. Ahead of Nayak's arrival in Mumbai, Sasya attempts to gain police trust as an informant.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = The Promise
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = With Nayak now in Mumbai, Bhumi is moved to a hotel under police surveillance, but her first encounter with the kingpin takes the team by surprise.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = Devil's Share
|DirectedBy = Arif Ali, Avinash Das
|WrittenBy = Imtiaz Ali, Manish Gaekwad
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2020|03|20}}
|ShortSummary = In the wake of an unexpected complication, Fernandez doubts Sasya's loyalty. Caught off guard by a suspicious Nayak, Bhumi drops her own bombshell.
|LineColor = 0EBAE2
}}
}}

===Season 2 (2022)===
{{Episode table |total_width= |background=#000000 |overall= |season= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR=<ref name="TFC">{{cite web |title=She on Netflix |url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/showatch/she/listings/ |website=[[The Futon Critic]] |access-date=June 8, 2022}}</ref> |episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|EpisodeNumber2 = 1
|Title = The Test
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|EpisodeNumber2 = 2
|Title = The Tightrope
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|EpisodeNumber2 = 3
|Title = The Devil's Double
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|EpisodeNumber2 = 4
|Title = Samsara
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|EpisodeNumber2 = 5
|Title = Karma Cola
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|EpisodeNumber2 = 6
|Title = Dark Seduction
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|EpisodeNumber2 = 7
|Title = The Switch
|DirectedBy =
|WrittenBy =
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=y|2022|6|17}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000000
}}
}}

==Controversy==
In Season 2 Episode 1, the series portrays a character by the name of Ismail as the owner of a prostitution cartel dressed in the [[Dawoodi Bohra#Dress|traditional attire]] specific to the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] community which sparked a controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Nagpur |date=2022-06-23 |title=Dawoodi Bohra community strongly condemns some scenes in Netflix series |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/dawoodi-bohra-community-strongly-condemns-some-scenes-in-netflix-series/06231214 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Critical reception==
Swetha Ramakrishnan from ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave credit to the cinematography of the series and applauded the cast performances. However, she further mentioned how and why she was disappointed with Imtiaz Ali on the plot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Netflix's She review: Imtiaz Ali's streaming debut could have been an intelligent thriller if not for its inherent male gaze |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/netflixs-she-review-imtiaz-alis-streaming-debut-could-have-been-an-intelligent-thriller-if-not-for-its-inherent-male-gaze-8178081.html |website=Firstpost |date=23 March 2020}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' termed the series as sleazy and sloppy but hailed few instances from the series.<ref>{{cite web |title=She review: Imtiaz Ali's bad luck spills onto sleazy, sloppy new Netflix series |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/she-review-imtiaz-ali-s-bad-luck-spills-onto-sleazy-sloppy-new-netflix-series/story-21xW4GUI1k5Z4j7yZTEcVI.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=20 March 2020}}</ref>

''[[Scroll.in]]'' appreciated the performance of Vijay Verma and highlighted that his character who was used to set up the events in the series was eventually sidelined at the end, which was disheartening.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramnath |first1=Nandini |title='She' review: Profane games and limp erotic thrills in Imtiaz Ali's first web series for Netflix |url=https://scroll.in/reel/956416/she-review-profane-games-and-limp-erotic-thrills-in-imtiaz-alis-first-web-series-for-netflix |website=Scroll.in|date=20 March 2020 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt11905720}}

{{Imtiaz Ali (director)}}
{{Netflix original current series}}

[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Netflix television dramas]]
[[Category:Indian television series distributed by Netflix]]
[[Category:2020 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian crime television series]]
[[Category:Fiction about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Indian thriller television series]]

Bina Singh

2026-01-01T22:49:48Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Bina Singh
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] (MLA) of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = Nov 2020
| term_end = 2025
| predecessor = [[Umesh Singh Kushwaha]]
| successor = Umesh Singh Kushwaha
| constituency = [[Mahnar Assembly constituency|Mahnar]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1960|01|01}}<ref>{{cite web |title=MLA Date of Births |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Bihar |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref>
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| occupation =
| profession = Retired [[BSNL]] employee
| spouse = [[Rama Kishore Singh]]
}}

'''Bina Singh''' is an Indian politician, currently a member of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] and a [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Mahnar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahnar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bina Singh(RJD):Constituency- MAHNAR(VAISHALI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=12239 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=बीना सिंह, Rashtriya Janata Dal प्रत्याशी {{!}} Bina Singh, Rashtriya Janata Dal Candidate From Mahnar, Delhi Assembly Elections 2020, बिहार विधानसभा चुनाव २०२० |url=https://hindi.news18.com//assembly-election-2020/bihar-chunav/bina-singh-s04a129c02-rashtriya-janata-dal-profile/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=News18 India |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Mahnar Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Bina Singh of RJD wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/mahnar-election-result-2020-live-updates-mahnar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3062309.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BIHAR VIDHAN SABHA/Know your MLA |url=https://www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/Knowyourmla.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.vidhansabha.bih.nic.in}}</ref> She is the wife of former [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Rama Kishore Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=जानिए कौन हैं वीणा सिंह जिनके पति से थर्राता है बिहार |url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/states/bihar/rjd-leader-veena-singh-biography-165058.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=News Nation |language=hi}}</ref> She defeated the [[Janata Dal (United)]] state president [[Umesh Singh Kushwaha]] in [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young face Umesh Kushwaha is new Bihar JD(U) president |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/jan/10/young-face-umesh-kushwaha-is-new-bihar-jdu-president-2248226.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bina}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

Malik Dinar (general)

2025-12-02T23:02:35Z

ChaseBruns: Starting First Biography Basic Info

{{Short description|14th century general of the Delhi Sultanate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
'''Malik Dinar''' was a native [[India]]n slave who served as general in [[Khalji dynasty]] of [[Delhi Sultanate]]. He served as subordinate officer [[Malik Kafur]] and was also a ''Shihna-yi pil'' or intendant of elephantry<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&dq=malik+dinar+kafur&pg=PA177 |title= The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, quoting TFS 388-9
|page= 175
|isbn=0521543290
|author= Peter Jackson
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year= 2003 }}</ref> and was sent by Kafur to suppress rebellion in Gujarat. His daughter has been married the third Khalji dynasty sultan, [[Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah]]. he was given the title 'Zafar [[Khan (title)|Khan]]' (literally chief of victory).<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lt2tqOpVRKgC&dq=malik+dinar+kafur&pg=PA177 |title= The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
|page= 177
|isbn=0521543290
|author= Peter Jackson
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year= 2003 }}</ref><ref name="Iqtidar Alam Khan">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&dq=malik+dinar&pg=PA59 |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
|page= 59
|isbn=978-0810864016
|author= Iqtidar Alam Khan
|publisher=Scarecrow Press
|year= 2008 }}</ref> The very same title which bestowed to one of greatest Khalji military general who repelled the [[Chagatai Khanate]] Mongol repeated invasions into India, [[Zafar Khan (Delhi Sultanate)|Zafar Khan Malik Hizbaruddin]].<ref name="Satish Chandra Misra">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGSKTttoa3IC&dq=malik+dinar&pg=PA59 |title=The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442
|page= 90
|isbn=9780810864016
|author= Satish Chandra Misra
|publisher=Universitas Michigan
|year= 1982 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:People from the Delhi Sultanate]]
[[Category:Khalji dynasty]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]

2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election

2025-11-25T05:20:13Z

ChaseBruns: improved article

{{Short description|2017 assembly elections in Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
| country = India
| type = Legislative
| previous_election = 2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 2012
| next_election = 2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 2022
| election_date = 4 – 8 March 2017
| seats_for_election = All 60 assembly constituencies
| majority_seats = 31
| turnout = 86.63%({{increase}} 7.44%)
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Okram Ibobi Singh.JPG|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=14|oTop=11}}
| leader1 = [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
| leader_since1 =
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Thoubal Assembly constituency|Thoubal]]
| last_election1 =
| seats_before1 = 47
| seats_won1 =
| seats_after1 =
| seat_change1 = {{loss}} 19
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 = 35.1%
| swing1 = {{loss}} 6.9%

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Chief Minister of Manipur, Shri Biren Singh calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, in New Delhi on September 06, 2017 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=05|oTop=09}}
| leader2 = [[Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| leader_since2 =
| party2 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance2 = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Heingang Assembly constituency|Heingang]]
| last_election2 =
| seats_won2 =
| seats_before2 = 0
| seats_needed2 =
| seats_after2 =
| seat_change2 = {{gain}} 21
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 = 36.3%
| swing2 = {{gain}} 35%

| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=05|oTop=0}}
| leader3 =
| leader_since3 =
| party3 = Naga People's Front
| alliance3 = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| leaders_seat3 =
| last_election3 =
| seats3 = 4
| seats_before3 = 4
| seats_needed3 =
| seats_after3 =
| seat_change3 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote3 =
| percentage3 = 7.2%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 0.3%

| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=The Deputy Chief Minister of Manipur, Shri Y. Joykumar Singh calling on the Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region (IC), Prime Minister’s Office, Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (cropped).jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=15|oTop=0}}
| leader4 = [[Yumnam Joykumar Singh]]
| leader_since4 =
| party4 = National People's Party (India)
| alliance4 = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| leaders_seat4 = [[Uripok Assembly constituency|Uripok]]
| last_election4 =
| seats4 = 4
| seats_before4 =
| seats_needed4 =
| seats_after4 =
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 4
| popular_vote4 =
| percentage4 = 5.1%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 3.9%

| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Karam shyam.jpg|bSize=140|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=15|oTop=0}}
| leader5 = [[Karam Shyam]]
| leader_since5 =
| party5 = Lok Janshakti Party
| alliance5 = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]
| leaders_seat5 = [[Langthabal Assembly constituency|Langthabal]]
| last_election5 =
| seats5 = 1
| seats_before5 =
| seats_needed5 =
| seats_after5 =
| seat_change5 = {{steady}}
| popular_vote5 =
| percentage5 = 2.5%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 1.9%

| image6 = {{CSS image crop|Image=All India Trinamool Congress symbol 2021.svg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=100|oLeft=05|oTop=0}}
| leader6 = [[Tongbram Robindro Singh]]
| leader_since6 =
| party6 = All India Trinamool Congress
| alliance6 = -
| leaders_seat6 = [[Thanga Assembly constituency|Thanga]]
| last_election6 =
| seats6 = 1
| seats_before6 =
| seats_needed6 =
| seats_after6 =
| seat_change6 = {{decrease}} 4
| popular_vote6 =
| percentage6 = 1.4%
| swing6 = {{decrease}} 15.6%

| map_image = [[File:2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly Election Result Map.svg|300px]]
| map2_image = [[File:India Manipur Legislative Assembly Election 2017.svg|300px]]
| map2_caption = Structure of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] after the election

| title = [[Chief Minister of Manipur|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
| after_election = [[N. Biren Singh]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| result =
| ongoing =
| seats1 = 28
| seats2 = 21
}}

