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Rajendra Prasad Singh (Birbhum politician)

2026-05-06T16:48:16Z

CaseyBroderick: Made initial bio needs work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| name = Rajendra Prasad Singh
| constituency = [[Nalhati Assembly constituency|Nalhati]]
| term_start = 2021
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| predecessor = Moinuddin Shams
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1973}}
| birth_place = [[Nalhati]], [[Birbhum district]], West Bengal
}}
'''Rajendra Prasad Singh''' (born 1973),<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajendra Prasad Singh (Raju Singh)(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- NALHATI(BIRBHUM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=2100 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> also known as Raju Singh, is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from Nalhati Assembly constituency in [[Birbhum district]]. He won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Nalhati Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Nalhati Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-nalhati-constituency-293.html?noHeader=true |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Nalhati]], Birbhum district, West Bengal. He is the son of Krishnananda Singh. He studied Class 8 at Nalhati Vivekananda Vidyapith and passed the examinations conducted by the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] in 1987. His wife looks after the family business of stone industries.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Singh won from [[Nalhati Assembly constituency]] representing All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 117,438 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Tapas Kumar Yadav of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 56,905 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nalhati Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Rajendra Prasad Singh (Raju Singh) Of TMC Wins. |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/nalhati-election-result-2021-live-updates-nalhati-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697232.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TimesNow |title=Nalhati Assembly Election Results 2021 - Nalhati Vidhan Sabha Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nalhati-west-bengal-election-result-2021 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Nalhati, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/nalhati-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797376-2021-05-01 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Rajendra Prasad}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Birbhum district]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2026–2031]]

Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute

2026-05-05T06:55:05Z

CaseyBroderick: fixed issues

{{Short description|Research institute in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Cleanup higher education|date=July 2020}}
{{Update|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox research institute
| name = Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| logo = Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur Logo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_upright = 0.7
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = CMERI Main Building.jpg
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| former_name =
| motto = {{lang|sa|yantra mewasmaakam mantra}}
| established = {{circa|{{start date and age|df=yes|1958}}}}
| lab_type = [[Research and development]]
| type = Mechanical and allied engineering fields.
| budget =
| debt =
| research_field = {{ulist|[[Robotics]]|[[Mechatronics]]|[[MEMS]]|[[Surface engineering]]|[[Tribology]]|Materials, Processes, Chemistry & [[Synthetic biology]]|Advanced Design, Manufacturing |[[Immersive Visualization]]|Design dynamics| [[Simulation]] and [[Analysis]]|[[Thermal engineering]]|[[Cybernetics]]| [[Electronics]]| [[Embedded Systems]]| Drives & Contro}}
| president =
| vice-president =
| dean =
| director = [[Naresh Chandra Murmu]]
| head_label =
| head =
| faculty =
| staff =
| students =
| alumni =
| address =
| city = [[Durgapur, West Bengal|Durgapur]]
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|32|37|N|87|17|39|E|type:edu_region:IN-WB|display=inline,title}}
| location_map =
| postalcode =
| campus = [[Industrial city]]
| free_label =
| free =
| nickname = CMERI, Durgapur
| affiliations = [[AcSIR]]
| operating_agency = [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
| nobel_laureates =
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute''' (also known as '''CSIR-CMERI Durgapur''' or '''CMERI Durgapur''') is a public [[engineering]] [[research and development]] institution in [[Durgapur]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is a constituent laboratory of the Indian [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/ |title=Home |website=csir.res.in}}</ref> This institute is the only national level research institute in the field of [[mechanical engineering]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/cmeri-profile |title=Welcome to CMERI |publisher=cmeri.res.in |access-date=2017-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505144935/http://www.cmeri.res.in/cmeri-profile |archive-date=5 May 2017 }}</ref>

