Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

List of Indian Bengali films of 1987

2026-05-08T10:12:29Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Made redirect

#REDIRECT [[List of Indian Bengali films of the 1980s]]{{Redirect category shell|{{R from merge}}{{R from history}}}}

Chunilal Mehta

2026-05-06T17:33:22Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started entry

{{Short description|Industrialist and legislator in British India}}
{{morefootnotes|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}

'''Sir Chunilal Mehta''' was an industrialist and legislator in [[British Raj|British India]]. He was the owner of the Century Mills and served as a minister in the [[Bombay Presidency]].

==Early life==
Chunilal Mehta was born to Vijbhukhandas Atmaram who belonged to the Modh Vaniya community of Surat. He was the eldest of four siblings, the others being Mangaldas, Ranchordas, and Motiben.<ref name="Krishnamurti">{{cite book |last1=Mangaldas |first1=Devyani |title=Walking with Krishnamurti - The Life and Letters of Nandini Mehta |date=2018 |isbn=9781644298855 |page=34 |url=https://www.krishnamurtis-welt.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Walking-with-Krishnamurti_E-Book.pdf}}</ref>

Vijbhukhandas Atmaram Mehta came to Bombay in the mid-1800s and rose to become the owner of Century Mills. He adopted his brother's son, [[Purshotamdas Thakurdas]] who also became an industrialist.

Chunilal inherited the Century Mills from his father. He was also a director in many Tata companies. Sir Chunilal was married to Taraben and had children Kusum, Ratan, Champavati, Bhagvandas, Lily, Jaya, and Prahlad.

Sir Chunilal's daughter Kusum married [[Sir Harilal Kania]], the first Chief Justice of India and another daughter Champavati married prominent doctor [[Shantilal Jamnadas Mehta]].

== Career ==
Sir Chunilal Mehta became a member of the Bombay Legislative Council<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514110639/https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/greater_bombay/history.html |archive-date=14 May 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024}}</ref> and was appointed as a Minister of Forest, Excise & Agriculture under the system of [[Diarchy in Bombay Presidency]] in 1921. He later became a member of the Governor's Executive Council and held the portfolios of Revenue (1923–1925) and Finance (1926–1928).

Sir Chunilal was a leader of the [[Indian Merchants' Chamber]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.imcnet.org/our-leaders | title=Our Leaders }}</ref> and also the Chancellor of the [[SNDT Women's University]] from 1926 to 1932.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sndt.ac.in/statutory-officers/formerchancellor | title=Former Honorable Chancellors | SNDT Women's University | access-date=14 May 2024 | archive-date=6 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706080114/https://www.sndt.ac.in/statutory-officers/formerchancellor | url-status=live }}</ref> He was amongst the first Indians to be given membership of the [[Willingdon Sports Club]] and the [[Cricket Club of India]].<ref name="Krishnamurti" /> He was the Vice President of the Bombay Cricket Association from 1935 to 1937.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/past_vicepresident.php | title=MCA :: Mumbai Cricket Association}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehta, Chunilal}}
[[Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople]]

[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Industrialists from British India]]
[[Category:Members of the Bombay Legislative Council]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

{{India-politician-stub}}
{{India-business-bio-stub}}

Dih (archaeology)

2026-05-06T03:06:50Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started a post

{{Short description|Heritage mounds or elevated sites in Mithila}}

'''Dih''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: डीह) generally refers to historical mounds or elevated sites that often hold archaeological significance in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. These sites can represent the remnants of ancient settlements, structures, or religious places. They are important for understanding the historical and cultural heritage of the Mithila region. The major ''dihas'' in the region are attributed to the prominent historical personalities of Mithila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=कुमारिल भट्ट डीह को मिलेगा पर्यटन केंद्र का दर्जा - Kumaril Bhatt Dih will get tourism center status - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-kumaril-bhatt-dih-will-get-tourism-center-status-19846807.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=डीएम ने विद्यापति डीह का किया निरीक्षण - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-dm-inspires-vidyapati-dah-17535405.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मिथिला की पावन भूमि है अयाची मिश्र डीह - Ayachi Mishra deh is the holy land of Mithila - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-ayachi-mishra-deh-is-the-holy-land-of-mithila-19562764.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=मिथिला आदिकाल से संत-महात्माओं की धरती - The land of saints and mahatmas since Mithila - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-the-land-of-saints-and-mahatmas-since-mithila-19698428.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Dih is a Maithili word derived from another Maithili word ''Dihi''. The literal meaning of the term ''Dihi'' is earliest original ancestor or founder of a village.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nāgārjuna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRQOAAAAMAAJ |title=Pāro |date=1975 |publisher=Sambhāvanā Prakāśana |pages=23 |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly the literal meaning of the term ''Dih'' signifies the place where the original ancestor or a prominent personality of the village may had lived. Sometimes it also signifies the worship place where the folk deity ''Gram Devata'' or ''[[Brahma Sthan|Brahm Baba]]'' or ''Dihavar Baba'' of the village is established.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-27 |title=बिहार के लोक देवताओं के बारे में आप कितना जानते हैं? |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india/2016/06/160627_bihar_folk_deities_tk |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Description ==
Dih in Mithila signifies a location of historical and archaeological importance, often marked by mounds that hold clues to the region's past history. In the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent, there are several historical, archaeological, religious, educational and cultural Dihas in the villages or towns of the region. The famous dihas in the region are [[Banauli Vidyapati Dih]], [[Bisfi Vidyapati Dih]], [[Ayachi Mishra Dih]], [[Vachaspati Mishra Dih]] and [[Kumarila Bhatta Dih|Kumarila Bhatt Dih]], etc.

Similarly at [[Uchhaith|Uchchaith]] village in the Madhubani district, there is a historical and educational Dih known as [[Kalidas Dih]]. It is related to the Sanskrit scholar [[Kalidasa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=बिहार के मधुबनी में महाकवि कालिदास को मां भगवती से मिला था ज्ञान का वरदान - Mahakavi Kalidas got the gift of knowledge from mother Bhagwati in Madhubani of Bihar |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-mahakavi-kalidas-got-the-gift-of-knowledge-from-mother-bhagwati-in-madhubani-of-bihar-21384782.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> The other famous dih is [[Musaharniya Dih]] at ''Paston Navtoli'' Village which has archeological evidence that it may have been a Buddhist Mahavihara, or the ruins of a royal palace in Mithila. The other dihas in the Madhubani district of the Mithila region are [[Parjuar Dih|Parjuar dih]], Garokhar Dih, Satlakha Dih, Rahika Dih, Malangiya Dih, Kanail Dih, Serma Dih, Basuara Dih, [[Viratpur|Biratpur]] Dih, Hathiya Dih, Teliya Dih, Raghunathpur Dih, Bhagwatipur Dih, Manserpur Dih, [[Bisaul|Vishaul]] Dih, Jiraul Dih, Loha Dih, Sakradhi Dih, Usarahi Dih, Bherba Dih, Sasnma Dih, Chhachhua Dih, Usauthu Dih, Koria Dih, Khoir Dih, Bharchaura Dih, Raghuni Dehat Dih, Kusahi Dih, Balaha Dih, Ekamma Dih, Chataila Dih, [[Padma Village|Dharharha Dih]], Harhi Dih, Jalpayi Dih, Gadhauli Dih, Jamdhar Dih, Sukhet Dih, Wali Dih, Pali Dih, Sugauta Dih, Pauam Dih, Devpura Dih, Kapsiya Dih, Narhi Dih, and Akaur Dih, etc. These dihas had been recognised and explored by the archeological research institute named as [[Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute]] in [[Patna]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Archaeological Explorations - District- Madhubani Block |url=https://kpjri.res.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Madhubani.pdf |journal=KP Jayaswal Research Institute, Patna}}</ref>

In the [[Bhagalpur district]] of the region, the major dihas are ''Kurudih'', ''Kurpatdih'', ''Shivaydih'', ''Goradih'', ''Swarupchak Dih'', ''Saur Dih'', ''Brahmachari Dih'', ''Banokhar Dih'', and ''Sanokhar Dih'', etc. All the villages in which they are located are the namesakes of these dihas respectively. In all these villages there is a mound spread over an area of 50 to 300 acres. According to the archaeologist ''Arvind Sinha Rai'', these dih-namesake villages are centuries old and some civilizations are buried beneath the mounds of these dihas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=यहां हर डीह के नीचे दफन है एक सभ्यता - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhagalpur-dih-dih-16035009.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

The [[Udayanacharya Dih]] at [[Kariyan]] village is the famous dih in the [[Samastipur district]]. It was the location of residence as well as academy of the eminent Indian philosopher [[Udayana|Udayanacharya]]. The mound is 20 feet high from the ground and spread over an area of 96 acres. After excavation, some antiquities of the 2nd century BC have been unearthed. Similarly, objects dating from the 6th century AD to after 1200 AD have been also found at the site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kariyan |url=https://samastipur.nic.in/tourist-place/kariyan/ |website=Government of Bihar}}</ref> ''Waini Dih'' is another important dih within the district, at the historical village [[Oini]]. It was the first capital of the [[Oiniwar dynasty|Oiniwar Dynasty]] in Mithila. There are ruins of the fort of the capital covered by bushes and trees.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=Hindustan Special: जहां कभी सजता था राजा शिव का दरबार, अब सन्नाटे के सिवाय कुछ नहीं |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/story-hindustan-special-now-nothing-but-silence-where-king-shiva-darbar-used-to-held-with-poet-vidyapati-8400342.html |access-date=2026-01-14 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Tell (archaeology)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Types of monuments and memorials]]
[[Category:History of the Mithila region]]
[[Category:Culture of Mithila]]

A. Bannari

2026-05-06T01:46:01Z

Chardhamyatrahotels:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = A. Bannari
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end = 6 May 2026
| constituency = [[Bhavanisagar Assembly constituency|Bhavanisagar]]
| predecessor = S. Eswaran
| successor = [[V. P. Tamilselvi]]
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|05|12}}
| occupation = Politician
| father = Ammavasai
}}
'''A. Bannari''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A.Bannari(AIADMK):Constituency- BHAVANISAGAR (SC)(ERODE) - Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://myneta.info/TamilNadu2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=876|access-date=2021-05-10|website=myneta.info}}</ref> He is a member of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] party. He was elected as a member of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhavanisagar (state assembly constituency)|Bhavanisagar]] Constituency in May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-02|title=Bhavanisagar Election Result 2021 Live Updates: A Bannari of AIADMK Wins|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/bhavanisagar-election-result-2021-live-updates-bhavanisagar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3696989.html|access-date=2021-05-10|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Bannari Election Results 2021: News, Votes, Results of Tamil-nadu Assembly|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu-assembly-election-candidates-list-2021/a-bannari-22107-1|access-date=2021-05-10|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Bhavanisagar Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Bhavanisagar Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bannari, A}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Sibsagar University

2026-05-06T01:28:08Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[List of institutions of higher education in Assam#State universities]]

{{Rcat shell|
{{R to related topic}}
}}

2023 Dantewada bombing

2026-05-05T17:58:14Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: article

{{Short description|2023 terrorist attack}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2023 Dantewada bombing
| partof = the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
| image =
| caption = Security personnel at the site after at least 10 police personnel and a driver were killed in a blast carried out by Maoists in Chhattisgarh’s Dantewada
| date = 26 April 2023
| place = Aranpur, [[Dantewada district]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| coordinates =
| territory =
| result = Maoist attack successful
| combatant1 = [[Chhattisgarh Police]]
| combatant2 = [[File:South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg|25px]] [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]
| commander1 =
| commander2 =
| strength1 = 10 policemen and their driver
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = 10 policemen and a civilian driver killed
| casualties2 = Unknown
| notes =
}}
{{Campaignbox Naxalite insurgency}}
On 26 April 2023, a blast took place in the Indian state of [[Chhattisgarh]]'s [[Dantewada district]]. While they were returning from an anti-Maoist operation undertaken based on intelligence inputs, a party of ten policemen and their driver who were members of the [[District Reserve Guard]] (DRG) of [[Chhattisgarh Police]] were killed in a blast caused by an [[improvised explosive device]] (IED) detonated by [[Naxals]]. The incident happened in the [[Dantewada]] neighborhood of the [[Aranpur]] police station.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ten-police-personnel-driver-killed-in-blast-by-maoists-in-chhattisgarhs-dantewada-3980986|title=10 Cops, Driver Killed In Blast By Maoists In Chhattisgarh's Dantewada|website=NDTV.com|first=Anurag|last=Dwary|editor-first=Divyanshu Dutta|editor-last=Roy|date=26 April 2023|accessdate=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enewsinsight.com/chhattisgarh-ied-blast-kills-10-jawans-driver-in-dantewada/|title=Chhattisgarh: IED blast kills 10 Jawans, Driver in Dantewada|first=Sagarika|last=Satapathy|date=26 April 2023}}</ref>

==Background==
For more than 60 years, the [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency|Maoists]], also known as the [[Naxals]], have waged an armed insurrection against the Indian government. They contend that they are fighting for the most vulnerable people, who they claim have been left out of the nation's economic development. Since asserting control over extensive tracts of terrain in central and eastern India, the group has been regarded as the greatest threat to the nation's internal security, creating a so-called "[[red corridor]]." They conduct their operations against the Indian government and army out of dense forests in a covert manner.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dantewada-security-personnel-maoist-ied-blast-in-chhatisgarh-2364885-2023-04-26|title=10 security personnel, driver killed in Maoist IED blast in Chhattisgarh's Dantewada|website=India Today|date=26 April 2023 }}</ref>

==Attack==
After learning that there were Naxalites in the Aranpur neighborhood of Dantewada, the DRG forces went there. They were engaged in a local anti-Maoist operation. The Maoists attacked their vehicle with an IED attack as they were leaving the region. The vehicle's return route had been the one where the explosives had been placed. Ten DRG employees and their driver died as a result of the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2023 |title=10 troopers, 1 driver killed in Maoist attack |url=https://thekashmirwalla.com/10-troopers-1-driver-killed-in-maoist-attack/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426121002/https://thekashmirwalla.com/10-troopers-1-driver-killed-in-maoist-attack/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=26 April 2023 |website=Kashmir Walla}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[Chhattisgarh Chief Minister]] [[Bhupesh Baghel]] responded to the event by sending his sympathies to the victims' families and denouncing the assault. Additionally, he tweeted that the attack on DRG jawans was regrettable and that everyone should show respect for the deceased. Following the attack, Chief Minister [[Bhupesh Baghel]] called Union Home Minister [[Amit Shah]], who assured him of all possible assistance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/amit-shah-chhattisgarh-cm-bhupesh-baghel-dantewada-incident-8577419/|title=Dantewada Maoist attack: Amit Shah assures Chhattisgarh CM Bhupesh Baghel of all central assistance|date=26 April 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Naxalite–Maoist insurgency}}

{{coord missing|Chhattisgarh}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dantewada bombing, 2023}}
[[Category:April 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Maoist) attacks]]
[[Category:2020s in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:April 2023 crimes in Asia]]
[[Category:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 2023]]
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in 2023]]
[[Category:Car and truck bombings in India]]
[[Category:Murder in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:2023 mass murders]]
[[Category:2023 murders in India]]
[[Category:Dantewada district]]
[[Category:21st-century mass murders in India]]

Krishnarayapuram Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T10:43:15Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Page

{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Krishnarayapuram
| type = SLA
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| constituency_no = 136
| map_image = Constitution-Krishnarayapuram.svg
| established = 1967
| district = [[Karur district|Karur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency|Karur]]
| reservation = SC
| mla =[[K. Sivagama Sundari]]
| party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
| latest_election_year = 2021
| electors = 202,994
}}
'''Krishnarayapuram''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Karur district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 136. It comes under [[Karur Lok Sabha constituency]] for national elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm |title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map |website=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=25 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=14 June 2012 }}</ref> It is a Scheduled Caste reserved constituency. Most successful party: ADMK (seven times). It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
=== Madras State ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
!colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[P. Soundrapandian]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|}

=== Tamil Nadu ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
| rowspan=2|[[P. Soundarapandiyan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan=2|[[P. M. Thangavelraj]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]
|-
| [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan=2|[[A. Arivalagan]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[S. Nagarathinam]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[R. Sasikala]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[P. Kamaraj]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
| [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[S. Kamaraj]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| [[M. Geetha]]
|-
| [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| [[K. Sivagama Sundari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|-
|[[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|[[Sathya. M.]]
|
| [[Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam]]
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|53.72}}
{{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|49.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.81}}
{{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|46.33}}
{{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.09}}
{{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|50.35}}
{{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|76.04}}
{{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|40.57}}
{{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|70.40}}
{{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.33}}
{{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|32.59}}
{{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|55.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|48.72}}
}}

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. K. Raja|party=Secular Progressive Alliance|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Dhivya|party=AIADMK-led Alliance|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Sathya|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Sathya. M.]]|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam|votes=|percentage=|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage=}}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202087|change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2021"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web|title=KRISHNARAYAPURAM Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a136|access-date= 9 Aug 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[K. Sivagama Sundari]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=96,540 |percentage=53.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Muthukumar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,915 |percentage=36.12% |change=-13.7 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Ilakiya |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=9,706 |percentage=5.40% |change=+4.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Kathirvel |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=1,946 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Saravanan |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=1,848 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,177 |percentage=0.65% |change=-2.16 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=31,625 |percentage=17.60% |change= -3.35% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,79,725 |percentage=84.40% |change= 1.39% }}
{{Election box rejected|votes=308|percentage=0.17% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,12,937 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 3.89% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2021"/>

===2016===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Geetha |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=83,977 |percentage=49.82% |change=-4.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. K. Aiyyar |party=Puthiya Tamilagam |votes=48,676 |percentage=28.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Sivanantham |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=10,043 |percentage=5.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Naveenkumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,673 |percentage=3.37% |change=+2.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Pagalavan |party=Independent politician |votes=5,153 |percentage=3.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=4,742 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Thavamani |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,024 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Murugan |party=Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi |votes=1,562 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Sathis Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,401 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=L. Elavalagan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,385 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Pandiyan |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=1,327 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=35,301 |percentage=20.94% |change= 6.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,68,559 |percentage=83.01% |change= -3.70% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,03,049 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -4.99% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2011"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Kamaraj]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=83,145 |percentage=54.81% |change=+15.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Kamaraj |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=60,636 |percentage=39.97% |change=-6.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Senthilkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,300 |percentage=1.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Sudhakar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,194 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Ganesan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,093 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Sangan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=832 |percentage=0.55% |change=-0.3 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. Subramaniam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=801 |percentage=0.53% |change=-0.27 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=22,509 |percentage=14.84% |change= 7.75% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,51,699 |percentage=86.71% |change= 8.60% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,74,944 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 8.48% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2011"/>

===2006===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Kamaraj]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=58,394 |percentage=46.33% |change=+9.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sasikala |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=49,460 |percentage=39.24% |change=-15.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Murugan |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=9,728 |percentage=7.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Leelavathi |party=Independent politician |votes=3,903 |percentage=3.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Maruthaveeran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,168 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Sivakami |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,065 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Sivasubramanian |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,009 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,934 |percentage=7.09% |change= -11.45% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,26,049 |percentage=78.11% |change= 12.31% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,61,374 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -8.77% }}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Sasikala |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=64,046 |percentage=55.09% |change=+18.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Periyasamy |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,497 |percentage=36.56% |change=-13.79 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Rajendran |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=4,380 |percentage=3.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Rengasamy |party=Independent politician |votes=2,576 |percentage=2.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=988 |percentage=0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Raju |party=Independent politician |votes=698 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Perumal |party=Thaayaga Makkal Katchi |votes=667 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=21,549 |percentage=18.54% |change= 5.28% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,16,247 |percentage=65.80% |change= -5.33% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,76,754 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 4.75% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1996===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1996"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[S. Nagarathinam]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=57,638 |percentage=50.35% |change=+27.5 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Arivalagan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=42,461 |percentage=37.09% |change=-38.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Thirunavukkarasu |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=6,442 |percentage=5.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. V. Ambalavanan |party=All India Indira Congress (Tiwari) |votes=5,886 |percentage=5.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Ramachandran |party=Independent politician |votes=797 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Poosaimani |party=Janata Party |votes=636 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,177 |percentage=13.26% |change= -39.94% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,14,484 |percentage=71.13% |change= 5.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,70,739 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -25.70% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1996"/>

=== 1991 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Arivalagan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=80,676 |percentage=76.04% |change=+35.47 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Natarajan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,240 |percentage=22.85% |change=-7.78 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=56,436 |percentage=53.19% |change= 43.25% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,06,094 |percentage=65.74% |change= -7.65% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,65,027 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 35.47% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1991"/>

===1989===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1989"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[A. Arivalagan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,574 |percentage=40.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Masimali |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=32,890 |percentage=30.63% |change=+3.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Pushpa |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,017 |percentage=21.43% |change=-48.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Dhanasekaran |party=Independent politician |votes=3,023 |percentage=2.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=V. Palaniappan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,491 |percentage=2.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Soundarapandian |party=Independent politician |votes=1,077 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Rasu |party=Independent politician |votes=615 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,684 |percentage=9.95% |change= -33.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=1,07,392 |percentage=73.39% |change= -0.40% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,49,407 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -29.82% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1989"/>

===1984===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1984"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. M. Thangavelraj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=65,928 |percentage=70.40% |change=+15.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Krishnan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,613 |percentage=27.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Sundaramurthy |party=Independent politician |votes=1,642 |percentage=1.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=40,315 |percentage=43.05% |change= 31.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=93,650 |percentage=73.79% |change= 10.23% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,33,860 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 15.07% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1984"/>

===1980===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1980"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. M. Thangavelraj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=43,623 |percentage=55.33% |change=+23.6 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=O. Rengaraju |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=34,584 |percentage=43.86% |change=+11.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Sannasi |party=Independent politician |votes=640 |percentage=0.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,039 |percentage=11.46% |change= 10.61% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=78,847 |percentage=63.56% |change= 5.54% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,25,588 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 22.74% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1980"/>

===1977===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1977"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Soundarapandian]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=22,561 |percentage=32.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. M. Thangavelraj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,967 |percentage=31.73% |change=-12.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Aruna |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=14,577 |percentage=21.05% |change=-33.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Kalavathy |party=Janata Party |votes=10,130 |percentage=14.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=594 |percentage=0.86% |change= -10.03% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=69,235 |percentage=58.02% |change= -16.04% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,20,967 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -22.45% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1977"/>

===1971===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1971"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Soundarapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,177 |percentage=55.03% |change=+6.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. M. Thangavelraj]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=29,020 |percentage=44.15% |change=-0.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Palaniyandi |party=Independent politician |votes=540 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,157 |percentage=10.89% |change= 6.53% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=65,737 |percentage=74.06% |change= 4.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 94,293 |change = }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 6.31% }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1971"/>

===1967===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1967"/>
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Krishnarayapuram<ref>{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[P. Soundarapandian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=28,444 |percentage=48.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. V. Sannasi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,903 |percentage=44.37% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Palaniyandi |party=Independent politician |votes=2,873 |percentage=4.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Mookan |party=Independent politician |votes=776 |percentage=1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Rayar |party=Independent politician |votes=385 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,541 |percentage=4.35% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=58,381 |percentage=69.96% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 87,834 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 1967"/>

== References ==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|10|56|40|N|78|16|45|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Karur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Madras State]]

Itti Si Khushi

2026-05-05T01:45:30Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: New...

{{Short description|2025 Indian Hindi-language television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| creator = Goldie Behl<br>Sonnal A. Kakar
| writer = Divya Nayyar <br> Amit Aaryan
| director = Vikram Labhe
| screenplay = Timir Baxi
| starring = [[Sumbul Touqeer]]<br> Rajat Verma <br>[[Rishi Saxena]]
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 224 
| producer = Goldie Behl<br>Sabrina Duguet
| cinematography = Sandeep Yadav
| editor =
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = Rose Audio Visual Productions <br> [[All3Media International]]
| network = [[Sony SAB]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|08|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2026|05|16|df=y}}
}}

'''''Itti Si Khushi''''' ({{translation|''A Little Bit of Happiness''}}) is an Indian television [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] series that aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 18 August 2025 to 16 May 2026. Produced by Goldie Behl and Sabrina Duguet under the joint collaboration of [[Goldie Behl|Rose Audio Visual Productions]] and [[All3Media International]], it starred [[Sumbul Touqeer]] and Rajat Verma.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 July 2025|title=Sumbul Touqeer on playing the role of Anvita in ‘Itti Si Khushi’; says ‘She is a quintessential Mumbai girl’|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/sumbul-touqeer-on-playing-the-role-of-anvita-in-itti-si-khushi-says-she-is-a-quintessential-mumbai-girl/articleshow/122222614.cms|access-date=19 August 2025|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> It is the official Hindi adaptation of British series ''[[Shameless (British TV series)|Shameless]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indian Adaptation Of Channel 4's Series Itti Si Khushi Set To Launch On Sony SAB|work=BizAsia Live|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/indian-adaptation-of-channel-4-series-shameless-called-itti-si-khushi-set-for-sony-sab-launch/}}</ref>

==Plot==
Set against the vibrant backdrop of Mumbai, Itti Si Khushi tells the story of Anvita Diwekar, a 21-year-old girl, the eldest of six siblings, who becomes the unexpected anchor of their crumbling home. With a father battling alcoholism and a mother who abandoned them, Anvita becomes the glue that holds her family together, sacrificing her education and setting aside her own aspirations to build a better future for them. What follows is a tender yet raw portrayal of everyday survival, silent sacrifices, and the quiet triumph of love and resilience.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Sumbul Touqeer]] as Anvita "Anvi" Diwekar Verma: Suhas and Hetal's elder daughter; Siddhant, Charu, Chirag and Bunny's sister; Yuvraj's adopted sister; Sanjay's ex-wife; Virat's wife (2025–present)
* Rajat Verma as Virat "Vir" Verma: Rajnath and Urvashi's son; Anvita's second husband (2025–present)
* [[Rishi Saxena]] as [[Inspector]] Sanjay Bhosale: Madhavi's son; Anvita's ex-husband (2025–present)

===Recurring===
* [[Varun Badola]] as Suhas Diwekar: Hetal's husband; Anvita, Siddhant, Charu, Chirag and Bunny's father; Yuvraj's adoptive father (2025–present)
* [[Neha Mehta]] as Hetal Diwekar: Suhas's wife; Anvita, Siddhant, Charu, Chirag and Bunny's mother; Yuvraj's adoptive mother (2025–present)
* Sachin Kavetham as Siddhant "Siddhu" Diwekar: Suhas and Hetal's eldest son; Anvita, Charu, Chirag and Bunny's brother; Yuvraj's adopted brother (2025–present)
* Atharv Padhye as Yuvraj "Bandya" Diwekar: Dhananjay's son; Suhas and Hetal's adopted son; Anvita, Siddhant, Charu, Chirag and Bunny's adopted brother (2025–present)
* Aayesha Vindhara as Charu "Chidiya" Diwekar: Suhas and Hetal's younger daughter; Anvita, Siddhant, Chirag and Bunny's sister; Yuvraj's adopted sister (2025–present)
* Harsh Jha as Chirag "Chiku" Diwekar: Suhas and Hetal's second son; Anvita, Siddhant, Charu and Bunny's brother; Yuvraj's adopted brother (2025–present)
* Saiyansh Gupta as Bunny "Bunty" Diwekar: Suhas and Hetal's youngest son; Anvita, Siddhant, Charu and Chirag's brother; Yuvraj's adopted brother (2025–present)
* Farukh Saeed as Rajnath Verma: Urvashi's husband; Virat's father (2025–present)
* [[Pyumori Mehta Ghosh]] as Urvashi Verma: Rajnath's wife; Virat's mother (2025–present)
* Utkarsha Naik as Madhavi Bhosale: Sanjay's mother (2025–present)
* Vinayak Bhave as Mr. Mehta: Nandita's husband; Suhani's father (2025)
* Gauri Tonk as Nandita Mehta: Mr. Mehta's wife; Suhani's mother (2025)
* Dhritika Singh as Suhani Mehta: Mr. Mehta and Nandita's daughter; Siddhant's crush (2025)
* Meghna Kukreja as Diya Fernandes Irani: Phoebe's daughter; Avnita's friend; Percy's wife (2025-present)
* [[Meherzan Mazda]] as Percy Irani: Anvita and Sanjay's childhood friend; Diya's husband (2025–present)
* Ritu Vashisht as Phoebe Fernandes: Diya's mother (2025)
* [[Amit Dolawat]] as Raghu: Kim's husband; Yuvraj's boss (2025)
* [[Garima Jain]] as Kim: Raghu's wife; Yuvraj's crush (2025)
* Garima Kaushal as Dhruvi: Anvita and Diya's friend; Virat's lover (2025–2026)
* [[Suhasini Mulay]] as Surekha Ajji (2025)
* Ankur Jain as Principal (2025–present)
* [[Shalini Chandran]] as Advocate Leena Dharmadhikari (2025–present)
* Manikssh Dutt as Dhananjay Mehta: Yuvraj father (2026)
* [[Susheel Parashar]] as Yashwant Suri (2026)
* Shimlaa Bishnoi as Preeti Suri (2026)
* [[Bhumika Gurung]] as Sara Sethi: Anvita's boss; Yash's widow and murderer (2026–present)
* [[Manish Khanna]] as Yash Sethi: A businessman; Sara's husband (2026)
* [[Guru Haryani]] as Vishwanath, Sooraj's Father;

==Production==
===Casting===
Sumbul Touqeer was roped in to play the female lead Anvita Diwekar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sumbul Touqeer to play 21 year old parenting her siblings in new show “Itti Si Khushi|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/sumbul-touqeer-khan-to-play-21-year-old-parenting-her-siblings-in-new-show-itti-si-khushi-101751454098318-amp.html}}</ref> [[Varun Badola]] was cast as Suhas Diwekar, after a six year television hiatus.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mazumdar|first=
Shreyanka|date=8 July 2025|title=Varun Badola Is Returning To Small Screen With Itti Si Khushi After 5 Years|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/varun-badola-is-returning-to-small-screen-with-itti-si-khushi-after-5-years-ws-l-aa-9428153.html|access-date=19 August 2025|work=[[News18]]|language=en}}</ref> On 1 July 2025, Rajat Verma was confirmed to play main lead opposite Sumbul.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=15 July 2025|title=Rajat Verma joins the cast of ‘Itti Si Khushi’ as Virat Verma; says ‘It is a special kind of story’|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rajat-verma-joins-the-cast-of-itti-si-khushi-as-virat-says-it-is-a-special-kind-of-story/articleshow/122495763.cms|access-date=19 August 2025|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Gauri Tonk was selected to play Nandita Mehta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=31 July 2025|title=Exclusive - Gauri Tonnk on joining the cast of Itti Si Khushi: I was drawn to its simplicity and emotional richness|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/exclusive-gouri-tonnk-joins-cast-of-sumbul-touqeer-starrer-itti-si-khushi-23587353|access-date=19 August 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Crossover==
It had a crossover with ''[[Pushpa Impossible]]'' from 24 September 2025 to 26 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-26 |title=Itti Si Khushi’s Anvita and Pushpa Impossible’s Pushpa’s paths cross; come together for Mahasangam episode |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/itti-si-khushis-anvita-and-pushpa-impossibles-pushpas-paths-cross-come-together-for-mahasangam-episode/articleshow/124161685.cms |access-date=2025-09-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Shameless|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2020s comedy-drama television series]]
[[Category:2020s romantic comedy television series]]
[[Category:2020s Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Domestic violence in television]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian family drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series based on non-Indian television series]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]
[[Category:Television series about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Television series about children]]
[[Category:Television series about siblings]]
[[Category:Television series by All3Media]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 2020s]]
[[Category:Television shows about alcohol abuse]]
[[Category:Television shows filmed in India]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian youth culture]]
[[Category:Shameless (American TV series)]]
[[Category:Television episodes about bipolar disorder]]

Maa Pateswari University

2026-05-03T14:01:04Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: starting basic info added tags

{{Short description|State public university in Balrampur, Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Maa Pateswari University
| native_name = माँ पाटेश्वरी विश्वविद्यालय
| native_name_lang= hi
| image = Maa Pateswari University logo.png
| image_upright = 0.8
| caption = University seal
| motto = {{native phrase|sa|Bhadraṃ bhadraṃ kratur asmāsu dhehi|italics=on}}
| motto_lang = sa
| type = [[State university (India)|State university]]<ref name="UPAct">{{cite web |title=The Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973 (as amended) |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/19194/1/the_uttar_pradesh_state_universities_end_1973.pdf |website=IndiaCode |publisher=Government of India |date=1973 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>
| established = {{start date and age| 19 July 2024|df=yes}}<ref name="PRS">{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act – Gazette/Amendments mentioning Maa Pateshwari University, Balrampur |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2024/Bill49of2024UP.pdf |website=PRS Legislative Research |date=13 August 2024 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>
| chancellor = [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]<ref name="UPAct"/>
| vice_chancellor = Prof. Ravi Shankar Singh<ref name="ET2025">{{cite news |title=UP university's VC says history of 'foreign invaders' won't be taught at his institution |url=https://education.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/higher-education/up-universitys-vc-says-history-of-foreign-invaders-wont-be-taught-at-his-institution/121858247 |work=The Economic Times (Education) |agency=PTI |date=15 June 2025 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>
| city = [[Balrampur]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| campus = [[Rural area|Rural]]
| language = [[English language|English]]<br/>[[Hindi]]
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[Association of Indian Universities|AIU]]|[[National Council of Teacher Education|NCTE]]}}
| website = {{URL|https://mpublp.ac.in}}
}}

'''Maa Pateswari University''' ((MPU), माँ पाटेश्वरी विश्वविद्यालय, pronounced [''mɑː pāʈeːʃʋəriː ʋiʃʋʋid̪jɑːlɛj'']) is a [[state university]] located in [[Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh|Balrampur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It was established by the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] in 2024 to promote higher education in the [[Devipatan division]] which include Balrampur, Gonda, Bahraich, Shravasti and adjoining areas.<ref name="PRS"/>

== History ==
The Government of Uttar Pradesh first proposed setting up a state university in the Devipatan division, which includes Balrampur, in its 2023–24 state budget.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP Cabinet approves three state universities in Gonda, Mirzapur and Moradabad |url=https://news.abplive.com/education/up-cabinet-approves-three-state-universities-in-gonda-mirzapur-and-moradabad-1639729 |work=ABP Live |publisher=ABP Network |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref> The proposal was subsequently approved by the state cabinet, and the institution was notified under the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973.<ref name="PRS2">{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2024 |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/bills_states/uttar-pradesh/2024/Bill49of2024UP.pdf |publisher=PRS Legislative Research |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

The foundation stone of Maa Pateswari University was laid by Chief Minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] on 15 March 2024 in Balrampur.<ref>{{cite news |title=सीएम योगी ने मां पाटेश्वरी विश्वविद्यालय का शिलान्यास किया |trans-title=CM Yogi laid the foundation stone of Maa Pateshwari University |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/balrampur-cm-yogi-adityanath-in-balrampur-lays-the-foundation-stone-of-maa-pateshwari-devi-state-university-23675330.html |work=Jagran |language=hi |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

== Campus and Infrastructure ==
The university’s permanent campus is being developed in Balrampur district. As per the architectural firm STHAPATI, which designed the campus plan, it spans around 25,000 square metres and is planned in two phases, combining academic blocks, administrative areas and residential zones with sustainable and eco-friendly design.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balrampur University, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://sthapatiindia.org/portfolio/balrampur-university-uttar-pradesh/ |website=STHAPATI Architects & Planners |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

== Academics ==
=== Organisation and Administration ===
The Chancellor of the university is the Smt. [[Anandiben Patel]], while the Vice-Chancellor is Prof. Ravi Shankar Singh.<ref name="ET2025"/>

=== Affiliation and Recognition ===
According to its official website, Maa Pateswari University is recognised under Section 2(f) of the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission (UGC)]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us – Maa Pateswari University |url=https://mpublp.ac.in/about-us |website=Maa Pateswari University (Official Website) |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

=== Programmes and Initiatives ===
In June 2025, the university announced new academic programmes in religion, culture and classical languages including Tamil, Odia and Kannada. It also introduced dual-degree options such as B.A.+LL.B. and B.Sc.+LL.B., which can be pursued in regular as well as online modes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Balrampur-based university to start courses on religion, culture |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/balrampur-based-university-to-start-courses-on-religion-culture/articleshow/121868657.cms |work=The Times of India |date=15 June 2025 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

== Student Admission ==
Admissions to the university and its affiliated colleges are conducted online through the Government of India's Samarth eGov platform. Applicants complete registration online and subsequently verify their documents at the respective affiliated colleges.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQs – Admissions |url=https://mpublpadm.samarth.edu.in/index.php/faq/index |website=Maa Pateswari University Admission Portal 2025–26 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

== Jurisdiction ==
The university affiliates colleges located in districts under the Devipatan division and adjoining regions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Admission Portal 2025–26 |url=https://mpublpadm.samarth.edu.in/index.php/site/login |website=Maa Pateswari University Admission Portal 2025–26 |access-date=27 October 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of colleges affiliated with Maa Pateshwari University]]
* [[List of universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Higher education in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://mpublp.ac.in Official website]

{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh|state=expanded}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Gonda district]]
[[Category:State universities in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2024]]
[[Category:2024 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Devipatan division]]
[[Category:Education in Gonda district]]
[[Category:Awadh region]]
{{UttarPradesh-university-stub}}

Baselios Marthoma Didymos I

2026-05-02T05:57:39Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: created

{{short description|20th Malankara Metropolitan and 7th Catholicos of the Malankara Church}}
{{redirect|Didymos I|the asteroid moon|Dimorphos}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox Patriarch
| honorific-prefix = [[His Holiness]] [[Mar (title)|Moran Mar]]
| name = Baselios Marthoma Didymos I
| patriarch_of =
| honorific-suffix = Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| ordination = 25 January 1950
| consecration = 24 August 1966
| enthroned = 31 October 2005
| ended = 1 November 2010
| church = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
| see = The Holy Apostolic Throne of St Thomas
| predecessor = [[Baselios Marthoma Mathews II]]
| successor = [[Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]]
| other_post =
| birth_name = C. T. Thomas
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|10|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mavelikkara]], [[India]]
| age =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|5|26|1921|10|29|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Parumala]], [[India]]
| buried = [[Mount Tabor Dayara]], [[Pathanapuram]]
| nationality = {{IND}}n
| religion = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
| residence =
| parents = Ittyavira Thomas and Sosamma Thomas
| spouse =
| children =
| occupation =
| profession =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[C.M.S College]] ([[Higher Secondary School Certificate|Intermediate]])<br> [[National College, Tiruchirapalli|National College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) <br> [[Maston Training College]] ([[Bachelor of Theology|BT]]) <br> [[Christ Church College, Kanpur|Christ Church College]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| signature =
| elected = 10 September 1992
| rank = [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]
}}
''' Baselios Marthoma Didymus I''' born '''C. T. Thomas''' (29 October 1921 – 26 May 2014) was the primate of the [[Malankara Church|Malankara Orthodox Church]] from 2005 to 2010. He was the 7th [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicos of the Malankara]] since the [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicate of the East]] was established [[India]] and the 20th [[Malankara Metropolitan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=His Holiness Baselios Marthoma Didymos I, The seventh Catholicos of the East in Malankara (2005-2010) {{!}}|url=https://mosc.in/catholicate/his-holiness-baselios-marthoma-didymos-i-seventh-catholicos-of-the-east-in-malankara|access-date=2020-08-30|website=mosc.in}}</ref> He was the 7th Catholicos of East.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholicos Emeritus H H Baselios Marthoma Didymos I passes away|url=https://www.cca.org.hk/news-and-events/catholicos-emeritus-h-h-baselios-marthoma-didymos-i-passes-away/|access-date=2020-08-30|website=Christian Conference of Asia|language=en-US|archive-date=14 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714013423/https://www.cca.org.hk/news-and-events/catholicos-emeritus-h-h-baselios-marthoma-didymos-i-passes-away/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life ==
C. T. Thomas I was born as the son of Ittyavira Thomas of Chiramel-Mulamootil House in [[Nedumbram]] near [[Thiruvalla]] and Sosamma of Chiramel House in [[Mavelikara]]. At the age of 18, he joined [[Mount Tabor Dayara]] ''(monastery)'' in [[Pathanapuram]] in 1939. As the disciple of Thoma Mar Dionysius, Metropolitan of [[Niranam Orthodox Diocese|Niranam]], he completed his high school education. In his speeches, Didymos I used to say that his parents who led lives of prayer and munificence were his first role models.

== Education ==
He passed his Intermediate from [[C.M.S College]], [[Kottayam]] in 1945, his Baccalaureate in Arts degree from [[National College, Tiruchirapalli|National College]], [[Tiruchirapalli]] in 1951, his Baccalaureate degree in Theology from [[Maston Training College]], [[Chennai]] in 1954, and his Magister of Art in English literature from [[Christ Church College, Kanpur|Christ Church College]], [[Kanpur]] in 1961. His favorite authors were [[Charles Lamb]] in [[English language|English]] and [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] in [[Malayalam]].

==Career==
As Rev. Fr. C. T. Thomas, he served as headmaster of [[Ponnayya High School]], Thiruchirapalli and [[St Stephens School, Pathanapuram|St. Stephens School, Pathanapuram]]. Within a year of taking charge as the headmaster of Ponnayya High School, Rev. Fr. C. T. Thomas was able to quadruple the percentage of passing students, who were chiefly poor children from marginalized families.

Later, Fr. C. T. Thomas also served as Professor and Head of the Department of English at [[St. Stephen's College, Pathanapuram]], as well as the vice-principal of the College and as President of the [[Orthodox Youth Movement]].

==Priesthood==
C. T. Thomas started his service to the Church as a [[monk]] when he was a teenager. He was called to the monastic life by the late Metropolitan Mar [[Dionysius of Niranam]]. He completed his training for priesthood under the guidance of [[Thoma Mar Dionysius]] and [[Moran Mar Baselios Augen I|Baselios Augen]], Catholicos of the East. [[Baselious Geevarghese II|Geevarghese II]] [[Catholicos of the East|Catholicos]] ordained him to the order of quroyo ''(reader deacon)'' on 11 March 1942 at Karapuzha Mar Gregorios Chapel. He was ordained a full deacon on 22 May 1947 at [[Tiruvalla|Thiruvalla]] Bethany Aramana Chapel and priest on 25 January 1950 at Pathanapuram [[Mount Tabor Dayara]].