A Legislative Assembly election was held in [[Manipur]] on 4 March and 8 March 2017 to elect the 60 members of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]].<ref>
{{Cite web |title=Announcement: Schedule for the General Elections to the Legislative Assemblies of Goa, Manipur, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh |date=4 January 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN1_04012017.pdf |access-date=4 January 2017}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite web |title=TheQuint |website=TheQuint |url=https://www.thequint.com/state-elections-2017/manipur-elections-2017 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125044429/https://www.thequint.com/state-elections-2017/manipur-elections-2017 |url-status=dead}}
</ref> before the expiration of the term of the previous Assembly on 18 March 2017.<ref name=eci>
{{cite web |title=Terms of the Houses |website=eci.nic.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]/[[National Informatics Centre]] |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/terms_of_houses.aspx |access-date=23 May 2016 }}
</ref>
The election was fought mainly on the issues of "territorial integrity of Manipur" and the [[Naga peace accord]].<ref name="DNA">
Kartikeya Sharma, "It's all about blockade, Nagalim and Project NE: As Manipur inches closer to the polling dates in the two-phased Assembly elections, issues like Naga Accord outweigh development in campaign trails", DNA: Daily News & Analysis, 27 February 2017. {{ProQuest|1872194442}}
</ref>
The incumbent [[Indian National Congress]] lost majority. The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], which won 21 seats, formed the government with the support of allies.{{sfnp|Phanjoubam|2017}}

==Background==
Prior to 2017, [[Indian National Congress]] had been in power for 15 years.
In the [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2012 election]], Congress had won 42 seats and re-elected [[Okram Ibobi Singh]] as the chief minister.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Manipur, Election Commission of India |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_report_2012_MR.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Iboyaima Laithangbam |title=Ibobi sworn in, but fight for No. 2 slot continues |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=15 March 2012 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ibobi-sworn-in-but-fight-for-no-2-slot-continues/article2994623.ece }}</ref> In 2014, the [[Manipur State Congress Party]], with its five [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India) |Members of Legislative Assembly]], merged with Congress, further increasing its tally.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 April 2014 |title=Manipur party joins Cong |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta) |The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/manipur-party-joins-cong/cid/191777 |access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>

Despite this apparent strength, the Congress government was beset with problems. In 2015, it yielded to pressures from the [[Inner Line Permit|Inner Line Permit System movement]] and passed three bills in the Legislative Assembly to regulate migrants. The tribal communities dubbed them as "anti-tribal bills" and protested. Nine tribals were killed in police firing, and eight bodies were still lying in the morgue as the state went to the polls.<ref name="ET 2017">Bikash Singh, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/manipur-result-highlights-durand-cup-winner-cm-vows-to-end-political-football/articleshow/57648945.cms Manipur result highlights: Durand Cup winner CM vows to end political football], The Economic Times, 16 March 2017. {{ProQuest|1877559112}}</ref>

In 2016, [[N. Biren Singh]], who had been denied a ministerial berth in the Ibobi Singh government, revolted against Ibobi Singh along with 25 other legislators. The Congress high command tried to mollify him, by changing the state unit president, appointing Singh as the vice-president and party spokesperson. But the dissidents again grew unhappy with the home minister's lackadaisical treatment of the [[NSCN-IM]] (Naga militant group). In October 2016, Biren Singh resigned from the party as well as the Legislative Assembly, and joined the [[BJP]]. He was appointed as the party spokesperson and co-convenor of the election committee.<ref name="ET 2017"/>

In November 2016, the Ibobi Singh government took the decision to create two new districts, [[Jiribam district|Jiribam]] and [[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]]. The latter had been a longstanding demanding of the [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] tribals that dominate the region. However, the [[Naga people|Nagas]] were miffed that their ancestral land had been bifurcated, and imposed a blockade along the two highways that lead into the Imphal Valley. This caused a shortage of essential commodities in the Valley and prices shot up.<ref name="PP 2017">Malladi Rama Rao, "The Verdict 2017: Manipur magic", Power Politics, 1 April 2017. {{ProQuest|1884521227}}</ref><ref name="Frontline 2017">Sushanta Talukdar, [https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/tightrope-walk/article9583225.ece Tightrope walk], Frontline, 15 March 2017.</ref>

At the national level, the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) was in power along with its [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) partners. The BJP had also created [[North-East Democratic Alliance]] (NEDA) in the Northeastern states. Its partners included the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] (NPP), [[Naga People's Front]] (NPF), [[Lok Janshakti Party]] (LJP). and [[Janata Dal (United)]].

== Parties contested ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
! colspan="2" | Party
!Flag
!Symbol
!Leader
!Seats contested
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:BJP flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50px]]
| [[N. Biren Singh]]
| 60
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50px]]
|[[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
|59
|-
|{{party color cell|National People's Party (India)}}
| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]
| [[File:NPP flag original.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Book.svg|50px]]
| [[Yumnam Joykumar Singh]]
| 20
|-
|{{party color cell|Lok Jan Shakti Party}}
|[[Lok Jan Shakti Party]]
|[[File:Lok Janshakti Party Flag.svg|50px]]
|
|[[Ram Vilas Paswan]]
|17
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|[[File:All India Trinamool Congress flag.svg|50px]]
|[[File:All India Trinamool Congress symbol.svg|50px]]
|[[Mamata Banerjee]]
|16
|-
|{{party color cell|Naga People's Front}}
| [[Naga People's Front]]
| [[File:Flag of the Naga People's Front.png|50px]]
| [[File:Indian Election Symbol Cock.png|50px]]
| [[Neiphiu Rio]]
| 15
|-
|}

==Campaigning==
{{expand section|date=July 2024}}

==Polling==
[[Voter-verified paper audit trail]] (VVPAT) machines were used along with [[Electronic Voting Machines]] (EVMs) in four assembly constituencies in [[Manipur]].<ref>
{{cite web |title=AnnexureVI VVPAT Page 24 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/current/PN2Corrigendum_04012017.pdf}}
</ref>

==Opinion polls==
{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:25px"
|- style="height:30px; background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="width:195px;" rowspan="2"| Polling firm/Link
! style="width:70px;" rowspan="2"| Date
! style="width:75px;"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
! style="width:75px;"| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
! style="width:75px;"| [[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
! style="width:75px;"| [[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
! style="width:75px;" rowspan="2"| Other
|-
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};"|
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}};"|
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Naga People's Front}};"|
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}};"|
|-
| Axis - India Today<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/manipur/story/india-today-axis-opinion-poll-on-manipur-another-north-eastern-jewel-in-bjps-crown-after-assam-346589-2016-10-14 |title=India Today-Axis Opinion Poll on Manipur: Another north-eastern jewel in BJP's crown after Assam |publisher=Indiatoday.in |date=14 October 2016 |access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref>
| Oct 2016
| '''40-45 (48)'''
| 7-8 (10)
| 3-5 (5)
| 00
| 00
|-
|}

==Results==
Results were declared on 11 March 2017.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312055658/http://election.onmanorama.com/en/manipur-assembly-elections-2017.html |url=http://election.onmanorama.com/en/manipur-assembly-elections-2017.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 March 2017 |title=Assembly Election Results - Manipur}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;"
|+ [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election#Results|←]] Summary of the 4–8 March 2017 [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]] election results<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/himachal-pradesh-2017/live-updates-himachal-pradesh-legislative-assembly-election-results/article21830225.ece |title= Himachal Pradesh Assembly election results — counting ends as BJP seals majority with 44 seats |date=18 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |accessdate=8 December 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| colspan="7"| [[File:India Manipur Legislative Assembly Election 2017.svg|center|300px]]
|-
! style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="300"| Parties and coalitions
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Seats
|-
! width="70"| Votes
! width="45"| %
! width="45"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="30"| Won
! width="30"| +/−
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| align="left"| [[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
| 582,056 || 35.1 || {{decrease}}6.9
| 28 || {{decrease}}19
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| align="left"| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)
| 601,539 || 36.3 || {{increase}}34.2
| 21 || {{increase}}21
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Naga People's Front}}"|
| align="left"| [[Naga People's Front]] (NPF)
| 118,850 || 7.2 || {{decrease}}0.3
| 4 || {{steady}}
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}"|
| align="left"| [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] (NPP)
| 83,744 || 5.1 || {{increase}}3.9
| 4 || {{increase}}4
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"|
| align="left"| [[Independent (politician)|Independents]]
| 83,834 || 5.1 || {{increase}}1.8
| 1 || {{increase}}1
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}"|
| align="left"| [[Lok Janshakti Party]] (LJP)
| 42,263 || 2.5 || {{increase}}1.9
| 1 || {{steady}}
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}"|
| align="left"| [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC)
| 23,384 || 1.4 || {{decrease}}15.6
| 1 || {{decrease}}4
|-
| bgcolor=white|
| align="left"| [[None of the Above]] (NOTA)
| 9,062 || 0.6 || {{increase}}0.6
| colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 1,657,975|| 100.00 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
| 60 || ±0
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Valid votes
| align="right" |1,657,975
| align="right" |99.96
| colspan="4" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Invalid votes
| align="right" |691
| align="right" |0.04
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Votes cast / turnout'''
| align="right" | '''1,658,666'''
| align="right" | '''86.63'''
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |Abstentions
| align="right" | 255,881
| align="right" |13.37
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2" |'''Registered voters'''
| align="right" | '''1,914,547'''
|colspan="1" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|-
|}

