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Rajendra Singh Solanki

2026-05-06T23:42:53Z

CathernQsh: Adding bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Rajendra Singh Solanki
| image = Rajendra Singh Solanki.jpg

| office1 = Member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
| constituency1 = [[Sikandrabad Assembly constituency|Sikandrabad]]
| term_start1 = 1985
| term_end1 = 1989
| predecessor1 = Yash Pal Singh
| successor1 = [[Narendra Bhati]]

| birth_date = 1955
| birth_place = Village Laduki, [[Bulandshahr district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| party = [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (2024–present)
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1975–2024) [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2007)
| spouse = Swapna Solanki
| children = 3
| parents = Hira Singh (father)
| alma_mater = NREC College, Khurja
| occupation = Politician
}}
'''Rajendra Singh Solanki''' (born 1955) is an Indian politician from [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web
|title=Rajendra Singh Solanki - Gautam Buddha Nagar Candidate Profile
|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/lok-sabha-elections/uttar-pradesh/gautam-buddha-nagar/candidateshow/rajendra-singh-solanki-2937
|website=The Times of India
|publisher=Times Internet
|access-date=14 April 2026
}}</ref> A veteran leader formerly with the [[Indian National Congress]], he rose to prominence as a youth leader under the mentorship of [[Sanjay Gandhi]] and [[N. D. Tiwari]]. He served one term as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the [[Sikandrabad Assembly constituency|Sikandrabad]] constituency and has held several high-ranking positions within the Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee. In 2024, he joined the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] to contest the Lok Sabha elections from [[Gautam Buddha Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gautam Buddha Nagar]].<ref name="TOI2024">{{cite news |title="My Last Chance": A Month After Joining Party, RS Solanki is BSP's Candidate |url=https://indiatimes.com |access-date=12 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=25 March 2024}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Solanki was born in 1950 in village Laduki, [[Bulandshahr district]], Uttar Pradesh, to Hira Singh, a farmer. He began his leadership journey in student politics, serving as the President of the Student Union at NREC College, Khurja. He holds a post-graduate degree.

== Political career ==
=== Youth leadership ===
A founding member of the [[National Students' Union of India]] (NSUI), Solanki was appointed '''President of the Uttar Pradesh Youth Congress''' in 1976. During this period, he was regarded as a protégé of former Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and worked closely with [[Sanjay Gandhi]] and [[N. D. Tiwari]].<ref name="TOI2024" />

=== Legislative and party roles ===
Solanki was elected as the MLA for the [[Sikandrabad Assembly constituency|Sikandrabad]] constituency in 1985. Within the Congress organizational structure, minister of state under ND tiwari government.He served two terms as the Vice President of the Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee (UPCC) and held the positions of General Secretary of the UPCC and President of the Uttar Pradesh Yuvak Mangal Dal.

In 2007, Solanki briefly joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) at the behest of [[Kalyan Singh]] to contest the state assembly elections from Sikandrabad, before eventually returning to the Congress party.<ref name="TOI2024" />

=== 2024 General Elections ===
In March 2024, after nearly 50 years with the Indian National Congress, Solanki joined the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP). He contested the [[2024 Indian general election]] from the [[Gautam Buddha Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]], securing 2,51,615 votes.

== Political activism and imprisonment ==
During the late 1970s, Solanki was imprisoned multiple times in Lucknow, Dehradun, and Bareilly jails for his political activism, specifically for protesting the arrest of Indira Gandhi and participating in movements alongside Sanjay Gandhi.

== Influence ==
Solanki has been regarded as an influential leader in the Bulandshahr and Gautam Buddha Nagar regions, particularly among rural and agrarian communities.

== Electoral history ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Election
! Constituency
! Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! Opponent party
! Opponent votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
|-
| [[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Assembly
| [[Sikandrabad]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 35,195
| 49.95
| Shah Mal
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Lok Dal}};" | [[Lok Dal]]
| 17,255
| 24.49
| style="background:#d4edda;" | '''Won'''
| 17,940<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://hindi.eci.gov.in/files/file/3255-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-1985/?do=download
|title=उत्तर प्रदेश विधानसभा निर्वाचन का सांख्यिकीय डेटा, 1985
|website=भारत निर्वाचन आयोग
|publisher=Election Commission of India
|language=hi
|access-date=2026-04-23
}}</ref>
|-
| [[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Assembly
| [[Sikandrabad]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Indian National Congress}};" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| 28,383
| 28.22
| [[Narendra Bhati]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Janata Dal}};" | [[Janata Dal]]
| 43,835
| 43.59
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | '''Lost'''
| −15,452<ref name="eci1991">{{cite web
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3257-uttar-pradesh-1991/
|title=Uttar Pradesh Election Results 1991
|website=Election Commission of India
|access-date=14 April 2026
}}</ref>

|-
| [[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
| Assembly
| [[Sikandrabad]]
| style= "border-left:6px solid {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 30,630
| 21.71
| [[Ved Ram Bhati]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}};" | [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| 48,897
| 34.37
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | '''Lost'''
| −18,267 <ref name="pk2017">{{cite web
|url=https://m.up.punjabkesari.in/election-2017/news/sikandrabad-assembly-constituency-up-election-2017-563312
|title=Sikandrabad Assembly Election Result 2017
|website=Punjab Kesari
|access-date=14 April 2026
}}</ref>
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| Lok Sabha
| [[Gautam Buddh Nagar Lok Sabha constituency|Gautam Buddh Nagar]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}};" | [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]
| 251,615
| 17.51
| [[Dr. Mahesh Sharma]]
| style="border-left:6px solid {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}};" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| 857,829
| 59.69
| style="background:#f8d7da;" | '''Lost'''<ref name="it2024"/>
| −606,214 <ref name="it2024">{{cite web
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/gautam-b.-nagar-constituency-result-24513
|title=Gautam Buddh Nagar Election Result 2024
|website=India Today
|access-date=14 April 2026
}}</ref>
|}

== Personal life ==
He is married to Swapna Solanki; the couple has three children. He resides in Defence Colony, New Delhi.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Bulandshahr]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Bahujan Samaj Party politicians]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1985–1989]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1989–1991]]

List of songs recorded by Amit Kumar

2026-05-06T05:44:42Z

CathernQsh: Made New Biography

{{Short description|none}}
'''[[Amit Kumar]]''' (born 3 July 1952) has sung 760 songs in Hindi films. The following is a complete list of songs recorded by him:
{| class="infobox" style="width: 30em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;"
|+Songs by [[Amit Kumar]]
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Film songs
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Hindi songs
|{{center|295}}
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Bengali songs
|{{center|122}}
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Marathi songs
|{{center|6}}
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Odia songs
|{{center|2}}
|- style="background:#ddf;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Malayalam songs
|{{center|1}}
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| style="text-align:left;" |Total
| {{won|426}}
|}

==Film songs==
=== 1970s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No.
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
|-
|1971
!scope="row"|''[[Door Ka Raahi]]''
|1
|"Main Ek Panchi Matwala Re"
|colspan="2"|[[Kishore Kumar]]
|
|Credited as "Amit Ganguly"
|-
| 1974
! scope="row"|''[[Badhti Ka Naam Dadhi]]''
|2
| "Sun Chache Bol Bhatije"
| colspan="3" |Kishore Kumar
|
|-
| rowspan=10|1975
! scope="row"| ''[[Zindagi Aur Toofan]]''
|3
| "Main Bhi To Akela Hoon"
| [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
| Ram Bhardwaj
| rowspan="2" | [[Asha Bhosle]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Mounto]]''
|4
| "Door Door Se Aai Hoon Main"
| [[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
| [[Verma Malik]]
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=4|''[[Jaan Hazir Hai]]''
|5
| "Are Meri Chamak Challo"
| rowspan=4| Jaikumar Parte
| rowspan=4| Shailey Shailendra
| Usha Timothy
|
|-
|6
| "Bhaande Phoot Jayenge"
| Manhar
|
|-
|7
| "Ye Shehri Mor Dekha"
| Dilraj Kaur
|
|-
|8
| "Hum Na Rahenge"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Qaid (film)|Qaid]]''
|9
| "Yeh Dil De De De Yeh Jaan Le Le"
| Nitin–Mangesh
| [[Maya Govind]]
| Anjali
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Chori Mera Kaam]]''
|10
| "Main Kachche Angoor Ki Bel, Aayi Karne Dilon Ka Mel, Mera Pyar Hai Awara"
| Kalyanji–Anandji
| Verma Malik
| Kishore Kumar, [[Babla & Kanchan|Kanchan]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Aandhi]]''
|11
| "Salam Kijiye"
| [[R. D. Burman]]
| [[Gulzar]]
| [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Anokha]]''
|12
| "Jab Aai Hai Gaonse Hamar Goribala"
| Kalyanji–Anandji
|[[Indeevar]]
| [[Mahendra Kapoor]], Chorus
|
|-
| rowspan=5|1976
! scope="row"| ''[[Aap Beati]]''
|13
| "Kismat Ki Baat"
| [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Dhongee]]''
|14
| "Rangon Ki Chhanv Dhoop Mein"
| rowspan="2" | R. D. Burman
| Asha Bhosle, Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Balika Badhu (1976 film)|Balika Badhu]]''
|15
| "[[Bade Achche Lagte Hain (song)|Bade Achhe Lagte Hain]]"
|R.D. Burman
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Deewaangee]]''
|16
| "Hasino Ke Chakkar Me Padna Nahi"
| colspan="2" | [[Ravindra Jain]]
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Phool Aur Insan''
|17
| "Mujhe Pyar Hai Tumse"
| Surinder Kohli
| Arsh Dalawari
| Meenakshi
|
|-
| rowspan=9|1977
! scope="row"|''Duniyadari''
|18
| "Teen Baaje Bola Tha, Baaj Gaye Chaat"
| Shankar–Jaikishan
| M G Hashmat
| rowspan=2| Asha Bhosle
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Ek Hi Raasta (1977 film)|Ek Hi Rastaa]]''
|19
| "Dil Ko Mila Lo"
|rowspan=| Rajesh Roshan
|rowspan=1| Verma Malik
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''[[Parvarish (1977 film)|Parvarish]]''
|20
| "Bandh Aankh Se Dekh Tamasha"
| rowspan=2| Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan=2|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
|21
| "Jaate Ho Jaane Jaana"
| Asha Bhosle, [[Aarti Mukherjee]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Daku Aur Mahatma]]''
|22
| "Ho Meri Pyaari Jalebi Rashbhari"
| colspan="2" | [[Ravindra Jain]]
| [[Hemlata]]
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''[[Haiwan (film)|Haiwan]]''
|23
| "Maan Na Maan Mai Teri Mehmaan"
| rowspan=2|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Gauhar Kanpuri
| [[Krishna Mukherjee]]
|
|-
|24
| "O Deewani Raja Raani Kahani"
|[[Amit Khanna]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Kali Raat]]''
|25
| "Are Hansti Jaogi"
| Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| Majrooh Sultanpuri
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Ladki Jawan Ho Gayi]]''
|26
| "Are Ja Dilphenk Aashiq"
| Sonik-Omi
| [[Vishweshwar Sharma]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan=15|1978
! scope="row"|''[[Anjane Mein]]''
|27
| "Jeevan Ke Sab Sukh Paye Tu" (Male)
| rowspan=2|Kalyanji–Anandji
| [[Gulshan Bawra]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Chor Ke Ghar Chor]]''
|28
| "Ho Sake To Kar Lo Mujhse Pyar Sarkar Thoda Thoda"
| Yogesh
| Kanchan
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2|''[[Kasme Vaade]]''
|29
| "Aati Rahengi Baharen" - I
| rowspan="3" | R. D. Burman
| rowspan="2" |Gulshan Bawra
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|30
| "Aati Rahengi Baharen" (Sad)
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Mezaan''
|31
| "Gussa Ho Kar"
| Nida Fazli
| Asha Bhosle, R. D. Burman
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Ganga Ki Saugand]]''
|32
| Dekho Sapne"
| Kalyanji Anandji
| [[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
| Mohammed Rafi, [[Aarti Mukherji]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Darwaza]]''
|33
| Hosh Mein Hum Kahan
| Sapan–Jagmohan
| [[Naqsh Lyallpuri]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"Rowspan=2|''[[Nasbandi]]''
|34
| "Kiski Chali Hai Kiski Chali Hai"
| rowspan=2| Kalyanji–Anandji
| rowspan=2| Hullad Moradabadi
| rowspan=2|Nitin Mukesh
|
|-
|35
| "[[Dama Dam Mast Qalandar]]"
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Des Pardes (1978 film)|Des Pardes]]''
|36
| "Nazar Lage Naa Saathiyon"
| rowspan="3" | [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| Amit Khanna
|Kishore Kumar, [[Vijay Benedict]], [[Manhar Udhas]]
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2|''[[Khatta Meetha (1978 film)|Khatta Meetha]]''
|37
| "Roll Roll"
| rowspan=2|Gulzar
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
|38
| "Frenny O Frenny"
| [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Lal Kothi]]''
|39
| "Dhala Din Ayse"
| Sapan–Jagmohan
| Naqsh Lall Puri
| Asha Bhosle
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Phandebaaz]]''
|40
| "Bade Bade Logo Ke Yaar Bade Bade Hai Raaz"
| R. D. Burman
| Anand Bakshi
| Mohammed Rafi
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Toote Khilone]]''
|41
| "Kya Jane Yeh Duniya"
| Bappi Lahiri
| [[Kaifi Azmi]]
| [[Sulakshana Pandit]]
|
|-
| rowspan=16|1979
! scope="row" Rowspan=2|''[[Baton Baton Mein]]''
|42
| "Na Bole Tum, Na Maine Kuch Kaha"
| rowspan=3|Rajesh Roshan
|[[Yogesh (lyricist)|Yogesh]]
| Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|43
| "Uthe Sabke Kadam, Dekho Rum Pum Pum"
|Amit Khanna
| rowspan="2" | Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Duniya Meri Jeb Mein]]''
|44
| "Dekh Mausam Keh Raha Hai, Baahon Mein Aake Meri"
|[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta|Gulshan Bawra]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Gol Maal]]''
|45
| "Ek Din Sapne Me Dekha Sapna"
| rowspan=2|R. D. Burman
| Gulzar
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Hamare Tumhare]]''
|46
| "Tu Meri Mehbooba Hai"
| Yogesh
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Pehredaar''
|47
| "Ruk Jao Are Jane Walo"
| Sapan–Jagmohan
| Mahender Dehlavi
| Mohammed Rafi, Bhupinder, [[Aarti Mukherjee]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Prem Vivah]]''
|48
| "Milte Rahiye, Milne Se Dil Mil Jayenge"
| Laxmikant-Pyarelal
| Anand Bakshi
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=5|''[[Shabhash Daddy]]''
|49
| "Daur-e-Khizaan Tha"
| rowspan=5|Kishore Kumar
| rowspan=5|Irshad
|
|
|-
|50
| "Chalta Chala Jaoon Mai"
| Aparna Mayekar
|
|-
|51
| "Bhini Bhini Ye Bheegi Bheegi Ye"
| [[Sulakshana Pandit]]
|
|-
|52
| "Daddy Yeh Tumne Kya Kiya"
|
|
|-
|53
| "Pyar Aur Shaadi"
| Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Dhongee]]''
|54
| "Rangon Ki Dhoop Chhaon Mein"
| rowspan=1| R. D. Burman
| rowspan=3| Anand Bakshi
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''[[Dil Kaa Heera]]''
|55
| "Zindagi Ka Yoon Jubaan Par Naam Aana Chaahiye" (Version 1)
| rowspan=2| Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan=2| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi
|
|-
|56
| "Zindagi Ka Yoon Jubaan Par Naam Aana Chaahiye" (Version 2)
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Atmaram''
|57
|"Are Din Bakhsa Are Dayaram"
|Shankar-Jaikishan
|M.G. Hashmat
|[[Manna Dey]]
|
|}

=== 1980s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
|-
| rowspan="7" |1980
! scope="row"|''Bambai Ka Maharaja''
|58
|"Mil Gaya Mil Gaya"
|[[Usha Khanna]]
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Asha Bhosle]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Chaal Baaz''
|59
|"Hai Shaam Badi Matwali"
|[[Madan Mohan (composer)|Madan Mohan]]
|[[Yogesh (lyricist)|Yogesh]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''Jaayen To Jaayen Kahan''
|60
|"Gori Tere Ang Ang Lagayenge Rang"
| rowspan="2" |K. Babuji
| rowspan="2" |[[Vitthalbhai Patel]]
|
|-
|61
|"Chalti Hai Gaadi, Chadhna Maana Hai"
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Nazrana Pyar Ka''
|62
|"Naya Saal Aaye, Tamase Dikhaye"
|Hemant Bhosle
|[[Nida Fazli]]
|Asha Bhosle, [[Anwar (singer)|Anwar]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''[[Hum Paanch (film)|Hum Paanch]]''
|63
|"Ka Jaanu Main Sajaniya"
|rowspan=2|Laxmikant Pyarelal
|rowspan=2|Anand Bakshi
|Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
|64
|"Hum Paanch Pandav Ye Shakuni Mama"
|Shailendra Singh, Anwar, Suresh Wadkar
|
|-
| rowspan="10" |1981
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Naari''
|65
|"Neeche Zameen Oopar Gagan"
|rowspan=2|Shankar-Jaikishan
|rowspan=2|M.G. Hashmat
|[[Yesudas]]
|
|-
|66
|"Neeche Zameen Oopar Gagan" (Sad)
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Bhaagya''
|67
|"Jaagte Sote Hue"
| colspan="2" |[[Ravindra Jain]]
|[[Hemlata (singer)|Hemlata]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Tajurba''
|68
|"Ek Nahin Hum Do Nahin"
|[[Usha Khanna]]
|Asad Bhopali
|[[Suresh Wadkar]], Hemlata, [[Shabbir Kumar]] & [[Usha Khanna]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Fiffty Fiffty]]''
|69
|"Chhod Maza Haath, Maala Peene De"
|Laxmikant Pyarelal
|Anand Bakshi
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" |[[Love Story (1981 film)|''Love Story'']]
|70
|"Kaisa Tera Pyar, Kaisa Gussa Hai Tera, Tauba Sanam"
| rowspan="11" |[[R. D. Burman]]
| rowspan="11" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
|71
|"Dekho Maine Dekha Hai Yeh Ek Sapna"
|
|-
|72
|"Teri Yaad Aa Rahi Hai" (Duet)
|
|-
|73
|"Teri Yaad Aa Rahi Hai" (Solo)
|
|
|-
|74
|"Yeh Ladki Zara Si Deewani Lagti Hai"
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1982
! rowspan="6" scope="row" |''[[Teri Kasam]]''
|75
| "Hum Jis Raste Pe Chale, Us Raste Pe Thi Preet Khadi"
| Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
|76
|"Geet Woh Hai, Haan Ji Haan"
|
|
|-
|77
|"Yeh Zameen Gaa Rahi Hai"
|
|
|-
|78
|"Dil Ki Baat Kahin Lab Pe"
|
|
|-
|79
|"Kya Hua Ek Baat Par"
|
|
|-
|80
|"Mere Geeton Mein"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Zakhmee Insaan]]''
|81
|"Aaj Teri Aankhon Me"
| rowspan="2" |[[Nadeem–Shravan]]
| rowspan="2" |Surendra Sathi
|
|
|-
|82
|"Gham Ka Andhera"
|[[Falguni Pathak]], [[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
! scope=row|''[[Khud-Daar]]''
|83
|"Oonche Neeche Raaste" (Sad)
|Rajesh Roshan
|Majrooh Sultanpuri
|
|
|-
| rowspan="8" |1983
!scope="row" |''Pakhandee''
|84
|"Itna Haseen Tujhsa"
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|Usha Mangeshkar
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Haadsa]]''
|85
|"Yeh Bombay Shahar Hai"
| rowspan="3" |[[Kalyanji–Anandji]]
| rowspan="3" |[[M. G. Hashmat]]
|
|
|-
|86
|"Pyar Ka Haadsaa"
|
|
|-
|87
|"Y O G A"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Mahaan (1983 film)|Mahaan]]''
|88
|"Asli Kya Hai Naqli Kya Hai"
|R.D. Burman
|Anjaan
|rowspan=3|Kishore Kumar
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|''[[Karate]]''
|89
|"Maa Ae Maa"
|rowspan=3|Bappi Lahiri
|rowspan=3|S.H. Bihari
|
|-
|90
|"Do Diwane Pyar Ke"
|
|-
|91
|"Karate Karate" (Jag Sara Nache)
|Bappi Lahiri
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1984
! rowspan="5" scope="row" |''[[Jawaani]]''
|92
|"Gali Gali Dhunda Tujhe, Kone Kone Dekha Re"
| rowspan="5" |R. D. Burman
| rowspan="5" |[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta|Gulshan Bawra]]
|Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
|93
|"Bheega Bheega, Pyara Mausam, Mehki Si Tanhayi"
| rowspan="2" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|94
|"Tu Rootha To Main Ro Doongi Sanam"
|
|-
|95
|"Maana Abhi Ho Kamsin Aur Nadaan Ho Tum"
|
|
|-
|96
|"Halla Gulla Mazaa Hai Jawaani"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Saaransh]]''
|97
|"Har Ghadi Dhal Rahi Shaam Hai Zindagi"
|[[Ajit Varman]]
|[[Vasant Dev]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" |1985
! scope="row" rowspan="4" |[[Yudh (film)|''Yudh'']]
|98
|"Doston Tum Sabko"
| rowspan="2" |Kalyanji–Anandji
| rowspan="4" |Anand Bakshi
|[[Alka Yagnik]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|
|-
|99
|"Kya Hua, Kya Nahin"
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|100
|"Yudh Kar" (Fast)
| rowspan="2" |[[Viju Shah]]
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|101
|"Yudh Kar" (Slow)
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Aakhir Kyon?]]''
|102
|"Dushman Na Kare, Dost Ne Woh Kaam Kiya Hai"
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajesh Roshan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Indeevar]]
|Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
|103
|"Saat Rang Mein Khel Rahi Hai Dilwalon Ki Toli Re"
|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Bond 303]]''
|104
|"Main Tera Deewana"
|rowspan=3|R.D. Burman
|Gulshan Bawra
|Suresh Wadkar and Kalyani Mitra
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''[[Awara Baap]]''
|105
|"Teri Umar Pachas Ya Pachpan Ki"
|Verma Malik
|Kishore Kumar
|
|-
|106
|"Umar Sari Humari"
|Vishweshwar Sharma
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |1986
! scope="row"|''Swarthi''
|107
|"Mera To Irada Hai"
|Sapan Jagmohan
|M.G. Hashmat
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Ilzaam]]''
|108
|"I Am A Street Dancer"
| rowspan="3" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
| rowspan="3" |Anjaan
|
|
|-
|109
|"Pehle Pehle Pyar Ki, Kya Hai Yeh Deewangi" (Slow)
| rowspan="3" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|110
|"Pehle Pehle Pyar Ki, Kya Hai Yeh Deewangi" (Fast)
|
|-
!scope="row" |[[Jeeva (1986 film)|''Jeeva'']]
|111
|"Roz Roz Aankhon Tale"
|R. D. Burman
|[[Gulzar]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1987
!scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Pyaar Karke Dekho]]''
|112
|"Aao Dance Karein"
| rowspan="3" |Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="2" |Indeevar
|[[Vijay Benedict]]
|
|-
|113
|"It's My Challenge"
|Vijay Benedict, Asha Bhosle, Bappi Lahiri
|
|-
|114
|"I Am A Street Dancer"
|Anjaan
|
|
|-
| rowspan="12" |1988
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Maalamaal]]''
|115
|"Maal Hai To Taal Hai"
|rowspan="2"| Anu Malik
|rowspan="2"| Indeevar
| rowspan="2" |Kishore Kumar, Anu Malik, [[Sudesh Bhosale|Sudesh Bhosle]]
|rowspan="2"| Final recorded duet with Kishore Kumar
|-
|116
|"Maal Ko Dekhe"
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5" |[[Aakhari Poratam|''Mera Farz'']]
|117
|"Phool Se Badan Ki"
| rowspan="5" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="5" |Indeevar
| rowspan="3" |Kavita Krishnamurthy
| rowspan="5" |Hindi dubbed version
|-
|118
|"Sunday Monday Tuesday"
|-
|119
|"Hoton Pe Tak Tak Dhoom"
|-
|120
|"Chandni Meri Lipti Hue"
| rowspan="2" |Asha Bhosle
|-
|121
|"Yeh Gulabi Shaam Ka Nasha"
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Woh Phir Aayegi]]''
|122
|"Kya Tan Kya Man"
|Anand–Milind
|Sameer
|[[S. Janaki]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Hero Hiralal]]''
|123
|"Main Hoon Hero Hiralal"
|[[Babla & Kanchan|Babla Shah]]
|[[Hriday Lani]]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''[[Tezaab]]''
|124
|"[[Ek Do Teen (song)|Ek Do Teen]]"
| rowspan="2" |Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan="2" |[[Javed Akhtar]]
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|125
|"Keh Do Ke Tum Ho Meri"
|Anuradha Paudwal
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Rama O Rama]]''
|126
|"Rama O Rama" (Male)
|R. D. Burman
|Anand Bakshi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="24" |1989
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Rakhwala (1989 film)|''Rakhwala'']]
|127
|"O My Love"
| rowspan="4" |[[Anand–Milind]]
| rowspan="2" |Sameer
|[[S. Janaki]]
|
|-
|128
|"Bombay Meri Hai"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Anjaane Rishte]]''
|129
|"Mud Mud Ke Na Peeche"
| rowspan="2" |Majrooh Sultanpuri
| rowspan="2" |Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
|130
|"Jaao Ji Kaha Jaaoge"
|
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |''[[Tridev]]''
|131
|"Tirchi Topiwale"
| rowspan="3" |Kalyanji–Anandji
| rowspan="3" |Anand Bakshi
| rowspan="2" |[[Sapna Mukherjee]]
|
|-
|132
|"Tirchi Topiwale (Part 2)"
|
|-
|133
|"Oye Oye"
|[[Udit Narayan]], [[Jolly Mukherjee]]
|
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row" |[[Dost (1989 film)|''Dost'']]
|134
|"Hirni Jaisi"
| rowspan="5" |R. D. Burman
| rowspan="5" |Indeevar
|
|
|-
|135
|"Tu Hi Heera"
| rowspan="4" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|136
|"Step By Step"
|
|-
|137
|"Dil To Chahe Yeh"
|
|-
|138
|"Chhota Sa Parivar"
|
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row"|''[[Mamta Ki Chhaon Mein]]''
|139
|"Main Ek Panchi Matwala Re"
| rowspan="5" |[[Kishore Kumar]]
| rowspan="2" |Kishore Kumar
|
|Recreated from the 1971 film ''[[Door Ka Raahi]]''
|-
|140
|"Beeti Jaye Zindagi"
|
|
|-
|141
|"Todke Bandhan Sare Jeevan Jot Jagaye"
| rowspan="3" |Anjaan
|
|
|-
|142
|"Andhiyari Raahon Mein (Duet Version)"
|[[Leena Chandavarkar|Leena Chandarvarkar]], Chorus
|
|-
|143
|"Andhiyari Raahon Mein (Male Version)"
|Chorus
|
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''[[ChaalBaaz]]''
|144
|"Na Jaane Kahan Se Aayi Hai"
| rowspan="2" |Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan="2" |Anand Bakshi
|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|
|-
|145
|"Gadbad Ho Gayee"
|Kavita Krishnamurthy, [[Jolly Mukherjee]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=4|''[[Aakhri Baazi]]''
|146
|"Jaan Ki Yeh Baazi"
|rowspan=4|Anu Malik
|rowspan=4|Indeevar
|
|rowspan=4|Hindi dubbed version
|-
|147
|"Ram Se Hai Laxman"
|Suresh Wadkar
|-
|148
|"Chori Chori Aap Mere"
|Sadhana Sargam
|-
|149
|"Hai Re Sama"
|Suresh Wadkar and Sadhana Sargam
|-
! scope="row"|''Wasta''
|150
|"Maa Bolo"
|Ajit Verman
|Vasant Dev
|
|}

=== 1990s ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No.
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
|-
| rowspan="43" |1990
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Maha-Sangram]]''
|151
|"Do Dooni Chaar"
| rowspan="3" |[[Anand–Milind]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
| rowspan="2" |Anuradha Paudwal
|
|-
|152
|"Aa Bahon Mein Aa"
|
|-
|153
|"Aaya Main Aaya"
|[[Udit Narayan]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="6" |[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari|''Aadmi aur Apsara'']]
|154
|"Chamke Tu Chama Chama Chham Chham"
| rowspan="6" |[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Indeevar]]
| rowspan="5" |[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
| rowspan="6" |Hindi dubbed version
|-
|155
|"Tumne Is Tarah Maara Dekh Gaya Mai Zamarla Tumhara"
|-
|156
|"Balama Hai Tu Mere Dil Ka Mehma"
|-
|157
|"Sundar Dekho Lage Bada Shama"
|-
|158
|"Tanak Dhin Ta, Tanak Dhin Ta"
|-
|159
|"Pehle Bharat Me Korawo Pandawo Ka Raj Tha"
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Police Public]]''
|160
| "Main Jis Din Bhula Doon Tera Pyar"
|[[Raamlaxman]]
|[[Asad Bhopali]]
| [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Swarg]]''
|161
|"Bambai Humko Jam Gayi"
| rowspan="3" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="3" |Sameer
|
|
|-
|162
|"Filmon Ke Sare Hero Mere Aage Hain Zero"
|[[Nitin Mukesh]]
|
|-
|163
|"Tum Sajna Ke Ghar Jaogi, Hamen Yaad Bahut Aaogi, Is Ghar, Is Angna Mein"
|[[Mohammed Aziz]], [[Anupama Deshpande]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Awwal Number]]''
|164
|"Yeh Hai Cricket, Yeh Hai Cricket"
| rowspan="4" |[[Bappi Lahiri]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Amit Khanna]]
|Bappi Lahiri, Udit Narayan
|
|-
|165
|"Poochho Na Kaisa"
|S. Janaki
|
|-
|166
|"Chum Chum Chum"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Ghayal (1990 film)|''Ghayal'']]
|167
|"Don't Say No"
|[[Anjaan (lyricist)|Anjaan]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" |''[[Chor Pe Mor]]''
|168
|"Baj Uthe Ghungroo"
| rowspan="4" |R. D. Burman
| rowspan="4" |[[Gulshan Kumar Mehta|Gulshan Bawra]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Asha Bhosle]]
|
|-
|169
|"Aur Sunao Kya Haal"
|
|-
|170
|"Chor Chor"
|[[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|
|-
|171
|"Hum To Pyar Mein"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| [[Anjali (1990 film)|''Anjali'']]
|172
|"Majic Journey"
|Ilaiyaraaja
|Sameer
|
|Hindi dubbed version
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin]]''
|173
|"Hum Tum Se Mohabat"
| rowspan="3" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="3" |Sameer
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Mera Pati Sirf Mera Hai]]''
|174
|"Aaiye Farmaiye"
|
|
|-
|175
|"Aao Ji Aao"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Aaj Ka Arjun]]''
|176
|"Chali Aana Tu Pan Ki"
| rowspan="2" |Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="2" |Anjaan
|[[Alka Yagnik]]
|
|-
|177
|"Na Ja Re"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Jawani Zindabad]]''
|178
|"Calcutta Ho Ya Kashi"
| rowspan="3" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="3" |Sameer
|[[Suresh Wadkar]]
|
|-
|179
|"Meri Jaan Jao Na"
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
|180
|"Sun Sun Sun Mera Yaar"
|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Sailaab (1990 film)|''Sailaab'']]
|181
|"Mujhko Yeh Zindagi"
| rowspan="2" |Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="5" |[[Javed Akhtar]]
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|182
|"Palkon Ke Tale Jo Sapne Pale"
| rowspan="2" |Kavita Krishnamurthy
|
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |[[Jamai Raja (film)|''Jamai Raja'']]
|183
|"Pyar Hua Hai Mujhe Aur Tujhe"
| rowspan="3" |[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
|
|-
|184
|"Hum Aur Tum"
| rowspan="2" |Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|185
|"Aag Lag Rahi Hai"
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4" |''[[Baaghi (1990 film)|Baaghi]]''
|186
|"Kaisa Lagta Hai"
| rowspan="4" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="4" |[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
| rowspan="2" |Anuradha Paudwal
|
|-
|187
|"Kaisa Lagta Hai" (Sad)
|
|-
|188
|"Tapori"
|Anand Chitragupt
|
|-
|189
|"Maang Teri Saja Doon Mein"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=4|''[[Thanedaar]]''
|190
|"Jab Se Hui Hai Shaadi"
|rowspan=4|Bappi Lahiri
|Raj Sippy and Sameer
|
|
|-
|191
|"Jeena Hai To Hans Ke Jiyo" (Part 1)
|rowspan=2| Anjaan
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|192
|"Jeena Hai To Hans Ke Jiyo" (Part 2)
|Asha Bhosle and Reema Lahiri
|
|-
|193
|"Pehli Pehli Baar Aisa Thanedaar Aaya"
|Indeevar
|Alka Yagnik
|-
| rowspan="16" |1991
!scope="row" |[[Hum (film)|''Hum'']]
|194
|"Sanam Mere Sanam"
|Laxmikant–Pyarelal
|Anand Bakshi
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
! scope="row"rowspan="2" |[[100 Days (1991 film)|''100 Days'']]
|195
|"Le Le Dil, De De Dil"
| rowspan="2" |Raamlaxman
|[[Dev Kohli]]
|Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
|196
|"Gabbar Singh Yeh"
|Ravinder Rawal
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Vishnu-Devaa]]''
|197
|"Mathe Pe Yun Lat Lehrayi, Khul Gayi Dil Ki Baat"
|[[Rajesh Roshan]]
|Anjaan
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Afsana Pyar Ka]]''
|198
|"Aashiq Deewana"
| rowspan="3" |Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="3" |Anjaan, Sameer
|
|
|-
|199
|"Tip Tip Tip Tip"
| rowspan="2" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|200
|"Nazren Mili"
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Pyar Hua Chori Chori]]''
|201
|"Pyar Hua Chori Chori"
| rowspan="5" |Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan="3" |Anand Bakshi
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|202
|"Ja Re Ja O Besharam Chanda"
|Kavita Krishnamurthy
|
|-
|203
|"Teri Khamoshi Zuban Ban Gayi"
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |[[Narsimha (1991 film)|''Narsimha'']]
|204
|"Jao Tum Chahe Jahan"
| rowspan="2" |Javed Akhtar
| rowspan="2" |Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|205
|"Yaad Karoge Wahan"
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Indrajeet]]''
|206
|"Ab To Humko"
| rowspan="3" |R. D. Burman
| rowspan="3" |Gulshan Bawra
| rowspan="4" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|207
|"Main Khule Aam"
|
|-
|208
|"Main Na Jhooth Boloon"
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Pratikar]]''
|209
|"Chitthi Mujhe Likhna"
|Bappi Lahiri
|[[Anand Bakshi]]
|
|-
| rowspan="15" |1992
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Yaad Rakhegi Duniya]]''
|211
|"Tooti Khidki, Makdi Ka Jangla"
| rowspan="3" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="3" |Sameer
|Kavita Krishnamurthy
|
|-
|212
|"Gali Gali Mein Gana"
|
|
|-
|213
|"Naina O Meri Naina"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Vishwatma]]''
|214
|"Dil Le Gayi Teri Bindiya"
| rowspan="2" |[[Viju Shah]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Anand Bakshi]]
|[[Sapna Mukherjee]], [[Mohammed Aziz|Mohammad Aziz]] & [[Udit Narayan]]
|
|-
|215
|"Toofan"
|Sadhana Sargam, Alka Yagnik, [[Sapna Mukherjee]] & Boney
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Suryavanshi (film)|''Suryavanshi'']]
|216
|"Goodbye Namaste Salaam"
| rowspan="2" |Anand–Milind
|Kulwant Jani
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Adharm (1992 film)|''Adharm'']]
|217
|"Tuna Tuna Tuk Tuk Tuna"
|Sameer
|[[Arun Bakshi]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Jhoothi Shaan]]''
|218
|"Rimjhim Barse"
| rowspan="2" |[[R. D. Burman]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Yogesh (lyricist)|Yogesh Gaud]]
|Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|219
|"Jo Aap Aaye Bahar Laye"
|Asha Bhosle, [[Chandrani Mukherjee]]
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Humlaa]]''
|220
|"Dil Nahin Dena Re, Dil Nahin Lena"
|Laxmikant–Pyarelal
|Anand Bakshi
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Jaagruti]]''
|221
|"Chal Naujawan Aage Chal"
| rowspan="3" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="2" |Sameer
|
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Aaj Ka Goonda Raaj]]''
|222
|"It's A Challenge"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Honeymoon (1992 film)|''Honeymoon'']]
|223
|"Aadha Tera Dil"
|[[Majrooh Sultanpuri]]
|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Khel (film)|''Khel'']]
|224
|"Soone Shaam Savere"
| rowspan="2" |Rajesh Roshan
| rowspan="2" |Javed Akhtar
|
|
|-
|225
|"Na Hai Zameen Na Aasman"
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
| rowspan="12" |1993
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]]''
|226
|"Deewana Dil Deewana"
| rowspan="3" |[[Jatin–Lalit]]
| rowspan="3" |Majrooh Sultanpuri
|Udit Narayan
|
|-
|227
|"Sachi Yeh Kahani Hai"
|Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|228
|"Kyon Na Hum Milke Pyar"
|Udit Narayan & Vijayeta Pandit
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Hasti]]''
|229
|"Ladka Ladki Se Phansa"
|Anand–Milind
|Sameer
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Parampara (1993 film)|''Parampara'']]
|230
|"Adhi Raat Ko"
|[[Shiv–Hari]]
|Anand Bakshi
|Lata Mangeshkar
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Izzat Ki Roti]]''
|231
|"Teri Meri Baat Chali To Aisi Chali"
| rowspan="2" |Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="2" |Anjaan
| rowspan="2" |Anuradha Paudwal
|
|-
|232
|"Chini Mini Chini Mini Meri Jaan"
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |[[Gurudev (film)|''Gurudev'']]
|233
|"Aana Re, Aana Re"
| rowspan="2" |R. D. Burman
| rowspan="2" |Majrooh Sultanpuri
|
|
|-
|234
|"Ek Din Tera Dheere Se"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Aulad Ke Dushman]]''
|235
|"Main Aa Gaya Hoon"
|Shyam–Surinder
|Satish Sharma
|
|
|-
! scope=row|''[[Aasoo Bane Angaarey]]''
|236
|"Deewane Yeh Ladke"
|Rajesh Roshan
|Indeevar, Dev Kohli, and Payam Sayeedi
|Kavita Krishnamurthy
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Prateeksha]]''
|237
|"O Meri Maa"
|Rajesh Roshan
|Prayag Raj
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |1994
! scope="row" |''[[Imtihaan]]''
|238
|"Is Tarah Aashiqui Ka" (2)
|[[Anu Malik]]
|[[Faaiz Anwar]]
|
|
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Dushman Duniya Ka]]''
|239
|"Mere Naujawano Pyare Naujawano"
|Anu Malik (originally by R. D. Burman) 
|Ravindra Jain
|
|based on the song "Mere Bhole Balam" from the film ''[[Padosan]]'' sung by [[Kishore Kumar]]; tribute to Kishore Kumar
|-
!scope="row" |''[[Chauraha]]''
|240
|"Yeh Kaisa Pyar Hai"
|Laxmikant–Pyarelal
|Anand Bakshi
|Kavita Krishnamurthy
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Krantiveer]]''
|241
|"Love Rap"
| rowspan="6" |Anand–Milind
| rowspan="6" |Sameer
|[[Sudesh Bhosale|Sudesh Bhosle]], Sapna Mukherjee, [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]]
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" |''[[Sangdil Sanam]]''
|242
|"Aankhon Mein Bandh Kar Loon"
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
|243
|"Aankhon Mein Band" (Sad)
|
|
|-
|244
|"One Two Three"
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1995
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''Talaashi''
|245
|"Pyar Karegi Na Re Baba Na" (Happy)
| rowspan="2" |Alka Yagnik
|
|-
|246
|"Pyar Karegi Na Re Baba Na" (Sad)
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Paandav]]''
|247
|"Ye Haina Pyaar Hi To Haina"
| rowspan="2" |[[Jatin–Lalit]]
| rowspan="3" |Majrooh Sultanpuri
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
|248
|"Ye Chaman Jo Jal Gaya"
|Udit Narayan
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1996
! scope="row"|''[[Sautela Bhai]]''
|249
|"O Jiyo Jiyo Yaaro"
|R.D.Burman
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" |''[[Sapoot]]''
|250
|"Kajal Kajal"
| rowspan="2" |Anu Malik
| rowspan="2" |Dev Kohli
| rowspan="2" |Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|251
|"Tukur Tukur"
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |1997
! scope="row" |[[Judaai (1997 film)|''Judaai'']]
|252
|"Raat Ko Neend Aati Nahin"
|[[Nadeem–Shravan]]
| rowspan="2" |Sameer
|Priya Bhattacharya
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Sanam (1997 film)|''Sanam'']]
|253
|"Maine Kal Ek Sapna Dekha"
|Anand–Milind
|[[Vinod Rathod]]
|
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''[[Mahaanta]]''
|254
|"Tere Bin Main Hu Kya"
| rowspan="2" |Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| rowspan="2" |Anand Bakshi
|
|
|-
|255
|"Mere Yaaron Tum"
|Mohammad Aziz, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
| rowspan= "3" |1998
! scope="row" |[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|''Bade Miyan Chote Miyan'']]
|256
|"Deta Jai Jo Re" (I)
|Viju Shah
|Sameer
|Anuradha Paudwal, Kavita Krishnamurthy, Udit Narayan
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Angaaray (1998 film)|''Angaaray'']]
|257
|"Aande Aande"
|[[Aadesh Shrivastava]]
|Javed Akhtar
|Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan, Aadesh Shrivastava
|
|-
! scope="row" |[[Qila (film)|''Qila'']]
|258
|"Kurte Ki Banhiya"
|[[Anand Raaj Anand]]
|Dev Kohli
|Udit Narayan, Preeti Uttam Singh
|
|-
| rowspan= "3" |1999
! scope="row" |''[[Silsila Hai Pyar Ka]]''
|259
|"Suno Suno Ladkiyon"
|Jatin–Lalit
|Sameer
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Kohram]]''
|260
|"Hum Hain Banaras Ke Bhaiya"
| rowspan= "2" |Dillip Sen–Sameer Sen
| rowspan= "2" |Dev Kohli
|Sudesh Bhosle
|
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Anari No.1]]''
|261
|"Bol Hari Bol Hari"
|Pradeep Suri
|
|}

=== 2000s–present ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No.
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
|-
| rowspan="12" |2000
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''[[Raju Chacha]]''
|262
| "Dil Dil Ka Yeh Kaam Hai"
| rowspan=2|[[Jatin–Lalit]]
| rowspan=2|[[Anand Bakshi]]
| Gavin Bryars
|
|-
|263
| "Kahin Se Aayi Rani"
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Beti No.1|Beti No. 1]]''
|264
| "Dil Ki Dhadkan"
| [[Viju Shah]]
|[[Maya Govind]], [[Dev Kohli]]
| [[Udit Narayan]]
|
|-
! scope="row"| [[Shikari (2000 film)|''Shikari'']]
|265
| "Gora Pareshaan Hai"
| [[Aadesh Shrivastava]]
| [[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]]
| [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]]
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Aaj Ka Nanha Farishta]]''
|266
|"Yeh Duniya Gol Hai"
|[[Rajesh Roshan]]
|[[Anwar Sagar]]
|[[Sapna Mukherjee]]
|
|-
! rowspan="7" scope="row" | ''[[Jai Shakumbhari Maa]]''
|267
|"Trahimam Trahimam"
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" |[[Ravindra Jain]]
| rowspan="7" |Juned Akhtar, Jojo, Dilraj Kaur, Suhasini, [[Suresh Wadkar]], Sadhana Sargam, Kavita Krishnamurthy, [[Sonu Nigam]], Ravindra Jain
|
|-
|268
|"Utho Jago Chalo Re Bhakto"
|
|-
|269
|"Aankhen Moondu To Wo Nazar"
|
|-
|270
|"Jaago Re Bhakto"
|
|-
|271
|"Bhakto Ke Sankat Mein"
|
|-
|272
|"Jai Shakumbhari Maa"
|
|-
|273
|"Meri Sunle Re Sunle"
|
|-
| 2001
! scope="row" | ''[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (soundtrack)|Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham]]''
|274
| "Bole Chudiyan"
| Jatin–Lalit
| Sameer
| [[Kavita Krishnamurti]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Sonu Nigam]], Udit Narayan
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
! rowspan="3" scope="row" |''[[Jhankaar Beats]]''
|275
| "Boss Kaun Tha"
| rowspan="3" |[[Vishal-Shekhar]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Vishal Dadlani]]
|
|
|-
|276
| "Humein Tumse Pyaar Kitna"
| [[KK (singer)|KK]]
|
|-
|277
| "Ruk Ruk Rukna Na"
|
|
|-
| 2004
! scope="row" | ''[[Chot- Aj Isko, Kal Tereko|Chot - Aj Isko, Kal Tereko]]''
|278
| "Bhains Paani Mein"
| [[Raju Singh]]
|Sudhakar Sharma
| Javed Khan, [[Richa Sharma (singer)|Richa Sharma]] and Chaila Bihari
|
|-
| rowspan=3|2006
! scope="row"| ''[[Apna Sapna Money Money]]''
|279
| "Dil Mein Baji Guitar - 1"
| rowspan=3|[[Pritam]]
| Shabbir Ahmed
| [[Babul Supriyo]]
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2|''[[Fight Club: Members Only]]''
|280
| "Chhore Ki Baatein"
| rowspan=2|[[Mayur Puri]]
| rowspan=2| [[Shweta Pandit]]
|
|-
|281
| "Chhore Ki Baatein" (Remix)
|
|-
| 2005
! scope="row"| [[Page 3 (film)|''Page 3'']]
|282
| "Filmy Very Filmy"
| [[Shamir Tandon]]
|[[Sandeep Nath]]
| Blazze
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 2007
! scope="row" |''[[Mumbai Salsa]]''
|283
| "Pyar Se" (Male Version)
| rowspan=3|[[Adnan Sami]]
| rowspan="3" |Sameer
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''[[Dhamaal]]''
|284
| "Chandani Raat Hai Saiyan"
| Asha Bhosle
|
|-
|285
|"Miss India Martee Mujhpe"
|Adnan Sami
|
|-
! scope="row"| [[Victoria No. 203 (2007 film)|''Victoria No. 203'']]
|286
| "Do Bechare" (Remix)
| Viju Shah
| [[Verma Malik]]
| Udit Narayan
|
|-
| 2008
! scope="row" |[[My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)|''My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves'']]
|287
| "Jaane Maula Jaane Khuda"
| [[Pritam]], [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| Sameer
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
! rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''[[Dulha Mil Gaya]]''
|288
| "Dilrubaon Ke Jalwe"
| rowspan="2" |[[Lalit Pandit]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mudassar Aziz]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Monali Thakur]]
|
|-
|289
| "Dilrubaon Ke Jalwe" (Remix)
|
|-
| 2012
! scope="row"| ''[[Chaalis Chauraasi]]''
|290
| "Setting Zaala"
| Lalit Pandit
| Sandeep Shrivastav
| [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Yashita Yashpal]]
|
|-
| 2013
! scope="row"| [[Himmatwala (2013 film)|''Himmatwala'']]
|291
| "Nainon Mein Sapna"
| Bappi Lahiri
| Indeevar
| [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|
|-
| 2014
! scope="row"| ''[[P Se PM Tak]]''
|292
| "Balle Balle"
|Jatin Pandit
|Vinoo Mahendra
|
|
|-
| 2015
! scope="row"| ''[[Kaun Kitne Paani Mein]]''
|293
| "Chala Murari"
| Bishakh Jyoti - Kanish
| Protiqe Mojoomdar
|
|
|-
| 2016
! scope="row"| ''[[Aman Ke Farishtey]]''
|294
|"Boom Mat Marna"
|Bappi Lahiri
|Sohan Lal Bhatia
|Sarika Kapoor
|
|-
|2026
!scope="row" |[[Dhurandhar: The Revenge (soundtrack)|''Dhurandhar: The Revenge'']]
|295
|"Rang De Lal (Oye Oye)"
|[[Shashwat Sachdev]], Kalyanji–Anandji
|[[Jasmine Sandlas]], [[Reble]], Anand Bakshi
|Jasmine Sandlas, [[Afsana Khan]], Reble, Sapna Mukherjee
|
|}

== Regional songs ==
=== Marathi songs ===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
|1977
! scope="row"| ''Banya Bapu''
|1
|"Le Lo Bhai Chivada"
|Rishi-Raj
|Murlidhar Gode
|[[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1988
! scope="row"| ''[[Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi]]''
|2
|"Banwa Banwi, Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi"
| rowspan="2" |[[Arun Paudwal]]
|Shantaram Nandgaonkar
|[[Suresh Wadkar]], [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]], [[Sachin Pilgaonkar|Sachin]]
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Saglikade Bombabomb]]''
|3
|"Ja Ja Nako Maru Tu Gamja"
|Sudhir Moghe
|[[Suresh Wadkar]]
|-
| 1989
! scope="row"| ''[[Thartharat]]''
|4
| "Chikiri Buboom”
| [[Anil Mohile]]
|Pravin Davane
|[[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|-
|2011
! scope="row"| ''Bedhund''
|5
|"Darya Kinare"
| colspan="2" |Jagdish Bhosle
|
|-
| 2013
! scope="row"| ''[[Mai (2013 film)|Mai]]''
|6
| "Dhakku Makum"
| Nitin Shankar
| Sahil Sultanpuri
| Zanaya Bhosle
|}

=== Malayalam songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
|-
|2010
! scope="row"| [[Kandahar (2010 film)|''Kandahar'']]
|1
|"Tigde Tigde"
|[[Shamir Tandon]]
|[[Sandeep Nath]]
|Neetha Subhir
|}