==Presbyterate==
On 16 May 1965, [[Catholicos of the East]] Moran Mar [[Baselios Augen I]] tonsured him Ramban ''(monk)'' at [[Mount Tabor Dayara]]. The [[Malankara Syrian Christian Association]] which convened at [[Kottayam]] M. D. Seminary on 28 December 1965 and elected him to the office of Metropolitan along with four others priests, following the ancient tradition of, selecting bishops from the monastic ranks. Didymos I was consecrated as metropolitan [[bishop]] on 24 August 1966 at Kolencherry St. Peter's & St. Paul's Church and served as the metropolitan of the [[Malabar Diocese (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church)|Malabar diocese]] from 1968.

On 24 August 1966 at Kolencherry, the Catholicos Baselios Augen I ordained him as Metropolitan and given the name Thomas Mar Timotheos, along with Dr. Philipose Mar Theophilos and Yuhanon Mar Severios. Following the order of the Catholicos, Mar Thimotheos became the assistant metropolitan of Malabar diocese on 11 November 1966. Pathrose Mar Osthathios, the metropolitan of Malabar, died on 2 February 1968. Mar Thimotheos succeeded him as the metropolitan of Malabar diocese.

==Bishopric==

=== Election ===
Mar Thimotheos became the Metropolitan of [[Malabar Diocese|Malabar diocese]] in 1968. He continued to be the General Superior of Mount Tabor Dayara and Convent in Pathanapuram until 2014. On 10 September 1992 the Malankara Association was convened at Parumala Seminary and elected him as successor-designate to the Malankara metropolitan and Catholicos of the East. Due to old age, the current Catholicos, [[Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II|Baselios Marthoma Mathews II]], decided to [[Abdication|abdicate]] the throne in 2005.

On 29 October 2005, Mar Thimotheos assumed the office of Malankara Metropolitan, and was installed as the [[Catholicos of the East]] and given the name Moran Mar Baselios Marthoma Didymos I on 31 October 2005 by his predecessor Mathews II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orthodoxalmayavedhi.org/Didimos%20I/Didimos%20I.htm |title=Baselios Marthoma Didimos I|date=31 October 2005|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215914/http://orthodoxalmayavedhi.org/Didimos%20I/Didimos%20I.htm |archivedate=27 May 2014 |df=dmy|website=orthodoxalmayavedhi.org }}</ref> Didymos I was the first Catholicos of the East to be enthroned by his predecessor.

=== Enthronement ===
The enthronement took place at [[Parumala Seminary]] on 31 October 2005 at the age of 84. In addition to convening five sessions of Malankara Association (including one meeting that comprised two individual sessions), Didymos I ordained 14 Metropolitan Bishops (7 each on two occasions - at [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]] St. George Church on 19 February 2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Seven-new-bishops-for-Orthodox-Church/article16337637.ece|title=Seven new bishops for Orthodox Church|date=20 February 2009|accessdate=6 May 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> and at Kottayam Mar Elia Cathedral on 12 May 2010<ref>{{YouTube|xAADYNPznKc}}</ref>). During the reign of Didymos I, the strength of the Episcopal Synod became 33, the highest till date.

=== Consecration of Myron ===
Didymos I had, as a priest, attended the consecration of [[Chrism|holy Myron]] ''(anointing oil)'' officiated by [[Baselios Geevarghese II]] in 1951. Later, as a Metropolitan, Didymos I was a co-celebrant in the consecration of holy Myron on four occasions (in 1967, officiated by [[Baselios Augen I]]; in 1977 and 1988, officiated by [[Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews I|Baselios Marthoma Mathews I]]; and in 1999, officiated by [[Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II|Baselios Marthoma Mathews II]]). As the [[Catholicos of the East]], Didymos I himself officiated in the consecration of holy Myron at [[Devalokam Catholicate Palace]] on 5 April 2009.
[[File:H.H._Baselios_Marthoma_Didymos_I.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]]
Following the Church's tradition of honoring eminent prelates of the past, Didymos I bestowed the title "''Sabha-Thejas''" ''(meaning 'great luminary of the Church')'' on Malankara Metropolitan [[Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II|Mar Dionysius V]]. The ancient churches declared as pilgrimage centers by Didymos I include [[St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kalloopparapally.com/new_about.html |title=About Us |website=St Mary's Orthodox Church, Kallooppara|date= |author= |accessdate= 24 September 2021}}</ref> and [[St. George Orthodox Church, Cheppad]]. He visited Church members abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icon.org.in/icon_ap_visit_us06.icon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082934/http://www.icon.org.in/icon_ap_visit_us06.icon|url-status=dead|title=Apostolic visits|archivedate=28 September 2007|accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangalorewishesh.com/tv-shows/tvshows/25834:tvshows:apostolic-visit-of-h-h-baselios-marthoma-didymos-i-part-1&cDRr6dLBbSw.html|title=Tv-shows - TV Shows|website=www.bangalorewishesh.com|accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref>

===Administrative reforms===
Didymos I was the first Catholicos to preside over an official church [[Secretariat (administrative office)|secretariat]], which administers to the affairs of the church.
He also introduced progressive reforms in the administration of parishes, including the right for ladies of the congregations to participate in the parish assemblies ''(called palli-pothu-yogam)''. Some of the larger dioceses were divided creating new dioceses, in order to ensure more effective pastoral care and administration.

===Fraternal visits===
After his enthronement, Didymos I visited the Holy Land and met the [[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Pope]] [[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria|Shenouda III]] and exchanged fraternal greetings. During the incumbency of Didymos I, the prominent prelates who visited Malankara Orthodox Church include [[Catholicos of All Armenians|Supreme Catholicos of Armenia]] [[Karekin II]], [[List of Abunas of Ethiopia|Ethiopian Patriarch]] [[Abune Paulos]] and [[Holy See of Cilicia|Armenian Catholicos of Cilicia]] [[Aram I]].

==Retirement and death==
Didymos I abdicated the throne on 31 October 2010, at the age of 89. The following day he personally enthroned his successor [[Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II|Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]] as the [[Catholicos of the East]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2010/nov/02/baselios-mar-thoma-paulose-ii-installed-199793.html|title=Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II installed|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref> Didymos I spent the rest of his life at the Catholicate Palace. On 21 February 2014 he was given the Holy Anointing Service by Paulose II. Didymos died on 26 May 2014<ref>{{Cite news |title=Baselios Thoma Didymos I passes away |date=26 May 2014 |newspaper=Kaumudi Online |url=http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=50570}}</ref> and was buried on 28 May 2014 at [[Mount Tabor Dayara]], [[Pathanapuram]], the monastery which he called his home.

==Books==
Didymos I wrote three books in Malayalam with the titles ജീവിതം സംസാരിക്കുന്നു (Life Speaks), ഒരു മഹര്ഷി സംസാരിക്കുന്നു (A Sage Speaks) and ശുശ്രൂഷാ നടപടിച്ചട്ടങ്ങള് (Rules and Regulations of Service).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-rel|oo}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Baselios Marthoma Mathews II]] <br> 1991-2005
| title = [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan|Catholicos of the East & Malankara Metropolitan]]
| years = 2005–2010
| after = [[Baselios Marthoma Paulose II]] <br> 2010-2021
}}

{{succession box
| before = Pathrose Mar Osthathios
| title = Metropolitan of the Diocese of Malabar
| years = 1968–2005
| after = Zacharias Mar Theophilus
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Didymos 01}}
[[Category:Catholicoi of the East and Malankara metropolitans]]
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops]]
[[Category:21st-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops]]
[[Category:People from Thiruvalla]]
[[Category:National College, Tiruchirappalli, alumni]]

Naugawan Sadat Assembly constituency

2026-04-30T12:08:36Z

Chardhamyatrahotels:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Naugawan Sadat
| map_image = 40-Naugawan Sadat.svg
| constituency_no = 40
| mla = [[Samarpal Singh]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2020
| established = 2008
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Amroha district|Amroha]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,06,855 (2017)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Naugawan Sadat''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Amroha]] City and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency]]. The first election in this assembly constituency was held in 2012 after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed in the year 2008. The constituency is assigned identification number 40.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= October 8, 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=October 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=October 8, 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/naugawan-sadat.html}}</ref> [[Naugawan Sadat]] was founded by Maulana Fakhruddin

==Wards/Areas==
Extent of Naugawan Sadat Assembly constituency are KCs Naugawan Sadat, Kailsa & Naugawan Sadat NP of Amroha Tehsil; PCs Mubarakpur Kalan, Rajoha, Machra Bhagwanpur, Koovi, Karanpur Mafi, Sihali Jageer, Katai, Jeehal, Tanda, Tasiha, Chakori, Umarpur, Manauta, Gharont, Taharpur of Hasanpur KC of Hasanpur Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

==Members of the Vidhan Sabha==
{{main|Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 00 || [[Fifteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || Seat did not exist || || || || || ||
|-
| 01 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Ashfaq Ali Khan]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || March-2012 || March-2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=October 8, 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 02 || [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Chetan Chauhan]] || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Aug-2020 || || Died in Aug-2020 ||
|-
| 02 || [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Sangeeta Chauhan]]^ || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Nov-2020 || Mar-2022 || || ^ By poll ||
|-
| 03 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Samarpal Singh]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] ||Mar-2022 || Incumbent || || ||
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Naugawan Sadat<ref name="AAP 150 list">{{cite news |last1=Bhandari |first1=Shashwat |title=AAP announces 150 candidates for UP elections 2022 {{!}} Check complete list |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/elections/news/aap-releases-150-candidates-for-uttar-pradesh-polls-2022-check-full-list-2022-01-16-754742 |access-date=27 January 2022 |work=indiatvnews.com |date=16 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Samarpal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:108497}}
|percentage = 44.31
|change = {{increase}}11.69
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Devendra Nagpal
|votes = {{formatnum:101957}}
|percentage = 41.64
|change = {{increase}}0.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shadab Khan
|votes = {{formatnum:28688}}
|percentage = 11.72
|change = {{decrease}}5.43
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:938}}
|percentage = 0.38
|change = {{decrease}}0.11
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:6540}}
|percentage = 2.67
|change = {{decrease}}6.14
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:244837}}
|percentage = 74.49
|change = {{decrease}}1.83
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2020===

{{Election box begin | title=By-Election, 2020: Naugawan Sadat}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Sangeeta Chauhan
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 86,692
|percentage = 41.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Javed Abbas
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 71,615
|percentage = 34.46
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Furkan
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 38,399
|percentage = 18.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Kamlesh Singh
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4,532
|percentage = 2.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = None of the Above
|party = None of the above
|votes = 764
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 15,077
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 2,08,726
|percentage = 64.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha: 2017 General Elections]]
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Naugawan Sadat]]<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Chetan Chauhan]]<ref name="election2017">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/2017-election-results.html|title = Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results in 2017}}</ref>
|votes = {{formatnum:97030}}
|percentage = 41.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Javed Abbas
|votes = {{formatnum:76382}}
|percentage = 32.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Jaidev
|votes = {{formatnum:40172}}
|percentage = 17.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = [[Ashfaq Ali Khan]]
|votes = {{formatnum:14597}}
|percentage = 6.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1132}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:20648}}
|percentage = 8.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:234190}}
|percentage = 76.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|swing = +34.09
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===

{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Naugawan Sadat]]<ref name="2012 Election Results"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Ashfaq Ali Khan]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/naugawansadat-uttar-pradesh-assembly-constituency|title=Naugawan Sadat Assembly constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly constituency}}</ref>
|votes = 55,626
|percentage = 27.47
|change = -
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rahul Kumar
|votes = 51,964
|percentage = 25.66
|change = -
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Anshu Nagpal
|votes = 36,695
|percentage = 18.12
|change = -
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 15 candidates
|votes = 58,225
|percentage = 28.75
|change = -
}}

{{Election box majority
|votes = 3,662
|percentage = 1.81
|change = -
}}

{{Election box turnout
|votes = 202,510
|percentage = 72.57
|change = -
}}

{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Amroha Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Jyotiba Phule Nagar]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Amroha district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Sand City (film)

2026-04-27T11:29:59Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Sand City]]

Shakuntala Karandikar

2026-04-26T01:57:41Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new a info

{{Short description|Indian biographer and philanthropist (1931–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shakuntala Karandikar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|7|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Poona Agency]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|6|1|1931|7|20|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Dahanu]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| office1 = [[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[Founder (company)|founder]] of the Wednesday Women's Circle
| office2 = President of the [[Rotary Club|Rotary Inner Wheel Club]] of [[Dahanu]]
| occupation = {{cslist||[[Biographer]]|[[philanthropist]]}}
| known_for = ''Vishwasta'' (1992)
| father = [[Chandrashekhar Agashe]]
| mother = Indirabai Agashe
}}

'''Shakuntala Bhupendra Karandikar''' (née '''Shakuntala Chandrashekhar Agashe''';{{efn|{{IAST3|Śakuntalā Bhūpendra Karandīkara}} née {{IAST3|Śakuntalā Candraśekhara Āgāśe}}. Karandikar bore her father's name (Chandrashekhar) as a middle name before marriage as per the [[patronymic]] [[Indian name#Marathi|Marathi naming conventions]],{{Sfn|Ranade|1974|p=61|loc=आगाशे, शकुंतला चंद्रशेखर}} but she is widely remembered by her [[Maiden and married names|married name]], where her husband's name (Bhupendra) was her middle name.{{Sfn|Barve|Vartak|Belvalkar|2002|loc=अनुक्रमणिका [Index]}}}} 20 July 1931 – 1 June 2018) was an Indian [[biographer]] and [[philanthropist]], best remembered for writing ''Vishwasta'' (1992), a [[biography]] of [[Chandrashekhar Agashe|her father]] in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], and for her [[advocacy]] and philanthropy towards [[Women's rights|women's causes]] in [[Dahanu]].

== Biography ==
=== Early life and family: 1931–1953 ===
Karandikar was born in [[Pune]], [[Bombay Presidency]] on 31 July 1931, into an aristocratic and entrepreneurial [[Chitpavan]] [[brahmin]] family of industrialist [[Chandrashekhar Agashe]] and wife Indirabai Agashe (née Dwarka Gokhale).{{Sfn|Ranade|1974|p=61|loc=आगाशे, शकुंतला चंद्रशेखर}} Her father was a member of the aristocratic [[Agashe]] ''[[Noble family|gharana]]'' of the village of [[Mangdari]] in the [[Bhor State]],{{Sfnm|1a1=Ranade|1y=1974|1p=59|2a1=Agashe|2a2=Agashe|2y=2006|2p=52}} while her mother was from the aristocratic [[Gokhale]] ''gharana'' of [[Dharwad]].{{sfn|Pathak|1978|page=976}}

She was the second eldest daughter, as well as the second eldest of nine siblings who survived to adulthood.{{Sfn|Ranade|1974|p=60–61}} She had two younger brothers, [[Panditrao Agashe]] and [[Dnyaneshwar Agashe]].{{Sfn|Ranade|1974|p=61}} Through her brother Dnyaneshwar, she was a paternal aunt to [[Mandar Agashe|Mandar]], [[Ashutosh Agashe|Ashutosh]], and [[Sheetal Agashe]].{{sfn|Agashe|Agashe|2006|page=62}} Some of Karandikar's other prominent relations include [[Bapu Gokhale]], a [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] [[Army general|general]] under Peshwa [[Baji Rao II]] of the [[Maratha Empire]],{{sfn|Pathak|1978|page=976}} musician [[Ashutosh Phatak]],{{sfn|Ranade|1982|page=56}} historian [[Dinkar G. Kelkar]], and scientist [[P. K. Kelkar]].{{sfn|Kelkar|Kelkar|Kelkar|1993|pages=82, 89}}

=== Marriage, writings, and philanthropy: 1953–2018 ===
Karandikar initially studied [[painting]]. After [[Matriculation|matriculating]], she married Bhupendra "Rajabhau" Karandikar, of the [[Limaye|Karandikar]] ''gharana'' of [[Dahanu]] in 1953. They would go on to have three children, a daughter and two sons. She would aid him in his [[forestry]] and [[Salt pan (geology)|salt pan]] businesses.{{Sfnm|1a1=Ranade|1y=1974|1p=61|2a1=Agashe|2a2=Agashe|2y=2006|2pp=62–63}} While in Dahanu, she was a prominent member of [[high society|society]]. She advocated and supported various [[women's organisations]] and [[charities]] in support of various [[Women's rights|women's causes]]. She would go on to serve as [[President (corporate title)|president]] of the [[Rotary Club|Rotary Inner Wheel Club]] and was the [[Founder (company)|founding president]] of the Wednesday Women's Circle of Dahanu, frequently organizing [[fundraising]] activities for the [[Club (organization)|club]]s. She was also associated with various [[education institution]]s in Dahanu.<ref name="Rajtantra">{{cite news |title=डहाणूतील थोर समाज सेविका शकुंतला करंदीकर यांचे निधन |url=https://rajtantra.com/?p=4796 |access-date=24 November 2023 |work=Rajtantra |date=2 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929050105/https://rajtantra.com/?p=4796 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |language=mr}}</ref>

In June 1992, Karandikar and her siblings considered commissioning a [[biography]] on their father [[Chandrashekhar Agashe]] and his company the [[Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate]]. Karandikar would go on to pen the biography herself based on the collated writings of her maternal uncle Mukundrao Gokhale, and those of Dattaji Kulkarni, and the biography previously written by Narubhau Limaye.<ref>{{citation|last=Agashe |first=Dnyaneshwar |author-link=Dnyaneshwar Agashe |title=चंद्रशेखर गोविंद आगाशे |trans-title=[[Chandrashekhar Agashe|Chandrashekhar Govind Agashe]] |language=Marathi |date=10 July 1992 |place=[[Pune]] |type=[[Preface]] |publisher=Shri Prakashan |at=[[Introduction (writing)|Introduction]] to ''Vishwasta'' (1992).}}</ref> The book was published on [[Ashadha]] [[Ekadashi]] as per the [[Indian national calendar]], or on 10 July 1992 as per the [[Gregorian calendar]], by Shri Prakashan in [[Shaniwar Peth, Pune]].{{Sfn|Karandikar|1992|at=[[Title page|Title]] and [[Recto and verso|verso page]]}} In April 2002, she contributed an essay for her brother Dnyaneshwar's [[festschrift]] published on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday.{{Sfn|Barve|Vartak|Belvalkar|2002|pages=86–88}}

=== Death and legacy: 2018 ===
Karandikar died on 1 June 2018 in Dahanu after a short illness.<ref name="Rajtantra" /> In 2022, the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate commissioned [[Nandan Phadnis]] to translate her biography from Marathi to [[English language|English]], which was published by the Syndicate in February of that year.{{sfnm|1a1=National Library of Russia|1y=2022|1p=21|2a1=Karandikar|2y=2022|2at=[[Title page|Title]] and [[Recto and verso|verso page]]}} In April that same year, her essay for her brother's festschrift would also be subsequently translated into English by Phadnis.{{sfn|Belvalkar|Vartak|Barve|2022|pages=98–101}} By August that same year, her authored biography was subsequently assigned as a [[research guide]] for the [[Indology|South Asian studies]] department at the [[University of British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Randhawa |first1=Sarbjit |title=Research Guides: South Asian & Himalayan Studies Resources |url=https://guides.library.ubc.ca/c.php?g=307073&p=2048594 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817104806/https://guides.library.ubc.ca/c.php?g=307073&p=2048594 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |website=[[University of British Columbia]] |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en |via=[[University of British Columbia Library]]}}</ref>

== Published works ==
=== Books ===
*{{cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shakuntala |date=10 July 1992 |title=विश्वस्त |trans-title=Viśvasta |url=https://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/permalink/44OXF_INST/2d0ceh/alma990211048410107026 |access-date=22 May 2025 |language=mr |edition=1st |location=[[Pune]] |publisher=Śrī Prakāśana |isbn=9781532345012 |lccn=2017322865 |oclc=992168228 |via=[[University of Oxford]]}}
**{{cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shakuntala |title=Vishwasta – The Trustee: The Life of Industrialist Chandrashekhar Agashe |publisher=[[Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.|The Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.]] |isbn=9780578355863 |edition=2nd |language=English |editor-last=Agashe |editor-first=Aditya |publication-place=[[Pune]] |translator-last=Phadnis |translator-first=Nandan |translator-link=Nandan Phadnis |date=14 February 2022 |oclc=1310118266 |lccn=2021276641 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6NaEAAAQBAJ |via=[[Google Books]]}}

=== Essays ===
*{{cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shakuntala |chapter=शिरीन... माझा भाऊ... |trans-chapter=Shirin... My brother... |pages=86–88 |editor-last1=Barve |editor-first1=Ramesh |editor-last2=Vartak |editor-first2=Taraprakash |editor-last3=Belvalkar |editor-first3=Sharchandra |date=17 April 2002 |title=पुत्र विश्वस्ताचा : गौरव ग्रंथ : ज्ञानेश्वर आगाशे षष्ट्यब्दीपूर्ती निमित्त |trans-title=Putra Viśvastācā : A Festschrift : In honour of Dnyaneshwar Agashe's 60th Birth Anniversary |type=[[Festschrift]] |url=https://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/permalink/44OXF_INST/2d0ceh/alma990211048440107026 |access-date=22 May 2025 |language=mr |edition=1st |location=[[Pune]]| publisher=Jñāneśvara Āgāśe Gaurava Samitī |isbn=978-1-5323-4594-4 |lccn=2017322864 |oclc=992168227 |via=[[University of Oxford]]}}
**{{Cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shakuntala |chapter=Shirin... My Brother |pages=98–101 |title=Putra Vishwastacha: A Festschrift to Dnyaneshwar Agashe |publisher=[[Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.|The Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.]] |date=17 April 2022 |isbn=9780578292250 |oclc=1325123469 |lccn=2021276707 |edition=2nd |location=[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] |language=English |editor-last=Belvalkar |editor-first=Sharatchandra |editor-last2=Vartak |editor-first2=Taraprakash |editor-last3=Barve |editor-first3=Ramesh |others=Compiled by Agashe, Aditya |translator-last=Phadnis |translator-first=Nandan |translator-link=Nandan Phadnis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pm5rEAAAQBAJ |via=[[Google Books]] |ref=none}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
*{{cite book |last1=Agashe |first1=Trupti |last2=Agashe |first2=Gopal. |editor1-last=Wad |editor1-first=Mugdha |title=आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत |trans-title=Genealogy of the Agashe Family |chapter=मांगदरी घराणा |trans-chapter=The House of Mangdari |date=2006 |publisher=Surbhi Graphics |location=[[Hyderabad]] |type=[[Kulavruttanta]] |edition=2nd |language=mr |isbn=978-1-5323-4500-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IahqswEACAAJ |via=[[Google Books]]}}
*{{cite book |editor-last1=Barve |editor-first1=Ramesh |editor-last2=Vartak |editor-first2=Taraprakash |editor-last3=Belvalkar |editor-first3=Sharchandra |date=17 April 2002 |title=पुत्र विश्वस्ताचा : गौरव ग्रंथ : ज्ञानेश्वर आगाशे षष्ट्यब्दीपूर्ती निमित्त |trans-title=Putra Viśvastācā : A Festschrift : In honour of Dnyaneshwar Agashe's 60th Birth Anniversary |type=[[Festschrift]] |url=https://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/permalink/44OXF_INST/2d0ceh/alma990211048440107026 |access-date=22 May 2025 |language=mr |edition=1st |location=[[Pune]]| publisher=Jñāneśvara Āgāśe Gaurava Samitī |isbn=978-1-5323-4594-4 |lccn=2017322864 |oclc=992168227 |via=[[University of Oxford]]}}
*{{Cite book |title=Putra Vishwastacha: A Festschrift to Dnyaneshwar Agashe |publisher=[[Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.|The Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd.]] |date=17 April 2022 |isbn=9780578292250 |oclc=1325123469 |lccn=2021276707 |edition=2nd |location=[[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]] |language=English |editor-last=Belvalkar |editor-first=Sharatchandra |editor-last2=Vartak |editor-first2=Taraprakash |editor-last3=Barve |editor-first3=Ramesh |others=Compiled by Agashe, Aditya |translator-last=Phadnis |translator-first=Nandan |translator-link=Nandan Phadnis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pm5rEAAAQBAJ |via=[[Google Books]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Kelkar |first1=Bhaskar |last2=Kelkar |first2=Govind |last3=Kelkar |first3=Yashwant |url=https://www.kelkarkulvruttanta.com/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=26 August 2022 |title=केळकर कुलवृत्तांत |trans-title=Genealogy of the Kelkar Family |chapter=कासारवेल – पुणे – धुळे घराणा |trans-chapter=The House of Kasarvel – Pune – Dhule |date=1993 |edition=2nd |publisher=Yashoda Typesetting |location=[[Pune]] |language=mr |type=[[Kulavruttanta]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826131046/https://www.kelkarkulvruttanta.com/ |archive-date=26 August 2022 |url-status=dead |via=[[Google Books]]}}
*{{cite book |last=Pathak |first=Gangadhar |url=https://worldcat.org/en/title/8113665 |access-date=25 August 2022 |title=गोखले कुलवृत्तांत |trans-title=Genealogy of the Gokhale Family |chapter=पिरंदावण वाडी – तळेखाजण घराणा |trans-chapter=The House of Pirandavan Wadi – Talekhajan |date=1978 |publisher=Gokhale Kulavr̥ttānta Kāryakārī Maṇdaḷa |edition=2nd |location=[[Pune]] |language=mr |oclc=8113665 |lccn=81902590 |author-link=Gangadhar Pathak |type=[[Kulavruttanta]] |via=[[WorldCat]]}}
*{{cite book|last=Ranade|first=Sadashiv|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RstWAAAAMAAJ |title=चितपावन कौशिक गोत्री आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत |trans-title=Genealogy of the Chitpavan Agashe Family belonging to the Kaushik Gotra |chapter=मांगदरी घराणा |trans-chapter=The House of Mangdari |date=1974 |language=mr |type=[[Kulavruttanta]] |lccn=74903020 |oclc=20388396 |author-link=Sadashiv Ranade |via=[[University of Michigan]]}}
*{{cite book |last1=Ranade |first1=Sadashiv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u8O2GwAACAAJ |access-date=26 August 2022 |title=फाटक कुलवृत्तांत |trans-title=Genealogy of the Phatak Family |chapter=जांभळी घराणा (पहिला) |trans-chapter=The First House of Jambli |date=1982 |edition=2nd |location=[[Pune]] |language=mr |author-link=Sadashiv Ranade |publisher=Phāṭaka Kula Samitī |type=[[Kulavruttanta]] |lccn=84900881 |oclc=20671450 |via=[[Google Books]]}}
*{{cite journal |title=РНБ. Информация |trans-title=RNB Information |journal=Российская национальная библиотека |date=March 2022 |publisher=[[National Library of Russia]] |ref={{SfnRef|National Library of Russia|2022}} |url=https://primo.nlr.ru/permalink/f/oo3rn7/07NLR_LMS012777507 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=ru |volume=3 |location=[[Saint Petersburg]] |via=[[Google Books]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401071508/https://vivaldi.nlr.ru/pm000005787/view/ |archive-date=1 April 2025}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
*{{OL author|id=OL10313268A}}
*{{Library link by |label=What different libraries have by Shakuntala Karandikar |library=0CHOOSE0 |viaf=2163155599801310011}}
*{{Library link about|label=What different libraries have on Shakuntala Karandikar |library=0CHOOSE0 |viaf=2163155599801310011}}
{{Subject bar|d=Q47524672|auto=1|portal1=India|portal2=Asia|portal3=Biography|portal4=Literature}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karandikar, Shakuntala}}

[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Writers from Pune]]
[[Category:Writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian women biographers]]
[[Category:Indian women philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian women essayists]]
[[Category:Indian women historians]]

C. Ngunlianchunga

2026-04-24T23:22:49Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started a article - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = C. Ngunlianchunga
| office = Member of [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2013
| predecessor = C. Ramlunha
| constituency = [[Lawngtlai West Assembly constituency|Lawngtlai West]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|09|22}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}
'''C. Ngunlianchunga''' (born 22 September 1960) is an Indian politician from [[Mizoram]]. He is three time consecutive member of the [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly]] from [[Lawngtlai West Assembly constituency|Lawngtlai West]] constituency of [[Lawngtlai district|Lawngtlai]] district. He was elected in the [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Indian National Congress]].

== Early life and education ==
Ngunlianchunga was born in [[Lawngtlai]] and currently resides at Tuikhuahtlang, Aizawl. He studied Class 8 at the Government Regional High School, Lawngtlai, Mizoram and passed the examinations in 1976. He later, discontinued his studies and became a businessman. He declared assets worth Rs. 5.9 crore in his election declaration to the [[Election Commission of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/CandidateCustomFilter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529001534/https://affidavit.eci.gov.in/CandidateCustomFilter |archive-date=2019-05-29 |access-date=2025-05-19}}</ref> He married K.R. Chhingpuii and together they have two children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C. Ngunlianchunga(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- LAWNGTLAI WEST(LAWNGTLAI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/mizoram2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=83 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mizoram Legislative Assembly |url=https://www.mizoramassembly.in/members/details/30 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.mizoramassembly.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
Ngunlianchunga was elected in the [[Lawngtlai West Assembly constituency|Lawngtlai West]] Assembly constituency representing the Indian National Congress in the 2023 [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]. He polled 11,296 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Zirsanga of the Mizo National Front, by a margin of 432 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-04 |title=Lawngtlai West assembly election result 2023: INC's C. Ngunlianchunga retains the seat with 11296 votes, defeating MNF's V. Zirsanga and ZPM's Lalnunsema |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lawngtlai-west-assembly-election-result-2023-incs-c-ngunlianchunga-retains-the-seat-with-11296-votes-defeating-mnfs-v-zirsanga-and-zpms-lalnunsema/articleshow/105727918.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-12-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C Ngunlianchunga Election Results 2023: News, Votes, Results of Mizoram Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/mizoram-assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/c-ngunlianchunga-16037-2 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> He became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]] and retained the seat for the Indian National Congress in the [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawngtlai West Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: INC's C. Ngunlianchunga defeats MNF's V. Zirsanga with 432 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/lawngtlai-west-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2471397-2023-12-04 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=India Today |date=4 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=hindi |title=C ngunlianchunga mizoram lawngtlai west candidate Profile,Candidates Net Worth, Education News {{!}} ABP न्यूज़ |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/c-ngunlianchunga-mizoram-lawngtlai-west-candidate-profile.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.abplive.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=C Ngunlianchunga Election Result 2023 LIVE: Lawngtlai West Result Tally Updates |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/mizoram/c-ngunlianchunga-assembly-candidate-s16aed2008a037e2023c001/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2018, he defeated C. Ramhluna of the [[Mizo National Front]], by a margin of 796 votes.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ngunlianchunga, C.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:People from Lawngtlai district]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]

Joydeep Karmakar

2026-04-24T12:12:18Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Stub

{{short description|Indian sport shooter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Joydeep Karmakar
| honorific_suffix = [[OLY]]
| image = Joydeep Karmakar.jpg
| nationality = {{IND}}n
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|12|07}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| years_active = 1994–present
| height = {{convert|177|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|73|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| spouse = Radhika Karmakar
| website = [https://www.jksa.in/ jksa.in]
| country = {{IND}}
| club = North Calcutta Rifle Club
| coaching = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mehuli Ghosh]]<br/>{{flagicon|IND}} Adriyan Karmakar
| olympics = '''[[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone|2012 Summer Olympics]]''': 4
| highestranking = 4
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|[[Shooting sports|Men's Shooting ]]}}[[File: Shooting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|2010 Sydney|50 meter rifle prone}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Shooting Championships|Commonwealth Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2010 Commonwealth Shooting Championships|2010 New Delhi]]|50 meter rifle prone pairs}}
}}
'''Joydeep Karmakar''' ({{langx|bn|জয়দীপ কর্মকার}}; born 7 September 1979) is an Indian [[shooting sports|sports shooter]] from [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>Profile at ISSF [http://www.issf-sports.org/shooters/shooter.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM0712197901 Profile of Joydeep Karmakar at ISSF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801144724/http://www.issf-sports.org/shooters/shooter.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM0712197901 |date=1 August 2012 }}</ref> Starting his sports career in 1989, he represented India in rifle prone events in various championships. He became a Junior National Champion in his first Nationals in 1994. He has represented India in 28 World Cups, 2 Commonwealth Games, 1 Asian Games and 3 World Championships. Karmakar competed at the [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 Olympics]], where he narrowly missed the podium with a fourth-place finish in the [[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone|men's 50 metre rifle prone event]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-08-03 |title=Joydeep Karmakar finishes fourth in 50m rifle prone at London Olympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/joydeep-karmakar-finishes-fourth-in-50m-rifle-prone-at-london-olympics/articleshow/15339932.cms |access-date=2025-07-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
On 3 August 2012, Joydeep qualified for the Olympic Finals of [[ISSF 50 meter rifle prone|Men's 50 metre Rifle Prone]] event After six rounds, Joydeep was at joint fourth with eight other shooters. However, there was a shoot off between the nine tied shooters, in which Joydeep scored 51.6 and finished fourth in the shoot off, thereby qualifying for the final round as he finished 7th overall. In the final he scored 104.1 and with a total of 699.1 he finished fourth, behind the bronze medal winner, [[Rajmond Debevec]] of [[Slovenia]].

Earlier in 2010 he had participated in ISSF World Cup, Sydney and won a silver medal with an Asian Record score of 599/600. He is still the only silver medalist in World Cup in Prone event from India.
His National Record Scores of 594/600, 595, 598 & 599 from 2005 to 2010 was unique as Joydeep only bettered his own record. Apart from more than 70 National Medals, he also won Individual Australian Open Cup, Commonwealth Championships Gold and South Asian double Gold.

In domestic competitions he held the Kumar Surendra Singh record of 597/600 in Prone. He participated in International tournaments till 2015, including [[2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games]] and [[2014 Asian Games|2014 Incheon Asian Games]] and ISSF World Championships in Granada, Spain.

In late 2015 he set up a shooting academy in Kolkata named [[Joydeep Karmakar Shooting Academy|JKSA (Joydeep Karmakar Shooting Academy)]] which include more than 700 shooters. and above 100 champions. at [[New Town, Kolkata]]. Later in 2018, he opened the other two branches of JKSA at [[Ballygunge]] and [[Bally, Howrah|Bally]], which is named as Shooting Sports Club Howrah, where he with other National & International shooters are training newcomers to the nuances of Rifle Shooting. In 2022 he established another shooting range for the top players in [[Dum Dum metro station|Dumdum]]. Karmakar is the [[Coach (sport)|coach]] and mentor of [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] and [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics]] silver medallist [[Mehuli Ghosh]].

== Summer Olympics ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
| align="center" |[[2012 London Olympics|2012 London]]
| align="center" |[[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone|50m rifle prone]]
| align="center" |4
| align="center" |699.1
|}
In [[2012 Summer Olympics]] Karmakar qualified for the finals of [[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 metre rifle prone|men's 50 metre rifle prone]] with a score of 595. In the final he scored 104.1 and finished fourth with a total score of 699.1, behind the bronze medal winner, [[Rajmond Debevec]] of [[Slovenia]], whose aggregate score was 701.<ref name=":0">Shooting results for 50m rifle prone on [http://www.london2012.com/shooting/event/men-50m-rifle-prone/index.html official 2012 London Olympics website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801045606/http://www.london2012.com/shooting/event/men-50m-rifle-prone/index.html|date=2012-08-01}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Karmakar was born on 7 December 1979, to Santo Karmakar and Gayatri Karmakar, in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]]. His father, [[Santo Karmakar]] was a three-time national swimming champion and the well known introducer of sports air pistol in West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Father in dark, son aims high|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/father-in-dark-son-aims-high/cid/1283344|access-date=2021-08-12|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> He married Radhika Ghosh Karmakar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-11|title=Joydeep Karmakar Biography: Age, Awards, Achievements & Net Worth -|url=https://www.sportzcraazy.com/joydeep-karmakar-biography/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=SportzCraazy|language=en-US}}</ref> His son, [[Adriyan Karmakar]], has also represented India and won silver medal in 50m rifle prone event at Junior World Cup in Suhl, Germany in May 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raiza Dhillon clinches silver in women's skeet event at ISSF Junior World Cup 2025 |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/others/raiza-dhillon-clinches-silver-in-womens-skeet-event-at-issf-junior-world-cup-202520250523081626/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>

== Awards and accolades ==
Joydeep Karmakar has received the following awards and accolades:

* [[Arjuna Award]] in 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Arjuna Award 2012 and Khel Ratna Award 2012 Winners|url=https://news.biharprabha.com/2012/08/list-of-arjuna-award-2012-and-khel-ratna-award-2012-winners/|access-date=2021-08-12|website=Biharprabha News {{!}} Connecting Bihar with the entire World|language=en-US|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812054205/https://news.biharprabha.com/2012/08/list-of-arjuna-award-2012-and-khel-ratna-award-2012-winners/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* West Bengal Khel Samman Award in 2013–14<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khel Samman Awardees|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/sites/default/files/docs/awards/Khel%20Samman%20Awardees.pdf|access-date=11 August 2021|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|archive-date=21 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721215006/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/sites/default/files/docs/awards/Khel%20Samman%20Awardees.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ABP Group|ABP]] Shera Bangali 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=- bangali xi|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bangali-xi/cid/1287831|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.telegraphindia.com|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811181138/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/bangali-xi/cid/1287831|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Trained Shooters ==
* [[Mehuli Ghosh]]
* Adriyan Karmakar

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{ISSF|SHINDM0712197901}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karmakar, Joydeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:ISSF rifle shooters]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Seth Anandram Jaipuria College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games shooters for India]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2014 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Indian sports coaches]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Chandrala, Mylavaram mandal

2026-04-24T10:35:22Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started data - done

{{Short description|Village in Krishna district (Andhra Pradesh), India}}
{{Other uses|Chandrala, Gudlavalleru mandal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandrala
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.75|N|80.69|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Krishna district|Krishna]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mylavaram mandal|Mylavaram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name=census>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook - Krishna|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=Census of India|accessdate=22 September 2015|page=16,226|format=PDF}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 11.51
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 4100
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=census />
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 521230
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = AP–16
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chandrala''' is a village in [[Krishna district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in [[Mylavaram mandal]] of [[Vijayawada revenue division]].<ref>{{cite web|title=District Level Mandal wise List of Villages in Andhra Pradesh |url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|website=Chief Commissioner of Land Administration|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=19 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010053343/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/krishna.pdf|archivedate=10 October 2014 |page=10|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Administrative Setup|url=http://krishna.nic.in/admin-setup.aspx|website=Official website of Krishna district|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223104/http://krishna.nic.in/admin-setup.aspx|archive-date=20 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is one of the villages in the mandal to be a part of [[Andhra Pradesh Capital Region]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], Chandrala had a population of 4,100. The total population constitute, 2,067 males and 2,033 females —a sex ratio of 984 females per 1000 males. 435 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 227 are boys and 208 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 63.57% with 2,330 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.<ref name=census /><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011) |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |publisher=Official Portal of Andhra Pradesh Government |accessdate=5 September 2014 |page=43 |format=PDF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

== Economy ==
[[Horticultural|Horticultural crops]] are the major cultivation which includes a major share of [[mangoes]] and others like [[banana]], [[coconut]], [[palm oil]] etc.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farmers fell trees for instant riches|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/farmers-fell-trees-for-instant-riches/article5872954.ece|accessdate=15 November 2015|work=The Hindu|date=5 April 2014|location=Vijayawada}}</ref>

== Transport ==
[[Nuzvid]]–[[Mylavaram]] road passes through the village, providing connectivity with nearby towns.<ref>{{cite web|title=Map of Chandrala, Mylavaram, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/villages/andhra-pradesh/krishna/mylavaram/chandrala.html|website=Maps of India|accessdate=15 November 2015}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Krishna district#M|Villages in Mylavaram mandal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Krishna district]]

Tababi Devi Thongam

2026-04-20T13:26:35Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new biography

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Western name order|Thongam Tababi Devi}}
{{Meitei name|Thongam|Tababi|Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Tababi Devi
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Tababi Devi Thongam
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|9|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| height =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/5394|title=FIFA WOMEN'S OLYMPIC FOOTBALL TOURNAMENT 2012|website=AFC|accessdate=17 February 2021}}</ref>
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = [[Manipur women's football team|Manipur]]
| nationalyears1 = 1995–2011
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = ?
| nationalgoals1 = 19
| ntupdate = 23 March 2012
}}
'''Tababi Devi Thongam''' ({{langx|mni|Thongam Tababi Devi}}, born 1 September 1977)<ref>{{cite web |title=Tababi Devi |url=https://www.arquivodosmundiais.com.br/player.php?lg=en&cod=63447 |website=Arquivo dos Mundiais |access-date=12 January 2024 }}</ref> is an Indian [[women's association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]]. She has been a member of the [[India women's national football team|India women's national team]].<ref name=AFC-Player>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/player/9223|title=THONGAM TABABI DEVI|website=AFC|accessdate=17 February 2021}}</ref>

==International career==
Devi capped for India at senior level during the [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's Asian Qualifiers|2012 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]].{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

==International goals==
''Scores and results list India's goal tally first''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || 5 December 1997 || rowspan=3|[[Guangdong]], [[China]] || {{fbw|HKG}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=3|[[1997 AFC Women's Championship]]
|-
| 2. || rowspan=2|9 December 1997 || rowspan=2|{{fbw|GUM}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 10–0
|-
| 3. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 4. || 9 December 1998 || [[Thammasat Stadium]], [[Pathum Thani]], [[Thailand]] || {{fbw|TPE}} || align=center|'''?'''–? || align=center| 1–13 || [[Football at the 1998 Asian Games – Women's tournament|1998 Asian Games]]
|-
| 5. || rowspan=2|9 November 1999 || rowspan=2|[[Iloilo Sports Complex]], [[Iloilo City]], [[Philippines]] || rowspan=2|{{fbw|MAS}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 3–0 || rowspan=2|[[1999 AFC Women's Championship]]
|-
| 6. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 7. || rowspan=2| 9 June 2003 || rowspan=2| [[Nakhon Sawan Stadium]], [[Nakhon Sawan]], Thailand || rowspan=2| {{fbw|UZB}} || align=center|'''5'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 6–0 || rowspan=2| [[2003 AFC Women's Championship]]
|-
| 8. || align=center|'''6'''–0
|-
| 9. || rowspan=2|12 June 2005 || rowspan=2|[[Mỹ Đình National Stadium]], [[Hanoi]], [[Vietnam]] || rowspan=2|{{fbw|GUM}} || align=center|'''5'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 10–0 || rowspan=2|[[2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification|2006 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualifiers]]
|-
| 10. || align=center|'''6'''–0
|-
| 11. || rowspan=2|4 February 2010 || rowspan=2|[[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] || rowspan=2|{{fbw|NEP}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 5–0 || rowspan=2|[[Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2010 South Asian Games]]
|-
| 12. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 13. || rowspan=4 |13 December 2010 || rowspan=6 |[[Cox's Bazar Stadium]], Bangladesh|| rowspan=4|{{fbw|BHU}} || align=center|'''?'''–0 || rowspan=4 align=center|18–0 || rowspan=6 |[[2010 SAFF Women's Championship]]
|-
| 14. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 15. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 16. || align=center|'''?'''–0
|-
| 17. || 15 December 2010 || {{fbw|SRI}} || align=center|'''5'''–0 || align=center|7–0
|-
| 18. || 17 December 2010 || {{fbw|BAN}} || align=center|'''5'''–0 || align=center|6–0
|-
| 19. || 22 March 2011 || [[Bangabandhu National Stadium]], [[Motijheel]], Bangladesh || {{fbw|UZB}} || align=center|'''1'''–0 || align=center| 1–1 || [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's Asian Qualifiers|2012 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament]]
|}