==Results by constituency==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="3" |[[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|Incumbent]]
! colspan="4" |Winner
! colspan="4" |Runner-up
! rowspan="2" |Margin
|-
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! colspan="2" |Party
! Candidate
! data-sort-type="number" | Votes
! colspan="2" |Party
!Candidate
! data-sort-type="number" | Votes
|-
| 1
| [[Khundrakpam Assembly constituency|Khundrakpam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Thokchom Lokeshwar Singh]]
|12,849
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Thangjam Mohendro Singh
|9,790
|3,059
|-
| 2
| [[Heingang Assembly constituency|Heingang]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[N. Biren Singh|Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[N. Biren Singh|Nongthombam Biren Singh]]
|10,439
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Pangeijam Saratchandra Singh
|9,233
|1,206
|-
| 3
| [[Khurai (Manipur Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khurai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Ngairangbam Bijoy Singh|Dr. Ng. Bijoy Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Leishangthem Susindro Meitei
|15,005
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Ngairangbam Bijoy Singh|Dr. Ng. Bijoy Singh]]
|13,061
|1,944
|-
| 4
| [[Kshetrigao Assembly constituency|Kshetrigao]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Md. Amin Shah
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Nahakpam Indrajit Singh
|10,411
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Muhammad Amin Shah
|10,031
|380
|-
| 5
| [[Thongju Assembly constituency|Thongju]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|[[Thongam Biswajit Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Thongam Biswajit Singh]]
|16,809
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Thokchom Ajit Singh
|9,508
|7,301
|-
| 6
| [[Keirao Assembly constituency|Keirao]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}" |
|[[Manipur State Congress Party|MSCP]]
|Karam Thamarjit Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Lourembam Rameshwor Meetei
|5,959
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|Independent
|Muhammad Nasiruddin Khan
|5,421
|538
|-
| 7
| [[Andro Assembly constituency|Andro]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|[[Thounaojam Shyamkumar Singh|Thounaojam Shyamkumar]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Thounaojam Shyamkumar Singh|Thounaojam Shyamkumar]]
|18,948
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Dr. Nimaichand Luwang
|10,787
|7,986
|-
| 8
| [[Lamlai Assembly constituency|Lamlai]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Kshetrimayum Biren Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Kshetrimayum Biren Singh]]
|12,339
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Khongbantabam Ibomcha]]
|11,487
|852
|-
| 9
| [[Thangmeiband Assembly constituency|Thangmeiband]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Khumukcham Joykisan Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Khumukcham Joykisan Singh
|11,596
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Jyotin Waikhom
|11,439
|157
|-
| 10
| [[Uripok Assembly constituency|Uripok]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Laishram Nandakumar Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| [[Yumnam Joykumar Singh]]
|6,469
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Laishram Nandakumar Singh]]
|6,124
|345
|-
| 11
| [[Sagolband Assembly constituency|Sagolband]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}" |
|[[Manipur State Congress Party|MSCP]]
|[[Rajkumar Imo Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Rajkumar Imo Singh]]
|9,211
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Khwairakpam Loken Singh|Dr. Khwairakpam Loken Singh]]
|9,192
|19
|-
| 12
| [[Keishamthong Assembly constituency|Keishamthong]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|[[Laisom Ibomcha Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| [[Langpoklakpam Jayantakumar Singh|L. Jayantakumar]]
|10,000
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Laisom Ibomcha Singh]]
|6,739
|3,261
|-
| 13
| [[Singjamei Assembly constituency|Singjamei]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Irengbam Hemochandra Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Yumnam Khemchand Singh]]
|9,459
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Irengbam Hemochandra Singh
|7,625
|1,834
|-
| 14
| [[Yaiskul Assembly constituency|Yaiskul]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Elangbam Chand Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Thokchom Satyabrata Singh
|8,014
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Elangbam Chand Singh
|7,444
|570
|-
| 15
| [[Wangkhei Assembly constituency|Wangkhei]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Yumkham Erabot Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Okram Henry Singh]]
|16,753
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Yumkham Erabot Singh]]
|12,417
|4,336
|-
| 16
| [[Sekmai Assembly constituency|Sekmai]] (SC)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Khwairakpam Devendro Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Heikham Dingo Singh]]
|13,163
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Khwairakpam Devendro Singh
|10,631
|2,532
|-
| 17
| [[Lamsang Assembly constituency|Lamsang]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Wangkheimayum Brajabidhu Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Sorokhaibam Rajen]]
|12,593
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Wangkheimayum Brajabidhu Singh
|11,313
|1,280
|-
| 18
| [[Konthoujam Assembly constituency|Konthoujam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Konthoujam Sharat Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Dr. Sapam Ranjan Singh
|14,313
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Konthoujam Sharat Singh
|11,541
|2,772
|-
| 19
| [[Patsoi Assembly constituency|Patsoi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Akoijam Mirabai Devi
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Akoijam Mirabai Devi
|13,405
| style="color:inherit;background:#2A4B8D" |
|[[North East India Development Party|NEIDP]]
|[[Sapam Kunjakeswor Singh]]
|13,291
|114
|-
| 20
| [[Langthabal Assembly constituency|Langthabal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}" |
|[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]]
|[[Karam Shyam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party}}" |
|[[Lok Janshakti Party|LJP]]
| [[Karam Shyam]]
|9,625
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[O. Joy Singh]]
|7,294
|2,331
|-
| 21
| [[Naoriya Pakhanglakpa Assembly constituency|Naoriya Pakhanglakpa]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[R.K. Anand (Manipur politician)|R.K. Anand]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Soibam Subhaschandra Singh
|8,609
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[R.K. Anand (Manipur politician)|R.K. Anand]]
|6,994
|1,615
|-
| 22
| [[Wangoi Assembly constituency|Wangoi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|[[Oinam Lukhoi Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Oinam Lukhoi Singh]]
|7,443
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|Khuraijam Loken Singh
|7,407
|36
|-
| 23
| [[Mayang Imphal Assembly constituency|Mayang Imphal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Dr. Khumujam Ratankumar Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Kongkham Robindro Singh]]
|15,221
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Dr. Khumujam Ratankumar Singh
|12,127
|3,094
|-
| 24
| [[Nambol Assembly constituency|Nambol]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Nameirakpam Loken Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Nameirakpam Loken Singh
|14,736
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Thounaojam Chaoba Singh]]
|14,456
|280
|-
| 25
| [[Oinam Assembly constituency|Oinam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|Dr. [[Irengbam Ibohalbi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Laishram Radhakishore Singh
|12,029
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Dr. Irengbam Ibohalbi Singh
|11,186
|843
|-
| 26
| [[Bishnupur (Manipur Legislative Assembly constituency)|Bishnupur]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Konthoujam Govindas
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Konthoujam Govindas
|14,150
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Konthoujam Krishna Kumar Singh
|8,872
|5,278
|-
| 27
| [[Moirang Assembly constituency|Moirang]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Mairembam Prithviraj Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Pukhrem Sharatchandra Sing
|11,708
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Mairembam Prithviraj Singh
|11,333
|375
|-
| 28
| [[Thanga Assembly constituency|Thanga]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Tongbram Mangibabu
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
| Tongbram Robindro Singh
|6,462
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Moirangthem Asnikumar Singh
|5,457
|1,005
|-
| 29
| [[Kumbi Assembly constituency|Kumbi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Sanasam Bira Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Sanasam Bira Singh
|11,881
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Ningthoujam Mangi
|10,570
|1,311
|-
| 30
| [[Lilong Assembly constituency|Lilong]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Muhammad Abdul Nasir
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Muhammad Abdul Nasir
|10,765
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|Independent
|Y. Antas Khan
|9,497
|1,268
|-
| 31
| [[Thoubal Assembly constituency|Thoubal]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Okram Ibobi Singh]]
|18,649
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Leitanthem Basanta Singh
|8,179
|10,470
|-
| 32
| [[Wangkhem Assembly constituency|Wangkhem]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Keisham Meghachandra Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Keisham Meghachandra Singh
|11,293
| style="color:inherit;background:#2A4B8D" |
|[[North East India Development Party|NEIDP]]
|Yumnam Nabachandra Singh
|8,413
|2,880
|-
| 33
| [[Heirok Assembly constituency|Heirok]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Moirangthem Okendro
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Thokchom Radheshyam Singh]]
|13,389
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Moirangthem Okendro
|11,742
|1,647
|-
| 34
| [[Wangjing Tentha Assembly constituency|Wangjing Tentha]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Paonam Brojen]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Paonam Brojen]]
|12,830
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Moirangthem Hemanta
|10,967
|1,863
|-
| 35
| [[Khangabok Assembly constituency|Khangabok]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Okram Landhoni Dev
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Surjakumar Okram
|20,781
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Thokchom Jadumani Singh
|11,329
|9,452
|-
| 36
| [[Wabgai Assembly constituency|Wabgai]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Muhammad Fajur Rahim]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Muhammad Fajur Rahim]]
|12,474
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Usham Deben Singh|Dr. Usham Deben Singh]]
|7,713
|4,761
|-
| 37
| [[Kakching Assembly constituency|Kakching]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Yengkhom Surchandra Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Yengkhom Surchandra Singh
|11,133
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|M. Rameshwar Singh (Ramay)
|10,503
|630
|-
| 38
| [[Hiyanglam Assembly constituency|Hiyanglam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" |
|[[All India Trinamool Congress|AITC]]
|[[Maibam Kunjo]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Yumnam Radheshyam]]
|13,394
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Elangbam Dwijamani Singh
|11,669
|1,725
|-
| 39
| [[Sugnu Assembly constituency|Sugnu]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Kangujam Ranjit Singh
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Kangujam Ranjit Singh
|13,331
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Yumnam Jiban Singh
|10,198
|3,133
|-
| 40
| [[Jiribam Assembly constituency|Jiribam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Thoudam Debendra Singh
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|Independent
| [[Ashab Uddin (politician)|Ashab Uddin]]
|8,189
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Thoudam Debendra Singh
|6,539
|1,650
|-
| 41
| [[Chandel Assembly constituency|Chandel]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
|St. Nunghlung Victor
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| [[Letpao Haokip]]
|14,216
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|Independent
|Ts Warngam
|12,091
|2,125
|-
| 42
| [[Tengnoupal Assembly constituency|Tengnoupal]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|D. Korungthang
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| D. Korungthang
|16,940
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Yangkholet Haokip
|12,284
|4,656
|-
| 43
| [[Phungyar Assembly constituency|Phungyar]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Victor Keishing
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| [[Leishiyo Keishing]]
|11,900
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Somi Awungshi
|7,122
|4,778
|-
| 44
| [[Ukhrul Assembly constituency|Ukhrul]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Samuel Risom
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Alfred Kan-Ngam Arthur]]
|11,510
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Somatai Shaiza
|11,214
|296
|-
| 45
| [[Chingai Assembly constituency|Chingai]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[MK Preshow Shimray]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| Khashim Vashum
|16,582
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Sword Vashum
|8,932
|7,650
|-
| 46
| [[Saikul Assembly constituency|Saikul]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Yamthong Haokip]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Yamthong Haokip]]
|8,677
| bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|[[Chungkhokai Doungel]]
|5,416
|3,261
|-
| 47
| [[Karong Assembly constituency|Karong]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Dr. V. Alexander Pao
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| D. D. Thaisii
|14,038
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|R. Yuh Jonathan Tao
|9,745
|4,293
|-
| 48
| [[Mao Assembly constituency|Mao]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
|[[Losii Dikho]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
|[[Losii Dikho]]
|25,933
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Woba Joram
|10,519
|15,414
|-
| 49
| [[Tadubi Assembly constituency|Tadubi]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|M. Francis Ngajokpa
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
| [[N. Kayisii]]
|17,115
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|M. Francis Ngajokpa
|15,816
|1,299
|-
| 50
| [[Kangpokpi Assembly constituency|Kangpokpi]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}" |
|[[Manipur State Congress Party|MSCP]]
|[[Nemcha Kipgen]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Nemcha Kipgen]]
|13,485
| style="color:inherit;background:#DDDDDD" |
|Independent
|Kharga Tamang
|11,188
|2,297
|-
| 51
| [[Saitu Assembly constituency|Saitu]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Ngamthang Haokip]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Ngamthang Haokip]]
|19,467
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Haokholet Kipgen
|15,650
|3,817
|-
| 52
| [[Tamei Assembly constituency|Tamei]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Z. Kikhonbou Newmai
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
| Awangbow Newmai
|15,933
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Z. Kikhonbou Newmai
|15,186
|747
|-
| 53
| [[Tamenglong Assembly constituency|Tamenglong]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}" |
|[[Manipur State Congress Party|MSCP]]
|Janghemlung Panmei
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Samuel Jendai|Samuel Jendai Kamei]]
|13,023
| bgcolor="{{party color|Naga People's Front}}" |
|[[Naga People's Front|NPF]]
|Janghemlung Panmei
|11,019
|2,004
|-
| 54
| [[Nungba Assembly constituency|Nungba]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Gaikhangam]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Gaikhangam]]
|10,255
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Adim Pamei
|5,108
|5,147
|-
| 55
| [[Tipaimukh Assembly constituency|Tipaimukh]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Dr. Chaltonlien Amo
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Dr. Chaltonlien Amo
|4,997
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Dr. Lallukhum Fimate
|4,371
|626
|-
| 56
| [[Thanlon Assembly constituency|Thanlon]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Vungzagin Valte
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| Vungzagin Valte
|9,752
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Chinkholal Thangsing
|2,583
|7,169
|-
| 57
| [[Henglep Assembly constituency|Henglep]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|T. Manga Vaiphei
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[T. Thangzalam Haokip]]
|8,438
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|T. Manga Vaiphei
|8,170
|268
|-
| 58
| [[Churachandpur Assembly constituency|Churachandpur]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Phungzathang Tonsing]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[V. Hangkhanlian]]
|10,246
| bgcolor="{{party color|National People's Party (India)}}" |
|[[National People's Party (India)|NPP]]
|[[Phungzathang Tonsing]]
|9,632
|614
|-
| 59
| [[Saikot Assembly constituency|Saikot]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[T. N. Haokip]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[T. N. Haokip]]
|16,354
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Paokholal Haokip
|11,253
|5,101
|-
| 60
| [[Singhat Assembly constituency|Singhat]] (ST)
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|Ginsuanhau
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| Ginsuanhau
|8,131
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|Chinlunthang
|6,969
|1,162
|}