=== Odia songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No.
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
|-
| 1976
! scope="row"| ''[[Gapa Hele Bi Sata (1976 film)|Gapa Hele Bi Sata]]''
|1
| "E Mora Dost Jibanaku Karidele"
| Bhuban - Hari
|
|
|-
| 1977
! scope="row"| ''[[Sandhya Tara]]''
|2
| "Mote Jie Jaha Kahu Mora Ki Jae Tu Mora"
| Basudeb Rath
| Shibabrata Das
|
|}
=== Bengali songs ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Film
!No
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
!{{Reference column heading}}
|-
| rowspan=2| 1974
!scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''Sangini''
|1
|"Nilima Priyotama - Jekhani Thaki Tomake Dekhi"
|rowspan=3| [[Sudhin Dasgupta]]
|rowspan=4| [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]]
|Sonali Gupta
|
|
|-
|2
|"Tomra Ke He"
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan=3| 1976
!scope="row"|''Hansharaj''
|3
|"Kolkata - Chitkar Chechamechi Mata Batha"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Dampati''
|4
|"Daraw Daraw (Danrao Danrao)"
|[[Bhupen Hazarika]]
|[[Aarti Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Ajasra Dhanyabad''
|5
|"Kheye Noon Aada"
|[[Shyamal Mitra]]
|[[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]]
|Prasun Bandyopadhyay and Shyamal Mitra
|
|
|-
|row|1978
! scope="row"| ''Parichay''
|6
|"Char Chokher"
|Sailesh Ray
|Shibdas Bandyopadhyay
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 1979
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''Shubho Sangbad''
|7
| "Chowrongir Chowmathate"
| rowspan=2| [[Sudhin Dasgupta]]
| rowspan=2| [[Pulak Bandyopadhyay|Pulak Banerjee]]
| Robin Ganguly
|rowspan=2|Soundtrack released in 1975, film released in 1979.
|
|-
|8
| "Eureka"
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 1982
! scope="row"| ''Aparupa''
|9
| "Pelam Tomay Eto Kachhe Aj"
| [[R. D. Burman]]
|Gauriprasanna Mazumder
| Aarti Mukherjee
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Prahari''
|10
|"Ore Mon Ke Emon"
|Sapan Jagmohan
|Mukul Dutta
|[[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Bhupinder Singh (musician)|Bhupinder Singh]], Aarti Mukherjee
|Soundtrack released in 1979, film released in 1982.
|
|-
|rowspan=10|1983
! scope="row"| ''Agamikal''
|11
|"Eta Akash Tate Ektai Chand"
|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| rowspan="5" |Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|[[Chandrani Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=4| ''Duti Pata''
|12
|"Keno Je Emon Holo"
|rowspan=4| Mirnal Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
|13
|"Jhar Jhar Jhare"
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|
|
|-
|14
|"Aari Bhaab Aari Bhaab"
|Bitu Samajpati
|
|
|-
|15
|"Pahar Pahar Pahar"
|Mirnal Banerjee, Bitu Samajpati
|
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=3| ''Shrinkhal''
|16
|"Sab Raateri Sheshe"
|rowspan=5| Rabin Banerjee
|rowspan=3| Miltu Ghosh
|
|
|
|-
|17
|"Kalakallole Jage"
|
|
|
|-
|18
|"Ajana Dwatiyer"
|[[Rabi Ghosh]], Mantu
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''Jay Parajay''
|19
|"Tomar Amar Jibanbeena"
|rowspan=2| Chandan Mukherjee
|rowspan=2| Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
|20
|"Ei Duniyay Banchte Gele"
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1984
! scope="row"| ''Parabat Priya''
|21
|"Heerer Tukro Chhele"
|Ajoy Das
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Shatru (1984 film)|Shatru]]''
|22
|"Bal Bal Na Tupi Kake Parai"
|rowspan=4|Dillip[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal|–]]Dillip
|[[Anjan Choudhury]]
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan=4|1985
! scope="row" Rowspan=3| ''Hulusthul''
|23
|"Amar E Gaan"
| rowspan="3" | Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|
|
|
|-
|24
|"Bhalobasha Jeno"
|
|
|
|-
|25
|"Tomar Praner"
|Aarti Mukherjee
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Sandhya Pradip''
|26
|"Ekla Ekla Aar Bhalo Lage Na"
|Mirnal Bandyopadhyay
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|[[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan=11|1986
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''Anurager Chhowa''
|27
| "Ja Peyechhi Ami Ta Chai Na"
|rowspan=4| Ajoy Das
|rowspan=2|Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|
|
|
|-
|28
|"Gun Gun Kare Mon"
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
!scope="row"| ''Abhimaan''
|29
|"Sajre Sepai Saj"
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Amar Kantak]]''
|30
| "Ei Dhinak Dhinak"
| Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''Artanad''
|31
|"Ram Rahin John"
|rowspan=2| Rabin Banerjee
|rowspan=2| Rabin Banerjee and Chandan Mukherjee
|
|
|
|-
|32
|"Shurjer Moton Hobo Ujjal (Male Version)"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Bouma''
|33
|"Aaj Jai Kalke Abar"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|Ranjit Dey
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|''Dui Adhyay''
|34
|"O Byata Thater Thakur"
|rowspan=3| Soumitra Banerjee
|rowspan=2| Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|
|
|
|-
|35
|"E Raat Phire Aasbe Na"
|rowspan=2| Indrani Ganguly
|
|
|-
|36
|"Boli Ogo Bamun Thakur"
|Hiren Bose
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Parinati''
|37
|"Mon Chute Jai"
|Ajoy Das
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|[[Arundhati Holme Chowdhury]]
|
|
|-
|rowspan=9|1987
! scope="row" rowspan=5| ''Gayak''
|38
|"Jibaner Aanka Banka"
|rowspan=5|Rabin Banerjee
|rowspan=5|Shibdas Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
|39
|"Hey Akash Tumi Shono"
|
|
|
|-
|40
|"Bhalobasar Swargo" (Tumi Ami Gopone)
|
|
|
|-
|41
|"Jowar Ekhono Aase Nai Tai"
|
|
|
|-
|42
|"Chayan Pare Nahi"
|
|
|A Hindi Song in a Bengali film
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''Jar Je Priya''
|43
|"Biroher Topto Kholay"
|rowspan=2|Mirnal Banerjee
|rowspan=2|Bibhuti Mukherjee
|
|
|
|-
|44
|"Tomar Moto Premi Amar"
|Chandrani Mukherjee
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Mouna Mukhar''
|45
|"Ek Ekke Ek"
|Abhijit Banerjee
|Shibdas Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Paap Punya''
|46
|"Ki Katha Ekhon Boli"
|Ajoy Das
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|Sreeradha Bandyopadhyay
|
|
|-
|rowspan=16| 1988
! scope="row" rowspan=3| ''Aaghat''
|47
|"E Kemon Sukher Kanta"
|rowspan=5|Mirnal Banerjee
|rowspan=3|Deb Singha
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
|48
|"Nacho Nacho Sudhu Nacho"
|[[Usha Mangeshkar]]
|
|
|-
|49
|"Ja Phire Ja Sukh Re Tui"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''Channachara''
|50
|"Amra Baire Channachara"
|rowspan=2|Shibdas Banerjee and Tapash Dutta
|
|
|
|-
|51
|"Keno Bolte Paro"
|Shubhra Dutta
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Dena Pawna''
|52
|"Pithe Niye Rajar Kumar"
|Ajoy Das
|Pulak Bandyopadhyay
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3| ''Kidnap''
|53
|"Bou Jodi Hoy Surponokha Re"
|rowspan=3|Rabin Banerjee
|rowspan=3|Miltu Ghosh
|
|
|
|-
|54
|"Ma Ki Karo Haray Sona" (Duet)
|Arundhati Holme Chowdhury
|
|
|-
|55
|"Ma Ki Karo Haray Sona" (Solo)
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Maa Ek Mandir''
|56
|"Bhule Gechi Hindu"
|Ajoy Das
|Shibdas Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Ora Charjon]]''
|57
|"Ei Duniyay Bache Pran"
|Arun Rabin
|Jatileswar Mkhopadhyay or Pulak Banerjee
|Krishna Das
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Parashmoni]]''
|58
|"Hey Ghora Tik Tik Tik"
|[[Hemant Kumar|Hemanta Mukherjee]]
|[[Tarun Majumdar]]
|Dayna Das
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Punarmilan''
|59
|"Kapad Chai Kapad"
|rowspan=2| Kanu Bhattacharya
|rowspan=2| Pulak Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
|60
|"Swapna Purir Ek Chotto Ghare"
|Arundhati Holme Chowdhury
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Tumi Kato Sundar''
|61
|"Swapaner Mallika"
|rowspan=2|Mrinal Banerjee
|rowspan=2|Pulak Banerjee
|[[Anupama Deshpande]]
|
|
|-
|62
|"Pran Nache Ei Mon Nache"
|Usha Mangeshkar
|
|
|-
|rowspan=28|1989
! scope="row"|''Amar Shapath''
|63
|"Ei Sagorer Dheu Jodi"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|Shankar Ghosh
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Aamar Tumi|Amar Tumi]]''
|64
|"Bhalo Bashi Bhalo Bashi"
|rowspan=2|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
|Pulak Banerjee
|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Agni Trishna''
|65
|"Aaj Ke Shiber Chaturdashi
|Bhabesh Kundu
|[[Alka Yagnik]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Aakrosh''
|66
|"Baje Dhol Takdhina Dhin"
|R.D. Burman
|Pulak Banerjee
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Amanat''
|67
|"Atom Boma Phatey Ni"
|rowspan=2|Amit Kumar
|rowspan=2|Sapan Chakraborty
|
|
|
|-
|68
|"Tumi Amar Aami Tomar"
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Amar Prem (1989 film)|Amar Prem]]''
|69
|"Amar Amar Ar Bhebo Na"
|Bappi Lahiri
|Pulak Banerjee
|Chandrani Mukherjee
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Angar''
|70
|"Tomar Moner Kache" (Duet Version)
|rowspan=2|Mrinal Banerjee
|rowspan=2|Tapash Dutta
|Shubra Dutta
|
|
|-
|71
|"Tomar Moner Kache" (Solo Version, Version 1)
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|''Bandini''
|72
|"Sutapa I Love You"
|rowspan=3| Kanu Bhattacharya
|rowspan=3| Pulak Banerjee
|rowspan=2| Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
|73
|"Ei Kache Aasbey"
|
|
|-
|74
|"Bah Ki Sundar Abhinoy"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|''Jhankar''
|75
|"Ei Elakay Bas Kori Ma"
|rowspan=2|R.D. Burman
|rowspan=2|Sapan Chakraborty
|Anuradha Paudwal
|
|
|-
|76
|"Shono Shono Gunijan"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|''Judge Saheb'' ''(Jaj Saheb)''
|77
|"Aami Eka Boro Eka"
|rowspan=3|Ajoy Das
|rowspan=3|Pulak Banerjee
|rowspan=2|
|
|
|-
|78
|"Manjhe Manjhe Sona Rodh"
|
|
|-
|79
|"Mon Jodi Chaye"
|Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=4|''[[Aakhri Baazi|Mastan]]''
|80
|"Jiboner Juaa Khela"
|rowspan=4|[[Anu Malik]]
|rowspan=4|Mukul Dutt
|
|
|rowspan=4|Bengali dubbed version
|-
|81
|"Ramer Bhai Lokhon"
|[[Suresh Wadkar]]
|
|-
|82
|"Chupi Chupi Kono Chor"
|[[Sadhana Sargam]]
|
|-
|83
|"Halka Halka Daag Daag"
|Suresh Wadkar, Sadhana Sargam
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Mone Mone]]''
|84
|"Mon Niye Jete Jete"
|Kanu Bhattacharya
|Pulak Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Monimala''
|85
|"Amar Jiboner Judhey"
|Sapan-Jagmohan
|Mukul Dutt
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Nayanmoni''
|86
|"Sundari Je Uthlo"
|rowspan=5|Bappi Lahiri
|rowspan=2|Pulak Banerjee
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''Pronomi Tomay''
|87
|"Chand Utheche Phul Futeche"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|''Sansar''
|88
|"Heley To Aachi Ar Koto Helbo"
|rowspan=3|Mukul Dutta
|Usha Mangeshkar
|
|
|-
|89
|"Jibon Madhab Moron Madhab"
|Debu Mukherjee, Swapna Mukherjee
|
|
|-
|90
|"Tomar Janma Din Asuk"
|Shailendra Singh, Chandrani Mukherjee
|
|
|-
|rowspan=12|1990
! scope="row" rowspan=2| ''[[Mandira (film)|Mandira]]''
|88
| "Dhin Dhina Dhin Tak Dhina"
| rowspan=2|[[Bappi Lahiri]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pulak Bandyopadhyay]]
| [[Shabbir Kumar]]
|
|
|-
|89
| "Tomay Chere Ami
| [[Alka Yagnik]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''[[Apan Amar Apan]]''
|90
| "Andhare Kakhan Eshe"
| rowspan=8|[[R. D. Burman]]
| rowspan=2|[[Gauriprasanna Mazumder]]
|
|
|
|-
|91
| "Emono Prahar Ashe"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row" Rowspan=6|''[[Andha Bichar]]''
|92
| "Ae Jhil Mil Jhil Mil"
| rowspan=6| Swapan Chakraborty
| Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
|93
| "Buli Na Maa Dure Theke"
|
|
|
|-
|94
| "Amar Jibone Tumi Ele"
| [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|
|
|-
|95
| "Jodi Pawa Jaye"
| Asha Bhosle
|
|
|-
|96
| "Aashun Aashun Kheye Dekhun"
|
|
|
|-
|97
| "Tui Jodi Go Mohamaya"
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"|''[[Badnam]]''
|98
| "Priya Priya Tumi Je Amar Priya"
| rowspan="2" | Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="2" | Pulak Bandopadhyay
| Alka Yagnik
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''Raktareen''
|99
| "Jadi Maler M L A Hote"
| [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Sapna Mukherjee]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1991
! scope="row"| ''Bourani''
|100
| "Kende Kende Bole Nari"
| R. D. Burman
| Bhavesh Kundu
| [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | ''Rin Shodh''
|101
| "Bhije Gechhi Jete Jete"
| rowspan="3" | [[Rajesh Roshan]]
| rowspan="3" | Mukul Dutt
|Sadhana Sargam
|
|<ref>[https://gaana.com/album/rin-shodh Rin Shodh movie songs at Gaana]</ref>
|-
|102
|"Haate Chhuyeche"
|Sapna Mukherjee
|
|
|-
|103
|"Doctor Der Julus Alo"
|Jolly Mukherjee, Sadhana Sargam
|
|
|-
| 1992
! scope="row"| ''[[Mayabini]]''
|104
|"Aaj Madhu Sondhay"
| colspan="2" | Tanmoy Chatterjee
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1995
! scope="row" Rowspan=2|''[[Sangharsha (1995 film)|Sangharsha]]''
|105
| "Dudher Badshah"
|rowspan=2|Bappi Lahiri
| rowspan="2" | [[Anjan Choudhury]]
| Bappi Lahiri
|
|
|-
|106
| "Tol Re Tol"
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan=1| 1996
! scope="row"|''[[Tomake Chai]]''
|107
| "Tumi Amay Korte Sukhi Jibone"
| colspan=2| [[Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul]]
| Anuradha Paudwal
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2| 1999
! scope="row" Rowspan=2| ''Sobar Ajante''
|108
| "Tumi Chhile, Achho Toh"
| rowspan=2| Emon Saha
| rowspan=2| Moniruzzaman Monir
| Shriram
|
|
|-
|109
| "Tomar Dorbar Theke"
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan=3|2005
! scope="row"| ''[[Porinam]]''
|110
| "Du Diner Eai Jibontate"
| Babul Bose
| rowspan="2" | Gautam Sushmit
|
|
|<ref>[https://music.apple.com/us/album/porinam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1611060233 Porinam (2005) movie songs]</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Raju Uncle]]''
|111
| "Bhut Kimbhoot Mar Mar Janta"
| Ashok Raj
|
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Swapno]]''
|112
| "Bidhi Re Ei Kheya"
| Shyamal Mitra, Madhu Mukherjee
| Gauriprasanna Mazumder
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2006
! scope="row"Rowspan=3|''[[MLA Fatakeshto]]''
|113
| "Bibi Asol Hero"
| rowspan="6" |[[Jeet Gannguli]]
| rowspan="6" | Gautam Sushmit
|
|
|
|-
|114
| "Ami MLA Fatakeshto
|
|
|
|-
|115
| "Khusir Aalo"
| rowspan="2" | [[Pamela Jain]]
|
|
|-
! scope="row"| ''[[Refugee (2006 film)|Refugee]]''
|116
| "E Keora"
|
|
|-
!''[[Ghatak (2006 film)|Ghatak]]''
|117
|"Aaj Tora Sesh Dinete"
|
|
|
|-
| 2007
! scope="row" | ''[[Nabab Nandini (film)|Nabab Nandini]]''
|118
| "Aami Aachi Sneha Mamata"
|
|
|
|-
| 2009
! scope="row" | ''Olot Palot''
|119
|"Jhinkur Kur"
| Rocket Mondal
|
|
|
|
|-
| 2013
! scope="row" | ''[[Ashchorjyo Prodeep]]''
|120
| "Charidik Bodle Gechhe The Car Song"
| Raja Narayan Deb
|[[Anik Dutta]]
|
|
|
|-
| 2022
! scope="row" | ''[[Kacher Manush]]''
|121
| "Are Are Bondhu"
| colspan="2" | Nilayan Chatterjee
| [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
|
|
|-
|2024
!''[[Shontaan]]''
|122
|"Thakur Thakbe Kotokkhon"
|Jeet Gannguli
|Priyo Chattopadhyay
|
|
|
|}

== Non-film songs ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%;"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year
! scope="col" style="width:12%;" | Title
! scope="col" style="width:23%;" | Song
! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Composer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:16%;" | Writer(s)
! scope="col" style="width:18%;" | Co-artist(s)
! scope="col" style="width:20%;" |Note
! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |{{Reference column heading}}
|-
|2017–present
!scope="row"|''[[Guru aur Bhole|Guru Aur Bhole]]''
|Various tracks
|Amit Kumar, Ravindra Shinde
|[[Sameer Anjaan|Sameer]], I. P. Singh, [[Vayu Shrivastav]], Amit Senchoudhoury, Timir Bakshi
|Various
|Animated series
|''<ref>{{Cite web|last=KBR|first=Upala|date=2017-05-27|title=Kishore Kumar's son lends voice to an animation character inspired by his father|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kishore-kumar-s-son-lends-voice-to-an-animation-character-inspired-by-his-father-2452055|access-date=2021-08-18|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref>''
|}

==See also==
*[[List of songs recorded by Kishore Kumar]]
*[[List of songs recorded by Udit Narayan]]
*[[Bollywood selected discography of Udit Narayan]]
*[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya#Discography|Abhijeet Bhattacharya Discography]]
*[[Sonu Nigam discography]]
*[[List of songs recorded by Alka Yagnik]]
*[[List of songs recorded by Mohammed Rafi (T)]]
*[[List of songs recorded by Anuradha Paudwal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Amit}}
[[Category:Lists of songs recorded by Indian singers]]

2000–01 Ranji Trophy

2026-05-01T11:28:06Z

CathernQsh: Created New Article

{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2000–01 Ranji Trophy
| image = Ranji_trophy.jpg
| imagesize = 285px
| fromdate =
| todate =
| caption = The Ranji Trophy, which the winners get.
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = League and [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| host =
| champions = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]<ref name="champions"/>
| count = 5
| participants = 27
| matches =
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs = [[Yere Goud]] (Railways) (901)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 2000/01 / Records / Most runs |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI_AVS_BAT_MOST_RUNS.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref>
| most wickets = [[Dodda Ganesh]] (Karnataka) (37)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranji Trophy, 2000/01 / Records / Most wickets |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/STATS/IND_LOCAL_RJI_AVS_BOWL_MOST_WKTS.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref>
| website =
| previous_year = 1999–00
| previous_tournament = 1999–00 Ranji Trophy
| next_year = 2001–02
| next_tournament = 2001–02 Ranji Trophy
}}

The '''2000–01 Ranji Trophy''' was the 67th season of the [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Changes suggested in Ranji, Duleep format|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/106027.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=9 May 2001|access-date=11 October 2018}}</ref> Baroda won their first title in 44 years beating Railways by 21 runs in the final. Baroda conceded a first innings lead of 151 runs, but Railways were bowled out in the second innings by [[Zaheer Khan]] who took five wickets for 43 runs.<ref name="champions">{{cite web|last=S|first=Santosh|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/95486.html|title=Zaheer Khan bowls Baroda to Ranji Trophy glory|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=23 April 2001|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

==Zonal stage==
;Central Zone
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/CENTRAL/RJI-C_2000-01_TABLE.html|title=Ranji Trophy Central Zone Table - 2000–01|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|A|Abandoned}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''23'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''21'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''19'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| 4 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 0 || '''14'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || '''3'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Top three teams advanced to the [[#Knockout stage|knockout stage]].

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;East Zone
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/EAST/RJI-E_2000-01_POINTS-TABLE.html|title=Ranji Trophy East Zone Table - 2000–01|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|A|Abandoned}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| 4 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0 || '''29'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''19'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || '''18'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bihar cricket team|Bihar]]
| 4 || 0 || 1 || 3 || 0 || '''11'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tripura cricket team|Tripura]]
| 4 || 0 || 3 || 1 || 0 || '''3'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Top three teams advanced to the [[#Knockout stage|knockout stage]].

;North Zone
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/NORTH/RJI-N_2000-01_TABLE.html|title=Ranji Trophy North Zone Table - 2000–01|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|A|Abandoned}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || '''40'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 0 || '''29'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|{{cr-IND|jak}}
| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 || '''24'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Haryana cricket team|Haryana]]
| 5 || 0 || 2 || 3 || 0 || '''13'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Himachal Pradesh cricket team|Himachal Pradesh]]
| 5 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 0 || '''8'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Services cricket team|Services]]
| 5 || 0 || 3 || 2 || 0 || '''6'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Top three teams advanced to the [[#Knockout stage|knockout stage]].

{{col-2}}
;West Zone
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/WEST/RJI-W_2000-01_POINTS-TABLE.html|title=Ranji Trophy West Zone Table - 2000–01|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|A|Abandoned}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''21'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 0 || '''20'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| 4 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''19'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Gujarat cricket team|Gujarat]]
| 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || '''14'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| 4 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 0 || '''6'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Top three teams advanced to the [[#Knockout stage|knockout stage]].

;South Zone
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="width:120px"|Team<ref name=RPoints>{{cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2000-01/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/SOUTH/RJI-S_2000-01_TABLE.html|title=Ranji Trophy South Zone Table - 2000–01|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=6 August 2018}}</ref>
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pld|Played}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|W|Won}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|L|Lost}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|D|Draw}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|A|Abandoned}}
! style="width:25px"|{{abbr|Pts|Points}}
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| 5 || 1 || 0 || 3 || 1 || '''26'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| 5 || 2 || 0 || 3 || 0 || '''25'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|style="text-align:left"|[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| 5 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 0 || '''24'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| 5 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 0 || '''21'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| 5 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || '''19'''
|-
|style="text-align:left"|[[Goa cricket team|Goa]]
| 5 || 0 || 4 || 1 || 0 || '''3'''
|}
* {{Color box|#cfc|border=darkgray}} Top three teams advanced to the [[#Knockout stage|knockout stage]].
{{col-end}}

==Knockout stage==
The draw for the quarter-finals were made after the final zonal-stage match, with the following fixtures announced.<ref name="QFdraw">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/104834.html|title=Keen contests likely in Ranji Trophy pre-quarterfinals|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=9 March 2001|access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.bcci.tv/ranji-trophy-2000-01/results|title=Ranji Trophy 2000–01 / Results|publisher=Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)|access-date=10 October 2018|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133431/http://www.bcci.tv/ranji-trophy-2000-01/results|url-status=dead}}</ref> The fixtures in the knockout stage of the tournament are played across five days, instead of four days in the zonal stage.<ref name="QFdraw"/>

{{16TeamBracket
| seed-width = 25px
| team-width = 125px
| score-width = 80px
| RD1 = Round of 16
| RD2 = Quarterfinals
| RD3 = Semifinals
| RD4 = Final

| RD1-seed01 = '''WZ3'''
| RD1-team01 = '''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD1-score01 = '''467 & 355'''
| RD1-seed02 = EZ3
| RD1-team02 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| RD1-score02 = 247 & 353

| RD1-seed03 = '''SZ1'''
| RD1-team03 = '''[[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]'''
| RD1-score03 = '''592 & 518/8d'''
| RD1-seed04 = NZ2
| RD1-team04 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| RD1-score04 = 365 & 149/1

| RD1-seed05 = '''CZ3'''
| RD1-team05 = '''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''
| RD1-score05 = '''490 & 291'''
| RD1-seed06 = SZ2
| RD1-team06 = [[Hyderabad cricket team|Hyderabad]]
| RD1-score06 = 382 & 50/2

| RD1-seed07 = '''EZ1'''
| RD1-team07 = '''[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]'''
| RD1-score07 = '''501 & 299/4d'''
| RD1-seed08 = NZ3
| RD1-team08 = {{cr-IND|jak}}
| RD1-score08 = 151 & 229

| RD1-seed09 = CZ1
| RD1-team09 = [[Rajasthan cricket team|Rajasthan]]
| RD1-score09 = 111 & 306
| RD1-seed10 = '''NZ1'''
| RD1-team10 = '''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''
| RD1-score10 = '''429'''

| RD1-seed11 = '''WZ1'''
| RD1-team11 = '''[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]'''<ref name="bye" group="nb">Mumbai got bye in Round of 16 on the virtue of winning [[1999–2000 Ranji Trophy]].</ref>
| RD1-score11 =
| RD1-seed12 =
| RD1-team12 = bye
| RD1-score12 =

| RD1-seed13 = '''CZ2'''
| RD1-team13 = '''[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD1-score13 = '''431 & 657/5'''
| RD1-seed14 = WZ2
| RD1-team14 = [[Maharashtra cricket team|Maharashtra]]
| RD1-score14 = 308

| RD1-seed15 = EZ2
| RD1-team15 = [[Assam cricket team|Assam]]
| RD1-score15 = 321 & 134
| RD1-seed16 = '''SZ3'''
| RD1-team16 = '''[[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]'''
| RD1-score16 = '''312 & 144/3'''

| RD2-seed01 = '''WZ3'''
| RD2-team01 = '''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD2-score01 = '''324 & 184'''
| RD2-seed02 = SZ1
| RD2-team02 = [[Tamil Nadu cricket team|Tamil Nadu]]
| RD2-score02 = 186 & 162

| RD2-seed03 = CZ3
| RD2-team03 = [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| RD2-score03 = 437 & 233/9d
| RD2-seed04 = '''EZ1'''
| RD2-team04 = '''[[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]'''
| RD2-score04 = '''479 & 192/3'''

| RD2-seed05 = '''NZ1'''
| RD2-team05 = '''[[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]'''
| RD2-score05 = '''383 & 322'''
| RD2-seed06 = WZ1
| RD2-team06 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| RD2-score06 = 285 & 213

| RD2-seed07 = '''CZ2'''
| RD2-team07 = '''[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD2-score07 = '''451 & 418/9d'''
| RD2-seed08 = SZ3
| RD2-team08 = [[Karnataka cricket team|Karnataka]]
| RD2-score08 = 237 & 279/4

| RD3-seed01 = '''WZ3'''
| RD3-team01 = '''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD3-score01 = '''568 & 409'''
| RD3-seed02 = EZ1
| RD3-team02 = [[Orissa cricket team|Orissa]]
| RD3-score02 = 280 & 361/5

| RD3-seed03 = NZ1
| RD3-team03 = [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]]
| RD3-score03 = '''249 & 356'''
| RD3-seed04 = '''CZ2'''
| RD3-team04 = '''[[Railways cricket team|Railways]]'''
| RD3-score04 = '''407 & 199/5'''

| RD4-seed01 = '''WZ3'''
| RD4-team01 = '''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD4-score01 = '''243 & 373'''
| RD4-seed02 = CZ2
| RD4-team02 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| RD4-score02 = 394 & 201
}}

===Final===
{{Test match
| date = 19–23 April 2001
| team2 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team1 = [[Railways cricket team|Railways]]
| score-team1-inns1 = '''243 (64.1 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns1 = [[Connor Williams (cricketer)|Connor Williams]] 65
| wickets-team1-inns1 = [[Harvinder Singh (cricketer)|Harvinder Singh]] 4/59
| score-team2-inns1 = '''394 (135 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns1 = [[Murali Kartik]] 79
| wickets-team2-inns1 = [[Valmik Buch]] 3/86
| score-team1-inns2 = '''373 (124 overs)'''
| runs-team1-inns2 = [[Satyajit Parab]] 141
| wickets-team1-inns2 = [[Tejinder Singh (cricketer)|T. P. Singh]] 4/82
| score-team2-inns2 = '''201 (64.2 overs)'''
| runs-team2-inns2 = [[Sudhir Wankhede]] 58
| wickets-team2-inns2 = [[Zaheer Khan]] 5/43
| result = Baroda won by 21 runs
| venue = [[Gujarat State Fertilizer Corporation Ground]], [[Vadodara]]
| umpires = [[Jasbir Singh (cricketer)|Jasbir Singh]], [[Shavir Tarapore]]
| motm = [[Zaheer Khan]] (Baroda)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8050/scorecard/95385 Scorecard]
| toss = Baroda won the toss and decided to field
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==Scorecards and averages==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/1/Ranji_Trophy_2000-01.html CricketArchive]

==Notes==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=nb}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Ranji Trophy Seasons}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranji Trophy, 2000-01}}
[[Category:2000 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2001 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2000–01]]
[[Category:Ranji Trophy seasons]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Malegaon Municipal Corporation

2026-04-30T14:13:43Z

CathernQsh: quick corrected content per standard format additionally and updated info

{{Short description|Local civic body in Malegaon, Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Malegaon Municipal Corporation
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| body = Malegaon
| leader1_type = Mayor
| leader1 = Sheikh Nasreen Khalid
| party1 = [[Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra|ISLAM]]
| leader2_type = Deputy Mayor
| leader2 = Nihal Ahmed
| party2 = [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Ravindra Jadhav, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| members = 84
| structure1 = [[File:India Maharashtra Malegaon Municipal Corporation Election 2026.svg|300px]]
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (43)'''
:*{{Color box|Green}} [[Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra|ISLAM]] (35)
:*{{Party legend|Samajwadi Party|5}}
:*{{Party legend|Indian National Congress|3}}
'''Opposition (41)'''
:*{{Party legend|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|21}}
:*{{Color box|{{Party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}}} [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]] (18)
:*{{Party legend|Bharatiya Janata Party|2}}
| last_election1 = [[2026 Malegaon Municipal Corporation election|15 January 2026]]
| next_election1 = 2031
| website = {{url|https://malegaoncorporation.org/}}
}}

The '''Malegaon Municipal Corporation''' is the governing body of the city of [[Malegaon]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]]. The [[municipal corporation]] consists of democratically elected members, is headed by a mayor and administers the city's infrastructure, public services and police. Members from the state's major various political parties hold elected offices in the corporation. Malegaon Municipal Corporation has been formed with [[Municipal corporation (India)#Functions|functions]] to improve the infrastructure of town. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras ([[Chennai]]) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay ([[Mumbai]]) and Calcutta ([[Kolkata]]) by 1762.<ref name="May ref5">{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anupam |title=City Mayors: Indian Mayors |url=http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/indian-mayors.html |access-date=29 October 2021 |publisher=citymayors.com}}</ref>

== Revenue sources ==
The following are the Income sources for the corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="Ma11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ma12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ma13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

==List of Mayor==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center"
|+
! S.No.
! Name
! colspan="3" | Term
! colspan="2" | Party
|- style="text-align:center"
| 1
| [[Nihal Ahmed Maulavi Mohammed Usman|Nihal Ahmed Usman]]
| 15 June 2002
| 18 February 2005
| {{ayd|15 June 2002|18 February 2005}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 2
| Asif Sheikh Rashid
| 18 February 2005
| 15 July 2007
| {{ayd|18 February 2005|15 July 2007}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 3
| Najmuddin Sheikh Gulsher
| 15 June 2007
| 15 December 2009
| {{ayd|15 June 2007|15 December 2009}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 4
| A. Malik Mo. Yunus
| 15 December 2009
| 14 June 2012
| {{ayd|15 December 2009|14 June 2012}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 5
| Tahera Sheikh Rashid
| 15 June 2012
| 15 December 2014
| {{ayd|15 June 2012|15 December 2014}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 6
| Haji Mo. Ibrahim Haji Mo. Yasin
| 13 December 2014
| 15 June 2017
| {{ayd|13 December 2014|15 June 2017}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 7
| Sheikh Rashid Sheikh Shafi
| 15 June 2017
| 14 December 2019
| {{ayd|15 June 2017|14 December 2019}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 8
| Tahera Sheikh Rashid
| 15 December 2019
| 13 June 2022
| {{ayd|15 December 2019|13 June 2022}}
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
| 9
| Sheikh Nasreen Khalid
| 7 February 2026
| ''Incumbent''
| {{ayd|7 February 2026}}
|{{Party name with color|Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra}}
|}

==List of Deputy Mayor==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center"
|+
! #
! Name
! colspan="2" | Term
! colspan="2" | Party
|- style="text-align:center"
| 1
| Nihal Ahmed
| 7 February 2026
| {{ayd|07 February 2026}}
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
|- style="text-align:center"
|}

==List of Chairman, Standing Committee==

{{Empty section|date=November 2022}}

== Corporation Election 2026 ==
=== Political Performance in Election 2026 ===
{{detail|2026 Malegaon Municipal Corporation election}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|- valign="top"
! colspan="4" |Party
! colspan="3" |Seats
|-
!colspan="2"|Flag
!Name
!Symbol
!Won
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra}}
|
|[[Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra]]
|
|35
|-
|{{Party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|[[File:AIMIM FLAG.png|50x50px]]
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|50x50px]]
|21
|-
|{{Party color cell|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| [[File:Logo_of_Shiv_Sena.svg|50x50px]]
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena (SHS)]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow2.svg|50x50px]]
|18
|-
|{{Party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[File:SP Flag.png|50x50px]]
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|[[File:Indian Election Symbol Cycle.png|50x50px]]
|5
|-
|{{Party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[File:Indian National Congress Flag.svg|50x50px]]
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|[[File:Hand INC.svg|50x50px]]
|3
|-
|{{Party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[File:BJP Flag.svg|50x50px]]
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|[[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|50x50px]]
|2
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
!colspan="4" |Total
!84
|-
|}

===Mayor & Deputy Mayor Voting Results===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Post !! Winner !! Party !! Votes Polled !! Opponent !! Party !! Votes Polled
|-
| Mayor || Sheikh Nasreen Khalid || ISLAM || 43 || Lata Ghodke || Shiv Sena || 18
|-
| Deputy Mayor || Nihal Ahmed || SP || 43 || Adv. Nilesh Kakde || Shiv Sena || 18
|}

===Voting Notes===
* Support for the winners came from:
** [[Indian Secular Largest Assembly of Maharashtra]] (35)
** [[Samajwadi Party]] (5)
** [[Indian National Congress]] (3)

* [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] and [[BJP]] abstained from voting.

Sources: <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/two-women-elected-mayor-dy-mayor-in-malegaon/articleshow/128043582.cms</ref><ref>https://www.siasat.com/women-win-both-mayor-and-deputy-mayor-posts-in-malegaon-3338325/</ref><ref>https://theprint.in/india/women-elected-as-mayor-as-well-as-dy-mayor-in-malegaon/2848617/</ref>

== Corporation Election 2017 ==
=== Political Performance in Election 2017 ===
Malegaon Municipal Corporation elections were conducted in May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 July 2013 |archive-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529095752/http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators
|-
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) || || 28
|-
| 02 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] || 20
|-
| 03 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 12
|-
| 04 || [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] (BJP) |||| 09
|-
| 05 || [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Kite.svg|75px]] || 07
|-
| 06 || [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] || || 07
|-

|}

== Corporation Election 2012 ==

=== Political Performance in Election 2012 ===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!S.No. !! Party name !! Party flag or symbol !! Number of Corporators<ref>[http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529095752/http://www.mahasec.com/marathi/results.pdf |date=29 May 2013 }}. mahasec.com</ref>
|-
| 01 || [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) || || 25
|-
| 02 || [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP) || [[File:NCP-flag.svg|75px]] || 22
|-
| 03 || [[Shiv Sena]] (SS) || [[File:Indian Election Symbol Bow And Arrow.svg|75px]] || 11
|-
| 04 || [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] (MNS) || [[File:Flag of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena.svg|75px]] || 02
|-
| 05 || Other State Parties || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 05
|-
| 06 || Other Registered Parties || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 20
|-
| 07 || Independents || [[File:No flag.svg|75px]] || 09
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal Corporations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Malegaon]]
[[Category:Municipal corporations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Nongstoin Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:35:11Z

CathernQsh: Adding a stub

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nongstoin
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| type= SLA
| map_image = Nongstoin Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 32
| district = [[West Khasi Hills district|West Khasi Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shillong Lok Sabha constituency|Shillong]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Gabriel Wahlang]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:43120}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Nongstoin''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref>

It is part of [[West Khasi Hills district|West Khasi Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. As of 2025, its representative is [[Gabriel Wahlang]] of the [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref name=election2023/>{{update after|2028|4}}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan=4|Assam
|-
|[[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]]
|{{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
!colspan=4|Meghalaya
|-
| [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Francis K. Mawlot || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Endro Lawphniaw || {{Full party name with color|Hill State People's Democratic Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=7 | [[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]]
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || Macmillan Byrsat || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Gabriel Wahlang]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gabriel Wahlang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,847 |percentage=35.26% |change={{increase}}6.87 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Macmillan Byrsat |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=11,223 |percentage=28.58% |change={{increase}}0.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Polestar Nongsiej |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=7,505 |percentage=19.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bobby Boldrick Kharchandy |party=Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya) |votes=3,755 |percentage=9.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjied Kynsai Shangrit |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,390 |percentage=3.54% |change={{decrease}}18.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Macmillan Kharbani |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=1,091 |percentage=2.78% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diosstarness Jyndiang |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=253 |percentage=0.64% |change={{decrease}}0.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=364 |percentage=1.48% |change={{increase}}0.33 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,624 |percentage=6.68% |change= {{increase}}6.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,273 |percentage=91.08% |change= {{decrease}}1.16 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,120 |ref = |change= {{increase}}22.42 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{increase}}6.68 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Macmillan Byrsat |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,284 |percentage=28.58% |change={{increase}}26.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gabriel Wahlang]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,224 |percentage=28.39% |change={{decrease}}6.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Diosstarness Jyndiang |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=7,261 |percentage=22.35% |change={{decrease}}23.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Goodleaderson Nongsiej |party=People's Democratic Front (Meghalaya) |votes=5,224 |percentage=16.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arphul Kharbani |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=393 |percentage=1.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=231 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=60 |percentage=0.18% |change= {{decrease}}10.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,488 |percentage=92.24% |change= {{increase}}2.71 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,222 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.49 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}17.01 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=10,931 |percentage=45.58% |change={{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adviser Pariong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,475 |percentage=35.34% |change={{increase}}20.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nasar Marwein |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=3,864 |percentage=16.11% |change={{decrease}}1.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Setsingh Dkhar |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=584 |percentage=2.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mathiewly Nongrem |party=Independent politician |votes=127 |percentage=0.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,456 |percentage=10.24% |change= {{decrease}}9.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,981 |percentage=89.53% |change= {{increase}}9.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,786 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}23.45 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=10,537 |percentage=37.78% |change={{increase}}1.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=David Hamar Marwein |party=Independent politician |votes=4,949 |percentage=17.74% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=4,855 |percentage=17.41% |change={{increase}}9.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=J. T. Stormding Thongni |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,111 |percentage=14.74% |change={{decrease}}18.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nicholas Marwein |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,945 |percentage=6.97% |change={{decrease}}2.34 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jepprin D. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,061 |percentage=3.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Livingstone R. Marak |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=287 |percentage=1.03% |change={{decrease}}0.38 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,588 |percentage=20.04% |change= {{increase}}17.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,890 |percentage=79.71% |change= {{increase}}18.82 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,990 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.53 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}1.71 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=7,495 |percentage=36.07% |change={{decrease}}7.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,001 |percentage=33.69% |change={{increase}}9.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nondi Diengngan |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=1,935 |percentage=9.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Everald D. Nongsiang |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,630 |percentage=7.84% |change={{decrease}}0.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Morningstar Tympuin |party=Meghalaya Democratic Party |votes=1,285 |percentage=6.18% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shanborlang Lyngdoh |party=Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement |votes=1,141 |percentage=5.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Didimus Sohphoh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=293 |percentage=1.41% |change={{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=494 |percentage=2.38% |change= {{decrease}}17.16 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,780 |percentage=60.90% |change= {{decrease}}2.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,126 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.58 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}7.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=8,688 |percentage=43.67% |change={{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jesparwell Dkhar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,802 |percentage=24.14% |change={{increase}}1.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Independent politician |votes=4,411 |percentage=22.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Everald D. Nongsiang |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,680 |percentage=8.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopestandard Myrthong |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=314 |percentage=1.58% |change={{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,886 |percentage=19.53% |change= {{increase}}3.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,895 |percentage=65.67% |change= {{decrease}}1.32 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,143 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.99 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.45 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=8,644 |percentage=45.12% |change={{decrease}}3.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Independent politician |votes=5,511 |percentage=28.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. N. Diengngan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,323 |percentage=22.56% |change={{decrease}}19.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Endro Tawphniaw |party=Independent politician |votes=443 |percentage=2.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopestandard Myrthong |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=237 |percentage=1.24% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,133 |percentage=16.35% |change= {{increase}}10.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=19,158 |percentage=66.97% |change= {{increase}}9.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,382 |ref = |change= {{increase}}25.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=6,276 |percentage=48.52% |change={{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,487 |percentage=42.42% |change={{increase}}29.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mak Thongni |party=Hill People's Union |votes=846 |percentage=6.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hopestandard Myrthong |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=122 |percentage=0.94% |change={{decrease}}0.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sholandar Shangoi (Syiem) |party=Independent politician |votes=121 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rostarwell Thabah |party=Communist Party of India |votes=47 |percentage=0.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bidingdro Myrthong |party=Independent politician |votes=35 |percentage=0.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=789 |percentage=6.10% |change= {{decrease}}12.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,934 |percentage=56.69% |change= {{decrease}}0.54 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 23,371 |ref = |change= {{increase}}21.25 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{increase}}9.37 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Hopingstone Lyngdoh]] |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=4,218 |percentage=39.16% |change={{decrease}}21.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Mawlot |party=Independent politician |votes=2,262 |percentage=21.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mak Thongni |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,134 |percentage=19.81% |change={{increase}}9.60 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prelly Marthong |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,384 |percentage=12.85% |change={{decrease}}12.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Artfulson Dkhar |party=Independent politician |votes=625 |percentage=5.80% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wespar Pariong |party=Public Demands Implementation Convention |votes=149 |percentage=1.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,956 |percentage=18.16% |change= {{decrease}}17.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,772 |percentage=59.75% |change= {{decrease}}2.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 19,275 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.91 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Hill State People's Democratic Party |swing= {{decrease}}21.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Endro Lawphniaw |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=5,864 |percentage=60.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,413 |percentage=24.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prelly Marthong |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=988 |percentage=10.21% |change={{decrease}}7.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nondi Diengngan |party=Independent politician |votes=415 |percentage=4.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,451 |percentage=35.65% |change= {{decrease}}29.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,680 |percentage=59.76% |change= {{decrease}}0.88 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 16,629 |ref = |change= {{increase}}123.87 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Hill State People's Democratic Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}22.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Nongstoin<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Francis K. Mawlot |party=Independent politician |votes=3,630 |percentage=82.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ledishon Nongsiang |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=759 |percentage=17.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,871 |percentage=65.41% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,389 |percentage=60.73% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,428 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
* [[West Khasi Hills district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|25.53|91.25|display=title}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

[[Category:West Khasi Hills district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Kantabanji Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:07:20Z

CathernQsh: new...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Kantabanji}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kantabanji
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 70
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Northern Division
| district = [[Balangir district|Balangir]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bolangir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bolangir]]
| established = 1961
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Laxman Bag]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 3,50,47{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Kantabanji''' is a [[Legislative Assembly of Odisha|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly|constituency]] of [[Balangir district]], [[Odisha]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=70|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108072905/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=70|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 November 2023|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Kantabanji (70) District : Bolangir|accessdate= 16 March 2014}}</ref>

This constituency includes [[Kantabanji]], Turekela block, Bangomunda block and Muribahal block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

MLAs were Prasanna Pal of [[Janata Dal|JD]] in 1990, independent candidate Chaitanya Pradhan in 1985, Prasanna Kumar Pal representing INC (I) in 1980 and representing INC in 1977.
This seat became very trending when [[Naveen Patnaik]] got defeated here.

==Elected members==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp107.htm|title= 107 - Kantabanji Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 16 March 2014}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|44.57}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|33.60}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|31.65}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|43.24}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|40.68}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}|29.24}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|44.80}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|46.25}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|46.68}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|54.84}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|42.33}}
}}

Since its formation in 1961, 15 elections were held till date.

List of members elected from Kantabanji constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|title= Kantabanji Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/kantabanji.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 16 March 2014}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kantabanji Assembly Election Results 2024: Kantabanji Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/kantabanji-constituency-result-18070 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Laxman Bag]]
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Santosh Singh Saluja
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
| Laxman Bag
|{{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":0" />
| Santosh singh saluja
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]<ref name=election2004>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3629-orissa-2004/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2004 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>
|Ashok Rath
|{{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| Ramesh Chandra Dash
|{{full party name with colour|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|-
||[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Paramananda Hatti
| {{full party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
||[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Prasanna Pal
|{{full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
||[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Chaitanya Pradhan
|{{full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
||[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|rowspan=2|Prasanna Pal
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
||[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
||[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
|Ram Prasad Mishra
|{{full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
||[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|[[Achyutananda Mahananda]]
|-
||[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Lokanath Rai
|-
||[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|[[Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo]]
|}

== Election Results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20 May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Laxman Bag]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Naveen Patnaik]] by a margin of 16,344 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Kantabanji}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Laxman Bag]]|votes=90,876|percentage=44.57|change={{increase}}11.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Naveen Patnaik]]|votes=74,532|percentage=36.56|change={{increase}}8.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Santosh Singh Saluja|votes=26,839|percentage=13.16|change={{decrease}}20.44}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=1,649|percentage=0.81|change={{decrease}}0.47}}
{{Election box majority||votes=16,344|percentage=8.01|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=2,03,874|percentage=73.28|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Santosh Singh Saluja defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Laxman Bag]] by a margin of 128 votes.<ref name="election2019" />

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kantabanji<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Singh Saluja
|votes = 64,246
|percentage = 33.60
|change = {{increase}}4.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Laxman Bag]]
|votes = 64,118
|percentage = 33.53
|change = {{increase}}15.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Ajaya Kumar Das
|votes = 54,527
|percentage = 28.51
|change = {{decrease}}3.14
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,453
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 128
|percentage = 0.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,91,234
|percentage = 68.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Haji Md. Ayub Khan defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Santosh Singh Saluja, who was seeking re-election, by a margin of 3,868 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html |title= Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014 |work= leadtech.in |accessdate= 29 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html |archive-date= 18 August 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kantabanji<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Angul|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1870.htm?ac=70|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=29 May 2014}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014, Constituency: Kantabanji (70)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=70|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108171102/https://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=70|url-status=usurped|archive-date=8 November 2023|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Haji Md. Ayub Khan
|votes = 55,252
|percentage = 31.65
|change = {{down}}9.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Singh Saluja
|votes = 51,384
|percentage = 29.43
|change = {{down}}13.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Laxman Bag]]
|votes = 30,961
|percentage = 17.73
|change = {{up}}6.58
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,729
|percentage = 0.99
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,868
|percentage = 2.22
|change = {{down}}1.45
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,74,582
|percentage = 72.34
|change = {{up}}3.43
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,41,337
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Indian National Congress
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Santosh Singh Saluja defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Haji Md. Ayub Khan by a margin of 5,304 votes.<ref name=":0" />

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Kantabanji<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Santosh Singh Saluja
|votes = 62,495
|percentage = 43.24
|change = {{up}}11.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Haji Md. Ayub Khan
|votes = 57,191
|percentage = 40.70
|change = {{down}}15.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ajay Kumar Das
|votes = 16,117
|percentage = 11.15
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,304
|percentage = 3.67{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,44,549
|percentage = 68.91
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent (politician)
|swing = 3.55{{efn|2004 Voter turnout was 65.36%}}
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Balangir district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|20.47|82.92|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Balangir district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1961]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Orissa]]

Bhandara Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:18:36Z

CathernQsh: Created Info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]]
| map_image = 61-Bhandara.svg
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 61
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Bhandara district|Bhandara]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bhandara–Gondiya Lok Sabha constituency|Bhandara–Gondiya]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| mla = [[Narendra Bhondekar]]
| party = {{Party index link|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
| incumbent_image =
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = 2024
| electors = 379,252
}}
'''Bhandara Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in central [[India]]. This constituency is one of the three constituencies located in [[Bhandara district]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=5 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Bhandara is part of the [[Bhandara-Gondiya (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhandara-Gondiya Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Sakoli Assembly constituency|Sakoli]] and [[Tumsar Assembly constituency|Tumsar]] in the Bhandara district and [[Gondiya Assembly constituency|Gondiya]], [[Arjuni Morgaon Assembly constituency|Arjuni Morgaon]] and [[Tirora Assembly constituency|Tirora]] in the [[Gondia district]].<ref name=ceo/>

==Geographical boundaries==
The current constituency comprises the whole of [[Bhandara Tehsil|Bhandara]] and Pauni Tehsils including [[Bhandara Municipal Council|Bhandara]] and [[Pauni Municipal Council|Pauni]] municipalities.