==Other activities==
On 2 September 2022, Devi was elected as a member of the technical committee of the [[All India Football Federation]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/former-goalkeeper-kalyan-chaubey-appointed-new-aiff-president|title=Former goalkeeper Kalyan Chaubey appointed new AIFF President|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904100011/https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/former-goalkeeper-kalyan-chaubey-appointed-new-aiff-president|website=www.freepressjournal.com|publisher=The Free Press Journal|date=2 September 2022|access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-aiff-executive-committee-members-coopted-eminent-former-players-list|title=List of AIFF executive committee members & co-opted eminent players|date=2 September 2022|access-date=2 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904100030/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-aiff-executive-committee-members-coopted-eminent-former-players-list|website=khelnow.com|publisher=Khel Now}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AIFF Executive Committee appoints Shaji Prabhakaran as new Secretary General|url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-executive-committee-appoints-shaji-prabhakaran-as-new-secretary-general|website=www.the-aiff.com|publisher=[[All India Football Federation]]|first=AIFF|last=Media Team|language=en|date=3 September 2022|access-date=4 September 2022|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904095136/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/aiff-executive-committee-appoints-shaji-prabhakaran-as-new-secretary-general|archive-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>

==Honours==

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Women's Championship]]: [[2010 SAFF Women's Championship|2010]]
* [[Football at the South Asian Games|South Asian Games]] Gold medal: [[Football at the 2010 South Asian Games – Women's tournament|2010]]

'''Manipur'''
* [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]]: 1999–00,<ref>{{cite web |title=News for the month of May 2000 |url=http://indianfootball.de/news/m200005.html |author= Arunava Chaudhuri |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=30 January 2023 |date=29 May 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030616165159/http://indianfootball.de/news/m200005.html |archive-date=16 June 2003 }}</ref> 2000–01,<ref>{{cite web |title=News for the month of May 2001 |url=http://indianfootball.de/news/m200105.html |author= Arunava Chaudhuri |website=indianfootball.de |access-date=31 January 2023 |date=27 May 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021107213803/http://indianfootball.de/news/m200105.html |archive-date=7 November 2002 }}</ref> 2008–09<ref>{{cite web |title=Manipur's monopoly continues |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/manipurs-monopoly-continues/article29705909.ece |website=Sportstar |date=28 March 2009 |access-date=30 August 2022 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{India squad 2003 AFC Women's Championship}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tababi Devi, Thongam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1977 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Manipur]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in football]]
[[Category:2003 AFC Women's Championship players]]

{{India-women-footy-bio-stub}}
{{India-footy-forward-stub}}

Enippadikal (film)

2026-04-18T07:48:14Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started data - done

{{short description|Indian film by Thoppil Bhasi}}
{{for|the 1979 Tamil film by P. Madhavan|Enippadigal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Enippadikal
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[Thoppil Bhasi]]
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Enippadikal (novel)|Enippadikal]]''|[[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]}}
| producer =
| screenplay = Thoppil Bhasi
| starring = [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]<br />[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]<br />[[Jayabharathi]]<br />[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]
| music = [[G. Devarajan]]<br />Swathi Thirunal
| cinematography = P. Ramaswami
| editing = G. Venkittaraman
| studio = KPAC Films
| released = {{Film date|1973|02|09|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Enippadikal''''' ({{Translation|Rungs of the ladder}}) is a 1973 Indian Malayalam-language film, written and directed by [[Thoppil Bhasi]] based on [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]'s [[Enippadikal (novel)|novel of the same name]]. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]], [[Jayabharathi]] and [[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]] in the lead roles. It is based on the novel of the same name by [[Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai]]. Compositions by [[Travancore]] king [[Swathi Thirunal]] were also used in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഏണിപ്പടികള്‍ (1973) |url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4034 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021052303/https://www.malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4034 |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=30 August 2022 |website=malayalasangeetham.info |language=ml}}</ref><ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |last=Vijayakumar |first=B. |date=2 October 2017 |title=Enippadikal: 1973 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/enippadikal-1973/article19788677.ece |url-status=live |access-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711214715/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/enippadikal-1973/article19788677.ece |archive-date=11 July 2022}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{no plot|date=August 2022}}

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]
*[[Sharada (actress)|Sharada]]
*[[Jayabharathi]]
*[[Kaviyoor Ponnamma]]
*[[KPAC Lalitha]]
*[[Adoor Bhasi]]
*[[Sankaradi]]
*[[Adoor Pankajam]]
*[[Alummoodan]]
*[[Bahadoor]]
*[[Anandavally]]
*[[Jameela Malik]]
*[[Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair]]
*[[S. P. Pillai]]
*[[KPAC Beatrice]]
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[G. Devarajan]] and Swathi Thirunal and the lyrics were written by [[Vayalar]], [[Swathi Thirunal]], Jayadevar and [[Irayimman Thampi]].{{Cn|date=August 2022}} Poems by Irayimman Thampi and verses from Jayadeva's “Geetagovindam” included in the film were set to tune by Devarajan. The song "Praananaadhanenikku Nalkiya", despite its popularity, was banned by [[All India Radio]] for a while due to its explicit lyrics.<ref name="thehindu" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kanakakunnil Ninnu" || [[P. Madhuri]] || [[Vayalar]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Onnaam Maanam Poomaanam" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Vayalar ||
|-
| 3 || "Pankajaakshan Kadalvarnan" || [[P. Leela]], Chorus || Vayalar ||
|-
| 4 || "Praananaadhanenikku Nalkiya" || P. Madhuri || [[Irayimman Thampi]] ||
|-
| 5 || "Saarasa Suvadana" || [[M. G. Radhakrishnan]], [[Neyyattinkara Vasudevan]] || [[Swathi Thirunal]] ||
|-
| 6 || "Swaathanthryam" || [[P. Jayachandran]], P. Madhuri || Vayalar ||
|-
| 7 || "Yaahi Maadhava" || P. Madhuri, Chorus || [[Jayadeva]] ||
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0155696}}

[[Category:1973 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1973 Indian films]]
[[Category:1973 films]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films directed by Thoppil Bhasi]]

Mahendraganj Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:34:52Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: starting the entry added tags

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mahendraganj
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[South West Garo Hills district|South West Garo Hills]]
| established = 1972
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Mahendraganj Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 54
| mla = [[Sanjay Sangma|Sanjay A. Sangma]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:36609}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Mahendraganj''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |access-date= 30 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[South West Garo Hills district|South West Garo Hills]] district and it shares its international border with Bangladesh.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || [[Shamsul Hoque]] || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Manik Chandra Das || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| [[Lokhindor Hajong]]

|-
|[[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
| [[Dhabal Ch. Barman]]
|{{Full party name with color|Hill People's Union}}
|-
|[[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| [[Lokhindor Hajong]]
|{{Full party name with color|Meghalaya Progressive People's Party}}
|-
|[[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
| [[Abdus Saleh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Nidhu Ram Hajong]]
| {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
|[[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|[[Abdus Saleh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="2" scope="row" | [[Dikkanchi D. Shira]]<ref name=results2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3694-meghalaya-general-legislative-election-2018/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2018 - Meghalaya - Election Commission of India |website=|access-date= 30 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|[[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]<ref name="Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners22">{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/|title=Meghalaya Assembly elections results 2023: Check full list of winners|last1=The Indian Express|date=2 March 2023|access-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220134117/https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/meghalaya/meghalaya-assembly-elections-results-2023-winners-list-https-indianexpress-com-article-opinion-columns-supreme-court-censure-on-renaming-games-8473818/|archive-date=20 December 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise22">{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html|title=Meghalaya election result 2023: Full list of winners constituency-wise|last1=Hindustan Times|date=2 March 2023|access-date=20 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220134201/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-election-winner-list-2023-npp-bjp-tmc-congress-candidate-list-for-meghalaya-assembly-election-2023-leading-trailing-candidates-parties-101677727601523.html|archive-date=20 December 2023|language=en}}</ref>
|[[Sanjay Sangma|Sanjay A. Sangma]]
| {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=13,560 |percentage=41.47% |change={{increase}}24.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dikkanchi D Shira |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=11,842 |percentage=36.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tingku N Marak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,701 |percentage=20.49% |change={{decrease}}1.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sayeedullah Nongrum |party=Indian National Congress |votes=331 |percentage=1.01% |change={{decrease}}48.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=173 |percentage=0.53% |change={{decrease}}0.01 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,718 |percentage=5.25% |change= {{decrease}}23.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,697 |percentage=89.31% |change= {{decrease}}2.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,609 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dikkanchi D Shira |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,292 |percentage=49.95% |change={{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premananda Koch |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,207 |percentage=21.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sanjay Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=4,899 |percentage=17.12% |change={{increase}}11.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nidhu Ram Hajong |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,572 |percentage=5.49% |change={{decrease}}14.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roberth S Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=991 |percentage=3.46% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mafiara T. Sangma |party=Garo National Council |votes=168 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch Barman |party=Independent politician |votes=127 |percentage=0.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=155 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,085 |percentage=28.25% |change= {{decrease}}1.46 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,615 |percentage=91.86% |change= {{increase}}0.96 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,149 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}0.21 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dikkanchi D Shira |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,580 |percentage=50.16% |change={{increase}}6.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nimarson Momin |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,721 |percentage=20.45% |change={{increase}}17.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nidhu Ram Hajong |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=4,712 |percentage=20.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Semford B. Sangma |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=1,346 |percentage=5.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Silme Ch. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=298 |percentage=1.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mafiara T. Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=220 |percentage=0.95% |change={{decrease}}6.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ismail Agitok Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=209 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,859 |percentage=29.71% |change= {{increase}}24.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,086 |percentage=90.90% |change= {{decrease}}0.68 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,397 |ref = |change= {{increase}}43.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.84 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdus Saleh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,017 |percentage=43.32% |change={{increase}}41.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nidhu Ram Hajong |party=Independent politician |votes=6,143 |percentage=37.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sahidur Rahman |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,201 |percentage=7.41% |change={{decrease}}36.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Utpal Kumar Koch |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=846 |percentage=5.22% |change={{decrease}}6.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch. Barman |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=449 |percentage=2.77% |change={{decrease}}1.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piyali Phukan Hajong |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=426 |percentage=2.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sriniwas Dubey |party=Communist Party of India |votes=117 |percentage=0.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=874 |percentage=5.40% |change= {{decrease}}6.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,199 |percentage=91.58% |change= {{increase}}8.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,689 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.75 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Nidhu Ram Hajong |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=6,479 |percentage=44.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdus Saleh]] |party=Independent politician |votes=4,780 |percentage=32.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Ch. Barman |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,742 |percentage=11.85% |change={{decrease}}12.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Golam Mostafa |party=Independent politician |votes=903 |percentage=6.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch. Barman |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=598 |percentage=4.07% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukul Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=199 |percentage=1.35% |change={{decrease}}35.58 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,699 |percentage=11.56% |change= {{decrease}}0.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,701 |percentage=82.74% |change= {{decrease}}1.52 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,773 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.08 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.14 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Abdus Saleh]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,933 |percentage=36.93% |change={{increase}}15.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mahendra Modak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=3,294 |percentage=24.66% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nidhu Ram Hajong |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=2,029 |percentage=15.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch. Barman |party=Independent politician |votes=1,219 |percentage=9.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Premananda Koch |party=Independent politician |votes=755 |percentage=5.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Homendra Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=458 |percentage=3.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Srinivas Dubey |party=Independent politician |votes=311 |percentage=2.33% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,639 |percentage=12.27% |change= {{increase}}9.84 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,357 |percentage=86.62% |change= {{decrease}}3.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,857 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.29 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Meghalaya Progressive People's Party |swing= {{increase}}13.32 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lok Kindor Hajong |party=Meghalaya Progressive People's Party |votes=2,932 |percentage=23.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Chandra Barman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,630 |percentage=21.18% |change={{decrease}}19.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Homendra Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=2,409 |percentage=19.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Golam Medihi |party=Hill People's Union |votes=2,282 |percentage=18.38% |change={{decrease}}36.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abdul Hussain Sarkar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,984 |percentage=15.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alaudin Sheikh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=106 |percentage=0.85% |change={{decrease}}2.13 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Giridhari Barman |party=Independent politician |votes=75 |percentage=0.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=302 |percentage=2.43% |change= {{decrease}}11.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,418 |percentage=89.21% |change= {{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,122 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Meghalaya Progressive People's Party |loser=Hill People's Union |swing= {{decrease}}31.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch. Barman |party=Hill People's Union |votes=5,558 |percentage=54.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Harakanta Barman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,165 |percentage=40.93% |change={{increase}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alaudin Sheikh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=304 |percentage=2.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Asraf Ali |party=Independent politician |votes=59 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jithen Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=16 |percentage=0.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,393 |percentage=13.69% |change= {{increase}}5.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,177 |percentage=87.45% |change= {{increase}}3.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,851 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.16 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill People's Union |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}14.26 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lokhindor Hajong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,269 |percentage=40.35% |change={{decrease}}25.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shamsul Hoque]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,581 |percentage=31.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhabal Ch. Barman |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,208 |percentage=27.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jithen Sangma |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=43 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=688 |percentage=8.49% |change= {{decrease}}27.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,101 |percentage=84.89% |change= {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,781 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.55 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}25.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Manik Chandra Das |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,158 |percentage=66.00% |change={{increase}}34.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shamsul Hoque]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,326 |percentage=29.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bindo Barman |party=Independent politician |votes=155 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jithen Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=95 |percentage=1.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Romendra Ch. Das |party=Independent politician |votes=81 |percentage=1.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,832 |percentage=36.24% |change= {{increase}}23.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,815 |percentage=85.15% |change= {{increase}}17.59 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,446 |ref = |change= {{increase}}35.62 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}21.65 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Mahendraganj<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Shamsul Hoque]] |party=Independent politician |votes=2,012 |percentage=44.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khelaram Barman |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,434 |percentage=31.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manik Chandra Das |party=Independent politician |votes=548 |percentage=12.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baikuntha Nath Roy |party=Independent politician |votes=543 |percentage=11.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=578 |percentage=12.74% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,537 |percentage=69.72% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 6,965 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[West Garo Hills district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.3|89.85|display=title}}

[[Category:West Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Gopalpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:40:34Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started a article - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gopalpur
|type= SLA
|state = Himachal Pradesh
|established = 1967
|abolished = 2007
|electors = 72,951
|mla = Inder Singh
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| district = [[Mandi district|Mandi]]
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Gopalpur Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Hari Singh || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || rowspan=4 | Rangila Ram Rao
|-
| [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || Lila Devi Sharma || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=3 | Rangila Ram Rao || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] || Inder Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=28,898 |percentage=55.15% |change={{increase}}16.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,350 |percentage=40.74% |change={{decrease}}2.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Susheela Kumari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,130 |percentage=2.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjeev Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=518 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hukam Chand |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=285 |percentage=0.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Maheshwar Singh |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=153 |percentage=0.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,548 |percentage=14.40% |change= {{increase}}9.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,402 |percentage=71.83% |change= {{decrease}}1.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 72,951 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.83 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}11.49 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,959 |percentage=43.65% |change={{decrease}}6.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,440 |percentage=38.41% |change={{increase}}21.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teg Singh Thakur |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=5,639 |percentage=11.75% |change={{decrease}}19.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paro Devi |party=Loktantrik Morcha Himachal Pradesh |votes=1,094 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moti Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=809 |percentage=1.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vidya Sagar Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=680 |percentage=1.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=283 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,519 |percentage=5.25% |change= {{decrease}}14.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=48,011 |percentage=73.07% |change= {{increase}}1.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,822 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.04 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.85 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,574 |percentage=50.51% |change={{decrease}}15.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teg Singh Thakur |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=12,532 |percentage=30.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Inder Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,854 |percentage=16.83% |change={{decrease}}15.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shakti Chand |party=All India Rashtriya Janata Party |votes=410 |percentage=1.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Paro Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=366 |percentage=0.90% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,042 |percentage=19.74% |change= {{decrease}}14.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=40,736 |percentage=71.90% |change= {{decrease}}4.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 57,219 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}15.96 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,960 |percentage=66.46% |change={{increase}}18.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Randhir Singh Chamdel |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=12,552 |percentage=32.14% |change={{decrease}}16.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dina Nath Panchal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=320 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Nath Sharma |party=Janata Dal |votes=206 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,408 |percentage=34.33% |change= {{increase}}33.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,060 |percentage=76.48% |change= {{increase}}4.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 51,389 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}17.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lila Devi Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,021 |percentage=49.02% |change={{increase}}19.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,581 |percentage=47.76% |change={{decrease}}23.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Teg Singh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=417 |percentage=1.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yoginder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=246 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=440 |percentage=1.27% |change= {{decrease}}40.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,720 |percentage=71.62% |change= {{increase}}0.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,832 |ref = |change= {{increase}}33.39 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}21.81 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,423 |percentage=70.83% |change={{increase}}1.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lila Devi Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,586 |percentage=29.17% |change={{increase}}1.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,837 |percentage=41.67% |change= {{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,009 |percentage=71.77% |change= {{decrease}}4.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,609 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf|access-date=10 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,812 |percentage=69.33% |change={{increase}}3.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lila Devi Sharma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=7,130 |percentage=27.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Punya |party=Independent politician |votes=298 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=240 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,682 |percentage=41.58% |change= {{decrease}}9.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,692 |percentage=76.18% |change= {{increase}}9.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,092 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.94 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}3.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,735 |percentage=65.90% |change={{increase}}35.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,925 |percentage=15.14% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prabhu Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=2,786 |percentage=14.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hukum Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=879 |percentage=4.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,810 |percentage=50.76% |change= {{increase}}21.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,325 |percentage=66.71% |change= {{increase}}13.55 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,405 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}6.05 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Rangila Ram Rao |party=Independent politician |votes=8,692 |percentage=59.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,435 |percentage=30.54% |change={{decrease}}10.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajindera Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=757 |percentage=5.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=552 |percentage=3.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachiter Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=88 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,257 |percentage=29.31% |change= {{increase}}19.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,524 |percentage=53.88% |change= {{increase}}5.79 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,839 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.45 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}9.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Gopalpur<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=6,206 |percentage=50.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,963 |percentage=40.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=613 |percentage=5.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=463 |percentage=3.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,243 |percentage=10.15% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,245 |percentage=48.82% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,401 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{coords|32.14|76.45|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kangra district]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Dharamshala Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:33Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started new article

{{Short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dharamshala
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 18
| map_image = 18-Dharamshala constituency.svg
| mla = Sudhir Sharma<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-congress-mlas-who-cross-voted-in-favour-of-bjp-in-himachal-pradesh-rajya-sabha-polls-disqualified-5148484 |title=6 Himachal Congress MLAs, Who Cross-Voted In Rajya Sabha Polls, Disqualified|access-date=28 February 2024|website=NDTV|language=en}}</ref>
| party = [[BJP]]
| latest_election_year = ^2024
| state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kangra district|Kangra]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency|Kangra]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:83829}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2012 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=22 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|1}}
}}
'''Dharamshala Assembly constituency''' is one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]]. [[Dharamshala]] is also part of [[Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Dharamshala Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dharamshala.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= 1 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008|work=Election commission of India|access-date=1 November 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118160217/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=18 November 2017}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| R. K. Chand
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Chander Verker
|
|-
|[[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2| Brij Lal
|rowspan=2|
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Mool Raj Padhal
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=3| [[Kishan Kapoor]]
|rowspan=3|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
|[[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
| [[Chandresh Kumari]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| [[Kishan Kapoor]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
| [[Sudhir Sharma]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Kishan Kapoor]]<ref name=election2017/>
|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2019{{Efn|By-election}}
|[[Vishal Nehria]]
|
|-
|[[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| rowspan=2 |[[Sudhir Sharma]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|^[[2024 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly bye-elections|2024]]
|
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
{{notelist}}

== Election results ==
===Assembly By-election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|2024 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Dharamshala<ref name="2024 Bye Election Results - Dharamshala">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Bye Election Results - Dharamshala |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0818.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807143652/https://results.eci.gov.in/AcResultByeJune2024/candidateswise-S0818.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=28,066 |percentage=45.06 |change={{increase}} 5.00}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devinder Singh (Jaggi) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,540 |percentage=36.19 |change={{Down}} 9.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Chaudhary |party=Independent politician |votes=10,770 |percentage=17.29 |change=New }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=429 |percentage=0.82 |change={{increase}}0.09}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,526 |percentage=8.90 |change= {{increase}}7.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=62,280 |percentage=64.23% |change= {{decrease}}13.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,137 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.43 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=27,323 |percentage=45.53% |change={{increase}}29.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Choudhary |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,038 |percentage=40.06% |change={{decrease}}4.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vipan Nehria |party=Independent politician |votes=7,416 |percentage=12.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kulwant Singh Rana |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=527 |percentage=0.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=438 |percentage=0.73% |change={{decrease}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand Shukla |party=Independent politician |votes=170 |percentage=0.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Abhay Kumar Ashok |party=Independent politician |votes=98 |percentage=0.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,285 |percentage=5.47% |change= {{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=60,010 |percentage=71.59% |change= {{increase}}7.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,829 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.76 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly By-election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 elections in India#Himachal Pradesh|2019 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Vishal Nehria]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=23,498 |percentage=44.77% |change={{decrease}}0.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=16,740 |percentage=31.89% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Inder Karan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,212 |percentage=15.65% |change={{decrease}}24.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Puneesh Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=2,345 |percentage=4.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Manohar Lal Dhiman |party=Independent politician |votes=887 |percentage=1.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nisha Katoch |party=Independent politician |votes=435 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=429 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand Shukla |party=Independent politician |votes=368 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,758 |percentage=12.88% |change= {{increase}}7.68 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=52,485 |percentage=64.23% |change= {{decrease}}13.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 82,137 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=26,050 |percentage=45.13% |change={{increase}}11.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=23,053 |percentage=39.94% |change={{decrease}}4.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ravinder Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=2,127 |percentage=3.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Kumar (Panku) |party=Independent politician |votes=1,726 |percentage=2.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamal Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,655 |percentage=2.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=525 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pawan Choudhary |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=471 |percentage=0.82% |change={{decrease}}0.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Kajal |party=Bahujan Mukti Party |votes=307 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,997 |percentage=5.19% |change= {{decrease}}5.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=57,725 |percentage=77.11% |change= {{increase}}3.21 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,863 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.89 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Sudhir Sharma]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,241 |percentage=44.49% |change={{increase}}16.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,241 |percentage=34.02% |change={{decrease}}10.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamla Patiyal |party=Independent politician |votes=3,580 |percentage=7.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Dass (Nikku Purohit) |party=Independent politician |votes=2,269 |percentage=4.75% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashwani Kajal Chaudhary |party=Independent politician |votes=1,452 |percentage=3.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand Shukla |party=Independent politician |votes=649 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudershan Angaria |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=458 |percentage=0.96% |change={{decrease}}23.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chand |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=402 |percentage=0.84% |change={{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chinta Har |party=Trinamool Congress |votes=334 |percentage=0.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gulshan Kumar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=271 |percentage=0.57% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suraksha Devi |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=263 |percentage=0.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,000 |percentage=10.47% |change= {{decrease}}6.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,739 |percentage=73.90% |change= {{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,598 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,362 |percentage=44.13% |change={{increase}}4.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,746 |percentage=27.63% |change={{decrease}}24.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Major Vijay Singh Mankotia |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=11,331 |percentage=24.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapoor Singh Sapahya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,096 |percentage=2.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bimal |party=Adarsh Political Party |votes=571 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,616 |percentage=16.51% |change= {{increase}}4.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,138 |percentage=71.84% |change= {{decrease}}3.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 64,219 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.91 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=22,181 |percentage=52.04% |change={{increase}}13.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,063 |percentage=40.03% |change={{decrease}}8.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Swaroop |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=2,473 |percentage=5.80% |change={{increase}}3.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Uttam Kapoor |party=Independent politician |votes=423 |percentage=0.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaswant Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=246 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sudesh Kumar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=237 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,118 |percentage=12.01% |change= {{increase}}2.07 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=42,623 |percentage=75.53% |change= {{increase}}6.38 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 56,459 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.58 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.10 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,522 |percentage=48.94% |change={{increase}}11.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Swaroop |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,167 |percentage=39.00% |change={{increase}}2.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapoor Singh Sapahya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=1,550 |percentage=4.59% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amin Chand Chaudhary |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=846 |percentage=2.51% |change={{decrease}}2.03 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Narayan |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=657 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nanak Barsain (Jubilee) |party=Independent politician |votes=566 |percentage=1.68% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidhi Chand Choudhary |party=Janata Dal |votes=316 |percentage=0.94% |change={{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,355 |percentage=9.94% |change= {{increase}}8.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,760 |percentage=69.99% |change= {{decrease}}4.05 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,849 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.10 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,950 |percentage=37.48% |change={{decrease}}31.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,533 |percentage=36.18% |change={{increase}}17.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Raj Padha |party=Independent politician |votes=4,457 |percentage=13.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,569 |percentage=4.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amin Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,447 |percentage=4.54% |change={{increase}}2.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjit Singh |party=Janata Dal |votes=711 |percentage=2.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=417 |percentage=1.31% |change= {{decrease}}49.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,881 |percentage=73.73% |change= {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,576 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.60 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}31.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,666 |percentage=69.45% |change={{increase}}25.48 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Raj Padha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,003 |percentage=18.62% |change={{decrease}}30.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kamlesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=1,264 |percentage=4.70% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kapoor Singh Saphaya |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=971 |percentage=3.61% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bashir |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=558 |percentage=2.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=13,663 |percentage=50.84% |change= {{increase}}45.87 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=26,876 |percentage=64.99% |change= {{decrease}}7.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,660 |ref = |change= {{increase}}37.28 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}20.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Raj Padha |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,663 |percentage=48.94% |change={{increase}}15.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kishan Kapoor]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,580 |percentage=43.97% |change={{decrease}}2.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dil Vikram Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=914 |percentage=4.20% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rakesh Narayan |party=Communist Party of India |votes=567 |percentage=2.60% |change={{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,083 |percentage=4.97% |change= {{decrease}}7.40 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,787 |percentage=72.74% |change= {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,347 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.65 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Lal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,513 |percentage=46.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mool Raj Sharma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,971 |percentage=33.92% |change={{decrease}}4.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Verkar |party=Independent politician |votes=2,511 |percentage=12.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=832 |percentage=4.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sital Ram |party=Janata Party |votes=250 |percentage=1.22% |change={{decrease}}56.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shiv Shankar |party=Lokdal |votes=151 |percentage=0.73% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Swami Shanta Nand |party=Independent politician |votes=105 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Singh Kaistha |party=Independent politician |votes=102 |percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,542 |percentage=12.37% |change= {{decrease}}7.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,549 |percentage=76.33% |change= {{increase}}15.64 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 27,477 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.26 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Lal |party=Janata Party |votes=8,576 |percentage=58.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Verkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,649 |percentage=38.32% |change={{increase}}8.67 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sital Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=346 |percentage=2.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=117 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,927 |percentage=19.86% |change= {{increase}}18.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,740 |percentage=59.94% |change= {{increase}}10.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,920 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.97 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}28.53 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chander Verkar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,032 |percentage=29.65% |change={{decrease}}7.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Brij Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=2,842 |percentage=27.79% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,539 |percentage=15.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sital Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=949 |percentage=9.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Onkar Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=856 |percentage=8.37% |change={{decrease}}27.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Roshan Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=502 |percentage=4.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bipan Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=358 |percentage=3.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karm Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=147 |percentage=1.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=190 |percentage=1.86% |change= {{increase}}0.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,225 |percentage=49.97% |change= {{increase}}2.03 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 20,946 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}15.89 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.69 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharamshala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=R. K. Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,351 |percentage=37.34% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=4,162 |percentage=35.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=P. Nabh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,129 |percentage=9.69% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. Karan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,077 |percentage=9.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=B. Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=639 |percentage=5.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=293 |percentage=2.51% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=189 |percentage=1.62% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,651 |percentage=50.67% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,904 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Dharamshala]]
* [[Kangra district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Himachal Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/74-himachal-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{Himachal Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|32.22|76.32|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kangra district]]
[[Category:Dharamshala]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Janani (TV series)

2026-04-05T22:49:39Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Added...

{{Other uses|Janani (disambiguation){{!}}Janani}}
{{short description|Indian Kannada-language soap opera}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_alt =
| genre = {{plainlist|
* [[Family]]
* [[Drama]]
}}
| producer = [[Chi. Guru Dutt]]
| writer = Sri Devi Manjunath
| screenplay =
| director = Honnesh Ramachandra
| story = Dialogues: Sri Devi Manjunath
| opentheme = ''Gudiya Huduki Horata Hennu'' <br/> [[Anuradha Bhat]] (Vocals)
| starring = {{ubl|Varshika Nayak|Shwetha B||Varshitha Seni}}
| company = Sharada Cinemas
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20–22 minutes
| network = [[Udaya TV]]
| related = [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2022|08|15|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2024|10|27|df=y}}
}}

'''''Janani''''' is a 2022 Indian-[[Kannada]] language [[family]] [[drama]] which premiered on [[Udaya TV]] on 15 August 2022 and ended on 27 October 2024, starring Varshika, Shwetha, Roopa and Varshitha Seni. The show is an official remake of critically acclaimed [[Tamil (language)|Tamil]] serial [[Ethirneechal (TV series)|''Ethirneechal'']].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/janani-serial-udaya-tv-star-cast/|title=Janani Serial Udaya TV Launching on 15th August at 09:00 PM – Monday to Saturday|website=IndianTVInfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/television/udaya-tv-new-serial-janani-go-on-air-from-15th-august-mdn-au42-427963.html|title=ಹೆಣ್ಣಿನ ಸಾಧನೆ-ವೇದನೆಯ ಕಥೆಯೇ 'ಜನನಿ'; ಉದಯ ಟಿವಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಸೀರಿಯಲ್|website=TV9 Kannada|date=15 August 2022 |language=kn}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
{{cast listing|
*Varshika Nayak as Janani Pruthviraj
*Shwetha B<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Shwetha|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJcU4Ph0FQ|title=Shwetha Talk about their Character in Janani|publisher=[[Udaya TV]]|date=12 August 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> as Bharghavi Dharmaraj
*Roopa (2022 - 2023) / Ruthu Sai as Vani Yatiraj
*Shilpa Iyer (2022-2023) / Varshitha Seni (2023 - ) as Anagha Keerthiraj
}}

===Supporting===
{{cast listing|
*Muniraju<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Muni|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NJcU4Ph0FQ|title=Muni Talk about their Character in Janani|publisher=[[Udaya TV]]|date=12 August 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> as Dharma Raj
*Kiran Kinnu (2022 - 2023) / Bhavish Gowda (2023 - ) as Pruthvi Raj
*Pushpa Swami<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Pushpa Swami|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0X8gjRwJ04|title=Pushpa Swami talks about her role in Janani|publisher=[[Udaya TV]]|date=14 August 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> as Jayamma
*[[Shylashri]] (2022 - 2023) / Vijaya Latha K (2023 - ) as S.Tara Devi M.A.
*Lakshman<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Lakshman|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2gevnqBofU|title=Lakshman Talks about his Character in Janani|publisher=[[Udaya TV]]|date=14 August 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> (2022 - 2023) / Santosh (2023 - ) as Yati Raj
*Arunkumar Gowda<ref>{{cite AV media|people=Arun|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsqa7TJ9q84|title=Arun Talk about their Character in Janani|publisher=[[Udaya TV]]|date=15 August 2022|access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> as Keerthi Raj
*Bhanupriya Shetty as Aishwarya
*Pradeep Tiptur
*Divya Gopal
*Radhika Shetty
*Santosh Raj as Gowtham
*Shashank S Wazarkar as S K Raj Varma
*Sushma Shekhar as Bhuvaneshwari
}}

==Production==
*The serial marks the debut of actor [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as a producer for the first time.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/tv/news/actor-producer-chi-guru-dutts-janani-kannada-serial-will-premiere-from-august-15th/articleshow/93475994.cms|title=ಚಿ. ಗುರುದತ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಶುರುವಾಗಲಿದೆ ಹೊಸ ಕೌಟುಂಬಿಕ ಧಾರಾವಾಹಿ 'ಜನನಿ'|website=Vijay Karnataka|language=kn}}</ref>

== Adaptations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:Violet; "| Language
! style="background:Violet; "| Title
! style="background:Violet; "| Original release
! style="background:Violet; "| Network(s)
! style="background:Violet; "| Last aired
! style="background:Violet; "| Notes
! style="background:Violet; "| Ref.
|-
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|''[[Ethirneechal (TV series)|Ethirneechal]] எதிர்நீச்சல்''
|7 February 2022
|[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|8 June 2024
|Original
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-thiruselvam-making-comeback-to-tamil-tv-with-ethir-neechal-4734995.html|title=Director Thiruselvam making comeback to Tamil TV with Ethir Neechal on Sun TV|website=www.news18.com|date=4 February 2022 |language=en|access-date=8 February 2022|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208165550/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/director-thiruselvam-making-comeback-to-tamil-tv-with-ethir-neechal-4734995.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|''[[Uppena (TV series)|Uppena]] ఉప్పెన''
|4 April 2022
|[[Gemini TV]]
|22 June 2024
| rowspan="5" |Remake
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uppena Gemini TV Serial Launching On 4th April - Remake Of Ethirneechal |url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/uppena-gemini-serial-cast/|website=Indian TV News |date=April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Malayalam]]
|''[[Kanalpoovu]] കനല്പ്പൂവ്''
|24 July 2022
|[[Surya TV]]
|rowspan=2|27 October 2024
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanalpoovu Surya TV Serial Cast|url=https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/photo-gallery/kanalpoovu-serial-telecasting-in-surya-tv-location-photos-shared-by-actor-naveen-arakkal-127687|website=Zee News|access-date=30 June 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630121046/https://zeenews.india.com/malayalam/photo-gallery/kanalpoovu-serial-telecasting-in-surya-tv-location-photos-shared-by-actor-naveen-arakkal-127687|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kannada]]
|''Janani <br/> ಜನನಿ''
|15 August 2022
|[[Udaya TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiantvinfo.com/janani-serial-udaya-tv-star-cast/|title=Janani Serial Udaya TV Launching on 15th August at 09:00 PM – Monday to Saturday|website=IndianTVInfo|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|''Alor Theekana আলোর ঠিকানা''
|19 September 2022
|[[Sun Bangla]]
|15 October 2023
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tv9bangla.com/entertainment/sun-bangla-new-serial-alor-thikana-know-all-about-from-plot-to-cast-au60-646470.html|title=Sun Bangla New Serial Alor Theekana! Know All About From Plot to Cast|website=TV9 Bangla|language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|''Shabbas Sunbai शाब्बास सूनबाई''
|14 November 2022
|[[Sun Marathi]]
|15 July 2023
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=The story of a girl, who from birth, was blessed to be first in everything in life, don't forget to watch the new serial "Shabbas Sunbai" only on Sun Marathi|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CkOP4c7pMTM/?hl=en|website=[[Instagram]]|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Sun Udaya original programming]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television shows]]
[[Category:Kannada-language television series based on Tamil-language television series]]

{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Neoserica nilgiriana

2026-04-03T13:10:57Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: adding first pg initial version - done

{{Short description|Species of beetle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Neoserica_nilgiriana.jpg
| image_caption =
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| genus= Neoserica
| species = nilgiriana
| authority = [[Dirk Ahrens|Ahrens]] & [[Silvia Fabrizi|Fabrizi]], 2016<ref>[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1674576/ BioLib]</ref>
| synonyms =
}}
'''''Neoserica nilgiriana''''' is a species of [[beetle]] of the family [[Scarabaeidae]]. It is found in India (Nilgiri Hills).<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1= Fabrizi |first1= Silvia|last2= Ahrens |first2= Dirk|date= 2016|title= A monograph of Sericini of India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).|url= http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de/articles/bzb-2016|journal= Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum|volume= 65|issue= |publisher= |pages= 1–355|doi= |access-date= October 28, 2025}} {{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4}}</ref>

==Description==
Adults reach a length of about 11.7–12.1 mm. They have a dark brown, oblong body. The antennal club and posterior legs are yellowish brown and the dorsal surface is dull and sparsely setose.<ref name=":0" />

==Etymology==
The species name refers to its occurrence in the [[Nilgiri Hills]].<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q28796059}}

[[Category:Beetles described in 2016]]
[[Category:Beetles of India]]
[[Category:Neoserica|nilgiriana]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Dirk Ahrens]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Silvia Fabrizi]]

{{Neoserica-stub}}

Chakala (J. B. Nagar) metro station

2026-04-03T01:13:50Z

Chardhamyatrahotels:

{{Short description|Mumbai Metro's Blue Line 1 metro station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station|
| name = Chakala (J.B. Nagar)
| native_name = {{nobold|चकाला (जे.बी. नगर)}}
| style = Mumbai Metro One
| image = Chakala (J B Nagar) metro station.jpg
| image_upright = 1.3
| caption =

| address = Andheri - Kurla Rd, J B Nagar, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400059
| coordinates = {{coord|19.112045|N|72.867696|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| operator = [[File:Logo of Mumbai Metro Line 1.svg|22px|link=Mumbai_Metro_One]] [[Mumbai Metro One Pvt Ltd]]
| line = {{rcb|Mumbai Metro|Line 1|croute}}
| platforms = 2 [[side platforms]]
| connections =

| structure = [[Elevated]]
| parking =
| bicycle =
| accessible = Yes<ref name="map">{{cite web|title=Chakala metro station layout|website=reliancemumbaimetro.com|access-date=January 6, 2024|url=https://www.reliancemumbaimetro.com/images/station-layout/chakala.jpg}}</ref>
| code = CHK

| opened = {{Start date and age|2014|06|08|df=y}}
| passengers =
| pass_system =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_rank =

| services = {{adjstn|system=Mumbai Metro One|line=1|left=Western Express Highway|right=Airport Road}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail|marker-color = #{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|Line 1}}}}
}}

'''Chakala (J.B. Nagar)''' (Officially known as '''''[[IndusInd Bank]]'' Chakala (J.B. Nagar)''') is an elevated metro station on the East-West Corridor of the [[Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)|Blue Line 1]] of [[Mumbai Metro]], serving the [[JB Nagar]] neighbourhood of [[Andheri]] in [[Mumbai]]. It was opened to the public on 8 June 2014.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/mumbai-metro-hits-tracks-and-handful-of-speed-bumps/15363181 | title=Mumbai Metro hits tracks, and handful of speed bumps | date=9 June 2014 }}</ref>

Chakala station is located 1.5–2 km away from the Chakala, neighbourhood of Andheri. The station is close to the JB Nagar bus stop. Local residents opposed the current name and held protest marches demanding that the station be named JB Nagar station.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaimirror.com/mumbai/others/Chakala-Metro-Station-is-2-km-from-Chakala/articleshow/28353826.cms|title = Chakala Metro Station is 2 km from Chakala}}</ref>

==History==
Legislator Krishna Hegde stated that it would be difficult to change the name at this point, and suggested the name be changed to Chakala (J B Nagar) in the interim. UPS Madan stated, "The Chakala issue is being processed. It requires an amendment in the notification by the Union ministry of urban development. No corrections are required in case of other stations." Mumbai Metro One Private Ltd (MMOPL) stated on 8 March 2014 that to date no official request to change the name had been received.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Metro-station-at-Chakala-may-be-renamed-JB-Nagar/articleshow/31626822.cms|title=Metro station at Chakala may be renamed JB Nagar | Mumbai News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

Upon the metro line being commissioned for passengers, the BEST launched a special bus service '''Metro Pheri 1''' which brings commuters from a distance to the closest of the three metro stations it serves. It runs from [[SEEPZ]] and via the B cross road arrives at Chakala (J.B.Nagar) metro station runs parallel to the metro line alongside Andheri Kurla Road touching [[Airport Road metro station]] and [[Marol Naka metro station]] then via Marol Maroshi Road back to [[SEEPZ]].