==Government formation ==
On 15 March 2017, [[N. Biren Singh]] was sworn as the Chief Minister, having formed a coalition with [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]], [[Naga People's Front]] and the [[Lok Janshakti Party]]. This marked the first time that the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] has formed a government in [[Manipur]]. The [[Indian National Congress]] remained the single largest party in the legislature.

==By-elections==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Date
! Constituency
! Winner
! colspan=2 |Party
|-
| rowspan=5|[[2020 Manipur Legislative Assembly by-elections|7 November 2020]]
| [[Wangoi Assembly constituency|Wangoi]]
| [[Oinam Lukhoi Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Lilong Assembly constituency|Lilong]]
|Y.Antas Khan
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[Wangjing Tentha Assembly constituency|Wangjing Tentha]]
| [[Paonam Brojen|Paonam Brojen Singh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Saitu Assembly constituency|Saitu]]
| Ngamthang Haokip
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[Singhat Assembly constituency|Singhat]]
| |[[Ginsuanhau Zou]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last1=Attri |first1=Vibha |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=Himanshu |title=Assembly Elections 2017–2018 |journal=Studies in Indian Politics |date=2019 |volume=7 |number=1 |pages=100–129 |doi=10.1177/2321023019838879 |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |title=BJP Snatches Victory from Defeat in Manipur |first=Pradip |last=Phanjoubam |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=52 |number=12 |date=25 March 2017 |pages=25–26 |jstor=44166817}}

==External links==
* [http://manipur.election2017results.in/date/ Manipur election 2017 date] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105085641/http://manipur.election2017results.in/date/ |date=5 January 2017 }}

{{Manipur elections}}

[[Category:2017 State Assembly elections in India|Manipur]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Manipur]]
[[Category:2010s in Manipur]]
[[Category:March 2017 in India]]

Dilip Chitre

2025-11-16T08:52:24Z

ChaseBruns: refine information for consistency

{{Short description|Indian Marathi and English poet (1938–2009)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2011}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Dilip Chitre
| image = Dilip Chitre.webp
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1938|09|17}}
| birth_place = [[Baroda]], [[Baroda State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2009|12|10|1938|09|17}}
| death_place = [[Pune, Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = Poet, translator, painter, fiction writer, critic, film maker
| movement = [[Indian literature|Indian]] [[Modernism]] [[postmodernism]]
| spouse = Vijoo Chitre
| children = Ashay Chitre
}}

'''Dilip Purushottam Chitre''' (17 September 1938 – 10 December 2009) was one of the foremost Indian poets and critics to emerge in the post Independence India. Apart from being a notable bilingual writer, writing in [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and English, he was also a teacher, a painter, a filmmaker and a magazine columnist.

==Biography==

Chitre was born in [[Baroda]] on 17 September 1938 into a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] speaking [[CKP]] community. His father Purushottam Chitre used to publish a periodical named ''Abhiruchi''. His grandfather, Kashinath Gupte was an expert on Tukaram and this served as Chitre's introduction to the poet.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-dilip-chitre-was-the-rarest-of-the-rare-1322488|title=Dilip Chitre was the rarest of the rare!|date=11 December 2009|website=DNA India}}</ref> Chitre's family moved to [[Mumbai]] in 1951 and he published his first collection of poems in 1960. He was one of the earliest and the most important influences behind the famous "little magazine movement" of the sixties in [[Marathi language|Marathi]]. He started ''Shabda'' with [[Arun Kolatkar]] and Ramesh Samarth. In 1975, he was awarded a visiting fellowship by the International Writing Programme of the [[University of Iowa]] in [[Iowa City, Iowa]] in the United States. He has also worked as a director of the Indian Poetry Library, archive, and translation centre at [[Bharat Bhavan]], a multi arts foundation. He also convened a world poetry festival in New Delhi followed by an international symposium of poets in [[Bhopal]]. He was educated both in Baroda and Mumbai.

After a long bout with cancer, Dilip Chitre died at his residence in [[Pune]] on 10 December 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025135521/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-11/pune/28075334_1_marathi-literature-sahitya-akademi-award-poet Poet-author Dilip Chitre passes away] ''[[The Times of India]]''. Retrieved on 11 December 2009.</ref>

==Works==

===Poetry===

Chitre was a bilingual writer, but wrote mostly in Marathi. His ''Ekun Kavita'' or Collected Poems were published in the 1990s in three volumes. ''As Is, Where Is'' selected English poems (1964–2007) and "Shesha" English translation of selected Marathi poems, both published by Poetrywala, were published in 2007. He also edited ''An Anthology of Marathi Poetry (1945–1965)''.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} He was an accomplished translator of prose and poetry. His most famous translation was of the celebrated 17th century Marathi bhakti poet [[Tukaram]] (published as Says Tuka). He translated ''Anubhavamrut'' by twelfth century bhakti poet [[Dnyaneshwar]]. He also wrote poetry in English. Travelling in a Cage (1980) was his first and only book of English poems.