==Members of Legislative assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Ram Lanjewar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1957 Bombay Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| Sitaram Bhambore
|-
| Dada Dhote
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2"| Dada Dhote
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| 1968^
| [[Nasikrao Tirpude]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Govind Shende
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Vitthalprasad Dube
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Madhavrao Dalal
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Anandrao Wanjari
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="3" |Ram Gopal Aswale
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Nana Panchbudhe
|{{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Narendra Bhondekar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Ramchandra Punaji Avsare|Ramchandra Avsare]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Narendra Bhondekar]]
|{{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Narendra Bhondekar]] |party=Shiv Sena (2022–present) |votes = 1,27,884 |percentage = 49.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Puja Ganesh (Balu) Thavakar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 89,517 |percentage = 34.48% |change={{increase}}26.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narendra Shankarrao Pahade |party=Independent politician |votes = 24,196 |percentage = 9.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Balak Ekanath Gajbhiye |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 5,041 |percentage = 1.94% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arun Jadho Gondane |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 3,148 |percentage = 1.21% |change={{decrease}}2.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Premsagar Nilkanth Ganvir |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,060 |percentage = 1.18% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,354 |percentage = 0.91% |change={{decrease}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Devangana Vijay Gadhave |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,984 |percentage = 0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 38,367 |percentage = 14.78% |change= {{increase}}4.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,61,971 |percentage = 69.08% |change= {{increase}}6.03 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,59,617}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,79,252|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.20 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena|loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}5.35 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|title=General Election to Vidhan Sabha Trends & Results Oct-2019|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121065754/http://results.eci.gov.in/ACOCT2019/partywiseresult-S13.htm?st=S13|archive-date=21 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Narendra Bhondekar]] |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,01,717 |percentage = 43.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Arvind Manohar Bhaladhare |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 78,040 |percentage = 33.69% |change={{decrease}}2.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaideep Jogendra Kawade |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 19,105 |percentage = 8.25% |change={{decrease}}4.95 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prashant Balak Ramteke |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,878 |percentage = 4.26% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Visarjan (Vinod) Sajjan Chausare (Sevak) |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 8,963 |percentage = 3.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilip Bhajandas Motghare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,566 |percentage = 2.83% |change={{decrease}}17.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,494 |percentage = 1.08% |change={{increase}}0.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sadanand Januji Koche |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,633 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 23,677 |percentage = 10.22% |change= {{decrease}}5.63 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,34,420 |percentage = 63.17% |change= {{decrease}}5.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,31,654}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,71,088|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}8.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ramchandra Punaji Avsare]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 83,408 |percentage = 35.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Dewangana Vijay Gadhave|party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 46,576 |percentage = 20.05% |change={{increase}}7.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Narendra Bhondekar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 42,766 |percentage = 18.41% |change={{decrease}}34.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Yuvraj Dewaji Wasnik|party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,655 |percentage = 13.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sachchidanand Hiraman Fulekar|party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 15,243 |percentage = 6.56% |change={{decrease}}19.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Hiwraj Bhikulal Ukey|party=Communist Party of India |votes = 3,290 |percentage = 1.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manohar Shioprasad Kharole |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,262 |percentage = 0.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,621 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 36,832 |percentage = 15.86% |change= {{decrease}}10.24 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,34,606 |percentage = 68.76% |change= {{increase}}3.14 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,32,294}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,41,185|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{decrease}}16.67 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009|url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf|access-date=30 December 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate= [[Narendra Bhondekar]] |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 1,03,880 |percentage = 52.58% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Mahendra Husanji Gadkari |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 52,326 |percentage = 26.48% |change={{decrease}}6.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Moreshwar Ramaji Meshram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 24,499 |percentage = 12.40% |change={{decrease}}17.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sachchidanand Hiraman Fulekar |party=Republican Party of India (A) |votes = 8,173 |percentage = 4.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nitin Pundalikrao Tumane |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,645 |percentage = 1.34% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Ravindra Santosh Ramteke|party=Independent politician |votes = 1,717 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 51,554 |percentage = 26.09% |change= {{increase}}25.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,97,679 |percentage = 64.98% |change= {{decrease}}8.44 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,97,581}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,04,236|ref = |change= {{increase}}69.14 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}19.80 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate= Nana Jairam Panchabudhe |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 43,269 |percentage = 32.78% |change={{increase}}18.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Ram Gopal Aswale |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 42,158 |percentage = 31.94% |change={{decrease}}5.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Raju Manikrao Karemore]] |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 40,000 |percentage = 30.30% |change={{increase}}29.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sadashio Sadhooji Shende|party=Independent politician |votes = 2,300 |percentage = 1.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Abhay Raghunath Bramhankar|party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,348 |percentage = 1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Asha Maroti Bodele |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 857 |percentage = 0.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vaidya Sunil Rambhau |party=Independent politician |votes = 844 |percentage = 0.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,111 |percentage = 0.84% |change= {{decrease}}10.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,32,143 |percentage = 73.46% |change= {{increase}}3.83 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,32,004}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,79,877|ref = |change= {{increase}}16.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.31 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate= Ram Gopal Aswale |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 39,968 |percentage = 37.09% |change={{decrease}}8.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Anandrao Tukaramji Wanjari |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,079 |percentage = 26.06% |change={{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Dhananjay Madhaorao Dalal |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 15,698 |percentage = 14.57% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shahare (Guruji) Ramdas Jagannath |party=Independent politician |votes = 13,184 |percentage = 12.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[ Charan Waghmare]]|party=Independent politician |votes = 7,933 |percentage = 7.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Idris (Mamu) Munir Sheikh |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,250 |percentage = 1.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,889 |percentage = 11.03% |change= {{decrease}}8.77 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,12,422 |percentage = 72.56% |change= {{decrease}}12.42 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,07,766}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,54,937|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.36 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}8.89 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Aswale Ram Gopal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 58,194 |percentage = 45.98% |change={{increase}}14.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vairagade Jayant Vasantrao |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 33,131 |percentage = 26.18% |change={{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganvir Manohar Chandan |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,910 |percentage = 8.62% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhiogade Ashok Hariram |party=Janata Dal |votes = 10,748 |percentage = 8.49% |change={{decrease}}16.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bante Madhaorao Tulshiram |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 6,682 |percentage = 5.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kangale Ramesh Zibal |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,659 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chakole Vinayak Gopalrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,082 |percentage = 0.85% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 25,063 |percentage = 19.80% |change= {{increase}}15.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,30,149 |percentage = 84.30% |change= {{increase}}16.02 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,26,562}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,54,383|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.75 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}14.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Aswale Ram Gopal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 29,356 |percentage = 31.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jayant Vasant Vairagade |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 25,693 |percentage = 27.44% |change={{decrease}}10.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ashok Hariramji Bhiogade |party=Janata Dal |votes = 22,998 |percentage = 24.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Charandas Ganpat Meshram |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 5,370 |percentage = 5.73% |change={{decrease}}10.73 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kamlesh Gangaram Kanoje |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,206 |percentage = 3.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhurve Arun Anandrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,986 |percentage = 2.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Yadavrao Maroti Gate |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,198 |percentage = 1.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,663 |percentage = 3.91% |change= {{decrease}}13.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 95,097 |percentage = 66.99% |change= {{decrease}}2.39 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 93,643}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,41,966|ref = |change= {{increase}}26.85 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.86 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Anandrao Tukaramji Wanjari |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,225 |percentage = 38.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhananjay Madhaorao Dalal |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes = 16,033 |percentage = 20.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gaidhane Ramaji Sakharam |party=Independent politician |votes = 14,657 |percentage = 19.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kale Hiraman Shankar |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 12,593 |percentage = 16.46% |change={{increase}}2.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Zanjade Sudhakar Ganpati |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,532 |percentage = 2.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Uparade Jayram Dandu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,139 |percentage = 1.49% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rambhau Tukaram Sakharkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 658 |percentage = 0.86% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,192 |percentage = 17.25% |change= {{increase}}12.79 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 77,676 |percentage = 69.41% |change= {{increase}}7.28 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 76,490}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,11,913|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.81 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}1.86 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dalal Madhavrao Tulsiram |party=Independent politician |votes = 25,395 |percentage = 40.06% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ram Hedaoo |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 22,570 |percentage = 35.61% |change={{decrease}}5.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shahare Janabai Sundarlal |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 8,727 |percentage = 13.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nandurkar Shamrao Atmamram |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,037 |percentage = 9.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shahane Avinash Bhaskar |party=Independent politician |votes = 441 |percentage = 0.70% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,825 |percentage = 4.46% |change= {{decrease}}6.75 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,578 |percentage = 62.21% |change= {{decrease}}16.21 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 63,387}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,03,804|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dube Vithalprasad Sitaram |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 30,621 |percentage = 40.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shende Govinda (Dada) Ramji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 22,230 |percentage = 29.69% |change={{decrease}}4.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Deshkar Shalini Madhukar |party=Janata Party |votes = 13,182 |percentage = 17.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhiogade Ashok Hariram |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,074 |percentage = 9.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Raut Madhukar Ramji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,153 |percentage = 1.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,391 |percentage = 11.21% |change= {{decrease}}13.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 76,998 |percentage = 79.46% |change= {{increase}}1.70 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 74,880}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 96,897|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}18.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Govind Ramji Shende |party=Independent politician |votes = 41,511 |percentage = 59.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tirpude N. Khantadu |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,224 |percentage = 34.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Banson Bhanudasji Sego |party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade) |votes = 3,585 |percentage = 5.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shriram Suryabhan Jkey |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 665 |percentage = 0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,287 |percentage = 24.70% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 72,053 |percentage = 77.81% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,985}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,603|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1968===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1968 elections in India#Maharashtra|1968 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2511-details-of-bye-elections-from-1952-to-1995/ |title=Details of Bye Elections from 1952 to 1995 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=T. R. Khanntadu |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,225 |percentage = |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. B. R. Baliram |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 18,461 |percentage = |change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Sappasingh |party=Independent politician |votes = 659 |percentage = |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Sappasingh |party=Independent politician |votes = 659 |percentage = |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,764 |percentage = |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = |percentage = |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 0}}
|change= }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dada Da Jibaji Dhote |party=Independent politician |votes = 27,915 |percentage = 46.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. K. Tirapude |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,608 |percentage = 35.95% |change={{decrease}}6.2 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=H. A. Khobaragade |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 8,681 |percentage = 14.44% |change={{decrease}}12.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. B. Parasodkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 800 |percentage = 1.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=N. T. Hedawoo |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 588 |percentage = 0.98% |change={{decrease}}6.95 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,307 |percentage = 10.49% |change= {{decrease}}4.83 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 64,489 |percentage = 76.61% |change= {{increase}}8.96 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 60,105}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,177|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.29 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dada Da Jibaji Dhote |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 17,855 |percentage = 42.15% |change={{increase}}16.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sadanand Mangalram Ramteke |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 11,364 |percentage = 26.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sakharam Balaji Parshodkar |party=Independent politician |votes = 9,780 |percentage = 23.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhaskarrao Baliram Ninawe |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 3,358 |percentage = 7.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,491 |percentage = 15.32% |change= {{increase}}14.70 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,385 |percentage = 68.39% |change= {{decrease}}56.11 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 42,357}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 67,828|ref = |change= {{decrease}}43.35 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}16.51 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhambore Sitaram Jairam (Sc) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 36,407 |percentage = 25.65% |change={{decrease}}21.03 }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dhote Dada Dajiba |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 35,521 |percentage = 25.02% |change={{decrease}}21.65 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bansod Bhanudas Sego (Sc) |party=Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 22,826 |percentage = 16.08% |change={{decrease}}5.4 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rahate Dinkar Modku (Sc) |party=Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 20,309 |percentage = 14.31% |change={{decrease}}7.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dandekar Vinayaka Sakharam |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 11,048 |percentage = 7.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Motghare Premlal Fursud (Sc) |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 10,269 |percentage = 7.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Wasnik Pandurang Nagorao (Sc) |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,328 |percentage = 1.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 886 |percentage = 0.62% |change= {{decrease}}20.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,41,951 |percentage = 118.56% |change= {{increase}}58.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,41,951}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,733|ref = |change= {{increase}}177.24 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}21.03 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1952===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Bhandara<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_MP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221154/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_MP.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rama Bakaram Lanjewar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 12,113 |percentage = 46.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganpatrao Yadeorao Pande |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,695 |percentage = 25.80% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kewaldas Maniram Ramteke |party=Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 5,575 |percentage = 21.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shravan Laxman Kadeo |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,287 |percentage = 4.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandurang Nagorao |party=Independent politician |votes = 281 |percentage = 1.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,120 |percentage = |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 25,951 |percentage = 60.09% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 25,951}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 43,188|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Independent politician |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bhandara (city)|Bhandara]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bhandara district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|21.17|79.65|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Bhandara district]]
[[Category:Bhandara]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bombay State]]

Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport

2026-04-11T16:42:26Z

CathernQsh: put up new page!

{{Short description|Airport serving Amritsar, Punjab, India}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport
| image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg
| image-width = 250
| image2 =
| image2-width =
| caption2 =
| IATA = ATQ
| ICAO = VIAR
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = [[Airports Authority of India]]
| city-served = [[Amritsar]]
| location = [[Raja Sansi]], Amritsar, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]
| opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}}
| focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap
| [[Air India]]
| [[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]}}
| operating_base = [[IndiGo]]
| elevation-f = 756
| elevation-m = 230
| metric-elev = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}}
| website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}}
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airport in Punjab
| r1-number = 16/34
| r1-length-f = 12,000
| r1-length-m = 3,657
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]
| metric-rwy = yes
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 3,542,880 ({{increase}} 22.6%)
| stat2-header = Aircraft movements
| stat2-data = 23,071 ({{increase}} 6.6%)
| stat3-header = Cargo tonnage
| stat3-data = 3,362 ({{increase}} 0.1%)
| stat-year = April 2024 – March 2025
| footnotes = Source: [[Airports Authority of India|AAI]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Sri Guru Ram Das Ji International Airport''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} is an [[international airport]] serving [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]. It is located at [[Raja Sansi]], {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} northwest from the city centre. It is named after [[Guru Ram Das]], the fourth [[Sikh Guru]] and the founder of Amritsar. The airport is the largest and the busiest airport of Punjab. It is the second-largest airport in [[Northern India]] after [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> The airport was the 3rd fastest-growing airport in India during the fiscal year 2017–18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally.<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> The airport is ranked the 6th-best regional airport in [[India]] and [[Central Asia]] in 2019 and 2020 by [[Skytrax]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> The airport is awarded as the best airport in [[Asia-Pacific]] in 2020 (2 to 5 million passengers per annum) by [[Airports Council International]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-airport-by-size-and-region/|title=2020 - Best Airport by Size and Region|access-date=3 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172701/https://aci.aero/customer-experience-asq/asq-awards-and-recognition/asq-awards/current-winner-2020/best-airport-by-size-and-region/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The airport also featured in the top 10 airports in India and South Asia with Best Airport Staff for the year 2024 by [[Skytrax]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref>

==History==
In 1930, the airport was established during the [[British Raj|British era]], and was used for VVIP movements. After independence, it got connected with Delhi and [[Srinagar]]. The first international flight to [[Kabul]] was launched in 1960.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} In January 1982, [[Air India]] started a flight from Bombay to Birmingham that stopped in Delhi, Amritsar and Moscow. The service aboard Boeing 707s linked the large North Indian population in the [[West Midlands (region)|West Midlands]] to its homeland.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112974569/birmingham-evening-mail/ | title=New passage to India | work=Birmingham Evening Mail | date=4 January 1982 | accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/112975888/sandwell-evening-mail/ | title=Flying Elmdon-to-India, first stop Moscow | work=Sandwell Evening Mail | date=2 January 1982 | accessdate=18 November 2022}}</ref> The airline terminated it in October 1984 amid the [[Punjab insurgency]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001212/punjab.htm | title=Rajasansi airport: Ramoowalia blames CM |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |location=Chandigarh | date=11 December 2000 | accessdate=18 November 2022 | author=Singh, Prabhjot}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Air-India flights to Toronto after 8 years | agency=Xinhua News Agency | date=9 May 2005 | id={{Gale|A132246210}}}}</ref>

In May 2005, Air India commenced service to Toronto via Birmingham using Boeing 777s.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4548547.stm | title=Air India launches Amritsar link | publisher=BBC News | date=15 May 2005 | accessdate=19 November 2022 | author=Jolly, Asit | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113191711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4548547.stm | archivedate=13 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A131832766}} | title=Air India wants to boost Brum route | work=The Birmingham Post | date=21 April 2005}}</ref> The stopover changed to London's [[Heathrow Airport]] three years later.<ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A185462696}} | title=Air India moves Toronto, Amritsar flights via London | publisher=Press Trust of India | date=23 September 2008}}</ref> In October 2010, the carrier replaced the route with a direct flight from its Delhi hub to Toronto.<ref name="ti216">{{cite news | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/amritsar/airport-s-temporary-cargo-centre-lies-closed-202166 | title=Airport's temporary cargo centre lies closed |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |location=Chandigarh | date=27 February 2016 | accessdate=19 November 2022 | author=Bagga, Neeraj}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/air-india-to-launch-direct-flight-between-toronto-and-delhi/articleshow/6263149.cms | title=Air India to launch direct flight between Toronto and Delhi | work=The Economic Times | date=5 August 2010 | accessdate=19 November 2022}}</ref> The following month, the airport's name was changed to Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} [[British Midland International]] (BMI) launched a flight to London-Heathrow via Almaty in October 2011. The company flew the route with an Airbus A330.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/british-midland-international-starts-direct-service-between-london-and-amritsar-111101500065_1.html | title=British Midland International starts direct service between London and Amritsar | work=Business Standard | date=15 October 2011 | accessdate=19 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A269788337}} | title=BMI launches Amritsar-London flight | work=United News of India | date=14 October 2011}}</ref> The link ceased in October 2012 as a consequence of the merger between BMI and British Airways.<ref name="ti216"/><ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A298041786}} | title=Bmi Announces Winter 2012 Schedule and Continued Integration with British Airways | work=Travel Business Review | date=30 July 2012}}</ref> In February 2018, Air India resumed nonstop service to Birmingham on Boeing 787s.<ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A528235111}} | title=Air India launches non-stop New Delhi-Amritsar-Birmingham flight | work=Asian News International | date=20 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | id={{Gale|A528502778}} | title=Air India commences Birmingham-Amritsar direct service | work=Travel Business Review | date=22 February 2018}}</ref>

==Facilities==
[[File:Duty-free shop at Amritsar Airport, Oct 2014.jpg|thumb|Duty free shop at the airport]]

In July 2001, the construction of the first phase of the terminal building started, along with the extension of the existing runway, construction of a new [[Air traffic control|Air Traffic Control]] (ATC) tower and other works. The construction of all Phase-1 works was completed in June 2006. The arrivals section of the terminal building was inaugurated in September 2005, and the departures section was made operational in March 2006. Over the years, the old terminals (existing and Phase-1) were systematically razed, paving way for a new integrated terminal building (Phase-2). The terminal is made with built-in glass and steel and is equipped with an in-line X-ray baggage inspection and conveyor system, [[Flight information display system|Flight Information Display System]] (FIDS), Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE), and CCTV surveillance, which were inaugurated on 25 February 2009, with an area of approximately {{convert|40175|m2}}, marking an improvement over the earlier {{convert|12770|m2|adj=on}} facility. The integrated building is a blend of modern and Indian designs, constructed in glass and steel with Indian style [[arch]]es and colours. In June 2016, the airport registered a 59.6% growth of international passenger traffic.<ref>{{cite web |last=Khare |first=Harish |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/59-6-increase-in-passenger-footfall-at-amritsar-airport/287470.html |title=59.6% increase in passenger footfall at Amritsar airport |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |location=Chandigarh |date=30 August 2016 |accessdate=12 March 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406222608/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/59-6-increase-in-passenger-footfall-at-amritsar-airport/287470.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The integrated terminal building has four [[jetbridges]], an annual capacity of 2.5 million passengers with a peak hour capacity of 1,200 passengers. It has 30 check-in counters, 4 X-ray scanners (for baggage), 26 immigration counters, 10 custom counters, 12 security check booths, and 4 conveyor belts for arrivals. The apron has been extended to cater for parking of a total of 25 aircraft (8 Category 'E', 3 Category 'D' and 13 Category 'C' types of aircraft & 1 category 'E' for cargo) from the earlier capacity of 15 aircraft and strengthened for parking of Category 'C' type of aircraft. An additional apron has also been constructed in between the taxiway and the runway. The departure and arrival halls operate duty-free shops, foreign currency exchange service, restaurants and other shops for the convenience of departing passengers.<ref>Press Release By PIB http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=47938</ref> The airport registered India's highest passenger growth of over 48% for the year 2017–2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/punjab/amritsar-airport-tops-country-in-terms-of-passenger-growth/story-qsG2igBul5Lt2LISOjqBBP.html |title=Amritsar airport tops country in terms of passenger growth |work=Hindustan Times |date=22 April 2016 |access-date=20 June 2018}}</ref>

The airport is home to Amritsar Air Force Station, an [[Indian Air Force]] deployment location which is home to No. 1 Forward Base Support Unit as part of [[Western Air Command (India)|Western Air Command]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://scramble.nl/planning/orbats/india/india-air-force#VIAR681|title=India - Air Force - Amritsar AFS (VIAR)|publisher=Scramble.nl|access-date=22 May 2025}}</ref>

==Terminal==
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2024}}
[[File:Bird's Eye View of Amritsar Airport taken from an aircraft taking off.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the airport's terminal]]

The airport is spread over an area of 40,000 sq.m., with 30 check-in counters, 26 immigration counters, 12 custom counters, and two security check booths, and can handle 600 passengers at arrivals and 600 passengers at departures. It has the capacity to serve more than 2.5 million passengers per year. It has four [[jetbridge]]s.

As of September 2025, FTI-TTP has commenced at Sri Guru Ram Das Ji (Amritsar) International Airport.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 11, 2025 |title=Amit Shah launches faster immigration clearance programme at 5 more airports |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amit-shah-launches-faster-immigration-clearance-programme-at-5-more-airports/article70038909.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>

==Runways==
The airport's runway is equipped with [[CAT IIIb|CAT III-B]] [[Instrument landing system|ILS]], which makes the airport suitable for aircraft landing in poor weather conditions and visibility. It was installed in 2016–17, when the runway underwent a mass upgrade, at a cost of ₹ 150 [[crore]], and in October 2017, the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI) issued low visibility procedures (LVP), thus allowing landing at within 50 m visual range.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/misc/AAI-upadteMArch12.pdf |title=Amritsar Airport ushers in CAT II Instrument Landing System |access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Airports Authority of India|url = http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/amritsar_technicalinfo.jsp|website=aai.aero|access-date = 31 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/amritsar-airport-set-for-night-flights-after-runway-revamp/399742.html |title=Amritsar airport set for night flights after runway revamp |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |location=Chandigarh |date=30 April 2017 |access-date=14 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airportsindia.org.in/misc/AIPS_2017_68.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209101830/http://www.airportsindia.org.in/misc/AIPS_2017_68.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2017 |title=Low Visibility Procedures |date=9 December 2017 |access-date=20 June 2018}}</ref> Before the installation of CAT III ILS, CAT II ILS was installed in December 2011 and reduced the visibility requirement for an aircraft landing at the airport on Runway 34, from the existing 650 metres to 350 metres, thus benefiting airlines in increased safety and avoiding diversions to other airports, resulting in better operational and environmental efficiencies.

== Airlines and destinations ==
[[File:Scoot 787 Dreamliner at Amritsar Airport.jpg|thumb|Apron area of the airport]]
[[File:Amritsar Airport Departure.jpg|thumb|Departures area of the airport]]
[[File:Amritsar Airport Baggage.jpg|thumb|Arrivals area of the airport]]

{{Airport destination list

| [[Air India]] | [[Birmingham Airport|Birmingham]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Emergency Turbine Deploys On Air India Flight To UK, Plane Lands Safely |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/emergency-turbine-deploys-on-air-india-flight-to-uk-plane-lands-safely-9398755 |access-date=11 April 2026 |date=5 October 2025}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dutta |first1=Tanushka |title=In Mid-Air Drama, Air India Flyer Abuses Passenger Minutes Before Landing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/in-mid-air-drama-air-india-flyer-abuses-passenger-minutes-before-landing-8784880 |access-date=11 April 2026 |date=28 June 2025}}</ref> [[Gatwick Airport|London–Gatwick]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teja |first1=Charanjit Singh |title=Direct flights between Amritsar and London resume |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/direct-flights-between-amritsar-and-london-resume/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=1 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Looking back 2023: Passenger footfall goes up at Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport after 4-yr gap |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/looking-back-2023-passenger-footfall-goes-up-at-sri-guru-ram-dass-jee-international-airport-after-4-yr-gap-574369/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=22 December 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Air India Express]]}} | [[Delhi Airport|Delhi]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Velani |first1=Bhavya |title=Air India and Singapore Airlines to Have Standard Capacity on Its Network |url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2023/09/26/air-india-and-singapore-airlines-to-have-standard-capacity-on-its-network/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=Aviation A2Z |date=26 September 2023}}</ref> [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teja |first1=Charanjit Singh |title=Gulf-bound flights yet to resume at Amritsar airport |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/gulf-bound-flights-yet-to-resume-at-amritsar-airport/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=11 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Flight Status on April 2: IndiGo, Air India issue advisories for Middle East flights, limited UAE routes resumed |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation-flight-status-on-april-2-indigo-air-india-issue-advisories-for-middle-east-flights-limited-uae-routes-resumed-4192511/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Financial Express |date=2 April 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

| [[AirAsia]] | [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur–International]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Daily flights from Amritsar to Kuala Lumpur from March 28 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/daily-flights-from-amritsar-to-kuala-lumpur-from-march-28/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=28 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Alliance Air (India)|Alliance Air]]}} | [[Kullu–Manali Airport|Kullu]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/alliance-air-to-commence-amritsar-kullu-service-in-oct-2023-1225361|title=Alliance Air to commence Amritsar-Kullu service in Oct-2023|work=CAPA|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref> [[Shimla Airport|Shimla]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://centreforaviation.com/news/alliance-air-to-commence-amritsar-shimla-service-in-nov-2023-1226640|title=Alliance Air to commence Amritsar-Shimla service in Nov-2023|work=CAPA|accessdate=3 October 2023}}</ref>

| [[IndiGo]] | [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport|Ahmedabad]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rana |first1=Yudhvir |title=Amritsar-Ahmedabad Indigo flight diverts to Pakistan due to bad weather |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/amritsar-ahmedabad-indigo-flight-diverts-to-pakistan-due-to-bad-weather/articleshow/100914602.cms |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=11 June 2023}}</ref> [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Japan Airlines and IndiGo to commence codeshare partnership |url=https://www.travelturtle.world/news/japan-airlines-and-indigo-to-commence-codeshare-partnership/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=Travel Turtle |date=26 November 2024}}</ref> [[Chennai Airport|Chennai]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Fliers Allege They Were Deboarded As Only 8 Were On Flight. IndiGo Replies |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/flyers-allege-they-were-deboarded-as-only-8-were-on-flight-indigo-replies-4593023 |access-date=11 April 2026 |date=21 November 2023}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Delhi]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalitha |first1=S. |title='Two days at airport and no one to help': Passengers vent after IndiGo cancels all flights from Delhi |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/delhi/2025/Dec/05/two-days-at-airport-and-no-one-to-help-passengers-vent-after-indigo-cancels-all-flights-from-delhi |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Rajiv Gandhi International Airport|Hyderabad]],<ref>{{cite news|title=IndiGo to start new flight between Amritsar, Hyderabad from March 31|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/indigo-to-start-new-flight-between-amritsar-hyderabad-from-march-31-597060|work=The Tribune|date=3 March 2024|access-date=4 March 2024|language=en}}</ref> [[Cochin International Airport|Kochi]],<ref>{{cite news |title=IndiGo operates charter flight to repatriate 212 Indians from Russia |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indigo-operates-charter-flight-to-repatriate-212-indians-from-russia/articleshow/77345112.cms |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Times of India |date=4 August 2020}}</ref> [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Kolkata]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Indigo A20N at Amritsar on Feb 5th 2023, engine shut down in flight |url=https://www.aeroinside.com/17852/indigo-a20n-at-amritsar-on-feb-5th-2023-engine-shut-down-in-flight |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=Aero Inside |date=20 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Javaid |first1=Arfa |title=IndiGo flight status today: 20 flights cancelled across Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Bengaluru – Check full list |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/airlines-aviation/indigo-flight-status-today-20-flights-cancelled-across-mumbai-delhi-pune-bengaluru-check-full-list/4086854/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Financial Express |date=24 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> [[Pune Airport|Pune]],<ref>{{cite news |title=How a single word in ballpoint pen grounded a Pune-Amritsar IndiGo flight for 8 hours |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/pune-airport-indigo-flight-amritsar-bomb-scare-handwritten-note-delay-10611683/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=31 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sukalp |title=Israel-US strike Iran: Indian airlines suspend flights to West Asia amid airspace closures, escalating conflict |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/israel-us-strike-iran-indigo-air-india-suspend-flights-west-asia-10557555/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=28 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref> [[Srinagar Airport|Srinagar]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bagga |first1=Neeraj |title=IndiGo crisis triggers 40% spike in bus fares on Amritsar-Delhi route |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/indigo-crisis-triggers-40-spike-in-bus-fares-on-amritsar-delhi-route/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=8 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

| [[Malaysia Airlines]] | [[Kuala Lumpur International Airport|Kuala Lumpur–International]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Darkunde |first1=Mahesh |title=Batik Air Ends Flights from Kuala Lumpur to this Indian Religious City |url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2025/07/27/batik-air-ends-kuala-lumpur-amritsar-flights/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=Aviation A2Z |date=27 July 2025}}</ref>

| [[Qatar Airways]] | [[Hamad International Airport|Doha]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Teja |first1=Charanjit Singh |title=Qatar Airways resumes limited Doha-Amritsar flights from today |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/amritsar/qatar-airways-resumes-limited-doha-amritsar-flights-from-today/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Tribune |date=17 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref>

| [[Scoot]] | [[Changi Airport|Singapore]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Sukalp |title=See India as market with huge potential, developing network jointly with parent Singapore Airlines, says Scoot CEO |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/huge-potential-network-parent-singapore-airlines-scoot-ceo-9313978/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Indian Express |date=7 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

| [[SpiceJet]] | [[Dubai International Airport|Dubai–International]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran-Israel war: SpiceJet cancels multiple India–UAE flights on March 2 & 3 due to airspace closure |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/latest-updates/iran-israel-war-spicejet-cancels-multiple-indiauae-flights-on-march-2-3-due-to-airspace-closure/articleshow/128943513.cms?from=mdr |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=The Economic Times |date=2 March 2026}}</ref>

| {{nowrap|[[Thai Lion Air]]}} | [[Don Mueang International Airport|Bangkok–Don Mueang]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Velani |first1=Bhavya |title=Air India Express Suspends Flight from Amritsar to this Travel Hotspot |url=https://aviationa2z.com/index.php/2025/07/27/air-india-express-suspends-amritsar-bangkok-flight/ |access-date=11 April 2026 |work=Aviation A2Z |date=27 July 2025}}</ref>

}}

;Note:
*{{Note|1|1}}: These flights make an intermediate stop in [[Tbilisi International Airport|Tbilisi]] en route to the listed destination. However, the airlines do not have rights to carry passengers solely between the origin or destination and the intermediate stop.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news|title=SpiceJet starts one-stop flight to Italy from Amritsar|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/spicejet-starts-one-stop-flight-to-italy-from-amritsar/articleshow/95283673.cms|work=The Times of India|date=3 November 2022|access-date=4 November 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== Statistics ==
{{Airport-Statistics|iata=ATQ}}

==Future plans==
To meet the growing demands and future traffic, the [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Ministry of Civil Aviation]] has proposed to expand the current integrated passenger terminal at a cost of ₹ 240 crore, which will increase the existing handling capacity of 2.5 million passengers per year to 5.5 million passengers per year.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} Along with this, an additional ₹ 60 crore were invested for the construction of another apron, taxiways and upgrading of the terminal, which are now completed.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

The airport is also proposed to be leased out for [[privatisation|privatization]] on a [[Public Private Partnership]] (PPP) basis, along with 5 other major airports operated by the [[Airports Authority of India]] (AAI).{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} With privatization, the infrastructure at the airport is expected to rapidly improve further.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

With the completion of the under-construction [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]], the travel time from Amritsar to [[Delhi Airport]] will be cut in half from the current over 8 hours to about 4 hours.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/punjab/amritsar/amritsar-airport-to-develop-300-million-amritsar-news-pkl389749144|title=अमृतसर हवाईअड्डे का 300 करोड़ से विकास होगा}}</ref> This may result in reduction in passenger growth on this route, but will give better road connectivity between the city and the National Capital.

==Ground transport==
===Road===
The airport is connected by the four-lane [[National Highway 354 (India)|National Highway 354]], which runs from Amritsar to [[Ajnala, India|Ajnala]]. Both [[Ola Cabs]] and [[Uber]] are available in the city. Auto rickshaws and local buses also connect the city to the airport. The under-construction [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway|Delhi—Amritsar—Katra Expressway]] will have the first branch from [[Delhi]] to the airport, and the second branch to [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], which will improve the connectivity further.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अमृतसर हवाईअड्डे का 300 करोड़ से विकास होगा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/punjab/amritsar/amritsar-airport-to-develop-300-million-amritsar-news-pkl389749144 |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref>

===Metrobus===
The airport was connected by Route 501 of [[Amritsar Metrobus]], which connected it directly to [[Amritsar Junction]], [[Golden Temple]] and many other locations in the network of Amritsar Metrobus. This route used to operate at a frequency of every 10–15 minutes but it is not functional these days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/amritsar-brts-bus-will-also-go-from-airport-to-ghee-mandi-21933398.html|title = एयरपोर्ट से घी मंडी तक भी जाएगी बीआरटीएस बस, 15 रुपये होगा किराया}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://amritsarportal.infinium.management/ListofRoutesLocations/ViewRoutesLocations|title=Amritsar Metro Bus Services|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Aviation in India]]
* [[Golden Temple]]
* [[Amritsar Metrobus]]
* [[Amritsar Ring Road]]
* [[List of airports in India]]
* [[List of the busiest airports in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}

{{Portal bar|India|Aviation}}
{{Airports in India}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Transport in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Airports in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:International airports in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Amritsar]]
[[Category:Science and technology in Amritsar]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Airports established in 2006]]
[[Category:Airports Authority of India]]

Pralayashesham Oru Jalakanyaka

2026-04-07T23:48:32Z

CathernQsh: Adding a info

{{Short description|2025 Malayalam film by Manoju Kumar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pralayashesham Oru Jalakanyaka
| image = Pralayashesham_Oru_Jalakanyaka.jpg
| caption = Theatrical Release Poster
| director = Manoju Kumar
| writer = Manoju Kumar
| screenplay = Navas Sulthan Manoju Kumar
| producer = [[Kerala State Film Development Corporation]]
| starring = Asha Aravind Renjith Lalitham Anagha Maria Varghese Arjun Ambat
| cinematography = Harikrishnan Lohithadas
| editing = Mendos Antony
| music = Vijay P Jacob
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|03|07}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
}}

'''''Pralayashesham Oru Jalakanyaka''''' is a 2025 [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]] language film written and directed by Manoju Kumar<ref>{{Cite news |title='Pralaya Shesham Oru Jala Kanyaka' first look unveiled: A gripping tale of survival and mystery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/pralaya-shesham-oru-jala-kanyaka-first-look-unveiled-a-gripping-tale-of-survival-and-mystery/articleshow/118550970.cms |access-date=2025-03-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> featuring [[Asha Aravind]], Renjith Lalitham, Anagha Maria Varghese and Arjun Ambat in the lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pralayashesham Oru Jalakanyaka {{!}} പ്രളയശേഷം ഒരു ജലകന്യക |url=https://www.mallurelease.com/2025/02/pralayashesham-oru-jalakanyaka-movie.html?m=1 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Mallu Release {{!}} Watch the Latest Malayalam Movies Web Series Online in HD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='പ്രളയശേഷം ഒരു ജലകന്യക' യുടെ ട്രെയിലർ എത്തി |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/03/04/prayasam-oru-jalakanaka-trailer-released.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=‘പ്രളയശേഷം ഒരു ജലകന്യക’ യുടെ ട്രെയിലർ എത്തി |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-21 |title=പ്രളയത്തിലകപ്പെട്ട ഒരു ഗ്രാമവും അതിജീവന കഥയും; 'പ്രളയശേഷം ഒരു ജലകന്യക' ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റർ |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pralayashesham-oru-jalakanyaka-first-look-poster-out-1.10362607 |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

== Plot ==

{{Empty section|date=March 2025}}

== Cast ==
*[[Asha Aravind]] as Plamena
*Priya Babu as Velutha Mary
*Arjun Radhakrishnan Ambat as Antappan
*Vinod Kumar as Sunny
*Karuna Kukki as Rosily
*Shybin K. P. as Rosily's Husband
*Anagha Maria Varghese as Anita
*A. M. Sidhique as Police Officer
*P.R.Rajasekharan (Rajasekharan Thakazhy) as Minister Varkey
*Gloria Shaji as The Nun
*Ranjith Lalitham as Maaliyakkel Lui
*[[Gokulan]] as Thief

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt35994396}}

[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]

Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency

2026-03-28T06:26:32Z

CathernQsh: updated page

{{other uses|Bardhaman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bardhaman Dakshin
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Bardhaman Dakshin.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly Constituency
| mla = [[Khokan Das]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bardhaman–Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman–Durgapur]]
| constituency_no = 260
| established = 1951
| electors = 213,910
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per order of the Delimitation Commission, No. 260 Bardhaman Dakshin Assembly constituency covers [[Bardhaman]] municipality.

Bardhaman Dakshin assembly segment is part of No. 39 [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
!colspan="4"|Bardhaman
|-
|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|rowspan="2"|Benoy Choudhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Radharani Mahtab
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. B. Chodhury
|-
!colspan="4"|Bardhaman Dakshin
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="2"|Benoy Choudhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Pradip Bhattacharya
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|Benoy Choudhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=7|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Nirupam Sen
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|Shyama Prosad Bose
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="2"|Nirupam Sen
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|Rabi Ranjan Chattopadhyay
|{{Full party name with color|Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Khokan Das
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bardhaman Dakshin}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Khokan Das|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate= Maumita Biswas Misra|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Sudipto Gupta|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Bardhaman Dakshin<ref name="vidhansabha2021">{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/bardhaman-dakshin-west-bengal-election-result-2021| title = Bardhaman Dakshin Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |access-date =13 May 2021 }}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=Khokan Das|votes=91,015|percentage=44.32|change=-3.02}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= Sandip Nandi|votes=82,910|percentage=40.38|change=+32.04}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Pritha Tah|votes=23,346|percentage= 11.37|change=-20.80}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Bahujan Samaj Party||candidate=Pushpa Hansda|votes=1,455|percentage=0.71|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= NRPOI||candidate=Rajib Paswan|votes=983|percentage=0.45|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)||candidate=Anirudha Kundu|votes=797|percentage=0.39|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= Independent||candidate=Arindam Ghosh|votes=581|percentage=0.28|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party= BMUP||candidate=Luxmi Narayan Koda|votes=551|percentage=0.27|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=3,707|percentage=1.81|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 205,345|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin
|title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bardhaman Dakshin<ref name="1vidhansabha2016">{{cite web | url = https://resultuniversity.com/election/bardhamandakshin-west-bengal-assembly-constituency | title= Bardhaman Dakshin| work= 2016 Legislative Assembly Election| publisher = Result University |access-date =13 May 2021}}</ref><ref name="2vidhansabha2016">{{cite web | url = http://infoelections.com/infoelection/electionresult/index.php/home/state-assembly-constituency/west-bengal-election-result/882-Bardhaman_Dakshiassembly_election_result_2016.html| title= Bardhaman Dakshin| work= Assembly Election Result 2016 Live| publisher = InfoElections |access-date =13 May 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Rabi Ranjan Chattopadhyay
|votes = 91,882
|percentage = 47.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Ainul Haque
|votes = 62,444
|percentage = 32.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Samir Kumar Roy
|votes = 17,205
|percentage = 8.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Prabal Roy
|votes = 16,192
|percentage = 8.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md Harun
|votes = 1,616
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Parikshit Gorain
|votes = 1,363
|percentage = 0.70
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 3,394
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 elections, Rabiranjan Chattopadhyay of Trinamool Congress defeated his nearest rival Nirupam Sen of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Bardhaman Dakshin<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25260.htm |title = Bardhaman Dakshin |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 |archive-date = 6 June 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110606021641/http://www.eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25260.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=260| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223437/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=260| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bardhaman Dakshin| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Bardhaman Dakshin |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Rabiranjan Chattopadhyay]]
|votes = 107,520
|percentage = 57.7
|change = +14.23#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[Nirupam Sen (politician)|Nirupam Sen]]
|votes = 70,606
|percentage = 37.89
|change = -18.64
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sandip Nandi
|votes = 5,621
|percentage = 3.02
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Md. Harun
|votes = 2,593
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 186,338
|percentage = 87.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +32.87
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together, as well as the CPI(M) vote percentage, in 2006, for Bardhaman Dakshin constituency.

===1967-2006===
Nirupam Sen of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] won the Bardhaman Dakshin assembly seat in [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]] and 2001 state assembly elections defeating his nearest rivals Samir Kumar Roy and Paresh Chandra Sarkar (both of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]) in the respective years. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 1996 and 1991, Shyamaprosad Bose of CPI (M) defeated Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and Shyamadas Banerjee (both of [[Indian National Congress|Congress)]] in respective years. In 1987, Nirupam Sen of CPI (M) defeated Pradip Bhattacharya of Congress. In 1982 and 1977, Kaustav Roy of CPI (M) defeated Shyamadas Banerjee and Pradip Bhattacharya (both of Congress) in the respective years.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp271.htm | title = 271 – Burdwan South Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-08-29 }}</ref> Pradip Bhattacharya of Congress won the seat in 1972. [[Benoy Choudhury]] of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. S.B.Chowdhury of Congress won the seat in 1967. However, both in 1982 and 1987, the preferred choice of candidate was Sujit Chandra Das of the Indian National Congress. Some unconfirmed sources suggest that in order to avoid infighting within the party & also due to some differences with the then State Pradesh Congress leadership, he opted not to contest the elections.

It is, however, believed that the Congress would not have lost the seat in 1987 had the Congress nominated Sujit Chandra Das instead of Pradip Bhattacharya & Shyamadas Banerjee. Such was the reputation, popularity & charisma of Sujit Das that even various prominent CPI(M) politburo members like Benoy Chowdhury & the then ministers in the Left front cabinet Nirupam Sen & Nisith Adhikary had in one interview acknowledged that it would have been difficult for the CPI(M) to retain the Burdwan South seat both in 1982 & 1987 if Sujit Das had contested the elections on a Congress ticket. He was one of the very few congress leaders to be admired by the CPI(M), at large. Ministers like Nisith Adhikary used to stay in his house. He was much loved across political boundaries.

Due to internal factionalism and on account of some personal reasons, Sujit Das, then an employee of Burdwan University had opted to stay out of the electoral race mostly due to a fallout with Priya Ranjan Das Munshi, else various sources [though unconfirmed] revealed he would have had defeated Nirupam Sen in 1987 as well as in 1982. Senior Congress leaders from the district like Manteswar MLA Tuhin Samanta, MLA from Faridpur Ajit Bandhopadyay, MLA Jamalpur Puranjoy Pramanick, Nurul Islam, Galsi MLA Ashwini Roy, had in a petition to the congress high command proposed his name for the 1977 Assembly Elections during the strong anti incumbency of the WB Congress party. He was the sole architect who arranged for funds and had orchestrated the entire win for Pradip Bhattacharya in 1972. Pradip Bhattacharya, also a prominent youth leader in the early 1970s, became the Labour Minister in the Siddhartha Shankar Ray led ministry. It is he [Sujit Das] who had proposed the name of Shyamadas Banerjee as a Congress candidate in 1982. Mostly a trouble shooter for the party during crisis, Sujit Das, an avid sportsperson and district cricket team captain was a very prominent Chattra Parishad student leader and hailed from one of the reputed and wealthiest families in Burdwan. His popularity in town had no political boundaries. Leaders, members and workers from across parties admired his personality, helpful nature and honesty. He was even offered to contest in a Congress ticket from Galsi Assembly seat, which he eventually refused. One of his brothers had served as the Chairman of Burdwan Municipality. Many of his family members had served as Councillors of Burdwan Municipality.<ref name=election>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp |title=Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections |access-date=2010-08-29 |work=General Election Results and Statistics |publisher=Election Commission of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===1951-1962===
Radharani Mahtab of Congress won the Bardhaman seat in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Benoy Choudhuri representing [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won the seat in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]] and [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|1951]].<ref name=election/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Bardhaman]]

Tarun Tejpal

2026-03-22T08:27:00Z

CathernQsh: added info

{{Short description|Indian journalist}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tarun Tejpal
| image = Tarun J Tejpal 2007.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Tejpal at la Fureur de lire 2007, Geneva, Switzerland
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1963|03|15}}
| birth_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = Founder of [[Tehelka]]
| occupation = Journalist, publisher, novelist, entrepreneur
| spouse = Geetan Batra
| children = 2
| criminal_charge =
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
}}
'''Tarun Tejpal''' (born 15 March 1963) is an Indian journalist, publisher, novelist, entrepreneur and founder editor of ''[[Tehelka]]'' magazine. He is known for the groundbreaking human interest and investigative journalism that was pioneered by ''Tehelka'' between 2000 and 2013. He is the author of four internationally acclaimed novels, including ''The Story of My Assassins''.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

==Early life==
Tejpal's father was in the Indian Army, as a result he grew up in many parts of the country. He graduated in economics from Punjab University in Chandigarh.[2][3] As a student, Tejpal was a talented sportsman, playing basketball at the national and inter-university level through his college years. In 1980, Tejpal also ranked amongst the top 10 entrants in the examination for the National Defence Academy.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} Tejpal married Geetan Batra in 1985;[4] they have two daughters, Tiya and Cara.

==Career==
In the 1980s he began his career with [[The Indian Express]] and later moved to New Delhi to join a now defunct magazine called "India 2000". In 1988, he joined [[India Today]] magazine, and then helped revamp The Financial Express in 1994.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

From 1994 to 1996, Tejpal hosted a weekly literary show called 'Books and Ideas' on Doordarshan's cultural channel, DD3.[5] The show featured a wide array of authors, historians, novelists, poets, and scholars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Later he became a founding editor of Outlook, India's second largest newsmagazine publication.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Tejpal co-founded a publishing company, RST IndiaInk, which published [[Arundhati Roy]]'s [[Booker Prize]] winning novel [[The God of Small Things]] in 1998.<ref name=em>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianenglishliterature.net/Authors/tarun-tejpal/index.asp|title=Eminents Authors: Tarun Tejpal}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=For once Tejpal's words failed him|url=http://newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/For-once-Tejpals-words-failed-him/2013/11/24/article1907542.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127012657/http://newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/For-once-Tejpals-words-failed-him/2013/11/24/article1907542.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 November 2013|access-date=24 November 2013|newspaper=Live Mint|author=Ravi Shankar}}</ref>

In 2000, Tejpal set up India's first journalistic website, Tehelka. Tejpal in several media interviews declared the primary impulse of Tehelka would be editorial and not commercial, and it would aim to bring back the aggressive public interest journalism of the 1980s which had been misplaced in the fashion, food and cinema excitements of the 1990s. "Tehelka.com" did its first sting operation on [[South Africa cricket match fixing|India-South Africa cricket match fixing]] in 2000.<ref name=tej2>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-here-s-all-you-need-to-know-about-tehelka-s-former-founder-editor-tarun-tejpal-1998885 Here's all you need to know about Tehelka's former founder-editor Tarun Tejpal], [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]], 5 July 2014.</ref> A book about the exposé, Fallen Heroes,<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Sharda Ugra |date=October 16, 2000 |title=Book review: 'Fallen Heroes: The Story That Shook The Nation' by Tehelka.com|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/books/story/20001016-book-review-fallen-heroes-the-story-that-shook-the-nation-by-tehelka.com-778251-2000-10-16|access-date=2020-09-02|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> was published soon after. The Tehelka portal soon came to be known for its sting investigations, mainly for [[Operation West End]] (defence deal bribes).<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp| title=Who's Who @ Tehelka| publisher=Tehelka website| access-date=7 August 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902060215/http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp| archive-date=2 September 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=BW>{{cite news|title=Tarun Tejpal|url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2001-07-01/tarun-tejpal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702112145/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2001-07-01/tarun-tejpal|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 July 2012|access-date=24 November 2013|newspaper=Businessweek|date=1 July 2001}}</ref> In 2004, "Tehelka.com" made a switch from online portal to print media when it was relaunched as [[Tehelka]] national weekly newspaper in tabloid format, which became a weekly magazine in January 2007.<ref name=tej2/>
Tehelka's landmark stories include the Gujarat killings, Dr Binayak Sen, police encounters in the north-east, coal and 2G scams, the Ishrat Jahan and Tulsi Prajapati murders, the organising of riots by rump groups, an exposé on Zaheera Sheikh (witness of the Best Bakery case); as well as its persuasive reportage on the oppressed and disadvantaged sections of India – Dalits, tribals, poor and other minorities, victims of buccaneering development.