== Station layout ==
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''2nd Floor'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''<span style=color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|1}}>Platform 1</span>'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 1|Right}} <small>({{stl|Mumbai Metro|Airport Road}})</small> →
|-
| height=45|<span style=color:#{{rail color|Mumbai Metro|1}}>'''Platform 2'''</span>
| ← towards {{ltl|Mumbai Metro|line 1|Left}} <small>({{stl|Mumbai Metro|WEH}})</small>
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]] {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="vertical-align:top"|'''1st Floor'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Mezzanine
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''Ground'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

==Facilities==

List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Chakala (J.B.Nagar) metro station are

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Metro Pheri 1 route map.jpg|Metro Pheri 1 route map
Chakala metro station.jpg|Chakala metro station
</gallery>

==Entrances and exits==
*'''1''' - Near [[Kotak Mahindra Bank]], Exit for [[MIDC]]<ref name=map/>
*'''2''' - Near Hotel Kohinoor Continental<ref name=map/>
*'''3''' - Near Trade Star, Sahar Plaza {{Access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>
*'''4''' - Near Hotel Gopal Krishna, Towards J.B. Nagar {{Access icon|15px|Wheelchair user access}}<ref name=map/>
*'''5''' - Near [[ICICI Bank]]<ref name=map/>
*'''6''' - Towards Solitaire Park, Gurudwara<ref name=map/>

==See also==
*[[Public transport in Mumbai]]
*[[List of Mumbai Metro stations]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[List of Metro Systems]]

{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Train|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Mumbai Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Mumbai}}
*[http://www.reliancemumbaimetro.com/ The official site of Mumbai Metro]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Mumbai Metro navbox|line 1=yes}}

[[Category:Mumbai Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2014]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Andheri]]

Sandeep Jaiswal

2026-03-30T16:02:31Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new new entry - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Murwara Assembly constituency|Murwara]]
| term_start = 2013
| term_end =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
}}
'''Sandeep Shriprasad Jaiswal''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a three time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]], [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]], and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Murwara Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mudwara, Election Result 2023 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates & Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2023 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/madhya-pradesh/murwara-constituency-s12aed2008a093/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-11 |title=Mudwara Assembly election results 2018: BJP's candidate Sandip Shriprasad Jaiswal wins |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/mp-election/article/murwara-assembly-constituency-election-2018-bjps-sandeep-jaiswal-to-compete-against-congresss-mithilesh-jain-in-2018-election-legislative-poll-madhya/315340 |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaiswal, Sandeep}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

National Security Act, 1980

2026-03-26T09:14:55Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: starting some article v1

{{Short description|Act of the Parliament of India}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = National Security Act, 1980
| imagesize = 150
| imagealt = National Security Act (India)1980
| long_title = An Act to provide for preventive detention in certain cases and for matters connected therewith.
| citation = [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/ISdivII_NSAAct1980_20122018%5B1%5D.pdf Act No. 65 of 1980 ]
| territorial_extent = {{flag|India}}
| signed_by = [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br /> {{small|[[President of India]]}}
| enacted_by = [[Parliament of India]]
| date_assented = 27 December 1980
| date_commenced = 27 December 1980
| keywords = Central Government, State Government, detention order, foreigner
| status = in force
}}

The '''National Security Act, 1980''' is an act of the [[Indian Parliament]] promulgated on 23 September 1980<ref>{{Cite web|title = NSA, A Weapon of Repression|url = http://www.pucl.org/from-archives/may81/nsa.htm|website = www.pucl.org|access-date = 2015-10-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185901/http://www.pucl.org/from-archives/may81/nsa.htm|archive-date = 4 March 2016|url-status = dead}}</ref> whose purpose is ''"to provide for preventive detention in certain cases and for matters connected therewith".''<ref name=National_Security_Act_1980>{{cite web|title=NSA, 1980|url=http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/National_Security_Act1980.pdf|publisher=Home Ministry, Govt of India|access-date=17 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203042922/http://mha.nic.in/pdfs/National_Security_Act1980.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2013 }}</ref> The act extends to the whole of [[India]]. It Contains 18 sections. This act empowers the [[Indian Government|Central Government]] and State Governments to detain a person to prevent him/her from acting in any manner prejudicial to the security of India, the relations of India with foreign countries, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community it is necessary so to do. The act also gives power to the governments to detain a foreigner in a view to regulate his presence or expel from the country. The act was passed in 1980 during the [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi Government]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Dour farm leader of 76 named as India's fifth PM |newspaper=[[Montreal Gazette]] |date=27 July 1979 |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nRQyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dqQFAAAAIBAJ&dq=charan%20singh%20becomes%20prime%20minister&pg=3913%2C3452059}}</ref>

As per a 1993 report 72.3 percent of 3783 people under the law were later released due to lack of evidence.<ref name="GangulyDiamond2007">{{cite book|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|last2=Diamond|first2=Larry|last3=Plattner|first3=Marc F.|title=The State of India's Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lgs1tFTh-JMC&pg=PA130|date=13 August 2007|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8791-8|pages=130–}}</ref>

== Historical background ==
{{unref|section|date=May 2025}}
The National Security Act is not the first law of its kind to be enacted in India. The Defense of India Act of 1915 was amended at the time of the First World War to [[Enable Networks|enable]] the state to detain a citizen preventively. The Rowlatt Committee, approved after the First World War, recommended that the harsh and repressive I provisions of the Defense of India Act be retained permanently on the statute books. The interesting feature of the Rowlatt Bills was that they empowered the State to detain a citizen without giving the detainee any right to move the law courts, and even the assistance of lawyers was denied to a detainee. The Jallianwalla Bagh tragedy was a direct result of the protest against these Rowlatt Bills.

The Government of India Act, 1935 gave the powers of preventive detention to the State for reasons connected with defense, external affairs or discharge of functions of the Crown in its relations with the Indian States. The provincial legislatures had the power to formulate laws for reasons connected with the Maintenance of Public Order
When the Constitution of India was enacted, Article 21 guaranteed to every person the right of life and liberty which could not be denied to him without honoring the due procedure established by law. In A.K. Gopalan's case the Supreme Court distinguished "the procedure established by law" from the "due process of law" saying that any procedure duly enacted would be a "procedure established by law". However, this view now stands reversed in Maneka Gandhi's case where the Supreme Court has held that the "procedure established by law" must also be just, fair and reasonable.

Article 22 of the Constitution laid down the scheme under which a preventive detention law could be enacted. The PD Act 1950 was enacted and it continued to be on the statute book until the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) was enacted in 1971. The MISA was repealed in 1977. And the only period in the Indian republic without any preventive detention law was the three-year period, beginning with the repeal of MISA in 1977 to the promulgation of the NSA in 1980.

== Detention ==
The maximum period of detention is 12 months. The order can also be made by the [[District Magistrate]] or a [[Commissioner of Police]] under their respective jurisdictions, but the detention should be reported to the State Government along with the grounds on which the order has been made. No such order shall remain in force for more than twelve days unless approved by the State Government. The National Security Act may also be invoked if a person assaults a policeman on duty.<ref name=National_Security_Act_1980/>

== Criticism ==
The National Security Act along with other laws allowing preventive detention have come under wide criticism for their alleged misuse. The act's constitutional validity even during peacetime has been described by some sections as an [[anachronism]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Preventive detention an anachronism|url = http://www.thehindu.com/op/2004/09/07/stories/2004090700101500.htm|archive-url = https://archive.today/20150308120948/http://www.thehindu.com/op/2004/09/07/stories/2004090700101500.htm|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2015-03-08|website = [[The Hindu]]|date = 2004-09-07|access-date = 2015-10-10}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Acts of the Parliament of India 1980]]
[[Category:1980 in Indian law]]
[[Category:Charan Singh administration]]

1885 Bengal earthquake

2026-03-20T19:37:07Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: page

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Short description|Earthquake in South Asia}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 1885 Bengal earthquake
| pre-1900 = yes
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map2 =
| places =
| timestamp = 1885-07-14
| local-date = 14 July 1885<ref>[https://cires1.colorado.edu/~bilham/Oldham/Middlemiss/MiddlemissBibliography.htm Bibliography of Charles Middlemiss]</ref>
| local-time =
| duration =
| magnitude =
| depth =
| location =
| type =
| affected =
| damages =
| intensity =
| pga = 
| tsunami =
| landslide =
| foreshocks =
| aftershocks =
| casualties =
}}
The '''1885 Bengal earthquake''', also known as the '''Manikganj earthquake''' occurred on 14 July in [[Manikganj]].<ref>[https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/05/28/d505281501106.htm The 1885 Bengal Earthquake - Daily Star - Dr. Aftab Alam Khan]</ref>

The damaging earthquake caused widespread destruction in Dhaka.<ref>[https://cloud-storage.globalquakemodel.org/public/wix-new-website/pdf-collections-wix/projects/bangladesh/outreach/UNDRR-GEM%20Bangladesh%20-%20Technical%20Panel%20-%20Session%202%20-%20Scenario%20Ruptures.pdf Scenario earthquakes for Bangladesh hazard analysis]</ref> Its epicentre was about 60 kilometres from Dhaka city - and was estimated to be 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale.<ref>[https://archive.nyu.edu/bitstream/2451/44201/2/Water%20Market%20Actors%20in%20Dhaka.pdf Water Market Actors in Dhaka: Strengthening Earthquake Resilience and Preparedness Page 16]</ref> The earthquake was felt throughout [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]] extending westwards into [[Chota Nagpur Division|Chota Nagpur]] and [[Bihar]], northwards into [[Sikkim]] and [[Bhutan]], as well eastwards into [[Assam]], [[Manipur]] and [[Burma]].<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/document/38317389/Bengal-Earthquake-of-14-July1885 Middlemiss CS (1885) Report on the Bengal earthquake of July 14, 1885.]</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of historical earthquakes]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:July 1885]]
[[Category:1885 in Asia]]
[[Category:1885 earthquakes]]
[[Category:1880s disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:Bengal Presidency]]

Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684)

2026-03-16T19:22:01Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Starting The Bio W/ Infobox

{{Short description|1684 battle in India}}{{Multiple issues|{{Verification|date = January 2025}}
{{Rewritten|date = January 2025}}}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Mughal invasion of Konkan (1684)
| place = [[Konkan]] region, specifically South Konkan and North Konkan.
| partof = [[Deccan wars]]
| image_size =
| date = {{start and end dates|1683|8|20|1684|5|24|df=yes}} {{nwr|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=08|day1=20|year1=1683|month2=5|day2=24|year2=1684}})}}
| territory =
| result = Maratha victory<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2FDAAAAYAAJ&q=Muazzam+Konkan | title=History of South India: Medieval period | last1=Chopra | first1=Pran Nath | last2=Ravindran | first2=T. K. | last3=Subrahmanian | first3=N. | date=13 February 1979 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=Muazzam+Konkan&pg=PA3 | title=Later Mughal | last1=Irvine | first1=William | date=13 February 1971 }}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|23px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|23px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}} [[Sambhaji]]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}} [[Hambirrao Mohite]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Muhammad Mu'azzam|Mu'azzam]]{{WIA}}<br>{{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} Shahabuddin Khan
| strength1 = Exact number unknown, estimates indicate ~ 10,000–15,000<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
| strength2 = 100,000–110,000 soldiers<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Bendre|first=V.S.|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji|publisher=Parshva Publications|year=2013|isbn=|edition=4th|location=Kolhapur|pages=384, 385, 399, 400}}</ref>
| casualties1 = Negligible
| casualties2 = ~100,000 killed
| units2 = 40,000–45,000 cavalry<br>60,000 infantry<br>1,900 elephants<br>2,000 camels<br>5,000 guards of hasan ali<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />
}}
'''Mughal invasion of Konkan (1684)''' was a part of the [[Deccan wars]]. It was a military campaign launched by the Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] to capture the [[Konkan]] region from the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha emperor]] [[Sambhaji]]. The Mughal forces were led by [[Bahadur Shah I|Shah Alam I (Muazzam)]] and Shahbuddin Khan. The harsh climate and Maratha [[guerrilla]] tactics caused the numerically stronger Mughal troops to go into a slow retreat. The [[Maratha Army|Maratha army]] suffered small losses in this unsuccessful campaign of the [[Moghal Empire|Mughal Empire]].

Most of the troops died due to [[famine]], drought, food poisoning, and a general lack of food. Nearly one third of the total troops were killed by Marathas under Sambhaji at the narrow passage of Ramghat. The remaining few thousand troops including Shah Alam were rescued by the [[Siddis]] and Ruhulla Khan and then joined [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] camp.<ref name=":2" />

== Background ==
{{Verification|section|date=January 2025}}{{Campaignbox Later Mughal-Maratha Wars}}
[[Aurangzeb]] tried attacking the Maratha Empire from all directions, intending to use the Mughal numerical superiority to his advantage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pagdi |first=Setumadhava Rao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LXQBAAAAMAAJ&q=Muazzam+Konkan |title=Lectures on Maratha Mughal Relations, 1680-1707 |date=1966 |publisher=Printed at Nagpur Vidyapeeth Mudranalaya |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> [[Sambhaji]] had prepared well for the invasions and the Maratha forces promptly engaged the numerically larger Mughal army in several small battles using guerrilla warfare tactics. However, [[Sambhaji]] and his generals attacked and defeated the Mughal generals whenever they got an opportunity to lure the Mughal generals into decisive battles in the Maratha stronghold territories. [[Sambhaji]] had devised a strategy of minimising the losses on his side. If there was an opportunity then the Maratha army attacked decisively, however, if the Mughals were too strong in numbers, then the Marathas used to retreat. This proved to be a very effective strategy as Aurangzeb's generals were not able capture the Maratha territories for three years continuously. Aurangzeb then decided to attack the Maratha capital [[Raigad Fort]] directly from the north and south. He made a [[Pincer movement|pincer]] attempt to surround the Maratha Capital that led to Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684).{{cn|date=January 2024}}

== Preparations ==
In late 1683, Sambhaji thrashed and put pressure on the [[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein]], in a campaign known as [[Sambhaji's invasion of Goa (1683)]]. Goa was almost captured and the viceroy of [[Goa]] asked Aurangzeb for immediate assistance. At this same time Aurangzeb devised a pincer attempt to attack the Maratha capital at [[Raigad Fort]] from the North and the South. He sent his general Shahbuddin Khan to attack [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]] through North Konkan from his position in [[Gujarat Subah]]. The other Mughal flank was led by Prince [[Bahadur Shah I|Muazzam]] with a 100,000 strong force. His army consisted of 40,000 horsemen, 60,000 footmen, 1900 elephants and 2000 camels.<ref name=":0" />

Both [[Sambhaji]] and the viceroy had information that Mughal prince Muazzam was coming to the aid of Portuguese with a 100,000 strong force. [[Sambhaji]] decided to make use of his army against the Portuguese before the Mughal army could reach South Konkan. Sambhaji stormed the colony taking its forts.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Glenn|first=Joseph Ames|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfMNfsOMUHwC&pg=PA155|title=Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia c.1640-1683|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-90-5356-382-3|location=Amsterdam|pages=155}}</ref> On 11 December 1683, Sambhaji's army attacked [[Salsette Island|Salsette]] and [[Bardez]]. Sambhaji had 6000 cavalry and 8-10 thousand infantries with him. The Marathas plundered Bardesh and town of Madgaon. The Portuguese successfully defended only Aguada, Reis-Magos, Raitur and [[Mormugao|Murgaon]] forts against the onslaught of the Marathas. All the other forts were captured by the Marathas. The owner of the French factory in [[Surat]], Francois Martin, has described the poor condition of the Portuguese, he said the viceroy was completely dependent on Mughal aid now.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

After having captured Salsette and Bardesh (Bardez) the Marathas were eager to take the island of Goa as well. The viceroy feared that if the things remained unchanged, [[Sambhaji]] would soon conquer the island of Goa. He went to the body of St. Francis Xavier, lying in the [[Basilica of Bom Jesus|Bom Jesus]] church in old Goa, and placed his [[sceptre]] on the dead saint's hand and prayed for his grace to avert the Maratha threat. When [[Sambhaji]] learnt of Muazzam's approach from Ramghat which is 30 miles from Goa, he withdrew all his forces to Raigad on 2 January 1684.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Pissurlencar|first=P.S.|url=|title=PORTUGUESE-MARATHA RELATIONS|publisher=Maharashtra State board for literature and culture|year=1983|isbn=|location=Mumbai|pages=96}}</ref> [[Sambhaji]] didn't want to get trapped between Portuguese and Mughal armies, hence he decided to adopt a defensive strategy. Orleans said that "[[Sambhaji]] didn't consider himself strong enough to resist such huge numbers and thought of securing safety by a masterly retreat which he affected so cleverly that he retired to his fastness before the Moghuls could engage him". Sambhaji retreated home before the Mughals could attack him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Gokhale|first=Kamal|title=Shivputra Sambhaji|publisher=Continental Publications|year=2019|isbn=|edition=6th|location=Pune|pages=288–296}}</ref> After returning home, Sambhaji learnt of the huge force of Muazzam, and hence to face the large Mughal army, [[Sambhaji]] started to increase the strength of his army.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

== Events in the campaign ==
On 28 December 1683, Muazzam burned down the towns of [[Kudal]] and Bande. On 15 January 1684, he burned down Dicholi; the forces of Muazzam destroyed temples and looted the port of [[Vengurla]]. The Mughal forces faced severe food shortages, his soldiers were starving, hence he ordered Khairatkhan and [[Yakut Khan|Yakutkhan]] of Surat to send him food supplies. Muazzam asked for permission to pass his ships carrying food which were granted by Portuguese. The Portuguese sent a lawyer to Muazzam requesting Alam not to retreat from Konkan and keep fighting against Sambhaji, since the Portuguese had lost more than 20 lakh rupees due to the war against the Marathas. Still, he was demanding this same amount and 600 horses and the Konkan territory from Banda to Mirjan. However, no such deal took place in reality because the ships carrying food supplies sent to Muazzam did not reach Goa; this was because different Maratha sea-fort commanders attacked and captured them when they received information about these ships. Only a few ships escaped but they did not carry enough food supplies. Muazzam was ordered to return from Konkan. Muazzam decided to leave Konkan before the onset of the monsoons. On their way back, the Mughal army suffered much (while going through Ramghat) due to the scarcity of food, constant attacks by the Marathas, and disease. When Muazzam crossed the Ramghat, he was left with little cavalry, the Marathas were constantly attacking him from all sides using guerrilla tactics. Mughal sardar [[Bahadur Khan (Mughal general)|Bahadur Khan]] met Muazzam and provided him with equipment and force. In April–May 1684, Muazzam stayed at shakes/sheks village near Bijapur, in the month of June he reached the banks of the river [[Bhima River|Bhima]] where he had a battle against 5000 Maratha soldiers and was injured during battle. The expedition of Konkan by Muazzam was a big failure as the Mughals lost 60,000 soldiers, hundreds of camels, artillery pieces, lakhs of rupees, with virtually no gains.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Irvine |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC&dq=Muazzam+Konkan&pg=PA3 |title=Later Mughal |date=1971 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |pages=3 |language=en}}</ref>

'''Skirmishes around Raigad'''

After the 1684 monsoons, [[Aurangzeb|Aurangzeb's]] other general, Shahbuddin Khan, directly attacked the Maratha capital, [[Raigad fort|Raigad]]. Maratha commanders successfully defended Raigad. Aurangzeb sent Khan Jehan to help, but [[Hambirao Mohite|Hambirrao Mohite]], commander-in-chief of the Maratha army, defeated him in a fierce battle at Patadi. Another division of the Maratha army attacked Shahbuddin Khan at Pachad, inflicting heavy losses on the Mughal army. Though Shahbuddin Khan was repulsed, skirmishes and raids around Raigad continued throughout the year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Karandikar |first=Shivaram Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qI9AAAAMAAJ |title=Rise and Fall of the Maratha Power |publisher=Sitabai Shivram Karandikar |year=1969 |pages=297 |language=English |quote=Though Shahbuddin Khan was repulsed, the raids round Raigad continued throughout the year.}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1684]]
[[Category:1680s in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Konkan]]
[[Category:Battles fought by Marathas under Sambhaji]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:History of Mumbai]]
[[Category:History of Vasai]]
[[Category:History of Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Colonial Goa]]

Prit Kamani

2026-03-16T19:00:22Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: adding new stub w/ infobox - done

{{short description|Indian actor}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prit Kamani
| image = Cast-of-Hum-Chaar-snapped-during-interviews-at-Sun-and-Sand-hotel-in-Juhu-5.jpg
| caption = Prit Kamani in 2019 at [[Hum Chaar]] (Movie) promotion
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|02|28}}
| birth_place = Rajkot, Gujarat, [[India]]
| education = Mithibai College
| occupation = Actor, Content Creator
| years_active = 2017–present
| known_for = ''[[Maska (2020 film)]]'', ''[[Middle Class Love]]'', ''[[Feels Like Home (web series)|Feels Like Home]]''
}}

'''Prit Kamani''' (born 28 February 1996) is an [[India]]n actor known for his work in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi films]] and [[web series]]. He made his film debut with ''[[Hum Chaar]]'' (2019), produced by [[Rajshri Productions]]. He gained recognition for playing the lead role in the Netflix film ''[[Maska (2020 film)|Maska]]'' (2020).

== Early life and education ==

Prit Kamani was born on 28 February 1996 in [[Rajkot]], Gujarat, and raised in [[Mumbai]]. He completed his graduation from [[Mithibai College]] in Mumbai with a degree in Mass Media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bollywood |date=2022-08-29 |title=Prit Kamani wiki, age, height, caste, religion, movies, affairs, family |url=https://www.bollywoodbiography.in/prit-kamani.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Bollywood Biography |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==

Kamani started his career as a host on the reality show ''[[Dil Hai Hindustani]]'' in 2017.

His film debut came with ''[[Hum Chaar]]'' (2019), a youth-oriented film by Rajshri Productions.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 February 2019 |title=Hum Chaar movie review |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-on-the-move/hum-chaar-movie-review-717548.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

He gained wider recognition for his lead role in the Netflix film ''Maska'' (2020), playing Rumi Irani.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2020 |title=Maska movie review: Netflix film serves a blend of dreams, memories |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/maska-movie-review-netflix-film-serves-a-blend-of-dreams-memories-that-feels-a-bit-too-instant-8213041.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Firstpost}}</ref>

In 2022, Kamani appeared in ''Jersey'' alongside [[Shahid Kapoor]], playing the role of grown-up Kittu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jersey Movie Cast |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jersey-2/cast/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> He also played the lead in ''[[Middle Class Love]]'' directed by Ratnaa Sinha.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title='Middle Class Love' movie review: A stereotypical yet harmless rom-com |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/middle-class-love-review/article65896511.ece |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

Kamani has also appeared in digital content, including the series ''[[Feels Like Home (web series)|Feels Like Home]]'' on Lionsgate Play,<ref>{{cite web |title=Feels Like Home Season 2 Review |url=https://www.leisurebyte.com/feels-like-home-season-2-review/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=LeisureByte}}</ref> ''[[Jab We Matched]]'' (2023) on Amazon miniTV,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jab We Matched actors talk dating in the modern world |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/jab-we-matched-actors-priyanshu-painyuli-and-prit-kamani-speak-about-dating-in-the-modern-world/480143e9f3557 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=OTTplay}}</ref> and ''[[Half CA]]'' (2023), in which he played Tejas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Half CA Review: Netizens Praise Slice-of-Life Story |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/half-ca-review-netizens-praise-the-show-say-it-s-a-slice-of-life-story-news-308671 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>

He also co-founded the YouTube comedy music channel ''JumboJutts''.<ref>{{cite web |title=JumboJutts - About |url=https://www.youtube.com/c/JumboJutts/about |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=YouTube}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
=== Films ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
!Language
! Ref
|-
|2019
|''[[Hum Chaar]]''
| Namit
| rowspan="6" |[[Hindi Language|Hindi]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosario |first=Kennith |date=2019-02-16 |title='Hum Chaar' review: Sanskari friendship woes |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hum-chaar-review-sanskari-friendship-woes/article26288317.ece/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Maska (2020 film)|Maska]]''
| Rumi Irani
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/maska-trailer-out-manisha-koirala-and-jaaved-jaaferi-tell-an-engaging-buttery-tale-1654819-2020-03-12 |title=Maska trailer out: Manisha Koirala and Jaaved Jaaferi tell an engaging, buttery tale |work=India Today |date=12 March 2020 |accessdate=18 March 2020 |archive-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313161201/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/maska-trailer-out-manisha-koirala-and-jaaved-jaaferi-tell-an-engaging-buttery-tale-1654819-2020-03-12 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2022
|''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]''
|Ketan "Kittu" Talwar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=Jersey Remake: Shahid Kapoor to begin shooting in Chandigarh on December 2 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jersey-remake-shahid-kapoor-begin-shooting-chandigarh-december-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127230514/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jersey-remake-shahid-kapoor-begin-shooting-chandigarh-december-2/ |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=25 November 2019 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Middle Class Love]]''
| Yudhishthir Sharma
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Middle Class Love Movie Review : It's a light and breezy coming-of-age drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/middle-class-love/movie-review/94233302.cms |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Heer Express]]''
|Ronny
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Gabru (2026 film)|Gabru]]''
|
|}

=== Web series ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Network
! Ref.
|-
|2022
|''[[Feels Like Home (web series)|Feels Like Home]]''
| Lakshay
|[[Starz|Lionsgate Play]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: 'Feels Like Home' Season 2 - well crafted, relatable drama with solid performances |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/review-feels-like-home-season-2-well-crafted-relatable-drama-with-solid-performances_191064 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2023
|''[[Jab We Matched]]''
| Vicky
|[[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jab We Matched Season 1 Review : This unique dating adventure is worthwhile |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/jab-we-matched/season-1/seasonreview/97702766.cms |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Half CA]]''
| Tejas
|[[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon miniTV]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Half CA Season 1 Review : Ahsaas Channa and Gyanendra Tripathi show encourages CA aspirants to 'Never Give Up' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/half-ca/season-1/seasonreview/102073648.cms |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Kill Dill|Kill Dill – The Heartbreak Club]]''
| Tavish
|[[Amazon miniTV|Amazon]] [[MX Player]]
|<ref>{{cite web | last=Khurana | first=Archika | title=The Heartbreak Club Season 1 Review: Anushka Sen and Prit Kamani shine in this twisted thriller that stumbles along the way | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/kill-dill-the-heartbreak-club/kill-dill-the-heartbreak-club-season-1/seasonreview/119659213.cms | website=The Times of India | date=29 March 2025}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10279002/ Prit Kamani on IMDb]
* [https://www.youtube.com/c/JumboJutts/about JumboJutts on YouTube]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamani, Prit}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]

Nala dynasty

2026-03-06T16:14:07Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: starting first stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian dynasty}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Nalas of Pushkari
|common_name = Nala dynasty
|status = Kingdom
|government_type = Monarchy
|year_start = 6th century
|year_end = 6th century

|p1 = Gupta Empire
|s1 = Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala
|s2 = Sharabhapuriya dynasty
|s3 = Chalukya dynasty
|capital = Pushkari (modern day [[Garhdhanora]] in [[Bastar district]])
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|today = [[India]]
| image_map = {{South Asia in 500 CE|center|Location of the Nalas and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 500 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=26,146|isbn=0-226-74221-0 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=063}}</ref>|{{Annotation|154|140|[[File:Long Rectangle (plain).png|30px]]}}}}
| image_map_caption =
| image_map2 =
| image_map2_caption =
}}
The '''Nalas''' were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of present-day [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Odisha]] during the 6th century CE. Their core territory included the areas around [[Bastar district|Bastar]] and [[Koraput district|Koraput]] districts. Their capital was probably Pushkari ([[IAST]]: Puṣkarī), identified with the modern Garhdhanora in Bastar district. At one point, they seem to have conquered the [[Vakataka]] capital Nandivardhana in the [[Vidarbha]] region, but suffered reverses against the Vakatakas as well as the [[Chalukyas of Vatapi|Chalukyas]]. [[Sharabhapuriya dynasty|Sharabhapuriyas]], their northern neighbours, also seem to have played a part in their downfall. They were probably supplanted by the [[Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala|Panduvamshi dynasty]], although one branch of the dynasty seems to have ruled a small territory until the 7th or 8th century CE.

== History ==

Inscriptions of three kings mention them as members of the Nala family: Arthapati, Bhavadatta and Skandavarman. Some gold coins suggest the existence of three other Nala rulers – Varaharaja, Nandanaraja, and Stambha. Although these coins do not mention the name of their dynasty, they bear the bull-and-crescent dynastic emblem of the Nala kings, and weigh same as the known Nala coins. Also, the name of the issuer is written in "box-headed" script of 6th century on all the coins, and they have all been discovered in the former Nala territory. The coins of Varaharaja have been discovered along with those of Arthapati and Bhavadatta. All these evidences indicate that Varaharaja, Nandanaraja and Stambha were all Nala kings too.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=37}}

=== Varaharaja ===

[[Palaeographic]] evidence suggests that Varaharaja was the earliest of these kings, although it is not certain if he was the dynasty's founder. His issuance of gold coins suggests that he enjoyed a sovereign status.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=37}}

=== Arthapati ===

Arthapati is known from a copper-plate inscription and coins. His only known inscription was issued from Pushkari, which may have been the capital of the Nala kings. The inscription suggests that the king was a devotee of Maheshvara ([[Shiva]]) and Mahasena ([[Kartikeya]]). The inscription mentions that he was from the family of Nala. According to one theory, this is a reference to the legendary king [[Nala]] of [[Nishadha Kingdom]]. However, there is no concrete proof for this interpretation.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=38}}

=== Bhavadatta ===

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The next known king of the dynasty is Bhavadatta, whose copper-plate inscription was found at Rithpur (also Rithapur or Ridhapur) in [[Amravati district]], [[Maharashtra]]. The inscription was engraved by one Boppadeva. It mentions the king's name as "Bhavattavarman", which is probably a mistake or a [[Prakrit]] form of the Sanskrit name "Bhavadattavarman". It names Arthapati as the king's ''aryaka'', which is variously interpreted to mean "father" or "grandfather"; according to another interpretation, ''aryaka'' is an epithet of Bhavadatta. The inscription names the place of issue as Nandivardhana, and states that the king and the queen were staying at [[Prayaga]] as pilgrims. Like Arthapati's inscription, it mentions Maheshvara, Mahasena and the Nala family.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=39}}

The find spot of Bhavadatta's inscription suggests that he extended the Nala territory to the present-day [[Vidarbha]] region, possibly at the expense of the [[Vakataka]]s (whose capital was at Nandivardhana).{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=41}}

During his last years, Bhavadatta seems to have suffered reverses against the Vakatakas and the [[Chalukyas of Vatapi|Chalukyas]].{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=43}} An inscription of Bhavadatta's successor Skandavarman indicates that Bhavadatta lost the control of Pushkari, possibly to the Vakatakas or the Chalukyas. The Vakataka king Prithivisena II is said to have restored the glory of his family, apparently by defeating the Nalas. An [[Aihole inscriptions|Aihole inscription]] credits the Chalukya king [[Kirtivarman I]] with the destruction of the Nalas.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=41}}

=== Skandavarman ===

The last known king of the dynasty is Skandavarman, whose Podagada inscription mentions him as a son of Bhavadattavarman. The inscription states that Skandavarman retrieved the lost glory of the Nala family, and re-populated the deserted city of Pushkari. It also records the construction of a [[Vishnu]] shrine by the king.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=40}}

[[Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi|V. V. Mirashi]] identifies the [[Rajarsitulyakula]] king Bhimasena II as an enemy of Skandavarman. Skandavarman perhaps occupied Bhimasena's territory circa 500 A.D.<ref name="nala">{{cite book |last1=Patel |first1=Chandra Bhanu |title=Dynastic History of Nalas: History and Culture of Central Eastern India, Orissa-Madhya Pradesh Under the Nalas, C. 300-1000 A.D. |date=1990 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-85094-27-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuK1AAAAIAAJ&q=Rajarsitulyakula |language=en}}</ref>

== Possible successors ==

Nothing is known about the immediate successors of Skandavarman. But the Nalas were probably supplanted by the Panduvamshi dynasty. The [[Sharabhapuriya dynasty]] may have also contributed to the decline of the Nalas. The coins of the Sharabhapuriyas are similar to that of the Nalas, which suggests that the two dynasties were contemporaries. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence indicates that the Sharabhapuriyas were the northern neighbours of the Nalas.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|pp=42-43}}

A dynasty claiming descent from the legendary [[Nala]] is known to have ruled a small area in present-day Chhattisgarh sometime later. The undated [[Rajim]] inscription of this dynasty can be assigned to either 7th or 8th century CE. This dynasty was probably a branch of the Nalas of Bastar. Its known members include Prithviraja, Viruparaja and Vilasatunga.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=42}}

== Capital ==

The dynasty's capital was probably Pushkari, which is mentioned as the place of issue in an inscription of Arthapati. Earlier, Pushkari was believed to be the present-day Podagada in [[Koraput district]], where an inscription of Skandavarman has been found.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=38}} Later research has led to the identification of Garhdhanora in [[Bastar district|Bastar]] district as Pushkari. The excavations carried out by Madhya Pradesh's Directorate of Archaeology and Museums has resulted in discovery of several ruined temples and sculptures at Garhdhanora.{{sfn|Hans Bakker|1997|p=54}}

== Religion ==

The [[Brahmanism|Brahmanical]] system thrived during the rule of the Nala kings, who patronized [[Shaivism]], [[Vaishnavism]], and [[Shaktism]].{{sfn|Chandra Bhanu Patel|1990|p=194}}

== Inscriptions ==

The following inscriptions of the Nala kings have been discovered:{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=xii}}

{| class="wikitable"
! [[Find spot]]
! Issued by
! Issued from
! Regnal year
! Purpose
! Source
|-
| Kesarabera
| Arthapati
| Pushkari
| 7
| Grant of Keselaka (or Kesalaka) village to the [[Brahmin|Brahmanas]] of Kautsa [[gotra]]. The village was earlier identified with Kesarabera (or Kesaribeda), but is now identified with [[Keskal]]
| {{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=38}}{{sfn|Hans Bakker|1997|p=54}}
|-
| Ridhapur (or Rithpur), [[Amravati district]]
| Bhavadattavarman
| Nandivardhana
| 11
| Grant of Kadambagiri village to a Brahmana of Parashara gotra and his 8 sons.
| {{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=39}}
|-
| Podagada (Podagadh)
| Skandavarman
|
| 12
| Construction of a [[Vishnu]] temple
| {{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|pp=39-40}}
|-
| [[Rajim]]
| Vilasatunga
|
| Undated (c. 7th century CE)
| Construction of a Vishnu temple (Rajivalocahana temple)
| {{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|pp=165-167}}
|}

== List of rulers ==
The following rulers of the dynasty are known from their coins and inscriptions:{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|pp=37-41}}

* Varaha-raja (coins)
* Arthapati-Bhattaraka (coins and inscriptions)
* Bhavadatta-varman (coins and inscriptions)
* Skanda-varman (inscriptions)

Two other rulers are known from coins, but they cannot be placed in chronology based on the available information.{{sfn|Snigdha Tripathy|1997|p=37}}

* Stambha
* Nandana-raja

== Descendants ==
The descendants of the Nala dynasty later established the Khidisingi mandala in modern [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]] region around 9th-10th century CE which eventually became the ancestors of the [[Soroda dynasty]]. The Khidisingi estate further split into 4 separate zamindaris consisting of [[Badagada]],
[[Dharakote]], [[Soroda]] and [[Sheragada]].<ref>{{citation |title=Place name reflected in the inscriptions of Nala dynasty of Odisha |publisher=IJCRT |author=Nakul L Seth |url=http://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT1801150.pdf |date=1 January 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal Volume 6 |publisher=Prajatantra Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99984 |date=1957 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS KANDHAMAL |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Kandhamal_Gazetteer.pdf |date=2007 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GANJAM |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3496e05e1aea0a9c4655800e8a7b9ea28/uploads/2018/03/2018032995.pdf |date=1992 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Chandra Bhanu Patel |title=Dynastic history of Nalas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XuK1AAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Punthi Pustak |isbn=978-81-85094-27-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |title=The Vākāṭakas: An Essay in Hindu Iconology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KPpAAAAMAAJ |year=1997 |publisher=E. Forsten |isbn=978-90-6980-100-1 }}
* {{cite book |author=Om Prakash Misra |title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0ISjDDWJwQC&pg=PA13 |year=2003 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-874-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Snigdha Tripathy |title=Inscriptions of Orissa |volume=I – Circa 5th-8th centuries A.D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUiYu3XByNgC&pg=PR3 |year=1997 |publisher=[[Indian Council of Historical Research]] and [[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-1077-8 }}
{{ref end}}

== External links ==
* [http://indepigr.narod.ru/orissa/menulisting38.htm Nala inscriptions]

{{Odisha}}

[[Category:History of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Dynasties of Odisha]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 6th century]]

Paandav

2026-03-03T23:40:11Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: quick reworked article for clarity and updated info per sources

{{Short description|1995 film by Raj N. Sippy}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Paandav
| image = Paandav-1995.jpg
| caption = Release poster
| writer = Anand S. Vardhan
| starring = [[Akshay Kumar]]<br>[[Nandini]]
| director = [[Raj N. Sippy]]
| producer = [[Keshu Ramsay]]
| music = [[Jatin-Lalit]]
| studio = DMS Films
| editing = V. N. Mayekar
| cinematography =S. Pappu
| country = India
| released = {{Film date|1995|03|03|df=y}}
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|1.5 crore}}<ref name=BOI/>
| gross = {{INR|2.9 crore}}<ref name=BOI/>
}}

'''Paandav''' is a 1995 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[Raj N. Sippy]]. It stars [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Pankaj Dheer]] and Nandini in lead roles.<ref name="Ojha2002">{{cite book|last=Ojha|first=Rajendra|title=Filmography, 1994-2000: A Complete Filmography of All Hindi Films Released Between 1994-2000, Along with Cast, Credit, Year of Release and Category with Alphabetical Index|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLEaAQAAIAAJ|date=2002|publisher=Screen World Publication|page=27}}</ref><ref name=BOI>{{Cite web|title=Paandav – Movie |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3014|access-date=2021-12-17|publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>

==Plot==
Inspector Vijay lives with his elder brother, Assistant Commissioner of Police, Ashwini Kumar; and sister-in-law, Jyoti, in an upper middle-class community in India. Assigned an investigation, which leads Vijay to conclude that the crime was committed by K.K. Kelva's man, he risks his life to arrest him, and hold him in prison until such time a date is fixed for a court hearing. Vijay also interrogates his prisoner, often using excessive force. Shortly thereafter, Vijay is instructed to release the prisoner – and the person who instructs him thus is no other than his very own brother, Ashwini, who it seems on the pay-roll of Kelva and his gangsters. What can Vijay possibly do to bring an end to this illicit relationship?

==Cast==
Source<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paandav |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/paandav/cast/2000054089/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Akshay Kumar]] as Inspector Vijay Kumar
* Nandini as Ritu
* [[Kanchan (actress)|Kanchan]] as Nisha Tiwari
* [[Pankaj Dheer]] as Hariya
* [[Mukesh Khanna]] as ACP Ashwini Kumar
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as K.K.Kelva
* Prithvi as Ajay
* [[Ajinkya Deo]] as Captain Vikas Sood
* [[Surendra Pal]] as Daata
* [[Manjeet Kullar]] as Mrs. Jyoti Ashwini Kumar
* [[Sudhir Pandey]] as Commissioner J. K. Srivastav
* Anil Nagrath as Home Minister Purshotam Sinha
* [[Bhushan Jeevan]] as A.C.P. Chaugle
* [[Shiva Rindani|Shiva]] as David
* [[Aasif Sheikh]] as A.K.
* [[Bob Christo]] as K.K's henchman
{{div col end}}

==Soundtrack==
{|class="wikitable"
! # !! Title !! Singer(s) !! Lyricist(s)
|-
| 1
| "Tere Liye Rehta Hai"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
| Vinoo Mahendra
|-
| 2
| "Aaj Main Ye Izhaar Karoon"
| Kumar Sanu, [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| Shyam Raj
|-
| 3
| "Sapne Sajaakar Apna Banakar"
| Devki Pandit
| Mahendra Dehlvi
|-
| 4
| "Pyar Ka Andaz Tum"
| [[Udit Narayan]], Devki Pandit
| [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|-
| 5
| "Kasam Hai Pyar Ki Tumhe"
| Kumar Sanu, Devki Pandit
| Mahendra Dehlvi
|-
| 6
| "Ye Haina Pyaar Hi To Haina"
| [[Amit Kumar (singer)|Amit Kumar]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| 7
| "Ye Chaman Jo Jal Gaya"
| Udit Narayan, Amit Kumar
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|-
| 8
| "Trailer O Trailer"
| [[Alisha Chinai]], [[Anu Malik]]
| [[Anwar Sagar]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0290258|Paandav}}

[[Category:1995 films]]
[[Category:1995 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1995 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Jatin–Lalit]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:1990s masala films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Raj N. Sippy]]

{{1990s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Pushpanjali (1970 film)

2026-03-03T23:34:49Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: general updated details after review and corrected details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pushpanjali
| image = Pushpanjali_(1970).jpg

| caption =
| director = [[Kishore Sahu]]
| producer = Kishore Sahu
| writer = Kishore Sahu
| starring = [[Sanjay Khan]]<br />Naina Sahu<br />[[Prem Nath|Premnath]]<br />[[Om Prakash]]
| music = [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = V. N. Reddy
| editing = Kantilal B. Shukla
| distributor =
| studio = Kishore Sahu Productions
| released = {{Film date|1970|09|25|df=yes}}
| runtime = 140 min
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Pushpanjali''''' (An Offering of Flowers) is a 1970 [[Hindi]], romantic drama film, produced and directed by [[Kishore Sahu]].<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|author1=Ashish Rajadhyaksha|author2=Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=RA35-PA1992|accessdate=9 March 2015|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|pages=35–}}</ref><ref name=Gomolo>{{cite web|title=Pushpanjali|url=http://www.gomolo.com/pushpanjali-movie-cast-crew/4131|website=gomolo.com|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> The film was made under the "Kishore Sahu Productions" banner.<ref name="Gavankar2011">{{cite book|author=Nilu N. Gavankar|title=The Desai Trio and the Movie Industry of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xXrxLp3IxbUC&pg=PA190|accessdate=9 March 2015|year=2011|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4634-1941-7|pages=190–}}</ref> The story, screenplay and dialogues were by Kishore Sahu. [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]] composed the music for the film, with lyrics written by [[Anand Bakshi]].<ref name="MySwar">{{cite web|title=Pushpanjali (1970)|url=http://myswar.co/album/pushpanjali-1970|website=myswar.co|publisher=MySwar}}</ref> [[Sanjay Khan]], Naina Sahu, Kishore Sahu, [[Premnath]], [[Faryal (actress)|Faryal]], [[Manmohan Krishan]], [[Lalita Pawar]] and [[Om Prakash]] were the main star cast of the film.<ref name=citwf>{{cite web|title=Pushpanjali|url=http://www.citwf.com/film282967.htm|website=citwf.com|publisher=Alan Goble|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref>

[[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] sang a notable song in the film, ''"Jaane Chale Jaate Hain Kahan"''. The music of the film was composed by [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]].

Having recently lost his wife, Dinesh Khanna (Sanjay Khan) takes his ailing son to an island. Here, they come across a variety of people who all seem to be after the rich Rani Sahiba's diamond necklace. The film ends with a miraculous recovery for Dinesh's son.

==Plot==
Dinesh Khanna ([[Sanjay Khan]]), discovers his son has brain cancer. The shock kills his wife, Lata ([[Faryal (actress)|Faryal]]). Dinesh takes his son, Pappu (Shahid), and his faithful cook Maharaj ([[Manmohan Krishan]]) to an island, where they meet several characters who are after Rani Sahiba's ([[Lalita Pawar]]) diamond necklace. Dinesh and Pappu also get to know Menaka (Naina Sahu), who starts caring for Pappu. When Pappu has a seizure, a doctor is flown down to the island with the help of one of the kind-hearted crooked characters ([[Om Prakash]]). The doctor suggests an operation, but cannot give surety of Pappu surviving the ordeal. A dis-heartened Dinesh refuses the operation for Pappu and takes him to a temple. Pappu recovers miraculously and offers flowers ([[pushpanjali]]) at the idol of Shiva as a thanksgiving. Dinesh leaves the island with Pappu and Menaka.