Exile, alienation, self-disintegration and death are major themes in Chitre's poetry, which belongs essentially to the Modernist Movement. It reflects cosmopolitan culture, urban sensibilities, uses oblique expressions and ironic tones.

===Films===

He started his professional film career in 1969 and made one feature film, about a dozen documentary films, several short films and about 20 video documentary features. He wrote the [[Screenplay|scripts]] of most of his films as well as directed or co-directed them. He also scored the music for some of them.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}

==Awards and honors==

Among Chitre's honours and awards are several Maharashtra State Awards, the Prix Special du Jury for his film ''Godam'' at the [[:fr:Festival des trois continents|Festival des Trois Continents]] in 1984, the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]]'s Emeritua Fellowship, the [[University of Iowa]]'s International Writing Program Fellowship, the [[Indira Gandhi Prize|Indira Gandhi Fellowship]], and the [[Villa Waldberta]] Fellowship for residence given by the City of [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]]. He was a [[Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst|D.A.A.D]]. ([[German Academic Exchange Service|German Academic Exchange]]) Fellow and Writer-in-Residence at the [[Heidelberg University|Universities of Heidelberg]] and [[University of Bamberg|Bamberg]] in Germany in 1991–92. He was Director of Vagarth, Bharat Bhavan Bhopal and convenor-director of the Valmiki World Poetry Festival (New Delhi,1985) and International Symposium of Poets (Bhopal, 1985), a Keynote Speaker at the World Poetry Congress in Maebashi, Japan (1996) and at the Ninth International Conference on Maharashtra at Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA in 2001 and Member of the International Jury at the Literature festival Berlin, 2001.

He was member of a three-writer delegation (along with [[Nirmal Verma]] and [[U. R. Ananthamurthy]]) to the Soviet Union (Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia), Hungary, the Federal Republic of Germany and France in the spring and summer of 1980 and to the [[Frankfurter Buchmesse]] in Frankfurt, Germany in 1986.

He was Honorary President of the Sontheimer Cultural Association, of which he was also a Founder-Trustee.

==Bibliography==

===In Marathi===
*''Kavita'', Mouj Prakashan, Mumbai, 1960
*''Orpheus'', Mouj Prakashan, Mumbai,1968; 2nd Ed: Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
*''Sheeba Raneechya Shodhaat'', Majestic Prakashan, Mumbai,1969
*''Kavitenantarchyaa Kavita'', Vacha Prakashan, Aurangabad,1978
*''Chaavyaa; Pras Prakashan'', Mumbai, 1983
*''Dahaa By Dahaa'', Pras Prakashan, Mumbai, 1983
*''Mithu Mithu Porat ani Sutak'', Saket Prakashan, Aurangabad,1989
*''Tirkas Ani Chaukas'', Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai;1980;2nd Ed: Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
*''Punha Tukaram'', S.K.Belvalkar, Pune, 1990; 2nd edition: Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 1995; 3rd edition:Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 2001
*''Shatakaanchaa Sandhikaal'', Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai
*''Bhau Padhye Yanchyaa Shreshtha Kathaa'' ( Editor), Lok Vangmay Griha, Mumbai, 1995
*''Ekoon Kavita-1'', Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, 1992; 2nd edition:1995
*''Ekoon Kavita-2'', Popular Prakashan; Mumbai;1995
*''Ekoon Kavita-3'', Popular Prakashan; Mumbai
*''Chaturang'', Popular Prakashan, Mumbai;1995
*''Tukobache Vaikunthagaman'', Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
*''Agatikanche Jaagatikikaran'', Shabdalay Prakashan, Srirampur,2010
*'' Kavi Kai Kaam Karto''(in Gujarati and English translation), Poetrywala, Mumbai,2010

===In English===
*''An Anthology of Marathi Poetry (1945–1965)'' (Editor), Nirmala-Sadanand, Mumbai, 1968
*''Ambulance Ride'', Self, Mumbai, 1972
*''Travelling in a Cage''; Clearing House; Mumbai; 1980
*''The Reasoning Vision: Jehangir Sabavala’s Painterly Universe'', Introduction and Notes on the paintings by Dilip Chitre
*''Tata-McGraw-Hill'', New Delhi, 1980
*''Says Tuka: Translation of Tukaram'', Penguin, 1991
*''Tender Ironies: A Tribute To Lothar Lutze'' (Editor), Manohar, New Delhi, 1994
*''Shri Jnandev’s Anubhavamrut: The Immortal Experience of Being'', Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1996
*''The Mountain'', Vijaya Chitre, Pune, 1998
*''No-Moon Monday On The River Karha'', Vijaya Chitre, Pune, 2000
*'' Virus Alert: Poems of [[Hemant Divate]]'',( as translator) Mumbai: Poetrywala, 2003
*'' Namdeo Dhasal: Poet of the Underground: Poems 1972–2006'' (as Translator), Navayana Publishing, Chennai, 2007
*'' As Is, Where Is: Selected Poems'', Poetrywala, Mumbai,2008
*'' Shesha: Selected Marathi poems in English Translation'', Poetrywala, Mumbai, 2008
*''Felling of the Banyan Tree''
*Father Returning Home

===In Hindi===
*''Pisati ka Burz: Dileep Chitre ki Chuni Huvi Kavitaayen'', translated by Chandrakant Deotale, Rajkamal, New Delhi, 1987

===In Gujarati===
*''Milton-na Mahaakaavyo'', translated by Yashwant Dashi and the author, Parichay Pustakavali, Mumbai, 1970
*Kavya Vishva Shreni: Marathi: Dileep Chitre, translated by [[Jaya Mehta]], Gujarat Sahitya Academy, Gandhinagar


===In German===
*''Das Fallen des Banyanbaums'', translated by Lothar Lutze, Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, New Delhi, 1980
*''Bombay/Mumbai: Bilder einer Mega-Stadt'' (with Henning Stegmuller and Namdeo Dhasal) translated by Lothar Lutze, A-1 Verlag, Munchen
*''Worte des Tukaram'', Translated by Lothar Lutze, A=1 Verlag, Munchen
*Lotos Blatter 1: Dilip Chitre: Aus dem Englischen und dem Marathi, translated by Lothar Lutze, Proben Indische Poesie: Lotos Verlag Roland Beer; Berlin, 2001


===Paintings and exhibitions===
*1969, First One Man Show of Oil Paintings; Bombay; India;
*1975, Triple Triptych; in collaboration with Peter Clarke and Ahmed Muhammad Imamovic; Iowa City, Iowa; USA;
*Participation in group shows in India and the Netherlands;
*Dilip Chitre 63: Mini-Retrospective of Paintings in Pune (1986–2001); Studio S, Pune;2001;
*In the collection of Air-India International, Bombay, India;

===Filmography and videography===
*''Vijeta'', produced by Filmvalas, Mumbai, directed by [[Govind Nihalani]]; story and screenplay
*''Godam'', produced by the National Film Development Corporation, Mumbai; screenplay, direction, and music
*''Ardha Satya'', directed by Govind Nihalani; theme poem
*''A Tryst With Destiny'', produced by S.S. Oberoi; script and direction
*''Education '72'', produced by S.S. Oberoi; script and direction
*''A Question of Identity'', produced by Y.R.Khandekar; script, direction, and narration
*''Dattu'', produced by Dnyada Naik; script and direction
*''Made in India'', producer, scriptwriter, and director, on behalf of the Industrial Design Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbao
*''Bombay:Geliebte Moloch'', produced by Adanos-Film, gmbh, Munich, Germany; Co-Scriptwriter and C-Director; Videofilms Made For The Archives of Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal (1984–85)
*''Shakti Chattopadhyaya: Portrait of the Poet'', produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal; Concept, Script, and Direction
*''Translating Shakti Chattopadhyaya into English: a discussion with Jyotirmoy Datta and Arvind Krishna Meherotra'', concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
*''Translating Shakti Chattopadhyaya into Hindi a discussion with Kedar Nath Singh and Prayag Shukla'', concept and direction
*''Shamsher Bahadur Singh: A Portrait of the Poet'', concept and direction
*''Shamsher Bahadur Singh in discussion with Namvar Singh and [[Ashok Vajpeyi]]'', Concept and Direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan Bhopal
*''K.Satchidanandan: A Portrait of the Poet and a discussion by Sudha Gopalakrishnan and Rajendra Dhodapkar'', concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
*''In The Darkness of the Twentieth Century: A discussion featuring Shrikant, Verma, Namvar Singh, and Ashok Vajpeyi'', concept and direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
*''Kunwar Narayan: A Portrait of the Poet'', Concept and Direction, produced by Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal
*''B.C.Sanyal: Memories of Life and Art at 82'', concept and direction; for Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi
*''Narayan Surve: A Poet of The Proliterait'' (in Marathi, Hindi, and English versions), 2000

===Editor===
*''Shabda'' (1954–1960), Mumbai
*''New Quest'' (1978–1980), (2001–), Mumbai

===Columnist===
*''[[The Free Press Journal]]'', Mumbai (1959–1960)
*''Loksatta'', Mumbai
*''Dinank'', Mumbai
*''Ravivar Sakal'', Pune
*''Quest''
*''New Quest''
*''Abhiruchi''