Tehelka's reporters and writers won every journalistic award – including three years of the Chameli Devi for the best national woman journalist of the year<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2012-03-10|title=Tushita Mittal of Tehelka gets Chameli Devi Jain award|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/tushita-mittal-of-tehelka-gets-chameli-devi-jain-award-112031000027_1.html|access-date=2020-09-02}}</ref> and two IPI (International Press Institute) awards for the best journalism of the year as well as the Sanskriti Journalism Award,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-11-18|title=Sanskriti Awards for 2011 conferred|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/sanskriti-awards-for-2011-conferred/story-aWcb2HGuUNWqpCKSTIdLWL.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> Statesman Award for Rural Reporting, Ramnath Goenka Award for Northeast Reporting and multiple South Asia Laadli Media & Advertising Awards.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Tejpal created and spearheaded THiNK, an acclaimed 3-day festival of ideas featuring global frontline thinkers in science, tech, politics, economics and the arts. It was held in Goa for three years from 2011 to 2013.[14] International luminaries who spoke at THiNK included Robert De Niro, V S Naipaul, Garry Kasparov, Erica Jong, James Randi, George Schaller, and Amitabh Bachchan.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}

== Literary works ==
Tejpal's debut novel ''[[The Alchemy of Desire]]'' (2006), won [[Prix Goncourt|Le Prix Mille Pages]] for Best Foreign Literary Fiction.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} It was published in over 20 languages and went on to sell more than half-a-million copies. The book also gained substantial attention for the rare and powerful praise it garnered from Nobel laureate Sir V S Naipaul, who wrote “at last — a new and brilliantly original novel from India.” Khushwant Singh in his review wrote, “''The Alchemy of Desire'' puts Tarun Tejpal in the front rank of Indian novelists. I am inclined to agree with Naipaul: Tejpal has turned out a masterpiece. It is a novel that must be read.’ <ref name="Pan Macmillan India">{{Cite web|title=Pan Macmillan India|url=http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/bookdetails/9780330435550/The-Alchemy-of-Desire/239|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.panmacmillan.co.in}}</ref> Writing of the book, Le Figaro said “This Indian masterpiece is like a voyage down the Ganges, long and infinitely pleasurable; the only thing that worries you is getting to the end too soon.”<ref name="Pan Macmillan India"/>

A foiled assassination bid on Tejpal in 2001, and the arrest of five contract killers became the seed of Tejpal's second literary novel, the critically acclaimed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fiction Book Review: The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J. Tejpal. Melville (Random, dist.), $27.95 (544p) ISBN 978-1-61219-162-1|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-61219-162-1|access-date=2020-09-02|website=PublishersWeekly.com|date=September 2012|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-11-23|title=The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J Tejpal – review|url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/nov/23/story-assassins-tarun-tejpal-review|access-date=2020-09-02|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ''The Story of My Assassins'' (2010) on which the 2020 web series ''[[Paatal Lok]]'' on ''[[Amazon Prime]]'' is based.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paatal Lok {{!}} Anupama Chopra's Review {{!}} Amazon Prime Video {{!}} Film Companion - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF2Xza3PxZs|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.youtube.com| date=14 May 2020 }}</ref><ref name="tej4">{{Cite web|title=The Alchemy of Desire - Tarun J Tejpal|url=http://www.taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.taruntejpal.com|archive-date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208065816/http://taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''The Valley of Masks'' (2011) was longlisted for [[Man Asian Literary Prize|Man Asian Literary Prize 2011]].<ref name=MALA>{{cite web|title=About Tarun Tejpal|url=http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/|publisher=The Man Asian Literary Award|access-date=22 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105172533/http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

His latest, ''The Line of Mercy'' (2022),<ref>{{Cite web |last=SHUKLA |first=AVAY |date=2022-03-27 |title=The Line of Mercy - Man Is Wolf To Man |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/4/21648/The-Line-of-Mercy---Man-Is-Wolf-To-Man |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/line-mercy-message-listen-underdog | title=The Line of Mercy has a message: Listen to the underdog | date=7 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=Review: The Line of Mercy by Tarun Tejpal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-line-of-mercy-by-tarun-tejpal-101654880700863.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> is a satirical-philosophical novel about crime, punishment, and the lives of mofussil India. "Tracking the debris of broken lives and screwball dreams, frantic fantasies and desperate schemes, Mercy does what only a handful of books in every age do: reveal the immorality of man-made moralities."<ref>{{Cite web |title='The Line of Mercy': Tarun Tejpal's new novel reveals the immorality of man-made moralities |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20220620-the-line-of-mercy-tarun-tejpal-s-new-novel-reveals-the-immorality-of-man-made-moralities-1960707-2022-06-10 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=India Today |date=10 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Awards==
* In 2001, named among the "50 leaders at the forefront of change in Asia" by [[Business Week]].<ref name=harper>{{Cite web |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |title=Harper Collins |access-date=12 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223008/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In 2006, named in the list of "India's elite", for being a ''"Pioneer of a brand of sting journalism which has transformed Indian media"'', by [[The Guardian]].<ref name=TGGentlemen>{{cite news|title=Stars of India|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/nov/26/india.features3|access-date=23 November 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=26 November 2006|author=Amelia Gentleman}}</ref>
* In 2006–07, won [[Prix Goncourt|Le Prix Mille Pages]] award for his debut novel [[The Alchemy of Desire]].<ref name=tej4/>
* In 2009, named among "India's 50 Most Powerful People 2009" by "Business Week".<ref name="bs">{{cite news|url=http://www.businessweek.com/images/ss/09/04/0415_india_most_powerful/47.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118160556/http://www.businessweek.com/images/ss/09/04/0415_india_most_powerful/47.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2013|title=India's 50 Most Powerful People 2009|date=April 2009|publisher=Business Week}}</ref>
* In 2010, bestowed with "Award for Excellence in Journalism" by the [[International Press Institute]]'s India Chapter Award<ref>{{cite news|author=Jiby Kattakayam|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article1087744.ece|title=Moily: solution to decriminalise defamation under consideration |location=NEW DELHI|work=The Hindu|date=13 January 2011|access-date=21 November 2013}}</ref>
* In 2011, selected as GQ India's man of the year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GQ Men of the Year 2011 winners {{!}} Tarun Tejpal {{!}} MOTY 2011 {{!}} Indian authors|url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/tarun-tejpal|access-date=2020-09-02|website=GQ India|date=21 October 2011}}</ref>
*The Alchemy of Desire''':''' won [[Prix Goncourt|Le Prix Mille Pages]] for Best Foreign Literary Fiction shortlisted for [[Prix Femina]]{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
*The Valley of Masks: longlisted for the [[Man Asian Literary Prize|Man Asian]] Booker Prize

==Reception==


Tejpal was criticised with allegations of [[conflict of interest]] related to the ownership of ''Tehelka'', since political parties and businesses held shares in the company.<ref name=tej2/><ref name=tej3>[http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/tehelka-scandal-all-you-wanted-to-know-about-tarun-tejpal-and-h-30934.html Tehelka Scandal: All you wanted to know about Tarun Tejpal and his businesses], [[Daily News and Analysis|DNA]], 24 Jun 2014.</ref>

In 2013, Tejpal was accused by a female reporter of sexual assault and rape during the THiNK Festival in Goa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Goa-police-file-FIR-against-Tarun-Tejpal-for-rape-of-colleague/articleshow/26224880.cms?|title=Goa police file FIR against Tarun Tejpal for rape of colleague|date=23 November 2013|access-date=23 November 2013|publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tarun-tejpal-arrest-goa-bail-plea-sexual-assault-shoma-chaudhury-219161-2013-11-29 |title=Tehelka case: Denied bail, Tarun Tejpal arrested by Goa Police : South, News – India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=30 November 2013 |access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref> The trial began only in September 2017.<ref>{{cite news |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]] |date=8 January 2020 |title=Tarun Tejpal trial: HC defers cross-examination of victim till February |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jan/08/tarun-tejpal-trial-hc-defers-cross-examination-of-victim-till-february-2086460.html |work=New Indian Express |access-date=18 April 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 12, 2021|title=Tarun Tejpal verdict: Goa court to pronounce verdict in Tarun Tejpal case on May 19 {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-court-holds-former-tehelka-chief-editor-tarun-tejpal-guilty-in-sexual-harassment-case/articleshow/82567430.cms|access-date=2021-05-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> On 21 May 2021, Tejpal was acquitted of all charges. Justice Kshama Joshi also noted substantial investigative bias and lacunae by the Investigating Officer in the case.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://livelaw.in/top-stories/breaking-journalist-tarun-tejpal-acquitted-in-2013-rape-case-174461|title = Breaking: Journalist Tarun Tejpal Acquitted in 2003 Rape Case|date = 21 May 2021}}</ref>

== See also==
* [[Radia tapes controversy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.taruntejpal.com/ Tarun Tejpal, website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026035818/http://www.taruntejpal.com/ |date=26 October 2013 }}
* [http://tehelka.com Tehelka magazine, website]
* [http://www.tehelkahindi.com Tehelka (Hindi), website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120924112623/http://www.tehelka.com/home/20041009/operationwe/tarun.htm Sleaze, senseless greed and dirty heroes]
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/mar/29inter.htm The Rediff Interview/ Tarun Tejpal] at [[Rediff.com]], 2001.
*[https://www.speakingtree.in/blog/tarun-tejpal-remembering-the-original-chocolate-boy-of-bollywood-in-his-birthday-month-rishi-kapoor Tarun Tejpal Remembering the Original Chocolate Boy Of Bollywood in His Birthday Month]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tejpal, Tarun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian magazine founders]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian publishers (people)]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian investigative journalists]]
[[Category:Indian activist journalists]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Writers from Jalandhar]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]

Jafrabad, Jalna

2026-03-16T23:16:47Z

CathernQsh: expanded content

{{more citations needed|date=June 2009}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jafrabad
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Tehsil]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.19|N|76.01|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalna district|Jalna]]
|founder = Jafar Khan [[Jagir]] from [[Emperor Aurangzeb]]
| named_for =Jafar Khan
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| government_type = [[Nagar panchayat]]
| governing_body = Jafrabad Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 431206
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02485
| registration_plate = MH-21
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Deulgaon Raja, Bhokardan, Chikhali
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kalyan Kale]] (2024)
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Santosh Danve]] (2019)
| website = {{URL|https://jafrabadmahaulb.maharashtra.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name = Jafarabad
}}

'''Jafrabad''' is a town and a [[tehsil]] in [[Jalna (city)|Jalna]] subdivision of [[Jalna district]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

Jafrabad resides over the bank of [[Purna River (tributary of Godavari)|Purna River]]. Jafrabad is well known for the fight between [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] and [[British Raj|British]] at '''[[Battle of Assaye|Asseye]]''' in 1803, where a small monument carving the name of British Officer Colonel Stevenson, who died during the war, was erected.

== History ==
Jafrabad, the chief town, is situated at the confluence of the [[Purna River (tributary of Godavari)|Purna]] and Kailna rivers. It is a large and populous town, surrounded by a fortified stone wall, now in a very dilapidated state; but a small stone gaddi inside is in fair order. The town derived its name from its founder, Jafar Khan, who received it with 115 other villages in jagir from [[Aurangzeb]]. It has several good houses of brick and stone, and about 50 bannia shops. The population amounts to 2,150 souls, of whom 859 are [[Muslims]] (including a few Patans), 244 [[Brahmin|Brahmans]], and 197 [[Rajput]]s. The trade consists of grain, cotton, piece goods, and large quantities of blankets and native cloths for local use. There are 7 masjids and temples in the town, and the principal mosque has a Persian inscription, recording its construction under the orders of [[Aurangzeb]], by Rizazath Khan in 1076 Hijri (A.D. 1664). A large handsome cistern within the fortification, has also an inscription, which states that it was erected under the orders of [[Shah Jahan]] by Mustafa Khan Turkoman, in Hijri 1040 (A.D. 1630). The town has bi-weekly markets on Tuesdays and Fridays

== Governance ==
Jafrabad is a nagar panchayat in the Panchayat Raj system of governance. It possesses government offices as Panchayat Samiti, Tehsil, Krishi Department, Block Education Office (BEO), Integrated Child Development Service Scheme (ICDS) office, Live-Stock Development (LDO) Extension Office, MSEB Department, PWD Department, Taluka Health Office, Bhoomi Abhilekh Department for better governance.<ref name="Jalna District site">{{cite web |url=https://jalna.nic.in/ |title=Home |website=jalna.nic.in}}</ref>

It has two rural hospitals, four primary health centres, and related sub-centres.<ref name="Maharashtra Health dept.">{{Cite web |url=http://www.maha-arogya.gov.in/ |title=Government of Maharashtra, Directorate of Health Services |access-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217005513/http://www.maha-arogya.gov.in/ |archive-date=17 December 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Jafrabad has a Weather Reporting Office.

==Educations==
[[File:Siddharth College, Jafrabad 07.jpg|thumb|300px|Siddharth College, Jafrabad]]
There are many schools and colleges in Jafrabad. Siddharth junior and senior college are main among them. Apart from this, there are Samarth College, Dnyansagar College, New High School, Z.P High School are the schools around. 'Gyanjyoti [[Savitribai Phule]] Sarvajanik Wachanalaya and Abhyasika' is a public library and study room.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jalna district topics}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jalna district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Washim

2026-03-13T23:00:38Z

CathernQsh: formatting fix

{{Short description|City in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Washim
| other_name = Vatsagulma
| nickname = CHIA City
| settlement_type = [[Municipality]]
| image_skyline = Washim railway station.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Washim railway station]]
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=Q1191|frame-width=370|frame-height=300|stroke-width=3|frame-lat=18.92|frame-long=76.68|zoom=6|type2=point|coord2={{coord|20.1|N|77.15|E}}|marker-size2=medium}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Washim in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{coord|20.1|N|77.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Washim district|Washim]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Sarvasena I|Sarvasena]], the second son of Pravarsena I of Vakataka Kingdom.
| named_for = Rishi Vatsa
| government_type = [[Municipality]]
| governing_body = Municipal Council
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_rank = 34nd in Maharashtra
| area_total_km2 =58
| elevation_m = 546
| population_total = 1,20,400
| population_as_of = 2025
| population_rank 1st =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Washimkar
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=557947 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924123648/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=557947 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title=Census of India: Search Details}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 444505
| registration_plate = MH-37
| website = {{URL|www.washim.nic.in}}
}}

'''Washim''' ({{audio|Washim.ogg|pronunciation}}), also known as '''Vatsagulma''', is a city and a [[municipal council|Municipal Council]] in [[Washim district]] in the Indian state of [[Maharashtra]]. Washim is the district headquarters of [[Washim district]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rathod |first=Dr S. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCddEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Washim%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA7 |title=ICHTHYOFAUNA OF WASHIM DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA |date=2022-02-08 |publisher=Ashok Yakkaldevi |isbn=978-1-6781-3024-4 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
{{main|Washim district#History}}
Washim was known earlier as Vatsagulma and it was the capital of the Vatsagulma line of [[Vakataka dynasty]]. During British times Washim was bifurcated in into two separated districts namely Akola and Yavatmal.<ref name=":0" />

Washim district was formed on 1 July 1998. It again became a district in 1998 by splitting Akola district, to advance the development, and governance of newly formed Washim district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://washim.gov.in/en/about-district/|title=About District | District Washim | India}}</ref>

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Washim (1991-2020)
| single line = yes
| metric first = yes
|Jan record high C = 36.2
|Feb record high C = 37.6
|Mar record high C = 41.2
|Apr record high C = 45.0
|May record high C = 45.4
|Jun record high C = 44.8
|Jul record high C = 38.2
|Aug record high C = 33.2
|Sep record high C = 35.7
|Oct record high C = 36.4
|Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 33.8
|year record high C =
| Jan high C = 30.2
| Feb high C = 32.6
| Mar high C = 36.9
| Apr high C = 39.9
| May high C = 42.1
| Jun high C = 36.3
| Jul high C = 30.1
| Aug high C = 29.1
| Sep high C = 30.8
| Oct high C = 32.7
| Nov high C = 31.7
| Dec high C = 30.3
| year high C = 33.4
| Jan low C = 14.0
| Feb low C = 17.0
| Mar low C = 20.6
| Apr low C = 24.3
| May low C = 27.5
| Jun low C = 24.0
| Jul low C = 22.4
| Aug low C = 21.8
| Sep low C = 21.9
| Oct low C = 19.9
| Nov low C = 17.2
| Dec low C = 14.4
| year low C = 20.3
|Jan record low C = 8.6
|Feb record low C = 8.0
|Mar record low C = 11.0
|Apr record low C = 17.5
|May record low C = 21.0
|Jun record low C = 19.8
|Jul record low C = 18.6
|Aug record low C = 17.1
|Sep record low C = 17.6
|Oct record low C = 12.8
|Nov record low C = 11.0
|Dec record low C = 8.8
|year record low C =
| source = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref>}}
==Demographics==
{{As of|2025}} India census, Washim had a population of 1,10000. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Washim has an average literacy rate of 83.25%, higher than the State average of 82.34%: male literacy is 90.55%, and female literacy is 75.48%. In Washim, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |32637
| style="text-align:right;" |30319
| style="text-align:right;" |62956
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |64.458
| style="text-align:right;" |21.903
| style="text-align:right;" |1.064
| style="text-align:right;" |0.405
| style="text-align:right;" |9.862
| style="text-align:right;" |2.263
| style="text-align:right;" |0.013
| style="text-align:right;" |0.032
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |40262
| style="text-align:right;" |38125
| style="text-align:right;" |78387
| style="text-align:right;" |0.245
| style="text-align:right;" |63.926
| style="text-align:right;" |21.245
| style="text-align:right;" |0.808
| style="text-align:right;" |0.260
| style="text-align:right;" |11.702
| style="text-align:right;" |1.970
| style="text-align:right;" |0.031
| style="text-align:right;" |0.059
|}
{{Chart|definition=Religion in Washim.chart|data=Religion in Washim.tab|Width=400}}

==Civic administration==
The municipal council was established at Washim in 1869 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washimmc.org/ |title=Home |website=washimmc.org}}</ref> and is now governed under the Maharashtra Municipalities Act, 1965. It covers, according to the Census of 1961, an area of 42.16 square km. The municipal council is composed of 18 members with two seats each being reserved for the scheduled castes and women.

With a view to providing various facilities to the town's people, the municipality conducts primary schools and a high school and maintains a dispensary. The underground drainage system is present in the town. Also, there are stone-lined gutters and sewage. The meeting hall of the municipality is used by the town's people as a town hall. Protected piped water is supplied to the town, but wells and Ek Burji Dam form the main source of water supply.

==Places of interest==
The antiquity of the town has given rise to a number of objects and places of interest in the town. The chief among them is Padmatirtha, Balaji temple, Rama temple, Madhyameshvara temple, Godeshvara temple, two Jain temples and Narayana Maharaja Temple. The Vatsagulmamahatmya mentions that the town contains 108 holy tanks and tirthas. A few of them can still be identified in the town.

* '''Kondeshwar Mandir, Kondala Zamare''' is one of the most famous Shiva Temple, located at Kondala Zamare ({{cvt|7|km}} from Washim). Kondeshwar mandir has a rich history and is surrounded by beautiful hills. Mythology detects- Ram, Sita, and Laxman has visited the temple during 'Vanwas', there is a place where there are 'Ram-Sita Paduka' resides. Besides religious importance, Kondeshwar temple is famous for a Kund (A pond about 60 feet deep) that attracts visitors as they can enjoy joyful swimming. Kondeshwar is quite crowded during 'Shravan month' and 'Mahashivratri' as devotees across the state visit the temple.
*'''Padmatirth''' Washim is known to have had 108 ''[[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]]s'', holy places or sacred springs, associated with different gods and rishis. The Padmatirtha is one of the chief tirthas created by Vishnu. The reference to this tirtha has already occurred in the story connected with the origin of the name of the town, it is situated in the northern quarters of the town. The sides are built up in cut stones. Now the tirtha comprises two ''[[Taanka|kundas]]'', a reservoir for rainwater harvesting, one to the north and the other to the south. Recently one Shri Rama-Narayan Toshnival has constructed a small but artistic temple dedicated to Mahadeva in the centre of the kund used formerly by those who entered the tirtha for swimming as their resting place it is a cement concrete construction. An east-west bridge has been put across the tirtha to facilitate the entrance to the temple in the middle of the reservoir. It is said that the colour of the ''[[Lingam#Nomenclature and significance|shalunka]]'', base of [[lingam]] also called [[parashakti]], placed in the temple changes thrice in a day i. e., once in the morning, then in the afternoon and last in the evening. According to the [[British Raj]]] era [[Permanent Settlement|Land and Revenue Settlement]] report of 1871, the tank used to supply all the drinking water required by the town but it has since lost its purity and taste. The people use the tirtha for the immersion of bones and ashes of the dead whose last rites are performed on its bank. the tirtha is also used for swimming purposes.
*'''[[Balaji Temple, Ketkawla|Balaji Mandir]]''' The temple of Balaji is a considerably old temple in the town and was constructed by Bhavani Kaloo who rose to be the divan of Sabaji Bhosle and [[Nagpur kingdom#Janoji, Madhoji I, and Raghoji II Bhonsle (1755–1816)|Janoji Bhosle]] (king of [[Nagpur kingdom]]). He constructed the temple in 1779 AD when he was the Subhedar at the [[Thanas of Bangladesh|thana]] of [[Karanja Lad|Karanja]]. The shrine is much revered. The images in the temple of [[Venkateswara|Vyankateshvar]] Balaji are said to have been buried during [[Aurangzeb]]'s reign to save them from destruction. All trace of them was lost, but in about 1760 a horseman happened casually to turn up a little earth with his stick and perceived a finger of an image. Images of [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva|Mahadeva]], [[Parvati]], Devi, [[Ganapati]], and [[Nāga|Naga]] were taken out. At that time Bhavani Kaloo, who had been [[patwari]] of the village Khadi Dhanini in [[Mangrul]] tahsil but had become the [[Divan]] (or according to some accounts, a general) of the Bhosale Rajas, was at Bashini. He set up the present temple, a fine building standing in a large paved quadrangle, with a well-built [[veranda]] for pilgrims to stay, a [[bhandara (community kitchen)|bhandara]] for [[Brahman]]s to take food and various offices. The work took 12 years but was finished, according to an inscription on a pillar in front, in 1700 [[Shaka era|Shaka]] (1776 CE). The Dev Talav or Balaji Talav, a large square tank with stone-built sides, strongly and handsomely finished, and with a Jalakridasthana platform, resting-place for swimmers in the middle of the water body was made at the same time. The chief image is of black stone and sparkles with ornaments; a fine view of the town is to be obtained from the top of the temple gateway, though the staircase is rather abrupt. A dome plated with gold has recently been constructed over the inner chamber of the temple. According to the old Gazetteer 'large [[jagir]]s and [[inaam]]s were given for the support of the temple, the present revenue being Rs. 11,000 from those sources and Rs. 3,000 from [[Kangiten|kangi offerings]]. A big fair is held in honor of Balaji, in [[Ashvina]] month (September–October). About 12,000 to 15,000 people assemble at the time of the fair.
*'''Balaji Talav''' The Deo talav also known as Balaji talav, a large square tank with stone-built sides, strongly and handsomely finished and with a jalakridasthana, resting place for swimmers in the middle, was laid out at the time of the construction of Balaji mandir in 1770 CE. The temple is flanked on one side by the temple of Vyankateshvar Balaji and on the other by that of [[Rama|Ramchandra]]. The tree plantations by the tile side of the tank have now thoroughly disappeared. During the Ganapati festival, the immersion of the idols takes place in this tank and as a result, this tank is getting silted gradually. However, the tank still stands in good condition.
*'''[[Ram Mandir|Rama Mandir]]''' On the other side of the Deo talav is a temple dedicated to Ramchandra, a large enclosed building but not, by any means as fine as the temple of Balaji. it contains images of [[Lakshmana]], [[Sita]], [[Hanuman|Maruti]] and [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]] besides that of Ramchandra. It is said to have been built by one Bhagvandas Maharaj Bairagi about 250 years ago. In front of the temple, has recently been constructed a two-storeyed dharmashala. It is used by the [[Bairagi (caste)|bairagi]]s who visit the temple. Marriage and such other religious functions also take place in this Dharamshala. [[Ramanavami]] is celebrated at this temple with great pomp.
*'''Daridrya Harana Tirtha''' The Daridrya-Harana Tirtha is said to have been created by Shri [[Dattatreya]]. Well built as the tank seems to have been formerly, the steps on only one side are noticeable now. By the side of the tank is a large banyan tree. One anecdote about the tirtha says that king [[Dashratha]] of Ayodhya, the father of Rama, killed [[Shravana Kumara|Shravan]] by mistake by sitting over this tree.
*'''Madhyameshvar Mandir ''' was constructed about 5 to 7 years ago. After entering a big audience hall there is an inner chamber where is placed a shalunka of Shiva. At the time of the construction of the temple, some images and inscriptions were excavated at the site. The temple is said to have been constructed at a place where according to the belief of astronomers passes the equator and hence the temple is known as the Madhyameshvara temple.
*'''Narayana Maharaja Temple''' has recently been constructed over the [[Samadhi (shrine)|samadhi]] of [[Narayan Maharaj]] who stayed at Washim. The image of Narayan Maharaj has been placed over the samadhi. One has to go a few steps below the ground level to reach this shrine. From there another staircase leads to the altar where is placed the image of Shri Dattatreya. The whole construction is of white marble. The temple owns some adjacent land. The audience hall is under construction. Every year a small fair attended by the local populace is held on Datta Jayanti.
*'''Gondeshvara Temple''' To the west of the town is the temple of [[Govind|Gondeshvara]], much in a dilapidated condition. In the temple, are three images viz., those of Vishnu, his sister, and Lakshmi. By the side of the temple is ample garden land making the whole panorama of the temple extremely beautiful.
*'''[[Shringi Rishi]]''' To the southeast direction, on the way to [[Pusad]], there is a small town called [[Ansing]] which is the corrupt name of Ekshring [[Shringi Rishi]]. He was the one who performed [[Putrakameshti]] yagnya or the holy pyre for [[Dasharatha]] and his wives [[Kaushalya]], [[Kaikeyi]] and [[Sumitra]]. Then they begot [[Rama|Ram]], [[Lakshmana|Lakshman]], [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharat]] and [[Shatrughna]]. His temple is located in the far east of town.

==Transport==

===Road===
Washim is connected by [[State highways in India|State Highways]] to all the important cities of Maharashtra. Important Roads include Washim-[[Mangrulpir|Mangrul Pir]]-Karanja-Ner-[[Yavatmal]], Washim-[[Karanja Lad|Karanja]]-[[Amravati]]-[[Nagpur]], Washim-Malegaon-[[Akola]], Washim-[[Risod]]-[[Lonar]]-Sindhkhed Raja-[[Jalna, Maharashtra|Jalna]]-[[Aurangabad]]-[[Ahmednagar]]-[[Pune]]-[[Mumbai]], Washim-Kanergaon Naka-[[Hingoli]]-[[Nanded]] and Washim-[[Ansing]]-[[Pusad]].
In future Maharashtra's Nagpur or Chandrapur to Pune expressway if propose can be pass via Yavatmal, washim, Lonar, Paithan, Ahmednagar. [[Samruddhi Expressway|Mumbai-Nagpur Samriddhhi Mahamarg]]

===Bus Station, Washim===

Introduction

[[Washim Bus Station]] is the main public bus station. It is the main facility of [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]] (MSRTC), which connects Washim to other parts of [[Vidarbha]], [[Marathwada]] and other parts of Maharashtra.

Major bus routes from Washim Bus Station

1. Vidarbha region (nearby and main road)

Washim → [[Akola]] (Bus service approximately every 15–30 minutes)

Washim → [[Risod]] (Bus service approximately every 15-30 minutes)

Washim → [[Shegaon]]

Washim → [[Amravati]]

Washim → [[Yavatmal]]

Washim → [[Pusad]]

Washim → [[Parbhani]]

Washim → [[Nanded]]

Washim → [[Chandrapur]]

2. Marathwada region

Washim → [[Aurangabad]] (Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar)

Washim → [[Latur]]

Washim → [[Osmanabad]]

Washim → [[Beed]]

3. West Maharashtra and North Maharashtra

Washim → [[Pune]]

Washim → [[Nashik]]

Washim → [[Dhule]]

Washim → [[Jalgaon]]

Washim → [[Shirdi]]

Washim → [[Pandharpur]]

4. Other state routes

Washim → [[Nagpur]] (capital of Vidarbha)

Washim → [[Hyderabad]] (Telangana)

Washim → [[Indore]] (Madhya Pradesh, some private buses)

===Rail===
[[Washim railway station|Washim]] is a railway station on [[Purna]]-[[Khandwa]] section of [[South Central Railway]] (SCR). It was in the Hyderabad division of SCR and now is in the Nanded division after bifurcation of the Hyderabad division. Washim was connected to the Broad Gauge Railway Network in 2008 when tracks were extended from Purna to Akola.

17639/17640 [[Kacheguda–Akola Intercity Express]] can be accessed by the passengers arriving from [[Nagpur]] or [[Mumbai]] route while [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Nanded]] can be accessed from the south. Weekly, Bi-weekly, Special, Daily, Intercity trains connecting to major stations like Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Tirupati, Agra, Mathura, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Ambala, Ludhiana, Shri Ganganagar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Kota, Hyderabad, Nangaldam (Himachal Pradesh) Aurangabad, Nagpur, Indore, Yeshwantpur (Bangalore), Nashik, Nanded, Amravati, Bhopal, Khandwa, etc. from Washim. Washim has 3 platforms.

==References==
{{EB1911 poster|Basim}}
{{reflist}}

{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Washim
|North = [[Akola]]
|Northeast = [[Mangrulpir]]
|East = [[Manora, Washim]]
|Southeast = [[Pusad]] ([[Yavatmal district]]) and [[Ansing]]
|South = [[Hingoli]](district)
|Southwest = [[Risod]]
|West = [[Mehekar]]
|Northwest = [[Malegaon, Washim]]
}}
{{Washim district topics|state=expanded}}
{{vidarbha}}
{{Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Washim district]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Vidarbha]]

Baetyl

2026-03-13T21:34:38Z

CathernQsh: New a data

{{short description|Type of sacred standing stone}}
[[File:Baetylus (sacred stone).jpg|thumb|right|The Emesa temple to the sun god [[Elagabalus (deity)|Elagabalus]] with baetyl at centre. Roman coin of 3rd century AD.]]

A '''baetyl''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|iː|t|ɪ|l}}; also '''betyl'''), literally "house of god", is a sacred stone (sometimes believed to be a [[meteorite]]) that was venerated and thought to house a god or deity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baetyl |url=https://www.livius.org/articles/religion/baetyl/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=Livius}}</ref> The most famous example is the [[Omphalos of Delphi|Omphalos]] stored in the [[Temple of Apollo (Delphi)|Temple of Apollo]] at the [[Greece|Greek]] town of [[Delphi]].{{sfn|Doniger|2000|p=106}}

The term baetyl was used in [[Ancient Near East|ancient Near Eastern]] sources, in the form of "beth-el", as well as in Greek and Roman sources, as a ''baitylos''. In the former, the term was used to refer to the names of gods or places. Examples include [[Bethel]], a location described in the [[Hebrew Bible]], and the deity [[Bethel (god)|Bethel]],{{Sfn|Hyatt|1939}} who was mentioned in texts like [[Esarhaddon's Treaty with Ba'al of Tyre]] and the [[Elephantine papyri]]. In the latter, the word was used to describe a round stone that had fallen from the sky (i.e. a meteorite).{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=44–46}}

The word ''baetyl'' has taken on a vague use in modern writing.{{Sfn|Pagolu|1998}}{{Sfn|Marinatos|2010|p=87}} It has been debated both how ancient and modern usage of this word compare with one another. And, among modern historians, concerns have risen over the precision, accuracy, and generalizing tendency of the usage of this term in describing ancient texts and material objects.{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=42–44}}{{Sfn|Wenning|2001|p=80}} The term has been used expansively, referring to any cultic stone regardless of the type or shape of stone that it was, such as whether it was a rounded stone (or ovoid), a pillar, or a [[stele]] (standing stone).{{Sfn|Falsone|1993}}{{Sfn|Doak|2015|p=79}} This generalization has been criticized as not corresponding to ancient use of the term itself and resulting in a projection of the modern sense of the word (a sacred stone containing the presence of a deity) onto a wide variety of cultic stone objects where little evidence exists for such an understanding, as in the case of the [[Nabataeans]].{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=57–67}}

== Etymology ==
The term baetyl is a derivation of the Greek ''baetylus/baitylos'' (βαίτυλος), itself being derived from the [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] term ''bytʾl'' (or "beth-el", "house of god"), where it appears to have referred to open-air sanctuaries.{{Sfn|Wenning|2001|p=80}}{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=42}}

An equivalent word in the ancient Near Eastern context, ''sikkānum''/''skn'' ("standing stones"), was used in ancient Syrian city states like [[Mari, Syria|Mari]], [[Ugarit]], and [[Emar]].{{Sfn|Mettinger|1995|p=130–131}}

== In literature ==

=== Ancient Near East ===
The earliest known evidence for the baetyl concept in the ancient near east, where it designated either the name of a place or a god, comes from the 8th century BC, from the [[Sefire steles]], a set of three [[Aramaic]] [[Stele|stelae]] discovered at the site of [[Sfire]]. In the first half of the 7th century BC, a Phoenician-Aramaic god known as [[Bethel (god)|Bethel]] is first attested.{{Sfn|Wenning|2001|p=80}}

==== In the Bible ====
The [[Book of Genesis]] records a story (28:10–22) concerning the patriarch [[Jacob]]. According to the story, Jacob went to sleep after laying his head on a certain rock. It was in this instance that he had the vision known as [[Jacob's Ladder]], which included an appearance of God. When he awoke, Jacob declared that God was in the location he was in. He declared the place to be the "house of God" (and so named it Bethel) and took the stone that he was laying his head on and set it up as a sacred pillar.{{Sfn|Marinatos|2004}} Though this narrative has been appealed to in some discussions of baetyls, the term Bethel ("House of God") is not used to refer to the stone but to the new name of the town as a whole. Furthermore, the Hebrew word for "pillar", ''maṣṣebah'', was translated into Greek in the [[Septuagint]] as ''oikos theou'' ("house of god"), and not ''baitylos'', further indicating a lack of connection between this narrative and the baetyl concept. The stone itself is also not the actual location of God's presence, but is a memorial for the vision and vow. Its sacred status is a result of its status as Jacob's pillar.{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=47–51}}

===Ancient Greece===
The first Greek usage of the ''baitylos'' comes from a first-century text, but only as the name of a slave, not as a stone or a god. The next usage comes from the same century, in the ''[[Philo of Byblos#Works|Phoenician History]]'' by [[Philo of Byblos]], where it refers to the name of one of the sons of [[Ouranos]] and [[Gaia]]. Philo then refers to a magical stone he calls a ''baitylia'', which was invented when Ouranos first rained them from heaven (making it a meteorite; this is a common mythological etiology for the origins of these sacred stones{{Sfn|Wenning|2001|p=80}}). Philo's discussion is only extant in quotations from [[Eusebius]], who lived in the fourth century.{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=51–52}} Another first-century reference is from [[Pliny the Elder]], who describes the ''baitylos'' in the following manner:{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=53–54}}

<blockquote>Sotacus distinguishes also two other varieties of the stone, a black and a red, resembling axe-heads. According to him, those among them that are black and round are supernatural objects; and he states that thanks to them cities and fleets are attached and overcome, their name being baetuli while the elongated stones are cerauniae.</blockquote>

A much later reference occurs in the works of [[Damascius]], a 6th-century [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonist]], according to later quotations of his text by [[Photios I of Constantinople]] in his ''[[Bibliotheca (Photius)|Bibliotheca]]''. There, it is a spherical stone that originated from the sky and was discovered by a certain man named Eusebius. Eusebius finds that this stone is prophetic and becomes its interpreter.{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=54}}

=== Ancient Rome ===
It is only in the [[Later Roman Empire]] and in the period of [[late antiquity]] when the term ''baitylos'' came to take on connotations that combined its connotations of divinity from the Semitic tradition with the connotations of its function as an object in the Greek tradition. This fusion was a product of the dual influence of both Semitic and Greek tradition on the Roman Near East, particularly in northern [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]].{{Sfn|Gaifman|2008|p=55–57}}

== In material sources ==

=== Ancient Near East ===
[[File:El sueño de Jacob, por José de Ribera.jpg|thumb|Depiction of [[Jacob]]'s dream sleeping on a stone at [[Bethel]], by [[José de Ribera]]]]In the study of the [[ancient Near East]], the term 'baetyl' is usually broadly used to describe cultic stones.{{Sfn|Durand|2019|p=15}} Evidence for such cultic stones comes from the [[Neolithic]] temple site of [[Tas-Silġ]],<ref>Vella, Horation C. R., in [https://books.google.com/books?id=FaVBAAAAQBAJ&dq=Baetylus&pg=PA315 ''Archaeology and Fertility Cult in the Ancient Mediterranean''], p. 315, 1986, Gruner, {{ISBN|9789027272539}}</ref> texts from the [[Amorites|Amorite]] site [[Mari, Syria|Mari]] where the term ''sikkanum'' designated a stone used in cultic ceremony,{{Sfn|Durand|2019}} the [[huwasi stone]]s installed into the temples and open-air sanctuaries of the [[Hittites]],{{Sfn|Marinatos|2010|p=87}} and among the Phoenicians. In studies of [[Phoenicia]] and [[Punic religion]], the term baetyl is typically used to refer to a fairly small object that is ovoid or conical.{{Sfn|Doak|2015|p=80}} Some early stelae from Phoenicia inscribe [[ovoid]]-shaped objects, which may prefigure the later appearance of actual baetyls.{{Sfn|Doak|2015|p=86, 90}} In Phoenician theogony as described by [[Philo of Byblos]], there was a god named Baitylos, who was one of the four sons of Ouranos.{{Sfn|Hyatt|1939}}

The [[Mecca|Meccan]] sanctuary, the [[Kaaba]], has been referred to in [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]] as "God's house" (''bayt allāh''). According to later sources, the [[Black Stone]] (a baetyl) was moved to this location from a nearby mountaintop in order to augment the sacred nature of the site when the area was under control of the [[Quraysh]].{{Sfn|Sinai|2023|p=148–149}} Such baetyls can be described with the Arabic ''nuṣub'' (pl. ''anṣāb''), typically referring to sacrificial stone altars (mentioned several times in the [[Quran]]: 5:3, 90; 70:43) which is distinct from terms like ''ṣanam'' and ''watham,'' which refer to manufactured statues.{{Sfn|Sinai|2023|p=302–304}} Some historians have compared the Black Stone to the description of a black, rounded stone said to have descended from heaven as described by [[Herodian]].{{Sfn|Durand|2019|p=27, 27n41}}

===Ancient Greece and Rome===
In [[ancient Greek religion]] and [[Greek mythology|mythology]], the term was specially applied to the [[Omphalos of Delphi]] ("navel"),{{sfn|Doniger|2000|p=106}} the stone supposed to have been swallowed by [[Cronus]] (who feared misfortune from his own children) in mistake for his infant son [[Zeus]], for whom it had been substituted by [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaea]].{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}} This stone was carefully preserved at [[Delphi]], anointed with oil every day and on festive occasions covered with raw wool.{{Sfn|Chisholm|1911}}
[[File:Sanctuary of Aphrodite at Palaepafos, Cyprus - conical stone (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|The baetyl of Aphrodite at [[Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia|Palaepaphos]], described by Tacitus.]]

In [[Rome]], there was the stone effigy of [[Cybele]], called {{lang|la|Mater Idaea Deum}}, that had been ceremoniously brought from [[Pessinus]] in Asia Minor in 204 BC.<ref name="Chisholm">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Baetylus|volume=3|pages=191-192}}
</ref> The emperor [[Elagabalus]] who reigned from 218 until 222 (and was probably a teenager for all his reign) came from [[Syria]] and was already the hereditary high priest of the cult of [[Elagabalus (deity)|the god Elagabalus]] there. Once made emperor he brought the god's baetyl to Rome with great ceremony, and built the [[Elagabalium]] to house it. It seems to have been a conical meteorite.

According to [[Tacitus]], the ''simulacrum'' of the goddess at the temple of [[Sanctuary of Aphrodite Paphia|Aphrodite Paphia]] at her mythological birthplace at [[Paphos]], on Cyprus, was a rounded object, approximately conical or shaped like a ''[[Meta (Roman circus)|meta]]'' (a turning post on a [[Circus (building)|Roman circus]]) but "the reason for this" he noted, "is obscure".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.loebclassics.com/view/tacitus-histories/1925/pb_LCL111.165.xml|title=Histories|last=Tacitus|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-99039-0|volume=2|issue=3 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=164–165|translator-last=Moore|translator-first=Clifford H.|oclc=11108482}}</ref>

Other famous baetylic stones were those in the temples of [[Zeus#Roles and epithets|Zeus Casius]] at [[Samandağ|Seleucia Pieria]], and of [[Zeus#Roles and epithets|Zeus Teleios]] at [[Tegea]]. Even in the declining years of [[paganism]], these cultic symbols retained their significance, as is shown by the attacks upon them by ecclesiastical writers.<ref name=Chisholm/>

=== Pre-Islamic Arabia ===
{{See also|Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia}}
The nouns ''nṣb'', ''mnṣb'', ''mṣb'', and ''mnṣbt'' were used in [[Safaitic]] and [[Nabataean script|Nabataean]] inscriptions, and in [[pre-Islamic Arabic poetry]], to refer to a "cult stone". A corresponding verb was used to mean, "to set up a cult stone". The pre-Islamic Arabian use of practice of using sacrificial stones among pre-Islamic Arabs is also mentioned, retrospectively, in Islamic literature, including the [[Quran]] and [[Hisham ibn al-Kalbi]] in his [[Book of Idols]]. The Quran also uses other verbs, like ''aṣnām'' and awthān, to refer to objects of veneration, usually in the context of the idolatry that [[Abraham]] faced during his own life.{{Sfn|Sinai|2023|p=302–304}}{{Sfn|Al-Jallad|2022|p=27–28}}

==See also==
* [[Asherah pole]], Canaanite sacred tree or pole honouring [[Asherah]], consort of [[El (deity)|El]]
* [[Black Stone]]
* [[Bema]] and bimah, elevated platform
* [[Benben]]
* [[Ceremonial pole]]
* [[High place]], raised place of worship
* [[Huaca]], cult objects in ancient [[Andean civilizations|Andes]].
* [[List of Greek deities]]
* [[Kami]], central objects of worship in [[Shinto]], some of which are natural phenomena and objects including stones
* [[Kanrodai]], sacred pillar in Japanese religions
* [[Lingam]], an abstract representation of the Hindu deity [[Shiva]]
** [[Banalinga]], stones naturally worn to ovoid shapes on riverbeds in India
* [[Matzevah]]
* [[Menhir]]
* [[Pole worship]]
* [[Shaligram]], sacred riverbed fossils in India
* [[Turbah]], small clay or earthen slabs used by [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver Shi’a]] Muslims
* [[Xoanon]], wooden effigies in Ancient Greek religious use

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
*{{Cite book |last=Al-Jallad |first=Ahmad |url=https://brill.com/display/title/61413 |title=The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions |date=2022 |publisher=Brill}}
*{{Cite book |last=Doak |first=Brian R. |title=Phoenician Aniconism in Its Mediterranean and Ancient Near Eastern Contexts |date=2015 |publisher=SBL Press |pages=78–101 |chapter=5.3 Stelae, Pillars, Standing Stones, Betyls}}
*{{Citation |last=Doniger |first=Wendy |year=2000 |title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |location=Springfield, Mass. |publisher=Merriam-Webster |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/106 106] |isbn=0-87779-044-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/106 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Durand |first=Jean-Marie |title=Représenter dieux et hommes dans le Proche-Orient ancien et dans la Bible |date=2019 |editor-last=Römer |editor-first=Thomas |pages=15–37 |chapter=Le Culte Des Bétyles Dans La Documentation Cunéiforme DʾÉpoque Amorrite |editor-last2=Gonzalez |editor-first2=Hervé |editor-last3=Marti |editor-first3=Lionel |chapter-url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/42999/1/9789042939745.pdf#page=28}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Falsone |first=Giaocchino |date=1993 |title=An Ovoid Betyl from the Tophet at Motya and the Phoenician Tradition of Round Cultic Stones |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/303/article/670021/summary |journal=Journal of Mediterranean Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=245–285}}
*{{Cite book |last=Gaifman |first=Milette |title=The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods |date=2008 |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Kaizer |editor-first=Ted |chapter=The Aniconic Image of the Roman Near East |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/6971525}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Hyatt |first=J. Philip |date=1939 |title=The Deity Bethel and the Old Testament |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/593947 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=81–98|doi=10.2307/593947 |jstor=593947 |url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=MacGillivray |first1=Alexander |last2=Sackett |first2=Hugh |date=2000 |title=The Palaikastro Kouros: the Cretan god as a young man |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40916626 |journal=British School at Athens Studies |volume=6 |issue= |pages=165–169|jstor=40916626 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Marinatos |first=Nanno |date=2004 |title=The Character of Minoan Epiphanies |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23065339 |journal=Illinois Classical Studies |volume=29 |pages=25–42|jstor=23065339 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Marinatos |first=Nanno |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wa3WSXjQU4C&dq=huwasi%20stone%20baetyl&pg=PA87 |title=Minoan Kingship and the Solar Goddess: A Near Eastern Koine |date=2010 |publisher=University of Illinois Press}}
*{{Cite book |last=Mettinger |first=Tryggve | author-link = Tryggve Mettinger |title=No Graven Image? Israelite Aniconism in Its Ancient Near Eastern Context |date=1995 |publisher=Almqvist & Wiksell International}}
*{{Cite book |last=Pagolu |first=Augustine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRolnGU5KvAC&q=Baetyl |title=The Religion of the Patriarchs |date=1998 |publisher=A&C Black |pages=135–170 |chapter=Sacred Pillars |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRolnGU5KvAC}}
*{{Citation |last=Palmer |first=Robert Everett Allen |year=1997 |title=Rome and Carthage at Peace |location=Stuttgart |publisher=F. Steiner |isbn=3-515-07040-0 |page=99}}
*{{Cite book |last=Sinai |first=Nicolai |title=Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary |date=2023 |publisher=Princeton University Press}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Wenning |first=Robert |date=2001 |title=The Betyls of Petra |url=https://www.academia.edu/37336224 |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=324 |issue=1 |pages=79–85|doi=10.2307/1357633 |jstor=1357633 }}

==Further reading==
*Aliquot, Julien. "Au pays des bétyles : l’excursion du philosophe Damascius à Émèse et à Héliopolis du Liban," 2010, pp. 305–328. [https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01709436/document Available].
* Kron, Uta. "Heilige Steine", in: ''Kotinos. Festschrift für Erika Simon'', Mainz 1992, S. 56–70, {{ISBN|3-8053-1425-6}}

{{commonscat}}

== External links ==

* [https://ancientarabia.huma-num.fr/dictionary/definition/sacred-stones Sacred Stones] (Ancient Arabia Database)
{{Portal bar|Mythology|Asia}}

{{Meteorites}}
{{Greek religion|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern mythology]]
[[Category:Meteorites in culture]]
[[Category:Sacred rocks]]
[[Category:Phoenician religion]]

Indian (1996 film)

2026-03-11T13:04:26Z

CathernQsh: cleanup

{{Short description|1996 film directed by S. Shankar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Indian 1996 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[S. Shankar|Shankar]]
| screenplay = Shankar
| story = S. Shankar
{{Infobox
| decat = yes
| child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{ubl | [[Sujatha (writer)|Sujatha]]}}
}}
| producer = [[A. M. Rathnam]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Kamal Haasan]]
* [[Manisha Koirala]]
* [[Urmila Matondkar]]
* [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]]
| editing = [[B. Lenin]] [[V. T. Vijayan]]
| music = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| studio = Sri Surya Movies
| released = {{Film date|1996|05|09|df=y}}
| runtime = 185 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}15 [[crore]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S. |date=7 November 2014 |title=Birthday Special: Kamal Haasan's 60 years of excellence |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-kamal-haasans-five-decades-of-excellence/20141107.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507160934/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-kamal-haasans-five-decades-of-excellence/20141107.htm |archive-date=7 May 2024 |access-date=7 May 2024 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Indian''''' is a 1996 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] and produced by [[A. M. Rathnam|Sri Surya Movies]], The movie stars [[Kamal Haasan]] in the titular role, alongside an [[ensemble cast]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=12 July 2024 |title=Indian 2 movie review: Kamal Haasan's film is visually striking, but filled with political sermons |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-film-visually-striking-but-filled-with-political-sermons-101720774621681.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |work=The Hindustan Times |archive-date=12 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712150003/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/indian-2-movie-review-kamal-haasan-film-visually-striking-but-filled-with-political-sermons-101720774621681.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2024 |title=Indian 3' to be out 6 months after 'Indian 2' release; Kamal Hasaan and Shankar reveals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |access-date=2024-07-19 |work=[[Times of India]] |archive-date=19 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519063756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Set in different timelines, it follows Senapathy, an aging freedom fighter turned vigilante, known as "Indian", who fights against corruption. The film stars [[Kamal Haasan]] in dual roles, alongside [[Manisha Koirala]], [[Urmila Matondkar]], [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]], [[Goundamani]], [[Senthil]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]], [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] and [[Ajay Rathnam]]. It is the first instalment in the [[Indian (film series)|''Indian'' film series]]. The music was composed by [[A. R. Rahman]], while cinematography and editing were handled by [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] and [[B. Lenin]]-[[V. T. Vijayan]]. In the film, Senapathy, a retired [[Indian freedom fighter|freedom fighter]] rebels against [[corruption in India]], which puts him in conflict with his son Chandru, who lives by corruption.

''Indian'' was released on 9 May 1996 worldwide and became the highest-grossing Tamil film upon release.{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |p=352}} It also helped popularise [[varma kalai]], the martial art practised by the title character.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandrasekar |first=Preethi |date=2003-04-27 |title=Martial art with a healing touch |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/martial-art-with-a-healing-touch/article28639624.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617222535/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/martial-art-with-a-healing-touch/article28639624.ece |archive-date=17 June 2020 |access-date=2026-01-14 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> The filmwas selected by [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India as its entry]] for the [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] for the [[Academy Awards]] in 1996, but was [[List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best International Feature Film|not nominated]]. It won three [[National Film Awards]], including [[National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor]] (Haasan), two [[Filmfare Awards South|South Filmfare Awards]] and two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]. It was partially reshot in [[Hindi]] as ''Hindustani'' with Manorama being replaced by [[Aruna Irani]] and released on 23 August 1996. A sequel titled ''[[Indian 2]]'' was released in 2024 but the sequel became a commercial failure.