==Cast==
* [[Sanjay Khan]] as Dinesh Khanna
* Naina Sahu as Menaka Sharma
* [[Kishore Sahu]] as Jamal Pasha
* [[Faryal (actress)|Faryal]] as Lata Khanna
* [[Premnath]] as Peter D'Costa
* [[Om Prakash]]
* [[Lalita Pawar]] as Rani Sahiba
* [[Manmohan Krishan]] as Maharaj, the cook
* Master Shahid as Pappu
* [[Nazir Kashmiri]]
* [[Jankidas]] as tour guide
* Shabnam as Lily
* Lolita Chatterjee
* [[Brahm Bhardwaj]] as Dr. Sharma
* Mridula Rani as Mrs. Sharma
* [[Asrani]]

==Crew==
* Producer: [[Kishore Sahu]]
* Director: Kishore Sahu
* Associate Director: Rohit Sahu
* Associate producers: Preeti Sahu
* Cinematography: K. H. Kapadia
* Editing: Kantilal B. Shukla
* Art Direction and set decoration: Sant Singh
* Make-up: Mamta Sahu, Prem Kumar
* Special Effects: Parduman
* Music: [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]]
* Lyrics: [[Anand Bakshi]]
* Song Recordist: Minoo Katrak, D. O. Bhansali
* Choreographer: [[P. L. Raj]]

==Location==
According to the credit roll, the film is set in Kerala. The temples used for the temple sequences are Shri [[Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)|Ekambareswarar Temple]], and the Shri [[Varadharaja Perumal Temple, Kanchipuram|Varadaraja Swami Temple]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Soundtrack==
Composers [[Laxmikant Pyarelal]] had [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] playback singing a notable song in the film, "Jaane Chale Jaate Hain Kahan" and [[Manna Dey]] giving playback for "Sham Dhale Jamuna Kinare".<ref name=MIO>{{cite web|title=Pushpanjali (1970)|url=http://mio.to/album/Pushpanjali+(1970)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402185554/http://mio.to/album/Pushpanjali+(1970)|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 April 2015|website=MusicIndiaOnline|publisher=Music India Online|access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> The lyricist was [[Anand Bakshi]] and the other singers were [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]].<ref name=HindiGeetmala>{{cite web|title=Pushpanjali (1970)|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/pushpanjali.htm|website=hindigeetmala.net|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref>

===Songs===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Jane Chale Jate Hai Kahan"
| [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
|-
| "Chham Chham Baje Payal"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Chunari Dhalakne Lagi"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
| "Sham Dhale Jamuna Kinare Kinare, Aaja Radha Aaja"
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Manna Dey]]
|-
| "Bade Haseen Bahane Se"
| [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id =0268555 |title =Pushpanjali (1970) }}

{{Kishore Sahu}}

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Kishore Sahu]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kishore Sahu]]
[[Category:Films produced by Kishore Sahu]]

Deewane Huye Paagal

2026-03-03T11:56:16Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: expanded content

{{essay-like|date=December 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Deewane Huye Paagal
| image = Deewane_Huye_Paagal_movie poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikram Bhatt]]
| producer = Firoz A. Nadiadwala
| narrator = [[Vivek Oberoi]]
| story =
| writer =
| screenplay = Kiran Kotrial {{infobox | decat = yes | child=yes | label1 = Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Neeraj Vora]] <br/> Abbas Hirapurwala}}
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Akshay Kumar]]
* [[Suniel Shetty]]
* [[Shahid Kapoor]]
* [[Rimi Sen]]
* [[Paresh Rawal]]
}}
| music = [[Anu Malik]]
| cinematography = [[Pravin Bhatt]]
| editing = Diwakar P. Bhonsle<br/>Virendra Gharse
| studio = Base Industries Group
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2005|11|25|df=yes}}
| runtime = 157 minutes
| language = Hindi
| country = India
| budget = {{INR|link=yes}}20{{nbsp}}[[crore]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=402|title=Deewane Huye Paagal - Movie - Box Office India|website=boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}26.5 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}

'''''Deewane Huye Paagal''''' ({{translation}}: ''Lovers Gone Mad'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2005/11/25/deewane_huye_paagal_2005_review.shtml|title=BBC - Movies - review - Deewane Huye Paagal (Lovers Gone Mad)|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> is a 2005 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romance film|romantic]] [[action comedy film|action-comedy film]] directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]] and produced by Firoz A. Nadiadwala. The film features an [[ensemble cast]] of [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Rimi Sen]], [[Paresh Rawal]] and [[Johnny Lever]]. [[Aftab Shivdasani]] and [[Vivek Oberoi]] make guest appearances. An unofficial remake of the 1998 American film ''[[There's Something About Mary]]'' with some changes,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/nov/25dhp.htm|title=Deewane Hue Paagal: Good fun|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2018-05-29}}</ref> the film was released on 25 November 2005 to positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=040306112635 | title=Deewane Huye Paagal - movie review by Shahid Khan - Planet Bollywood }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20051212-movie-review-deewane-huye-paagal-starring-akshay-kumar-shahid-kapur-786477-2005-12-12 | title=Movie review: 'Deewane Huye Paagal' starring Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapur | newspaper=India Today }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/deewane-huye-paagal/hindi/deewane-huye-paagal-movie-reviews-1356-2.html|title=Deewane Huye Paagal review: Deewane Huye Paagal (Hindi) Movie Review - fullhyd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=402|title=Deewane Huye Paagal - Movie|website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/26sld9.htm|title=Flops that weren't meant to be|website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
{{Long plot|date=April 2015}}

Karan is in love with Tanya but is too shy to tell her. After he musters some courage and rescues her stepbrother from some goons, he catches her attention and is eventually able to invite her to a fake birthday party. On her way there, Tanya witnesses the murder of a scientist, Khurana by his evil twin brother, the underworld don Mehboob, and as a result is forced to flee the country to save her own life. The scientist had stored a secret code in a stuffed toy, a parrot, now being sought by Mehboob, and Khurana was able to hide the toy in Tanya's car before being killed. Unaware, Tanya leaves the toy at home before fleeing the country, and the toy is later picked up by Karan, ignorant of Tanya's fate. Karan was crying after Tanya left.

Three years later, still in love with Tanya, Karan learns that Tanya is in [[Dubai]]. He enlists the aid of a local hustler and bounty hunter, Rocky.

Rocky travels to Dubai, where his friend Babloo has already tracked down Tanya, who has become Natasha, a successful singer and performer. Rocky and Babloo stakeout Natasha's villa to make sure they are on the right track, but as soon as Rocky spots Natasha, it's love at first sight. While he has Natasha under surveillance, Karan and Murugan arrive at the Dubai airport from India. Faced with a potential competitor to woo Natasha, Rocky attempts to eliminate Karan from the picture by lying to him about Tanya. Karan is heartbroken and decides to go back to [[Mumbai]]. He is about to board his flight, when at the last moment, he spots a picture of Tanya as Natasha on a club advertisement. He is overjoyed and assumes that Rocky made a mistake.

Though, there were two other people who were having feelings for Natasha. Local plumber, Sanju Malvani has been currying favours for Natasha by pretending to be a paraplegic on crutches. Every time Natasha meets someone she likes, Sanju eliminates the competitor using a unique trick. He edits and prints out a fake newspaper featuring an article showing that person as a crook and comes over to Natasha and shares "the news" with her while acting all shocked himself. Also, there is Tanya's physically disabled live-in friend Tommy, who also has a soft spot for her. Having heard of the death of Tanya's disabled brother, Tommy has since faked being run over in a car accident and now acts like he himself is disabled and mentally challenged.

Nonetheless, Rocky begins his attempted seduction of Natasha while pretending to be an architect. Natasha is ambushed in the parking lot by some thugs (who were hired by Rocky). Rocky intervenes, and after beating them, introduces himself to Natasha, and proceeds to show himself off as a charming professional with a heart of gold. Surprised, Natasha offers Rocky an invitation for tea later in the evening, which he accepts.

Later Rocky is confronted by several obstacles, Natasha's aunt Sweety, the jealous Tommy, and the family's pet dog. The parties depart to Natasha's latest album at a social event, where Rocky now comes face to face with Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani , who is also pretending to be an architect.

With Natasha and company under surveillance, Rocky now intercepts Sanju trying to discredit him at Natasha's home. Later, when the shocked Natasha confronts Rocky about him being an alleged impostor, Rocky is able to convince Natasha that he is actually a captain on a ship. Tommy, however, behaves in a somewhat jealous manner. He accuses Rocky of biting him. A food bill from a bar drops out of Tommy's pocket during his supposed accusation. This arouses Rocky's suspicions about his supposed "condition".

Rocky and Babloo track down Tommy at a local disco. Rocky confronts Tommy while he is on the disco floor and threatens to expose him in front of Natasha. At the end, Rocky lets Tommy go on the condition that the latter will no longer attempt to get in his way of seducing Natasha.

Rocky has invited Natasha over for a cruise. Natasha spots Karan and Murugan sitting at the grounds. She introduces Karan to Rocky. Karan on seeing Rocky and Natasha happy wants to leave them alone out of his love for Tanya. While he tries to leave, Natasha convinces Karan to stay one more night in Dubai and come over for dinner later in the day.

Sanju shows up later at the party and pulls Natasha aside to reveal his latest newspaper creation, showing Rocky as an international crook, murderer and serial killer, whose [[modus operandi]] is to trap and seduce innocent girls like Natasha and then destroy their lives. Rocky overhears the conversation and while Natasha is occupied elsewhere, chases Sanju outside. Later, Rocky, Sanju and Tommy are seen sitting in a bar nearby after a confrontation, exposing each other as fraudsters and having a drink together, cursing their luck at the emergence of Karan as the new love in Natasha's life.

The next day, Karan goes to Natasha's house to propose to her and finds that she has been sent an anonymous letter, informing her that he indeed had hired Rocky to follow her. In a spate of anger, she sends him out of the house. He goes to Rocky's house to confront him about this and finds Sanju and Tommy there as well. Meanwhile, Mehboob and his family, including Sunny, (his illegitimate son, who has also been obsessed with Tanya since college) arrive at Natasha's house and interrogate her about the stuffed toy. Realising that his father had used his obsession to track down Natasha, Sunny turns on his father and kidnaps her. Sweety informs Sanju about this, and he, along with Rocky, Karan and Tommy follow them after having gotten directions from Murugan, who happened to see them from a taxi. It is revealed that the code to a vault is what Mehboob was searching for. The vault had carried a secret solution, two drops of which could decrease a person's age by 25 years.

Rocky intervenes and cleverly destroys the toy after having it speak the code into Natasha's ear. A gunfight ensues, during which Natasha discovers Tommy and Sanju's deceit. Baljeet kidnaps Natasha. Rocky and Sanju follow them on bikes and manage to catch up with them. After thrashing all the men, they take Natasha to her house where a further argument ensues as to who should be more worthy of Natasha. The argument ends when Karan arrives with Raj Sinha and tells Natasha about Sanju's newspaper scams, one of which had exposed Raj as a drug dealer and addict earlier. Raj and Natasha are reunited. Wishing them luck, Karan leaves.

Natasha realises her love for Karan and stops him as he is leaving, saying that she and Raj had had no future ever since their earlier break up. She then accepts and reciprocates his love and they finally unite. This tearful union is once again being witnessed by a grumbling Rocky, Sanju and Tommy along with Sunny.

At the end, the narrator says that after all the effort he had undertaken to acquire the solution, Mehboob had become too overexcited and had consumed the whole quantity instead of two drops. He had ended up becoming a baby and Sunny unwittingly became his father. The film ends as the narrator requests the audience not to forget him.

== Cast ==

*[[Akshay Kumar]] as Ranbir "Rocky" Hiranandani
*[[Suniel Shetty]] as Sanjay "Sanju" Malwani
*[[Shahid Kapoor]] as Karan Sharma
*[[Rimi Sen]] as Tanya Mulchandani / Natasha
*[[Paresh Rawal]] as Tommy Lalwani
*[[Johnny Lever]] as Murugan Subramanyam
*[[Vijay Raaz]] as Babloo Pandey
*[[Om Puri]] as Scientist Narendra Khurana / Mehboob Khurana
*[[Suresh Menon]] as Veerappan "Sunny" Khurana
*[[Baljeet Singh]] as Baljeet Khurana
*[[Supriya Pilgaonkar]] as Sweety Tyrewala Aunty
*[[Asrani]] as the Blind Man
*[[Leena]] as Kavita Agnihotri
*[[Pawan Shankar]] as Sanjay Kapur
*[[Payal Rohatgi]] as Sanjana Chatterjee
*[[Vivek Oberoi]] as Narrator (Cupid)
*[[Aftab Shivdasani]] as Rajeev "Raj" Sinha (special appearance)
*[[Rakesh Bedi]] as Gullu Mulchandani
*[[Snehal Dabi]] as Kutti Anna
*[[Kabir Bedi]] as Kabir, Khurana's secretary

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Deewane Huye Paagal
| type = [[Soundtrack album]]
| artist = [[Anu Malik]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 October 2005
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
The music for all the songs were composed by [[Anu Malik]] with the lyrics written by [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]].

{| class=wikitable
! #
! Title
! Singer(s)
! Duration
|-
|1
|''"Maar Sutiye"''
|[[Anu Malik]]
|05:50
|-
|2
|''"Meri Jaane Jigar"''
|Anu Malik
|05:44
|-
|3
|''"Tu Hai Tu Hai"''
|[[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Abrar ul Haq]]
|06:16
|-
|4
|''"Sutradhar - I"''
|Anu Malik
|08:56
|-
|5
|''"Chalke Chalke"''
|Anu Malik
|05:01
|-
|6
|''"Aisi Umar Main"''
|Shaan, [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Krishna Beura]]
|11:34
|-
|7
|''"Chalke Chalke (Remix)"''
|Anu Malik
|04:11
|-
|8
|''"Sutradhar - II"''
|Anu Malik
|01:57
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=0444781}}

{{Vikram Bhatt}}

[[Category:2005 Indian films]]
[[Category:2005 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s sex comedy films]]
[[Category:2005 action comedy films]]
[[Category:2005 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2005 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films about stalking]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikram Bhatt]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anu Malik]]
[[Category:Films set in 2005]]
[[Category:Films set in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films set in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Films shot in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Hindi-language romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of American films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian sex comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian slapstick comedy films]]
[[Category:UTV Motion Pictures films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]

Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple

2026-02-22T23:34:37Z

Chardhamyatrahotels:

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Profile view, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur.jpg|thumb|Profile view, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur]]

'''Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple''' (மேலக்கடம்பூர் அமிர்தகடேஸ்வரர் கோயில்)<ref name="ta.Bharatpedia.org">[[:ta:மேலக்கடம்பூர் அமிர்தகடேஸ்வரர் கோயில்]]</ref> (Sanskrit: Amruta: nectar Ghata: pot Iswara: God) is a [[Hindu temple]] located at [[Melakadambur]] in [[Cuddalore district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The historical name of the place is Tirukadambur.<ref>[https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=986 Sri Amirtha Kadeswarar temple], [[Dinamalar]]</ref> The presiding deity is [[Shiva]]. He is called as Amirtha Kadeswarar. His consort is known as Vidyujothi Nayaki. The temple has beautiful sculptures and the vimana is in the form of a chariot. It was built by emperor [[Kulottunga Chola I]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History|author=J. Gordon Melton|publisher=ABC-CLIO, 15-Jan-2014 - Reference - 2023 pages|page=814}}</ref>

== Etymology ==

The name of the temple is derived from the words ''Amritha'' meaning ''nectar'', ''K(Gh)ada'' meaning ''pot'' and ''Eeswara'' meaning ''Lord Shiva''.

== Temple legend ==

[[File:Sunken wheel of Chariot, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur.jpg|thumb|Sunken wheel of Chariot, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur]]
When the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] won the nectar from the [[Asura]]s, they began drinking it without paying due respect to Lord [[Ganesha]]. This infuriated him and he took away the pot of nectar. When he was passing through this place a drop of nectar fell and got manifested as a Swayambhu Linga. Realising their mistake, [[Indra]] and the other Devas asked Ganesha to forgive them who in turn returned the pot of nectar and told the Devas to worship Lord Shiva here as AmrithaKadeshwarar.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

[[Aditi]] the mother of [[Deva (Hinduism)|Devas]] came here to worship Lord Shiva every day. So, Indra decided to turn the temple into a chariot and have it pulled to [[Devaloka]], the abode of Devas so that his mother did not have to visit this place to worship Shiva every day. Lord Ganesha having noticed this pressed the chariot with his leg and as a consequence one of the wheels sank and got stuck into the ground. Indra then prayed to Ganesha and requested to allow him to move the temple to Devaloka. Ganesha agreed to let the temple go if Indra installed a crore [[linga]]s. However, when Indra tried installing the lingas every piece got damaged and finally Indra went back to Shiva, his pride broken, and requested him for help. Shiva in the form of Lord Amrithakadeswarar then asked Indra to install one linga by chanting his name a thousand times. Accordingly, when Indra completed the penance, Lord Shiva appeared before him and told him that he wished to stay in the same place and worship Amrithakadeswarar on behalf of Aditi, Indra's mother. It is believed that Indra visits the temple every day to worship Lord Shiva in the form of Amrithakadeswarar.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

The temple has been well preserved and the chariot with one of its wheels stuck in the ground can be seen to this day.{{fact|date=July 2020}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Horse detail Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur.jpg|thumb|Horse detail Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur]]

The temple is constructed in [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian style of architecture]]. It is classified as Karak kovil, a temple built resembling the shape of a chariot used during temple festivals. Literary evidence is found in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] works, which refer the temple as Karak Koil.<ref>{{cite book|title=Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture|page=32|publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math|location=Mylapore, Chennai|last=Reddy|first=G.Venkatramana|year=2010 |isbn=978-81-7823-542-4}}</ref> Similar architecture of halls (Mandapas) simulating a chariot drawn by elephant or horses is found in [[Sarangapani temple]] at Kumbakonam, [[Sikharagiriswara Temple, Kudumiyamalai]], [[Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam]], [[Vriddhagiriswarar Temple, Vriddhachalam]] and [[Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kampahesvara temple at Thirubuvanam|last=H.|first=Sarkar|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=1974|location=Madras|page=9|url=https://www.tnarch.gov.in/Library%20BOOk%20PDF/KAMPAHARESVARA%20TEMPLE%20AT%20TRIBHUVANAM.pdf}}</ref>

== Significance ==
It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars]] [[Tirunavukkarasar]] and [[Sundarar]]. It is the 88th Paadal Petra Sthalam and the 34th Sthalam on the north side of the river [[Kaveri]] in the [[Chola]] country.

== Literary Mention ==
Tirunavukkarasar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref> Tirunavukkarasar Tevaram, V:19: 9</ref>
{{cquote|நங்க டம்பனைப் பெற்றவள் பங்கினன்<br>
தென்க டம்பைத் திருக்கரக் கோயிலோன்<br>
தன்க டன்னடி யேனையுந் தாங்குதல்<br>
என்க டன்பணி செய்து கிடப்பதே.}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web|title= Sri Amirtha Kadeswarar temple|url= https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=986 |publisher =[[Dinamalar]]}}
* {{cite web|title= Amirthakadesar Temple, Tirukkadambur
|url= http://www.shivatemples.com/nofc/nc34.php |publisher=Shiva Temples of Tamilnadu, Paadal Petra Sivasthalangal}}

== Sculptures ==
<gallery>
File:Mela kadambur temple1.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple2.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple5.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple6.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple7.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple8.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple4.JPG
File: Mela kadambur temple3.JPG
File:Durga Tamil Nadu.jpg|Statue of Goddess [[Durga]]
File:Agasthiyar.jpg|Sculpture of sage [[Agastya]]
File:Sculpture of Brahma, Tamil Nadu.jpg|Sculpture of [[Brahma]] flanked by [[Yama]] and [[Chitragupta]]
</gallery>

{{coord|11.236737| 79.527060|display=title}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Chola architecture]]
[[Category:Dravidian architecture]]

Ikkis (soundtrack)

2026-02-21T21:02:23Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Stub...

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox album
|cover=Ikkis (soundtrack).jpg
| name = Ikkis
| type = soundtrack
| artist = White Noise Collectives
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| released = 1 January 2026
| recorded = 2024–2025
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 16:58
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Sony Music]]
| producer = White Noise Collectives
| prev_title = [[Housefull 5]]
| prev_year = 2025
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|ZI6llF9el20|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}

'''''Ikkis''''' is the [[soundtrack album]] to the 2026 [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[war drama]] film [[Ikkis|of the same name]] directed by [[Sriram Raghavan]], based on the life of [[Second lieutenant|2nd Lt.]] [[Arun Khetarpal]], the youngest recipient of the [[Param Vir Chakra]] award. The film stars Agastya Nanda as Khetarpal, along with [[Dharmendra]], [[Jaideep Ahlawat]] and Simar Bhatia.

The soundtrack is composed by White Noise Collectives while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] and Irshad Kamil. It was preceded by four singles, before the album released on 1 January 2026.

== Background ==
[[Sachin–Jigar]] composed the film score, while their music production and artist collaborative company [[Sachin–Jigar|White Noise Collectives]], had been credited for the soundtrack.<ref name="bollywoodhungama.com">{{Cite news |title=Ikkis Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ikkis/cast/ |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101091050/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ikkis/cast/|archive-date=1 January 2026|access-date=26 January 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> The album featured five songs with lyrics written by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]] and [[Irshad Kamil]] as the songwriters.<ref name="bollywoodhungama.com" /> Agastya Nanda noted that music played a major role in shaping the performances as besides supporting the film, it becomes part of the characters which led the album being memorable.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Lubina |date=2025-12-26 |title=Ikkis: Agastya Nanda Says Film’s Music Played A ‘Huge Role’ In Helping Him Understand His Character |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/ikkis-agastya-nanda-says-films-music-played-a-huge-role-in-helping-him-understand-his-character-ws-kl-9793865.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226134845/https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/ikkis-agastya-nanda-says-films-music-played-a-huge-role-in-helping-him-understand-his-character-ws-kl-9793865.html |archive-date=2025-12-26 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref>

== Release ==
The first single "Sitaare" was launched on 3 December 2025 at an event held in Mumbai; the song was sung by [[Arijit Singh]] with lyrics by [[Amitabh Bhattacharya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=2025-12-04 |title=Suhana Khan Reacts to Rumoured BF Agastya Nanda’s ‘Sitaare’ Song From Ikkis |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/suhana-khan-reacts-to-rumoured-bf-agastya-nandas-sitaare-song-from-ikkis-ws-l-9750030.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208045420/https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/suhana-khan-reacts-to-rumoured-bf-agastya-nandas-sitaare-song-from-ikkis-ws-l-9750030.html |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khanam |first=Arshi |date=2025-12-03 |title=Ikkis song Sitare Out now: Arijit Singh’s mesmerising vocals in Agastya Nanda’s war film reflect love and yearning |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ikkis-song-sitare-out-now-arijit-singhs-mesmerising-vocals-in-agastya-nandas-war-film-reflect-love-and-yearning/25280db732244 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210075905/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ikkis-song-sitare-out-now-arijit-singhs-mesmerising-vocals-in-agastya-nandas-war-film-reflect-love-and-yearning/25280db732244 |archive-date=2025-12-10 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref> The second single "Ban Ke Dikha Ikkis" was released on 9 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=2025-12-09 |title=Ikkis Second Song Ban Ke Dikha Out: Agastya Nanda Unleashes Fiery Spirit Of Courage {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/ikkis-second-song-ban-ke-dikha-out-agastya-nanda-unleashes-fiery-spirit-of-courage-watch-ws-l-9759606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260109104537/https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/ikkis-second-song-ban-ke-dikha-out-agastya-nanda-unleashes-fiery-spirit-of-courage-watch-ws-l-9759606.html |archive-date=2026-01-09 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref> During the filming of the song Dharmendra despite his advanced age used to stay awake till early in the morning to complete it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-09 |title='Ikkis' का नया ट्रैक बना रियल हीरोज़ को सलाम, 'Ban Ke Dikha' हुआ रिलीज़ |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/the-new-track-of--ikkis--is-a-salute-to-the-real-heroes-2257972 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[Punjab Kesari]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209113928/https://www.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/the-new-track-of--ikkis--is-a-salute-to-the-real-heroes-2257972|archive-date=2025-12-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Ikkis choreographer lauds Dharmendra's dedication for shooting till 4 AM, calls him 'vibrant and full of life' |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ikkis-choreographer-lauds-dharmendras-dedication-for-shooting-till-4-am-calls-him-vibrant-and-full-of-life/aca694569d925 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[OTTPlay]] |language=en|date=2025-12-09|last=Khanam|first=Arshi|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260126153836/https://www.ottplay.com/news/ikkis-choreographer-lauds-dharmendras-dedication-for-shooting-till-4-am-calls-him-vibrant-and-full-of-life/aca694569d925|archive-date=2026-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref> The third song "Tera Aashiq" was released on 22 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-12-22 |title='Ikkis’ song ‘Tera Aashiq’ starring Agastya Nanda and Simar Bhatia wins hearts as netizens say, ‘After a long time… mind-blowing song’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ikkis-song-tera-aashiq-starring-agastya-nanda-and-simar-bhatia-wins-hearts-as-netizens-say-after-a-long-time-mind-blowing-song/articleshow/126128742.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231033102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ikkis-song-tera-aashiq-starring-agastya-nanda-and-simar-bhatia-wins-hearts-as-netizens-say-after-a-long-time-mind-blowing-song/articleshow/126128742.cms |archive-date=2025-12-31 |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-22 |title=Tera Aashiq from Ikkis out now: Agastya Nanda brings a soldier’s emotional side to the fore |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/tera-aashiq-from-ikkis-out-now-agastya-nanda-brings-a-soldiers-emotional-side-to-the-fore/153334644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224064315/https://mirchi.in/stories/music/tera-aashiq-from-ikkis-out-now-agastya-nanda-brings-a-soldiers-emotional-side-to-the-fore/153334644 |archive-date=2025-12-24 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=Mirchi |language=en}}</ref> The fourth single "Sajda" was launched on 26 December, at an event in Mumbai.<ref name=":0" /> The soundtrack was released on 1 January 2026, under the [[Sony Music India]] label, the same day as the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-01 |title=Ikkis (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/ikkis-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1864309695 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[Apple Music]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260126160506/https://music.apple.com/in/album/ikkis-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-ep/1864309695|archive-date=2026-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{Tracklist
| headline =
| total_length = 16:58
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Sitaare
| extra1 = [[Arijit Singh]]
| length1 = 2:56
| title2 = Tera Aashiq
| extra2 = [[Master Saleem]], [[Madhubanti Bagchi]]
| length2 = 4:08
| title3 = Sajda
| extra3 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer) | Vishal Mishra]], [[Asees Kaur]]
| length3 = 4:21
| title4 = Ban Ke Dikha Ikkis
| extra4 = [[Jasmine Sandlas]]
| length4 = 2:53
| title5 = Biraadar Yamma Yamma
| extra5 = [[Divya Kumar (singer) | Divya Kumar]], Sumonto Mukherjee
| length5 = 2:35
}}

== Non-album singles ==
A tribute song for the film, titled "Ham Fouji Hain" was released on 25 November 2025 on [[YouTube]] by [[Maddock Films|Maddock Music]]. The song has lyrics written by Vaibhav and music composition by Rooh. The [[Generative artificial intelligence|voice was generated through AI]].<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b85pflOk1N8&list=RDb85pflOk1N8 |title=Ham Fouji Hain |date=2025-11-22 |last= |publisher=[[Maddock Films|Maddock Music]] |access-date=2026-01-03 |via=YouTube|archive-url=https://archive.today/gwt5g|archive-date=2026-01-26|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 November 2025, in an ode to the recently deceased actor Dharmendra, the filmmakers released a poem titled "Ikkis Poem", written and orated by Dharmendra himself.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-11-28 |title=Dharmendra's emotional poem in Ikkis is an ode to his beloved pind. Watch |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/dharmendra-emotional-poem-ikkis-an-ode-to-his-beloved-pind-village-watch-jaideep-ahlawat-2827396-2025-11-28 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209132538/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/dharmendra-emotional-poem-ikkis-an-ode-to-his-beloved-pind-village-watch-jaideep-ahlawat-2827396-2025-11-28|archive-date=2025-12-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-28 |title=Dharmendra yearns to return to his village in moving poem from final film Ikkis; fans say 'Brought tears to our eyes' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-yearns-to-return-to-his-village-in-moving-poem-from-final-film-ikkis-agastya-nanda-sunny-deol-bobby-deol-hema-101764309534535.html |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112015345/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dharmendra-yearns-to-return-to-his-village-in-moving-poem-from-final-film-ikkis-agastya-nanda-sunny-deol-bobby-deol-hema-101764309534535.html|archive-date=2026-01-12|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Tracklist
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ham Fouji Hain
| music1 = Rooh
| extra1 = [[Generative AI|AI-generated vocals]]
| length1 = 3:56
| lyrics1 = Vaibhav
| title2 = Ikkis Poem
| music2 = Dharmendra
| extra2 = Dharmendra
| length2 = 1:02
| lyrics2 = [[Dharmendra]]
}}

== Reception ==
Renuka Vyavahare of ''[[The Times of India]]'' said, "the music is underwhelming and does little to elevate the narrative or emotional beats".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vyahare |first=Renuka |date=2026-01-01 |title=Ikkis Movie Review: A moving Indo-Pak war drama that puts humanity first |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ikkis/movie-review/126282737.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117033722/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/ikkis/movie-review/126282737.cms |archive-date=2026-01-17 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called the music "subtle and restrained".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=2026-01-01 |title=‘Ikkis’ movie review: Sriram Raghavan makes an evocative plea for peace in polarised times |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ikkis-movie-review-dharmendra-agastya-nanda-jaideep-ahlawat-sriram-raghavan-makes-an-evocative-plea-for-peace-in-polarised-times/article70460062.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101110817/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ikkis-movie-review-dharmendra-agastya-nanda-jaideep-ahlawat-sriram-raghavan-makes-an-evocative-plea-for-peace-in-polarised-times/article70460062.ece |archive-date=2026-01-01 |access-date=2026-01-26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Shoma A Chatterjee of ''[[Mathrubhumi]]'' added "There are too many songs that at times, become disturbing because of the high decibels."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Shoma A |date=2026-01-22 |title=Ikkis goes beyond battlefield to question the meaning of war |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/columns/ikkis-goes-beyond-battlefield-to-question-the-meaning-of-war-lim9v119 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20260126170134/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/columns/ikkis-goes-beyond-battlefield-to-question-the-meaning-of-war-lim9v119 |archive-date=2026-01-26 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=en}}</ref> Sakshi Salil Chavan of [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']] wrote "The score remains measured, with silence often carrying the greatest weight, though select sequences could have benefited from more nuanced musical emphasis."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chavan |first=Sakshi Salil |date=2026-01-01 |title=Ikkis Review {{!}} Raghavan’s Anti-War Drama Remains Sincere & Effective Amidst Deafening Jingoism |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/movie-review/ikkis-review-raghavans-anti-war-drama-remains-sincere-effective-amidst-deafening-jingoism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123150738/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/movie-review/ikkis-review-raghavans-anti-war-drama-remains-sincere-effective-amidst-deafening-jingoism |archive-date=2026-01-23 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' wrote "White Noise Collectives’ songs – ''‘Sitaare’, ‘Tera Aashiq’, ‘Sajda’'' and ''‘Biraadar Yamma Yamma’''– don’t fully click. However, they are placed well though a song in the second half, played when the battle track has commenced in full force, could have been avoided. White Noise Collectives’ background score, on the other hand, works far better."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-01 |title=Ikkis Movie Review: IKKIS is not just a war film. It is a deeply human story |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ikkis/critic-review/ikkis-movie-review/ikkis-is-not-just-a-war-film-it-is-a-deeply-human-story/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117065814/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/ikkis/critic-review/ikkis-movie-review/ikkis-is-not-just-a-war-film-it-is-a-deeply-human-story/ |archive-date=2026-01-17 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Personnel ==
{{div col}}
* Music composed, produced and recorded by: White Noise Collectives
* Music production head: Romil Ved
* Programming and arrangements: Hrishikesh Gangan, Amrit Sharma, Abhishek Singh
* Chorus: Hrishikesh Gangan, Abhishek Singh, Sabri Brothers, Hitesh Purani, Noor Parmar
* Live dholak: Raju Salvi
* Live drums: Darshan Doshi
* Live guitars: Kalyan Baruah, Indrajit Chetia
* Live harmonium: Akhlakh Khan
* Live piano: Rinku Rajput
* Live trumpets: Robin Fargose
* Live violins and viola: Jitendra Jawda
* Guitar: Rhythm Shaw, Noor Parmar
* Bass: Rhythm Shaw
* Backing vocals: Shruti Dhasmana
* Recording engineer: Susmeet Rewaskar, Swar Mehta
* Mixing and mastering: Eric Pillai
* Assistant mixing: Michael Edwin Pillai
{{div col end}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2026 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Biographical film soundtracks]]
[[Category:War film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Sony Music India soundtracks]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]

Comedy Queen Janet

2026-02-04T18:29:01Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Started new info

{{Short description|Comedian and actress (born 1973)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Comedy Queen Janet
| image = Comedians from Goa -- Augustine, Janet and Selvy (cropped).jpg
| caption = Almeida in 2015
| birth_name = Janeth Nunes
| birth_place = [[Navelim]], Goa, India
| other_names = {{hlist|Janet Almeida|Comedian Janet{{efn|Alternatively known as Comedienne Janet.}}}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|11|28|df=y}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actress|singer}}
| years_active = 1988–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Filipe Almeida|1999}}
| children = 2
}}

'''Janeth Nunes e Almeida''' ([[née]] '''Nunes'''; born 28 November 1973), known professionally as '''Comedy Queen Janet'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegoan.net//keep-personal-biases-aside-project-positives-alina-to-tiatrists/33184.html|title=Keep personal biases aside, project positives: Alina to tiatrists|website=The Goan EveryDay}}</ref> or [[mononymously]] as '''Janet''', is a comedian, actress, and singer based in [[London, UK]]. She is known for her work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions. During her early career as a comedian, she rose to fame as part of a [[Comedy troupe|comedy trio]] alongside fellow entertainers [[Comedian Agostinho]] and [[Comedian Selvy]].

==Early life==
Almeida was born as Janeth Nunes on 28 November 1973<ref name=":2" /> in the neighborhood of Mandopa in [[Navelim]], [[Goa]], India. Her parents were Joaquim Nunes and Clara Carneiro. Joaquim was a railway worker with origins in the neighborhood of Dongri in [[Tiswadi#Settlements|Mandur]], Goa. He was known for his collaborations with the [[Konkani-language|Konkani]] comedian [[Jacinto Vaz]] in ''[[tiatr]]s'', a distinctive style of [[Goan]] theater. Furthermore, he was noted for his participation in [[Toastmaster|raising toasts]] and performing "toast songs" (''saude''), a genre of Goan [[drinking song]]s. Almeida's mother, Clara, was known for her singing abilities. She was commonly requested to lend her vocal talents to wedding festivities in Goa, specifically during the traditional [[Weddings in India#Other religions|roce ceremony]].<ref name=":0" />

Almeida began performing publicly at a very early age. During her early childhood at around the age of 9, when she was in the 4th grade, she often entertained audiences with her singing talent at school assemblies and community events in her village, receiving invitations to perform from the young boys in the area. During this period, Agnelo D'Costa, a well-known singer originating from her town of Navelim, was also actively performing in the region. One day, Almeida encountered D'Costa riding a bicycle and, having heard him sing on the radio before, she approached him and asked him to share one of his songs with her. Rather than simply giving her a song to perform, D'Costa extended an offer for her to join him in his upcoming musical production that was to feature professional Goan theater artists. In this collaboration, Almeida was tasked with providing vocal [[accompaniment]] to D'Costa as the lead singer. Through this opportunity, she went on to participate in three of D'Costa's [[musical show]]s.<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
Almeida's professional acting career began in 1988 at the age of 15, when she was invited to perform in the ''[[tiatr]]'' ([[Goan Konkani]] theater) production ''Gulam'' (Servant), directed by Peter de Benaulim. Following her debut, Almeida went on to act in various ''khells'' ([[street play]]s) produced by [[Menino De Bandar]]. This exposure led to further opportunities, and she subsequently performed in ''tiatrs'' (or theater productions) directed by a number of popular figures in the local theater scene, including Lino Dourado, Jack Ferry, [[Roseferns]], [[C. D'Silva]], her future husband Filipe Almeida, [[Joe Rose (Konkani actor)|Joe Rose]], [[Mario Menezes]], [[Prince Jacob]], Pascoal Rodrigues, [[Patrick Dourado]], Meena Leitao, [[Premanand Sangodkar]], Elvis-Carmin, and [[Wilson Mazarello|Wilmix]]-[[Sharon Mazarello|Sharon]]. Lino's work involved her participation in a minimum of three theatrical productions known as ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatrs]]''. As Almeida's career progressed, she became a regular performer, often collaborating with her husband Filipe as well as other popular directors in the [[Goan]] theatrical tradition.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=Panaji, Goa |pages=181–182}}</ref>

Almeida has been involved in various theatrical and cinematic productions in the region. In July 2015, she was cast in the ''tiatr'' (Goan theater) production titled ''Maink Paik Azilant Dovorat'' (Keep Parents At Eldercare). In this performance, she played the role of a wife opposite the [[Comedian Ambe]]. Additionally, she participated as a vocalist in a [[sextet]] ensemble that included Aurelio, Ambe, Franky Gonsalves, David, and Samenca.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An eye-opener for every parent and child |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/An-eyeopener-for-every-parent-and-child/91486 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> Two years later, in June 2017, Almeida was featured in the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] ''Chori'' (Theft), directed by Jacinto Cruz. For this [[DVD-Video|DVD-format]] movie, she was cast alongside her husband Filipe, with the two portraying comedic characters. A review published in the local newspaper ''[[O Heraldo]]'' observed that Almeida, Filipe, [[Comedian Selvy]], Comedian Richard, and [[Comedian Agostinho]] combine to form a well-balanced [[quintet]] that excels in providing humor and entertainment. However, the reviewer proposed that the inclusion of extra comedic scenes might have elevated the overall quality of the film's presentation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of deceit and betrayal |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/A-tale-of-deceit-and-betrayal/115996 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

In February 2015, Almeida was cast in the role of Ashmusao in the ''[[tiatr]]'' production ''Pai'' (Father), directed by Comedian Agostinho. The play went on to win first place at the 6th [[Tiatr Academy of Goa]]'s Popular Tiatr Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Pai' excels at TAG's Popular Tiatr Festival |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/%E2%80%98Pai%E2%80%99-excels-at-TAG%E2%80%99s-Popular-Tiatr-Festival/85395 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> The following year, in 2016, Almeida appeared in another ''tiatr'' titled ''Apurbaiechim Fulam'' (Affectionate Flowers), produced by [[Lawry Travasso]]. This production was later released on DVD, and Almeida's performance in a comedic role was praised by reviewers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When children purposely lose their way |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Voice-Of-Tiatr/When-children-purposely-lose-their-way/107681 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> She continued to work in ''tiatr'' productions, and in January 2019 she was cast in the play ''Mera Bharat Mahaan'' (My India is Great), again directed by Comedian Agostinho. In this production, Almeida performed comedic scenes alongside several other well-known ''tiatr'' artists, including Agostinho, Comedian Selvy, Fiona, and Jose de Velsao. While her individual performance was noted, some reviews suggested her comedic chemistry with the [[ensemble cast]] was not entirely seamless.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A weak foundation does not make a strong country |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=141557 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>

In the early 2000s, Almeida and her husband Filipe co-directed a [[Goan]] theatrical performance known as a ''tiatr'' titled ''Soglim Khuxeal'' (Everyone's Happy). This production was presented in 2005 by Tony Gonsalves as part of the Wembley Goans UK group, based in [[Wembley, England]]. The ''tiatr'' production was performed in [[Paris]] and traveled to various countries in the [[Gulf region]], such as [[Dubai]], [[Kuwait]], and [[Bahrain]], entertaining audiences in those locations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=For the LOVE OF TIATR |url=http://www.heraldgoa.in/m/details.php?n_id=125412 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref> After relocating to London, UK,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2024-01-09 |title='Past is Past' {{!}} The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/01/09/magazines/buzz/past-is-past/ |access-date=2024-08-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Almeida made a return to the Goan theater scene in December 2023. She was cast in the ''tiatr Past is Past'', directed by [[Comedian Agostinho]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK comedian set to create history in Goa |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/UK-comedian-set-to-create-history-in-Goa/215157 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> In this production, she portrayed the role of a comedian named Paracetamol, while her daughter Swizerl played the character of Crocin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Mario |date=2024-01-21 |title=Tiatr review: Tiatr 'Past Is Past' |url=https://www.gomantaktimes.com/my-goa/art-culture/tiatr-review-tiatr-past-is-past |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=Gomantak Times |language=en}}</ref> As of 2012, ''Soglim Khuxeal'' remains the sole directed work attributed to Almeida.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=100 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1999, Almeida was performing in the ''[[tiatr]] Goonda'' (Goon) by [[Roseferns]] alongside fellow ''[[tiatrist]]'' Filipe. During this production, they became acquainted and developed a close personal friendship. Approximately six months after first meeting, the couple decided to marry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shuttling between lives |url=https://www.thegoan.net//shuttling-between-lives/1659.html |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=The Goan EveryDay |language=en}}</ref> On 21 November 1999, they held their wedding ceremony at the Our Lady of Merces Church in [[Colva, Goa]]. Prior to this religious service, they had also completed a [[civil marriage]] registration five days earlier.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Dourado |first=Assis |date=2 February 2000 |title=Marriage Register |url=https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520212143/https://goaonline.gov.in/AllServices?cat=allZUeFHBL0zH_B_o_qI0Yn9nWEpm_kl2vuh1xW8sAol-2ZD-iDWhXpXWE_eMk/t-bc8/9nW91 |archive-date=20 May 2024 |access-date=14 December 2023 |website=Goa Online}}</ref>

Filipe, who was 32 years old at the time of their marriage, hailed from Colva.<ref name=":5" /> Together, they had two children a daughter named Swizerl, and a son Sweden. Both of their children later made their own debuts on the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=A young generation of tiatrists |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/A-young-generation-of-tiatrists/131211 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> with Swizerl establishing a career as a comedian.<ref name=":3" /> As of 2012, Almeida and her family were residing in Colva, Goa.<ref name=":2" /> However, they subsequently relocated to [[London, United Kingdom]].<ref name=":1" /> During her professional journey, Almeida fostered strong working connections with [[Goan]] entertainers such as [[Comedian Agostinho]] and [[Comedian Selvy]]. Together, they formed a [[comedy troupe|comedy trio]] and collaborated on various performances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousands bid Comedian Selvy a tearful adieu |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Thousands-bid-Comedian-Selvy-a-tearful-adieu/192296 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=13374066}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janet, Comedy Queen}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

ITA Award for Best Actress Comedy Jury

2026-01-29T18:20:45Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Done...