===Occasional book reviewer/contributor of articles===
*''[[The Indian Express]]''
*''[[The Times of India]]''
*''[[Sakaal Times]]''
*''Quest''
*''New Quest''
*''Granth''
*''The Illustrated Weekly of India''
*''Times Weekly''
*''Biblio''
*''Gallery''
*''Kala-Varta''
*''Sakshatkar''
*''Poorvagraha''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://planetchitre.tripod.com/ Chitre Home Page]
*[http://cerebration.org/chitretribute.html Tribute to Chitre at Cerebration.org by Sachin Ketkar]
*[http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/dec/10/slide-show-1-dilip-chitre-portrait-of-an-artist.htm Chitre's Interview at Rediff.com]
*[http://www.newquestindia.com/Html/19_DILIP_'Practice%20of%20Marathi%20Poetry'.htm A very Important Article by Chitre on Marathi Poetry]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19980429/11951214.html Dilip Chitre Interview]
*[https://www.scribd.com/thebuckstopshere Articles on various topics written by Chitre. Many of them unpublished]

== Online Poetry ==
*[http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=13518&x=1 At Poetry International Web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204003013/http://india.poetryinternationalweb.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=13518&x=1 |date=4 February 2009 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100125150806/http://www.museindia.com/showfocus10.asp?id=1025 At Muse India]
*[http://varnamala.org/dilip_chitre.html at Kavitayan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215195921/http://varnamala.org/dilip_chitre.html |date=15 December 2009 }}
*[http://www.cerebration.org/childhood.html Childhood]
*[http://www.cerebration.org/dadar.html Haikus]
*[http://www.littlemag.com/faith/dilipchitre.html Rape of Gujarat]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slunkhe|first=Vilas|title=The Mystic Drum|publisher=Orient Longman|year=1999|isbn=81-250-1723-2|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>
*[http://www.cerebration.org/bombay.html Ode to Bombay]
*[http://www.littlemag.com/growingup/dilipchitre.html Frescos on Little Mag]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302060827/http://pratilipi.in/2010/01/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B9/ Hindi Translations of some poems at Pratilipi]
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/8354372/poems-from-SHESHA-Selected-Marathi-Poems-19542008 Poems from Shesha]
*[https://www.scribd.com/doc/24689546/Dilip-Chitre-in-Gujarati Gujarati translations of some poems by Hemang Desai]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitre, Dilip}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]
[[Category:Print editors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Marathi-language poets]]
[[Category:English-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:International Writing Program alumni]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gangadhar National Award]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Sayantan Das

2025-10-25T20:42:14Z

ChaseBruns: Enhanced and reorganized content

{{short description|Indian chess grandmaster (born 1997)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox chess biography
| country = India
|title=[[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2023)
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1997|04|08|df=y}}
|birth_place = Kolkata, India
|FideID = 5034426
|peakrating=2516 (April 2023)
}}
'''Sayantan Das''' (born 8 April 1997) is an Indian [[chess]] [[Grandmaster (chess)|grandmaster]].

== Biography ==
He studied at the [[Scottish Church Collegiate School]] in North Kolkata.<ref>{{cite web |date=2009-12-01 |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) &#124; Sports &#124; Sayantan gets top billing |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091201/jsp/sports/story_11804706.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203143501/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091201/jsp/sports/story_11804706.jsp |archive-date=3 February 2013 |accessdate=2010-05-18 |work=The Telegraph|location=India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-12-17 |title=Sayantan Das poised to take title |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/Sayantan-Das-poised-to-take-title/article15596823.ece |access-date=2023-05-19 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He later studied commerce at the [[Scottish Church College]] between 2014 and 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – Commerce Department |url=https://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/UG/Commerce_about.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519155418/https://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/UG/Commerce_about.php |archive-date=2023-05-19 |access-date=2023-05-19 |publisher=Scottish Church College}}</ref> He works at [[Metro Railway, Kolkata|Metro Railway Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-04 |title=GM Metro congratulates latest star of Indian Chess |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/gm-metro-congratulates-latest-star-of-indian-chess/articleshow/99990425.cms |access-date=2023-05-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sayantan Das becomes India's 81st Grandmaster |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/sports/sayantan-das-becomes-indias-81st-grandmaster/cid/1919144 |access-date=2023-05-19 |website=The Telegraph|location=India |language=en}}</ref>

== Chess career ==
He who won the [[World Youth Chess Championship]] (boys) in 2008 which was held at Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web |date=2008-11-04 |title=Sport / Chess : Warm reception for Sayantan Das |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/04/stories/2008110452462000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107082616/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/04/stories/2008110452462000.htm |archive-date=2012-11-07 |accessdate=2010-05-18 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> He is a student at the Goodricke National Chess Academy at Kolkata, which has also produced the present under-10 Asian champion, [[Diptayan Ghosh]].

International Master [[Saptarshi Roy]] has coached him.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tags : kolakta, sports Posted: Fri 31 October 2008, 03:43 hrs |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/young-guns-shine-in-youth-chess/379707/ |title=Young guns shine in youth Chess |work=The Indian Express |date=2008-10-31 |accessdate=2010-05-18}}</ref>

Sayantan Das on 4 July 2014 won maiden grand master norm.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sayantan Das earns maiden Grandmaster norm|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/chess/Sayantan-Das-earns-maiden-Grandmaster-norm/articleshow/37788443.cms|accessdate=8 July 2014|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

He crossed the 2500 Elo rating benchmark in 2023, becoming the 81st grandmaster from India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhaduri |first=Archiman |date=2023-02-27 |title=Sayantan Das's wait ends, becomes GM |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/sayantans-wait-ends-becomes-gm/articleshow/98261205.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-19 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*{{Fide}}
{{Indian GMs}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Das, Sayantan}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:World Youth Chess Champions]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1997 births]]
[[Category:Scottish Church Collegiate School alumni]]
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

{{India-chess-bio-stub}}

Sayantan Das

2025-10-25T20:42:14Z

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Hameeduddin Aquil Husami

2025-09-25T04:05:22Z

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{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar (1928–2010)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| region = India
| era = Modern era
| image =
| caption =
| name = Hameeduddin Husami Aqil
| birth_date = {{birth-date|23 July 1928}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad, India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|3|12|1928|6|23}}
| death_place = Hyderabad, India
| school_tradition =
| main_interests = [[Quranic studies]], [[Islamic law]]
| notable_ideas =
}}
'''Hameeduddin Aquil Husami''' (23{{nbsp}}July 1928{{snd}}12{{nbsp}}March 2010) was an Indian Islamic scholar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/13/stories/2010031366911500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315104206/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/13/stories/2010031366911500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2010|title=Islamic scholar Maulana Aquil passes away|date=13 March 2010|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref> He was a member of the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sify.com/news/eminent-islamic-scholar-moulana-aqil-dead-news-national-kdms4bdfhbj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134747/http://www.sify.com/news/eminent-islamic-scholar-moulana-aqil-dead-news-national-kdms4bdfhbj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2011|title=Eminent Islamic scholar Moulana Aqil dead|date=13 March 2010|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=13 March 2010}}</ref> He was the founder head of Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azam |first=Kousar J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SusrDwAAQBAJ&dq=aqil+Husami&pg=PT121 |title=Languages and Literary Cultures in Hyderabad |date=2017-08-09 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-39399-7 |language=en}}</ref> Chairman of Deeni Madaris Federation and headed the United Muslim Forum, an Umbrella organisation for many Muslim organisations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Maulana Aqil Husami |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/1-community-news/6396-maulana-aqil-husami/ |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=The Milli Gazette — Indian Muslims Leading News Source |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kcYAQAAMAAJ |title=Muslim India |date=2004 |publisher=Muslim India |pages=588 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Husami was born on 23 July 1928 in Hyderabad, India.

== Death ==
He died on 12 March 2010, was suffering from lung illness. His [[Funeral prayer (Islam)|Namaz-e-Janaza]] was prayed at [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makka Masjid, Hyderabad]] and was buried in Hussamia Chaman, an ancestral graveyard of his family.<ref name=":0" />

[[Konijeti Rosaiah|Dr. K. Rosaiah]], the former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, [[Asaduddin Owaisi]], President of [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] and [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]] visited the residence of Husami to pay tribute.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aqil, Hameeduddin}}
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Scholars from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]

Ahmedabad–Kolkata Express

2025-08-21T14:35:04Z

ChaseBruns:

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}{{Infobox rail service
| name = Kolkata-Ahmedabad Weekly Express
| image = File:AhmedabadKolkataExpress.jpg
| caption = Second class coach of Kolkata-Ahmedabad Express standing at Ahmedabad.
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| status =
| locale = [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], and [[Gujarat]]
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2010|10|11}}
| last =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Kolkata railway station|Kolkata]] (KOAA)
| stops = 27
| end = [[Ahmedabad Junction railway station|Ahmedabad]] (ADI)
| distance = {{convert|2089|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 42 hrs 05 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Available
| autorack =
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = Available
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 19413 / 19414
| speed = {{convert|49|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}

The 19413 / 19414 '''Kolkata-Ahmedabad Weekly Express,''' formerly known as '''Sare Jahan se Accha Express,''' is an [[Express trains in India|Indian express train]]. Kolkata Ahmedabad Weekly Express travels from [[Kolkata railway station]] to [[Ahmedabad railway station]], a distance of {{convert|2089|km|abbr=on}} in 42 hours and 05 mins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/21718|title=19413/Ahmedabad-Kolkata Express| website=indianrailinfo.com| access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> The train was the first express train to travel from Chitpur railway station (Kolkata) to Ahmedabad railway station. It is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tughlakabad]] (TKD) [[WAG 9]] locomotive, and then to Ahmedabad Junction (ADI) by a Patratu or Abu Road based [[Indian locomotive class WDM-3A|WDM 3A]].