== Plot ==
A series of killings takes place at [[Avadi]] in the same pattern within a few months; stabbing by a knife and the victim becoming paralysed before dying. The [[Tamil Nadu Police|Chennai Police Department]] in liaison with the [[Central Bureau of Investigation|CBI]] form a joint team led by Krishnaswamy to nab the killer. They scrutinise the evidences and narrow down the killer by his age, which should be more than 70 based on the writing style of a letter left behind by the killer while killing an officer in the [[Government of India|government]] treasury. The old man is later revealed to be Senapathy, a retired [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian freedom fighter]] and a member of [[Indian National Army]] led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], for threatening a poor old woman to bribe him to hand over compensation amount of {{INRConvert|10000||year=1996}} given by the government as her husband was killed in a riot.

Chandrabose "Chandru", a small-time broker stationed outside the [[Regional Transport Office]] at Chennai, and his assistant Subbaiah aid people in bribing the right officials inside the RTO in getting permits and licenses. At the same time Chandru's girlfriend Aishwarya, an [[Animal welfare and rights in India|animal rights]] activist, also comes into conflict with Sapna, the daughter of [[Secretary of Transportation]]. Chandru attempts to win over Sapna and her family to secure a job as a [[Vehicle inspection|brake inspector]] at the same RTO. Aishwarya is irked by the fact that Sapna and her mother are exploiting Chandru's situation, getting him to do household chores. Sapna falls in love with Chandru, but she realises Chandru and Aishwarya's love and keeps her feelings as a secret.

Krishnaswamy manages to trace his way to Senapathy's house, posing as a freedom fighter eligible for [[Freedom Fighters and Rehabilitation Division|Swathantra Sainik Samman Pension Scheme]]. When Krishnaswamy tries to arrest him, Senapathy and his wife Amirthavalli, escape with his expertise in [[Varma kalai]]. Later, Senapathy and Amirthavalli reaches a hospital. At that time, Amirthavalli meets Chandru at an elevator. It is revealed that Chandru is Senapathy's son. They had fallen out due to Senapathy's excessive insistence on honesty and righteousness, which Chandru considers irrelevant in present day. Senapathy kidnaps and murders a corrupt doctor on live television as the doctor refused to treat Senapathy's daughter Kasturi, who was suffering from [[third-degree burns]] unless given a bribe, but Senapathy refused, leading to her death. The public support surges for Senapathy as he exposes many corrupt individuals. Meanwhile, Chandru, who became a brake inspector, takes a bribe and gives a safety certificate to a school bus with faulty brakes, which crashes and kills 40 school children.

Chandru tries to inject alcohol into the driver's corpse to frame him for [[drunk driving]], having bribed a doctor and police officer. Senapathy catches and tries to kill him, but is caught by Krishnaswamy, yet escapes from custody. Despite pleas from Amirthavalli and Aishwarya to spare Chandru's life, Senapathy heads for [[Chennai International Airport|the airport]], where Chandru is attempting to flee to [[Mumbai]]. A chase ensues, Senapathy mournfully kills Chandru and apparently dies in an explosion involving an aeroplane and a jeep. While investigating recorded footage, Krishnaswamy discovers that Senapathy escaped moments before the jeep exploded. Senapathy calls Krishnaswamy from [[Hong Kong]] to confirm his survival and asks to reveal this to the public. He adds that he will return, should the need for his presence arise.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] in a dual role as:
** Veerasekharan Senapathy (Indian)
**Chandrabose (Chandru)
* [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]] as Amrithavalli
* [[Manisha Koirala]] as Aishwarya ([[Voice-over|voice dubbed]] by [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]])
* [[Urmila Matondkar]] as Sapna (voice dubbed by [[Bhanupriya]])
* [[Kasthuri Shankar|Kasthuri]] as Kasthuri
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Kuppamma
** [[Aruna Irani]] as Gulabo (Hindi version only)
* [[Goundamani]] as Subbaiah
* [[Senthil]] as Panneerselvam
* [[Nedumudi Venu]] as Krishnaswamy [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (voice dubbed by [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]])
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as a corrupt doctor
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as a freedom fighter
* [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as "Kada" Kumar
* [[Bala Singh]] as Treasury department officer

* [[Chokkalinga Bhagavathar]]
* [[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as a lorry driver
* [[Crazy Mohan]] as Parthasarathy
* [[Vikram Dharma]]
* [[Kovai Senthil]] as a customer
* [[Mahanadi Shankar]]
* [[S. V. Venkatraman]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
=== Development ===
Soon after the release of ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993), [[S. Shankar|Shankar]] narrated a script titled ''Periya Manushan'' to actor [[Rajinikanth]], but the pair did not end up collaborating. Since the subject revolved around a father and son, he considered [[Rajasekhar (actor)|Rajasekhar]] for the father role, with either [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] or [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as the son, but the plans did not materialise. The film eventually materialised under the title ''Indian'', produced by [[A. M. Rathnam]], with [[Kamal Haasan]] playing both roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2019 |title=Rajinikanth was Shankar's first choice for Indian but Superstar turned it down |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-was-shankar-s-first-choice-for-indian-but-superstar-turned-it-down-1433630-2019-01-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210172408/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/rajinikanth-was-shankar-s-first-choice-for-indian-but-superstar-turned-it-down-1433630-2019-01-18 |archive-date=10 February 2022 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Haasan was initially reluctant to do the film because of its similarities to his 1977 film ''[[Naam Pirandha Mann]]'', but relented after Rathnam paid him the entire salary before he began acting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2021 |title=அதுக்கு மயங்காதவர் உண்டா!..'இந்தியன்'படத்தில் கமல் நடித்தது இப்படித்தான்!.. |url=https://cinereporters.com/kamal-accepted-indian-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714051701/https://cinereporters.com/kamal-accepted-indian-movie/ |archive-date=14 July 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |website=Cinereporters.com |language=ta}}</ref> On 17 February 1995, the official [[Muhurat shot|muhurat]] pooja for this film took place, with Rajinikanth attending the event as its chief guest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 May 2023 |title=An UNSEEN video from the sets of 'Indian' goes viral as the Kamal Haasan starrer completes 27 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/an-unseen-video-from-the-sets-of-indian-goes-viral-as-the-kamal-haasan-starrer-completes-27-years/articleshow/100121258.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610050113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/an-unseen-video-from-the-sets-of-indian-goes-viral-as-the-kamal-haasan-starrer-completes-27-years/articleshow/100121258.cms |archive-date=10 June 2023 |access-date=12 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

=== Casting and filming ===
[[File:Sydney Harbour Bridge from Circular Quay.jpg|thumb|right|Sydney Harbour Bridge, which appears in the song "Telephone Manipol".]]
Shankar tried to cast [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] to make her debut and portray the leading female role. Her commitment to her advertisement agency until October 1995 meant that she was unavailable to sign the film.<ref name="news">{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=3 February 1996 |title=Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition(Cont.) |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/1EPmpEGDWEg#661f147d5a971af3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410111957/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/1EPmpEGDWEg#661f147d5a971af3 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Manisha Koirala]] was selected after Shankar was impressed with her performance in [[Bombay (1995 film)|''Bombay'']] (1995). The producers wanted [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] to play the pair of the older Kamal Haasan in the film, but her television commitments meant that she was unable to sign a contract. [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] subsequently replaced her, only for Shankar to throw her out for missing a day's schedule to attend her sister's wedding. The role was finally handed to [[Sukanya (actress)|Sukanya]], who had previously appeared alongside Kamal Haasan in ''[[Mahanadhi (1994 film)|Mahanadhi]] (1994)''. Bollywood actress [[Urmila Matondkar]] was signed to play another leading role after the producers were impressed with her performance and the success of her 1995 Hindi film, ''[[Rangeela (1995 film)|Rangeela]]''.<ref name="news" /> Malayalam character actor [[Nedumudi Venu]] signed on to play the role of CBI officer Krishnaswamy at Haasan's recommendation,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwInSlisbfI |title=സംവിധായകൻ ശങ്കർ നെടുമുടിയുടെ അഭിനയം കണ്ട് അന്ന് ചോദിച്ചത് {{!}} Kamal Hasan {{!}} Nedumudi Venu {{!}} Kairali TV |date=23 October 2021 |language=ml |publisher=[[Kairali TV]] |access-date=12 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312043250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwInSlisbfI |archive-date=12 March 2024 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> while [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] dubbed his voice.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balaji |date=7 September 2018 |title={{!}}கமலைத் துரத்தக் காத்திருக்கும் நெடுமுடி வேணு |url=https://minnambalam.com/public/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20241103131122/https://minnambalam.com/public/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0/ |archive-date=3 November 2024 |access-date=3 November 2024 |website=Minnambalam |language=Ta}}</ref> The producers engaged [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] make-up artists [[Michael Westmore]] and Michael Jones to work on the designs for the senior Kamal Haasan's and Sukanya's look in the film.<ref name="newstwo">{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=29 March 1996 |title=Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition(Cont.) |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/98PBC6XdMIc#5d1d1219418d2c3f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201095954/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/98PBC6XdMIc#5d1d1219418d2c3f |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref> The senior Kamal Haasan's look for the character Senapathy was based on Haasan's father.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's Senapathy look from 'Indian' was based on his father: Shankar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-senapathy-look-from-indian-was-based-on-his-father-shankar-exclusive-2559042-2024-06-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627130201/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/kamal-haasans-senapathy-look-from-indian-was-based-on-his-father-shankar-exclusive-2559042-2024-06-27 |archive-date=27 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Shankar initially wanted [[P. C. Sreeram]] to handle cinematography; however due to his other commitments, Jeeva was chosen as cinematographer.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=30 July 2006 |title=எனக்கு யாரும் சிஷ்யர்கள் இல்லை! |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-07-30/page/56/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240330150442/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-07-30/page/56/mode/2up |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=30 March 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=56–57 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> One of the assistant directors chanced upon a book by [[varma kalai]] practitioner R. Rajendran about the martial art, and Rajendran was hired to teach Haasan the same.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=Srinivasa |date=5 May 2021 |title=25 years of 'Indian': Meet 'Aasaan' Rajendran, who taught 'varmakkalai' to Kamal Haasan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-kamal-haasan-learnt-varmakkalai-for-indian/article34489479.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508070327/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/how-kamal-haasan-learnt-varmakkalai-for-indian/article34489479.ece |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=8 May 2021 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

For production work, Shankar visited [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] to learn about new technology and purchased cameras for production. Furthermore, the director visited Australia alongside cinematographer [[Jeeva (director)|Jeeva]] and music director [[A. R. Rahman]] to location hunt and to compose tunes.<ref name="news" /> The film's unit was given strict orders to maintain privacy, with Hindi actor [[Jackie Shroff]] being notably turned away from visiting the shooting spot. A song for the film was shot at [[Prasad Studios]] featuring Haasan and Matondkar alongside 70 Bombay models.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sitaraman |first=Sandya |date=3 February 1996 |title=Tamil Movie News--Pudhu Edition |url=https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/qhLi2l0Wc4k#24db2c43c9bde581 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410112024/https://groups.google.com/g/soc.culture.tamil/c/qhLi2l0Wc4k#24db2c43c9bde581 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |website=[[Google Groups]]}}</ref> This led to a protest from the Cine Dancers Union who argued that Tamil dancers should have been utilised instead, with Shankar opting to pay them off to avoid further hassle. Another duet between Haasan and Koirala was shot near the [[Sydney Opera House]] in [[Sydney]] and [[Canberra]] for fifteen days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=4 April 1997 |title='The story line is important, the rest are like cosmetics' |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/apr/04sank.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233722/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/apr/04sank.htm |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=10 June 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> A flashback song was canned with four hundred dancers and a thousand extras at [[Gingee]] with Kamal Haasan and Sukanya, while another song featured shooting in [[Jodhpur]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="news" /><ref name="newstwo" /> A fight scene was shot at Irungkaattukottai Motor Racing Track.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raman |first=Mohan |author-link=Mohan Raman |date=25 August 2020 |title=#MadrasThroughTheMovies: Films that captured the 'sport'y Madras |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/madrasthroughthemovies-films-that-captured-the-sporty-madras/articleshow/77729580.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306041759/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/madrasthroughthemovies-films-that-captured-the-sporty-madras/articleshow/77729580.cms |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=24 April 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The flashback sequences, set during pre-Independent India, were in black-and-white.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sundaram |first=Nandhu |date=2 October 2017 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian set benchmark for special effects, art direction — How will the sequel fare? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamal-haasans-indian-set-benchmark-for-special-effects-art-direction-how-will-the-sequel-fare-4101769.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103022108/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kamal-haasans-indian-set-benchmark-for-special-effects-art-direction-how-will-the-sequel-fare-4101769.html |archive-date=3 November 2023 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=[[Firstpost]] |language=en}}</ref> Graphic designer [[S. T. Venki|Venky]] noted that ''Indian'' was his most difficult project to date (in 1997) with a scene constructed to feature Kamal Haasan's character alongside [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. Venky had to remove blemishes on the film reel of Bose provided by the Film Division's archive before merging Haasan on to the shot to make it appear that the pair were marching in tandem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajitha |date=4 November 1997 |title=The Grand Illusion |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/nov/04ven.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217175704/http://m.rediff.com/movies/nov/04ven.htm |archive-date=17 December 2014 |access-date=10 June 2015 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>

''Indian'' was the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Indian film]] at the time. According to an estimate by critic [[G. Dhananjayan]], the production budget was ₹8 crores (worth ₹96 crores in 2021 prices).{{sfn |Dhananjayan |2014 |page=353}} [[Rediff.com]] however estimated budget to be ₹15 crore.<ref name="budget">{{Cite web |last=Saraswathi |first=S |date=7 November 2014 |title=Birthday Special: Kamal Haasan's 60 years of excellence |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-kamal-haasans-five-decades-of-excellence/20141107.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205120614/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/birthday-special-kamal-haasans-five-decades-of-excellence/20141107.htm |archive-date=5 February 2017 |access-date=6 May 2017 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref><ref name="currency">{{Cite web |year=1996 |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1996&locations=IN&start=1995 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116095940/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1996&locations=IN&start=1995 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019 |website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> The music video for "Akadanu Naanga" directed by Padam Kumar and choreographed by [[Vaibhavi Merchant]], cost ₹1.5 crore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |author-link=Anupama Chopra |date=15 March 1997 |title=Film scripts demand extravagant song sequences to make box office jingle |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970315-film-scripts-demand-extravagant-song-sequences-to-make-box-office-jingle-831176-1997-03-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116062855/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970315-film-scripts-demand-extravagant-song-sequences-to-make-box-office-jingle-831176-1997-03-15 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=25 April 2013 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Indian
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1996
| recorded = [[Panchathan Record Inn]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 30:05
| label = [[Pyramid Saimira|Pyramid]] (Tamil) [[Sony Music India]] (Tamil) [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] (Telugu) [[Tips Industries]] (Hindi)
| producer = [[A. R. Rahman]]
| prev_title = [[Love Birds (1996 film)|Love Birds]]
| prev_year = 1996
| next_title = [[Kadhal Desam]]
| next_year = 1996
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|JIEEGSNcAb0|Audio Jukebox {{small|(Tamil)}}}}
| audio2 = {{YouTube|naFejM5HQaY&t|Audio Jukebox {{small|(Telugu)}}}}
| audio3 = {{YouTube|AXqW-fYmKw8|Audio Jukebox {{small|(Hindi)}}}}
}}
}}

The soundtrack album includes five tracks composed by [[A. R. Rahman]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian |url=http://www.arrahman.com/v2/discography/films-tamil-indian.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913074208/http://www.arrahman.com/v2/discography/films-tamil-indian.html |archive-date=13 September 2011 |access-date=30 August 2011 |website=arrahman.com}}</ref> and was released in 1996 by [[Pyramid Saimira|Pyramid]] & [[Sony Music India]]. The soundtrack was also released in [[Hindi]] as ''Hindustani'' by [[Tips Industries]] and in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''Bharateeyudu'' by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].<ref name="Release">{{Cite web |title=The Complete Discography of A.R.Rahman |url=http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrdisc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817095817/http://gopalhome.tripod.com/arrdisc.html |archive-date=17 August 2011 |access-date=30 August 2011 |website=gopalhome.tripod.com}}</ref> The lyrics were written by Vaali and Vairamuthu for the original version, [[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]] & P. K. Mishra for ''Hindustani'' and Bhuvanachandra for ''Bharateeyudu''.

The Tamil soundtrack of ''Indian'' was a major success, having sold about 600,000 records within days of release.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=3 July 2003 |title=Singing a different tune |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300410200.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040501172520/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/07/03/stories/2003070300410200.htm |archive-date=1 May 2004 |access-date=3 July 2003 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> The Hindi soundtrack, called ''Hindustani'', sold a further 1.8{{nbsp}}million units,<ref name="boi90s">{{Cite web |title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102010439/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-date=2 January 2010 |access-date=15 January 2019 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> bringing total sales to at least 2.4{{nbsp}}million units.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing for ''Indian'' (Tamil)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaalee]], except where noted
| title2 = Akadanu Naanga
| extra2 = Swarnalatha
| length2 = 5:44
| lyrics3 =
| title1 = Maya Machindra
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 5:37
| lyrics4 =
| title4 = Pachai Kiligal
| extra4 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], Nirmala Seshadri
| length4 = 5:50
| lyrics5 =
| title5 = Telephone Manipol
| extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| length5 = 6:15
| lyrics1 =
| title3 = Kappaleri Poyaachu
| extra3 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[P. Susheela]]
| length3 = 6:28
| note4 = Lyrics:[[Vairamuthu]]
| lyrics2 =
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing for ''Hindustani'' (Hindi)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Mehboob Kotwal|Mehboob]] & P. K. Mishra
| title1 = Latka Dikha Diya Humne
| extra1 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 5:44
| lyrics1 =
| title2 = Maya Mahindra
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Swarnalatha
| length2 = 5:37
| lyrics2 =
| title3 = Pyaare Panchhi
| extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], Nirmala Seshadri
| length3 = 5:50
| lyrics3 =
| title4 = Telephone Dhoon Me
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| length4 = 6:15
| lyrics4 =
| title5 = Kashtiyaan Bhi
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length5 = 6:28
| lyrics5 =
| title6 = Latka Dikha Diya Humne (version-2)
| extra6 = Suchitra Krishnamurthy
| length6 = 5:48
| lyrics6 =
}}

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing for ''Bharateeyudu'' (Telugu)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_lyrics = [[Bhuvanachandra]]
| title1 = Adireti
| extra1 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length1 = 5:44
| title2 = Maya Mahindra
| extra2 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], Swarnalatha
| length2 = 5:37
| title3 = Pachani Chilukalu
| extra3 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], Nirmala Seshadri
| length3 = 5:50
| title4 = Telephone Dhwani La
| extra4 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]]
| length4 = 6:15
| title5 = Teppalelli Poyaka
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
| length5 = 6:28
}}

== Release ==
''Indian'' was released worldwide on 9 May 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M V |first=Vivek |date=9 May 2021 |title=25 years of Indian: when grandeur had no limit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/25-years-of-indian-when-grandeur-had-no-limit-984108.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323184502/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/25-years-of-indian-when-grandeur-had-no-limit-984108.html |archive-date=23 March 2024 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Prior to the release of the film, the team also planned a Hindi version of the film. It was partially reshot in Hindi as ''Hindustani'' with [[Aruna Irani]] in place of Manorama. The Hindi version also did well after its release on 23 August 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=1996-ல் வடஇந்தியாவை கலக்கிய கமல் - ஷங்கர் காம்பினேஷன்! |url=https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-kamal-haasan-shankar-combination-that-rocked-north-india-in-1996-hindustani-movie-790234.html |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20221005162416/https://tamil.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/cinema-kamal-haasan-shankar-combination-that-rocked-north-india-in-1996-hindustani-movie-790234.html |archive-date=2022-10-05 |access-date=2025-12-05 |website=[[News18]] |language=Ta}}</ref> The film was also dubbed in Telugu as ''Bharathyeedu'' and in Malayalam under the same title. In 2015, the Hindi version ''Hindustani'' was screened at the Habitat Film Festival.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 10th Habitat Film Festival 2015 |url=http://www.habitatfilmclub.com/pdf/HFC_Brouchre_2015.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322032250/http://www.habitatfilmclub.com/pdf/HFC_Brouchre_2015.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2017 |access-date=27 October 2020 |publisher=Habitat Film Club}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
''Indian'' became a major box office success by grossing over {{INRConvert|35|c}} worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=28 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பே கோடிகளில் வசூல் செய்த கமலின் இந்தியன்.. இப்ப ஓவர்டேக் செய்யுமா? |url=https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/kamal-haasan-1996-indian-movie-box-office-collection-report-gross-collection-515307 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711031830/https://zeenews.india.com/tamil/movies/kamal-haasan-1996-indian-movie-box-office-collection-report-gross-collection-515307 |archive-date=2024-07-11 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=ta}}</ref> Both the Telugu and Hindi dubbed versions also emerged successful.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Zero And KGF (Hindi) Third Week Update |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4615 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226050735/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4615 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! style="text-align:centr;" | Film
! style="text-align:centr;" | Release date
! style="text-align:centr;" | Budget
! style="text-align:centr;" | Box office revenue
!Ref
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Indian (1996 film)#Box office|Indian]]''||9 May 1996||{{INRConvert|15|c|year=1996|mode=historical}}||{{INRConvert|64.25|c|year=1996|mode=historical}}
|<ref name="gross">{{Cite web |last=Jogani |first=Rishil |date=10 July 2024 |title=Box Office Throwback: Revisiting Kamal Haasan and Shankar's All Time Blockbuster 1996 release, INDIAN |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-throwback-revisiting-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-all-time-blockbuster-1996-release-indian-1326383 |website=[[Pinkvilla]] |language=en |access-date=16 July 2024 |archive-date=16 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716161033/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-throwback-revisiting-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-all-time-blockbuster-1996-release-indian-1326383 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Zero And KGF (Hindi) Third Week Update |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4615 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226050735/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4615 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |''[[Indian 2#Box office|Indian 2]]''||12 July 2024
|{{INRConvert|250|c}}–{{INRConvert|300|c}}
|{{INRConvert|151|c}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Jatinder |date=13 August 2024 |title=Indian 2 worldwide closing box office collections: Kamal Haasan, Shankar film is a colocolossal DISASTER |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-worldwide-closing-box-office-collections-kamal-haasan-shankar-film-is-a-colossal-disaster-1338607 |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=Indian 2 Day 1 Box Office India: Kamal Haasan and Shankar's film takes an ordinary start; Grosses Rs 30 crore |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-day-1-box-office-india-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-film-takes-an-ordinary-start-grosses-rs-30-crore-1327437 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713091401/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/indian-2-day-1-box-office-india-kamal-haasan-and-shankars-film-takes-an-ordinary-start-grosses-rs-30-crore-1327437 |archive-date=13 July 2024 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:centr;" | Total
! {{INRConvert|265|c}}–{{INRConvert|315|c}}
! {{INRConvert|215.25|c}}
!
|}
'''<big>Critical reception</big>'''
{{hatnote|Each film is linked to the "Critical response" section of its article.}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Film
![[Rotten Tomatoes]]
|-
|[[Indian (1996 film)#Critical response|''Indian'']]
|N/A (1 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian (1996) {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indian_1996 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indian 2#Critical response|''Indian 2'']]
|15% (4/10 average rating) (13 reviews)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian 2 {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indian_2 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714025200/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indian_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Critical response ===
Nirupama Subramanian from ''[[India Today]]'' praised Shankar's script, noting that "with the right mix of pop patriotism, anti-establishment diatribes and other commercial cinema ingredients, Shankar's latest creation has south India applauding" before adding that "the real triumph of the film is the effective make-over that believably transforms the actors".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Subramanian |first=Nirupama |date=15 August 1996 |title=Pop patriotism |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/movie-review-s-shankar-indian-hindustani-kamalahasan-manisha-koirala/1/282191.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611113124/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/movie-review-s-shankar-indian-hindustani-kamalahasan-manisha-koirala/1/282191.html |archive-date=11 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2015 |magazine=[[India Today]]}}</ref> Tharamani of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the film for depicting romance in a dignified manner, narrating flashbacks in black-and-white and keeping the beauty shining and budding everywhere without being blinded but criticising the film for giving a wrong message of justifying the murders.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=தரமணி |date=2 June 1996 |title=இந்தியன் |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-06-02/page/n65/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230410105305/https://archive.org/details/kalki1996-06-02/page/n65/mode/2up |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Shankar establishes himself as one who thinks big and executes what his mind has conceived in a lavish style on the screen be it the dance sequences or action and thrills the Tamil viewers have not witnessed before". The critic added, "Kamal is simply superb as Senapathy, his thick voice and the dhoti-jubba attire adding to his portrayal. As Chandru he underplays his part".<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 May 1996 |title=Inthian/Chutti Kuzhandhai |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960518/03/1729a.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961220215357/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/960518/03/1729a.html |archive-date=20 December 1996 |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=29}}</ref>

=== Accolades ===
''Indian'' was selected by [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|India as its entry]] for the [[Academy Award for Best International Feature Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] for the [[Academy Awards]] in [[List of submissions to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|1996]], but was [[List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best International Feature Film|not nominated]].<ref name="69thSubmissions">{{Cite web |date=13 November 1996 |title=39 Countries Hoping for Oscar Nominations |url=http://www.oscars.org/pressreleases/96.11.13.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990209110950/http://www.oscars.org/pressreleases/96.11.13.html |archive-date=9 February 1999 |access-date=5 October 2015 |website=oscars.org |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable wiki table plainrowheaders unsortable"
! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards and nominations
|-
!scope="col"| Award
!scope="col"| Date of ceremony
!scope="col"| Category
!scope="col"| Nominee(s)
!scope="col"| Result
!scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}

|-
!scope="row" rowspan="3"|[[National Film Awards]]
|rowspan="3"|[[44th National Film Awards|July 1997]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Actor]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]]
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3" | <ref name="1997award">{{Cite web |title=44th National Film Festival |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm44thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=44NFA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928072421/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm44thNFAAward.aspx?PdfName=44NFA.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=30 July 2011 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |page=22}}</ref>
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]]
| [[Thota Tharani]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[National Film Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]
| [[S. T. Venki|S. T. Venky]]
| {{won}}

|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2" | [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
| rowspan="2" | {{Dash}}
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film|Best Film {{small|(First prize)}}]]
| [[A. M. Rathnam]] as a producer
| {{won}}
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=1996 Cinema State Awards |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/1996awards.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990203152338/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/awards/1996awards.htm |archive-date=3 February 1999 |access-date=11 August 2009 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| [[Kamal Haasan]]
| {{won}}

|-
!scope="row" rowspan="2"|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|rowspan="2"|[[44th Filmfare Awards South|30 August 1997]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil|Best Film – Tamil]]
|[[A. M. Rathnam]] as a producer
|{{won}}
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1997 |title=Best Film |url=http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/october97/south3b.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991103152849/http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3b.htm |archive-date=3 November 1999 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1997 |title=Best Actor |url=http://www.filmfare.com:80/site/october97/south3f.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991018182845/http://www.filmfare.com/site/october97/south3f.htm |archive-date=18 October 1999 |access-date=22 January 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> <ref name="et">{{Cite web |date=9 July 1997 |title=Kamal wins 17th Film fare award for role in Indian |url=http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/45330DAF8370E87C652569400062014F |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001259/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/art.nsf/%28docid%29/45330DAF8370E87C652569400062014F |archive-date=28 September 2011 |access-date=20 June 2013 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil|Best Actor – Tamil]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]]
|{{won}}
|}

== Re-release ==
''Indian'' was re-released on 7 June 2024, in over 600 screens worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jose |first=Jilce |date=7 June 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's 'Indian' Re-Releases Grandly; Fans Enjoy The Film With Fireworks In A Theatre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-re-releases-grandly-fans-enjoy-the-film-with-fireworks-in-a-theatre/articleshow/110787958.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608015436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-haasans-indian-re-releases-grandly-fans-enjoy-the-film-with-fireworks-in-a-theatre/articleshow/110787958.cms |archive-date=8 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Sequels ==
A sequel ''[[Indian 2]]'' again directed by Shankar and starring Haasan was released on 12 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan's Indian 2 gets a new release date; Shankar's film to hit screens in July |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-gets-a-new-release-date-shankar-s-film-to-hit-screens-in-july-101716197558326.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522164954/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-s-indian-2-gets-a-new-release-date-shankar-s-film-to-hit-screens-in-july-101716197558326.html |archive-date=22 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> A third film was shot [[Back-to-back film production|alongside]] ''Indian 2'';<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2024 |title=Kamal Haasan to play guest role in Kalki 2898 AD, confirms Indian 3 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-to-play-guest-role-in-kalki-2898-ad-confirms-indian-3-101711346359134.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406060031/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/kamal-haasan-to-play-guest-role-in-kalki-2898-ad-confirms-indian-3-101711346359134.html |archive-date=6 April 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> the film, titled ''Indian 3'', was still in production as of mid-2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2024 |title='Indian 3' to be out 6 months after 'Indian 2' release; Kamal Haasan and Shankar reveals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519063756/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/indian-3-to-be-out-6-months-after-indian-2-release-kamal-haasan-and-shankar-reveals/articleshow/110230266.cms |archive-date=19 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2008, Shankar planned on a crossover film featuring characters from ''Indian'', ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' (1999) and ''[[Sivaji: The Boss]]'' (2007), but dropped the idea due to lack of encouragement from his assistant directors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=Shankar Wanted Film Universe With Kamal Haasan, Rajinikanth, Anil Kapoor: 'No One Responded...' {{!}} Exclusive |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/shankar-wanted-film-universe-with-kamal-haasan-rajinikanth-anil-kapoor-no-one-responded-exclusive-8948263.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630140944/https://www.news18.com/movies/shankar-wanted-film-universe-with-kamal-haasan-rajinikanth-anil-kapoor-no-one-responded-exclusive-8948263.html |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=[[News18]] |language=en}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Senthil reprised the role of Panneerselvam in the 2008 film ''[[Satyam (2008 film)|Satyam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=22 August 2008 |title=After the hype and hoopla -- Satyam |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/08/22/stories/2008082250070200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013121718/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/08/22/stories/2008082250070200.htm |archive-date=13 October 2008 |access-date=20 March 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film]]
* [[List of submissions to the 69th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931–2013 |title-link=Pride of Tamil Cinema |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |year=2014 |oclc=898765509}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|0116630|qid=Q3111799|title=Indian}}
* {{IMDb title|8066940|qid=Q60737510|title=Indian 2}}
* {{IMDb title|29898610|qid=Q125948146|title=Indian 3}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{S. Shankar}}
{{Navboxes
|title= Awards for ''Indian''
|list=
{{Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil}}
{{National Film Award Best Special Effects|state=collapsed}}
{{Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film}}
{{Indian submission for Academy Awards}}
}}
{{Sujatha}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1990s chase films]]
[[Category:1996 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1990s vigilante films]]
[[Category:1996 action films]]
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 Indian films]]
[[Category:1996 martial arts films]]
[[Category:Central Bureau of Investigation in fiction]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about child death]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Films about father–son relationships]]
[[Category:Films about filicide]]
[[Category:Films about rebellions]]
[[Category:Films about road accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. Shankar]]
[[Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance]]
[[Category:Films produced by A. M. Rathnam]]
[[Category:Films scored by A. R. Rahman]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films set in Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Films set in the British Raj]]
[[Category:Films set in the Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Films shot in Australia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Films that won the Best Special Effects National Film Award]]
[[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian chase films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Indian martial arts films]]
[[Category:Indian National Army in fiction]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Kalarippayattu films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

List of Indian Bengali films of 2024

2026-03-07T07:22:27Z

CathernQsh: Made New Biography

{{Short description|none}}
{{about|the Bengali films of West Bengal|the Bangladeshi Bengali films|List of Bangladeshi films of 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
This is a list of [[Cinema of West Bengal|India Bengali cinema]] films to be released in 2024.
{{Bengali films}}

== Box office collection ==
The following is the [[List of highest-grossing Indian Bengali films|list of highest-grossing Bengali films (India)]] released in 2024. The rank of the films in the following table depends on the estimate of worldwide collections as reported by organizations classified as green by Wikipedia.{{efn|See [[WP:RSP]], [[WP:ICTFSOURCES]]}} There is no official tracking of [[List of highest-grossing films in India|domestic box office figures]] within India.

:{{legend|#b6fcb6|size=50%|''Background shading indicates that a film is currently showing in theatres worldwide.''}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;"
|+ {{Screen reader-only|Highest grossing Bengali cinema films of 2024}}
|-
!Rank{{efn|name="ro"|Sorted based on the lowest value when figures are presented as a range, and for the same value, the older item is given a higher order.}}
!Title
!Production company
!Distributor
!Worldwide gross
!scope="col" class="unsortable" |{{Refh}}
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |1
|''[[Khadaan]]''
| colspan="2" |{{hlist|Dev Entertainment Ventures|[[Surinder Films]]}}
| ₹26 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Priyanka |title=বক্স অফিসে ১০ কোটি পার রঘু ডাকাতের! মেগাস্টার দেব ধরা ছোঁয়ার বাইরে, ফের প্রমাণিত |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/box-office-dev-starrer-raghu-dakat-crosses-10-cr-says-producer-mahendra-soni-31759862045940.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116041536/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/box-office-dev-starrer-raghu-dakat-crosses-10-cr-says-producer-mahendra-soni-31759862045940.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2025 |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 October 2025 |language=bn |quote=খাদান- ২৬ কোটি টাকা}}</ref>
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |2
|''[[Bohurupi]]''
|colspan="2" |Windows Production
| ₹21.24 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |{{efn|In India, including West Bengal, the net income is calculated by subtracting GST from the gross income of the film.<ref>{{cite news |title=How is BOX OFFICE collection calculated? Discover the mathematics behind the movie magic |url=https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/how-is-box-office-collection-calculated-discover-the-mathematics-behind-the-movie-magic-article-151759284 |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=www.etnownews.com}}</ref> The net income of the film is 18 crores, resulting in a gross income of almost 21.24 crores, including 18% GST.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sarkar |first1=Niladry |title=How the success of two recent Bengali films prove there are still takers for commercial cinema with original content |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/entertainment/2025/04/10/how-the-success-of-two-recent-bengali-films-prove-there-are-still-takers-for-commercial-cinema-with-original-content.html |access-date=12 April 2025 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]] |date=10 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Shishir |title=Placing order for salty popcorn along with movie ticket online may result in 12-18% GST |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/placing-order-for-salty-popcorn-along-with-online-movie-ticket-may-result-in-12-18-gst/article69043339.ece |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=BusinessLine |date=30 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>}}
|-
!style="text-align:center;"|3
|''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]''
|Dev Entertainment Ventures
|[[PVR Inox Pictures]]
|₹6.1 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title= ভারতজুড়ে ১৫ কোটি আয় বহুরূপীর! বর্তমানে কোথায় দাঁড়িয়ে টেক্কার আয়? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-shares-tekka-box-office-collection-day-39-dev-movie-crossed-5-crore-31731684441229.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127054018/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/srijit-mukherji-shares-tekka-box-office-collection-day-39-dev-movie-crossed-5-crore-31731684441229.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=16 November 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=15 November 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |4
|''[[Ajogyo]]''
| colspan="2" |[[Surinder Films]]
|₹3.2 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Priyanka |title=BO Collection Tollywood: প্রসেন-পর্ণা জুটির সামনে টিকল না জিৎ-রুক্মিণী, ব্যবসায় টেক্কা দিল অপু-অপার ছবি! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bengali-film-box-office-collection-2024-eta-amader-golpo-is-the-surprise-hit-ajogyo-and-boomerang-does-well-31720358391395.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813151116/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bengali-film-box-office-collection-2024-eta-amader-golpo-is-the-surprise-hit-ajogyo-and-boomerang-does-well-31720358391395.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 August 2024 |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
!style="text-align:center;" |5
|''[[Eta Amader Golpo]]''
|Dhagaa Production
|SSR Cinemas
|₹2.1 crore
|style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhanja|first=Sandipta|title=পৈতৃক ভিটে, শ্যাওলা ধরা সম্পর্কের গল্প বলবে '৫ নম্বর স্বপ্নময় লেন', প্রকাশ্যে চরিত্রদের লুক |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/5-no-swapnamoy-lane-directed-by-manasi-sinha-look-out/ |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=24 October 2024|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Priyanka |title=BO Collection Tollywood: প্রসেন-পর্ণা জুটির সামনে টিকল না জিৎ-রুক্মিণী, ব্যবসায় টেক্কা দিল অপু-অপার ছবি! |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bengali-film-box-office-collection-2024-eta-amader-golpo-is-the-surprise-hit-ajogyo-and-boomerang-does-well-31720358391395.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813151116/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bengali-film-box-office-collection-2024-eta-amader-golpo-is-the-surprise-hit-ajogyo-and-boomerang-does-well-31720358391395.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 August 2024 |access-date=8 November 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=7 July 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:center;" |6
|''[[Oti Uttam]]''
|Camellia Productions
|PVR Inox Pictures
|₹1.56 crore
| style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{cite news |title='অতি উত্তম'। সৃজিতের এই ছবির কালেকশন ১ কোটি ৫৬ লক্ষ টাকা। |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/first-week-box-office-collection-alaap-eta-amder-golpo-earns-40-lakh-and-31-lakh-beats-mirza-in-national-multiplex-31714929973582.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505204414/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/first-week-box-office-collection-alaap-eta-amder-golpo-earns-40-lakh-and-31-lakh-beats-mirza-in-national-multiplex-31714929973582.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 May 2024}}</ref>
|}

==January–March==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:6%;" | '''Opening'''
! style="width:20%;" | Title
! style="width:15%;"| Director
! style="width:25%;" | Cast
! style="width:20%;" | Production Company
! style="width:4%;" | '''{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}'''
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#C19A6B; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#F5DEB3;" | '''12'''
|''[[Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole]]''
|[[Debaloy Bhattacharya]]
|[[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], [[Goutam Halder]]
|Hoichoi Studios
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shri-swapankumarer-badami-hyenar-kobole-teaser-offers-a-glimpse-into-the-action-packed-world-of-abir-chatterjees-super-sleuth/articleshow/104486353.cms|title='Shri Swapankumarer Badami Hyenar Kobole' teaser offers a glimpse into the action-packed world of Abir Chatterjee's super sleuth
|date=30 December 2023|website=The Times of India|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''Bijoyar Pore''
|Abhijit SriDas
|[[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Mamata Shankar]], [[Mir Afsar Ali]]
|SR Jupiter Motion Pictures
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Bijoyar Pore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/bijoyar-pore-has-received-recognition-as-an-official-selection-at-kiif-in-bengali-panorama-section/articleshow/105258179.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>
|-
|''Sesh Rokkha''
|[[Sudeshna Roy]], [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]]
|[[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Parno Mittra]], [[Susmita Chatterjee]]
|[[ZEE5]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#F5DEB3;" | '''19'''
|''[[Hubba (film)|Hubba]]''
|[[Bratya Basu]]
|[[Mosharraf Karim]], Debasish Mondal, [[Indraneil Sengupta]]
|Friends Communication
|<ref>{{cite news |title= হুগলির একসময়ের ত্রাস 'হুব্বা' শ্যামলের স্মৃতি ফেরালেন মোশারফ করিম |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bangladeshi-actor-mosharraf-karim-starrer-hubba-a-film-by-bratya-basu-teaser-is-out-31691755284286.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811155430/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bangladeshi-actor-mosharraf-karim-starrer-hubba-a-film-by-bratya-basu-teaser-is-out-31691755284286.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 August 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''Sentimentaaal''
|[[Baba Yadav]]
|[[Yash Dasgupta]], [[Nusrat Jahan]], [[Sayantani Ghosh]]
|YD Films
|<ref>{{cite news |title=প্রকাশ্যে 'যশরত'-এর প্রথম ছবির লুক, 'মেন্টাল'-এর হাত ধরে বাংলায় ফিরছেন সায়ন্তনীও |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/nusrat-yash-nusrat-jahan-shared-their-first-produced-films-look-named-mental-know-in-details-988023}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#8DB600; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#A8E4A0;" | '''9'''
| ''[[Palasher Biye]]''|| Premendu Bikash Chaki||[[Mimi Chakraborty]], [[Somraj Maity]]
| Roadshow Films, Shadow Films, [[ZEE5]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=টেলিভিশনের এই হিরোর সঙ্গে বিয়ের পিঁড়িতে মিমি! টলিপাড়ায় হইচই |url=https://eisamay.com/entertainment/cinema/bengali-movie-news-mimi-chakraborty-and-somraj-maity-will-be-paring-up-for-premendu-bikash-chaki-film-palasher-biye/articleshow/89939578.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pariah (2024 film)|Pariah]]''
|[[Tathagata Mukherjee]]
|[[Vikram Chatterjee]], Angana Roy, [[Sreelekha Mitra]], Soumya Mukhopadhyay, [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]]
|Pramod Films
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Pariah |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/sonu-nigam-has-lent-his-voice-to-the-title-track-of-pariah/articleshow/106952080.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bhootpori]]''
|[[Soukarya Ghosal]]
|[[Jaya Ahsan]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[Sudipta Chakraborty]]
|[[Surinder Films]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Bhootpori |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/watch-the-motion-poster-of-jaya-ahsan-and-ritwick-chakrabortys-bengali-film-bhootpori/cid/1990787}}</ref>
|-
|''Sedin Kuyasha Chilo''
|Arnab Midda
| [[Jeetu Kamal]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], Lily Chakraborty, Sauraseni Maitra, Debshankar Haldar, [[Kharaj Mukherjee]]
|Sandarc Media
|<ref>{{cite news |title='Sedin Kuyasha Chilo': চিরন্তন প্রেমকাহিনি নিয়ে আসছে 'সেদিন কুয়াশা ছিল', প্রকাশ্যে ট্রেলার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/sedin-kuyasha-chilo-arnab-k-middya-directorial-movie-trailer-out-among-all-cast-1043185 |access-date=20 October 2024 |work=[[ABP Ananda]] |date=30 January 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#A8E4A0;" | '''23'''
|''Sada Ronger Prithibi''
|Raajhorshee De
|[[Srabanti Chatterjee]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]], [[Arindam Sil]]
|Michel Angel Studio Adarsh Telemedia
|<ref>{{cite news |title=দুরন্ত অভিনয়ে বাজিমাত শ্রাবন্তীর, রহস্য-রোমাঞ্চে ঘেরা 'সাদা রঙের পৃথিবী' |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/film-review/sada-ronger-prithibi-review-srabanti-chatterjee-in-a-negative-character-for-the-first-time/}}</ref>
|-
|''Ahalya''
|Abhimanyu Mukherjee
|[[Bonny Sengupta]], [[Payel Sarkar]]
|APP Production
|
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#F900A1; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background: lightPink;" |'''1'''
|''Daroga Mamur Kirti''
|Nehal Dutta
|[[Ranjit Mallick]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Laboni Sarkar]]
|Shree Jagannath Films Entertainment
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Niyogi |first1=Agnivo |title=Daroga Mamur Kirti, Dune 2, Laapataa Ladies, The Zone of Interest, Operation Valentine: Films releasing in theatres this Friday |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/dune-2-laapataa-ladies-the-zone-of-interest-operation-valentine-films-releasing-in-theatres-this-friday/cid/2003786 |access-date=9 September 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=29 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background: lightPink;" |'''8'''
|''Bonbibi''
|Rajdeep Ghosh
|[[Parno Mittra]], [[Dibyendu Bhattacharya]]
|Dag Creative Media
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Bonbibi — Goddess of the Jungle |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/parno-mittra-starts-shooting-for-bonbibi-goddess-of-the-jungle/cid/1837983}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background: lightPink;" |'''15'''
|''Tilottama''
|Soumojit Adak & team
|[[Neel Bhattacharya]], [[Trina Saha]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]]
|Anjana Films
|<ref>{{cite news |title='Tilottoma': হারিয়ে ফিরে পাওয়ার গল্প, জীবনের পথে 'জিতে যাওয়া'র গল্প বলবে 'তিলোত্তমা', প্রকাশ্যে টিজার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/soumojit-adak-directed-tilottama-movie-teaser-out-starring-paran-bandyopadhyay-trina-saha-1041323}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: lightPink;" |'''22'''
|''[[Oti Uttam]]''
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|Anindya Sengupta, Roshni Bhattacharya, [[Gourab Chatterjee]]
|Camellia Productions
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Oti Uttam |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/saiyyan-beimaan-first-song-of-oti-uttam-directed-by-srijit-mukherji-released-on-valentines-day-31707904595211.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216001352/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/saiyyan-beimaan-first-song-of-oti-uttam-directed-by-srijit-mukherji-released-on-valentines-day-31707904595211.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Lukochuri''
|Shieladitya Moulik
|Angana Roy, Rajdeep Deb
|Nalini Lakshmi Creations, The Big Day
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Lukochuri: চোরের সঙ্গে প্রেম! শিলাদিত্যর নতুন ছবিতেও বিপরীত মেরুর সম্পর্কের গল্প |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/lukochuri-shieladitya-moulik-s-film-lukochuri-trailer-released-know-in-details-942870}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background: lightpink;" | '''29'''
|''Beline''
|Samik Roy Choudhury
|[[Paran Bandopadhyay]], Sreya Bhattacharya
|Drishtishree Arts Pvt. Ltd.
|<ref>{{cite news |title=ভুল নম্বর থেকে ফোন! বদলে গেল পরাণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ের জীবন, প্রকাশ্যে 'বেলাইন' ট্রেলার |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/paran-bandopadhyay-starrer-beline-trailer-out-now-1051233}}</ref>
|}

== April–June ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:centre;"
! Colspan="2" style="width:6%;" |
'''Opening'''
! style="width:20%;" | Title
! style="width:15%;" | Director
! style="width:25%;" | Cast
! style="width:20%;" | Production Company
! style="width:4%;" | '''{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#808080; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P R'''
| style="text-align:center;background:#C0C0C0;" | '''11'''
|''[[Mirza: Part 1 - Joker]]''
|Sumeet-Saahil
|[[Ankush Hazra]], Oindrila Sen, [[Kaushik Ganguly]], [[Rishi Kaushik]]
|Ankush Hazra Motion Pictures
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Ankush Hazra plays gangster with Kohl-laden eyes in his maiden production, action thriller to release on Eid |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/mirza-teaser-ankush-hazra-plays-gangster-with-kohl-laden-eyes-in-his-maiden-production-action-thriller-to-release-on-eid/cid/2000429}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#C0C0C0;" | '''26'''
|''[[Alaap (2024 film)|Alaap]]''
|[[Premendu Bikash Chaki]]
|[[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Mimi Chakraborty]], Swastika Dutta, Kinjal Nanda
|[[Surinder Films]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title='Alaap' motion poster: Mimi Chakraborty and Abir Chatterjee are back on screen for their next film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/alaap-motion-poster-mimi-chakraborty-and-abir-chatterjee-are-back-on-screen-after-raktabeej-swastika-dutta-joins-in/articleshow/108995116.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Eta Amader Golpo]]''
|[[Manasi Sinha]]
|[[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Aparajita Auddy]]
|Dhagaa Production
|<ref>{{cite news |title=পরিচালনায় মানসী, শাশ্বত-অপরাজিতা জুটি বলবেন 'এটা আমাদের গল্প', প্রকাশ্যে টিজার |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-bengali-film-eta-amader-golpo-teaser-out-now-directed-by-manasi-sinha-31710844084172.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326194800/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/new-bengali-film-eta-amader-golpo-teaser-out-now-directed-by-manasi-sinha-31710844084172.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#f64a8a;" |'''M A Y'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;" |'''10'''
|''[[Dabaru]]''
|Pathikrit Basu
| [[Chiranjeet Chakraborty]], [[Rituparna Sengupta]], [[Dipankar De]]
|Windows Production
|<ref>{{cite news |title=A Grandmaster's tale of triumph on big screen!t |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/a-grandmasters-tale-of-triumph-on-big-screen-dabaru-unveils-first-poster-see-inside/articleshow/109168881.cms}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Nayan Rahasya]]''
|[[Sandip Ray]]
|[[Indraneil Sengupta]], [[Abhijit Guha (director)|Abhijit Guha]], Ayush Das
|[[Surinder Films]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=নয়ন রহস্য |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/tollywood-sources-reveal-that-makers-of-feluda-film-nayan-rahasya-decided-to-postpone-the-films-release-dgtl/cid/1471561}}</ref>
|-
|''Chaalchitra Ekhon''
|[[Anjan Dutt]]
|[[Anjan Dutt]], Sawon Chakraborty
|[[Anjan Dutt]], [[Neel Dutt]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title='অনেকেরই পছন্দ হবে না', মৃণাল সেনকে নিয়ে সিনেমা প্রসঙ্গে কেন এই কথা বললেন অঞ্জন দত্ত |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anjan-dutt-shares-a-special-post-about-his-upcoming-film-chaalchitra-ekhon-on-mrinal-sen-31686460148691.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502054914/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anjan-dutt-shares-a-special-post-about-his-upcoming-film-chaalchitra-ekhon-on-mrinal-sen-31686460148691.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#ffb5da;"| '''24'''
|''Tahader Katha''
|Subrata Bose
|Rishav Basu, Rajnandini Paul
|Epic Tale Entertainment
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Subrata Ghosh's film 'Tahader Katha' is a poignant story of the struggles a writer has to face every day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/subrata-ghoshs-film-tahader-katha-is-a-poignant-story-of-the-struggles-a-writer-has-to-face-every-day/articleshow/103659596.cms |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=14 September 2023}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#33CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''7'''
|''[[Boomerang (2024 Bengali film)|Boomerang]]''
|Sauvik Kundu
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Rukmini Maitra]]
|Jeetz Flimworks
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Jeet and Rukmini's Boomerang brings cine-bot technology and a futuristic bike to the screen |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/jeet-and-rukminis-boomerang-brings-cine-bot-technology-and-a-futuristic-bike-to-the-screen/articleshow/102419541.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ajogyo]]''
|[[Kaushik Ganguly]]
|[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Rituparna Sengupta]]
|[[Surinder Films]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=প্রসেনজিৎ-ঋতুপর্ণা জুটির 'হাফ সেঞ্চুরি' |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/first-look-poster-launch-of-tollywood-actor-prosenjit-chatterjee-and-rituparna-senguptas-50th-film-ajogya-dgtl/cid/1479624}}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''14'''
|''[[Athhoi]]''
|Arna Mukhopadhyay
|Arna Mukhopadhyay, [[Sohini Sarkar]], [[Anirban Bhattacharya]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]], Jio Studios
|<ref>{{Citation |last=Thornton Burnett |first=Mark |title=Understanding ''Iago'', An Italian Film Adaptation Of ''Othello'': Clientelism, Corruption, Politics |date=8 September 2022 |work=Shakespeare Survey 75 |pages=1–14 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009245845.001 |access-date=20 April 2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781009245845.001 |isbn=978-1-009-24584-5 }}</ref>
|-
!rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;background:#d9e4f1;" | '''28'''
|''Alexandarer Pisi''
|Debojyoti Sarkar
|[[Aparajita Auddy]], [[Biswanath Basu]]
|Aditya Production
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Kalki 2898 AD to Jatt & Juliet 3: Films releasing in theatres this week |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/kalki-2898-ad-to-jatt-juliet-3-films-releasing-in-theatres-this-week/cid/2029965 |access-date=5 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |date=27 June 2024}}</ref>
|}