The CMERI was founded in February 1958 under the endorsement of the CSIR. It was founded to develop national mechanical engineering technology, particularly in order to help [[Indian industries]]. During its first decade, the CMERI mainly focused its efforts towards national technology and [[import substitution]]. Currently, the institute is making R&D efforts in the front-line areas of research such as [[Robotics]], [[Mechatronics]], [[Microsystem]], [[Cybernetics]], [[Manufacturing]], [[Precision agriculture]], [[Embedded system]], [[Near net shape]] manufacturing and [[Biomimetics]]. Besides conducting research, the institute works towards different R&D-based mission mode programs of the country to provide suitable technological solutions for poverty alleviation, societal improvement, [[energy security]], [[food security]], aerospace, mining, automobile, and defense.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinc-kolkata.org/cmeri.html |title=CSIR Innovation Complex @ Kolkata |access-date=29 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235007/http://www.cinc-kolkata.org/cmeri.html |archive-date=2 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Campus==
[[File:Pro3.jpg|thumb|Serpentine robot developed by CMERI]]
CMERI has one office campus and three residential campuses in [[Durgapur]]. Office campus spans in an area of 81 acres with more than 16 buildings. The campus is located 7.80 kilometers from [[Durgapur railway station]] and 1.6 kilometers from Durgapur City Center. The campus is adjacent to [[National Institute of Technology]], Durgapur and [[National Power Training Institute]], Durgapur. An extension center of CMERI, Durgapur is situated in [[Bardhaman District]], an industrial town of [[West Bengal, India|West Bengal]].

Three residential campuses extended over 72 acres of land and has civic amenities like Staff Quarters, Scientist Apartments, Children Park, Health Center, Staff Club, Guest Houses, Executive Hostels, Academic Hall of Residence, Dispensary, Market, Gymkhana and Schools. [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.kvcmeridgp.org| title=Kendriya Vidyalaya, CMERI, Durgapur| access-date=17 December 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217221448/http://www.kvcmeridgp.org/| archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> is situated inside the campus for providing the education from primary to higher secondary students and meant mainly for ward of the employees. A state-funded free primary school named Shishu Bani is also available in the campus to serve the educational need of nearby poor people. The institute also runs a free children computer training center named CSIR Kids' i-zone, which is situated in the colony campus.
[[File:CMERI Organizational Structure.png|thumb|right|Organizational Structure]]
This institute has an extension centre named as CMERI-Centre of Excellence for Farm Machinery situated at Ludhiana in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].

== Achievements ==
The CMERI has developed many products and processes, out of which 26 have been awarded prestigious national awards. The CMERI has filed more than 100 patents. Over 120 licensees have learned from the institute's products and processes for commercial exploitation.<ref name="auto1"/>

During 1956–1962, [[Man Mohan Suri]], the then director of CMERI, has developed a novel concept of an integrated power pack involving reverse-governing techniques for the diesel engine superimposed on a hydro-mechanical transmission called Suri-Transmission.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm|title=Engineering Services|access-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211647/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm|archive-date=2015-09-23}}</ref> This has resulted in substantially increasing the efficiency of diesel locomotives. Suri-Transmission and its improvements are covered by 36 patents in 11 major countries.
[[File:CMERI_Developed_ROV.jpg|thumb|right|CMERI developed ROV]]
[[File:CMERI Developed AUV.jpg|thumb|right|CMERI developed Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV-150)]]
[[File:Pro11.jpg|thumb|right|CMERI developed All Terrain Robot (ATR-II)]]
[[File:Pro16.jpg|thumb|right|CMERI designed Sub Terrain Robot]]
In the mid-sixties, the [[Green Revolution]] triggered large-scale [[tractor]] usage in [[India]]. To meet this growing demand in 1965, CMERI initiated a project for design and development of 35 HP tractor<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahindraswaraj.com/files/profile_history.htm |title=History |access-date=1 October 2013 |archive-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130820054831/http://www.mahindraswaraj.com/files/profile_history.htm }}</ref> based on [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] know how. The developed tractor technology has been named as ''[[Swaraj]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahindraswaraj.com/files/profile_history.htm |title=History |publisher=mahindraswaraj.com |access-date=2013-10-01 |archive-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130820054831/http://www.mahindraswaraj.com/files/profile_history.htm }}</ref> by [[Indira Gandhi]] (the then [[Prime Minister]] of India).
Recently, the institute developed the Soleckshaw [[electric rickshaw]] under the CSIR-800 community project program,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vigeyegpms.in/csir-800/ |title=CSIR-800 community project program |access-date=29 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203042037/http://www.vigeyegpms.in/csir-800/ }}</ref> to reduce the carbon footprint of the city<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Solar-rickshaws-to-power-green-city-dreams/articleshow/17347916.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121209045729/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-24/bhubaneswar/35333213_1_rickshaw-pullers-solar-rickshaw-soleckshaw |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-12-09 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Solar rickshaws to power green city dreams |access-date=2013-11-29}}</ref> and simultaneously mitigating the drudgery of the manual rickshaw puller.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/solekshwa-launched.htm |title="Solekshwa" Eco-Friendly Dual-Powered Rickshaw Launched |publisher=www.dst.gov.in |access-date=2013-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418032252/http://dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/solekshwa-launched.htm |archive-date=2009-04-18 }}</ref> The institute in collaboration of West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wbreda.org/ |title=Home |website=wbreda.org}}</ref> also developed a smart card based prepaid energy meter for use with renewal energy sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/bline/ew/2004/10/04/stories/2004100400180300.htm |title=Recharge your energy... with a card! |work=thehindubusinessline.in |access-date=2013-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://moso-technology.com/technology/future-technology/smart-card-operated-prepaid-energy-meter-csir-cmeri-technology/|title=Smard Card Operated Prepaid Energy Meter|access-date=2013-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204154156/http://moso-technology.com/technology/future-technology/smart-card-operated-prepaid-energy-meter-csir-cmeri-technology/|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Scientists of the institute have developed India's first cricket-ball stitching machine to bring uniformity in cricket balls and repeatability in performance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070218/asp/nation/story_7408282.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807082217/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070218/asp/nation/story_7408282.asp |archive-date=7 August 2016 |title=Sewing-machine swing to bowlers' woes |publisher=telegraphindia.com |access-date=2013-11-29 |location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>