==History==
The Ahmedabad Kolkata Express initially traveled between Chitpur railway station and Ajmer Junction railway station as a 13 coach train. Later the terminating station was changed to Ahmedabad railway station via Ujjain.
<gallery>
File:Kolkata Station.JPG|Kolkata Terminal
File:Ahmedabad Railway Station main entrance.jpg|Ahmedabad Junction railway station
</gallery>

==Route and halts==
The train run from {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Chopan}}, {{stnlnk|Barkakana Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Dhanbad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Asansol Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Kolkata}}.

The train was rerouted in 2021 and now it goes from {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Chhayapuri}}, {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Sant Hirdaram Nagar}}, {{stnlnk|Chopan}}, {{stnlnk|Barkakana Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Dhanbad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Asansol Junction}} to {{stnlnk|Kolkata}}.

===Direction reversal===
The train used to reverse its directions 5 times at {{stnlnk|Ajmer Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Ratlam Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Chopan}} and {{stnlnk|Barkakana Junction}}. It had the highest number of direction reversals in [[India]]. The new route reversed direction twice, at {{stnlnk|Chopan}} and {{stnlnk|Barkakana Junction}}.

==Service==
The trains have normal priority on the Indian railway network. They offer four classes of service: Second Class AC 2-tier (bays of 4 berths + 2 berth on the side) with open system berth, Second Class AC 3-tier (bays of 6 berths + 2 berths on the side) with open system berth and Second class 3 tier sleeper (bays of 6 berths + 2 berths on the side). Generally it has 2 AC 2-Tiers, up to 5 AC 3-Tiers ( both of which may be increased according to demand). It has no pantry car, 7 Sleeper Class + 4 UR (Unreserved) + 1 SLR (Second-Class Sitting Cum Luggage Rake) + 1 EOG (End on Generation)

The train covers a distance of {{convert|2089|km|abbr=on}} in 42 hrs 05 minutes.
* {{Cite web |last=Aryan |title=09413/Sare Jahan Se Achchha Special - Ahmedabad to Kolkata WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-sare-jahan-se-achchha-special-09413/143343/60/7037 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}
* {{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Anubad |title=09414/Sare Jahan Se Achchha Special - Kolkata to Ahmedabad WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-sare-jahan-se-achchha-special-09414/143357/7037/60 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}

==Coach composition==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| Loco
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 1
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 2
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 3
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 4
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 5
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 6
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 7
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 8
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 9
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 10
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 11
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 12
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 13
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 14
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 15
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 16
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 17
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 18
!scope="col" rowspan="1" style="background:lightskyblue;"| 19
!scope="col" rowspan="1"
style="background:lightskyblue;"| 20
!scope="col" rowspan="1"
style="background:lightskyblue;"| style="background:lightskyblue;"| BRKA
|-
|[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]] ||EOG||A1||A2||B1||B2||B3||B4||B5||S1||S2||S3||S4||S5||S6||S7||UR||UR||UR||UR||SLRD||[[File:BSicon LDER.svg|25px]]
|}

==See also==

*[[Express trains in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmedabad - Kolkata Sare Jahan Se Achchha Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Transport in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]

Salem division

2025-08-02T00:26:19Z

ChaseBruns: small fix

{{Short description|Revenue division in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}'''Salem division''' is a revenue division in the [[Salem district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

== References ==
* {{cite web|title=Map of Revenue divisions of Salem district|url=http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/default.htm?rev_div.php%3Fdcode=08|access-date=1 September 2011|archive-date=15 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415012027/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/default.htm?rev_div.php%3Fdcode=08|url-status=dead}}

{{Salem district}}

[[Category:Revenue blocks in Salem district]]

{{TamilNadu-stub}}
{{India-gov-stub}}

Premshankar Verma

2025-06-10T16:58:08Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Seoni-Malwa Assembly constituency|Seoni-Malwa]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Sartaj Singh (politician)|Sartaj Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Premshankar Kunjilal Verma''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Seoni-Malwa Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seoni Malwa Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Seoni Malwa Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/seoni-malwa-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Seoni-Malwa Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Premshankar Kunjilal Verma wins Seoni-Malwa with 103882 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/seoni-malwa-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470505-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunjilal Verma, Premshankar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Patuli, Nadia

2025-05-20T01:04:45Z

ChaseBruns: Updated article with clearer structure

{{other uses|Patuli (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Patuli
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.3020|N|88.5155|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.5369
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6441
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741121
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 03473
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Ranaghat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ranaghat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Krishnaganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnaganj]]
| website = {{URL|http://nadia.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Patuli''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Hanskhali (community development block)|Hanskhali]] [[Community development block|CD block]] in the [[Ranaghat subdivision]] of the [[Nadia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=400| height=250| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|14|0|N|88|32|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Ranaghat subdivision of Nadia district''' M: municipal town/ city/notified area, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|13|53|N|88|23|15|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Nrisinghapur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Nrisinghapur]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|14|0|N|88|25|0|E}} | label-pos2=bottom|label2=Ghoralia | numbered2=CT| mark-title2= [[Ghoralia]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|15|15|N|88|28|52|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Harinadibhastsala | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Harinadibhastsala]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|13|50|N|88|28|7|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Beharia | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Beharia, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|12|5|N|88|30|22|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Phulia | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Phulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|20|40|N|88|38|38|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Bagula | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Bagula]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|18|45|N|88|31|48|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Badkulla | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Badkulla]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|18|50|N|88|30|55|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Patuli | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= Patuli, Nadia (CT)|shape-color8=black| label-size8=13|label-color8=black 
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|17|20|N|88|31|47|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9= Gangni | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Gangni]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|13|50|N|88|33|20|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Kamgachhi | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Kamgachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|12|55|N|88|33|40|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Raghabpur | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Raghabpur, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|12|0|N|88|32|18|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Panpara | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Panpara]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|11|15|N|88|33|32|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Aistala | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Aistala]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|8|55|N|88|33|2|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Satigachha | numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Satigachha]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|8|15|N|88|33|6|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15= Anulia | numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Anulia]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|6|55|N|88|32|44|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Gopalpur | numbered16=CT| mark-title16= [[Gopalpur, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|6|10|N|88|33|20|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Parbbatipur | numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[Parbbatipur]] (CT)
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|12|45|N|88|35|18|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Halalpur Krishnapur | numbered18=CT| mark-title18= [[Halalpur Krishnapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|11|15|N|88|35|0|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Hijuli | numbered19=CT| mark-title19= [[Hijuli, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|9|40|N|88|34|44|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Ranaghat (CT) | numbered20=CT| mark-title20= [[Ranaghat (CT)]] (CT)
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|8|5|N|88|34|24|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Nasra | numbered21=CT| mark-title21= [[Nasra, Ranaghat]] (CT)
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|7|51|N|88|38|38|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Gangnapur | numbered22=CT| mark-title22= [[Gangnapur]] (CT)
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|5|50|N|88|31|45|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= Belgharia | numbered23=CT| mark-title23= [[Belgharia, Nadia]] (CT)
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|10|30|N|88|31|40|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Ranaghat |label-size24=13 | numbered24=M| mark-title24= [[Ranaghat]] (M)|label-color24=#800000
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|16|4|N|88|26|13|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Shantipur |label-size25=13 | numbered25=M| mark-title25= [[Shantipur]] (M)|label-color25=#800000
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|15|25|N|88|33|29|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Birnagar |label-size26=13 | numbered26=M| mark-title26= [[Birnagar]] (M)|label-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|8|50|N|88|35|21|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Cooper's Camp |label-size27=11 | numbered27=M| mark-title27= [[Cooper's Camp]] (M)|label-color27=#800000
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|16|25|N|88|32|8|E}} | label-pos28=right|label28= Taherpur |label-size28=11 | numbered28=M| mark-title28= [[Taherpur]] (M)|label-color28=#800000
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|13|34|N|88|40|30|E}} | label-pos29=right|label29= Panikhali| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Panikhali]] (R)| shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|14|34|N|88|36|17|E}} | label-pos30=right|label30= Aranghata| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Aranghata]] (R)| shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|23|14|44|N|88|42|21|E}} | label-pos31=top|label31= Duttapulia| numbered31=R| mark-title31= [[Duttapulia]] (R)| shape-color31=#C40000
|mark-coord32={{coord|23|22|3|N|88|36|4|E}} | label-pos32=left|label32= Hanskhali| numbered32=R| mark-title32= [[Hanskhali]] (R)| shape-color32=#C40000
|mark-coord33={{coord|23|9|45|N|88|30|38|E}} | label-pos33=left|label33= Habibpur| numbered33=R| mark-title33= [[Habibpur, Nadia]] (R)| shape-color33=#C40000
|mark-coord34={{coord|23|11|58|N|88|37|50|E}} | label-pos34=right|label34= Dhantala| numbered34=R| mark-title34= [[Dhantala]] (R)| shape-color34=#C40000
|mark-coord35={{coord|23|10|27|N|88|35|48|E}} | label-pos35=right|label35= Nokari| numbered35=R| mark-title35= [[Nokari]] (R)| shape-color35=#C40000
|mark-coord36={{coord|23|6|50|N|88|31|25|E}} | label-pos36=left|label36= Payradanga| numbered36=R| mark-title36= [[Payradanga]] (R)| shape-color36=#C40000
|mark-coord37={{coord|23|18|0|N|88|21|0|E}}|label37= Bhagirathi| labela37=River|label-color37 = #77A1CB| label-angle37=-75| label-pos37=top| label-size37=11| mark-size37=0| mark-title37=none
|mark-coord38={{coord|23|19|40|N|88|35|0|E}}|label38= Churni |labela38 = River| label-color38 = #77A1CB| label-angle38=-65| label-pos38=top| label-size38=11| mark-size38=0| mark-title38=none
|arc-coordA={{coord|23|22|30|N|88|46|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=3.0| arc-radiusA=0.35}}

===Location===
Patuli is located at {{coord|23.3020|N|88.5155|E|display=inline}}.