== July–September ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:centre;"
! Colspan="2" style="width:7%;" |
'''Opening'''
! style="width:20%;" | Title
! style="width:15%;" | Director
! style="width:25%;" | Cast
! style="width:20%;" | Production Company
! style="width:4%;" | '''{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}'''
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:plum; textcolor:#010;" |'''J U L'''
|style="text-align:center; background:#f1daf1;" |'''5'''
|''Aranyar Prachin Prabad''
|Dulal Dey
|[[Jeetu Kamal]], [[Silajit Majumder]]
|JSM Entertainment
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Aranyar Prachin Probad' trailer: Jeetu dons the detective hat in this Dulal Dey's directorial debut |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/aranyar-prachin-probad-trailer-jeetu-dons-the-detective-hat-in-this-dulal-deys-directorial-debut/articleshow/111055954.cms |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|style="text-align:center; background:#f1daf1;"|'''12'''
|'' [[The Cloud and the Man|Manikbabur Megh]]''
|Abhinandan Banerjee
|[[Chandan Sen]]
|Little Lamb Films
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Abhinandan Banerjee's Manikbabur Megh proves there is still space for quality cinema |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/abhinandan-banerjees-manikbabur-megh-proves-there-is-still-space-for-quality-cinema/cid/2034608 |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=18 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#f1daf1;" |'''19'''
|''Surjo''
|Shieladitya Moulik
|[[Vikram Chatterjee]], [[Madhumita Sarcar]], [[Darshana Banik]]
|Innovative Films
|<ref>{{cite news |title=A romance wrapped in mist and mystery; 'Surjo' teaser out now |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/a-romance-wrapped-in-mist-and-mystery-surjo-teaser-out-now/articleshow/111139505.cms |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=20 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''Robin's Kitchen''
|Bappa
|[[Bonny Sengupta]], [[Priyanka Sarkar]]
|Pandey Motion Pictures
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Glimpses from the trailer launch of Robin's Kitchen |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/glimpses-from-the-trailer-launch-of%C2%A0robin-s%C2%A0kitchen/1038662 |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|t2 Online]] |date=16 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#0ff;" |'''A U G'''
|rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffff;" |'''2'''
|''[[Kaliachak Chapter 1]]''
|Ratool Mukherjee
|Asim Aktar, [[Rupanjana Mitra]]
|Sahi Bangla Films
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=দত্ত মজুমদার |first1=অয়ন্তিকা |title='Kaliachak Chapter 1': প্রতারণা-হতাশা-খুন-জখমের অন্ধকার জগতের ঝলক, 'কালিয়াচক'-এর ট্রেলারে নজর কাড়লেন রূপাঞ্জনা |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/kaliachak-chapter-1-ratool-mukherjee-directorial-rupanjana-mitra-starrer-movie-trailer-out-1070428 |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=[[ABP News]] |date=29 May 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffff;" |'''15'''
|''[[Padatik (2024 film)|Padatik]]''
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|[[Chanchal Chowdhury]], [[Monami Ghosh]], Korak Samanta
|Friends Communication, Big Screen Productions House
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Mrinal Sen Centenary Film 'Padatik' Unites Chanchal Chowdhury, Srijit Mukherji, Firdausul Hasan |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/mrinal-sen-centenary-film-padatik-1235611807/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=13 May 2023}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Babli (film)|Babli]]''
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|[[Subhashree Ganguly]], [[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]]
|Raj Chakraborty Entertainment
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Abir & Subhashree in Raj Chakraborty's Babli |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2024/jan/01/raj-chakrabortys-new-film-babli-stars-abir-and-subhashree-for-the-1st-time-56480.html}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffff;" |'''20'''
|''Bharga''
|Shuvam Roy
|[[Saurav Das]], Prantika Das, [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], Loknath Dey, Surjo Majumder, Gargi Sengupta
|Akash Anjali Production
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Saurav Das teams up with Prantika Das's Bharga |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/saurav-das-teams-up-with-prantika-das-for-their-upcoming-film-bharga-slated-to-release-before-durga-puja/articleshow/111666379.cms |access-date=27 September 2024 |work=[[The Times of India|TOI]] |date=27 Sep 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|}

== October–December ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#b0e0e6; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" style="width:7%;" | '''Opening'''
! style="width:20%;" |Title
! style="width:15%;" |Director
! style="width:25%;" |Cast
! style="width:20%;" | Production Company
! style="width:4%;" | '''{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}'''
|-
! rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#f40b0b; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;background:#f9827c;" | '''8'''
|''[[Tekka (film)|Tekka]]''
|[[Srijit Mukherji]]
|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]], [[Rukmini Maitra]], [[Paran Bandopadhyay]], [[Tota Roy Chowdhury]]
|Dev Entertainment Ventures
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Dev releases the official poster of his next film, 'Tekka' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/watch/srijit-mukherji-to-direct-dev-rukmini-maitra-and-swastika-mukherjee-in-tekka-official-poster-out-for-durga-puja-2024-release/cid/1989525}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shastri (2024 film)|Shastri]]''
|Pathikrit Basu
|[[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Debashree Roy]], [[Sauraseni Maitra]], [[Soham Chakraborty]]
|Soham's Entertainment, [[Surinder Films]]
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Mithun Chakraborty's next movie announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/mithun-chakrabortys-next-movie-announced-actor-all-set-to-reunite-with-yesteryear-heroine/articleshow/104490248.cms?from=mdr}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bohurupi]]''
|[[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]], [[Nandita Roy]]
|[[Abir Chatterjee]], [[Ritabhari Chakraborty]], [[Koushani Mukherjee]], [[Shiboprosad Mukherjee]]
| Windows Production
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Shiboprosad Mukherjee and Nandita Roy's Bohurupi to release during Durga Puja 2024 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/shiboprosad-mukherjee-and-nandita-roys-bohurupi-to-release-during-durga-puja-2024/cid/2003299}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#7FFFD4; textcolor:#000;" |'''N O V'''
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#dbfff8; textcolor:#000;"|'''15'''
|''Jamalaye Jibonto Bhanu''
|Dr.Krishnendu Chatterjee
|[[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]]
|[[Chocolate bomb|Burima Chitram]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title=Saswata Chatterjee: ঋত্বিক, উত্তমের পর ভানুর পালা, 'যমালয়ে জীবন্ত ভানু'র গল্প বলতে শীতকালে আসছেন শাশ্বত |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/jomaloye-jibonto-bhanu-starring-saswata-chatterjees-poster-is-out-now-will-release-on-this-winter-31693034091981.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902223421/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/jomaloye-jibonto-bhanu-starring-saswata-chatterjees-poster-is-out-now-will-release-on-this-winter-31693034091981.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 September 2023 |access-date=23 October 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 August 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
| ''Kohinoor'' || Sourav Das || Sourav Das, [[Rajatava Dutta]], Soumi Datta Roy|| SDR ||
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center; background:#93CCEA; textcolor:#000;" |'''D E C'''
| rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#B0E0E6;" |'''13'''
|''Mon Patongo''
|Rajdeep Paul and Sharmistha Maiti
|Subhankar Mohanta, Baishakhi Roy, [[Joy Sengupta]], Tannistha Biswas, Janardan Ghosh
|Aurora Film Corporation
|<ref>{{cite news |title=The first look of Rajdeep Paul and Sarmistha Maiti's Mon Potongo is out |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/the-first-look-of-rajdeep-paul-and-sarmistha-maitis-mon-potongo-is-out/de4b85c613667 |access-date=9 September 2024 |work=[[HT Media|OTT Play]] |date=16 February 2023}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;background:#B0E0E6;" |'''20'''
|''[[Khadaan]]''
|Soojit Rino Dutta
|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Idhika Paul]], [[Barkha Bisht Sengupta]]
|[[Surinder Films]], Dev Entertainment Ventures
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Khadaan teaser: Dev and Jisshu Sengupta form an unexpected friendship |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/khadaan-teaser-dev-and-jisshu-sengupta-form-an-unexpected-friendship-68127.html |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=29 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Shontaan]]''
|[[Raj Chakraborty]]
|[[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Ritwick Chakraborty]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]]
|[[Shree Venkatesh Films|SVF]]
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Samadder |first1=Tulika |title=Shontaan: বৃদ্ধ বাবা-মাকে দেখে না ছেলে! মিঠুনের হয়ে মামলা লড়বে শুভশ্রী, বিপাকে ঋত্বিক, সন্তানের ট্রেলার, পরিচালনায় রাজ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bangla/entertainment |access-date=2 November 2024 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=1 November 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chaalchitro: The Frame Fatale|Chaalchitro]]''
|[[Pratim D. Gupta]]
|[[Tota Roy Chowdhury]], [[Ziaul Faruq Apurba]], [[Raima Sen]], [[Shantanu Maheshwari]], [[Swastika Dutta]], [[Debesh Chattopadhyay]], [[Anirban Chakrabarti]], Tanika Basu, [[Priya Banerjee]], Indrajeet Bose, [[Bratya Basu]]
|Friends Communication
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-14 |title=The poster of Chaalchitro: The Frame Fatale is out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-poster-of-chaalchitro-the-frame-fatale-is-out/articleshow/115287408.cms#:~:text=Chaalchitro:%20The%20Frame%20Fatale%20is%20a%20story%20of%20a%20team,the%20edge%20of%20their%20seats. |access-date=2024-11-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''5 No. Swapnomoy Lane''
| [[Manasi Sinha]]
|[[Aparajita Auddy]], [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], [[Chandan Sen]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]]
|Dhagaa Production
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhanja |first1=Sandipta |title=পৈতৃক ভিটে, শ্যাওলা ধরা সম্পর্কের গল্প বলবে '৫ নম্বর স্বপ্নময় লেন', প্রকাশ্যে চরিত্রদের লুক |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/5-no-swapnamoy-lane-directed-by-manasi-sinha-look-out/ |access-date=22 November 2024 |work=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |date=26 October 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2023]]
* [[List of Indian Bengali films of 2025]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/upcoming-movies/upcoming-bengali-movies Upcoming Bengali Films]
{{Indian film list}}
{{Cinema of West Bengal}}
{{2024 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bengali films of 2024}}
[[Category:2024 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Lists of Bengali films by year|2024]]
[[Category:2024 Bengali-language films|*]]
[[Category:Lists of 2024 films by language]]
[[Category:2020s Indian films|*]]

Dushasana (film)

2026-03-06T06:17:06Z

CathernQsh: new post!

{{Short description|Indian political drama film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Dushasana poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Posani Krishna Murali]]
| writer = Posani Krishna Murali
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Murali Krishna
| starring = [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = A. Raja
| editing =
| music = [[M. M. Srilekha]]
| studio = Laughing Lords Entertainment
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|5|27}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Dushasana''''' is a 2011 Indian Telugu-language [[political film|political]] [[thriller film]] directed by [[Posani Krishna Murali]] and starring [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Mahesh, a common man similar to [[Che Guevara]]
*[[Sanjjana]] as Kajal
*[[Tashu Kaushik]] as a news channel reporter
*[[M. Balayya]] as the [[chief minister]]
*[[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as a minister
*[[Chalapathi Rao]] as a minister
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as a minister
*[[Brahmanandam]]
*[[Krishna Bhagavaan]]
*[[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao]]
*Tarjan
*[[Sivaji Raja]]
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapoorna]]
}}

== Production ==
This film marks the second collaboration between [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] and [[Posani Krishna Murali]] after ''[[Operation Duryodhana (film)|Operation Duryodhana]]'' (2007).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/dushasana-coming-may-13-20110512-171218-709.html|title=Dushasana coming on May 13|work=Galatta|date=13 May 2011 |via=[[Yahoo News]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[M. M. Srilekha]].
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bellanni Chudagane
| length1 = 4:11
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 =
| title2 = Zindabad Zindabad
| length2 = 3:06
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 =
| total_length = 7:17
}}

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' opined that "Dushasana is best left to die an early death at the box office".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/164569/dushasana.html|title=Dushasana|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=27 May 2011|last=Viswanath|first=S.|access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> Radhika Rajamani of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' rated the film 2/5 stars and wrote, "Watch this political thriller if you've got nothing else to do".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/south-review-dussasana/20110527.htm|title=Review: Nothing new in Dussasa|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=27 May 2011|access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|6925234}}

{{Posani Krishna Murali}}

[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:2011 Indian films]]
[[Category:2011 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Posani Krishna Murali]]

{{2010s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Navagraham

2026-03-04T04:54:35Z

CathernQsh: typo fix

{{short description|1970 film by K. Balachander}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Navagraham
| image = Navagraham poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[K. Balachander]]
| writer = K. Balachandar
| producer = Rama Arangannal
| starring = [[Nagesh]] [[R. Muthuraman]] [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
| cinematography = N. Balakrishnan
| music = [[V. Kumar]]
| released = {{film date|1970|9|3|df=y}}
| runtime = 152 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Navagraham''''' ({{translation|Nine Planets}}) is a 1970 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[K. Balachander]]. The film stars [[Nagesh]], [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]], [[R. Muthuraman]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], with [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]], [[Sivakumar]], [[Rama Prabha]], [[Y. G. Mahendran]] (his film debut), [[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]] and [[G. Sakunthala]] in supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=பொன்விழா படங்கள்: 'நவகிரகம்' - ஒரே வீட்டுக்குள் 9 விதமான மனிதர்கள் |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/manorama/detail.asp?id=88994 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220112840/https://www.dinamalar.com/manorama/detail.asp?id=88994 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref> It was released on 3 September 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balachandran |first=Logesh |date=5 September 2020 |title=Y Gee Mahendra completes 50 years in cinema: Thanks to the great K Balachander for introducing me |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/y-gee-mahendra-completes-50-years-in-cinema-thanks-to-the-great-k-balachander-for-introducing-me-1718861-2020-09-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825073001/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/y-gee-mahendra-completes-50-years-in-cinema-thanks-to-the-great-k-balachander-for-introducing-me-1718861-2020-09-05 |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=August 2023}}
Nine people living as a joint family in a house have amongst them varied characters with weird idiosyncrasies. A thief and orphan, Baalu, enters the house and uses this to his advantage playing one family member against another. He then realises that he is the son of Somu, the patriarch of the house, and then sets to reunite the family only to be thrown out by all of them in the end.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Nagesh]] as Baalu<ref name="characters">{{Cite news |last=Narayan |first=Hari |date=15 August 2016 |title=The family as a microcosm of the nation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/The-family-as-a-microcosm-of-the-nation/article14571267.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125031715/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/The-family-as-a-microcosm-of-the-nation/article14571267.ece |archive-date=25 November 2019 |access-date=6 May 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Major Sundarrajan|Sundarrajan]] as Somu
* [[R. Muthuraman|Muthuraman]] as Siva
* [[V. Gopalakrishnan (actor)|V. Gopalakrishnan]] as Mali
* I. S. R as Mani
* [[Y. G. Mahendran|Mahendran]] as Anumanthu
* [[Sivakumar]] as Vatsala's lover
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1940)|Srikanth]] as Eeswaran
* [[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]] as Akilaandam
* [[Rama Prabha]] as Amirtham
* [[G. Sakunthala]] as Saraswathi
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Vatsala<ref name="characters" />
}}

== Production ==
''Navagraham'' marked [[Y. G. Mahendran]]'s acting debut in cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nainar |first=Nahla |date=21 August 2015 |title=An interesting character |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/y-gee-mahendra-on-his-love-for-the-stage/article7565930.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303051216/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/y-gee-mahendra-on-his-love-for-the-stage/article7565930.ece |archive-date=3 March 2018 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramesh |first=V. |date=11 September 2003 |title=Stage's where his heart is |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/09/11/stories/2003091100820300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031107005316/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/09/11/stories/2003091100820300.htm |archive-date=7 November 2003 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] was supposed to play the love interest of [[Nagesh]] but was dropped at the latter's insistence causing a permanent rift between them.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=அந்த நடிகையுடன் நடிக்க மாட்டேன் : இயக்குநர் பாலச்சந்தருக்கு கண்டிஷன் போட்ட நாகேஷ்!! |url=https://www.updatenews360.com/tamilnadu/i-will-not-act-with-that-actress-nagesh-puts-condition-on-director-balachander-120422/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825073137/https://www.updatenews360.com/tamilnadu/i-will-not-act-with-that-actress-nagesh-puts-condition-on-director-balachander-120422/ |archive-date=25 August 2023 |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=Update News 360 |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[V. Kumar]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navagraham Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by V Kumar |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/navagraham-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-v-kumar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063001/https://macsendisk.com/product/navagraham-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-v-kumar/ |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer !! Length
|-
| "Ellame Vayathukku" || [[A. L. Raghavan]] || 3:35
|-
| "Yaaro Antha Pakkam" || A. L. Raghavan || 3:20
|-
| "Unnai Thotta" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] & [[P. Susheela]]|| 3:34
|-
| "Neenga Navagraham" || A. L. Raghavan, Ponnusaamy, Major sundararajan, Ragini, Muthuraman, Srikanth, Ramaprabha, G.Sakuntala & [[Choir|Chorus]] || 5:41
|-
| "Akilandam Akilandam" || Ponnusaamy || 4:30
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{K. Balachander}}

[[Category:1970 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Kumar]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by K. Balachander]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=April 2024}}

Oka V Chitram

2026-03-03T21:56:09Z

CathernQsh: Adding a post

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oka 'V' Chitram
| image = Oka V Chitram.jpg
| caption = VCD cover
| director = [[Teja (film director)|Teja]]
| producer = [[Dasari Narayana Rao]]
| writer = Teja
| starring = [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] [[Vamsi Krishna]] [[Poonam Kaur]] [[Madhu Shalini]]
| music = Sri Murali
| cinematography = S. Sundeep Reddy
| editing = Shankar
| studio = Siri Media Pvt Ltd
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2006|05|19|df=yes}}
| runtime = 153 Minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Oka V Chitram''''' (styled '''''Oka 'V' Chitram''''') ({{Translation|A 'V' film/An oddity}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] written and directed by [[Teja (film director)|Teja]], and produced by [[Dasari Narayana Rao]] and Siri Media Pvt Ltd.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/pressmeet1-okavichitram.html|title=Oka V Chitram - pressmeet - Telugu Cinema|date=4 May 2006|website=[[Idlebrain.com]]}}</ref> It stars [[Aadhi Pinisetty]], [[Vamsi Krishna]], [[Poonam Kaur]] and [[Madhu Shalini]]. The music was composed by Sri Murali. The film is inspired by the American film ''[[Bowfinger]]'' and the Malayalam film ''[[Udayananu Tharam]]''. Aadhi Pinisetty made his acting debut in the film under the name Pradeep Pinisetty.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/from-chitram-to-vichitram/article3217814.ece|title=From Chitram to Vichitram|work=The Hindu|date=14 April 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210815200613/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/from-chitram-to-vichitram/article3217814.ece#selection-1391.35-1391.45|archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Aadhi Pinisetty]] as P. Balaram
* [[Vamsi Krishna]] as Santosh Babu
* [[Poonam Kaur]] as Deepa
* [[Madhu Shalini]] as Supraja
* Pooja Bharti as Supriya
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Devam
* [[Krishna Bhagavaan]] as Cameraman Krishna
* [[Telangana Shakuntala|Shakuntala]] as Lakshmamma
* [[Satyam Rajesh]] as Free Free, a poet
* [[Madhunandan]] as Microsoft
* [[Raghu Babu]] as PP Pulla Rao
* [[Srinivasa Reddy]] as Balaram's friend Mahi
* [[M. S. Narayana]] as Dr. Gasagasa Rao
* [[Duvvasi Mohan]] as Head Constable
* [[Ravi Prakash (Telugu actor)|Ravi Prakash]] as Supraja's husband
* [[Rallapalli (actor)|Rallapalli]] as Balaram's boss
* [[Bharath Reddy (actor)|Bharath Reddy]] as Bharath
* [[Kondavalasa Lakshmana Rao]]
* [[Lakshmipathi]] as Saloon Samba
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Costume shop owner
* Ambati Srinivas as Watchman
* Jayavani as Supriya's mother
* [[Banerjee (actor)|Banerjee]] as Police Officer
* [[Ahuti Prasad]] as Santosh Babu's lawyer
* [[Bandla Ganesh]] as Santosh Babu's driver
* [[Sudhakar Komakula]] as Aspiring Actor
{{colend}}

== Soundtrack==
Music composed by Sri Murali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-okavichitram.html|title=Oka V Chitram - audio function - Telugu Cinema - Pradeep Pinisetty, Vamsi, Madhu Shalini & Poonam Kaur|website=Idlebrain.com|date=30 March 2006}}</ref> The song “Amigo” was screened at the Visual Effects Society Festival.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/global-acclaim/article3196190.ece|title=Global acclaim|work=The Hindu|date=15 July 2006|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210815200437/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/global-acclaim/article3196190.ece|archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Oka V Chitram
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Sri Murali
| cover =
| alt =
| caption = Soundtrack cover
| released = 2006
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
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| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
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}}

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:05
| title1 = Titanic<ref>{{cite web | title=Download Songs - Listen New Hindi, English MP3 Songs Free Online | website=Hungama.com | date=2016-07-31 | url=https://www.hungama.com/music/ | language=| access-date=2021-09-21}}</ref>
| length1 = 04:48
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Sowmya Raoh]], Irfan Ali, [[Teja (director)|Teja]]
| title2 = Chandramukhi
| length2 = 04:29
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = Sowmya Raoh, Khushi Murali
| title3 = Sugreeva
| length3 = 04:16
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = Sowmya Raoh, Naveen Madhav
| title4 = Amigo
| extra4 = Sowmya Raoh
| length4 = 04:35
| lyrics4 =
| title5 = Manasa
| extra5 = Sowmya Raoh
| length5 = 04:48
| lyrics5 =
| title6 = Kukka Mokham
| extra6 = Sowmya Raoh, Rimi Tomy and Siva Ganesh
| length6 = 03:38
| lyrics6 =
| title7 =
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== Release ==
A critic from ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote that "Teja has come out with a novel idea and tries to prove that anything is possible, provided one has a positive attitude. However, the idea fails to click and make an impact, looking totally cinematic".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/quite-a-strange-one-this/article18444410.ece|title=Quite a strange one this|date=21 May 2006|work=[[The Hindu]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210815200734/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/quite-a-strange-one-this/article18444410.ece#selection-1297.307-1297.505|archive-date=15 August 2021}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Telugucinema.com]]'' wrote that "''Oka V Chitram'' is just an okay film".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/okavchitram_review.php |title=Reviews : Movie Reviews |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119104120/http://www.telugucinema.com/tc/movies/okavchitram_review.php |archive-date=19 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A critic from ''Full Hyderabad'' wrote that "To cut a long story short, this one is the epitome of Teja’s assessment of his audiences".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/oka-v-chitram/telugu/oka-v-chitram-movie-reviews-1198-2.html|title=Oka 'V' Chitram review: Oka 'V' Chitram (Telugu) Movie Review |work= fullhyd.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|8210882}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oka V Chitram}}
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]
[[Category:Films about filmmaking]]
[[Category:Films directed by Teja (film director)]]
[[Category:2006 Telugu-language films]]
{{2000s-Telugu-film-stub}}

Dhrishtadyumna

2026-02-14T09:12:48Z

CathernQsh: small fix

{{short description|Mahabharata character}}
{{Distinguish|Dhrishtaketu}}
{{Infobox character
| series = [[Mahabharata]]
| image = File:Bilal Habshi - Yaja and Upayaja perform a sacrifice for the emergence of Dhrishtadyumna fr - 2013.305 - Cleveland Museum of Art (cropped).tif
| alt =
| caption = A folio from the [[Razmnama]] (Persian translation of the Mahabharata) depicting a youthful Dhrishtadyumna emerging from fire
| origin = [[Kampilya]], [[Panchala Kingdom]]
| info-hdr = Information
| gender = Male
| title = ''Sarvasenapati''
| weapon = Bow and arrows, sword
| family = {{bulleted list|[[Drupada]] (father)|[[Prishati]] (mother) |
[[Draupadi]] (sister)|[[Shikhandi]] and other sons of Drupada (brothers)}}
| children = {{hlist|Kshatradharman|Kshatravarman|Kshatranjaya|Dhrishtaketu}} (sons)
| spouse =
}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}

'''Dhrishtadyumna''' ({{langx|sa|धृष्टद्युम्न|Dhṛṣṭadyumna|the courageous and splendid one}}) is a pivotal character in the ancient Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He is the son of [[Drupada]]—the king of the [[Panchala (Mahabharata)|Panchala kingdom]]—and the brother of [[Draupadi]]—the wife of the five [[Pandavas]].

Dhrishtadyumna is born from a ''[[yajna]]'' (fire-sacrifice) organised by Drupada, who wanted a son capable of killing his enemy, [[Drona]]. When the [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]]—disguised as a ''Brahmana''—won the hand of Draupadi in marriage, Dhrishtadyumna realised his identity. In the [[Kurukshetra War]], Dhrishtadyumna joins the [[Pandavas]], and becomes the supreme commander-in-chief of the Pandava forces. On the fifteenth day of the war, he beheads Drona, fulfilling the mission of his birth.

== Birth ==
[[ File: BILAL HABSI yaja upayaja performs yagna and emerges of dhristadhyumna.jpg|left|thumb|A [[Mughal painting]] by Bilal Habsi depicting the birth of Dhrishtadyumna. A folio of ''[[Razmnama]]'', the Persian translation of the epic]]
Dhishtadyumna, along with Draupadi, is described as an "''ayonija''", one not born from a woman's womb.{{sfn|Chakrabarti|Bandyopadhyay|2017}} His birth is narrated in the ''[[Adi Parva]]'' of the epic. According to the legend, [[Drupada]] once humiliated his childhood friend [[Drona]] because of his poor financial condition, and this led to hatred between them. Drona then became the teacher of the [[Pandava]] brothers and they defeated and captured Drupada. Though Drona spared Drupada's life because of their past friendship, he forcefully took half of [[Panchala (Mahabharata)|Panchala]]. Humiliated by his defeat, Drupada wanted vengeance, but since none of his children or allies were powerful enough to defeat Drona, he decided to perform a [[yajna]] (fire-sacrifice) to obtain a powerful son.{{sfn|Chakrabarti|Bandyopadhyay|2017}}{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=234}}

Drupada appointed the sages Upyaja and Yaja as the head-priests and the yajna was conducted.{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=252}} After it was completed, the sages instructed the queen of Drupada to consume the offering to have a son. However, the queen had scented saffron in her mouth and asked them to wait till she had a bath and washed her mouth.{{sfn|Chakrabarti|Bandyopadhyay|2017}}<ref name = "C169" /> Unable to wait, the sages poured the offering into the sacrificial altar, causing a youth to emerge. He had a fiery complexion, wore a crown on his head and armour on his body, and carried a sword, a bow, and some arrows in his hands. He then went to a chariot and the people of Panchala rejoiced after seeing him.{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=234}}<ref name="C169">Ganguli 1889, [https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01170.htm Adi Parva: Chaitraratha Parva: Section CLXIX]</ref> Soon after his birth, a divine voice prophesied:
{{Blockquote|This prince hath been born for the destruction of Drona. He shall dispel all the fears of the Panchalas and spread their fame. He shall also remove the sorrow of the king.<ref name = "C169" />}}
This was followed by the emergence of a beautiful maiden from the fire. The sages named the youth Dhrishtadyumna, and the maiden was named Krishnaa, better known by her patronymic name, [[Draupadi]].{{sfn|Chakrabarti|Bandyopadhyay|2017}}<ref name = "C169" />{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=234}}

After some time, Drona heard about Dhrishtadyumna and invited him to his kingdom. Even though Drona knew about Dhrishtadyumna's prophecy, he happily accepted him as a student and taught him advanced military arts. This made him a very powerful warrior, highly knowledgeable about celestial weapons. Dhrishtadyumna became a [[Maharathi (warrior)|maharathi]] under the tutelage of Drona.{{sfn|Mani|1975|p=234}}<ref name = "C169" />

== Draupadi's Svayamvara ==
Dhrishtadyumna hosted his sister Draupadi's [[swayamvar|svayamvara]] and told its rules to the kings and princes. When a young [[Brahmin]] won Draupadi in front of all the princes and nobility, Dhrishtadyumna secretly followed the Brahmin and his sister, only to discover that the Brahmin was in fact [[Arjuna]], one of the five [[Pandava]] brothers.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kapoor|first=Subodh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJ6O8nwsFWgC&dq=dhrishtadyumna+swayamvara&pg=PA117|title=A Dictionary of Hinduism: Including Its Mythology, Religion, History, Literature and Pantheon|date=November 2004|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=978-81-7755-874-6|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Rao|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fWWbFwsTnz8C&dq=dhrishtadyumna+followed+them&pg=PP67|title=Mahabharata, The(Illustrated)|last2=Rameshwar|first2=Shanta|date=1985|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2280-0|language=en}}</ref>

== Marriage and children ==
Dhrishtadyumna had multiple wives. He had four sons—Kshatradharman,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07023.htm|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Dronabhisheka Parva: Section XXIII|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Kshatravarman,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshatravarman|title=Kshatravarman, Kṣatravarman, Kshatra-varman: 1 definition|date=9 March 2019|website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref> Kshatranjaya,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/kshatranjaya|title=Kshatranjaya, Kṣatrañjaya: 1 definition|date=13 March 2019|website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref> and Dhrishtaketu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhrishtaketu|title=Dhrishtaketu, Dhrishta-ketu, Dhṛṣṭaketu: 9 definitions|date=29 June 2012|website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref> The first three were killed in the [[Kurukshetra War]] by Drona, whereas Dhrishtaketu was killed by [[Karna]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/dhrishtadyumna|title=Dhrishtadyumna, Dhrishta-dyumna, Dhṛṣṭadyumna: 9 definitions|date=29 June 2012|website=www.wisdomlib.org}}</ref>

== Kurukshetra War ==
Dhristadyumna was appointed as the Senapati (commander-in-chief) of the Pandava Army in the [[Kurukshetra War]] against the [[Kauravas]]. He maintained his position till the end of the war.

=== ''Bhishma Parva'' ===
Throughout the ''[[Bhishma Parva]]'', Dhrishtadyumna is consistently portrayed as an active and formidable warrior. Early in the narrative, he is seen engaging fiercely in battle and launching direct assaults on Drona. Dhrishtadyumna also directs attacks against [[Bhishma]], the grandsire of the Kauravas. In one encounter, he is pierced by Bhishma, nevertheless, he continues to participate in multiple assaults against Bhishma

Dhrishtadyumna is credited with organizing different military formations on different days, including the crane-shaped (''krauncharuna''), the half-moon (''ardhachandra''), the hawk-shaped (''shyena'') and the crocodile-shaped (''makara'') battle arrays. He continues to lead troops and participate in complex battlefield formations. At several points, he returns to challenge Drona, and during one intense confrontation, he must be rescued by Bhimasena. Dhrishtadyumna later repays his debt by rescuing Bhimasena in battle. He renews his attacks on Bhishma on multiple occasions and even confronts Ashvatthaman, Drona’s son

He is depicted slaying Samyamani’s son and engaging in combat with the formidable Shalya. He also faces simultaneous attacks from Kripa and Kritavarman. As the war progresses, he continues his battles with Drona, leads the Pandava warriors from the front, and is repeatedly shown at the vanguard of the action. He demonstrates his mastery of celestial weapons by deploying the ''Pramohana'' missile against Drona and others. Dhrishtadyumna persists in attacking Duryodhana and remains active through successive days of battle. He again confronts Bhishma. At one point, he leads the Panchalas at the front. In further encounters, he launches multiple attacks on Bhishma, duels with Kritavarman, and continues to strike against key Kaurava figures.

=== ''Drona Parva'' ===
In the ''Droṇa Parva'', Dhṛṣṭadyumna once again fought Droṇa, engaged Suśarmā, and confronted Durmukha. In a later encounter, he made Droṇa swoon by firing a volley of arrows and even mounted the preceptor’s chariot. However, Droṇa recovered and defeated Dhṛṣṭadyumna in the same battle. He also fights with Drona, Jayadratha, Duryodhana, Avanti princes, Kritavarma, Aśvatthāmā and Karṇa several times. During this period, Dhrishtadyumna kills Chandravarmā and Bṛhatkṣatra, the King of Niṣadha. After Drona kills Drupada and Dhrishtadyumna's son, Dhrishtadyumna vows to kill Droṇa. He also slays Drumasena.

==== Killing of Drona ====
On the 15th day of the war, the Pandavas conceived a plot to capitalise on Drona's only weakness, his son [[Ashwatthama]]. The Pandava [[Bhima]] killed an elephant named Ashwatthama. The Pandavas spread the rumour of Ashwatthama's death. Hearing the terrible news, Drona approached the eldest Pandava [[Yudhishthira]] in disbelief, who confirmed that [[Ashwatthama]] had been killed, but murmured that it had been the elephant named Ashwatthama; the latter part of his reply was overshadowed by conches of Pandava warriors. Thinking his son had died, Drona was shocked and heartbroken. He surrendered his weapons and sat down. Drona started to meditate, and his soul left his body in quest of Ashwatthama's soul. Dhristadyumna, taking advantage of the situation, took his sword and decapitated [[Drona]], killing him.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Buck|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztoPmjF0imEC&dq=Dhrishtadyumna&pg=PA279|title=Mahabharata|date=2000|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-22704-0|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-11|title=Dhrishtadyumna|url=https://glorioushinduism.com/2016/11/11/dhrishtadyumna/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=Glorious Hinduism|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Vishwananda|first=Paramahamsa Sri Swami|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ3JDwAAQBAJ&dq=dhrishtadyumna&pg=PT1398|title=Shreemad Bhagavad Gita: The Song of Love|date=2017-01-12|publisher=Bhakti Marga Publications|isbn=978-3-940381-70-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Porwal|first=Gunjan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2VuDwAAQBAJ&q=death+drona|title=Ashwatthama's Redemption: The Rise of Dandak|date=2018-09-12|publisher=Om Books International|isbn=978-93-5276-635-2|language=en}}</ref>

== Death ==
On the 18th night of the war, [[Ashwathama|Ashwatthama]] attacked the Pandava camp during the night, and wounded Dhristadyumna. As Dhristadyumna begs for an honourable death, asking to die with a sword in his hand, Ashwatthama ignores him, proceeding to beat and smother him to death rather than beheading him, but his body disappeared.<ref>K M Ganguly (1883-1896). [http://sacred-texts.com/hin/m10/m10007.htm The Mahabharatha Book 10: Sauptika Parva section 8] Ashwatthama killing Dhrishtadyumna, October 2003</ref>

==Analysis==
In one of the many side-stories of the Mahabharata, there is a drama centred around the fact that Dhrishtadyumna, despite being [[Drupada|Drupada's]] youngest son, is his heir. While Drupada and others give many reasons for this, it is implied that the real reason is that Dhristadyumna has a godly parent, and thus more coveted as a ruler since his rule would seem more blessed. Dhristadyumna somewhat internalizes this, looking down upon Satyajit's [[pacifism]], and [[Shikhandi|Shikhandi's]] single-minded hatred of [[Bhisma|Bhishma]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Debroy |first1= Bibek |date=June 2015 |title=The Mahabharata, Volume 4 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=United Kingdom}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Dhṛṣṭadyumna}}

*{{cite book |title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature |url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/233/mode/1up | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year = 1975| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 |first = Vettam|last = Mani|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Chakrabarti|first1=Arindam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuffCgAAQBAJ&dq=ayonija+dhrstadyumna&pg=PT67|title=Mahabharata Now: Narration, Aesthetics, Ethics|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Sibaji|date=2017-09-19|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-34213-7|language=en}}
{{Mahābhārata}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Valenchery

2026-02-13T12:59:54Z

CathernQsh: put up new data

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Valenchery 
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Morayur.2.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Morayur - Valenchery
| nickname = Town
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala
| pushpin_label_position = Left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|11.1358000|N|76.022200|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Kerala|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram District]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Lok Sabha]]constituency
| subdivision_name3 = [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[R D O]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Tirur RDO]]([[Revenue Divisions of Kerala]])
| subdivision_type5 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[Kondotty Taluk]]
| subdivision_type6 = [[Village]]
| subdivision_name6 = [[Morayur]]
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673642
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0483
| website = {{URL|www.malappuramtourism.org/index.php|1}}{{URL|www.malappurammunicipality.in|2}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Valenchery Town.jpg|thumb|Valenchery Town Juma Masjid]]
'''Valenchery''' is a small town in [[Morayur ]][[Gram panchayat]] in [[Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency)]] in [[Malappuram district]] of state of [[Kerala]]. Valenchery is divided into four Areas, they are Village Road, Colony Road, Madrasa Road and Hilltop Area.Four Wards from Morayur Panchayath partly belongs to Valenchery (Keezhmuri-04, Parakkal-12, Valenchery-13, Thiruvaliparamba-14). Nearest places are [[Valluvambram Junction]], [[Mongam]], [[Morayur]], Arimbra and [[Pookkottur]]. Nearest tourist spot is [[Mini Ooty]].

==History==
{{unsourced section|date=December 2024}}
From 1792 to 1957 Valenchery was part of [[Malabar District]] of the [[Madras Presidency]]. From 1961 became part of [[Malappuram District]] The history of Morayur has connection with [[Zamorin]] Kingdom of [[Kozhikode]]. [[Thinayancherry Elayath]] was one of the ministers of [[Zamorin]] king and he was a native to the place in which he was the family head of mongambulath family of landlords. One Muslim family named 'Kodithodika' was the major family from the earlier history of morayur. At the time of British ruling, it was a common practice to appoint 'Adhikaries' (present day Village Officer) from the major families of the place with inheritance right, so the post was with Kodithodika Family in morayur and it continued after the Independence up to year 1961 when village Reunion ed. The Kodithodika Muhammed Adhikari was the successor of Kodithodika Ahammed Kutty Haji and was the last of his kind, up to year 1970 he was the Adhikari of morayur village. The first [[Gram panchayat]] elected President was Kodithodika Ahmed alias Bappu in year 1969 and he continued up-to year 1995. The history of Morayur has connection with The [[Malabar rebellion]].

==Educational Institutions==
{{Cleanup-list|section|date=December 2024}}
*[[ V.H.M.H.S.S. Morayur]], [[Morayur]]
* [[G.L.P.S Morayur, Valenchery]].
* [[NIT English School]], Valenchery

==Landmarks==
{{unsourced section|date=December 2024}}
* Valenchery Masjid Ibadillahi (Valenchery Mahallu )
* Morayur Village Office
* Morayur Shiva Temple

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Morayur had a population of 29369 with 14644 males and 14725 females.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=2008-12-10}}</ref>

==Culture==
Morayur village is as predominantly Muslim populated area. Hindus are exist in comparatively smaller numbers. So the culture of the locality is based upon Muslim traditions. [[Duff muttu|Duff Muttu]], [[Kolkali]] and [[Aravana]]muttu are common folk arts of this locality. There are many libraries attached to mosques giving a rich source of Islamic studies. Some of the books are written in [[Arabi Malayalam|Arabi-Malayalam]] which is a version of the [[Malayalam]] language written in [[Arabic script]]. People gather in mosques for the evening prayer and continue to sit there after the prayers discussing social and cultural issues. Business and family issues are also sorted out during these evening meetings. The Hindu minority of this area keeps their rich traditions by celebrating various festivals in their temples. Hindu rituals are done here with a regular devotion like other parts of Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malappuram.net/art-and-culture.htm |title=Malappuram News, Malappuram District Map, Malappuram Muslim, Malappuram Hospitals, Malappuram College, Malappuram Directory |access-date=2016-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401052519/http://malappuram.net/art-and-culture.htm |archive-date=2016-04-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{unsourced section|date=December 2024}}
[[National Highway 966 (India)]](previously NH213) passes through Valenchery . Valenchery is between [[Mongam]] and Morayur Towns. Nearest cities are [[Kondotty]](7km), [[Manjeri]](12km), [[Malappuram]](14km), [[Perinthalmanna]](34km), [[Nilambur]](38km), [[Tirur]](38km) and [[Kozhikode]](35km). Nearest Bus Stands connecting to cities are Kondotty, Areacode, Manjeri, Malappuram, Nilambur, Perinthalmanna, Kotakkal, Kozhikode and Palakkad. Nearest Railway stations are [[Feroke]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Angadippuram]], [[Tirur]] and [[Palakkad]]. Nearest Airports are [[Calicut International Airport]](11km), [[Cochin International Airport]](145km), [[Coimbatore Airport]](159km), [[Mangalore Airport]](277km), [[Kempegowda International Airport]] Bangalore(381km) and [[Trivandrum Airport]](374km). Nearest Seaports [[Beypore]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Ponnani]] and [[Kochi Port]](179km)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Valluvambram}}
* [http://malappuram.nic.in NIC]

{{Malappuram district}}

[[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Kondotty area]]

Antim Panghal

2026-02-08T09:49:06Z

CathernQsh: Created New Post

{{Short description|Indian freestyle wrestler (born 2004)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Antim Panghal
| image = Antim Panghal in January 2024.jpg
| caption = Panghal in 2024
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|08|31|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hisar District|Bhagana]], [[Haryana]], India
| sport = [[Wrestling]]
| worlds = {{World3}} ([[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg|2023]], [[2025 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg|2025]])
| regionals = {{Asia2}} ([[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#53_kg|2023]]) {{Asia3}} ([[Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's freestyle 53 kg|2022]], [[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships – Results#53_kg|2025]])
| weight_class = 53 kg
| event = [[Freestyle wrestling|Freestyle]]
| highestranking = 1 (2025)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Women's [[freestyle wrestling]]}} [[File: Wrestling pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 World Wrestling Championships|2023 Belgrade]]|[[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 World Wrestling Championships|2025 Zagreb]]|[[2025 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships|2023 Astana]]|[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships|2025 Amman]]|[[2025 Asian Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[United World Wrestling|Grand Prix]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Tunis Ranking Series|2022 Tunisia]]|[[2022 Tunis Ranking Series#Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament|2025 Budapest]]|[[2025 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament – Women's freestyle#Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 Ulaanbaatar Open|2025 Ulaanbaatar]]|[[2025 Ulaanbaatar Open#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament|2024 Budapest]]|[[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament#Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2026 Grand Prix Zagreb Open|2026 Zagreb]]|[[2026 Grand Prix Zagreb Open – Women's freestyle#Women's freestyle 53 kg|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|U23 Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Bishkek|2022 Bishkek]]|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[U20 World Wrestling Championships|U20 World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 World Junior Wrestling Championships|2022 Sofia]]|[[2022 World Junior Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 World Junior Wrestling Championships|2023 Amman]]|[[2023 World Junior Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|U20 Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[Manama|2022 Manama]]|[[Asian Wrestling Championships|53kg]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[U17 World Wrestling Championships|U17 World Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 U17 World Wrestling Championships|2021 Budapest]]|[[2021 U17 World Wrestling Championships#Women's freestyle|53kg]]}}
}}
'''Antim Panghal''' (born 31 August 2004) is an Indian [[Freestyle wrestling|freestyle wrestler]] who competes in the 53 kg weight category. At age 17, she became India's first-ever [[U20 World Wrestling Championships|U20 World Champion]] in [[2022 U20 World Wrestling Championships|2022]] and defended her title in [[2023 U20 World Wrestling Championships|2023]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antim's goal: To outdo Vinesh Phogat's wrestling feats |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/antims-goal-to-outdo-vinesh-phogats-wrestling-feats-asian-games/20230824.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824101540/https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/antims-goal-to-outdo-vinesh-phogats-wrestling-feats-asian-games/20230824.htm |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> Panghal is a two-time bronze medalist at the [[World Wrestling Championships|World Championships]] and also won a bronze medal at the [[Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's freestyle 53 kg|2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavthale |first=Sumeet |date=2023-09-21 |title=World Wrestling Championships 2023: Antim Panghal wins Bronze to earn India 53 kg quota for Paris Olympics |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/other/world-wrestling-championships-2023-antim-panghal-wins-bronze-to-earn-india-53-kg-quota-for-paris-olympics-2023-09-21-894019 |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-09-18 |title=World Wrestling Championships 2025: Antim Panghal claims bronze to win India's first medal of edition |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/world-wrestling-championships-2025-antim-panghal-bronze-medal-india-news-latest-updates/article70067100.ece |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-05 |title=Hangzhou Asian Games: Antim wins bronze on tough day for Indian wrestlers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/hangzhou-asian-games-antim-wins-bronze-on-tough-day-for-indian-wrestlers/articleshow/104190348.cms |access-date=2025-07-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> At age 19, she represented India at the [[Wrestling at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's freestyle 53 kg|2024 Paris Olympics]], becoming India's youngest female Olympic wrestler.

== Early life ==
Antim Panghal was born in Bhagana village of [[Hisar district]] in [[Haryana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-21 |title=National Sports Awards 2023: Wrestlers Sunil, Antim, golfer Diksha to get Arjuna |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/national-sports-awards-2023-wrestlers-sunil-antim-golfer-diksha-to-get-arjuna-101703183145782.html |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=16 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116194746/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/national-sports-awards-2023-wrestlers-sunil-antim-golfer-diksha-to-get-arjuna-101703183145782.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Her father's name is Ramniwas Panghal and mother's name is Krishna Kumari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Antim Panghal: वर्ल्ड चैंपियनशिप में स्वर्ण पदक जीतने वाली अंतिम पंघल की सफलता की कहानी |url=https://www.amarujala.com/shakti/antim-panghal-success-story-first-indian-girl-win-gold-in-world-under-20-wrestling-championships |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807105547/https://www.amarujala.com/shakti/antim-panghal-success-story-first-indian-girl-win-gold-in-world-under-20-wrestling-championships |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Controversies ==
Panghal used her Olympics accreditation card to bring her sister inside the Olympic village. This occurred after a fight with a French taxi driver over the issue of an unpaid fare.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-09 |title=Watch: Wrestler Antim Panghal back in India after Paris Olympics controversy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/paris-olympics-2024/indiaparis/watch-wrestler-antim-panghal-back-in-india-after-paris-olympics-controversy/articleshow/112399363.cms |access-date=2024-10-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Awards and nominations ==

=== National ===
* [[Arjuna Award]] (2023)<ref name=":0" />

=== Others ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope="row"|UWW Awards
| 2023
| Women's Rising Star of the Year
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Antim Panghal named 'Women's Rising Star of the Year' in UWW Awards 2023 |url=https://thebridge.in/wrestling/antim-panghal-womens-rising-star-of-the-year-uww-awards-2023-45164 |publisher=The Bridge |date=13 December 2023 |access-date=13 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=14 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214033109/https://thebridge.in/wrestling/antim-panghal-womens-rising-star-of-the-year-uww-awards-2023-45164 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Senior career results ==
{| class="wikitable"
! width="30" |Res.
! width="30" |Record
! width="220" |Opponent
! width="60" |Score
! width="100" |Date
! width="180" |Event
! width="120" |Location
|-
! colspan="7" |{{silver2}} Silver Medal at [[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament#Women's freestyle 53 kg|53 kg]]
|-
|Loss
|16-4
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonna Malmgren]]|SWE}}
|0-4
| rowspan="3" |7 June 2024
| rowspan="3" |[[2024 Polyák Imre & Varga János Memorial Tournament]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]]
|-
|Win
|16-3
|{{flagathlete|[[Katarzyna Krawczyk]]|POL}}
|0-6, Fall
|-
|Win
|15-3
|{{flagathlete|Sakibjamal Esbosynova|UZB}}
|10-0
|-
! colspan="7" |{{Bronze3}} Bronze Medal at [[Wrestling at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53 kg]]
|-
|Win
|14-3
|{{flagathlete|[[Bat-Ochiryn Bolortuyaa]]|MGL}}
|3-1
| rowspan="3" |5 October 2023
| rowspan="3" |[[2022 Asian Games]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Hangzhou]]
|-
|Loss
|13-3
|{{flagathlete|[[Akari Fujinami]]|JPN}}
|0-6, Fall
|-
|Win
|13-2
|{{flagathlete|[[Jasmina Immaeva]]|UZB}}
|11-0
|-
! colspan="7" |{{Bronze3}} Bronze Medal at [[2023 World Wrestling Championships – Women's freestyle 53 kg|53 kg]]
|-
|Win
|12-2
|{{flagathlete|[[Jonna Malmgren]]|SWE}}
|16-6
| rowspan="5" |21 September 2023
| rowspan="5" |[[2023 World Wrestling Championships]]
| rowspan="5" |{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Belgrade]]
|-
|Loss
|11-2
|{{flagathlete|[[Vanesa Kaladzinskaya]]|BLR}}
|4-5
|-
|Win
|11-1
|{{flagathlete|[[Natalia Malysheva]]|RUS}}
|9-6
|-
|Win
|10-1
|{{flagathlete|[[Roksana Zasina]]|POL}}
|10-0
|-
|Win
|9-1
|{{flagathlete|[[Dominique Parrish]]|USA}}
|3-2
|-
! colspan="7" |{{silver2}} Silver Medal at 53 kg
|-
|Loss
|8-1
|{{flagathlete|[[Akari Fujinami]]|JPN}}
|0-10
| rowspan="4" |12 April 2023
| rowspan="4" |[[2023 Asian Wrestling Championships]]
| rowspan="4" |{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]]
|-
|Win
|8-0
|{{flagathlete|[[Aktenge Keunimjaeva]]|KAZ}}
|8-1, Fall
|-
|Win
|7-0
|{{flagathlete|Deng Li|CHN}}
|6-0
|-
|Win
|6-0
|{{flagathlete|Alvina Lim|SGP}}
|10-0, Fall
|-
! colspan="7" |{{gold1}} Gold Medal at 53 kg
|-
|Win
|5-0
|{{flagathlete|[[Karla Godinez]]|CAN}}
|4-2
| rowspan="5" |16 July 2022
| rowspan="5" |[[2022 Tunis Ranking Series|2022 Zouhaier Sghaier Ranking Series]]
| rowspan="5" |{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunis]]
|-
|Win
|4-0
|{{flagathlete|[[Esra Pul]]|TUR}}
|8-0, Fall
|-
|Win
|3-0
|{{flagathlete|[[Luisa Valverde]]|ECU}}
|4-2
|-
|Win
|2-0
|{{flagathlete|[[Dominique Parrish]]|USA}}
|11-0
|-
|Win
|1-0
|{{flagathlete|Nour Raouafi|MAR}}
|4-0, Fall
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{UWW|antim-antim|Antim}}
* {{IWD|name=Antim}}
* [https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/antim-antim_1932243 Antim] at the [[Paris 2024 Summer Olympics]]
* {{Olympics.com|antim-panghal|Antim Panghal}}
* {{Instagram}}
* [https://olympics.com/en/news/who-is-antim-panghal-india-wrestler Who is Antim Panghal? Know India’s wrestling sensation] at Olympics.com

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panghal, Antim}}
[[Category:2004 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:People from Hisar district]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Haryana]]
[[Category:Female sport wrestlers from Haryana]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2024 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic wrestlers for India]]
[[Category:Asian Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:World Wrestling Championships medalists]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games wrestlers for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in wrestling]]

Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple

2026-01-30T00:21:19Z

CathernQsh: put up a location

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox temple
| name = Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Kerala
| map_caption = Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple, Keezhamakkam, [[Chenkal]], [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kerala]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8|21|11.9|N|77|06|18.4|E|display=inline,title}}
| country = {{flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
| location = Keezhamakkam, [[Chenkal]]
| elevation_m = 38.82
| deity = Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi
| festival = 3 days annually starting from Chithra poornima day(2) Maha Shivaratri Ayiswarya pooja on all Pournami
| architecture = [[Architecture of Kerala]]
| temple_quantity = One
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}

'''Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi temple''' is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord [[Shiva]], [[Devi]] [[Parvati]] and Lord [[Ganesha|Ganapathi]].