{{Short description|Indian Television Academy award}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox award
|name= [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Award]] for Best Actress - Comedy
|image ={{Photomontage
| photo1a = Shubhangi Atre in 2018.jpg
| photo1b =
| spacing = 2
| position = centre
| size = 250
| border = 0
| color = #FFFFFF
| foot_montage =
}}
|image_size=
|image_upright=
|caption= The 2024 recipient [[Shubhangi Atre]]
|awarded_for= Best Performance by an Actress in a comic Role on Television
|presenter= [[Indian Television Academy Awards|Indian Television Academy]]
|country= [[India]]
| firstawarded = 2001
| lastawarded = 2024
| reward =
| former name =
| award1_type = Total Awarded
| award1_winner = 24
| award2_type = First Winner
| award2_winner = [[Archana Puran Singh]]<br> for ''Aasman Se Tapki'' (2001)
| award3_type = Last Winner
| award3_winner = [[Shubhangi Atre]] for [[Bhabhi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]
}}

'''ITA Award for Best Actress - Comedy''' is an award given by [[Indian Television Academy Awards|Indian Television Academy]] as a part of its annual event to a female actor in television series who has delivered an outstanding performance in a comic role.

== Winners ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year || Actor || Character || Show || Channel
!Reference
|-
| 2001
|[[Archana Puran Singh]]
|
|''Aasman Se Tapki''
|[[Zee TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=315|title=GR8! TV Magazine - THE INDIAN TELEVISION ACADEMY AWARDS, 2001|website=www.gr8mag.com|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
|[[Supriya Pilgaonkar]]
|Radha
|''[[Tu Tu Main Main]]''
|[[Star Plus]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gr8mag.com/posts.php?id=316|title=GR8! TV Magazine - THE INDIAN TELEVISION ACADEMY AWARDS, 2002|website=www.gr8mag.com|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
|[[Farida Jalal]]
|Sushma Mehra
|''[[Shararat (sitcom)|Shararat]]''
|[[Star Plus]]
|
|-
| 2004
|[[Supriya Pathak]]
|Hansa Parekh
|''[[Khichdi (2002 TV series)|Khichdi]]''
|[[Star Plus]]
|
|-
| 2005
|[[Ratna Pathak]]
|Maya Sarabhai
|''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]''
|[[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star One]]
|
|-
| 2006
|[[Divya Dutta]]
|Shanno
|''Shanno Ki Shaadi''
|[[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star Plus]]
|
|-
| 2007
|Suchita Trivedi
|Meenakshi Thakkar
|''[[Baa Bahoo Aur Baby]]''
|[[Star One (Indian TV channel)|Star Plus]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2008
|[[Disha Vakani]]
|Daya Gada
|''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
|[[Supriya Pathak]]
|Baarmaasi
|''Remote Control''
|[[9X (TV channel)|9X]]
|
|-
| 2009
|[[Disha Vakani]]
| Daya Gada
|''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
| 2010
|[[Kavita Kaushik]]
|Chandramukhi Chautala
|''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
| 2011
|[[Kavita Kaushik]]
|Chandramukhi Chautala
|''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
| 2012
|[[Bharti Singh]]
|Various Characters
|[[Comedy Circus]]
|[[SAB TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/ita-awards-winners-list-ram-kapoor-and-barun-sobti-voted-best-actor-159068/|title=ITA Awards winners' list: Ram Kapoor and Barun Sobti voted Best Actor!|date=2012-11-05|website=Bollywood Life|language=en-EN|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
|[[Kavita Kaushik]]
|Chandramukhi Chautala
|''[[F.I.R. (TV series)|F.I.R.]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
| 2014
|[[Disha Vakani]]
|Daya Gada
|''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]''
|[[SAB TV]]
|
|-
| 2015
|[[Shilpa Shinde]] (awarded jointly with [[Rohitash Gaud]] as Jodi)
|Angoori Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
|[[&TV]]
|
|-
| 2016
|[[Shubhangi Atre Poorey]]
|Angoori Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
|[[&TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ita-awards-2016-mouni-roy-shabbir-ahluwalia-emerge-big-winners-see-pics-video-4374865/|title=ITA Awards 2016: Mouni Roy, Shabbir Ahluwalia emerge big winners, see pics, video|date=2016-11-14|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
|[[Shubhangi Atre Poorey]]
|Angoori Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
|[[&TV]]
|
|-
| 2018
|[[Shubhangi Atre Poorey]]
|Angoori Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
|[[&TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/ita-awards-2018-winners-list-surbhi-chandna-divyanka-tripathi-harshad-chopda-win-big-1407672-2018-12-12|title=ITA Awards 2018 winners list: Surbhi Chandna, Divyanka Tripathi, Harshad Chopda win big|newspaper=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-09-26|agency=Ist}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
|[[Shubhangi Atre Poorey]]
|Angoori Manmohan Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
| [[&TV]]
|
|-
|[[Bharti Singh]]
|Babli Mausi/Lalli
|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
| [[Sony TV]]
|
|-
|}

Since 2021, the award was divided into two categories namely, Best Actress in a Comedy Popular & Jury

===ITA Award for Best Actress in a Comedy - Popular===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year || Actor || Character || Show || Channel
!Reference
|-
| 2021
|rowspan =3|[[Bharti Singh]]
|Titli Yadav
|rowspan =2|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
|rowspan =2|[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|
|-
|2022
|Herself/Chachi
|<ref>{{cite web |author1=ABP News Bureau |title=ITA Awards 2022: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh, Nia Sharma, Rashami Desai & Others Attend |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ita-awards-2022-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-nia-sharma-rashami-desai-other-popular-tv-bollywood-celebs-attend-1517466 |website=news.abplive.com |publisher=ABP News Network Private Limited |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=en |date=7 March 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Favvara Devi
|[[Favvara Chowk]]
|[[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ITA Awards 2023: Tejasswi Prakash, Harshad Chopda win big; Hrithik Roshan dances to ‘Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ita-awards-2023-tejasswi-prakash-harshad-chopda-win-big-hrithik-roshan-dances-to-kaho-naa-pyaar-hai-9062956/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|
|-
|2024
|[[Munmun Dutta]]
|Babita Iyer
|[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
| [[SAB TV]]
|-
|2025
|[[Disha Vakani]]
|Daya Gada
|[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
| [[SAB TV]]
|
|-
|}

===ITA Award for Best Actress in a Comedy - Jury===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Year || Actor || Character || Show || Channel
!Reference
|-
| 2021
|[[Pariva Pranati]]
|Vandana Wagle
|''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]''
| [[Sony SAB]]
|<ref>{{cite web |author1=ABP News Bureau |title=ITA Awards 2022: Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh, Nia Sharma, Rashami Desai & Others Attend |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/ita-awards-2022-alia-bhatt-ranveer-singh-nia-sharma-rashami-desai-other-popular-tv-bollywood-celebs-attend-1517466 |website=news.abplive.com |publisher=ABP News Network Private Limited |access-date=2 May 2022 |language=en |date=7 March 2022 }}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[Shubhangi Atre]]
|Angoori Tiwari
|''[[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]''
|[[& TV]]
|
|-
|2023
|[[Sumona Chakravarti]]
|Bindu Sharma
|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
|[[Sony TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ITA Awards 2023: Tejasswi Prakash, Harshad Chopda win big; Hrithik Roshan dances to ‘Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ita-awards-2023-tejasswi-prakash-harshad-chopda-win-big-hrithik-roshan-dances-to-kaho-naa-pyaar-hai-9062956/ |access-date=11 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>|
|-
|2024
|[[Shubhangi Atre]]
|Angoori Tiwari
| [[Bhabi Ji Ghar Par Hai!]]
|[[& TV]]
|
|-
||2025
|[[Disha Vakani]]
|Daya Gada
|[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]
| [[SAB TV]]
|
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Television Academy Awards|best actress comedy]]
[[Category:Television awards for Best Actress]]

Death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh

2026-01-19T16:15:27Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: updated lead and updated info per sources

{{Short description|2005 death event of Indian gangster}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Cleanup|reason=Poor structure, confusing timeline, and lack of balance in legal outcomes|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| place = Vishala Circle, [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]]
| image =
| title = Death of Sohrabuddin Sheikh
| partof =
| date = 26 November 2005
| result = Killing of Sohrabuddin Sheikh
| side1 = [[Gujarat Police]]
| side2 = [[Sohrabuddin Sheikh]]
| casualties2 = 1 death
}}

The '''Sohrabuddin Sheikh encounter''' case is a [[criminal case]] in the [[Gujarat]] state after the death of '''Sohrabuddin Anwarhussain Sheikh''' on 26 November 2005.

On 26 November police shot and killed Sohrabuddin in what they described as an [[encounter killing]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> On 28–29 November in a village in [[Ilol State|Ilol]] someone murdered Kauser (Kausar) Bi. Her body was burned. Some reports indicated she had also been raped.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In December Sohrabuddin's brother wrote to the [[Chief Justice of India]] claiming murder with police involvement.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In response, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Department]] in Gujarat to take the case from police and themselves investigate it. A year later, on 26 December 2006, police reported that Tulsiram had escaped from police custody.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> On 28 December, a police encounter led to the [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing]] between the town of [[Ambaji]] and the village of Sarhad Chapri near the border between Gujarat and Rajasthan. In May 2014, [[Narendra Modi]] became [[Prime Minister of India]], which was related to the case because defendant Amit Shah was his close advisor.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> The court later discharged Shah from the case.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

When the trial presided over by Judge SJ Sharma, began in november 2017 <ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Of 210 witnesses, 92 withdraw or change their earlier testimony and become [[Hostile witness|hostile]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> The special court later acquitted the 22 accused accused police and officials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=All 22 Accused Acquitted in Sohrabuddin Shaikh Fake Encounter Case|url=https://thewire.in/rights/all-22-accused-acquitted-in-sohrabuddin-shaikh-fake-encounter-case|access-date=2022-01-31|website=The Wire}}</ref> and [[D. G. Vanzara]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sohrabuddin-encounter-case-all-22-accused-acquitted/articleshow/67190016.cms | title=Sohrabuddin Encounter Case: All 22 accused acquitted | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=21 December 2018 | access-date=21 December 2018 | archive-date=9 February 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sohrabuddin-encounter-case-all-22-accused-acquitted/articleshow/67190016.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Facts of case==
===Involved persons===
Accused non-governmental criminals and their associates include Sohrabuddin Sheikh, his wife Kauser Bi, [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing|Tulsiram Prajapati]], and [[Sylvester Daniel]]. Accused police and officials include [[Vipul Aggarwal]], Abhay Chudasama, [[Geetha Johri]], [[Dinesh MN]], [[Rajkumar Pandian]], [[P.P. Pandey]], [[Ashish Pandya]], [[Amit Shah]], and [[D. G. Vanzara]]. Judges, lawyers, and prosecutors involved in the case included [[Brijgopal Harkishan Loya]] and [[Shrikant Khandalkar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=All 22 Accused Acquitted in Sohrabuddin Shaikh Fake Encounter Case|url=https://thewire.in/rights/all-22-accused-acquitted-in-sohrabuddin-shaikh-fake-encounter-case|access-date=2022-01-31|website=The Wire}}</ref>

===Timeline===
On 23–24 November 2005, Gujarati police deputy inspector general [[D. G. Vanzara]] took custody of [[history-sheeter]] Sohrabuddin Sheikh, his wife Kauser (Kausar) Bi, and Tulsiram Prajapati as they travelled by bus in [[Sangli]], Maharashtra.<ref name="Bose January 2019">{{cite web |last1=Bose |first1=Mrityunjay |title=Who killed Sohrabuddin? |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/who-killed-sohrabuddin-711607.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |date=6 January 2019 |access-date=3 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061834/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/who-killed-sohrabuddin-711607.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Vanzara sent Tulsiram to [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, where the Rajasthan police took custody of him and took him to [[Udaipur]], Rajasthan.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

On 26 November police shot and killed Sohrabuddin in an [[encounter killing]]. On 28–29 November, in a village in [[Ilol State|Ilol]] someone murdered Kauser Bi (or Kausar Bi) and burned her body. Some accounts claimed she had also been raped.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In December, Sohrabuddin's brother wrote to the [[Chief Justice of India]] claiming murder with police involvement.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In response, the [[Supreme Court of India]] directed the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|Criminal Investigation Department]] in Gujarat to take the case from police and themselves investigate it. A year later, on 26 December 2006, police reported that Tulsiram had escaped from police custody.On 28 December, a police encounter led to the [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing]] between the town of [[Ambaji]] and the village of Sarhad Chapri near the border between Gujarat and Rajasthan.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

In February 2007, [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] [[Rajnish Rai]] submitted a report to the [[Criminal Investigation Department (India)|CID]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In April, Rai arrested fellow [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officers [[Dinesh MN]], [[Rajkumar Pandian]], and [[D. G. Vanzara]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parihar |first1=Uday Mahurkar Rohit |title=IPS officers D G Vanzara, R K Pandian arrested in Sohrabuddin's encounter case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20070507-ips-officers-arrested-for-fake-encounters-748457-2007-05-07 |website=India Today |language=en |date=7 May 2007 |access-date=2021-01-03 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061834/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/20070507-ips-officers-arrested-for-fake-encounters-748457-2007-05-07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Weeks later Rai leaves the case investigation.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

Early in 2010 the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] transfers the investigation of the case from the police in Gujarat to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] office in Mumbai.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In April 2010 CBI arrests [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]] Abhay Chudasama on charges of criminal collaboration with the deceased Sohrabuddin.<ref name="NDTV April 2010">{{cite web |last1=Bhan |first1=Rohit |title=Gujarat top cop arrested for Sohrabuddin case |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-top-cop-arrested-for-sohrabuddin-case-416603 |website=[[NDTV]] |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=3 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061835/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-top-cop-arrested-for-sohrabuddin-case-416603 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Chudasama was the 14th police officer arrested in the case.<ref name="NDTV April 2010"/> In July 2010 CBI [[chargesheet]]ed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-resigns-still-untraceable/article16209861.ece|title=Amit Shah resigns, still untraceable|access-date=5 June 2021|last=Manas|first=Dasgupta|date=24 July 2010|work=The Hindu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108001300/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Amit-Shah-resigns-still-untraceable/article16209861.ece|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> and arrested [[Amit Shah]], who was then [[Minister of State]] for the [[Government of Gujarat]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

In April 2011 CBI took control of the investigation into the [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In 2012 the [[Supreme Court of India|SC]] transferred the trial from the [[Gujarat High Court]] to the [[Bombay High Court]] to promote a more fair trial.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In 2013 the SC combined the cases of Sohrabuddin, his wife Kauser Bi, and Tulsiram.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

In May 2014 [[Narendra Modi]] became [[Prime Minister of India]], which was related to the case because defendant Amit Shah was his close advisor.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> The SC had stated that one judge should oversee the entire case.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> The first judge, J T Utpat, had ordered Amit Shah to appear in court.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Judge Utpat left the case for unclear reasons in June 2014 and [[Brijgopal Harkishan Loya|BH Loya]] replaced him.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Judge Loya also insisted that Shah appear in court.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> In December 2014 Judge Loya died in strange circumstances, according to the ''Deccan Herald''. Judge MB Gosavi replaced Loya. That month, the court discharged Amit Shah from the case as court found no evidence against Shah.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

In November 2015, Sohrabuddin's brother petitioned the Bombay High Court with a challenge Shah's discharge.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Within days, he withdraws his petition.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Activist [[Harsh Mander]] petitioned the court with his own challenge against Shah's discharge first to the Bombay court then the SC, but by the end of 2016 both courts dismissed Mander for lack of [[Standing (law)|standing]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

In November 2017 CBI Judge SJ Sharma begins the trial.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> Of 210 witnesses, 92 withdrew or changed their earlier testimony and become [[Hostile witness|hostile witnesses]].<ref name="Bose January 2019"/> That same month, ''[[The Caravan]]'' publishes a story from Judge Loya's family in which they describe strange and hidden circumstances of his death.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/><ref name="Takle November 2017">{{cite web |last1=Takle |first1=Niranjan |title=Shocking details emerge in death of judge presiding over Sohrabuddin trial |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/shocking-details-emerge-in-death-of-judge-presiding-over-sohrabuddin-trial-family-breaks-silence |website=[[The Caravan]] |language=en |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=3 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061837/https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/shocking-details-emerge-in-death-of-judge-presiding-over-sohrabuddin-trial-family-breaks-silence |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2018, Judge [[Dipak Misra]] declares that Loya's death was by [[Death by natural causes|natural causes]]. In September 2018, the court discharges several of the accused including Dinesh, Pandian, and Vanzara. In November the witness examination ends without the defense producing any witnesses. In December the court heard final arguments, and on 21 December the court discharged all 22 accused due to lack of evidence.<ref name="Bose January 2019"/>

== Cases against Sohrabuddin Sheikh ==
Sohrabuddin Sheikh was accused of possessing 40 AK-47 assault rifles that were recovered from his house in Jharania village of [[Ujjain district]] in 1995.<ref name=ak47>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/city-crime-branch-gets-dawood-gang-member-on-transit-warrant/690414/ |title=City Crime Branch gets Dawood gang member on transit warrant |publisher=Indian Express |date=2010-09-30 |access-date=2012-11-28}}</ref> At the time of his killing, he also had more than 60 pending cases against him, ranging from extorting protection money from marble factories in Gujarat and Rajasthan, to arms smuggling in Madhya Pradesh, to murder cases both in Gujarat and Rajasthan. According to the police, Sheikh was an underworld criminal with links to the Sharifkhan Pathan (alias Chhota Dawood) and Abdul Latif gangs, and with Rasool Parti and Brajesh Singh, both known to be close to India's underworld kingpin [[Dawood Ibrahim]].<ref name=outlook>{{cite web|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=337770 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131013520/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=337770 |url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-31 |title=Criminal sent by LeT, ISI to kill Gujarat leader shot dead |publisher=news.outlookindia.com |date=2005-11-26 |access-date=2012-11-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_sohrabuddin-was-aide-of-haren-pandya-murder-plotter_1420320 |title=Sohrabuddin was aide of Haren Pandya murder plotter|publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=2010-08-08 |access-date=2012-11-28 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061836/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-sohrabuddin-was-aide-of-haren-pandya-murder-plotter-1420320 |url-status=live }}</ref> To escape the police, Sheikh fled with his family from Gujarat to [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad, Telangana]].

===Encounter===

On 23 November 2005, Sohrabuddin Sheikh was traveling on a public bus with his wife, Kauser (Kausar) Bi, from Hyderabad to [[Sangli]], [[Maharashtra]]. At 01:30 am, the Gujarat police ATS stopped the bus and took them away.<ref name=who>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/who-was-sohrabuddin-sheikh-39280 Who was Sohrabuddin Sheikh?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061835/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-was-sohrabuddin-sheikh-424777 |date=2021-02-09 }}. Ndtv.com (2010-07-23). Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> She wanted to stay with her husband but was taken to a Disha farmhouse outside Ahmedabad instead. Three days later, Sheikh was killed in an encounter killing on a highway at Vishala Circle near [[Ahmedabad]]. The report filed in the Supreme Court by the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) quotes a number of witnesses and builds up a narrative of the killing.<ref name=ht>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100725120911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Fake-encounter-how-Sohrabuddin-Sheikh-was-killed/Article1-219773.aspx Encounter: how Sohrabuddin Sheikh was killed]. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref>

==Exposure and state investigations==

The encounter killing was not exposed until a media report made a year later. This report, together with a petition filed in the Supreme Court by Sheikh's brother, led to investigations into the incident. In April 2007, senior state police officers were arrested for their connection to the case.{{cn|date=December 2025}}

===Media report and Supreme Court petition===

The encounter killing was exposed after a few police inspectors boasted about it over drinks with the journalist Prashant Dayal, who conducted his own investigations at the farmhouse, and then at [[Ilol State|Ilol]]. He ascertained that a burqa-clad woman had been cremated there. He then broke the story in November 2006, in the leading [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] newspaper, [[Divya Bhaskar]],<ref name=journo>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/25spec.htm|title=Rickshaw driver -journalist behind Gujarat arrests|work=rediff.com|access-date=2007-05-05|archive-date=2012-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110054332/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/25spec.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and gave details of the encounter.

Meanwhile, Sheikh's brother Rubabuddin petitioned the Supreme Court claiming that the Gujarat police had orchestrated the encounter and demanded to be given information on the location of his sister-in-law Kauser. In March 2007, the Supreme Court ordered the state Criminal Investigation Department to conduct a time-bound investigation. Inspector-General [[Geetha Johri]] was given the task of conducting the investigation, and was to report directly to the court. She gathered evidence that implicated the role of several police officers in the encounter. However, it has been claimed that she may have "steered clear of linking them to a political conspiracy".<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/who-is-geeta-johri-41009 Who is Geeta Johri?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061836/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/who-is-geeta-johri-425610 |date=2021-02-09 }}. Ndtv.com (2010-07-30). Retrieved 2010-08-29.</ref> Based on the evidence collected by Johri, DIG Police Rajnish Rai on 24 April 2007, arrested DIG (Border Range) D G Vanzara and Rajkumar Pandian, Superintendent of Police with the Intelligence Bureau, and [[M.N. Dinesh]] of Rajasthan police, who is alleged to have been working at the behest of the marble lobby.<ref name=deny>[http://www.hindu.com/2010/07/31/stories/2010073165520500.htm Other States / Rajasthan News : Kataria denies any role in Sohrabuddin case] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061836/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2010/07/31/ |date=2021-02-09 }}. The Hindu. Retrieved 2010-08-29.</ref>

The Supreme Court asked the Gujarat government to place before it the inquiry reports prepared by Johri, which had allegedly said that Sheikh was killed in an encounter killing. Johri was removed from the investigation after this report was published.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/30fake.htm |title=Kauser Bi killed, body burnt; Gujarat govt to SC |access-date=2007-05-05 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209035928/https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/30fake.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> On 3 May 2007, the court asked the government whether Johri had been dismissed from the investigation so that a further probe would not be carried out, and directed it to submit a final report on 15 May, the day scheduled for the final order.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/may/03fake.htm Gujarat encounter: SC order on May 15], in.rediff.com. Accessed 2 December 2025.</ref>

===Inspector General's report===
In Part B of the report, Johri recorded facts relating to repeated attempts by the accused police officers and Amit Shah to sabotage the Supreme Court mandated enquiry. The report states that Shah "brought to bear pressure" on the enquiry process, with the result that Ms. Johri was directed to suspend the enquiry and the enquiry papers were taken away from her "under the guise of scrutiny." Johri also records that Shah even "directed Shri G.C. Raigar, Additional Director General of Police, CID (Crime & Railways) to provide him with the list of witnesses, both police and private, who are yet to be contacted by CID (Crime) for recording their statement in the said enquiry."<ref name=hindu/>

The government was asked by the court to give the reason for Johri's removal from the case on May 15.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/15gujenc.htm Gujarat encounter probe in right direction: SC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061943/https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/15gujenc.htm |date=2021-02-09 }}. Rediff.com (2004-12-31). Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> Not finding the Gujarat government's explanations satisfactory, the bench of Justices Tarun Chatterjee and P.K. Balasubramanyam ruled that Johri would report directly to the Supreme Court. She was reinstated in the same position and also asked to head the case.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120731164412/http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=86609 SC rejects CBI inquiry]. Expressindia.com (2007-05-17). Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref>

==Allegations of involvement in Haren Pandya murder==
The newspaper [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]], citing sources in the Gujarat State Police, reported in August 2011 that Sohrabuddin and Tulsiram may have been "used to kill [[Haren Pandya]]",<ref name=dna>{{cite news
|title = Was it Tulsiram Prajapati who killed Haren Pandya?
|publisher = DNA (newspaper)
|date = 30 August 2011
|url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1581624/report-was-it-tulsiram-prajapati-who-killed-haren-pandya
|access-date = 2013-09-30
|archive-date = 2021-02-09
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210209035829/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-was-it-tulsiram-prajapati-who-killed-haren-pandya-1581624
|url-status = live}}</ref> the erstwhile BJP leader who was once close to [[Narendra Modi]]. The murder remains unsolved<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/haren-pandya-murder-case-shut-but-mystery-unsolved/20111017.htm |title=Haren Pandya murder: Case shut, but mystery unsolved - Rediff.com India News |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2014-08-18 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061921/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/haren-pandya-murder-case-shut-but-mystery-unsolved/20111017.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> after 12 people arrested for it were released in what the high court called a "botched up and blinkered" investigation.<ref>{{cite news
| title = The Haren Pandya Judgment: Dissection of a Botched Investigation
| author = Sarim Naved
| publisher = Economic and Political Weekly, Vol - XLVI No. 38
| url = http://www.epw.in/commentary/haren-pandya-judgment-dissection-botched-investigation.html
| date = September 17, 2011 |access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref>

According to the DNA report, Sohrabuddin was initially given the task but he backpedalled and the murder was eventually executed by Tulsiram. The encounter killings of Sohrabuddin and Tulsiram were a result of unease among the conspirators who lost confidence in Sohrabuddin and Tulsiram.<ref name=dna/> A similar charge was made by ex-IPS officer [[Sanjiv Bhatt]], who discovered evidence for Sohrabuddin and Tulsiram's involvement and forwarded it to [[Amit Shah]], who sounded "very disturbed over the telephone" and asked him "not to speak about it to anyone".<ref>{{cite news
|title = Tulsiram Prajapati killed Haren Pandya, says Sanjiv Bhatt
|author = D. P. Bhattacharya
|publisher = [[India Today]]
|url = https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/tulsiram-prajapati-killed-haren-pandya-sanjiv-bhatt-140082-2011-08-30
|date = 31 August 2011
|access-date = 30 September 2013
|archive-date = 9 February 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210209035832/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/tulsiram-prajapati-killed-haren-pandya-sanjiv-bhatt-140082-2011-08-31 |url-status = live}}</ref> Bhatt followed this up with a letter to Shah detailing the "involvement of Sohrabuddin and some policemen in the murder". Bhatt was subsequently suspended from the Gujarat police.<ref>{{cite news
|title = The Emperor Uncrowned : The rise of Narendra Modi
|author = By VINOD K JOSE
|publisher = Caravan magazine
|url = http://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned#
|date = March 2012
|access-date = 2013-09-30
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131001133519/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned
|archive-date = 2013-10-01
|url-status = dead}}</ref>

==CBI enquiry==
Despite the detailed nature of the Johri report, the Supreme Court felt impelled, given the allegations of involvement by senior politicians, that the case should be transferred to the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] for investigation. Since 2007, the Gujarat government had strongly resisted these attempts.<ref name=hindu>{{Cite news |title=Geetha Johri report speaks of "collusion of State government" |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/05/stories/2007050510410100.htm |date=2007-05-05 |access-date=2007-05-12 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061917/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2007/05/05/ |work=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | work=Rediff.com | title=Centre for CBI enquiry into Gujarat encounters | url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/26fake.htm | date=2007-04-26 | access-date=2007-05-12 | archive-date=2021-02-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061916/https://in.rediff.com/news/2007/apr/26fake.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> The CBI took help of [[Tirath Das Dogra]] of AIIMS New Delhi and Forensic experts of Central Forensic Science Laboratory New Delhi in Forensic investigations.<ref name="Zeenews.india.com">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/cbi-reconstructs-tulsi-prajapati-encounter_718501.html |title=CBI reconstructs Tulsi Prajapati encounter |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |date=9 July 2011 |access-date=28 December 2012 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061925/https://zeenews.india.com/news/gujarat/cbi-reconstructs-tulsi-prajapati-encounter_718501.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Media pressure began building up, with calls from organizations such as [[Amnesty International]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/011/2007/en/ |title=India: A pattern of unlawful killings by the Gujarat police: Urgent need for effective investigations |date=24 May 2007 |access-date=2018-11-21 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061924/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/011/2007/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Eventually, on 12 January 2010, the Supreme Court observed that "the facts surrounding Prajapati's death evokes strong suspicion that a deliberate attempt was made to destroy a human witness".<ref name=ndtv>[http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/cbi_to_probe_sohrabbudins_fake_encounter.php Supreme Court assigns Sohrabuddin case to CBI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061931/https://www.ndtv.com/india |date=2021-02-09 }}. Ndtv.com. Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> The court then directed the CBI to take over the probe.

Subsequently, the CBI arrested senior Gujarat police officer [[Abhay Chudasama]], who was charged with extortion in partnership with Sheikh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Abhay-Sohrab-had-7525-partnership-in-extortion-business/articleshow/6238772.cms |title=Abhay, Sohrab had 75:25 partnership in extortion business |work=The Times of India |date=30 July 2010 |access-date=2010-08-01 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/abhay-sohrab-had-7525-partnership-in-extortion-business/articleshow/6238772.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> After Chudasama's arrest, the CBI also charged the now ex-home minister Shah with collusion.<ref name=ht/>

Suspicion of political interference intensified after the evidence handed over to the CBI from the state investigations showed that 331 phone calls by Shah to the concerned police officers had been deleted from the records.<ref name=opm>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Another-top-cop-under-scanner-for--erasing--Amit-Shah-reference-in-CD/652299|title=Another top cop under scanner for erasing Amit Shah reference in CD|work=indianexpress.com |date=27 July 2010 }}</ref> After media reports revealed the original records of calls from Shah to Vanzara and other police officers executing the killings, the CBI acquired the original records, and ex-police chief O.P. Mathur, who was then Director of [[Raksha Shakti University]], was indicted for deleting evidence.<ref name=opm/> Shah was subsequently named as the "prime accused" in the case.<ref>[http://www.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=Ne310710Amitshah.asp India's Independent Weekly News Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203235159/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main46.asp?filename=Ne310710Amitshah.asp |date=2011-02-03 }}. Tehelka. Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref>

A CBI witness also claimed that they were paid Rs. 10 crores by R.K. Patni, the owner of RK marbles who was acquainted with [[Indian National Congress]] leaders,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100804063622/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/sohrabuddin-case-cong-red-faced-too/127941-37-64.html?from=tn Sohrabuddin case: Congress red-faced too]. Ibnlive.in.com (3 February 2010). Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> to eliminate Sheikh.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/rs-10-crore-paid-to-ministers-cops-to-kill-sohrabuddin-41182 'Rs 10 crore paid to ministers, cops to kill Sohrabuddin'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061943/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rs-10-crore-paid-to-ministers-cops-to-kill-sohrabuddin-425684 |date=2021-02-09 }}. Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> BJP MLAs [[Gulab Chand Kataria]] and [[Om Prakash Mathur]] from the neighbouring state of [[Rajasthan]] were also named in the case. Kataria had visited Gujarat to lobby for the release of Rajasthan police officer [[Dinesh MN|Dinesh M.N.]] in 2007.<ref name=deny/> denied all charges.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Ex-Minister-denies-being-paid-for-Sohrabuddin-encounter/654415 Ex-Minister denies being paid for Sohrabuddin encounter]. Indianexpress.com (1 August 2010). Retrieved 29 August 2010.</ref> On 1 September 2013, IPS Officer D.G. Vanzara resigned, blaming lack of interest shown by State Government in rescuing him and other police officers jailed in fake encounter cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Resignation Letter of D G Vanzara, Gujarat IPS Officer|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/senior-gujarat-police-d-g-vanzara-resigns-from-ips-blaming-amit-shah/|access-date=2013-09-03|archive-date=2021-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061942/https://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/senior-gujarat-police-d-g-vanzara-resigns-from-ips-blaming-amit-shah/|url-status=live}}</ref> Dinesh M. N. was granted bail in May 2014. He had served seven years in jail due to cases. The Special Court had discharged [[Amit Shah]] from the case due to lack of evidence in December 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Police officers D.G. Vanzara and Dinesh M.N. were acquitted in August 2017 due to lack of evidence.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/dg-vanzara-discharged-former-gujarat-cop-cleared-in-sohrabuddin-fake-encounter-case-due-to-lack-of-evidence-3883413.html|title=DG Vanzara discharged: Former Gujarat cop cleared in Sohrabuddin encounter case due to lack of evidence|date=2017-08-02|work=Firstpost|access-date=2017-08-02|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170802060938/http://www.firstpost.com/india/dg-vanzara-discharged-former-gujarat-cop-cleared-in-sohrabuddin-fake-encounter-case-due-to-lack-of-evidence-3883413.html|archive-date=2017-08-02|url-status=dead|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Reactions==
{{tweet
|text=NO ONE KILLED... Haren Pandya. Tulsiram Prajapati. Justice Loya. Prakash Thombre. Shrikant Khandalkar. Kauser Bi. Sohrabuddin Shiekh. THEY JUST DIED.
|name=Rahul Gandhi
|username=RahulGandhi
|date=22 December 2018
|ID=1076444221446459392
}}

As the case included the high ranking [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] politician [[Amit Shah]], the opposition party including [[Rahul Gandhi]] criticized the case throughout.<ref name="India Today December 2018">{{cite web |author1=India Today Web Desk |title=No one killed Sohrabuddin, Justice Loya, they just died: Rahul Gandhi's latest jibe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/no-one-killed-sohrabuddin-justice-loya-they-just-died-rahul-gandhi-s-latest-jibe-1415340-2018-12-22 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |date=22 December 2018 |access-date=2021-01-03 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061954/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/no-one-killed-sohrabuddin-justice-loya-they-just-died-rahul-gandhi-s-latest-jibe-1415340-2018-12-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> When the court found no evidence of guilt at the end, Gandhi remarked that somehow various people died from strange circumstances.<ref name="India Today December 2018"/>

In 2007, [[Amnesty International]] criticized the police investigation and the practice of encounter killings by Indian police.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Amnesty International |author1-link=Amnesty International |title=INDIA: A PATTERN OF UNLAWFUL KILLINGS BY THE GUJARAT POLICE: URGENT NEED FOR EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATIONS |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/011/2007/en/ |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en |date=24 May 2007 |access-date=21 November 2018 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209062005/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa20/011/2007/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

A publication advocating for rule of law in India criticized the circumstances of the case for the normalization of extraordinary and gruesome occurrences, and for out of process police investigation, and for unacceptably poor courtroom proceedings.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Aayomi |title=Why the mass acquittal in Sohrabuddin Sheikh case is about grave systemic injustice |url=https://www.theleaflet.in/why-the-mass-acquittal-in-sohrabuddin-sheikh-case-is-about-grave-systemic-injustice/# |website=TheLeaflet |date=31 December 2018 |access-date=4 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061935/https://www.theleaflet.in/why-the-mass-acquittal-in-sohrabuddin-sheikh-case-is-about-grave-systemic-injustice/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

News sources including ''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Failure of justice: on Sohrabuddin case verdict |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/failure-of-justice/article25814414.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=24 December 2018 |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061935/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/failure-of-justice/article25814414.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'',<ref>{{cite web |author1=Deccan Herald News Source |title=EDITORIAL A case of failure of justice |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/first-edit/case-failure-justice-709702.html |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en |date=24 December 2018 |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209062006/https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/first-edit/case-failure-justice-709702.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[The Indian Express]]''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Janwalkar |first1=Mayura |last2=Bhasin |first2=Ruhi |title=Failure of justice system in Sohrabuddin encounter case, Bombay High Court should relook: Ex-judge Abhay M Thipsay |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sohrabuddin-encounter-case-bombay-high-court-loya-death-amit-shah-bjp-abhay-m-thipsay-5063076/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en |date=14 February 2018 |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061949/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sohrabuddin-encounter-case-bombay-high-court-loya-death-amit-shah-bjp-abhay-m-thipsay-5063076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> described the case as a failure of the justice system. The ''[[National Herald]]'' claimed the court had inappropriately issued a [[gag order]] to prevent media coverage of the case.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Uttam |title=Who is afraid of Sohrabuddin Sheikh? |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/who-is-afraid-of-sohrabuddin-sheikh |website=[[National Herald]] |language=en |date=30 November 2017 |access-date=4 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061946/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/who-is-afraid-of-sohrabuddin-sheikh |url-status=live }}</ref>

Legal commentators [[Harsh Mander]] and Sarim Naved claimed the case demonstrated the Indian justice system was incapabable of effectively managing large court cases involving high-profile people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mander |first1=Harsh |last2=Naved |first2=Sarim |author1-link=Harsh Mander |title=Opinion: Sohrabuddin Sheikh judgement betrays every principle of justice and legal procedure |url=https://scroll.in/article/907331/opinion-sohrabuddin-sheikh-case-judgement-betrays-every-principle-of-justice-and-legal-procedure |website=Scroll.in |date=29 December 2018 |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209061949/https://scroll.in/article/907331/opinion-sohrabuddin-sheikh-case-judgement-betrays-every-principle-of-justice-and-legal-procedure |url-status=live }}</ref> Legal blog ''Bar and Bench'' used the case to talk about various challenges in the Indian legal system.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dave |first1=Dave |title=Sohrabuddin Judgment: A Blot on Independence of Judiciary |url=https://www.barandbench.com/columns/sohrabuddin-judgment-blot-independence-judiciary |website=Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news |language=en |date=7 January 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Politics|Crime
}}
* [[Tulsiram Prajapati killing]]
* [[1982 Gonda Encounter]]
* [[Ishrat Jahan encounter killing]]
* [[Ranbir Singh case]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111127235804/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main51.asp?filename=Ne031211Coverstory.asp Dead Man Talking] Tehelka, 3 December 2011.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sohrabuddin Sheikh encounter}}
[[Category:Indian extortionists]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Extrajudicial killings in India]]
[[Category:2005 in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in India]]
[[Category:Deaths in police custody in India]]
[[Category:Encounters in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Controversies in India]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party controversies]]
[[Category:Political scandals in India]]

List of cities and towns in Kerala

2026-01-14T03:08:25Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: General cleanup and content improvements

{{short description|None}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Lists of cities in Kerala}}
This is a list of cities and towns in the state of [[Kerala]], [[India]] with their population.<ref name="Census2011cities">{{cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|url=https://urban.lsgkerala.gov.in|work= Population of the urban local bodies in Kerala (2011)|publisher=Government of Kerala|accessdate=4 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2011 census_PART_B_MALAPPURAM |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3205_PART_B_MALAPPURAM.pdf |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== History ==
The urban councils of Kerala date back to the 17th century, when the [[Dutch Malabar]] established the municipality of [[Fort Kochi]]. In 1664, the municipality of [[Fort Kochi]] was established by [[Dutch Malabar]], making it the first municipality in the [[Indian subcontinent]], which was dissolved when the Dutch authority got weaker in the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite news|title=50 years on, Kochi still has a long way to go|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/50-years-on-kochi-still-has-a-long-way-to-go/articleshow/60835311.cms|last=M K Sunil Kumar|date=26 September 2017|access-date=1 June 2021|work=The Times of India}}</ref> However, the first modern kind of municipalities were formed in the state in 1866 in [[Malabar District]]. In 1866, [[Fort Kochi]] municipality was reestablished. [[Kannur]], [[Thalassery]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Palakkad]], and [[Fort Kochi]], which were parts of [[Malabar District]] until 1956, were made the first modern municipalities of Kerala on 1 November 1866, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)<ref name="Ref1">{{cite web|url=http://www.lawmin.nic.in/chronology.doc |title=CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CENTRAL ACTS (Updated up to 17-10-2014) |website=Lawmin.nic.in |access-date=2016-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis McIver |first1=G. Stokes |title=Imperial Census of 1881 Operations and Results in the Presidency of Madras |date=1883 |publisher=E.Keys at the Government Press |location=Madras |page=444 |edition=(Vol II) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b_YIAAAAQAAJ |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="google.co.in">{{cite book |last1=Presidency |first1=Madras (India |title=Madras District Gazetteers, Statistical Appendix For Malabar District. |date=1915 |publisher=The Superintendent, Government Press |location=Madras |page=20 |edition=Vol.2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUEwnQEACAAJ |access-date=2 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=HENRY FROWDE, M.A. |first1=Imperial Gazetteer of India |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India |date=1908–1909 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |edition=New |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ |access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> of the [[British Indian Empire]]. The [[Thiruvananthapuram]] Municipality came into existence in 1920. After two decades, during the reign of [[Sree Chithira Thirunal]], Thiruvananthapuram Municipality was converted into a corporation on 30 October 1940, making it the oldest municipal corporation of Kerala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=11 |title=Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=2010-10-29 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918085703/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=11 |archive-date=2010-09-18 }} Year of becoming a corporation</ref> The first municipal corporation formed after the independence of [[India]] as well as the second-oldest municipal corporation of the state is [[Kozhikode Municipal Corporation]], established in 1962.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080209134539/http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/05/stories/2008020561140500.htm Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency redrawn Delimitation impact], ''The Hindu'' 5 February 2008</ref>