Through its [[Surface Robotics Laboratory-CMERI|Surface Robotics Laboratory]], the institute has contributed to the development of mobile robot systems,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pokhrel |first=Deepak |date=18 December 2013 |title=Design and Development of a Spherical Robot (SpheRobot) |url=https://www.academia.edu/126207515 |journal=Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Machines and Mechanisms |via=Academia.edu}}</ref>

The institute is one of the nodal points of [[National Knowledge Network]] connectivity program under multi-gigabit pan-India network to share intellectual property and knowledge-base among premier R&D labs/institutes/universities of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nkn.in/connectedinstitutes.php |title=National Knowledge Network - Connecting Knowledge Institutions |publisher=www.nkn.in |access-date=2013-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127091827/http://nkn.in/connectedinstitutes.php |archive-date=27 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Notable Technologies Invented & Developed===
* Suri Transmission<ref name="auto"/>
* Coil Expanding & Spreading Machine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrdcindia.com/dairy4.htm |title=National Research Development Corporation |access-date=2013-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217231259/http://www.nrdcindia.com/dairy4.htm |archive-date=2013-12-17 }}</ref>
* Mini Climbing Crane(MCC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mini Climbing Crane {{!}} Sucess Story {{!}} NRDC |url=https://nrdcindia.com/SucessStory/21 |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=nrdcindia.com}}</ref>
* Handwasher<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contactless Hand Washer {{!}} CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute |url=https://www.cmeri.res.in/technology/contactless-hand-washer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608101001/https://www.cmeri.res.in/technology/contactless-hand-washer |archive-date=2025-06-08 |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=www.cmeri.res.in |language=en}}</ref>
* Automatic submerged arc welding machine
* Hydraulic Bolt Tensioner
* Portable oxy-gas cutting machine
* Reconfigurable Microfactory
* TIG cutting machine
* Cable Making Machine
* Calendar Sealing Machine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/technologies |title=Calendar Sealing Machine |access-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>
* Electric Tractor
* Pneumatic Precision Planter
* Programmable Irrigation Scheduler
* Hand Pump Attachable Iron Removal Plant<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/achievements/Rural/tech/detail.asp?g=3&s=2&t=7|title=Hand Pump Attachable Iron Removal Plant|access-date=2013-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224017/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/achievements/Rural/tech/detail.asp?g=3&s=2&t=7|archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref>
* Swaraj 35 HP Tractor<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scienceindiamag.in/swaraj-the-untold-story-of-indias-first-indigenous-tractor/ |title=Swaraj: The Untold Story Of India's First Indigenous Tractor |access-date=21 May 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
* Deep Sea-bed Mining System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dod.nic.in/ayr91-92/ar_mar32.htm|title=Deep Sea Bed Mining System|access-date=2013-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718165307/http://www.dod.nic.in/ayr91-92/ar_mar32.htm|archive-date=18 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Remotely Operated Vehicle<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Scientists-develop-ocean-probe-device/articleshow/43599061.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225049/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-16/kolkata/27264164_1_robotics-device-ocean |url-status=live |archive-date=2013-12-17 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Scientists develop ocean probe device|access-date=2013-12-17 }}</ref>
* Spouted Bed Dryer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/technologies|title=Spouted Bed Dryer|access-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>
* Fluidized Bed Dryer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/technologies|title=Fluidized Bed Dryer|access-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>
* 50 TPD Oil Expeller<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/technologies|title=Oil Expeller|access-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>