== Location ==
The temple is located at Keezhammakam, [[Chenkal]] Panchayath in [[Kerala]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple - Hindu Temples |url=https://rgyan.com/en/temples/sree-shivashakthi-mahaganapathi-temple |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=rgyan.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Ashish |date=2020-06-17 |title=Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple in Kerala - Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple Pooja Timing, Location |url=https://tours.sacredyatra.com/temples/sree-shivashakthi-mahaganapathi-temple-thiruvananthapuram-kerala/ |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Religious & Pilgrimage Tour Packages}}</ref> [[India]]. This temple is situated at an altitude of about {{Convert|38.82|m|abbr=on}} [[Height above mean sea level|above mean sea level]] with the [[Coordinate system|geographic coordinates]] of {{coord|8|21|11.9|N|77|06|18.4|E}}.[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sree_Shivashakthi_Mahaganapathi_Temple&params=8_21_11.9_N_77_06_18.4_E_type:landmark]

== Festival ==
[[Ganesh Chaturthi]] is celebrated in a grand manner every year.

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sree_Shivashakthi_Mahaganapathi_Temple&params=8_21_11.9_N_77_06_18.4_E_type:landmark Sree Shivashakthi Mahaganapathi Temple]

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thiruvananthapuram district]]

{{Kerala-hindu-temple-stub}}

Colvin family

2026-01-29T19:00:35Z

CathernQsh: new new post!

[[File:Agra 03-2016 13 Agra Fort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Tomb of John Russell Colvin inside the [[Agra Fort|Red Fort of Agra]].]]
[[File:Colvin family memorial.jpeg|thumb|Colvin family memorial in the chancel of All Saints church, Little Bealings, Suffolk]]
The '''Colvin family''' is the family descended from James Colquhoun Colvin (1767–1847), the son of Alexander Colvin (1718–1791) and Elizabeth 'Bettie' née Kennedy (1714–1795). James was a merchant trading between London and Calcutta during the [[East India Company]]. This [[Anglo-Indian]] family was intimately involved with the [[British Raj]], first as traders and then as administrators and soldiers. Their descendants continued in service to the [[British Empire]] and later in some of its constituent countries.

==First generation==
In 1802 James married Maria Jackson (1780–1834) at [[Fort William, India]]. Among their children were:
* Elizabeth Jackson Colvin (1803–1856) who [[cousin marriage|married her cousin]] Alexander Colvin (1787–1864)
* Anna Maria Colvin (1804–1867) who married [[Robert Colquhoun (East India Company officer)|Robert David Colquhoun]] (1786–1838)
* Bazett David Colvin JP (1805–1871) see below
* John Russell Colvin (1807–1857) see below
* Binny James Colvin (1809–1895) who married Helen Catherine née Best (1818–1910) daughter of John Rycroft Best of Barbados
* Henrietta Hall Colvin (1812–1841) who married Rev. Ellis Walford (1803–1881)
* James Edward Colvin (1814–1814)
* Edward Thomas Colvin (1815–1857) who married Mary Anne Browne (1822–1877) daughter of Dr John Browne, Surgeon General in the Bengal Medical Service
* Margaret Matilda Colvin (1817–1894) who married Walker Pitcairn (1808–1857)

Maria's eldest sister had married a Thomas Binny, who had traded at Madras and retired to [[St Andrews]], Scotland. It was in their household that Bazett, John, and Binny Colvin passed their childhood.<ref>p18-19. Colvin, Sir Auckland. ''John Russell Colvin. The Last Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Under The Company.'' [[Rulers of India series]]. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1895 [http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/CADAL/B31388255/]</ref>

==Bazett David Colvin and his children==
Bazett David Colvin (1805–1871)<ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32518?docPos=9 ONDB article on Sidney]</ref> was the eldest son of James.

In 1840 Bazett married Mary Steuart née Bayley (1820–1902) the daughter of [[William Butterworth Bayley]] a director and chairman of the British East India Company from 1834 to 1858. Among their children were:
* Lt Col William Butterworth Colvin (1840–1883), commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion the Royal Fusiliers from 1881 until his death at Bellary in 1883.
* Bazett David Colvin MA (1842–1924) who migrated to Australia and married a widow Jessie Stanley Phipps née Tomlins (1859–1924)
* Robert Colquhoun Colvin (1844–1844)
* [[Sidney Colvin|Prof Sir Sidney Colvin]] MA LLD (1845–1927) - critic, curator, and great friend of [[Robert Louis Stevenson]].<ref>[[s:The Times/1927/Obituary/Sidney Colvin|''The Times'' obituary on Wikisource.]]</ref>
* Maria Colvin (1846–1847)
* Agnes Colvin (1849–1849)
* Caroline Louisa Colvin (1852–1852)

In 1847 he inherited his father's estate at The Grove, Little Bealing, near [[Ipswich]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/LittleBealingsPC/Aboutus/Brief+History+of+Bealings.htm |title=Village history |access-date=2011-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124211344/http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/LittleBealingsPC/Aboutus/Brief+History+of+Bealings.htm |archive-date=2011-01-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==John Russell Colvin and his children==
[[File:Colvin Gate memorial, Bulandshahr.png|thumb|Colvin memorial gate, Bulandshahr: named for Elliot Colvin]]
[[John Russell Colvin]] (1807 – 1857), the second son of James, rose to be lieutenant-governor of the North-West Provinces of [[British Raj|British India]] during the [[Indian Mutiny|mutiny of 1857]], at the height of which he died.

He married Emma Sophia, daughter of Wetenhall Sneyd, a vicar in England; they had ten children,<ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6013?back= ONDB]</ref> many of whom continued the family connection with India.

* James Henry Bayley Colvin (1828–1879), of the Bengal Civil Service.
* Bazett Wetenhall Colvin (1830–1909) who married Mary Elizabeth née Graham (1839–1916) daughter of Major-General Joseph Graham (1799–1880)
* Russell Pakenham Colvin (1834–1892) who married Emily Mary née Mitford (1844–1916), widow of Bernard Augustus Hewitt
* [[Elliott Graham Colvin]] (1836–1883) who married Edith née Cunningham (1846–1914)
* Sir [[Auckland Colvin]] (1838–1908) who married Charlotte Elizabeth née Herbert (1838–1865)
* Emma Colvin (1840–1877) who married Col George Falconer Pearson (1826–1923)
* Maria Worsley Colvin (1841–1869) who married Rev. Simon James Gordon Fraser (1825–1904)
* Clement Sneyd Colvin (1844–1901) who married Alice Jane née Lethbridge (1850–1885)
* Constance Colvin (1845–1902)
* Sir [[Walter Mytton Colvin]] (1847–1908) Barrister at Law, who married Annie née Money (1847–1908)

Bazett Wetenhall, Elliott Graham Colvin, and [[Walter Mytton Colvin]] all passed distinguished careers in India, and a fourth, Clement Sneyd, C.S.I., was secretary of the public works department of the [[India Office]] in London. The third son, [[Auckland Colvin]] (1838–1908), was lieutenant-governor of the North-West Provinces and [[Oudh]], and also served in Egypt. He co-founded the Colvin Taluqdars' College in [[Lucknow]]; he also published a biography of his father in 1895.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earl-soham.suffolk.gov.uk/history/romance2.htm |title=Earl Soham - History: "History & Romance" text |accessdate=2003-11-27 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709081248/http://www.earl-soham.suffolk.gov.uk/history/romance2.htm |archivedate=2011-07-09 }}</ref>

==Further generations==
[[Elliot Colvin (died 1940)|Sir Elliot Graham Colvin's]] daughter [[Brenda Colvin]] (1897–1981)<ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/46400?docPos=4 ONDB]</ref> was an important landscape architect, author of standard works in the field, and a force behind its professionalisation.

One of Clement Sneyd's sons became Admiral Sir [[Ragnar Colvin]], [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]], [[Order of the Bath|CB]], and fathered [[John Colvin (diplomat)|John Horace Ragnar Colvin]],<ref>[http://blogs.abc.net.au/offair/2009/08/its-not-only-double-agents-who-lead-double-lives.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127104233/http://blogs.abc.net.au/offair/2009/08/its-not-only-double-agents-who-lead-double-lives.html|date=January 27, 2010}}</ref> the [[Cold War]] diplomat. Another son Sir C. Preston Colvin had much involvement in railway administration in Burma and India.<ref>{{cite web |title=COLVIN, Sir C. Preston |work=Who Was Who |publisher=A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press|date=October 2012 |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U224019 |accessdate=2 December 2012}}{{subscription required}}</ref>

John Colvin's son was the Australian journalist [[Mark Colvin]] (1952–2017), who wrote of his own and his father's careers in his 2016 book ''Light and Shadow: Memoirs of a Spy's Son''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-31/mark-colvins-memoir/7954598 |title=Light And Shadow: writing a memoir to understand a father |work=ABC News |last=Colvin |first=Mark |date=31 October 2016 |accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Colvin (surname)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Colvin, Sir Auckland. ''John Russell Colvin. The Last Lieutenant-Governor of the North-West Under The Company.'' [[Rulers of India series]]. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1895.Cloth. 214pp. Has been digitised by [[Google Books]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colvin Family}}
[[Category:Colvin family| ]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]

K. S. Puttannaiah

2026-01-26T19:24:05Z

CathernQsh:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1949–2018)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. S. Puttannaiah
| office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Melukote Assembly constituency|Melukote]]
| termend = 2018
| termstart = 2013
| party = [[Sarvodaya Karnataka Party]]
| birth_date = 23 December 1949
| death_date = 18 February 2018
| predecessor = [[C. S. Puttaraju]]
| successor = [[C. S. Puttaraju]]
| constituency1 = [[Pandavapura Assembly constituency|Pandavapura]]
| termend1 = 1999
| termstart1 = 1994
| predecessor1 = [[K. Kempegowda]]
| successor1 = [[C. S. Puttaraju]]
| birth_place = [[Mandya district|Kyathanahalli]], [[Mysore State]], [[India]]
| relations = K. S. Ramesh (brother)
| education = [[St. Philomena's College, Mysore]]
| spouse = Sunitha Puttannaiah
| children = 3 {{small|(including Darshan Puttannaiah)}}
| 1blankname = Movement
| 1namedata = [[Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha]]
| death_place = [[Mandya]], [[Karnataka]], India
| otherparty = [[Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha]]
}}

'''K. S. Puttannaiah''' (23 December 1949 – 18 February 2018) was an Indian politician. He was Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Melukote Assembly constituency]] being associated with the [[Sarvodaya Karnataka Party]].

== Early life and education ==
Puttannaiah was born in Kyathanahalli village, [[Mandya district]] on 23 December 1949, Puttannaiah attended [[St. Philomena's College, Mysore|St. Philomena College]] and earned a bachelor's degree from D. Banumaiah College.

== Personal life ==
Puttannaiah has left his entire family to his wife, to take care of. He had a brother, K. S. Ramesh who died in 2006.

He was married to Sunitha Puttannaiah, with two daughters Smitha Puttannaiah and Akshatha Puttannaiah, one son, Darshan Puttannaiah.

== Career ==
He became a karyakarta of the [[Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha]] in August 1983. Puttannaiah ran for a seat on the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] in 1994, serving [[Pandavapura Assembly constituency|Pandavapura]] until 1999. Later that year, he was named president of Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha. While president of Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha, Puttannaiah contested three Karnataka Legislative Assembly elections and one [[Lok Sabha]] election, all of which he lost. He has been a hero to farmers and has saved thousands of farmers from having suicides.<ref>{{cite news|title=Prominent Karnataka farmers' leader and MLA KS Puttanaiah passes away|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/prominent-karnataka-farmers-leader-and-mla-ks-puttanaiah-passes-away-76666|access-date=26 February 2018|work=The News Minute|date=19 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Farmers' leader Puttannaiah dead|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/farmers-leader-puttannaiah-dead/article22792518.ece|access-date=26 February 2018|work=The Hindu|date=19 February 2018}}</ref> In 2013, he ran in the [[Melukote Assembly constituency|Melkote constituency]], representing the [[Sarvodaya Karnataka Party|Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha]].<ref>{{cite news|title=K.S. Puttannaiah, farmer politician from Karnataka, dies at 68|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RurMb9lmRE6zh9GHwFwooO/KS-Puttannaiah-farmer-politician-from-Karnataka-dies-at.html|access-date=26 February 2018|work=Live Mint|date=19 February 2018}}</ref> Puttannaiah had a heart attack on 18 February 2018 while watching [[Kabaddi]] at Visvesvaraya Stadium in Mandya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farmer leader, MLA Puttannaiah dies at 69|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/farmer-leader-mla-puttannaiah-dies-at-69/articleshow/62974288.cms|access-date=26 February 2018|work=Times of India|date=19 February 2018}}</ref> He was declared dead after being sent to the Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences.<ref>{{cite news|title=Farmers' leader K S Puttannaiah collapses while watching Kabaddi match, dies|url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/news/farmers%E2%80%99-leader-k-s-puttannaiah-collapses-while-watching-kabaddi-match-dies|access-date=26 February 2018|work=Coastal Digest|date=18 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru: Raita Sangha founder, MLA K S Puttannaiah dies at 69|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=496257|access-date=26 February 2018|work=Daiji World|date=19 February 2018}}</ref> Puttannaiah's funeral, held on 22 February 2018 in Kyathanahalli, was attended by several thousand people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands of farmers from across Karnataka bid adieu to K S Puttannaiah, the iconic peasant leader|url=https://viacampesina.org/en/thousands-farmers-across-karnataka-bid-adieu-k-s-puttannaiah-iconic-peasant-leader/|access-date=26 February 2018|work=La Via Campesina|date=22 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Tearful farewell to K.S. Puttannaiah|url=https://starofmysore.com/tearful-farewell-k-s-puttannaiah/|work=Star of Mysore|date=22 February 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Puttannaiah, K. S.}}
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 1994–1999]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:People from Mandya district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian farmers]]
[[Category:Janata Dal (Secular) politicians]]

Tapti Ganga Express

2026-01-21T02:42:42Z

CathernQsh: expanded content

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Tapti Ganga Express
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| image = Thawe_Surat_Tapti_Ganga.jpg
| caption = Tapti Ganga Express train board.
| locale = [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Bihar]]
| status =
| operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
| start = {{stnlnk|Surat}} (ST)
| stops = 36
| end = [[Thawe Junction railway station|Thawe]] (THE)
| distance = {{convert|1831|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 34 hrs 15 mins
| frequency = 5 days a week
| trainnumber = 19045 / 19046
| class = AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| catering = Available
| observation = Large windows
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| baggage = Available
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}} [[Broad Gauge]]
| speed = {{convert|53|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
}}

The 19045 / 19046 '''Tapti Ganga Express''' is an [[Express trains in India|express]] train running between {{stnlnk|Surat}} in [[Gujarat]] and {{stnlnk|Thawe Junction}} in [[Bihar]]. The train is named after the [[Tapti River]] and the [[Ganges|Ganga River]] in India.

It was introduced in 1990 by George Fernandes to run between Surat and Varanasi Junction. In the Railway Budget of 2012–13, it was extended up to Chhapra Junction, and again on September 30, 2025, it was further extended to Thawe Junction.
<ref>{{cite web
|title=Expansion of Tapi Ganga Express Train to Thave Junction for Enhanced Connectivity
|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/gopalganj/story-expansion-of-tapi-ganga-express-train-to-thave-junction-for-enhanced-connectivity-201753988134180.html
|website=Live Hindustan
|date=1 August 2025
|access-date=30 September 2025
|language=hi
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tapti-ganga-express-19045/1619/65/691|title=19045/Surat–Chhapra Tapti Ganga Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-tapti-ganga-express-9046/1620/691/65|title=19046/Chhapra–Surat Tapti Ganga Express|website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==Coach composition==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''Coach Composition of Tapti Ganga Express'''
! Coach Type !! Number of Coaches
|-
| AC III Tier || 4
|-
| Sleeper Class || 11
|-
| Pantry Car || 1
|-
| General Unreserved || 4
|-
| EOG cum Luggage Rake || 2
|}

==Services==

19045 Surat–Chhapra Tapti Ganga Express covers the distance of 1728 km in 32 hours 45 mins (53 km/h) and in 33 hours 40 mins as 19046 Chhapra–Surat Tapti Ganga Express (51 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is below {{convert|55|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, as per Indian Railway rules, its fare doesn't include a Superfast surcharge.

==Route==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
| style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;" |

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Tapti Ganga Express – 19045 Route and Halts (Surat to Thawe)
! Sr. No. !! Station Name !! Station Code
|-
| 1 || Surat || ST
|-
| 2 || Udhna Junction || UDN
|-
| 3 || Vyara || VYA
|-
| 4 || Navapur || NWU
|-
| 5 || Nandurbar || NDB
|-
| 6 || Dondaicha || DDE
|-
| 7 || Sindkheda || SNK
|-
| 8 || Amalner || AN
|-
| 9 || Jalgaon Junction || JL
|-
|10 || Bhusaval Junction || BSL
|-
|11 || Raver || RV
|-
|12 || Burhanpur || BAU
|-
|13 || Khandwa Junction || KNW
|-
|14 || Harda || HD
|-
|15 || Itarsi Junction || ET
|-
|16 || Pipariya || PPI
|-
|17 || Jabalpur || JBP
|-
|18 || Katni || KTE
|-
|19 || Maihar || MYR
|-
|20 || Satna || STA
|-
|21 || Manikpur Junction || MKP
|-
|22 || Shankargarh || SRJ
|-
|23 || Prayagraj Chheoki || PCOI
|-
|24 || Vindhyachal || BDL
|-
|25 || Mirzapur || MZP
|-
|26 || Chunar || CAR
|-
|27 || Kashi || KEI
|-
|28 || Varanasi Junction || BSB
|-
|29 || Jaunpur Junction || JNU
|-
|30 || Shahganj Junction || SHG
|-
|31 || Azamgarh || AMH
|-
|32 || Muhammadabad || MMA
|-
|33 || Mau Junction || MAU
|-
|34 || Rasra || RSR
|-
|35 || Ballia || BUI
|-
|36 || Suraimanpur || SIP
|-
|37 || Chhapra || CPR
|-
|38 || Masrakh || MHC
|-
|39 || Gopalganj || GOPG
|-
|40 || Thawe Junction || THE
|}

| style="vertical-align: top; width: 50%;" |

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+ Tapti Ganga Express – 19046 Route and Halts (Thawe to Surat)
! Sr. No. !! Station Name !! Station Code
|-
| 1 || Thawe Junction || THE
|-
| 2 || Gopalganj || GOPG
|-
| 3 || Masrakh || MHC
|-
| 4 || Chhapra || CPR
|-
| 5 || Suraimanpur || SIP
|-
| 6 || Ballia || BUI
|-
| 7 || Rasra || RSR
|-
| 8 || Mau Junction || MAU
|-
| 9 || Muhammadabad || MMA
|-
|10 || Azamgarh || AMH
|-
|11 || Shahganj Junction || SHG
|-
|12 || Jaunpur Junction || JNU
|-
|13 || Varanasi Junction || BSB
|-
|14 || Kashi || KEI
|-
|15 || Chunar || CAR
|-
|16 || Mirzapur || MZP
|-
|17 || Vindhyachal || BDL
|-
|18 || Prayagraj Chheoki || PCOI
|-
|19 || Shankargarh || SRJ
|-
|20 || Manikpur Junction || MKP
|-
|21 || Satna || STA
|-
|22 || Maihar || MYR
|-
|23 || Katni || KTE
|-
|24 || Jabalpur || JBP
|-
|25 || Pipariya || PPI
|-
|26 || Itarsi Junction || ET
|-
|27 || Harda || HD
|-
|28 || Khandwa Junction || KNW
|-
|29 || Burhanpur || BAU
|-
|30 || Raver || RV
|-
|31 || Bhusaval Junction || BSL
|-
|32 || Jalgaon Junction || JL
|-
|33 || Amalner || AN
|-
|34 || Sindkheda || SNK
|-
|35 || Dondaicha || DDE
|-
|36 || Nandurbar || NDB
|-
|37 || Navapur || NWU
|-
|38 || Vyara || VYA
|-
|39 || Udhna Junction || UDN
|-
|40 || Surat || ST
|}
|}

==Rake sharing==

The train shares its rake with 22947/22948 [[Surat–Bhagalpur Express]].

==Traction==

Both trains are hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Vadodara|Vadodara Loco Shed]] or [[Electric Loco Shed, Valsad|Valsad Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive on its entire journey.

==See also==
*[[Surat–Muzaffarpur Express]]
* [[Shramik Express]]
* [[Udhna–Varanasi Express]]
* [[Udhna–Danapur Express]]
* [[Jaynagar–Udhna Antyodaya Express]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tapti Ganga Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Chhapra]]
[[Category:Transport in Surat]]
[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]

P. Sunil Kumar Reddy

2025-12-30T17:24:10Z

CathernQsh: Adding a bio

{{Short description|Indian director, screenwriter and film producer}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = P. Sunil Kumar Reddy
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|11|30}}
| birth_place =
| occupation = Director, Writer & Producer
| website =
| spouse =
| footnotes =
| children =
| yearsactive = 2001 - present
}}

'''P. Sunil Kumar Reddy'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/characters-real-hero-of-films-director-sunil-kumar/articleshow/22157762.cms|title=Characters real hero of films: Director Sunil Kumar |website=The Times of India}}</ref> is an Indian [[Film director|director]], [[screenwriter]], and [[film producer]] who works primarily in [[Telugu cinema]]. He is well known for directing critically acclaimed films such as ''[[Sontha Ooru]]'', ''Gangaputrulu'', ''[[Gulf (film)|Gulf]]'', ''Oka Romantic Crime Katha'' and ''[[Oka Criminal Prema Katha]]''. Suneel Kumar Reddy is associated with Sravya Films, a film production house in South.
He is also managing director of Screenshot Infotainment Pvt Ltd.
His films won 18 State Awards and participated in several international film festivals.
He was awarded as best director and best dialogue writer for his film ''Gangaputrulu''.
He directed a film ''[[Nenem…Chinna Pillana?]]'' for movie mogul D. Rama Naidu under the banner of Suresh Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-05-14 |title=Sanjjanaa signed up for P Sunil Kumar Reddy's film {{!}} Latest Telugu cinema news {{!}} Movie reviews {{!}} OTT Updates, OTT |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/sanjjanaa-signed-up-for-p-sunil-kumar-reddys-film-hm.html |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref>
He served as a jury member for International Children's Film Festival India.
He rendered his services as a guest faculty for Annapurna Film School and Ramanaidu Film School and conducted several film workshops across India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-08 |title=Director P.Sunil Kumar Reddy: Govt shouldn't neglect Children-oriented films just because they don't bring in votes - Exclusive! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/director-p-sunil-kumar-reddy-govt-shouldnt-neglect-children-oriented-films-just-because-they-dont-bring-in-votes-exclusive/articleshow/92749934.cms |access-date=2024-04-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Early life==
P. Suneel Kumar Reddy is a native of Alaganipadu of Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh.
He studied in Vizag, Sompeta in the northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh.
He completed his degree in Mechanical Engineering. As he was interested in journalism, he started a magazine, ''Kokila'', and acted as editor/publisher of it. Later on he launched an evening daily newspaper, ''City Roundup'', in Visakhapatnam.

<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/filmmaker-throws-light-on-migration-in-covid-times/article32462297.ece|title=Filmmaker throws light on migration in COVID times|first=Sumit|last=Bhattacharjee|newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 August 2020|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Career==
Suneel Kumar Reddy started his career with a film called ''Silence Please'', which is a love story between deaf and mute lovers. His second movie was ''Hero'', a children's film where he shows that both education and indulging in physical activities are important to children; this movie won three [[Nandi Awards]]. Reddy also directed a documentary called ''Chance'', which won two Nandi Awards and was screened at the [[Cairo Film Festival]].
In 2009, Reddy released [[Sontha Ooru]], and it was received very well by the audience and also received critical acclaim. It won Best Film of the Year, and debutant actress Tirrtha received the award for Best Actress.
''Gangaputrulu'', a film about the fisherman community, won Reddy awards for Best Director and Best Dialogue Writer. His latest Malayalam film, ''Marubhoomigal'', won three prestigious Kerala Critics Awards for Cinematography, Lyrics and Makeup.

Sunil Kumar Reddy returns with "Valasa," a social drama shedding light on the struggles of migrant workers endeavoring to reunite with their families amidst the nationwide lockdown induced by Covid-19.

<ref>{{Cite web |last=CH |first=Murali Krishna |date=2020-10-16 |title=Valasa, a film on migrant workers crisis |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2020/Oct/16/valasa-afilm-on-migrant-workers-crisis-20828.html |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-21 |title='వలస' కూలీల వెతలపై సునీల్ కుమార్ రెడ్డి సినిమా! |url=https://www.ap7am.com/tn/695484/sunil-kumar-reddy-makes-a-film-on-migrant-labour |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=ap7am.com |language=te}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Language
!Director
!Producer
!Writer
!
|-
| 2001 || ''Silence Please''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2003 || ''Hero''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || Won three state Nandi Awards, including best children's film.
|-
| ''Megham''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2005 || ''Chance''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || Won:[[Nandi Award for Best Documentary Film]]
|-
| 2006 || ''Prayatnam''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2007 || ''Missing''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''Best Friends''|| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Sontha Ooru]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || Won State Nandi Awards for Best Film and Best Dialogue Writer
|-
| 2010 || ''Gangaputrulu''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || Won State Nandi Awards for Second Best Film, Best Dialogues and Best Direction.
|-
| 2012 || ''Oka Romantic Crime Katha''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2013 || ''Waiting for You''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[Nenem…Chinna Pillana?]]''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{No}}
|
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Oka Criminal Prema Katha]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2015 || ''Miss Leelavathi'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2017 || ''ATM Not Working''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| [[Gulf (film)|''Gulf'']]|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019 || ''Romantic Criminals'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''[[NTR: Kathanayakudu]]''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || Acted in the role of Director Kannappa
|-
| 2020 || ''Marubhoomigal''|| [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2021 || ''Valasa''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| ''Honey Trap''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
| 2022 || ''Welcome to Tihar College''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2022 || ''Maa Nanna Naxalite''|| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Yes}} || {{No}} || {{Yes}}
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=6190049|name=Suneel Kumar Reddy}}

{{Nandi Award for Best Director}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Suneel Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Film directors from Hyderabad, India]]

Sodari

2025-12-29T04:10:45Z

CathernQsh: put up info!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sodari
| image = Sodari-film-poster.jpg
| caption = [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] and [[Pandari Bai]] in Sodari
| director = T. V. Singh Thakur
| producer = {{ubl|G. N. Vishwanatha Shetty|T. V. Singh Takur}}
| story = {{ubl|[[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]]|[[G. V. Iyer]]}}
| screenplay = {{ubl|Hunsur Krishnamurthy|G. V. Iyer}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Pandari Bai]]|[[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]|[[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimha Raju]]}}
| music = Padmanabha Shasthri
| cinematography = B. Dorairaj
| editing = N. C. Rajan
| distributor = Viswa Kala Chitra
| released = {{Film date|1955}}
| runtime = 136 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Sodari''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಸೋದರಿ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 1955 Indian [[Kannada]]-language film directed by T. V. Singh Thakur. The film stars [[Pandari Bai]], [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimha Raju]] and [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]]. The music for the film was composed by Padmanabha Shasthri.
The story of the film is based on the life of Hemavati, the pious wife of King Kailasanatha. She faces numerous hardships along with her children when Kailasanatha loses his kingdom due to a drought. The actress [[M. Jayashree]] plays a negative role of Chanchaladevi, a cunning relative of Hemavati. The movie is based on GV Iyer's stage play ''Anna Thangi'' <ref>{{cite web | url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-Exas_Hmt94&feature=youtu.be | title=ORIGINAL ಕಥೆ ಅಂತ ಅಣ್ಣಾವ್ರಿಗೆ ಹೇಳಿ ರಿಮೇಕ್ ಮಾಡಿದ ಚಿತ್ರಗಳೂ ಇವೆ..! | Halu Jenu Ramkumar | Ep 53 | website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> which was based on the popular legend of ''Nalla Thangaal'' whose story had earlier been adapted in Malayalam in 1950 as ''[[Nalla Thanka]]'' and later in Tamil as ''[[Nalla Thangal]]'' (1955).

==Cast==
* [[Pandari Bai]] as Hemavati
* [[M. Jayashree]] as Chanchaladevi
* Indira Acharya as Chandrika
* Lakshmidevi as Geeta
* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Rajkumar]] as Kailasanatha
* Raghavendra Rao
* [[G. V. Iyer]] as Sarvaantaryami
* [[Narasimharaju (Kannada actor)|Narasimharaju]] as Madana

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by Padmanabha Shasthri, with lyrics penned by [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]].
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#ff9; text-align:center;"
! Track# !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics!!Duration
|-
| 1 || "Hey Deva Girijaadhava" || [[P. Leela]] || [[Hunsur Krishnamurthy]] || 2:41
|-
| 2 || "Nyaayave Devaadhi Deva" || [[A. M. Rajah]] || Hunsur Krishnamurthy || 2:34
|-
| 3 || "Shrungara Madhanana" || [[P. Susheela]] || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 4 || "Belaguva Baa Gelathi" || P. Leela || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 5 || "Aalisade Dayathorisade" || P. Leela, A. M. Rajah || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 6 || "Alabeda Alabeda O Nanna Chinna" || P. Leela || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 7 || "Vidhi Vilasava Enembe" || A. M. Rajah || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 8 || "Oora Serona Begane" || [[Pendyala Nageswara Rao]] || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 9 || "Samsaaravembude Manninda Maadida Madikeyu" || P. Leela || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
| 10 || "Anathalaadenu Ee Jagadali" || P. Leela || Hunsur Krishnamurthy ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0306080|Sodari}}
* [http://chiloka.com/movie/sodari-1955 Sodari (1955)] on Chiloka

[[Category:1955 films]]
[[Category:1950s Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:1955 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Padmanabha Shastri]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

{{1950s-Kannada-film-stub}}

GiMA Award for Best Music Arranger and Programmer

2025-12-25T06:33:12Z

CathernQsh: new details!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
The '''GiMA Best Music Arranger and Programmer''' is given by Global Indian Music Academy as a part of its annual [[Global Indian Music Academy Awards]] to recognise a [[Arrangement|music arranger]] who has delivered an outstanding performance in a film song.

==List of winners==
* '''2010 Hitesh Sonik, [[Clinton Cerejo]] for "Dhan Te Nan" ''' – '''''[[Kaminey]]'''''<ref>{{cite news| url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/3-idiots-sweeps-top-honours-at-gima-awards/709777/ |title='3 idiots' sweeps top honours at GIMA awards |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=11 November 2010 |accessdate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
* '''2011 Sandeep Shirodkar for "Pee Loon" ''' – '''''[[Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai]]'''''
** Abhijit Nalani for "[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]" – ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''
** [[Salim–Sulaiman]] for "Ainvayi Ainvayi" – ''[[Band Baaja Baaraat]]''
** Sandeep Shirodkar for "[[Tere Mast Mast Do Nain]]" – ''[[Dabangg]]''
** [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] for "Oh Girl You're Mine" – ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]''
* '''2012 [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] for "[[Señorita (Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara song)|Señorita]]"''' – '''''[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php?y=2012 |title=Film Music Nominations: Chevrolet GiMA Awards 2012 Powered By LR Active |work=GiMA |accessdate=2 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205173351/http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php?y=2012 |archivedate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
** Abhijit Nalani, Abhijit Vaghani for "[[Criminal (Ra.One song)|Criminal]]" – ''[[Ra.One]]''
** Abhijit Nalani, Giorgio Tuinfort for "[[Chammak Challo]]" – ''Ra.One''
** [[A.R. Rahman]] for "[[Sadda Haq (song)|Sadda Haq]]" – ''[[Rockstar (2011 film)|Rockstar]]''
** Hyacinth D'Souza for "Subha Hone Na De" – ''[[Desi Boyz]]''
** Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy for "Zaraa Dil Ko Thaam Lo" – ''[[Don 2]]''
* '''2013''' – ''(no award given)''
* '''2014 Hyacinth D’Souza, [[Dhrubajyoti Phukan|DJ Phukan]], Nikhil Paul George, Sunny M. R. for "Badtameez Dil"''' – '''''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'''''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/gima-awards-2014-who-won-what/ |title=GiMA Awards 2014 : Who Won What? |work=Koimoi |date=21 January 2014 |accessdate=5 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205224744/http://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-popular/gima-awards-2014-who-won-what/ |archivedate=5 February 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |title=Film Music Nominations: 4th Gionne Star Global Indian Music Academy (GiMA) Awards 2014 Powered By Reliance 3G |work=GiMA |accessdate=2 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205084651/http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |archivedate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
** [[Dhrubajyoti Phukan|DJ Phukan]] for "[[Sunn Raha Hai]]" – ''[[Aashiqui 2]]''
** [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] for "[[Lungi Dance]]" – ''[[Chennai Express]]''
** [[Shail Hada]] for "[[Ram Chahe Leela]]" – ''[[Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela]]''
** Gopi Sunder for "1234 Get On The Dance Floor" – ''Chennai Express''
* '''2015 [[Amit Trivedi]], Sourav Roy for "London Thumakda"''' – '''''[[Queen (2014 film)|Queen]]'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |title=Film Music Nominees: GiMA 2015 |work=GiMA |accessdate=4 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205084651/http://gima.co.in/oty-film-music-nominees.php |archivedate=5 February 2015}}</ref>
** [[A.R. Rahman]] for "Maahi Ve" – ''[[Highway (2014 Hindi film)|Highway]]''
** Abhijit Nalani, Zoheb Khan for "Bang Bang" – ''[[Bang Bang!]]''
** Bharat Goel for "[[Baby Doll (Kanika Kapoor song)|Baby Doll]]" – ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]''
** [[Dhrubajyoti Phukan|DJ Phukan]] for "Awari" – ''[[Ek Villain]]''
** [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] for "Kill Dil" – ''[[Kill Dil]]''
* '''2016 Shail-Pritesh for "[[Deewani Mastani]]"''' – '''''[[Bajirao Mastani]]'''''
** [[Amit Trivedi]], Sovon Mukherjee for "Dhadaam Dhadaam" – ''[[Bombay Velvet]]''
** [[Amit Trivedi]], Sourav Roy, Gourab Dutta for "Gulaabo" – ''[[Shaandaar (2015 film)|Shaandaar]]''
** Kalyan Pathak, Mike Cichowicz for "Girls Like To Swing" – ''[[Dil Dhadakne Do]]''
** [[Sachin–Jigar]] for "Jee Karda" – ''[[Badlapur (film)|Badlapur]]''

==See also==
* [[Bollywood]]
* [[Cinema of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Global Indian Music Academy Awards]]

{{Music-award-stub}}

Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak

2025-12-21T23:16:54Z

CathernQsh: put up new details!

{{Short description|Zeliangrong religion}}

'''Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak''' (TRC) is the traditional religions followed by the [[Zeliangrong]] people (indigenous [[Zeme people|Zeme]], [[Liangmai Naga people|Liangmei]] and [[Rongmei people|Rongmei]] tribes) of [[Assam]], [[Manipur]] and [[Nagaland]] states in [[North Eastern India]]. It is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion based on the fundamental belief of [[Tingkao Ragwang]], the supreme god or almighty and other smaller Sylvan Dieties.

== Etymology ==
''Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak'' means "the religion of the heavenly god" in [[Zemeic languages]].<ref name="Tingkao">{{cite news|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/2799/how-tingkao-ragwang-chapriak-is-keeping-alive-traditions-and-culture-of-zeliangrong-people-in-ne-india|title=How Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak is keeping alive traditions and culture of Zeliangrong people in NE India|newspaper=Imphal Free Press|date=1 October 2020|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> ''Tingkao Ragwang'' means the "Heavenly God" or "God of the sky" and ''Chapriak'' means "religion".<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society|volume=29-30|publisher=Indian Anthropological Society|year=1994|page=174}}</ref><ref name="Kamei">{{cite book|title=Gaan Ngai: A Festival of the Zeliangrong Nagas of North East India (research and Documentation)|last=Kamei|first=Jenpuiru|date=2012|publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India|isbn=978-8-183-70326-0|page=56}}</ref>

== Gods and symbolism ==
Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion.<ref name="Kamei"/> The primary god is the [[Tingkao Ragwang]], the almighty and creator god.<ref name="Epao1">{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Heraka_The_primordial_religion|title=Heraka, the primordial religion|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> According to traditional beliefs, Tingwang is the eternal god with no beginning or end, no father or mother and he is the source of all life and good.<ref name="Epao2"/> He is the architect of every life, source of knowledge and wisdom and nothing can be created without his will.<ref name="Epao1"/> Tingkao Ragwang created the [[universe]], the [[sun]], the [[moon]], other celestial bodies and the natural elements of [[fire]], [[water]] and [[earth]].<ref name="Epao1"/> The other gods in the pantheon include the brotherly gods of Bisnu, Naptime, Karangong, Koloa, Chongchai, Charakilongmei and Dimei.<ref name="Epao">{{cite web|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.Gaan_Ngai_And_LuiNgaiNi_Festival.Aspects_of_Gaan_Ngai|title=Aspects of Gaan Ngai|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 90%"
|+Dieties of the Zeliangrong Tribes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Festival_of_Manipur.Gaan_Ngai_And_LuiNgaiNi_Festival.Gaan-Ngai_the_Ritual_Festival_of_Zeliangrong_Part_2_By_Chaoba_Kamson|title=Gaan Ngai Festival-Part 2|first=Chaoba|last=Kamson|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="Epao1"/>
|-
!God
!Alternate names
!Abode
|-
|[[Tingkao Ragwang]]
|Charagwang, Tingwang, Samthingphenmei,Buchameipu,
|Tingkao Kaidai
|-
|[[Ragwang]]
|Na Ragwang
|Ragwang Phaipa, Koubru
|-
|[[Vishnu|Bisnu]]
|Manchanu, Buichanu, Bonchanu
|Bhubon Hill, Cachar
|-
|Napsinmei
|Laorang, Naptime
|Ganglon Namthan (Phoulungba)
|-
|Chongchai
|Chonchai
|Kashokbut, Taosang
|-
|Charakilongmei
|
|Bena (Thongrang Akutpa)
|-
|Koklou
|Koloa
|Pongringlong
|-
|Karangong
|Karagong
|Puching (Kheba Ching), Tamenglong
|-
|Dimei
|
|Under the earth
|}

Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak uses a symbol called ''Boudan'' made of crisscrossed lines representing the [[zodiac]] within a circle, representing the universe, with the sun and moon inside, all of which are the creation of Tingwang.<ref name="Epao2">{{cite web|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.Tingkao_Ragwang_Chapriak_Part_1i|title=Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

== Beliefs ==
Tingkao Ragwang is the eternal god with the ultimate source and power of the universe and is the prime subject of religious devotion.<ref name="Epao1"/> He is omnipotent, omnipresent, and omniscient.<ref name="Epao2"/> Tingwang is the creator, operator and destroyer and 'the king of the Gods' with no end or beginning. Depending on the beliefs, Tingwang wanted to create human beings who could rule the world, make offerings and remember him. For the purpose, he created two deities named ''Dampapu'' and ''Dampapui'' to create the human beings. The two deities took a long time to create the first human beings, but the first man and woman were lifeless and could not move their limbs. Tingwang then gave ''Buh'' ("soul") and life began.<ref name="Epao1"/> According to the beliefs, every creature has a soul which cannot be seen but felt by placing the hands against the heart and when someone dies, the soul never dies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.The_Concept_of_Soul_in_Tingkao_Ragwang_Chapriak_Part_1|title=Concept of soul|publisher=E-pao|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> The ultimate goal of the human soul is to reach the abode of Tingwang.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur|first=Khomdan Singh|last=Lisam|year=2011|isbn=978-8-178-35864-2|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|page=623}}</ref>

As per traditional beliefs, souls after the separation from body live in ''Taroilam'', presided over by god ''Taroigong'' and packets of food called ''Thei Napdom'' are buried along with the dead bodies for the journey.<ref name="Epao"/> The soul of a person who had died after the preceding year's festival has not yet made to the final destination and homage to the departed souls are done by the individual families to enable the souls to reach the final destination.<ref name="Epao"/> [[Heaven]] is the dwelling place of God and symbolizes light and happiness. Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak people believe in the existence of heaven at Tingkao Kaidai, the abode of Tingkao Ragwang.<ref name="Epao2"/> Only if the soul is free from all feelings and if one has live a righteous life, then the soul will proceed to reach the realm of Tingwang.<ref name="Epao2"/>

== Practices ==
[[Gaan-Ngai]] is a festival of light, celebrating the victory of light over evil.<ref>{{cite book|title=Saṃskr̥ti sandhāna|volume=20|year=2007|publisher=Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṃskr̥ti Śodha Saṃsthāna|page=206}}</ref> It is a [[Postharvest|post]] [[harvest festival]] celebrated to thank the God Tingkao Ragwang for a good harvest season and heralds the beginning of a new year.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur|first=Khomdan Singh|last=Lisam|year=2011|isbn=978-8-178-35864-2|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|page=623}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Concise Encyclopaedia of India|last=Gupta|first=K. R. Gupta & Amita|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=978-8-126-90639-0}}</ref> The festival is celebrated for five days and involves congregational prayers and invocation to the almighty god Tingkao Ragwang.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/lifestyle/culture/manipurs-zeliangrong-tribe-celebrates-gaan-ngai-festival20200118224516/|title=Manipur's Zeliangrong tribe celebrates Gaan-Ngai festival|work=ANI News|date=19 January 2018|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> Tingkao Rangwang is offered the first taste of meals and drinks, prepared during the festival and the festival also involves sacrifice and rituals to the other gods and goddesses of the lower realm.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gaan Ngai: A Festival of the Zeliangrong Nagas of North East India (research and Documentation)|last=Kamei|first=Jenpuiru|date=2012|publisher=Ministry of Culture, Government of India|isbn=978-8-183-70326-0|page=126}}</ref><ref name="Epao"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Nagaland}}

[[Category:Ethnic religions in Asia]]
[[Category:Indian religions]]
[[Category:Polytheism]]

Electoral history of Indira Gandhi

2025-12-21T09:11:49Z

CathernQsh: new pg!

{{Short description|Elections featuring Prime Minister of India}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
[[File:IndiraGandhi.png|thumb|[[Indira Gandhi]]]]

This is a summary of the '''electoral history of [[Indira Gandhi]]''', who served as the [[prime minister of India]] from January 1966 to March 1977, and again from January 1980 to October 1984.

== Detailed results ==
===General Election 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Rae Bareli<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date= 9 September 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (R)
|candidate = [[Indira Gandhi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:183309}}
|percentage = 66.35%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samyukta Socialist Party
|candidate = [[Raj Narain]]
|votes = {{formatnum:71499}}
|percentage = 25.88%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Swami Adwaita Nand
|votes = {{formatnum:16627}}
|percentage = 6.02%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)
|candidate = Rameshwar Dutta Manav
|votes = {{formatnum:4839}}
|percentage = 1.75%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:111810}}
|percentage = 39.26%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:284752}}
|percentage = 55.22%
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:515711}}
}}

{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

* Gandhi's election was [[State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain|annulled by the Allahabad High Court]] in June 1975 on a technicality, but the [[Supreme Court of India]] overturned the decision following an amendment to the constitution.

===General Election 1977===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1977 Indian general election]]: [[Rae Bareli]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[Raj Narain]]
|votes = 177,719
|percentage = 53.51
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (R)
|candidate =[[Indira Gandhi]]
|votes = 122,517
|percentage = 36.89
|change = {{decrease}}29.46
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = P. Nallathampy Terah
|votes = 9,311
|percentage = 2.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kamal Ahamad Khan
|votes = 7,467
|percentage = 2.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Krishna Prasad
|votes = 4,083
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 55,202
|percentage = 16.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 332,122
|percentage = 52.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

This time the incumbent Prime minister [[Indira Gandhi]] lost to her opponent, the only such instance to date.