==List==
:Population and area refer to the boundaries defined under the respective municipal corporations/municipalities/census towns, not necessarily the actual [[urban agglomeration|urban area]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Kerla.html |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308150801/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/Kerla.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/kerala/|title=Kerala (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable" font-size: 0.90em;"
|-
! Rank !! City/town !! Population (2025) !! Area(km<sup>2</sup>) !! Density (/km<sup>2)</sup>!! District
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| <span style="color:red;">'''Municipal Corporations'''</span>
|-
| 1 || [[Thiruvananthapuram]] || 957,730 || 214.86 || 4,427|| [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| 2 || [[Kochi]] || 677,381 || 96.88 || 6,345 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 3 || [[Kozhikode]] || 609,224 || 118.58 || 5,138 || Kozhikode district |[[Kozhikode]]
|-
| 4 || [[Kollam]] || 397,419 || 72.19 || 5,379 || [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| 5 || [[Thrissur]] || 315,957 || 101.42 || 3,115 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 6 || [[Kannur]] || 232,486 || 78.35 || 2,967 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| <span style="color:red;">'''Municipalities'''</span>
|-
| 7 || [[Alappuzha]]|| 174,164 || 46.20 || 3,770 ||[[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 8 || [[Kottayam]]|| 136,812 || 55.4 || 2,469 ||[[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 9 || [[Palakkad]]|| 131,019 || 26.60 || 4,926 ||[[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 10 || [[Manjeri]]|| 97,102 || 53.06 || 1,830 ||[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 11 || [[Thalassery]]|| 92,558 || 23.96 || 3,863 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 12 || [[Thrippunithura]]|| 92,522 || 29.17 || 3,172 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 13 || [[Ponnani]]|| 90,491 || 24.82 || 3,646 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 14 || [[Vatakara]]|| 75,295 || 21.32 || 3,532 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 15 || [[Kanhangad]]|| 73,536 || 39.54 || 1,860 || [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
|-
| 16 || [[Payyanur]]|| 72,111 || 54.63 || 1,320 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 17 || [[Koyilandy]]|| 71,873 || 29.05 || 2,474 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 18 || [[Parappanangadi]]|| 71,239 || 22.25 || 3,202 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 19 || [[Kalamassery]]|| 71,038 || 27.00 || 2,631 ||[[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 20 || [[Kodungallur]] || 70,868 || 29.24 || 2,424 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 21 || [[Neyyattinkara]]|| 70,840 || 28.78 || 2,461 || [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| 22 || [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]]|| 69,534 || 19.49 || 3,568 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 23 || [[Kayamkulam]]|| 68,634 || 21.79 || 3,150 || [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 24 || [[Malappuram]]|| 68,127 || 33.61 || 2,027 ||[[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 25 || [[Guruvayur]] || 67,006 || 29.66 || 2,259 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 26 || [[Thrikkakkara]] || 65,984 || 28.10 || 2,348 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 27 || [[Irinjalakuda]] || 62,521 || 33.57 || 1,862 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 28 || [[Wadakkancherry]] || 61,341 || 51.56 || 1,190 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 29 || [[Nedumangad]] || 60,161 || 32.53 || 1,849 || [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| 30 || [[Kondotty]] || 59,256 || 30.93 || 1,916 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 31 || [[Tirurangadi]] || 56,632 || 17.73 || 3,194 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 32 || [[Tirur]] || 56,058 || 16.55 || 3,387 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 33 || [[Panoor]] || 55,216 || 28.53 || 1,935 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 34 || [[Kasaragod]] || 54,172 || 16.69 || 3,246 ||[[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
|-
| 35 || [[Feroke]] || 54,074 || 15.54 || 3,480 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 36 || [[Kunnamkulam]] || 54,071 || 34.18 || 1,582 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 37 || [[Ottappalam]] || 53,792 ||32.68 ||1,646 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 38 || [[Thiruvalla]] || 52,883 || 27.15 || 1,948 || [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|-
| 39 || [[Thodupuzha]] || 52,025 || 35.43 || 1,468 || [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| 40 || [[Ettumanoor]] || 51,129 || 27.8 || 1,829 || [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 41 || [[Perinthalmanna]] || 49,723 || 34.41 || 1,445 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 42 || [[Karunagappalli]] || 49,604 || 18.65 || 2,660 || [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| 43 || [[Chalakudy]] || 49,525 || 25.23 || 1,963 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 44 || [[Payyoli]] || 49,470 || 22.34 || 2,214 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 45 || [[Koduvally]] || 48,687 || 23.85 || 2,041 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 46 || [[Mananthavady]] || 47,974 || 80.10 || 599 || [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|-
| 47 || [[Changanassery]] || 47,685 || 13.50 || 3,532 || [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 48 || [[Mattanur]] || 47,078 || 54.32 || 867 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 49 || [[Punalur]]|| 46,659 || 34.45 || 1,354 || [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| 50 || [[Nilambur]] || 46,366 || 30.79 || 1,506 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 51 || [[Cherthala]] || 45,827 || 16.19 || 2,831 || [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 52 || [[Sultan Bathery]] || 45,417 || 102.24 || 444 || [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|-
| 53 || [[Maradu]] || 44,704 || 12.35 || 3,620 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 54 || [[Kottakkal]] || 44,382 || 20.45 || 2,170 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 55 || [[Taliparamba]] || 44,247 || 18.96 || 2,334 ||[[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 56 || [[Shornur]] || 43,528 || 32.34 || 1,346 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 57 || [[Pandalam]] || 42,793 || 28.42 || 1,506 || [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|-
| 58 || [[Kattappana]] || 42,646 || 52.77 || 808 || [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
|-
| 59 || [[Cherpulassery]] || 41,267 || 32.00 || 1,290 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 60 || [[Mukkam]] || 40,670 || 31.20 || 1,304 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 61 || [[Iritty]] || 40,369 || 45.84 || 881 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 62 || [[Valanchery]] || 40,318 || 21.90 || 1,841 || [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
|-
| 63 || [[Varkala]] || 40,048 || 15.42 || 2,597 || [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| 64 || [[Nileshwaram]] || 39,752 || 26.23 || 1,515 ||[[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]]
|-
| 65 || [[Chavakkad]] || 39,095 || 12.41 || 3,150 || [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
|-
| 66 || [[Kothamangalam]] || 38,837 || 40.04 || 970 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 67 || [[Pathanamthitta]] || 37,545 || 23.50 || 1,598 || [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|-
| 68 || [[Attingal]] || 37,382 || 16.87 || 2,216 || [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
| 69 || [[Paravur, Kollam|Paravur]] || 37,245 || 16.19 ||2,300 || [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| 70 || [[Ramanattukara]] || 35,937 || 11.70 || 3,072 || [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
|-
| 71 || [[Mannarkkad]] || 34,839 || 33.01 || 1,055 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 72 || [[Erattupetta]] || 34,814 || 18.29 || 1,903 || [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 73 || [[Sreekandapuram]] || 33,489 || 69 || 485 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 74 || [[Angamaly]] || 33,465 || 20.45 || 1,633 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 75 || [[Chittur-Thathamangalam]] || 32,298 || 14.71 || 2,196 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 76 || [[Kalpetta]] || 31,580 || 40.74 || 775 || [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]]
|-
| 77 || [[North Paravur]] || 31,493 || 9.02 || 3,492 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 78 || [[Haripad]] || 30,977 || 19.24 || 1,610 || [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 79 || [[Muvattupuzha]] || 30,397 || 13.18 || 2,306 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 80 || [[Kottarakara]] || 29,788 || 17.39 || 1,713 || [[Kollam district|Kollam]]
|-
| 81 || [[Kuthuparamba]] || 29,619 || 16.76 || 1,767 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 82 || [[Adoor]] || 29,165 || 20.42 || 1,428 || [[Pathanamthitta district|Pathanamthitta]]
|-
| 83 || [[Pattambi]] || 28,632 || 15.84 || 1,808 || [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
|-
| 84 || [[Anthoor]] || 28,218 || 24.12 || 1,170 || [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
|-
| 85 || [[Perumbavoor]] || 28,105 || 13.61 || 2,065 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 86 || [[Piravom]] || 27,229 || 29.36 || 927 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 87 || [[Mavelikkara]] || 26,421 || 12.65 || 2,089 || [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 88 || [[Eloor]] || 25,297 || 11.21 || 2,257 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 89 || [[Chengannur]] || 23,466 || 14.60 || 1,607 || [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
|-
| 90 || [[Vaikom]] || 23,245 || 8.73 || 2,663 || [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 91 || [[Aluva]] || 22,428 || 7.14 || 3,141 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|-
| 92 || [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] || 22,056 || 16.06 || 1,373 || [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]]
|-
| 93 || [[Koothattukulam]] || 17,523 || 23.18 || 756 || [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019|publisher=P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode|year=2018|location=Kozhikode|last=Chandran |first=VP|edition=Malayalam}}
{{refend}}

{{Cities of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cities and towns in Kerala}}
[[Category:Lists of cities in Kerala| Cities]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kerala| ]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in India by state or union territory|Kerala]]

Śukasaptati

2025-12-31T00:10:15Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new details - done

{{Short description|Historical Indian collection of stories}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Śukasaptati (Tales of a Parrot)
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Fables]]
| author = Cintāmaṇi Bhaṭṭa(?)
| language = [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]
| release_date = 12th century CE
| country = India
}}
[[File:Śukasaptati.jpg|thumb|Prabhāvatī and the Parrot]]
'''Śukasaptati''', or ''Seventy tales of the parrot'', is a collection of stories originally written in [[Sanskrit]]. The stories are supposed to be narrated to a woman by her pet [[parrot]], at the rate of one story every night, in order to dissuade her from going out to meet her paramour when her husband is away.
The stories frequently deal with illicit liaisons, the problems that flow from them and the way to escape those crises by using one's wits. Though the actual purpose of the parrot is to prevent its mistress from leaving, it does so without moralising. At the end of the seventy days, the woman's husband returns from his trip abroad and all is forgiven. Most of the stories are ribald and uninhibited, with some verging on the pornographic. The situations depicted in the stories not only test the bounds of marriage, some stray into taboo areas of incest and, in one case, zoophilia.

The collection is part of the [[Katha (storytelling format)|Katha]] tradition of Sanskrit literature. Some of the tales are actually repeated from earlier well-known collections in Sanskrit literature. In the tradition of Sanskrit literature, the tales are frequently interspersed with verse, many original, some repeated from earlier works. Though it is not known when it was originally written, current scholarship accepts that the collection was in its current form by the 12th century CE, though currently the oldest known manuscript dates back to the 15th century CE. The collection has been translated to many languages, including [[Persian language|Persian]] in the 14th century, and in Malay, [[Hikayat Bayan Budiman]], by a certain Kadi Hassan in 773 AH (1371 AD). It was last translated to English in 2000 CE.

==Structure==
The collection, following the [[story within a story]] format<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1
| no-pp = true
| page = xiii }}</ref> to maintain continuity, actually contains 72 stories, of which one story acts as the main narrative. The remaining 71 stories are narrated by the parrot.

The main story is that of Madana Vinoda, the wayward son of a merchant, and his wife Prabhāvatī. The merchant's [[Brahmin]] friend tries to bring Madana to the path of righteousness by giving him a pet talking parrot. This attempt is successful as the parrot narrates a story that brings Madana to the path of duty. Having learnt his lesson, he sets off on a voyage, presumably on a business venture, leaving his wife alone.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 1–6
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

Prabhāvatī, though initially dejected by her husband's departure, soon falls into the company of wanton women who suggest that she take on a lover. She agrees, and every night for the next seventy nights, she gets ready to meet him. But she is thwarted in her attempt every single night by the parrot, which adopts the stratagem of telling her a story. The parrot typically expresses approval of its mistress' intention by agreeing that the goal of life was to seek pleasure and acknowledges the strength of sexual desire. Then it excites her interest by asking whether she had the wits to escape if any troublesome situation were to arise, as the protagonist of her next story had. Prabhāvatī naturally wants to know the details of the story and the parrot proceeds to narrate it. At the end of the story, Prabhāvatī decides not to go for her rendezvous that night.

On the seventieth night, Madana returns and Prabhāvatī has learnt the errors of her ways. Prompted by the parrot, she makes a full confession to her husband, thanking the parrot for keeping her from physical infidelity. The parrot's seventieth story is in fact a plea for forgiveness on the grounds that Prabhāvatī was not fully responsible for her fault, having been led astray by bad company.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 219–227
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

==Stories==

The typical story involves a wife being surprised by her husband while she is in the act of committing [[adultery]]. She has to use her wits to get out of her predicament, which she always does.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1
| no-pp = true
| page = xiv }}</ref> In one story, she has to pass between the legs of a [[Yaksha]], a feat impossible to achieve unless one has told the truth. The wife manages it by having her lover dress up as a lunatic and grab her — as a result, she is able to truthfully swear that no one except her husband and the lunatic has ever touched her in her life.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 63–66
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

Frequently the stories test the limits of [[taboo]]. In one case, the wife introduces her lover as a cousin to enable his entry into the house. When the lover refuses to have sex with her on the ground that he is now her brother, she threatens to accuse him of [[rape]] and gains his acquiescence.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 51–57
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref> In another story, the wife has both father and son as lovers, and she has to deal with the problem of what to do when her husband stumbles upon the scene.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 102–103
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

The stories are often blunt, verging on [[pornography]]. In one case, the [[cuckold]]ed husband has managed to grab his rival's [[penis]] while the lover was having sex with the wife literally behind the husband's back. The wife then has the unenviable task of devising a way to extricate her lover.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 104–106
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref> The cuckolds are generally unaware of the situation though some times they are portrayed as simpleminded, and the wives often take advantage of their ignorance and superstitious nature. However, in one case, the husband, a king, is impressed by the lover's wit and lets his wife go with him, reasoning that while poets like the lover are rare, women like his wife are not.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 180–185
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

The less typical story involves men being in similar situations, though in this case the trouble still comes in the form of the woman's husband rather than the man's wife. Other common stories revolve around men using the threat of embarrassment to regain gifts they showered on their lovers, often harlots.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 119–120
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref> Dalliances involving unmarried women having illicit sex are very rare — with the obvious exception of prostitutes.

One story manages to simultaneously stray into zoophilia and poke fun at a divinity. It involves a woman who has promised to kiss the idol of [[Ganapati]] if she achieves a particular (wholly legitimate) goal. The mischievous idol grabs her lips and wouldn't let go. The husband has to make the idol laugh by simulating sex with a donkey to rescue his wife.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 186–187
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

The stories form an "absorbing social document" of those times. It portrays a society where women's sexuality is openly accepted and [[prostitute]]s are accepted as a semi-legitimate part of society. In one story, a father engages a procuress to teach his son the art of safeguarding his wealth from the guiles of courtesans.

Not all stories involve sexual escapades. Some deal with other tricky situations that one can encounter in life and of them some have been lifted straight from the ''[[Panchatantra]]''.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1
| page = xv }}</ref>

==Verses==
As with many Sanskrit texts, there are verses interspersed with prose that form part of the narrative.

Some are erotic:<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = 183–184
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>
{{cquote|''The best of the lover's couches''<BR/>
''is higher on the sides'' <BR/>
''sunken at the centre''<BR/>
''it will also bear the strong''<BR/>
''poundings of a couple's passion''

''The middling bed is flat of surface''<BR/>
''so that the night will often pass''<BR/>
''with rarely any contact''<BR/>
''between the bodies two.''

''The worst is raised at the centre,''<BR/>
''and both its sides slope down;''<BR/>
''even adepts in the art cannot'' <BR/>
''make love on it continuously''<BR/>}}
And some describe profound wisdom:<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1
| page = 131 }}</ref>
{{cquote|''The rich man is wise,''<BR/>
''he is generous and good,''<BR/>
''the honoured kin of everyone;''<BR/>
''but when his money goes,''<BR/>
''so does his glory.''<BR/>}}

In some cases the verses are part of the story and actually act as part of the conversation between the characters. In others, they are merely regurgitations of earlier works such as the [[Hitopadesha]], the Panchatantra, and even the [[Puranas]].

==History==
Though the collection's oldest known manuscript dates back only to the 15th century, there are references to it in other works much earlier. Current scholarship dates the book in its current form to the 12th century, though the individual stories in it are much older and are often found in the [[Jataka tales]] and in the [[Kathasaritsagara]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Haksar
| first = Aditya Narayan Dhairyasheel
| title = Shuka Saptati — Seventy tales of the Parrot
| publisher = HarperCollins India
| date = 2000
| location = India
| pages = i-xx
| isbn = 81-7223-370-1 }}</ref>

The Sanskrit ''Śukasaptati'' has a more complex textual history than is often recognized. Richard Schmidt identified three recensions: two major forms, the ''textus simplicior'' and ''textus ornatior'', each represented by several manuscripts, and a minor ''textus elegantior'', attested only by a single incomplete witness whose diction and grammar fall between the other two. Schmidt edited all three,<ref>Schmidt, Richard (1893). ''Die Çukasaptati. Textus simplicior.'' Leipzig: Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Band X, No. 1.</ref><ref>Schmidt, Richard (1900). “Der ''Textus simplicior'' der ''Sukasaptati'' in der Recension der Handschrift A.” ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' 54: 515–547.</ref><ref>Schmidt, Richard (1901a). “Der ''Textus simplicior'' der ''Sukasaptati'' in der Recension der Handschrift A.” ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' 55: 1–44.</ref><ref>Schmidt, Richard (1901b). ''Der Textus ornatior der Çukasaptati.'' München: Verlag der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</ref> and he translated the two major ones into German.<ref>Schmidt, Richard (1894). ''Die Çukasaptati (textus simplicior).'' Kiel: C. F. Haeseler.</ref><ref>Schmidt, Richard (1896). ''Der Textus ornatior der Çukasaptati: Ein Beitrag zur Märchenkunde.'' Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> The Indian printed edition<ref>Rāmakānta Tripāṭhī (ed.) (1966). ''Śukasaptatiḥ: ‘Vinodinī’ saṃskṛta–hindī vyākhyopetā.'' Haridas Sanskrit Series No. 269. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office.</ref> prints the ''simplicior'' text—without saying so—and serves as the basis for the best-known English translation.<ref>Haksar, A. N. D. (2000). ''Shuka Saptati: Seventy Tales of the Parrot.'' New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers.</ref>

Authorship is uncertain. No surviving ''simplicior'' or ''elegantior'' colophon names an author, and extant ''ornatior'' manuscripts likewise lack such evidence. An ''ornatior'' copy once owned by Prof. E. Hultzsch of Halle and now of unknown whereabouts reportedly bore the colophon “śrīcintāmaṇibhaṭṭāṇāṃ śukasaptatiḥ samāptā,” mentioned only by Hertel<ref>Hertel, Johannes (1914). ''Das Pañcatantra: Seine Geschichte und seine Verbreitung.'' Leipzig–Berlin: B. G. Teubner, pp. 234–249, esp. p. 242.</ref> and never independently verified. Csaba Töttössy later supported this attribution through an internal argument linking a story in the work about a wish-fulfilling jewel (''cintāmaṇi'') to the author’s creative method.<ref>Töttössy, Csaba (1962). ''A Sukasaptati és az ind társadalom.'' Candidate thesis. Budapest: MTA. [https://real-d.mtak.hu/1582/](https://real-d.mtak.hu/1582/)</ref><ref>Töttössy, Csaba (1976). “The 16th Story of the ''Textus Ornatior'' of the ''Śukasaptati''.” ''Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae'' 24: 285–296.</ref><ref>Harmatta, János (1963). “A Śukasaptati történetéhez.” ''Antik Tanulmányok – Studia Antiqua'' 10: 239–247.</ref> Most modern scholars,<ref>Gostishchev, Viliam (2021). “Les soixante-dix contes du perroquet.” ''ὁ λύχνος'' n° 159 (juillet 2021). [https://ch.hypotheses.org/4370](https://ch.hypotheses.org/4370).</ref> following Hertel and Töttössy, accept this otherwise unknown Cintāmaṇi Bhaṭṭa as the author of the ''ornatior'', but not of the ''simplicior''.

Chronology remains debated. The ''simplicior'' and ''ornatior'' (and ''elegantior'') appear to be parallel developments from an unknown common source rather than direct descendants of one another. Töttössy placed this archetype in the early ninth century on sociopolitical grounds and argued that the ''ornatior'', itself a contaminated hybrid, best preserves its character.<ref>Töttössy 1962; Töttössy 1976; Harmatta 1963.</ref> Earlier claims that the ''simplicior'' is either the original or an inept abridgment of the ''ornatior'' lack firm textual support.

==Translations==

There have been many translations of the work into both Indian and non-Indian languages. In the 14th century, Persian scholar [[Nakhshabi]] translated it as [[Tutinama]]. This in turn was translated into Turkish and formed the basis for the German translation, which was the first one into a Western language.

The German translation, "Der textus ornatior der Çukasaptati", translated by Richard Schmidt was published in the year 1896 in [[Stuttgart]] by W Kohlhammer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/dertextusornatio00schmuoft |title=Der textus ornatior der Çukasaptati; |publisher=Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer |year=1896 |location=Stuttgart}}</ref>

It has been translated into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[poem|poetic form]] by Palavekari Kadiripati. [[Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons]] published the work in 1935 and 1951.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kadiripati |first1=Palavekari |title=Sukasaptati |date=1951 |publisher=Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons |location=Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.386754/mode/2up |access-date=21 June 2020 |language=te}}</ref> It was published by Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi in 1979 under the editorship of B. Ramaraju.<ref>{{cite book |title=Sukasaptati |date=1979 |publisher=Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi |location=Hyderabad |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.392561/mode/2up |access-date=21 June 2020 |language=te}}</ref>

A Malayalam translation is available for the work, named as Thatha Paranja Kathakal{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}

In 2000, [[HarperCollins]] India published a translation from the original Sanskrit done by Indian diplomat-scholar [[A N D Haksar]].<ref>{{ISBN|978-8129115164}}.</ref> The book claims that this was the first rendition into English that made use of the original Sanskrit, as against the Persian translation.

==See also==
*[[Tutinama]]
*[https://archive.org/details/cu31924022986115 1911 copy of the work on Archive.org]

==References==
{{reflist }}

{{Panchatantra}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sukasaptati}}
[[Category:12th-century Sanskrit literature]]
[[Category:Indian folklore]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Indian fairy tales]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian short story collections]]
[[Category:Fantasy anthologies]]
[[Category:Collections of fairy tales]]
[[Category:Indian legends]]
[[Category:Erotic short story collections]]
[[Category:Erotic literature]]
[[Category:Sexuality in India]]
[[Category:Panchatantra]]

Stree (1968 film)

2025-12-29T03:39:49Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: updated details

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Stree
| image = Stree oriya film.jpg
| caption = Audio artwork
| director = Siddhartha ([[Gour Prasad Ghose]], [[Parbati Ghose]], & Ram Chandra Thakur)
| writer = [[Shrabani]] ([[Parbati Ghose]])
| starring = [[Gour Prasad Ghose]]<br/> [[Parbati Ghose]]<br/> [[Leela Dulali]]
| producer = [[Parbati Ghose]]
| music = [[Bhubaneswar Misra]]
| cinematography = [[Shanti Dutt]]
| editing = [[Ramesh Joshi]]
| released = {{film date|df=y|1968|5|17}}
| country = [[India]]
| runtime = 158 min
| language = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| budget = INR 1,87,000
}}

'''Stree''' is a 1968 [[Odia film]] directed by "Siddhartha", which is a pseudonym for [[Gour Prasad Ghose]], [[Parbati Ghose]], and Ram Chandra Thakur.<ref>{{ cite web |url=https://www.gourparbati.com/filmography.php|title=GourParbati|publisher=GPGenterprise.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gour Prasad Ghose & Parbati Ghose |url=https://www.gourparbati.com/ |website=www.gourparbati.com |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601153134/https://www.gourparbati.com/ |archive-date=1 June 2023 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book |author= Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen |title='''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema''' (p-101)|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge, United Kingdom|isbn=978-1135943257}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |url=http://oriya.incredibleorissa.com/movie/stree/|title=Stree|date=19 January 2013 |publisher=IncredibleOrissa}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.orissabarta.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8605:-odia-films-list-from-the-year-1936-2010&catid=44:tourism&Itemid=87|title=ODIA FILMS LIST FROM THE YEAR 1936 - 2010|publisher=ORISSABARTA.COM}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.orissacinema.com/history/list_of_oriya_films.html|title=A List of Oriya Films|publisher=Orissacinema.com}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
One day Anuaradha and her brother, a medical doctor, find a young man, Debabrata, unconsciousness in the tides by the sea shore and bring him home. With treatment by her brother and her care, Debabrata gets well. Anuradha and Debabrata fall in love. Her brother, Prasanna, gets them married and sees off the couple to Debarata's home. Upo arriving Anuradha discovers Debabrata is actually a widower and has a son. She feels betrayed but as a devoted loving wife overcomes the feeling and gets along with all of Debabrata's family members in the big house. Gradually she gets close to Debrabrata too and takes care of his son as her own. Debabrata's sister Bhanu can't accept Anuradha and creates misunderstanding between wife and husband. At last biased Debabrata leaves the house with his son leaving his wife Anuradha behind. But Anuradha doesn't lose hope. With her determination, sacrifice and devotion, they reunite in the end.

==Cast==
* [[Gour Prasad Ghose]] - Debabrata
* [[Parbati Ghose]] - Anuradha<ref name=odt>{{cite news|title=Parbati Ghose: The actor who dazzled on and off camera in Odisha film industry |url=http://odishasuntimes.com/parbati-ghose-the-actor-who-dazzled-on-and-off-camera-in-odisha-film-industry/ |work=[[Odisha Sun Times]] |date=2018-02-12 |access-date=2018-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307135557/http://odishasuntimes.com/parbati-ghose-the-actor-who-dazzled-on-and-off-camera-in-odisha-film-industry/ |archive-date=2018-03-07 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
* [[Jadunath Das Mahapatra]]
* [[Anima Pedini]] - Mother
* [[Leela Dulali]] - Bhanu
* [[Dinabandhu Das]]
* [[Shyamalendu Bhatacharjee]]
* [[Sujata Anand]]
* [[Sekhar Bose]]
* [[Gokulananda Parida]]
* [[Kunjanada Sahu]]
* [[Swarup Nayak]]

==Soundtrack==
The music for the film is composed by [[Bhubanseswar Misra]].
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Song
! Lyrics
! Singer(s)

|-
|"Sanja Sakale Tuma Chhabi Khoje" || [[Narayan Prasad Singh]] ||[[Nirmala Mishra]]
|-
|"Jhumi Jhumi Aase Aakhi" || [[Narayan Prasad Singh]] ||[[Sujata Mukherjee]], [[Akshaya Mohanty]]
|-
|"Mo Aakhira Kete Katha Mo Manara Nirabata"|| [[Sarada Naik]] ||[[Sandhya Mukherjee]],
|-
|"Tuma Bina Ei Raati Bhala Lagen" || [[Narayan Prasad Singh]]||[[Nirmala Mishra]], [[Pranab Patnaik]]
|-
|"Tume Jyadi Saathi Mora Nia Mote Bhulai"||[[Narayan Prasad Singh]] ||[[Nirmala Mishra]]
|-
|"Kali Juga Krushna Muhin Tu Mo Heroine"||Swaroop Naik ||[[Akshaya Mohanty]]
|-
|"Biti Jae Re"|| ||
|-
|"Ganga Je Deshe"|| ||
|-
|}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://odiamusic.com/Category/CategoryResult.php?first=3&second=Stree|title=Film : Stree|publisher=OdiaMusic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://petlinks.blogspot.in/2005/07/old-oriya-film-songs-odia-katha-chitra.html|title=ODIA KATHACHITRA GEETA|date=July 2005 |publisher=Petlinks}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.odiamoviedatabase.com/year-1968/|title=Film:Stree|publisher=Odia Movie Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37fXcTKzPeg|title=Akshaya Mohanty & Sujata Mukherjee sings 'Jhumi Jhumi Ase Akhi..' in Odia Movie 'Stree'(1968) |publisher=odia melody}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9QG-I2ZdR4|title=Akshaya Mohanty sings 'Kali Yuga Krushna..' in Odia Movie 'Stree'(1968) |publisher=odia melody}}</ref>

==Trivia==
The film's director, music composer and heroine have [[pseudonym]] names.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Role
! Pseudonym
! Real name
|-
|Director || Siddharth ||(Ram Chandra Thakur, Gour Prasad Ghose & Parbati Ghose)
|-
|Music composer || Srikumar || [[Bhubneswar Misra]]
|-
|Actress || Chandana || [[Parbati Ghose]]
|}<ref>{{ cite book |author= Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen |title='''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema''' (p-227)|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Routledge, United Kingdom|isbn=978-1135943257}}</ref>

==Box office==
The film was made on a budget of INR 1,87,000.00.<ref>{{ cite book|author=Orissa (India). Finance Dept |title='''Budget of the Government of Orissa, Volumes 4-5''' (p-111)|publisher= [[Government of Orissa]], 1974}}</ref> The film was declared as a box office hit.<ref>{{ cite book |title='''Cuttack Review of Literature, Criticiscm & Ideas''' (p-174)|publisher=S. Patnaik, 1982}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[National Film Awards]] 1968
** President's silver medal for Best [[Odia language|Odia]] film.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tad Bentley Hammer|author-link=Tad Bentley Hammer|title='''International film prizes: an encyclopedia Volume 1333 of Garland reference library of the humanities''' (p-227)|year=1991|publisher=Garland, 1991|isbn=0824070992|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalfil00hamm}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book |title='''Cultural Forum, Volume 12''' (p-169)|publisher=the University of California, 1969}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book|author=Rajendra Ojha |title='''National film award winners: 1953-1997''' (p-126)|publisher=Screen World Publication, 1998}}</ref><ref name="National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968">{{cite news|last1=Times of India|first1=Entertainment|title=National Awards Winners 1968: Complete list of winners of National Awards 1968|work=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/1968/108|accessdate=11 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511142357/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-awards/national-awards-winners/2005/108|archivedate=11 May 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|1411789}}

[[Category:1968 films]]
[[Category:1960s Odia-language films]]
[[Category:1968 Indian films]]

Chumar

2025-11-25T05:45:42Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chumar
| native_name = ཆུ་མུར་
| native_name_lang = bo
| other_name = Chumur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_relief = y
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt = Chumar in Ladakh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|32.6693|78.5954|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of tehsils in India|Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nyoma]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Halqa Panchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 5100
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 10
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}

'''Chumar''' or '''Chumur''' ({{bo|t=ཆུ་མུར་|w=chu mur}}) is a village located in south-eastern region of [[Ladakh|Ladakh, India]] and the centre of nomadic grazing. It is in [[Rupshu]] [[Community development block|block]], south of the [[Tso Moriri]] lake, on the bank of the [[Parang River]] (or ''Pare Chu''), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet.<ref>
[http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/pdf/panchayat%20election%202017/Know_ur_PanchBLO/Leh.pdf Panchayat Data], Government of Jammu and Kashmir, 2017. Accessed on 12 October 2020.
</ref><ref>
{{harvp|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890|p=278}}: "A village in the Rupshu district, on the left bank of the Para river, which here turns south and eventually joins the Sutlej."</ref> Since 2012, China has disputed the border region situated to the south and southeast of Chumur village within the Chumur sector. However, the Chumur village itself is undisputed and remains in India.<ref name="Telegraph border"/><ref name="PTI 2012"/>

Chumar is reachable from east ([[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] and [[Demchok, Ladakh|Demchok]]), north/northwest ([[Tso Moriri]], [[Karzok]], [[Meroo, Leh|Meroo]], [[Ryul Tso|Ryul]], and [[Leh]]), and west/southwest (Kiato, [[Kaza]], [[Tabo, Himachal Pradesh|Tabo]], and [[Shimla]]) from the Meroo-Ryul-Hanle-Chumur-Karzok-Kiato road network (including the 125 km long [[Kiato-Karzok Road]] from [[Lahaul_and_Spiti_district#Physical|Spiti Valley]] via [[Takling La]] Tunnel).<ref name=kart1>{{Cite web |title=Kyato-Korzok road will connect Himachal to Ladakh, army will have easy access to China border |website=Amar Ujala |date=2025-04-21 |accessdate=2025-04-22 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/kyato-korzok-road-will-connect-himachal-to-ladakh-army-will-have-easy-access-to-china-border-2025-04-21?pageId=1}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Chumar-sector-US-Army-map-1954.png|thumb|left|275px|Map 1: Tibet–Ladakh border near Chumar during the British Raj (map by [[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954)]]
[[File:Chumar-sector-map-by-Frederic-Drew-1874.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Map 2: Kashmir geologist [[Frederic Drew]]'s border in 1874]]

Chumar is along the course of [[Pare Chu]] river, close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. The Pare Chu river originates in India's [[Himachal Pradesh]], flows through Ladakh, and turns southeast near Chumar to flow into what the British called the 'Tsotso district' (now [[Tsosib Sumkyil Township]]) in Tibet's [[Tsamda County]]. After about 80 miles, Pare Chu reenters Himachal Pradesh again to join the [[Spiti River]].<ref>
{{citation |title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |year=1890 |page=654}}
</ref>

The Chumar settlement itself is in a side valley of Pare Chu, on the bank of a stream, called Chumur Tokpo that flows down from '''Mount Shinowu'''. ({{coord|32.7087|78.7273|name=Mount Shinowu}}).{{efn|Mount Shinowu ({{zh|c=斯诺乌山|p=Sī nuò wū shān}}) is a Chinese name of the peak. On Tibetan maps, the name is written as "Seru'Ur Ri" or "Zeru'Uri". British Indian maps do not give it a name but mark it as a peak of {{convert|21030|ft}} elevation.}} There is also a historic gompa (Buddhist temple) near the village and a Chumur monastery further upstream.{{sfnp|Koshal, Ploughshares of Gods|2001|p=211}} Along the course of Pare Chu and its tributary streams are numerous pastures and campgrounds utilised by the pastoral nomads of Rupshu. Some of them close to Pare Chu are listed as Sarlale, Takdible, Nirale, Tible, Lemarle and Chepzile.

The Chepzile campground is near a small hamlet called [[Chepzi]] which boasts some farmlands. Two tributaries join Pare Chu near the hamlet: Chepzilung (or Chepzi stream) from the west and Tegopagna (also called Kyumsalung Panglung){{efn|Kyumsalung Panglung is marked on the survey map (Map 1). Frederic Drew called it just Panglung (Map 2). The current Chinese name {{zh|c=倒帮那|p=Dào bāng nà}} is similar to the original name Tegopagna.}} stream from the east. Chepzilung originates below the [[Mount Gya|Gya Peak]], a key point on the border between [[Spiti Valley|Spiti]] (Himachal Pradesh) and Tibet.<ref>
A. K. Singh, Yousuf Zaheer, [https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/55/12/the-continuing-story-of-gya/ The Continuing Story of Gya], The Himalayan Journal, Vol. 55, 199.
</ref>
According to the map drawn by [[Frederic Drew]], who worked as a geologist in the administration of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], these two tributaries were border rivers of Ladakh. The notes to the map he provided state that the subjects of Jammu and Kashmir [[grazing|grazed]] their cattle in the pasturelands up to the boundary, while the subjects of Tibet did likewise on their side.{{sfnp|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875|p=496}}{{sfnp|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2|1962|pp=12–13}} (Map 2)

=== Indian boundary definition ===
[[File:Chumar-Chepzi-claim-lines-LSIB.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Map 3: Chinese and Indian claim lines in the Chumar Sector in 2012<ref>
[https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/stanford-jd523yw3613 Large Scale International Boundaries (LSIB), Europe and Asia, 2012], EarthWorks, Stanford University, retrieved and annotated 11 October 2020.
</ref>]]

By the time of Indian independence in 1947, the Indian administration appears to have conceded part of the valley of Chepzilung to the Tibetans.{{efn|See the map by the US [[Army Map Service]] (AMS), which is based on the Survey of India maps from 1945.}} When independent India defined its boundaries in 1954, it also withdrew from the Tegopagna river to the east of Chepzi, and set the watershed ridge between Chumur Tokpo and Tegopagna as its boundary. On the Pare Chu river itself, the Indian-defined border is five miles south of Chumar, and roughly two miles north of Chepzi.<ref>
{{harvp|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 1|1962}}: "Thereafter [the boundary] turns westward and crosses the Pare river about five miles south of Chumar to reach Gya Peak ([Lat. and Long.] {{coord|32|32|N|78|24|E|name=India's declared border point}})."
</ref> This allows the Tibetan graziers unrestricted access to both the tributary rivers of Pare Chu at Chepzi.

The combined effect of these decisions gave the appearance of a "bulge" in Indian territory near the Pare Chu river. The Indian government justified it on the grounds that the Ladakh's inhabitants had traditionally used the grazing lands along Pare Chu right up to Chepzi.<ref>
{{harvp|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2|1962|p=12}}: "Similarly,
the inhabitants of Hanle and Rupshu ''Ilaqas'' have always been using the pastures lying south of Chumar up to the Chepzelung and Kumsanglung [Tegopagna] streams on either side of the Pare River."
</ref>

The people of Chumar claim to have continued to use the farmland and grazing grounds at Chepzi until the recent past.
They say that their access to these lands has been blocked by the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] in recent years.<ref>
{{cite news |title=Uneasy frontier robs Ladakh's herders of pastures |first=Peerzada |last=Ashiq |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 June 2020 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uneasy-frontier-robs-ladakhs-herders-of-pastures/article31734212.ece }}
</ref><ref name=VICE>
Stanzin Dasal, [https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-china-is-quietly-moving-its-borders-into-india/ How China Is Quietly Moving its Borders into India], VICE News, 3 August 2020.
</ref>
The local nobility family of Rupshu continues to own the farmland and a palace at Chepzi.<ref name=Federal>
Safeena Wani, [https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/a-ladakhi-royal-family-fighting-chinese-land-grab-since-1980s https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/a-ladakhi-royal-family-fighting-chinese-land-grab-since-1980s/ A Ladakhi royal family fighting Chinese land grab since 1980s], The Federal, 3 July 2020.
</ref>
The Indian Army has said that the Chepzi grazing grounds were "beyond the Indian borders."<ref name=Chabiji>
{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chabiji-area-beyond-indian-borders-army/article31746633.ece |title=Chabiji area beyond Indian borders: Army |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 June 2020}}
</ref>
But the locals are adamant that the Army does not understand their traditional grazing systems.<ref>
[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/locals-demand-restoration-of-mobile-services-to-ease-war-fear/articleshow/76202707.cms Locals in Ladakh demand restoration of mobile services to ease war fear], The Economic Times, 5 June 2020.
</ref>

=== Chinese claims ===
In the 1960 boundary talks with India, China claimed a boundary north of the Indian claim line. However it was still south of the general ridge line running across the Pare Chu valley.
{{quote|[The border] then follows the mountain ridge southwards... south of the Hanle River up to Mount Shinowu (approximately {{coord|32|43|N|78|45|E}}). It then runs westwards and crosses the Pare River at its junction with a small stream (approximately {{coord|32|37|N|78|37|E|name=China's declared border point}}) to reach the tri-junction of China's Ari [Ngari] district and India's Punjab [now Himachal Pradesh] and Ladakh (approximately {{coord|32|31|N|78|24|E|name=China's declared border point}}).{{sfnp|Report of the Officials, Chinese Report, Part 1|1962|p=5}}}}
This border definition not only had the effect of cutting the bulge claimed by India (which followed the natural ridge lines), but it also gave rise to a second disputed area near Mount Shinowu, the source of Chumur Tokpa stream, cutting across the valley of the stream.

By 2012, China was claiming a boundary further north, representing a "bulge" of its own territory, overriding and going beyond its own claim of 1960. (Map 3)

== Sino-Indian border dispute ==
{{further|Sino-Indian border dispute| Chepzi#Border incidents | l1=Chepzi border incidents}}

Chumar has been one of the most active areas on the [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) in terms of interactions between Chinese and Indian troops. Located 190 km northwest of [[Zanda County|Zanda]], it had long been an area of discomfort for the Chinese troops as, until 2014, Chumar had been one of the relatively few places along the Sino-Indian border where the Chinese had no roads near the LAC.<ref>
{{cite news |last=Kondapalli |first=Srikanth |date=6 May 2013 |title=The fallout of China's Depsang plains transgression - Rediff.com India News |newspaper=Rediff News |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/column/the-fallout-of-chinas-depsang-plains-transgression/20130506.htm |access-date=2014-04-20}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news |date=2013-07-10 |title=China defends its latest incursion into Ladakh's Chumar sector |publisher=Indian Express |agency=PTI |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/china-defends-its-latest-incursion-into-ladakhs-chumar-sector/1140119/ |access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref>

According to [[Phunchok Stobdan]], "In Chumar, China probably wants a straight border from PT (point) 4925 to PT 5318 to bring the Tible-Mane area under its control", in essence removing the bulge along the LAC at Chumar.<ref name="Telegraph 2020">{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Sujan |date=17 September 2014 |title=Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/face-off-on-border-on-eve-of-modi-xi-date/cid/316458 |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> The Chinese opened up this new front of the border dispute in Chumar in 2012, prior to that, the border here was the International Border and not the Line of Actual Control.<ref name="Telegraph border">{{Cite web |last=Datta |first=Sujan |date=17 September 2014 |title=Face-off on border on eve of Modi-Xi date |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/face-off-on-border-on-eve-of-modi-xi-date/cid/316458 |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=Telegraph India |quote=Stobdan and sources in the Indian Army agree that they are a little taken aback by the Chinese opening up a “front” in Chumar that was undisputed till about two years back. The frontier along Tible-Mane, near Jammu and Kashmir’s inter-state border with Himachal Pradesh, is recognised as the “International Boundary” and not as the “Line of Actual Control (LAC)”.}}</ref><ref name="PTI 2012">PTI, [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chinese-pitch-seven-tents-in-chumar-stand-off-continues/articleshow/43102123.cms Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar; stand off continues], The Economic Times, 22 September 2014. "In 2012, the PLA dropped some of its soldiers in this region and dismantled the makeshift storage tents of the Army and ITBP."</ref>

As part of the resolution to the [[2013 Depsang standoff]], the Indian side agreed to take down some bunkers in Chumar in return for the Chinese withdrawing from the Depsang standoff area.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-09-22 |agency=PTI |title=Indo-China stand-off worsens: Chinese pitch seven tents in Chumar |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140921/nation-current-affairs/article/chinese-pitch-seven-tents-chumar-stand-continues |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news |author=Joshi |first=Manoj |date=7 May 2013 |title=Making sense of the Depsang incursion |publisher=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/making-sense-of-the-depsang-incursion/article4689838.ece |access-date=12 October 2020}}
</ref>

A road from Chumar leads up to the LAC. Along this road near the LAC, there is an Indian post at Point 30R, or known simply as 30R. 30R gets its name from being at a sharp elevation of 30 metres as compared to its surroundings.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Sushant |date=2020-06-16 |title=Explained: Six years ago, how a standoff in Ladakh ended after discussion |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/six-years-ago-how-a-faceoff-in-ladakh-ended-after-discussion-6444735/ |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> PLA patrols often come up to 30R.<ref name=":1" /> However they are at a tactical disadvantage since vehicles cannot come up to 30R; they have even tried using horses to enter the area.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> The Chinese have tried constructing a road across 30R, including in 2014 when they claimed they had orders to build a road till Tible, but they have been stopped from doing so by India.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> During the 2014 standoff here, Chinese troops had also positioned themselves on 30R, and had even heavy machinery with them for road construction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fairclough |first=Gordon |date=2014-10-30 |title=India-China Border Standoff: High in the Mountains, Thousands of Troops Go Toe-to-Toe |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/india-china-border-standoff-high-in-the-mountains-thousands-of-troops-go-toe-to-toe-1414704602 |access-date=2020-10-12 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Chinese troops have also been reported to have removed Indian surveillance cameras from the area.<ref name=":1" /> The 2014 faceoff at Chumar, which started on 10 September, started days before the Chinese leader Xi Jinping visited India and continued even as he was in India.<ref>
{{cite news |author=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=16 September 2014 |title=China, India in border skirmish ahead of Xi visit |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-civilians-intrude-into-ladakh-area/article1-1264293.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915211512/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/chinese-civilians-intrude-into-ladakh-area/article1-1264293.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 September 2014 |access-date=2014-09-15}}
</ref> Indian media quoting army source said that nearly 1000 Chinese soldiers had entered Indian territory in the Chumur sector on the day Xi was in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-18 |title=Nearly 1,000 Chinese soldiers enter India |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/nearly-1000-chinese-soldiers-enter-india-416068.html |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

== Transport and connectivity ==
{{anchor | Transport | Connectivity }}
{{main | Tso_Moriri#Transport | l1=Transport in Chumur-Tso Moriri area }}

Chumar is connected by motorable roads to [[Ryul Tso]] nearly 50 km in the north, [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] nearly 100 km in the east, [[Tso Moriri]] nearly 60 km north, [[Meroo, Leh|Meroo]] on [[National Highway 3 (India)|NH-3]] nearly 225 km north.