The map of Hanskhali CD block, in the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia'', shows [[Badkulla]] and Patuli as adjacent census towns.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Map of Hanskhali CD block, page 397| publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of [[Hooghly River]], locally known as Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.<ref>Gangopadhyay, Basudev, ''Paschimbanga Parichay'', 2001, {{in lang|bn}}, p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad</ref> The Ranaghat subdivision has the [[Hooghly River|Bhagirathi]] on the west, with [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]] and [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] districts lying across the river. Topographically, Ranaghat subdivision is spread across the Krishnanagar-Santipur Plain, which occupies the central part of the district, and the Ranaghat-Chakdaha Plain, the low-lying area found in the south-eastern part of the district. The [[Churni River|Churni]] separates the two plains. A portion of the east forms the boundary with [[Bangladesh]]. The lower portion of the east is covered by a portion of the [[North 24 Parganas district]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 13,14 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 16 October 2020}}</ref> The subdivision has achieved reasonably high urbanisation. 41.68% of the population lives in urban areas and 58.32% lives in rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 16 October 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. All the four subdivisions are presented with maps on the same scale – the size of the maps vary as per the area of the subdivision.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Patuli had a total population of 6,441, of which 3,298 (51%) were males and 3,143 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 503. The total number of literate persons in Patuli was 5095 (85.80% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 8 October 2020}}</ref>

The following municipality, notified area, outgrowths and census towns were part of Shantipur Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: [[Shantipur]] (M), [[Taherpur]] (NA), Taherpur (OG), Barasat (OG), Bhaduri (OG), Mahisdanga (OG), [[Phulia]] (CT), Patuli (CT), [[Badkulla]] (CT), [[Ghoralia]] (CT), [[Beharia, Nadia|Beharia]] and [[Gangni]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 18 October 2020}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook 2011, Nadia'', Patuli covered an area of 1.5369 km2. Among the civic amenities, the protected water supply involved tap water from untreated sources, tube well, borewell. It had 626 domestic electric connections. Among the medical facilities, the nearest hospital was 9 km away. Among the educational facilities it had 1 primary school, other school facilities were 1 km away. It had 1 non-formal education centre (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan). Three important items it produced were paddy, wheat, jute.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook Nadia, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 635-656; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 635; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 641; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 643; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 646; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 655; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 2833 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 30 September 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Nadia District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Nadia district]]

Ashtapadi

2025-05-12T15:04:57Z

ChaseBruns: quick expand intro for accuracy and corrected details

{{Short description|Sanskrit hymns}}
{{About||the 1983 film|Ashtapadi (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
[[File:Ashtapadi_1.ogg|250px|thumb|right|Ashtapadi]]

'''''Ashtapadis''''' or '''''Ashtapadi''''' refers to the [[Sanskrit]] hymns of the ''[[Gita Govinda]]'', composed by [[Jayadeva]] in the 12th century. The ''ashtapadis'', which describe the beauty of Lord [[Krishna]] and the love between Krishna and the ''[[gopi]]s'', are considered a masterpiece in esoteric spirituality and the theme of 'Divine romance'. The literal meaning of ''ashtapathi'', 'eight-steps', refers to the fact that each hymn is made of eight couplets (eight sets of two lines). It is also the source of the word ''[[ashtāpada]]'', an Indian [[board game]], the forerunner of [[chess]]. Although the original tunes of the ''ashtapadis'' were lost in history, they remain popular and are widely sung in a variety of tunes, and used in classical dance performances, across India. Ashtapadis are regularly performed at Kerala temples in the accompaniment of an ''[[idakka]];'' a genre of music called ''[[Sopana Sangeetham|sopana sangeetham]].''

The lyrical poetry of the ''Gita Govinda'' is divided into twelve chapters, each of which is sub-divided into twenty four divisions called ''Prabandha''. The ''Prabandhas'' contain couplets grouped into eights, called ''ashtapadis''.
*[[Melody type]]
*[[Rasa (aesthetics)]]
*[[Works of Jayadeva]]

== List of Ashtapadis==
Today, the ashtapadis are sung in a variety of tunes and the list below is just a sample of some of the raga scales used. The original tunes of the ashtapadis are unknown and likely lost in history.<ref>'South Indian Music', Prof.Sambamoorthy</ref>

* 1. pralaya payodhi jale (jaya jagadisha hare) - Sowrashtram
* 2. shrita kamalā kucha-mandala (jaya jaya deva hare) - [[Bhairavi (Carnatic)|Bhairavi]]
* 3. lalita lavanga-latā parishilana (viharati harir-iha) - Huseni / [[Vasantha (raga)|Vasantha]]
* 4. chandana charchita nila kalevara - [[Kamavardhini]]
* 5. sancharad-adhara sudhā madhura (rāse harim-iha) - [[Hanumatodi|Thodi]]
* 6. nibhruta nikunja gruham - [[Kambhoji]]
* 7. mām iyam chalitā vilokya - [[Bhupalam]]
* 8. nindati chandanam indu-kirañam (sā virahe tava dinā) - Sowrashtram/[[Dwijavanthi]]/[[Darbari Kanada]]
* 9. stana-vinihitam api hāram udāram - [[Bilahari]]
*10. vahati malaya samire (tava virahe vanamāli) - [[Anandabhairavi]]
*11. rati-sukha-sāre gatam abhisāre (dhira samire yamunā tire) - [[Kedaragowla]] or Pahadi
*12. pashyati dishi dishi (nātha hare) - [[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Sankarabharanam]]
*13. kathita samayepi - [[Ahiri]]
*14. smara-samaro-chita virachita veshā - Saranga
*15. samudita madane ramañi vadane - [[Saveri]]
*16. anila tarala kuvalaya nayanena - [[Punnagavarali]]/Vishwapriya/Shuddha Saranga
*17. rajani janita guru-jāgara (yāhi mādhava yāhi keshava mā vada) - [[Arabhi]]
*18. harir-abhisarati vahati - [[Yadukulakamboji]]
*19. vadasi yadi kinchid-api (priye chārushile muncha) - [[Mukhaari]]
*20. virachita chātu-vachana rachanam - [[Kalyani (raga)|Kalyani]]
*21. manju-tara kunja tala keli sadane (vilasa) - Ghanta
*22. rādhā vadana vilokana - [[Madhyamavati]]
*23. kishalaya shayana tale - Nadhanamakriya
*24. kuru yadu-nandana (nijagāda sā) - [[Surutti]]/[[Chakravakam (raga)|Chakravakam]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|India|Music|Poetry}}
* [http://www.odia.org www.odia.org Oriya (Odia) Gita Govinda]
* http://www.sangeetasudha.org/jayadeva/index.html
* https://gitagovinda.wordpress.com/
* [http://legendsinmusic.ucoz.com/index/jayadeva_ashtapadis/0-176 lyrics of ashtapathi]
* [https://carnatic-circle.com/jayadeva-ashtapadhi/ Jayadeva Ashtapathi/Geetha Govindam Lyrics in Carnatic/Bhajanais]

[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Jayadeva]]

{{india-music-stub}}

[[lt:Gitagovinda]]

Mahudi

2025-02-07T10:31:45Z

ChaseBruns:

{{Multiple issues|
{{Single source|date=February 2021}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mahudi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = gu
| other_name = Madhupuri
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Mahudi Temple.jpg
| image_caption = [[Mahudi Jain Temple]]
| pushpin_map = India Gujarat#India3
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Gujarat, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|29|N|72|47|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gandhinagar district]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| leader_title = Nagarpati
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 385855
| registration_plate = starting with GJ 18
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| official_name =
}}

'''Mahudi''' is a town in Mansa taluka of [[Gandhinagar district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]] situated on the banks of Madhumati river, a tributary of [[Sabarmati River]]. It is a pilgrimage centre of [[Jainism|Jains]] and other communities visiting the temple of Jain deity, [[Ghantakarna Mahavir]] and [[Padmaprabhu]] Jain Temple. It used to be known as '''Madhupuri'''.<ref name=kc>{{cite news
| last = Dave
| first = Pranav
| date = 2013-11-02
| title = Kali Chaudas havan revered by all faiths
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Kali-Chaudas-havan-revered-by-all-faiths/articleshow/25078317.cms
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Ahmedabad
| publisher = timesofindia.com
| access-date = 2013-11-02
}}</ref>

==Mahudi Jain temple==
{{Main|Mahudi Jain Temple}}

Mahudi Jain Temple was established by Jain monk, [[Buddhisagar Suri]]<ref name=kc/> in 1917 CE (Magshar Sudi 6, ''[[Vikram Samvat]]'' 1974). There is an inscription in the Brahmi script of it. The foundation stone was laid in 1916 CE on land donated by Vadilal Kalidas Vora. He along with Punamchand Lallubhai Shah, Kankkuchand Narsidas Mehta and Himmatlal Hakamchand Mehta became trustees of trust established to manage the temple. The 22-inch marble idol of [[Padmaprabh]] as a central deity was installed. The separate shrine dedicated to protector deity, [[Ghantakarna Mahavir]] was also established. Guru Mandir, a shrine dedicated to Buddhisagar Suri was established later.

Devotees offer ''[[Sukhdi|sukhadi]]'', a sweet to Ghantakarna Mahavir. After offering, it is consumed by devotees within the temple complex.<ref name=kc/>

===Important event===
Every year, on ''[[Kali Chaudas]]'' (the fourteenth day of the dark half of the month of Aso), thousands of devotees visit the temple to attend a religious ceremony, ''[[Havan]]''.<ref name=kc/>

==Other places ==
* Kotyrak Khadayata temple is dedicated to [[Krishna]] and is [[kuldevta]] of [[Khadayata]] community.
* Padma Pyramid Centre is another Jain temple nearby in shape of [[pyramid]].

==See also==
*[[Vijapur]]
*[[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Gandhinagar district}}
{{Jainism topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Gandhinagar district]]
[[Category:Jain temples in Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Jain temples]]