* Placer Sand Mining System<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nio.org/index.php?option=com_projdisp&task=show&pid=40|title=Environmental studies of coastal placer minerals|access-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>
* Mark II Hand Pump <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/technologies|title=Technology Profile of CSIR-CMERI |access-date=2016-08-11}}</ref>
* Rotillor
* Single Spindle Automatic Turret Lathe
* SPM for Automatic Reaming of Bores
* Electric Slag Refining Plant
* Friction Welding Machine & TIG Cutting Torch
* Self Propelled Combine Harvester
*Inter Row Rotary Cultivator for Wide Row Crops
* SPM for Manufacturing of Globoidal Cam Indexing Units
* SCARA Manipulator of 60 kg Payload
* Vision Guided Robotic System
* Radio Frequency Quadruple (RFQ) LINAC
* Design and Analysis of high 'Q' 75 MHz Radio Frequency (RF) Cavity for DRIFT Tube LINAC
* Fluidised Bed Dryer for Oilseeds
* 1 TPD Oil Expeller
* Epoxy Concrete Technology
* Process Development for manufacture of ADI crankshaft for cars and single cylinder agricultural pump engines
* Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV-150)
* [[Surface Robotics Laboratory-CMERI#Completed Projects|Sub-Terrain Robot]]
* [[Surface Robotics Laboratory-CMERI#Completed Projects|All Terrain Robot]]
* Five Axis μ-CNC Milling Machine
* Reconfigurable Micro Factory Test Bed
* 600 Litre/Day Capacity Semi Continuous Type Biodiesel Plant
* A Prepaid Smart Card Operated Electronic Energy Meter with Online Load Optimizer for Solar Power Application
* Orientation Unit for a Fruit Sorting and Grading Machine
* Mobile Bridge Inspection Unit
* Pneumatic Precision Planter for Vegetables
* Domestic Type Filtration unit for defluoridation of drinking water
* Appropriate Mechanization Project at the Durgapur Steel Plant
* Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV): 500 m Depth Qualification
* Design & development of an Autonomous Mobile Robot
* Autonomous Intelligent Robotic Wheel Chair
* Design and Development of an Outdoor Mobile Robot
* Teleoperated Rotary-Wing Aerial Robot (RWAR)
* Colposcope- a Medical Device
* Plasma Disposal of Plastic Waste and Generation of [[Syngas]] for Power Generation
* Washing Unit for Freshly Harvested Ginger/Turmeric
* Improved Cabinet Dryer for Ginger & Turmeric
* Agricultural Implements
* Krishi Shakti Tractor 10 HP Tractor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/achievements/10HP.pdf|title=10 HP Krishi Shakti Tractor: Empowering the Indian Farmer|access-date=2013-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829200653/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/achievements/10HP.pdf|archive-date=29 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140222/jsp/nation/story_18009514.jsp#.UwhW9n9lPKQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122051320/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140222/jsp/nation/story_18009514.jsp#.UwhW9n9lPKQ|archive-date=22 January 2015|title=Bengal tractor to put bullocks out of work |access-date=2014-02-22 | location=Calcutta, India|work=The Telegraph|first=G.S.|last=Mudur|date=2014-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/VBY0MmkgQRgTp25JljQZzM/CSIR-launches-tractor-for-farmers-with-small-land-holdings.html|title=CSIR launches tractor for farmers with small land holdings|access-date=2014-11-20 | location=Calcutta, India|work=Live Mint|first=Nikita|last=Mehta|date=2014-11-20}}</ref>
* Soleckshaw-Solar Electric Rickshaw<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/solekshwa-launched.htm|title=Soleckshaw-Solar Electric Rickshaw|access-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418032252/http://dst.gov.in/whats_new/press-release08/solekshwa-launched.htm|archive-date=2009-04-18}}</ref>
* Improved Iron Removal Plant<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/doc/iirp.pdf|title=Improved Iron Removal Plant|access-date=2016-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806172056/http://www.cmeri.res.in/doc/iirp.pdf|archive-date=6 August 2016}}</ref>
* Solar Power Tree<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=147570|title=Dr. Harsh Vardhan launches the 'Solar Power Tree' – an Innovation aimed at utilizing minimum land to harness maximum Solar Energy |access-date=2016-07-22}}</ref>
* Oxygen Enrichment Unit<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 28, 2021|title=OEU Manufactured by CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur may be used for High-Altitude Defence Purpose: Prof (Dr) Harish Hirani|work=[[United News Of India]] 3;34pm IST|url=https://www.uniindia.com/oeu-manufactured-by-csir-cmeri-durgapur-may-be-used-for-high-altitude-defence-purpose-prof-dr-harish-hirani/east/news/2407121.html|access-date=June 27, 2021}}</ref>