{{anchor|HRCR}}
* Hanle-Royul-Chumar Road, a 91 km black-topped motorable route, traverses from [[Hanle (village)|Hanle]] in the east to Chumar in the west. This road passes by the [[Ryul Tso]] and reaches its peak elevation of 17,200 ft at [[:ceb:Salsal_La|Salsal La]], both of which are approximately 50 km north of Chumar. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) completed this project in September 2025.<ref name=hanr1>[https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/j-k-hanle-chumar-road-in-ladakh-is-now-open-to-public20250923195908 J-K: Hanle-Chumar road in Ladakh is now open to public], ANI News, 23 Sept 2025.</ref>

{{anchor|CPKH}}

* Chumar-Pooh-Kharcham-Harsil route upgrade entails the construction of following missing sections. Since, construction of these roads requires cutting through multiple mountain passes, no target completion date has been set.<ref name=nr1/>

** Chumar-Pooh Road, ~150 km long road from Chumar in Ladakh to [[Poo, Himachal Pradesh|Pooh]] (18 km from China border) in [[Himachal Pradesh]] costing Rs2,500-3,000 crore, was approved by the BRO in 2020 under the [[India–China Border Roads]] (ICBR). It will cut present 720 km distance to 150 km allowing faster movement of troops.<ref name=nr1/>
** [[Harsil#Kharcham|Karcham-Harsil Road]], another ~150 km long road which will cut the present 450 km distance to 150 km is being consturtced by the BRO.<ref name=nr1>[https://theprint.in/defence/modi-govts-infra-push-along-china-border-2-new-roads-alternate-route-to-daulat-beg-oldie/502013/ Modi govt's infra push along China border — 2 new roads, alternate route to Daulat Beg Oldie], The Print, 15 September 2020.</ref>

In early 2025, high-speed public 4G/5G mobile and internet connectivity was made available by India.<ref name=contt1>[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/india/troops-in-ladakh-get-4g-5g-connectivity-at-high-altitude-posts-even-up-to-siachen-glacier/articleshow/120434416.cms
लद्दाख में सैनिकों को ऊंचाई वाली चौकियों पर मिली 4जी/5जी कनेक्टिविटी, सियाचिन ग्लेशियर तक सिग्नल], navbharattimes, 19 Apr 2025.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Parang River]]
* [[List of disputed territories of India]]
* [[Line of Actual Control]]
* [[Demchok sector]]
* [[2013 Depsang standoff]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |editor=India, Ministry of External Affairs |title=Report of the Officials of the Governments of India and the People's Republic of China on the Boundary Question |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP4ruQEACAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Government of India Press}}
** Indian Report: {{citation |title=Part 1 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_1.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 1|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 2 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_2.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 2|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 3 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_3.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 3|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 4 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/OR_Part_4.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Indian Report, Part 4|1962}}}}
** Chinese report: {{citation |title=Part 1 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/ORC_01-32_Part1.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Chinese Report, Part 1|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 2 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/ORC_01-32_Part2.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Chinese Report, Part 2|1962}}}}; {{citation |title=Part 3 |url=http://www.archieve.claudearpi.net/maintenance/uploaded_pics/ORC_01-32_Part3.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Report of the Officials, Chinese Report, Part 3|1962}}}};
* {{citation |title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256/page/n7 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |year=1890 |ref={{sfnref|Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak|1890}}}}
* {{citation |last=Cunningham |first=Alexander |title=Ladak: Physical, Statistical, Historical |publisher=Wm. H. Allen and Co |location=London |year=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladakphysicalsta00cunnrich |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Cunningham, Ladak|1854}}}}
* {{citation |last=Drew |first=Frederic |title=The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account |url=https://archive.org/details/jummooandkashmi00drewgoog/page/n5 |year=1875 |publisher=E. Stanford |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875}}}}
* {{citation |last=Koshal |first=Sanyukta |title=Ploughshares of Gods, Ladakh: Land, agriculture, and folk traditions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DZuAAAAMAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Om Publications |isbn=978-81-86867-46-4 |ref={{sfnref|Koshal, Ploughshares of Gods|2001}}}}
* {{citation |last=Strachey |first=Henry |title=Physical Geography of Western Tibet |publisher=William Clows and Sons |location=London |date=1854 |url=https://archive.org/details/physicalgeograp00stragoog |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Strachey, Physical Geography of Western Tibet|1854}}}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite news|last=Aroor|first=Shiv|author-link=Shiv Aroor|date=2013-09-05|title=Chinese Army has occupied 640 square km in three Ladakh sectors, says report|newspaper=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/chinese-army-occupied-640-square-km-three-ladakh-sectors-report-209992-2013-09-04|access-date=12 October 2020}}
* {{cite news|last=Tiwary|first=Deeptiman|date=2014-01-08|title=Chinese troops enter Ladakh every 14 days|newspaper=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Chinese-troops-enter-Ladakh-every-14-days/articleshow/28530044.cms|access-date=12 October 2020}}

==External links==
* [https://mil.sina.cn/sd/2014-10-22/detail-iawrnsfu3020531.d.html Article] about the 2014 Chumar confrontation from Sina Military

{{Ladakh}}
{{Leh district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]
[[Category:Borders of Ladakh]]

Tambaram–Villupuram Passenger

2025-11-11T17:45:37Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new details

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Orphan|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Tambaram–Viluppuram Passenger
| type = [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|Passenger]]
| locale =
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} (TBM)
| stops = 9
| end = {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}} (VM)
| distance = {{convert|134|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 3h
| frequency = Daily {{efn|Runs seven days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = No
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment = No
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities=
| stock = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|Indian}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 56059/56060
| speed = {{convert|45|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts
| map =
| map_state =
}}

'''Tambaram–Viluppuram Passenger''' is a [[Slow and fast passenger trains in India|passenger train]] of the Indian Railways, which runs between {{stnlnk|Tambaram}} and {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}}. It is currently being operated with 56059/56060 train numbers on a daily basis.<ref>[http://www.livechennai.com/detailnews.asp?catid=&newsid=13708 Changes in train services]</ref><ref>[http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=2296&did=141051898216745B50DE23D2027EBE99DA1CEE3B69DCD.web91 CHANGES IN PATTERN OF TRAIN SERVICES IN CHENNAI EGMORE - VILLUPURAM SECTION]</ref>

== Average speed and frequency ==

The 56059/Tambaram–Viluppuram Passenger runs with an average speed of 45 km/h and completes 134 km in 3h. The 56060/Viluppuram–Tambaram Passenger runs with an average speed of 42 km/h and completes 134 km in 3h 10m .

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are:

* {{stnlnk|Tambaram}}
* {{stnlnk|Chengalpattu Junction}}
* Madurantakam
* Melmaruvattur
* {{stnlnk|Tindivanam}}
* {{stnlnk|Viluppuram Junction}}

== Coach composite ==

The train has standard ICF rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 10 coaches:

* 8 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Traction==

Both trains are hauled by an [[Electric Loco Shed, Erode|Erode Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Royapuram|Royapuram Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive from [[Tambaram]] to [[Viluppuram]] and vice versa.

== See also ==

* [[Tambaram railway station]]
* [[Viluppuram Junction railway station]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/8752 56859/Tambaram Villupuram Passenger]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/8831 56860/Villupuram Tambaram Passenger]

{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tambaram-Viluppuram Passenger}}
[[Category:Transport in Chennai]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Slow and fast passenger trains in India]]
[[Category:Tambaram]]

Sher Afgan Niazi

2025-11-07T17:53:43Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: expanded content

{{more citations needed|date=February 2009}}

'''Dr. Sher Afgan Khan Niazi''' ({{langx|ur| {{Nastaliq|شیر افگن خان نیازی}} }}; died 11 October 2012) was a [[Pakistani people|Pakistani]] politician. He served as Minister of Parliamentary Affairs of [[Pakistan]].

AK Niazi or General Niazi was his real uncle.He was elected for a fourth time to [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] in 2002 as a member of [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (Parliamentarians), but later shifted his loyalty to become PPPP (Patriot) and then joined the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (Q). Sher Afgan Niazi helped [[President of Pakistan]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] to [[Pakistani state of emergency, 2007|oust, detain and then replace]] the judges of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] in 2007 and also supported Musharraf regime's [[Siege of Lal Masjid|military operation at Lal Masjid]], Islamabad. On 18 February 2008, he lost the general election to an independent candidate, Humair Hayat Khan Rokhri. On April 8, 2008 he was pelted with rotten eggs and attacked in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] by the lawyers protesting against his support for dismissing of Supreme Court judges and Lal Masjid operation. That attack was strongly protested for days in his home town.

Niazi joined [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Pervez Musharraf]]'s newly formed political party, the [[All Pakistan Muslim League]] (APML).<ref>{{cite web |date=June 2010 | url = http://breakingnews.gaeatimes.com/2010/04/04/musharraf-likely-to-formally-announce-new-party-next-week-19704/ | title = "Musharraf likely to 'formally' announce new party next week" ! | publisher = Pakistan Link | accessdate = 2010-06-24 }}</ref> However, he later resigned from the party following differences with the leadership. He was expert in constitutional affairs and had strong command over constitution of Pakistan. He completed his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|M.B.B.S]] degree from [[Nishtar Medical College]], [[Multan]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].

Niazi was famous for memorizing all the articles of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]]. His health deteriorated slowly after one of his sons died in car accident in [[Rawalpindi]], and he was diagnosed with [[liver cancer]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newspakistan.pk/2012/10/11/minister-sher-afgan-niazi-passes/|title=Former Minister Sher Afgan Niazi passes away |publisher=newspakistan.pk |date=2010-10-11 |accessdate=2012-10-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Niazi, Sher Afgan}}
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:All Pakistan Muslim League politicians]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan People's Party MNAs]]

{{PakistanPeoplesParty-MNA-stub}}

Rao (Indian surname)

2025-09-25T23:54:31Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: slightly adjust formatting further per standard format

{{pp|small=yes}}
'''Rao''' is a title and a surname native to India. It is used mostly in states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Telangana]].

== As a surname ==
Notable people with this surname or title include the following:

=== Pre-independence ===

* [[Rao Tula Ram]] (c. 1825 – 1863) - [[Rewari]] [[King]] who fought Great Battle of 1857.
* [[T. Madhava Rao]] (1829–1891) - Diwan of Travancore from 1857 to 1872.
* [[R. Raghunatha Rao]] (c. February 1831 – May 3, 1912) - Diwan of Indore from 1875 to 1888
* [[R. Venkata Rao]] - Diwan of Travancore from 1821 to 1829.
* [[Thanjavur Subha Rao|T. Subba Rao]] - Diwan of Travancore from 1830 to 1837.
* [[V. P. Madhava Rao]] - 17th Diwan of the Mysore kingdom
* [[T. Ananda Rao]] - 18th Diwan of the Mysore kingdom
* [[N. Madhava Rao]] - 23rd Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom
* [[K. Krishnaswamy Rao]] - Diwan of Travancore from 1898 to 1904
* [[T. Rama Rao (administrator)]] - Diwan of Travancore from 1887 to 1892
* [[T. Ramachandra Rao]] (1825-1879) - [[Indian Civil Service|Indian civil servant]] and first native Indian to serve as Deputy Commissioner of Police of Madras.
* [[R. Ramachandra Rao]] (1871 – 1936) - [[Indian Civil Service|Indian civil servant]] and [[mathematician]].
* [[R. Balaji Rao]] (1842–1896) - an Indian politician, [[Indian independence activist|independence activist]].
* [[Gangadharrao Deshpande]] (1871-1960) (also known as ''Lion of Karnataka'') - Indian [[activist]] and leader of [[Indian independence movement]] against [[British Raj|British rule]] from [[Belgaum]].
* [[C. Hayavadana Rao]] (1865 – 1946) - an Indian historian, museologist, anthropologist, economist and polyglot.
* [[T. Gopala Rao]] (1832 – 1886) - [[educationist]], served as the Principal of [[Government Arts College, Kumbakonam]] after [[William Archer Porter]] and first inspector of schools under British government.

=== Post-independence ===
* [[Anil C.S. Rao]], American writer and artist
* [[Anil V. Rao]], Professor of Aerospace Engineering at [[University of Florida]]
[[Raja Rao]] writer of English-language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in metaphysics
* [[A. S. Rao|Ayyagari Sambasiva Rao]] (1914–2003), an Indian scientist, founder of the Electronics Corporation of India Limited
* [[P. Adinarayana Rao|Adinarayana Rao]], Telugu film director and founder of Anjali pictures.
* [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], Telugu film actor and founder of Annapurna studios. He received Padma Bhushan for his contribution to film industry.
* [[C. R. Rao|Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao]] (1920–2023), Indian-born American mathematician and statistician
* [[C. H. Hanumantha Rao|Chennamaneni Hanumantha Rao]], Indian economist and writer
* [[C. S. Rao (writer)]], Indian writer, actor, director and producer
* [[C. S. Rao]] (1924–2004), an Indian actor, writer and director
* [[Dabeeru C. Rao]], Indian-American statistical geneticist
* [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], Telugu film director and actor.
* [[Dileep Rao]] (1973–), American actor
* [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]], Indian politician, ex-Lok Sabha member
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]], Indian actor
* [[Gnaneswara Rao (cricketer)|Gnaneswara Rao]], Indian cricketer
* [[Joginder Singh Rao]], Indian cricketer
* [[Karri Narayana Rao]], Indian lawyer, ex-member of Lok Sabha and Indian politician
* [[Kemburi Ramamohan Rao]], Indian Politician, ex-member of Lok Sabha
* [[Kimidi Kalavenkata Rao]], Indian Politician, ex-minister, ex-member of Rajya Sabha
* [[K. Keshava Rao]],member of Rajya Sabha
* [[K. R. Rao]], professor of electrical engineering at the University of Texas and co-inventor of the discrete cosine transform
* [[K. S. Rama Rao]], Telugu cinema producer
* [[Kodela Siva Prasad Rao]], speaker of Andhra Pradesh Assembly
* [[Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao]], Chief minister of [[Telangana]]
* [[Michael Rao]] (1967–), president of [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] since 2009
* [[Muttamsetti Srinivasa Rao]], Indian Politician, Ex-member of Lok Sabha and minister in [[Andhra Pradesh]] Cabinet
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] (1923 – 1996), film personality and former chief minister of united Andhra Pradesh
* [[Narla Tata Rao]], Engineer and recipient of Padma Shri award
* [[Neomi Rao]], American attorney and government official
* [[Nirmala Rao]], British academic, present VC of Asian University for Women.
* [[Pappala Chalapathirao|Pappala Chalapathi Rao]], Indian Politician
* [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] - 9th Prime Minister Of India
* [[Rajkummar Rao]], Indian film actor.
*[[Amrita Rao]], Indian film actress
* [[Panje Mangesh Rao]] (1874 – 1937) Indian writer and poet
*[[Aditi Rao Hydari]], Indian film actress
*[[Preetika Rao]], Indian television actress
* [[Ramoji Rao]], Telugu businessman, owner of Ramoji group
* [[S. V. Ranga Rao|Samarla Venkata Ranga Rao]] (1918 – 1974), Telugu film actor and recipient of [[Rashtrapati Award]] and International Award.
* [[Svetha Yallapragada Rao]] (born 1986), American singer
* [[Thummala Nageswara Rao]], Telangana minister
*[[Udupi Ramachandra Rao]] - Indian space scientist and director of ISRO
* [[V. Hanumantha Rao]], Ex-member of Rajya Sabha, Indian politician
* [[Vandana Rao]], Arjuna Awardee who represented India in 1984 and 1988 Olympics in 4 × 400 m women relay race
* [[Vangaveeti Mohana Ranga|Vangaveeti Mohana Ranga Rao]] (known as Ranga; 1947 – 1988) was an Indian National Congress politician
* [[Vanama Venkateshwara Rao]], Ex-minister in Andhra Pradesh
* [[Swami Ramdas]] (born Vittal Rao), a saint from [[Kanhangad]], Kerala
* [[Gitanjali Rao (scientist)]] – high achiever in science at [[STEM School Highlands Ranch]], [[Colorado]], US
* [[Y. S. Rao]], professor at [[IIT Bombay]]

==See also==
* [[Rao (Chinese surname)]]
* [[Rao (title)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{surname}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao surname)}}
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

2022–23 Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day Trophy

2025-09-15T06:27:48Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: info

{{Short description|Domestic cricket competition}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
|name = 2022–23 Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day Trophy
|fromdate = 12
|todate = 21 February 2023
|administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
|cricket format = [[Limited overs cricket|50-over cricket]]
|tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament]] and final
|host = {{flag|India}}
|champions = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
|count = 1
|runner up = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
|participants = 6
|matches = 16
|most runs = Priyanka Bala (271)
|most wickets = [[Ekta Bisht]] (17)
|website = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/252/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day bcci.tv]
|previous_year =
|previous_tournament =
|next_year = 2025–26
|next_tournament =2025–26 Senior Women's Inter Zonal One-Day Trophy
}}
The '''2022–23 Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day Trophy''' was the inaugural edition of the [[Senior Women's Inter Zonal One-Day Trophy]], a domestic [[Limited overs cricket|one day cricket]] competition in India. The tournament took place from 12 to 21 February 2023, with six zonal teams taking part. The tournament followed the [[2022–23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20]] in being the first tournament involving women's zonal teams in India since the [[2017–18 Senior Women's Cricket Inter Zonal Three Day Game]].<ref name="home">{{Cite web |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day |url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/252/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=BCCI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian women's domestic cricket schedule: Women's IPL in March 2023, other tournaments to finish by February 21 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/womens-cricket/ipl-women-in-march-2023-t20-challenger-in-november-indian-womens-cricket-domestic-calendar/article65856726.ece |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Sportstar|date=6 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI Domestic Calendar 2022-23: Duleep Trophy Back In Old Format, Ranji Trophy To Start In December |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/bcci-domestic-calendar-2022-23-duleep-trophy-back-in-old-format-ranji-trophy-to-start-in-december-news-215113 |date=9 August 2022 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Outlook}}</ref> The tournament was won by [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]], who beat [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]] by 9 wickets in the final.

==Competition format==
Six teams competed in the tournament, representing regions of India. Each team played each other once in a [[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]] format. The top two teams in the group progressed to the final. Matches were played using a one-day format with 50 overs per side. Matches were played across three venues in or near [[Hyderabad]]: [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]] and ECIL Ground.<ref name="home"/>

The group worked on a points system with positions within the group being based on the '''total points'''. Points were awarded as follows:

'''Win''': 4 points.<br />
'''[[Result (cricket)#Tie|Tie]]''': 2 points.<br />
'''Loss''': 0 points.<br />
'''No Result/Abandoned''': 2 points.

If points in the final table were equal, teams were separated by most wins, then head-to-head record, then [[Net Run Rate]].

==Group stage==
===Points table===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Team
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|P|Played}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|T|Tied}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|NR|No result}}
! style="width:25px;"|{{Abbr|Pts|Points}}
! style="width:40px;"|{{Abbr|[[Net run rate|NRR]]|Net run rate}}
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||0 ||'''20'''|| +1.107
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left" |[[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]] '''(Q)'''
|5 ||4 ||1 ||0 ||0 ||'''16'''|| +1.870
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
|5 ||3 ||2 ||0 ||0 ||'''12'''|| +0.362
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
|5 ||2 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||'''8'''|| +0.394
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
|5 ||1 ||4 ||0 ||0 ||'''4'''|| –0.249
|-
|style="text-align:left" |[[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
|5 ||0 ||5 ||0 ||0 ||'''0'''|| –4.470
|}

===Fixtures===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| team2 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| score1 = 189 (48.1 overs)
| runs1 = Nishu Choudhary 43 (43)
| wickets1 = Priya Mishra 3/37 (10 overs)
| score2 = 191/5 (49.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Taniya Bhatia]] 55[[not out|*]] (71)
| wickets2 = [[Poonam Yadav]] 1/15 (10 overs)
| result = North Zone won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/1 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Sundar and Durga Datta Das
| motm =
| toss = North Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
| team2 = [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
| score1 = 233 (48.1 overs)
| runs1 = Jayu Jadeja 92 (104)
| wickets1 = [[Anusha Bareddy]] 4/29 (10 overs)
| score2 = 234/5 (48.5 overs)
| runs2 = Gnanananda Divya 77 (85)
| wickets2 = Utkarsha Pawar 1/25 (5 overs)
| result = South Zone won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/2 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = K Bharathan and Gayathri Venugopalan
| motm =
| toss = West Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 12 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
| team2 = [[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
| score1 = 274/4 (50 overs)
| runs1 = Priyanka Bala 128[[not out|*]] (114)
| wickets1 = Lalhriat Puii 1/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 124 (47.2 overs)
| runs2 = Gangadevi Waikhom 44 (74)
| wickets2 = Priyanka Acharjee 3/16 (6 overs)
| result = East Zone won by 150 runs
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/3 Scorecard]
| venue = ECIL Ground, [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = Vinod Ingle and R Subramanian Iyer
| motm =
| toss = East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
| team2 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| score1 = 95 (41.2 overs)
| runs1 = Keisham Devi 27 (77)
| wickets1 = [[Amanjot Kaur]] 3/11 (6 overs)
| score2 = 96/0 (17.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Priya Punia]] 51[[not out|*]] (52)
| wickets2 =
| result = North Zone won by 10 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/4 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = R Sundar and R Subramanian Iyer
| motm =
| toss = North East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
| team2 = [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
| score1 = 252/6 (50 overs)
| runs1 = Mita Paul 112[[not out|*]] (154)
| wickets1 = [[Monica Patel]] 2/34 (5 overs)
| score2 = 251 (47.5 overs)
| runs2 = Dinesh Vrinda 83 (78)
| wickets2 = Mita Paul 4/44 (8.5 overs)
| result = East Zone won by 1 run
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/5 Scorecard]
| venue = ECIL Ground, Hyderabad
| umpires = K Bharathan and Vinod Ingle
| motm =
| toss = East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 13 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
| team2 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| score1 = 87 (37.5 overs)
| runs1 = Jayu Jadeja 33 (89)
| wickets1 = [[Ekta Bisht]] 4/5 (8.5 overs)
| score2 = 88/2 (18 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mona Meshram]] 34[[not out|*]] (34)
| wickets2 = Shraddha Pokharkar 1/21 (6 overs)
| result = Central Zone won by 8 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/6 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = Gayathri Venugopalan and Durga Datta Das
| motm =
| toss = Central Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| team2 = [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
| score1 = 247/2 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Priya Punia]] 117[[not out|*]] (150)
| wickets1 = Jaya Mohite 1/39 (6 overs)
| score2 = 195 (48.1 overs)
| runs2 = Riya Chaudhari 107 (139)
| wickets2 = Priya Mishra 5/35 (10 overs)
| result = North Zone won by 52 runs
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/7 Scorecard]
| venue = ECIL Ground, [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = Durga Datta Das and K Bharathan
| motm =
| toss = West Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
| team2 = [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
| score1 = 98 (39.5 overs)
| runs1 = Gangadevi Waikhom 39 (75)
| wickets1 = Minnu Mani 2/11 (6 overs)
| score2 = 101/1 (8.2 overs)
| runs2 = Dinesh Vrinda 42[[not out|*]] (18)
| wickets2 = Pranita Chettri 1/20 (2 overs)
| result = South Zone won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/8 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = Vinod Ingle and R Subramanian Iyer
| motm =
| toss = North East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 15 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| team2 = [[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
| score1 = 234/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = [[Mona Meshram]] 73 (86)
| wickets1 = [[Anuja Patil]] 3/47 (10 overs)
| score2 = 177 (46.4 overs)
| runs2 = Dhara Gujjar 39 (68)
| wickets2 = [[Ekta Bisht]] 4/26 (9.4 overs)
| result = Central Zone won by 57 runs
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/9 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Sundar and Gayathri Venugopalan
| motm =
| toss = East Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
| team2 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| score1 = 217 (49.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anuja Patil]] 55 (54)
| wickets1 = Parunika Sisodia 3/28 (10 overs)
| score2 = 221/6 (45.1 overs)
| runs2 = [[Amanjot Kaur]] 78[[not out|*]] (73)
| wickets2 = Priyanka Acharjee 2/35 (8 overs)
| result = North Zone won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/10 Scorecard]
| venue = ECIL Ground, [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Sundar and K Bharathan
| motm =
| toss = North Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
| team2 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| score1 = 203 (48 overs)
| runs1 = Dinesh Vrinda 67 (76)
| wickets1 = [[Swagatika Rath]] 3/38 (10 overs)
| score2 = 204/3 (37.4 overs)
| runs2 = Shilpa Sahu 77 (96)
| wickets2 = Sundaresan Anusha 1/21 (5 overs)
| result = Central Zone won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/11 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = Durga Datta Das and Gayathri Venugopalan
| motm =
| toss = South Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 17 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
| team2 = [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
| score1 = 66 (31.2 overs)
| runs1 = Gangadevi Waikhom 28 (35)
| wickets1 = Shraddha Pokharkar 3/16 (7 overs)
| score2 = 67/5 (11.3 overs)
| runs2 = Bhavana Goplani 33 (14)
| wickets2 = Leeza 2/9 (3 overs)
| result = West Zone won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/12 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Subramanian Iyer and Vinod Ingle
| motm =
| toss = North East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
| team2 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| score1 = 148 (38.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Monica Patel]] 56 (61)
| wickets1 = Sarla Devi 2/22 (4 overs)
| score2 = 149/5 (39 overs)
| runs2 = [[Taniya Bhatia]] 48[[not out|*]] (70)
| wickets2 = Sundaresan Anusha 3/30 (8 overs)
| result = North Zone won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/13 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = Durga Datta Das and R Subramanian Iyer
| motm =
| toss = North Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
| team2 = [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
| score1 = 233/8 (50 overs)
| runs1 = Dhara Gujjar 73 (99)
| wickets1 = Krutikaben Chaudhari 2/27 (10 overs)
| score2 = 212/8 (50 overs)
| runs2 = Jayu Jadeja 67 (108)
| wickets2 = Priyanka Sarkar 4/22 (7 overs)
| result = East Zone won by 21 runs
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/14 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Gymkhana Ground, Secunderabad|Gymkhana Ground]], [[Secunderabad]]
| umpires = Vinod Ingle and K Bharathan
| motm =
| toss = West Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 19 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[North East Zone women's cricket team|North East Zone]]
| team2 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| score1 = 42 (30 overs)
| runs1 = Debasmita Dutta 12[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets1 = [[Ekta Bisht]] 8/10 (10 overs)
| score2 = 43/0 (6.3 overs)
| runs2 = [[Jasia Akhtar]] 30[[not out|*]] (22)
| wickets2 =
| result = Central Zone won by 10 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/15 Scorecard]
| venue = ECIL Ground, [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = R Sundar and Gayathri Venugopalan
| motm =
| toss = North East Zone won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 21 February 2023
| time =
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
| team2 = [[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
| score1 = 123 (42 overs)
| runs1 = [[Swagatika Rath]] 20 (33)
| wickets1 = Parunika Sisodia 3/14 (7 overs)
| score2 = 124/1 (33.3 overs)
| runs2 = Neena Chaudhary 53[[not out|*]] (85)
| wickets2 = Suman Meena 1/9 (3 overs)
| result = North Zone won by 9 wickets
| report = [https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day-2022-23/match/16 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| umpires = Gayathri Venugopalan and K Bharathan
| motm =
| toss = North Zone won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----

==Statistics==
===Most runs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=150| Player
!width=125| Team
!width=60 | Matches
!width=60 | Innings
!width=60 | Runs
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | {{Tooltip|HS|Highest score}}
!width=60 | 100s
!width=60 | 50s
|-
|Priyanka Bala
|[[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
|5
|5
|'''271'''
|67.75
|128[[not out|*]]
|1
|2
|-
|[[Priya Punia]]
|[[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
|6
|6
|'''250'''
|62.50
|117[[not out|*]]
|1
|1
|-
|Jayu Jadeja
|[[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]]
|5
|5
|'''221'''
|44.20
|92
|0
|2
|-
|Dinesh Vrinda
|[[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]]
|5
|5
|'''196'''
|49.00
|83
|0
|2
|-
|Mita Paul
|[[East Zone women's cricket team|East Zone]]
|5
|5
|'''194'''
|48.50
|112[[not out|*]]
|1
|1
|-
|}
<small>Source: BCCI</small><ref name="stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/252/senior-womens-inter-zonal-one-day |title=Senior Women's Inter Zonal One Day/Stats |publisher=BCCI |access-date=22 February 2023}}</ref>

===Most wickets===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!width=150| Player
!width=150| Team
!width=60 | Overs
!width=60 | Wickets
!width=60 | Average
!width=60 | 5w
|-
|[[Ekta Bisht]]
|[[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
|55.3
|'''17'''
|7.76
|1
|-
|Parunika Sisodia
|[[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
|53.0
|'''14'''
|11.92
|0
|-
|Priya Mishra
|[[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
|47.0
|'''12'''
|15.75
|1
|-
|Komalpreet Kaur
|[[North Zone women's cricket team|North Zone]]
|44.3
|'''9'''
|16.22
|0
|-
|[[Poonam Yadav]]
|[[Central Zone women's cricket team|Central Zone]]
|53.0
|'''8'''
|20.75
|0
|}
<small>Source: BCCI</small><ref name="stats"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Women's Inter Zonal Cricket in India}}
{{Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-23 Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day}}
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2022–23|Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day]]
[[Category:2023 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Viyyur Central Prison

2025-09-06T11:08:19Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new a entry - done

{{Short description|Prison in Thrissur, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox prison
| prison_name = Central Prison, Viyyur
| image = [[File:CentralJail,Viyyur.JPG|250px]]
| caption = Entrance of Central Prison, Viyyur
| location = [[Viyyur]], [[Thrissur]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| status = Operational
| classification = Central Prison
| capacity = 520
| population = 600 average
| populationdate =
| opened = 1914
| closed =
| managed_by = [[Kerala Prisons and Correctional Services]]
| director = Sri. K. Anilkumar
| website = {{url|https://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/central-prison-viyyur.html}}
}}

'''Central Prison & Correctional Home, Viyyur''', is situated in [[Thrissur]] in [[Kerala]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[India]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_prisoners-contribute-for-5-year-old-s-heart-treatment_1283715
|title=Prisoners contribute for 5-year-old's heart treatment
|publisher=DNA
|access-date=2010-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091252700600.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921133820/http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/12/stories/2007091252700600.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2008-09-21
|title=Schools in Central Prisons soon
|access-date=2010-10-11
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2007-09-12}}</ref> and is authorised to accommodate 520 prisoners.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/images/stories/pdf/cpvyr.pdf
|title=Central Prison, Viyyur
|publisher=Kerala Government
|access-date=2010-10-11
|archive-date=25 February 2021
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225072447/http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/images/stories/pdf/cpvyr.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> It is one of the four central prisons other than [[Central Prison, Poojappura|Poojappura]], [[Central Prison, Kannur|Kannur]] and Tavanur, situated in Kerala state. It is one of the most important correctional and detention centers in the state. As per Kerala Prison Rules, the prison is meant to detain convicted habitual prisoners on a long-term basis. The prison has separate buildings designated as special jail and sub-jail meant for short-term convicts and people on trial, respectively.

==History==
[[Thrissur]] was the capital of the [[Kochi]] Kingdom for a long time hence the State Prison was located here. The original Thrissur Prison existed in front of Sri Vadakkumnathan Temple around 300 years ago. At the request of the prisoners, "Kudamattom" was conducted at the prison during the festival of [[Thrissur Pooram]] during the reign of H.H. Sakthan Thampuran, the Maharaja of Kochi.

In 1914 the temple authority requested to shift the prison and consequently it was demolished and shifted to Viyyur. Almost 1,000 acres of land from the property of H.H. Parukutty Nethyaramma Consort Queen of Kochi and Wife of Maharaja Rama Varma were handed over to establish the new prison at Viyyur. Later much of this original land went into use for other state purposes such as All-India Radio, Television, a police training facility, Fire Force center etc. After [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence]], the Government of Kerala, took over the facility and converted to a Central Prison intended to detain long term prisoners.

==Property==

The prison originally had almost 1000 acres of land; however, several state establishments were subsequently established on its premises. This reduced the land available for exclusive use by the prison to 147 acres. Out of which, the Central Jail occupies a space of 17 acres. The remaining land is used for other prison facilities and buildings.

==Central Jail==
The Central Jail is located in the center of the entire prison property, separated from the rest of the area via a circular perimeter wall almost {{convert|6|m|ft}} high, with a central watch tower at its center.
There are six blocks for confining prisoners situated as the petals of a flower pointing towards the office block. Among the blocks A, B, C and D are made for cellular confinement having 44 cells each. F and E blocks are dormitory type having four compartments and the latter is used for female prisoners as a separate enclosure. Besides the prisoners blocks, there are separate buildings such as the kitchen, stores, manufactory section, library, hospital ward, prayer hall (consists of temple, church and mosque) and outside the prison the barrack hall, staff mess, staff canteen and cattle sheds etc. are situated.

The prison has a separate library building and a well stocked library which has around 10,000 books. Majority of the books, consisting of novels, history, short stories, life stories, etc, is in [[Malayalam language]], as only a few prisoners understand English and other languages. Still there is a good collection of English, Hindi and Tamil novels too. The library is open from 9 am to 5 pm every day and also houses an open auditorium.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-15/kochi/30159850_1_reading-habit-jail-authorities-books
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106122339/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-15/kochi/30159850_1_reading-habit-jail-authorities-books
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-11-06
|title=Library of a different kind
|access-date=2011-09-15
|work=[[The Times of India]]
|date=2011-09-15}}</ref>

==Capacity==
Kerala prison rules prescribe that every prisoner in a ward shall be allowed not less than 3.72 m<sup>2</sup> of floor area and 17 m<sup>3</sup> of breathing space. Accordingly, every cell of A, B, C and D blocks can accommodate two prisoners (measurement of a single cell 4.1 m × 2.3 m × 3.10 m (height) i.e. 9.43 m<sup>2</sup> floor area and 12.53 m<sup>3</sup> breathing space) and in F & E blocks (dormitories) 100 prisoners each. This means that in total 420 male prisoners and 100 female prisoners can be housed at Central Prison, Viyyur. The average prison population is around 630 male prisoners and 30 female prisoners. This reveals that male blocks are consistently overcrowded at around 50% over the authorised capacity.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Thrissur topics}}
{{coord|display=title}}

[[Category:Prisons in Kerala]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Thrissur]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Prisons completed in the 1910s]]

Jangipur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T05:07:41Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: Starting The Bio V1

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituency in Bengal|Jangipur, West Bengal Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jangipur
| constituency_no = 376
| map_image = 376-Jangipur, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Virendra Kumar Yadav]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}

'''Jangipur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of [[Jangipur, Ghazipur|Jangipur]] in the [[Ghazipur district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].

[[Jangipur, Ghazipur|Jangipur]] is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Ghazipur Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 376 amongst 403 constituencies.

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Jangipur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/jangipur.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|Kailash Yadav
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Virendra Kumar Yadav]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Jangipur<ref name="election2022">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2022 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=4 March 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Virendra Kumar Yadav]]
|votes = {{formatnum:103125}}
|percentage = 44.75
|change = +11.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramnaresh Kushwah
|votes = {{formatnum:68062}}
|percentage = 29.53
|change = -2.25
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mukesh
|votes = {{formatnum:47857}}
|percentage = 20.77
|change = -10.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party
|candidate = Yogendra
|votes = {{formatnum:2598}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Ram Badan Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2136}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change = -0.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1169}}
|percentage = 0.51
|change = -0.01
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:35063}}
|percentage = 15.22
|change = +13.71
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:230465}}
|percentage = 61.16
|change = -0.77
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Samajwadi Party]] candidate ''Virendra Kumar Yadav'' won in [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate ''Ramesh Narayan Kushwaha'' by a margin of 3,239 votes.<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |title=State Election, 2017 to the Legislative Assembly Of Uttar Pradesh |website=eci.gov.in |accessdate=26 March 2022}}</ref>
{{Election box begin|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Jangipu<ref name="election2017"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Virendra Kumar Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:71441}}
|percentage = 33.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ram Naresh Kushwaha
|votes = {{formatnum:68202}}
|percentage = 31.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Manish Chandra Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:67223}}
|percentage = 31.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Manoj Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:2381}}
|percentage = 1.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1109}}
|percentage = 0.52
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:3239}}
|percentage = 1.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:214622}}
|percentage = 61.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|25.65|83.56|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Ghazipur district]]

Yashwantnagar

2025-07-20T05:26:07Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: new new stub - done

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yashwantnagar
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.7994759|N|73.1098806|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vikramgad]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 63
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1865
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[2011 Census of India|2011 census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 551791
| footnotes =
}}
'''Yashwantnagar''' is a village in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Vikramgad]] [[taluka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |title=Maharashtra villages |publisher=Land Records Information Systems Division, NIC |access-date=2015-08-17 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095320/http://dolr.nic.in/dolr/mpr/revenuevillagedirectorypdf/Maharashtra.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2011 census of India]], Yashwantnagar has 375 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 76.36%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/PCA%20CDB-2721-F-Census.xlsx |title=District census data |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-08-17 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 1865 || 931 || 934
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 249 || 127 || 122
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 15 || 5 || 10
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 1638 || 814 || 824
|-
| Literates || 1234 || 683 || 551
|-
| Workers (all) || 864 || 466 || 398
|-
| Main workers (total) || 743 || 416 || 327
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 300 || 146 || 154
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 273 || 142 || 131
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 28 || 20 || 8
|-
| Main workers: Other || 142 || 108 || 34
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 121 || 50 || 71
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 40 || 14 || 26
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 64 || 25 || 39
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 17 || 11 || 6
|-
| Non-workers || 1001 || 465 || 536
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikramgad taluka}}

[[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka]]

R. S. Manohar

2025-06-26T07:27:48Z

Chardhamyatrahotels: page fix

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Indian name|Manohar|Rasipuram Subramaniyan Iyer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. S. Manohar
| image = R.S.Manohar.jpg
| caption = R. S. Manohar (1951)
| birth_name = Lakshminarasimman<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/11/stories/2006011115150700.htm |title=Tamil Nadu / Chennai News : Actor R.S. Manohar dead |access-date=2012-11-17|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903181819/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/11/stories/2006011115150700.htm|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2006-01-11 |archive-date=3 September 2012}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1925|06|29}}
| birth_place = [[Rasipuram]], [[Salem District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Namakkal District]],<br/>[[Tamil Nadu]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|01|10|1925|06|29|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1951–1992
| works = [[R. S. Manohar filmography|Filmography]]
| spouse = Seethalakshmi
| children = 2
| relatives = [[Delhi Kumar]] (cousin)
}}
'''Rasipuram Subramaniyan Iyer Manohar''' (29 June 1925 – 10 January 2006) was an Indian actor who performed roles ranging from hero to villain to comedic characters. He was born at [[Namakkal]] in 1925. He acted in over 200 films.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> He is known for his versatility and dominating personality. He is also known as Nadaga Kavalar for his love of stage plays and his undeterred passion in continuing to stage mythological plays almost his entire life.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.kalyanamalaimagazine.com/Content/Thiraichuvai/Feb_1_15/Potpourri_of_titbits_about_Tamil_cinema_R_S_Manohar.html | title= Potpourri of titbits about Tamil cinema - Actor Manohar |author=Majordasan |date=1 February 2015 |access-date=6 May 2019}}</ref>

==Biography==
Rasipuram Subramaniyan Iyer Manohar was born as R. S. Lakshminarasimman on 29 June 1925 in [[Rasipuram]], present-day [[Namakkal district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. Subramaniyan Iyer and Rajalakshmi Ammal.<ref>{{cite web|author=cinesouth |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/10012006-4.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113041041/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/10012006-4.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 January 2006 |title=Dailynews - The once great villain R.S.Manohar passes away |publisher=Cinesouth.com |access-date=2012-11-17}}</ref> He got the name Manohar after playing the lead role in the school play '''Manohara'''. He graduated from [[Pachaiyappa's College]], Chennai.

According to film historian [[Randor Guy]], Manohar got a break in films with ''[[Rajambal (1951 film)|Rajambal]]'' (1951) when, as a graduate, he was employed in the Postal Department. Producer R. M. Krishnaswamy booked him for the lead role in the film. As his name was not "filmi", it was changed to R. S. Manohar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/rajambal-1951/article654523.ece|publisher=thehindu.com|title=Rajambal 1951 | date=January 3, 2009 |access-date=13 October 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140810030114/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/rajambal-1951/article654523.ece|archive-date=10 August 2014}}</ref>

While in college, Manohar frequently performed in stage plays. After graduation, he joined films. His first effort was ''Rajamabal'', produced by Aruna Films. His early memorable roles were in films such as ''Vannakkili'', ''Kaidhi Kannayiram'', ''Vallavanukku Vallavan'', ''Vallavan Oruvan'' and ''Iru Vallavargal''.

But Manohar is best remembered for the negative roles he played, especially while facing off with M. G. Ramachandran in films such as ''Ayirathil Oruvan'', ''Ulagam Suttrum Valliban'', ''Pallandu Vazhga'', ''Adimai Penn'', ''Kaavalkaaran'' and ''Idayakkani''.

Manohar is also remembered for his immense contributions to Tamil theatre. After Nawab Rajamanikkam, it was Manohar who took theatre to a higher plane. Most of the 31 plays in which he acted - altogether totaling 7,950 performances - were adaptations or interpretations of historical incidents or mythological stories.

Famous among Manohar's plays are ''Ilangeswaran'', ''Chanakkiya Sabadam'', ''Soorapadman'', ''Sisupalan'', ''Indrajith'', ''Sukrachariyar'', ''Naragasooran'' and ''Thirunavukkarasar''.

He was a pioneer in introducing 'dramascope' with stereophonic sound system, split second transformation of sets and pyrotechniques to represent battle scenes.

He received many awards for his contributions to drama and cinema, including a 'Nadaka Kavalar' award from MGR in 1970.

==Selected filmography==
{{Main|R. S. Manohar filmography}}

==Dramatist==
Manohar acted in a number of plays. Some of the famous ones are Ilangeswaran, Chanakkiya Sabadam, Soorapadman, Sisupalan, Indrajith, Sukrachariyar, Naragasooran and Thirunavukkarasar. He was also involved in the production of an English play, ''Last Tango in Heaven''. It was later released as a movie ''God Only Knows!''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dramatic moments |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2006/01/20/stories/2006012000140300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919024520/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2006/01/20/stories/2006012000140300.htm |archive-date=2011-09-19 |website=thehindubusinessline.in}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101130105807/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/01/13/stories/2006011302980300.htm Icon of Tamil theatre]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manohar, R. S.}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil people]]
[[Category:Actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]]

{{India-film-actor-1920s-stub}}