=== 1978 by-election ===

{{Election box begin | title=1978 Lok Sabha by-election: Chikmagalur<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=9 November 1978 |title=November 9, 1978, Forty Years Ago |url= https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/november-9-1978-forty-years-ago-5438363/|work=The Indian Express|location= |access-date=11 February 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (I)
|candidate = [[Indira Gandhi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:249376}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[Veerendra Patil]]
|votes = {{formatnum:172043}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:77333}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:}}
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Medak}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (I)
|candidate = [[Indira Gandhi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:301577}}
|percentage = 67.93%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[S. Jaipal Reddy]]
|votes = {{formatnum:82453}}
|percentage = 18.57%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party (Secular)
|candidate = Kesava Rao Jadav
|votes = {{formatnum:26149}}
|percentage = 5.89%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:219124}}
|percentage = 49.36%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:443934}}
|percentage = 63.21%
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:724930}}
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Election 1980===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1980 Indian general election]]: Rae Bareli}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress (I)
|candidate = [[Indira Gandhi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:223903}}
|percentage = 58.27%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party
|candidate = [[Vijayaraje Scindia]]
|votes = {{formatnum:50249}}
|percentage = 12.58%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Janata Party (Secular)
|candidate = Mahipal Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:48353}}
|percentage = 13.08%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:173654}}
|percentage = 45.19%
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:384249}}
|percentage = 56.68%
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:699064}}
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|winner=Indian National Congress|loser=|swing=}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Electoral history of the Indian National Congress]]
* [[Electoral history of Rahul Gandhi]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Electoral history of Indian politicians|Gandhi ]]
[[Category:Indira Gandhi]]
[[Category:Electoral history of women politicians|Gandhi ]]

Shivarama Karantha Balavana

2025-12-20T00:28:06Z

CathernQsh: put up new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Kn
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shivarama Karantha Balavana
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location at Puttur
| coordinates = {{coord|12|44|53.52|N|75|12|13.32|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} 12° 44' 53.52'' N 75° 12' 13.32'' E
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dakshina Kannada]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 03.01.2002<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Balavana |url=https://kannadasiri.karnataka.gov.in/121/karanthabalavan/kn |website=GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA Official Website}}</ref>
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
}}

The '''Shivarama Karantha Balavana''' is notable for its fame under the name of Jnanapeeta awardee [[Shivaram Karanth|Kota Shivarama Karantha]]r,<ref name="auto2">{{cite web
| title = Jnanapeeth Awards
| url = http://ekavi.org/jnanpeeth.htm
| publisher = Ekavi
| access-date = 31 October 2006
| url-status = usurped
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427081930/http://www.ekavi.org/jnanpeeth.htm
| archive-date=27 April 2006}}
</ref> who lived in Puttur. His home now houses a museum, a park, and a recreation center. This a multi-purpose tourist attraction, at [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]], south part of [[Mangalore]] city in [[Karnataka]], under trust managed District Administration of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and Kannada And Culture Department of Karntaka Government.<ref name="auto"/> It is a major tourist attraction of [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]]. It attracts large number of tourists due to the availability of multiple facilities.<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reporter |title=Get a glimpse into Karanth's life at Balavana |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Get-a-glimpse-into-Karanth%E2%80%99s-life-at-Balavana/article17115902.ece |work=The Hindu |date=30 January 2017 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==History==
Balavana was the name Shivarama Karantha gave to the location, which was a nursery where kids could play and eat. Over the course of his more than 40-year residence here, Karanth produced a number of his literary masterpieces, engaged in a number of [[Yakshagana]] projects, and oversaw an experimental school.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="main">{{cite news |title=Balavana, a nursery of ideas |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/9545/balavana-nursery-ideas.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=22 June 2009 |language=en}}</ref> In this location, he lived and wrote frantically, developing and creating and breathing life into unforgettable characters like Choma in Chomana Dudi, Gopalaiah in Bettada Jeeva, or Mookajji of his novel.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |title=Infusing new life into Balavana |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/560160/infusing-life-balavana.html |work=Deccan Herald |date=25 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

==Kota Shivaram Karanth==
'''Kota Shivaram Karanth''' (10 October 1902 – 9 December 1997), also abbreviated as '''K. Shivaram Karanth''', was an Indian [[polymath]], who was a novelist in [[Kannada language]], [[playwright]] and an ecological [[conservation movement|conservationist]]. [[Ramachandra Guha]] called him the "Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India, who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020626122257/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/11/26/stories/13260411.htm The Arun Shourie of the left]. Thehindu.com (26 November 2000). Retrieved on 2018-11-15.</ref> He was the third writer<ref name="auto2"/> to be decorated with the [[Jnanpith Award]] for [[Kannada language|Kannada]], the highest literary honor conferred in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings |publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007 }}</ref>

==Main Attractions==
The state government created a committee to oversee this bustling cultural, recreational, and educational centre that was once Karanth's residence. Like its creator, it investigates a wide range of topics.<ref name="main"/>

===Art Gallery of Shivarama Karantha===
In order to acquire 55 oil paintings linked to the books authored by Dr. Karanth and preserve them well mounted and protected for public viewing, some 50 artists have stepped forward to discuss the matter among themselves.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balavana |url=https://karanthabalavana.org/en/art-gallery |website=karanthabalavana.org}}</ref>

===Shivarama Karanth's house===
Dr. K. Shivarama Karanth's house is now the museum. Here, the audience can view Karanth's rare photos and the coveted [[Jnanpith Award|Jnanapeeta award]], which is regarded as the highest honour in the world of writing and which Karanth won for his book "Mookajjiya Kanasugalu."{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

===Library===
In close proximity to the museum is the library, including the open hall where Karanth is reported to have done much of his writing via the twisting staircase that is now strengthened. The library offers a good collection in addition to its ancient volumes.<ref name="main"/>

== See also ==
* [[Kadri Park]]
* [[Tagore Park]]
* [[St. Aloysius Chapel]]
* [[Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum|Bejai Museum]]
* [[Aloyseum]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Tourist attractions in Mangalore]]
[[Category:Parks in Mangalore]]

Religare

2025-11-28T10:27:47Z

CathernQsh: Adding new article

{{Short description|Indian financial services company}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=November 2025}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2025}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Religare Enterprises Limited.
| logo = Religare_logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NSE|RELIGARE}}|{{BSE|532915}}}}
| location_city = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = India
| founders =
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|Rashmi Saluja (Chairperson)<ref>{{cite news|title=Religare Board of Directors|url=https://www.religare.com/leadership-team-board-directors.aspx}}</ref>}}
| industry = [[Financial services]]
| services = {{unbulleted list|[[SME finance]]|[[NBFC]]|Retail Broking|[[Health Insurance]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|6235|c}} (2024)<ref name="Revenue">{{cite news |title=Religare Enterprises Ltd Profit & Loss Statement|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/india/stockpricequote/finance-investments/religareenterprises/RE09 |work=Moneycontrol|ref=Revenue}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|318|c}} (2024)<ref name="Revenue"/>
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|347|c}} (2024)<ref name="Revenue"/>
| assets = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|9577|c}} (2024)<ref name="Revenue"/>
| equity = {{Increase}} {{INRConvert|2343|c}} (2024)<ref name="Revenue"/>
| subsid = {{unbulleted list|Religare Finvest Ltd|Religare Broking Ltd|Care Health Insurance }}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.religare.com/}}
}}

'''Religare Enterprises Limited (REL)''' is an Indian investment and financial services holding company, headquartered in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Religare share price live today - Why Religare share price is falling by 0.44% today? Religare share price analysis {{!}} ETMarkets |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/religare-enterprises-ltd/stocks/companyid-20026.cms |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> REL is listed on [[National Stock Exchange of India]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Religare Enterprises Limited |url=https://www.nseindia.com/get-quotes/equity?symbol=RELIGARE |website=Nseindia}}</ref> and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Stock Share Price BSE - REL |url=https://www.bseindia.com/stock-share-price/x/y/532915/ |website=BSE India}}</ref> It is registered with the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI).<ref>{{cite web |title=Religare Chief Under Fire: IRDAI Probes Stock Option Grant, Governance in Question |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/business/religare-chief-under-fire-irdai-probes-stock-option-grant-governance-in-question |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Founded in 1982, initially Religare was a stock brokerage firm called Religare Securities Limited (RSL) and was admitted to the [[National Stock Exchange of India|National Stock Exchange]] (NSE) in 1994. The erstwhile promoters were Malvinder Mohan Singh and Shivinder Mohan Singh who were part of Ranbaxy Group before selling their stake in Ranbaxy to Daiichi Sankyo in 2008. In 2000, it secured membership of the Futures and Options segment of the NSE and also registered with [[National Securities Depository Limited]] (NSDL) as a depository participant.<ref>{{cite web|title=Company History – Religare Enterprises Ltd. (REL) – The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/religare-enterprises-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-20026.cms}}</ref>

Religare Finvest Ltd (RFL), a group company, was founded in 2001 as a private non-banking financial institution. In 2002, RSL received registration as ‘Portfolio Manager’ from [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI). RSL registered with [[Central Depository Services Limited]] (CDSL) as a depository participant in 2003. It also became a stock broker at the [[Bombay Stock Exchange]] (BSE) in 2004. In the same year, Religare Commodities Limited, a commodities broking company, started operations as a ‘trading cum clearing member’ at both the [[Multi Commodity Exchange]] (MCX) and the [[National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange]] (NCDEX).{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

An office was established in London in 2006. In 2006, RSL received registration as Merchant Banker in Category – I from SEBI. Religare announced a joint venture with Macquarie Bank Ltd. in October 2007 to expand its wealth management business. REL went public with an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) of its stock in November, 2007, which was oversubscribed 159 times.<ref>{{cite web|title=Official NSE India report 2008|url=http://www.nseindia.com/content/us/ismr2008ch2.pdf}}</ref> The same year, RSL received membership of derivative segment of the BSE as trading-cum-clearing member.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Religare Enterprises Ltd Peer Comparison, Compare Religare Enterprises Ltd with Peer Companies – The Financial Express|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/market/stock-market/religare-enterprises-ltd-stock-price/peer-comparison/|access-date=2020-12-03|website=www.financialexpress.com}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}

In 2008, Religare started a joint-venture life assurance business with [[Aegon N.V.]] and [[Bennett and Coleman|Bennett, Coleman & Company]] called [[Aegon Life Insurance Company|Aegon Religare Life Insurance Company]]. Religare exited the joint venture in 2015 by selling its stake to Bennett, Coleman & Company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Religare to exit from Aegon Religare Life Insurance|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/religare-to-exit-from-aegon-religare-life-insurance-115051200698_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=12 May 2015|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref>

In 2011, Religare Finvest successfully issued non-convertible debentures (NCDs) worth ₹800 crores. In December 2011, Avigo Capital<ref>{{cite web|title=Religare Finvest Raising Rs 150Cr From Avigo Capital – VCCircle|url=http://www.vccircle.com/news/banking/2011/11/18/religare-finvest-raising-rs-150cr-avigo-capital|date=18 November 2011}}</ref> and in January 2012, Jacob Ballas<ref>{{cite news|title=Jacob Ballas to invest Rs 200 cr in Religare Finvest|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/jacob-ballas-to-invest-rs-200-cr-in-religare-finvest-112010200177_1.html|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=2 January 2012|agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref> invest in Religare Finvest Limited (RFL). In 2012 [[International Finance Corporation]] (IFC), an arm of [[World Bank Group]], invested in Religare.<ref>{{cite web|title=IFC to invest $75 m in Religare Enterprises – The Hindu BusinesLine|date=2 October 2012 |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/ifc-to-invest-75-m-in-religare-enterprises/article3958475.ece}}</ref> Religare Health Insurance Company Limited (RHIC) started operations in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 October 2012|title=Religare Health Insurance announces launch of its operations|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-11/news/34387672_1_religare-health-insurance-anuj-gulati-bank-partners|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305102148/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-11/news/34387672_1_religare-health-insurance-anuj-gulati-bank-partners|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> [[Union Bank of India]] and [[Corporation Bank]] tie up with Religare Health Insurance. In 2013 Religare bought Macquarie's stake in the wealth management business. In the same year the name of Religare Mutual Fund was changed to Religare Invesco Mutual Fund. In 2014 Religare announced acquiring a 26% stake in YourNest Angel Fund through its Global Asset Management arm (RGAM).<ref>{{cite news|title=Religare Global buys stake in YourNest – The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-business/religare-global-buys-stake-in-yournest/article6660002.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 December 2014}}</ref>
Religare has exited its global asset management business. In February 2017, Anand Rathi Wealth Management acquired Religare's wealth management business.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anand Rathi Wealth Management acquires Religare's Wealth Management Business|url= http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/57210621.cms|newspaper= The Economic Times|date= 17 February 2017|last1= Shukla|first1= Saloni}}</ref> In April 2017, Religare announced that it had sold its stake to the True North a consortium of PE investors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Religare sells 80% stake in health insurance arm to True North, others|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/ikUrvoEshkw3P1siSv5qTM/Religare-sells-80-stake-in-health-insurance-arm-to-True-Nor.html|date=9 April 2017}}</ref>

Kavi Arora was the MD & CEO of Religare from Nov 2011 to 2017. In January 2018 Reserve Bank of India (RBI) put RFL under a Corrective Action Plan (CAP) due to issues emanating from siphoning and misappropriation of funds by erstwhile promoters of REL and their associates and it was prohibited by RBI from expanding its Credit portfolio other than investments in Government Securities.{{reference needed|date=November 2025}}

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has been investigating Religare based on a case filed by the Delhi Police in 2019. The Delhi Police had arrested erstwhile founders Shivinder Mohan Singh and Malvinder Mohan Singh, as well as, former CMD of Religare Enterprises, [[Sunil Godhwani]]. The ED took their custody and a charge sheet was filed in January 2020.{{reference needed|date=November 2025}}

RFL defaulted on interest payment to bond holders due on February 25, 2022 due to asset liability mismatch, said to arise out of siphoning and misappropriation of funds by erstwhile promoters of its parent company.{{reference needed|date=November 2025}}

RFL and REL entered into a settlement agreement with 16 lenders in Dec 2022 (including SBI, Bank of Baroda, UBI, Canara Bank, PNB, BoI, IDBI Bank, P&SB, BoM) and a one time settlement (OTS) was completed in Mar 2023.{{reference needed|date=November 2025}}

In Dec 2023 Delhi High Court directed the removal of the Fraud label from RFL by Lenders.{{reference needed|date=November 2025}}

== Subsidiaries ==
* Religare Finvest Limited (RFL)
* Religare Housing Development Corporation Finance Limited (RHDFCL)
* Care Health Insurance (70%)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mascarenhas |first1=Rajesh |title=Religare plans ₹2,000-cr IPO for Care Health |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/ipos/fpos/religare-plans-2000-cr-ipo-for-care-health/articleshow/83617197.cms |access-date=19 February 2023 |work=The Economic Times |date=18 June 2021}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.religare.com/ Official website]
* [https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/religare-enterprises-ltd/infocompanyhistory/companyid-20026.cms Religare] on [[The Economic Times]]

[[Category:Financial services companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1982]]
[[Category:Brokerage firms]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Kargyong

2025-11-26T10:41:20Z

CathernQsh:

{{short description|Fermented sausage from Sikkim}}
'''Kargyong''' is a type of [[sausage]], made with ginger, garlic and salt. It's a product of [[Sikkim]] where it is consumed by the [[Bhutia]], [[Tibetans|Tibetan]], [[Sherpas|Sherpa]], [[Lepcha people|Lepcha]] and [[Ngalop people|Drukpa]] people mostly. It can be found in the local restaurants and fool stalls of Sikkim, the [[Darjeeling Himalayan hill region]], [[Bhutan]], [[Tibet]] and [[Ladakh]].<ref name=prakash>{{cite book |last1=Prakash |first1=Jyoti |title=Himalayan Fermented Foods |page=164 |publisher=CRC Press}}</ref> It is made with beef (''lang kargyong''), [[yak]] (''yak kargyong'') and pork (''faak kargyong'').<ref name=kargyong>{{cite book |title=Handbook of Fermented Meat and Poultry |date=2014 |publisher=Wiley |page=326 |isbn=9781118522691 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nu7lBQAAQBAJ&dq=Lang+kargyong&pg=PA326}}</ref>

It's made with natural casing called ''gyuma'' and cooked by boiling, then it is smoked and dried for at least 10 days, but up to 15 days or more. The finished ''lang kargyong'' can be eaten boiled. It is also fried with onion, chillies, salt and onion to be used in curry. The fried sausage is also eaten plain with ''[[raksi]]'' liquor, or ''[[chhaang]]''.<ref name=prakash>{{cite book |last1=Prakash |first1=Jyoti |title=Himalayan Fermented Foods |page=164 |publisher=CRC Press}}</ref>

The microorganisms associated with kargyong include various types of ''[[lactobacilli]]'', ''[[bacillus]]'', ''[[micrococcus]]'' and ''[[staphylococcus]]'', and some [[yeast]] and other [[fungal]] species with mycelia.<ref name=kargyong/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cuisine of Northeast India]]
[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:Bhutanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Tibetan cuisine]]
[[Category:Fermented sausages]]
[[Category:Indian sausages]]

{{India-cuisine-stub}}

Siege of Savendroog

2025-11-22T10:54:48Z

CathernQsh:

{{Short description|1791 battle of the Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Savendroog
| width =
| partof = the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| date = 2 December – 22 December 1791 (2 weeks, 6 days)
| place = [[Savendroog]]
| coordinates = 
| map_type =
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory =
| result = British victory
| combatants_header = Belligerents
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png|border=}} [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[East India Company]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png|border=}} [[Tipu Sultan]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon|East India Company}} [[General Charles Cornwallis]]
| units1 = [[Mysore|Mysorean]] Cavalry
| units2 = [[British people|British]] Forces
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| campaignbox =
{{Campaignbox Third Anglo-Mysore War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Mysore Wars}}
}}

The '''Siege of Savendroog''' (also commonly spelled '''Sevendroog''' or '''Severndroog''', but now known as [[Savandurga]]) was conducted by [[British East India Company]] forces under the command of [[General]] [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Charles Cornwallis]] in December 1791, during the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]. The fortress of Savendroog, held by forces of [[Tipu Sultan]], the ruler of Mysore, and thought to be virtually impregnable, was successfully stormed on 22 December 1791, after 20 days of siege.<ref>{{cite book|title=A history of the British army, Volume 3|first=John William|last=Fortescue|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GlKAAAAYAAJ&dq=seringapatam+February&pg=PA586|publisher=Macmillan|year=1902}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
*

{{coord missing|Karnataka}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1791|Savendroog]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Kingdom of Mysore|Savendroog 1791]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Maratha Empire|Savendroog 1791]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the British East India Company|Savendroog 1791]]
[[Category:Battles of the Third Anglo-Mysore War|Savendroog 1791]]
[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:1791 in India]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
{{UK-battle-stub}}

Nurpur, Jalandhar

2025-10-03T02:55:52Z

CathernQsh: Updated entries and formatting

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nurpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nakodar]]
| subdivision_type4 = Region
| subdivision_name4 =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric

| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_blank2_title = Total Households
| population_blank2 = 400
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 1993 998/995 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_density_km2 =
| population_note =
| population_blank1_title = Scheduled Castes
| population_blank1 = 846 442/404 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_total_ha = 365
| area_code_type = Telephone
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| iso_code = IN-PB
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|Jalandhar.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Nurpur''' is a village in [[Nakodar]] in [[Jalandhar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|12|km}} from sub district headquarter and {{convert|30|km}} from district headquarter. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by a [[Sarpanch]], an elected representative of the village.

== Demography ==
{{as of|2011}}, the village has a total number of 400 houses and a population of 1993 of which 998 are males while 995 are females.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_0300.xlsx|title=DCHB Village Release|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref> According to the report [[published]] by [[Census India]] in 2011, out of the total population of the village 846 people are from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Caste]] and the village does not have any [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Tribe]] population so far.<ref name=census />

==See also==
*[[List of villages in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180608165116/http://punjabtourism.gov.in/ Tourism of Punjab]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201629/http://punjabcensus.gov.in/ Census of Punjab]
{{Jalandhar district}}

{{coord missing|Punjab (India)}}

[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]
[[Category:Villages in Nakodar tehsil]]

{{Jalandhar-geo-stub}}

List of Goan state football champions

2025-08-19T01:20:49Z

CathernQsh:

{{short description|None}}
This is a '''list of champions of the [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]''' ever since its creation in 1951 as the ''Goan First Division''.<ref>[http://www.indianfootball.de/data/gfl.html List of Champions of the Goa Football League (Goa Pro League)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802071344/http://www.indianfootball.de/data/gfl.html |date=2020-08-02 }} ''indianfootball.de''. Retrieved 23 July 2021</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Goa Pro League 2020-21: Fixtures, results, standings & more|url=https://khelnow.com/football/goa-pro-league-2020-21-fixtures-results-telecast|website=Khel Now|access-date=2 July 2021|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202042728/https://khelnow.com/football/goa-pro-league-2020-21-fixtures-results-telecast|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The official league in Goa, called the First Division began in 1951 and it was organised by the Conselho de Desportos. There was no Super League. The first League champion of Goa was Clube Desportivo de Chinchinim who beat Football Club of Siolim, to clinch the title.

The League continued under the aegis of the Conselho de Desportos till the season of 1958-59, with Clube de Desportos de Vasco da Gama taking the title that year. In 1959, the [[Goa Football Association]] was established as the official administrative body of football and from that season onwards the league was conducted by GFA.<ref>[http://www.discoverfootball.de/netzwerk/asien/indien/goa-football-association/ Goa Football Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630095317/http://www.discoverfootball.de/netzwerk/asien/indien/goa-football-association/ |date=2022-06-30 }} ''discoverfootball.de''. Retrieved 10 August 2021</ref> The 1959-60 League was conducted by the GFA and Clube Independente de Margao emerged champions.

In 1970-71 season, apart from the Senior Division League, there came into existence the first division league which was split into two groups, namely the North Zone and South Zone. While the North Zone consisted of teams from [[Ilhas]] and [[Bardez]] the South Zone accommodated teams from [[Mormugao]] and [[Salcete]].

In 1977, the Goa Football Association introduced the Super League in the season of 1977-78, with Salgaocar Sports Club clinching the title. With football, globally, continuing to develop at a fast pace, the Goa Football Association, decided it was time to push the game onto a higher platform. Goa emerged as the first State ever in the country, to go professional with the game and till date it remains the only State in the country, where the status of the game is professional.

The first Professional League was launched in the 1998-99 season with 5 teams.

The Professional league was expanded to six teams from the 2000-2001 season, after the GFA thought it wise to increase the number and increase the competitiveness factor, and since 2002 the league was played as an eight team league with home-and-away fixtures making it 14 matches for each club. The GFA then announced that the 2011 season would be played with 10 teams under a new format in which Salgaocar won in.

==List of champions==

'''First Division League'''

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
!Season !! Champions
|-
|1951-52 || Clube Desportivo Chinchinim
|-
|1952-53||Sporting Clube de Goa
|-
|1953-54||Clube de Desportos de Vasco da Gama
|-
|1954-55||Associacao Desportiva de Velha Goa
|-
|1955-56||Clube de Desportos de Vasco da Gama
|-
|1956-57||Associacao Desportiva de Velha Goa
|-
|1957-58||Grupo Desportivo da Policia
|-
|1958-59||Clube de Desportos de Vasco da Gama
|-
|1959-60||Clube Independente de Margao
|-
|1960-61||Clube Desportivo Salgaocar
|-
|1962-63||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1963-64||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1964-65||Vasco Sports Club
|-
|1965-66||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1966-67||Vasco Sports Club
|-
|1967-68||Sesa Goa Sports Club
|-
|1968-69||Vasco Sports Club
|-
|1969-70||''League Unfinished''
|-
|1970-71||''League Unfinished''
|-
|1971-72||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1972-73||Sesa Goa Sports Club
|-
|1973-74||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1974-75||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1975-76||''not held due to national emergency''
|-
|1976-77||''not held due to national emergency''
|}

'''Super League'''

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Season !! Champion
|-
|1977-78||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1978-79||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1979-80||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1980-81||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1981-82||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1982-83||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1983-84||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1984-85||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1985-86||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1986-87||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1987-88||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1988-89||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1989-90||MRF Sports Foundation
|-
|1990-91||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1991-92||MRF Sports Foundation
|-
|1992-93||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1993-94 ||Dempo Sports Club
|-
|1994-95||Salgaocar Sports Club
|-
|1995-96||Churchill Brothers SC
|-
|1996-97||Churchill Brothers SC
|-
|1997-98||Churchill Brothers SC
|}

'''Goa Professional League'''

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Season !! Champion
|-
|1998||[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|-
|1999||[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|-
|2000||[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|-
|2001||[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|-
|2002||[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|-
|2003||[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|-
|2004||[[Salgaocar S.C.|Salgaocar]]
|-
|2005||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
|2006||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|-
|2007||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
|2008||[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|-
|2009||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
|2010||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
|2011||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
| [[2012-13 Goa Professional League season|2012–13]]||[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|-
| [[2013-14 Goa Professional League season|2013–14]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|-
| [[2014-15 Goa Professional League season|2014–15]]||[[Salgaocar F.C.]]
|-
| [[2015-16 Goa Professional League|2015–16]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|-
| [[2016-17 Goa Professional League|2016–17]]||[[Salgaocar F.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Salgaocar crowned 2016/17 Goa Pro League champions|url=http://thif-live.com/salgaocar-crowned-201617-goa-pro-league-champions/|access-date=29 January 2017|work=The Home of Indian Football Live|date=30 December 2016|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202055103/http://thif-live.com/salgaocar-crowned-201617-goa-pro-league-champions/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[2017–18 Goa Professional League|2017–18]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|-
| [[2018–19 Goa Professional League|2018-19]]||[[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa Reserves]]
|-
| [[2019-20 Goa Professional League|2019-20]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] and [[Churchill Brothers]]
|-
| [[2020-21 Goa Professional League|2020-21]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|-
| [[2021–22 Goa Professional League|2021-22]]||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
| [[2022–23 Goa Professional League|2022-23]]||[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|-
| [[2023–24 Goa Professional League|2023-24]]||[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|}

==Most titles==

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! Season !! Champion
|-
|21|| Salgaocar FC
|-
|16|| Dempo Sports Club<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goa-fa.com/clubs_disp.php?id=1 |title=Dempo Sports Club |publisher=Goa Football Association |access-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118143435/http://www.goa-fa.com/clubs_disp.php?id=1 |archive-date=18 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|8|| Churchill Brothers FC Goa
|-
|6|| Vasco Sports Club
|-
|6|| Sporting Goa
|-
|2|| Associacao Desportiva de Velha Goa
|-
|2|| MRF Sports Foundation
|-
|2|| Sesa Goa Sports Club

|-
|1|| Clube Desportivo Chinchinim
|-
|1|| Clube Independente de Margao
|-
|1|| FC Goa Reserves
|-
|1|| Grupo Desportivo da Policia
|-
|1|| Sporting Clube de Goa
|}

==See also==
* [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]]
* [[Goa Football Association]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football in Goa}}
{{Football in India}}

[[Category:Football in Goa|Champions]]
[[Category:Goa Football League|Football Champions]]

London flu

2025-07-18T05:30:11Z

CathernQsh: Made Data

{{short description|1972 influenza pandemic}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}

During the 1972–1973 flu season in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], a new variant of [[influenza]], dubbed the ''''London flu'''<nowiki/>' by the press in the [[United States]], was responsible for epidemics in many countries. 'London flu' was caused by a variant of [[Influenza A virus subtype H3N2|influenza A/H3N2]] that was first isolated in [[India]] in mid-1971 but only identified as a distinct strain in [[England]] in January, 1972.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Cockburn |first=W. C. |date=2 June 1973 |title=Influenza — The World Problem |journal=Medical Journal of Australia |volume=1 |issue=SP1 |pages=8 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb111167.x |pmid=4717620}}</ref>

Until May 1972, all known outbreaks of the London flu were limited to the Northern Hemisphere. In May, [[Australia]], [[Malaysia]], and [[Singapore]] reported their first outbreaks, indicating that the flu was spreading during the winter flu season in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. In the United States outbreak, the London flu was reported in 49 of the 50 [[U.S. states]], but it became widespread in only 21 of them. The first known American cases mostly affected American military personnel, with the outbreak beginning at the [[United States Air Force Academy]] in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]]. The next known cases of the outbreak involved military installations in [[Arizona]] and [[Colorado]].
During the last week of November, the first major civilian outbreak developed in [[Baltimore]]. In early December, there were outbreaks in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]; [[Kansas City, Kansas]], [[Anchorage]]; and [[Seattle]], followed by significant outbreaks in [[New York City]] and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] in late December.

In January 1973, the flu activity peaked in the [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]] region and the [[West Coast of the United States|Pacific Coast of the United States]]. The hardest-hit U.S. state was [[California]], with mortality approaching the epidemic threshold in the 11 largest cities of [[Northern California]]. The epidemic reportedly aggravated an ongoing shortage of blood. In February 1973, the outbreak peaked in the [[Southeastern United States]] and the [[Midwestern United States]]. On 2 February, the CDC reported that the country had surpassed 1,000 deaths from influenza and pneumonia; by 9 February, the figure had risen to over 4,300 deaths since the beginning of the year. California alone reported at least 1,083 deaths in its major cities. The epidemic had begun to wane by the first week of March.

== History ==

=== Background ===
In July 1968, a novel subtype of [[Influenza A virus|influenza A]], [[Influenza A virus subtype H3N2|H3N2]], caused a massive epidemic in [[Hong Kong]] and subsequently spread to other countries, leading to the global [[Hong Kong flu|Hong Kong flu pandemic]] that lasted until 1970. Through April 1972, little antigenic difference from the original Hong Kong virus was noted on the whole among circulating strains.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=World Health Organization |date=1972 |title=INFLUENZA IN THE WORLD: OCTOBER 1971 - SEPTEMBER 1972* |url=http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/219147 |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=47 |pages=430 |via=IRIS |hdl=10665/219147}}</ref> In July 1971, "a fairly extensive outbreak" occurred in [[Coonoor|Coonoor, India]], though it did not immediately spread to other countries. Although the virus was originally isolated in India, it was not identified by the [[World Health Organization]] as a "[[Antigenic drift|drift]]" variant until January 1972, when a single strain, ultimately classified as A/England/42/72, was isolated among over 700 others collected during an epidemic in [[England]].<ref name=":0" /> It was not until May 1972, however, as the winter flu season began in the [[Southern Hemisphere]], that it resulted in outbreaks in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], and [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=World Health Organization |date=1972 |title=ANTIGENIC VARIATION IN INFLUENZA A VIRUSES |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/219102 |journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record |volume=47 |pages=381 |hdl=10665/219102 |via=IRIS}}</ref>

In the 1971–1972 flu season, influenza activity in the [[United States]] was reported in 49 of the 50 states and became widespread in 21. Pneumonia and influenza excess mortality remained above the epidemic threshold for seven consecutive weeks<ref name=":1">[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/13/archives/flu-now-exceeds-epidemic-level-but-disease-control-office-is.html FLU NOW EXCEEDS EPIDEMIC LEVEL] 13 January 1973, ''www.nytimes.com'', accessed 13 February 2020</ref> and ultimately was the highest since the initial introduction of the pandemic virus into the country in the 1968–1969 season.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Center for Disease Control |date=January 1973 |title=Influenza-respiratory disease surveillance report no. 88, January, 1973 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/284 |journal=Influenza Surveillance Reports |pages=5 |via=CDC}}</ref> Despite the identification of the novel variant in January, the Center for Disease Control (today the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]) in June announced that the influenza A strain to be used in the [[Influenza vaccine|vaccines]] for the 1972–1973 season would remain the same, albeit its potency increased.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Center for Disease Control |date=17 June 1972 |title=Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 21, no. 24, For week ending June 17, 1972 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/1866 |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=21 |pages=207 |via=CDC}}</ref> Although it was recognized that the variant could spread globally similar to the original virus,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sousa |first1=V. O. |last2=Graves |first2=I. L. |last3=Pyakural |first3=S. |date=1974 |title=Spread of influenzaviruses A/England/42/72 and A/Hong Kong/1/68 |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=477 |pmc=2481177 |pmid=4549196 |hdl=10665/263788 }}</ref> experts did not anticipate a serious epidemic after the widespread outbreak the year before.<ref name=":2">[https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/22/archives/influenza-outbreak-in-critical-period-for-impact-on-us.html Influenza Outbreak In ‘Critical’ Period For Impact on U.S.] 22 December 1972, ''www.nytimes.com'', accessed 13 February 2020</ref> (The England variant was also not the only one to have emerged and caused outbreaks in the past year, and it was not until the middle of 1972 that it really took off.)<ref name=":0" /> In October, the CDC warned of the likely appearance of "new strains" of influenza A in the upcoming flu season.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 1972 |title=NEW STRAINS OF FLU EXPECTED IN WINTER |pages=40 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/07/archives/new-strains-of-flu-expected-in-winter.html |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref>

London flu gets its name as the World Health Organization Influenza Centre's laboratories first identified it as a distinct strain in the UK in early 1972.<ref>{{Cite news |last=The New York Times |year=1972 |title=Sniffles? Flu Virus Takes Toll |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/29/archives/sniffles-flu-virus-takes-toll-sniffling-it-may-not-be-the-london.html }}</ref>

=== Progression within the United States ===
Similar to the introduction of the original pandemic virus into the country in 1968, the first cases of the new variant appeared among military personnel. On 21 October, just a couple of weeks after the CDC's warning, an outbreak began at the [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], lasting into early November. A total of 870 were reported sick.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Center for Disease Control |date=February 1974 |title=Influenza-respiratory disease surveillance report no. 89, 1972-1973 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/285 |journal=Influenza Surveillance Report |pages=6 |via=CDC}}</ref> During the first week of November, another outbreak developed at [[Lowry Air Force Base]], east of [[Denver]]. Doctors reported seeing 35 new cases per day for at least 10 days.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=18 November 1972 |title=New Flu Strain Turns Up At Air Base in Colorado |pages=19 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/11/18/archives/new-flu-strain-turns-up-at-air-base-in-colorado.html |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> The Colorado Department of Health identified the variant as the cause of the outbreak,<ref name=":4" /> and this was for a time considered the first to occur in the continental US,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=11 November 1972 |title=Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 21, no. 45, For week ending November 11, 1972 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/1887 |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=21 |pages=387 |via=CDC}}</ref> though strains from the Academy outbreak were soon found to be highly related to those from the Base.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2 December 1972 |title=Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 21, no. 48, For week ending December 2, 1972 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/1890 |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=21 |pages=410 |via=CDC}}</ref> In late November and early December, outbreaks were reported at two other military installations, one in Arizona and another near Colorado Springs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Center for Disease Control |date=February 1974 |title=Influenza-respiratory disease surveillance report no. 89, 1972-1973 |url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/285 |journal=Influenza Surveillance Report |pages=6 |via=CDC}}</ref>

The first major civilian outbreak developed in [[Baltimore]] the last week of November. Isolated cases and outbreaks were reported around the same time and into the weeks of December.<ref name=":3" /> On 12 December, the CDC reported cases in five cities: [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]; [[Kansas City, Kansas]]; Baltimore; [[Anchorage]]; and [[Seattle]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 1972 |title=FLU CASES REPORTED IN 5 BIG U.S. CITIES |pages=45 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/13/archives/flu-cases-reported-in-5-big-us-cities.html |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> By 23 December, influenza had been documented in 14 states, and significant outbreaks were occurring in [[New York City]], Baltimore, and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]].<ref name=":3" />

By 13 January 1973, 18 states had documented cases of influenza, with only sporadic cases occurring elsewhere. Activity peaked in the mid-Atlantic and Pacific areas in early January, with a subsequent rise in excess mortality above the epidemic threshold for two or more weeks in mid-January.<ref name=":3" /> California was evidently the hardest-hit state by this point, with mortality approaching the epidemic threshold in the 11 largest cities of northern California.<ref name=":1" />

The epidemic reportedly aggravated an ongoing shortage of blood at this time in places such as Baltimore and New York City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |date=1 January 1973 |title=BLOOD SHORTAGE DELAYS SURGERY IN MAJOR CITIES |pages=1 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/01/archives/blood-shortage-delays-surgery-in-major-cities-some-hospitals-must.html |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 January 1973 |title=Metropolitan Briefs |pages=43 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/03/archives/metropolitan-briefs-blood-shortage-expected-to-continue.html |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>

As activity in the northeast declined in the second half of January, cases began to rise in the [[Southeastern United States]] and the [[Midwestern United States]], peaking in the middle of February.<ref name=":3" /> On 2 February, the CDC reported that the country had surpassed 1,000 deaths from influenza and pneumonia;<ref name="exck" /> by 9 February, the figure had risen to over 4,300 deaths since the beginning of the year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 1973 |title=Flu and Pneumonia Deaths Continue to Rise in Nation |pages=37 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/10/archives/flu-and-pneumonia-deaths-continue-to-rise-in-nation.html |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>

The epidemic had begun to wane by the first week of March, with excess mortality declining throughout February and falling below the epidemic threshold for the first time by 9 March. In total, excess mortality from pneumonia and influenza was the highest since the 1968–1969 flu season and the initial introduction of the pandemic virus into the US.<ref name=":3" /> California alone reported at least 1,083 deaths in its major cities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 1973 |title=Flu Epidemic Over |pages=A2 |work=The Desert Sun |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19730316.2.15&srpos=5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN-london+flu-------1 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> The [[National Center for Health Statistics]] attributed 18,300 all-cause excess deaths to this flu season, though subsequent studies identified at least 21,400 and as many as 29,200 all-cause excess deaths.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1997 |title=The impact of influenza epidemics on mortality: introducing a severity index. |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=87 |pages=1947 |doi=10.2105/ajph.87.12.1944 |pmc=1381234 |pmid=9431281|last1=Simonsen |first1=L. |last2=Clarke |first2=M. J. |last3=Williamson |first3=G. D. |last4=Stroup |first4=D. F. |last5=Arden |first5=N. H. |last6=Schonberger |first6=L. B. |issue=12 }}</ref>

=== International reports ===
The [[World Health Organization]] reported outbreaks also in the [[Soviet Union]], the [[Netherlands]], [[Switzerland]], [[Morocco]] and [[Lebanon]], with localized outbreaks in four other countries.<ref name="exck">[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19730203.2.5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 London-Flu Deaths Exceed 1,000 Mark] 3 February 1973 ''Desert Sun'' via ''cdnc.ucr.edu'', accessed 13 February 2020</ref>

==Analysis==
Subsequent statistical analysis indicated that by the following season (1973–1974), [[Influenza B virus|influenza type B]] was predominating over [[Influenza A virus|type A]] strains by a factor approaching 4:1.<ref>[https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/286/ Influenza surveillance report no. 90, 1973-1974 and 1974-1975] February 1976 ''stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/286'', accessed 13 February 2020</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{Influenza}}

{{Epidemics}}
[[Category:1972 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:1973 disease outbreaks]]
[[Category:1970s epidemics]]
[[Category:1971 in India]]
[[Category:1972 disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:1973 disasters in the United States]]
[[Category:1972 in England]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in the United States]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in England]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in India]]
[[Category:Influenza pandemics]]

Jasmergarh Assembly constituency

2025-05-23T19:12:39Z

CathernQsh:

{{Short description|Constituency of the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jasmergarh
| type= SLA
| state = Jammu and Kashmir
| established = 1962
| abolished = 1972
| electors = 38,875
| mla = Girdhari Lal Dogra
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
Jasmergarh Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1962]] || rowspan=3 | [[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] || {{Full party name with color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}
|-
| [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jasmergarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083027/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatisticalRep_JK_72.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,581 |percentage=52.60% |change={{decrease}}4.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=10,248 |percentage=36.97% |change={{decrease}}2.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Durga Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=2,242 |percentage=8.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gopal Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=652 |percentage=2.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,333 |percentage=15.63% |change= {{decrease}}2.36 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=27,723 |percentage=73.14% |change= {{decrease}}4.50 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,875 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.77 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.63 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jasmergarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006052138/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report_Jk_1967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,823 |percentage=57.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=10,162 |percentage=39.23% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=C. L. Sharma |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=660 |percentage=2.55% |change={{decrease}}55.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=258 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,661 |percentage=17.99% |change= {{decrease}}7.85 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,903 |percentage=78.45% |change= {{decrease}}2.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,169 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.37 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |swing= {{decrease}}1.25 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]] : Jasmergarh<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006183842/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_JK_1962.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|access-date=15 February 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Girdhari Lal Dogra]] |party=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |votes=13,958 |percentage=58.48% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baldev Singh |party=Jammu Praja Parishad |votes=7,789 |percentage=32.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Behari Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,049 |percentage=4.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh |party=Democratic National Conference |votes=711 |percentage=2.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ram Datt Dev |party=Independent politician |votes=362 |percentage=1.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,169 |percentage=25.85% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,869 |percentage=80.26% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,408 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Jammu & Kashmir National Conference |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir}}

{{coord missing|Jammu and Kashmir}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Jammu and Kashmir]]
{{JammuandKashmir-geo-stub}}

2023 Buldhana bus accident

2025-05-09T04:46:15Z

CathernQsh: Created New Page

{{Short description|Fatal fire in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = 2023 Buldhana Bus Accident
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| image_map =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|19.997069|76.164424|display=inline}}
| date = 1 July 2023
| time = 2 AM IST
| location = '''Pimpalkhuta Village''' [[Sindkhed Raja|Sindkhed Raja SubDivision]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana District]], [[Maharashtra]]
| location_dir =
| location_city = [[Buldhana]]
| location_dist_km =
| location_dist_mi =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| line =
| operator = Private bus
| owner = '''Virendra Darne'''
| service =
| type = caught fire
| cause =
| bus = '''Vidarbha Travels'''
| trains =
| vehicles =
| passengers = 34
| crew =
| pedestrians =
| deaths = 26
| injuries = 8
| damage =
| property =
| footnotes =
}}
On 1 July 2023, a private bus named '''Vidarbha Travels''' travelling on [[Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway|Samruddhi Expressway]] in [[Maharashtra]]'s [[Buldhana district]] in India caught fire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=26 dead as bus catches fire on Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway, probe ordered |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/people-dead-bus-catches-fire-samruddhi-mahamarg-expressway-maharashtra-2400390-2023-07-01 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701040224/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/people-dead-bus-catches-fire-samruddhi-mahamarg-expressway-maharashtra-2400390-2023-07-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> 25 people died, and eight others were injured, in the accident.<ref name="vehicle catches fire">{{Cite news |date=2023-07-01 |title=26 bus passengers charred to death after vehicle catches fire on Samruddhi Expressway in Maharashtra |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/25-bus-passengers-charred-to-death-after-vehicle-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-expressway-in-maharashtra/article67029937.ece |access-date=2023-07-01 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701035547/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/25-bus-passengers-charred-to-death-after-vehicle-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-expressway-in-maharashtra/article67029937.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Accident==
The accident took place on a bus named Vidarbha Travels that was travelling on the [[Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway|Samruddhi Expressway]] in '''Pimpalkhuta Village''' near [[Sindkhed Raja]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana District]], [[Maharashtra]]. The bus was being driven from [[Nagpur]] to [[Pune]]. According to reports, the bus hit a pole on the expressway, overturned, and the diesel tank caught fire. Because the bus was overturned on its left side, the passenger exit was blocked. Additionally, the emergency door was not working.<ref name="Deccan Herald">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=25 passengers charred to death after bus catches fire on Samruddhi Expressway in Maharashtra |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/25-passengers-charred-to-death-after-bus-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-expressway-in-maharashtra-1232892.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701044125/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/west/25-passengers-charred-to-death-after-bus-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-expressway-in-maharashtra-1232892.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="forensic report"/><ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Dozens dead in western India bus crash |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/dozens-dead-in-western-india-bus-crash |agency=Agence France-Presse |work=The Guardian}}</ref> The accident happened at about 2 am local time on 1 July 2023. There were 33 passengers on the bus. Most of the passengers were sleeping when the accident happened. 26 of them died and the remaining were injured. Three children died. The survivors escaped by breaking glass panes. The injured were taken to Buldhana Civil Hospital.<ref name="vehicle catches fire"/><ref name="Deccan Herald"/><ref name="Guardian"/><ref>{{Cite web |title="They Were Sleeping": 25 Dead As Bus Catches Fire On Maharashtra Expressway |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-bus-accident-25-burnt-to-death-8-injured-as-bus-catches-fire-on-maharashtra-expressway-4167955 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701040949/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-bus-accident-25-burnt-to-death-8-injured-as-bus-catches-fire-on-maharashtra-expressway-4167955 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Investigation==
The investigation of the accident determined that the bus driver, Danish Shaikh, was drunk. According to a chemical analysis report, the percentage of alcohol found in the blood sample of the driver was 0.30%. Shaikh was arrested for negligent driving.<ref name="forensic report">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-07 |title=Buldhana bus tragedy: Driver was under influence of liquor when accident took place, says forensic report |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/buldhana-bus-tragedy-driver-was-under-influence-of-liquor-when-accident-took-place-says-forensic-report/article67054702.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref> After the accident, the Maharashtra Motor Vehicle Department asked the [[Automotive Research Association of India]] to review the design and safety measures implemented in sleeper coach buses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-05 |title=After Maharashtra Bus Accident, Design Of Sleeper Coaches To Be Probed |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/after-maharashtra-bus-accident-design-of-sleeper-coaches-to-be-probed-4178512 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

==Response==
Local rescue and fire brigade teams reached the accident site and extinguished the fire. Chief Minister [[Eknath Shinde]] and Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] expressed their anguish over the accident. The Maharashtra government announced a ₹5 lakhs compensation for each of the families of those who died.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-01 |title=Maharashtra: 25 killed as Pune-bound bus catches fire on Samruddhi Mahamarg Expressway in Buldhana |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/25-killed-several-injured-as-pune-bound-bus-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-mahamarg-expressway-buldhana-nagpur-maharashtra/articleshow/101407052.cms |access-date=2023-07-01 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701043132/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/25-killed-several-injured-as-pune-bound-bus-catches-fire-on-samruddhi-mahamarg-expressway-buldhana-nagpur-maharashtra/articleshow/101407052.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The government also announced that they will bear the full cost of treatment of the injured. Due to the fire, the bodies were unidentifiable and authorities decided to conduct DNA tests to determine the identity of the victims.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Maharashtra Accident LIVE: 26 Dead, Rs 7L Ex Gratia Declared; Bus Was Less Than Four Years Old, Say Officials |url=https://www.news18.com/india/maharashtra-bus-accident-news-live-update-buldhana-pune-nagpur-25-dead-today-livenews-8220043.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701064057/https://www.news18.com/india/maharashtra-bus-accident-news-live-update-buldhana-pune-nagpur-25-dead-today-livenews-8220043.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Road incidents in 2023}}
{{Disasters in India in 2023}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buldhana bus accident, 2023}}
[[Category:2023 disasters in India]]
[[Category:2023 road incidents in Asia]]
[[Category:2020s in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:July 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Bus incidents in India]]
[[Category:Disasters in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Buldhana district|2023 bus accident]]

Ladakh women's football team

2024-12-21T21:24:07Z

CathernQsh: Redirect article

#REDIRECT [[ Ladakh Football Association ]]

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Chitrakoot Assembly constituency

2024-06-21T18:12:37Z

CathernQsh:

'''Chitrakoot Assembly constituency''' may refer to these electoral constituencies in India:
* [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency]]
* [[Chitrakoot, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency]]

==See also==
*[[Chitrakoot (disambiguation)]]

{{dab}}

John Alexander Boyson

2024-05-20T09:58:02Z

CathernQsh: done...

{{Short description|Indian-Scottish businessman}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John Alexander Boyson
| image = JA Boyson.jpg
| death_date = 1926
| occupation = Manager
| children = John Charles Boyson
}}
'''John Alexander Boyson''' was an Indian-Scottish businessman. He served and led [[Binny and Co.]] from 1871 to 1926. He was also chairman of the [[Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry|Madras Chamber of Commerce]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=srividhya |title=Past Presidents |url=https://www.madraschamber.in/about-us/past-presidents.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=MCCI |language=en-gb}}</ref>

He was a director on the board of the [[Bank of Madras]]. He member of the [[Madras Musical Association]] and also he presided over the [[Madras Club]] as well as [[Gymkhana]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2012-07-16 |title=Boyson of Binny - Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music |url=https://sriramv.com/2012/07/16/boyson-of-binny/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=sriramv.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Biography ==
His father, J. R. Boyson, was a [[solicitor]] for the Government of Madras and was one of the founders of the [[National Bank of India]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1871, John took over R.O. Campbell's share in the [[Binny and Co.|Binny and Co]]. During his tenure, as one of the senior partners, Binny ventured into the yarn business for which it is remembered today. Under Boyson, Binny pioneered electricity and trams in Madras.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Pottamkulam |first=George Abraham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkQgEAAAQBAJ |title=TAMILNADU A JOURNEY IN TIME Part - 1: People, places and Potpourri |date=2021-02-28 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64951-690-9 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1885, he was appointed to a seat in the [[Madras Legislative Council (1861–1891)|Madras Legislative Council]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ED2E39tviJsC |title=Allen's Indian mail and register of intelligence for British and foreign India: 1885, 1/5,1 |date=1885 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1906, [[Arbuthnot Latham|Arbuthnot]] Crash caused Binny to loss a lot of money. Boyson tried to organise a local guarantee but this failed. He then negotiated with [[James Mackay, 1st Earl of Inchcape|James Lyle Mackay]], founder of the [[Inchcape plc|Inchcape group]] and the Inchcape group agreed to acquire and restructure Binny. His partnership stake in the old firm became worthless but he managed to make himself managers of the new firm with an annual salary of 3500 pounds plus 20% of the net profits.<ref name=":1" />

In 1914, he was knighted and returned to England where he remained a Director at the London office till his death in 1926.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyson, John Alexander}}
[[Category:1926 deaths]]
[[Category:British India]]

Parali

2023-11-10T08:56:59Z

CathernQsh: Adding new bio

{{Other uses|Parli (disambiguation){{!}}Parli}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
'''Parali Grama panchayat'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/panchayaths|title=പഞ്ചായത്തുകള്‍ - ഗവണ്മെന്റ് ഓഫ് കേരള,ഇന്ത്യ|website=kerala.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/website/web?page=,,,40|title=Localbody Websites {{!}} Local Self Government Department|website=lsgkerala.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-09}}</ref> is a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Palakkad district]], state of [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lsgkerala.in/paralipanchayat/parali/general-information/|title=പറളി ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത് (Parali Grama Panchayat) » പൊതുവിവരങ്ങള്‍|access-date=2019-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/115962900/|title=Santhakumari vs The Parali Grama Panchayath on 3 August, 2011|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=2019-01-09}}</ref> It is a local government organization that serves the villages of [[Parli-I]] and [[Parli-II]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224741&rlbtype=V |title=Reports of National Panchayat Directory |publisher=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |access-date=30 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235619/http://panchayatdirectory.gov.in/adminreps/viewGPmapcvills.asp?gpcode=224741&rlbtype=V |archive-date=30 December 2013 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

[[Category:Gram panchayats in Palakkad district]]

{{Palakkad-geo-stub}}

Kaliamman Temple, Thanjavur

2023-08-20T02:23:25Z

CathernQsh: bio

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu}}
[[File:Thanjavur kaliammantemple(kalikaparamesvari temple)2.jpg|thumb|[[Gopura]]]]
The '''Kaliamman Temple''', also known as the '''Kalikaparamesvari Temple''', is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Kali]] in [[Thanjavur]] in the [[Thanjavur district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

==Location==
This temple is located at South street in Thanjavur.

==Structure==
[[File:Thanjavur kaliammantemple(kalikaparamesvari temple)1.jpg|left|100x150px|thumb|Vimana]]
The temple has a [[rajagopura]]. To the right side of the front [[mandapa]], the [[Archakasalai Pillayar Temple, Thanjavur|Archakasalai Pillayar Temple]] is found as a shrine, and to its left side a shrine of [[Muruga|Karthikeya]]. Just in front of the sanctum sanctorum is a [[Dhwaja Stambha]] and in the [[prakara]] a [[Tulsi]] ([[Ocimum tenuiflorum|Holy Basil]]), as well as shrines of [[Vinayaka]], Subramania with [[Valli]] and Deivanai, Sivalinga, Nagas and [[Hanuman]].

==Palace Devasthanam==
[[Thanjavur Palace Devastanam Temples|Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam]] comprises 88 temples, of which this temple is one. They are maintained and administered by the [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] of the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].<ref>[https://hrce.tn.gov.in/hrcehome/index_temple.php?tid=13967 Thanjavur Palace Devasthanam, Thanjavur 613 009]</ref><ref>தஞ்சாவூர் அரண்மனை தேவஸ்தானத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஆலயங்கள், தஞ்சை இராஜராஜேச்சரம் திருக்குட நன்னீராட்டுப் பெருவிழா மலர், 1997</ref><ref>J.M. Somasundaram Pillai, ''The Great Temple at Tanjore'', [Tanjore Palace Devastanams, II Edn 1958] Rpt 1994, Tamil University, Thanjavur</ref>

== Kumbhabhishekham ==
The Mahasamprokshanam, also known as the [[Kumbhabhishekham]], of the temple was held on 15 September 1978 and 29 August 1988. The inscriptions about these are found in the temple.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thanjavur district]]
[[Category:Shakti temples]]

{{Hindu-temple-stub}}

NEET (UG)

2023-08-19T15:08:02Z

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#REDIRECT [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)]]

Bullfighting in Tamil Nadu

2023-08-18T21:49:32Z

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Guilty (2015 film)

2023-07-28T05:45:19Z

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#REDIRECT [[Talvar (film)]]

Save Indian Family (SIF)

2023-07-15T06:27:24Z

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#REDIRECT [[Save Indian Family Foundation]]
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Mufti Mahmud

2022-11-21T04:25:00Z

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#REDIRECT [[Mufti Mehmood]]

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