===Awards and Accolades===
* 1961: [[Padma Shri]], Recipient Shri Man Mohan Suri<ref>[[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1960–69)|Padma Shri Awards (1960–69)]]</ref>
* 1962: [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], Recipient Shri Man Mohan Suri<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm|title=ENGINEERING SCIENCES|access-date=2015-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211647/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Engineering_SCIENCES.htm|archive-date=2015-09-23}}</ref>
* 2003: "We Think for India" Award, Recipient, Dr. Gopal P. Sinha et al.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niscair.res.in/sciencecommunication/RnDNewsLetters/csirnews2k3/csirnews_15aug03.asp|title=WTI Award |access-date=2013-12-19}}</ref>
* 2003: SAIL Gold Medal, Recipient Dr. Gopal P. Sinha<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/oth/awards.pdf|title=Awards and Honors|access-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105094708/http://www.cmeri.res.in/oth/awards.pdf|archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref>
* 2013: CSIR Technology Award for Portable Colposcopy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.res.in/CSIR/External/Heads/career/award/2013/ppd_tech.pdf|title=CSIR Technology Award 2013|access-date=2013-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219121103/http://www.csir.res.in/CSIR/External/Heads/career/award/2013/ppd_tech.pdf|archive-date=19 December 2013}}</ref>
* 2017: CSIR Technology Award for Improved Iron Removal Plant and its implementation in Rural Areas{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

==Extension Centre==
[[File:CMERI Extension Center Ludhiana.jpg|thumb|right|[[CMERI-CoEFM, Ludhiana]] is the extension center of CMERI, Durgapur.]]
The CMERI Centre of Excellence for Farm Machinery (CMERI-CoEFM) (Erstwhile MERADO), Gill Road, Ludhiana, Punjab.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cmeri.res.in/department/cmeri-centre-excellence-farm-machinery| title=CSIR-CMERI-CoEFM, Ludhiana| access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref> The CMERI-CoEFM was established as Mechanical Engineering Research & Development Organization (MERADO) at [[Ludhiana]] as an extension center of CMERI to concentrate on the technology development and expertise needs of around 65,000 small & medium scale industries, concentrated in and around Ludhiana, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. In the past, a major component of R&D carried out at this center has gone towards the development of appropriate machinery for productivity enhancement in the agricultural and post-harvest processing sectors. A series of oil expellers of different capacities (from 1TPD to 50TPD) are developed with a patented technology to produce pungent oil from mustard seed, which was released to several industries. In the industrial front, the center developed many products ranging from single needle flat bed & post bed leather sewing machines and high-speed safety stitching industrial sewing machines for the textile industry, brick molding machines for the construction industry, radial drilling machines, friction welding machines, and rough terrain forklift truck for the manufacturing industry.

This extension center of CMERI, Durgapur is now concentrating on precision farming, multi-cropping, and productivity improvement of available land, which would lead to conservation of seed, water, and fertilizer through the development of advanced farm machinery equipped with advanced sensors.

At present, the major R&D thrust of this center is directed towards the exploration of various sources of bio-fuels and perfecting its extraction technology. CMERI-CoEFM has taken the initiative for the development of a small biodiesel plant suitable for farmers in rural sector. The center also has started experiments for utilization of de-oiled cakes for generation of bio-gas, which can be used by farmers for self-reliance in energy.

==Academics==
The institute offers integrated M.Tech.-PhD.<ref>[http://www.cmeri.res.in/academy-scientific-and-innovative-research-acsir AcSIR Programmes at CSIR-CMERI]</ref> programmes from the [[Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research]] in New Delhi<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acsir.res.in/|title=AcSIR - Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research {{pipe}} An Institution of National Importance, India|access-date=2 April 2023}}</ref> in [[Mechatronics]], and applied and [[Computational Mechanics]].<ref>[http://www.cmeri.res.in/academy-scientific-and-innovative-research-acsir Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Programmes]</ref> New [[Postgraduate diploma]] Program <ref>[http://www.cmeri.res.in/long-term-training Post Graduate Diploma Programs]</ref> in Robotics, Maintenance Engineering, and Advanced Manufacturing Technology are being offered with a target to provide in-depth exposure to the engineering concepts, scientific principles, implementation methodology and hands-on experience to freshers and Industry professionals. Other on-demand short-term courses are also arranged in the area of mechanical engineering and allied disciplines. The CMERI offers opportunities to do projects<ref>[http://www.cmeri.res.in Internship at CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur]</ref> twice a year for B.E./ B.Tech./ M.C.A./ M.Tech. to students from reputed engineering colleges like IITs, NITs etc. in [[Robotics]], [[Information Technology]], [[Mechanical Engineering]], [[Electronics]], [[Computer Science]], Mechatronics and [[Material Science]].<ref>[http://www.cmeri.res.in/short-term-training Academic opportunities in CSIR-CMERI]</ref>

==Further reading==
*{{cite news
|first = Narayanan Suresh
|last = Vantika Dixit
|url = http://m.technologyreview.com/computing/23043/
|title = Solar Powered Cycle
|publisher = [[MIT Technology Review]]
|date = July 2009
|access-date = 19 December 2013
|archive-url = https://archive.today/20131219111007/http://m.technologyreview.com/computing/23043/
|archive-date = 19 December 2013
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official}}

{{CSIR Labs}}
{{Paschim Bardhaman topics}}
{{Scientific Research in West Bengal}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Scientific organisations based in India]]
[[Category:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]]
[[Category:Education in Durgapur]]
[[Category:Research institutes in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Mechanical engineering organizations]]
[[Category:1958 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1958]]

Biswanath Mukherjee

2026-05-04T15:25:30Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{short description|Indian-American Distinguished Professor of computer science}}
{{multiple issues|{{BLP no footnotes|date=April 2017}}
{{overly detailed|date=April 2017}}
{{promotional|date=July 2019}}}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Biswanath Mukherjee
| image = File:BiswanathMukherjeeFotoThalerTamas.JPG
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_place =
| field = [[Computer science]]
| workplaces = [[University of California, Davis]]
| alma_mater = [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]]
| website = {{URL|https://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/bmukherjee.html/}}
| awards =
}}

Biswanath Mukherjee is an Indian-American Distinguished Professor of computer science at the University of California, Davis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biswanath Mukherjee Profile |url=https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/mukherjee/ |access-date=2026-05-04 |publisher=UC Davis College of Engineering}}</ref> His research focuses on optical networking architectures, algorithms, and protocols; he was elected an IEEE Fellow in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=IEEE Fellows 2007 |url=https://www.comsoc.org/membership/ieee-fellows/2007 |access-date=2026-05-04 |publisher=IEEE Communications Society}}</ref>"

==Early life==
Mukherjee received his [[Bachelor of Technology]] degree with honors from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur]] in 1980. He completed his Ph.D. in computer science at the [[University of Washington Information School|University of Washington]] in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty {{!}} UC Davis Networks Lab |url=https://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/faculty.html |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=networks.cs.ucdavis.edu}}</ref> That same year, he joined the [[University of California]], [[Davis, California|Davis]] as a faculty member in the computer science department. He became a professor in 1995 and was named a Distinguished [[Professor]] in 2011.<ref>
{{Cite web|
url=https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/mukherjee/|
title = Distinguished Professor; Faculty of Engineering at University of California, Davis}}
</ref>

He held the Child Family Professorship at [[UC Davis|UC]] Davis from 1995 to 2000, and served as chair of the computer science department from 1997 to 2000.<ref>
{{Cite web|
url=https://faculty.engineering.ucdavis.edu/mukherjee/biography/|
title = Department Chair; Department Chair, Computer Science, University of California, Davis}}
</ref>

==Career==
{{Peacock|date=July 2022}}
Mukherjee served as general co-chair of the IEEE/OSA Optical Fiber Communications (OFC) Conference in 2011, technical program co-chair of OFC in 2009, and technical program chair of [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE INFOCOM]] in 1996.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Mukherjee is the editor of the [[Springer books|Springer book]] series on Optical Networks. He has also served on the editorial boards of eight [[Academic paper|journals]] including ''IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking'' and ''IEEE Network''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2013-10-16 |title=Biography: Biswanath Mukherjee {{!}} UC Davis College of Engineering |url=https://engineering.ucdavis.edu/news/biography-biswanath-mukherjee |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=engineering.ucdavis.edu |language=en}}</ref> He serves on the advisory board of IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.<ref>
{{Cite web |title=IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials Editorial Board |url=https://www.comsoc.org/publications/journals/ieee-comst/ieee-communications-surveys-tutorials-editorial-board}}
</ref> He has also guest-edited special issues for journals such as ''Proceedings of the IEEE'', ''IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology'', ''IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications'', and ''IEEE Communications.''<ref name=":0" />

He was the first elected chairman of the Communication Society's Optical Networking Technical Committee.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=IEEE |date=December 2023 |title=IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems |url=https://ants2023.ieee-ants.org/program/keynote-speakers#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20he%20has%20guest,in%20the%20era%20of%20Digitalization}}</ref> He was a founding board member (2002–2007) of IPLocks, Inc., a [[Silicon Valley]] startup company acquired by [[Fortinet]], Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Optical Networks {{!}} Editorial board |url=https://link.springer.com/series/6976/editors |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=SpringerLink |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Mukherjee also served as a founding board of directors member (2015–2018) for Optella, Inc., an optical components startup acquired by Cosemi, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Technologies |first=Cosemi |date=2018-11-14 |title=Cosemi Acquires Optella |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/11/14/1651536/0/en/Cosemi-Acquires-Optella.html |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en-us}}</ref> He has also served on the technical advisory board for [[Teknovus]] (acquired by Broadcom). As the founder and president of Ennetix, Inc., a startup company incubated at UC Davis, he develops AI-powered network performance analytics and management software.<ref>
{{Cite web|
url=https://ennetix.com/about/|
title = About Ennetix}}
</ref>

==Major contributions==
*First proposal/prototype for a network intrusion detection system (1990): L. Todd Heberlein, B. Mukherjee, et al., "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/63859/ A Network Security Monitor (NSM)]," Proc., 1990 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 296–304, Oakland, CA, May 1990.
*First proposal/prototype for a filtering firewall (1990): C. Kwok and B. Mukherjee, "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/57509/ Cut-through bridging for CSMA/CD Local Area Networks]," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 38, pp. 938–942, July 1990.
*Contributions and books on [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/541317/ Optical backbone network design], IP over optical, virtualization, etc. (1991 onwards).
*First proposal/prototype for dynamic bandwidth allocation in Ethernet optical access networks (2002): G. Kramer, B. Mukherjee, and G. Pesavento, "[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/983911/ IPACT: A dynamic protocol for an Ethernet PON]," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 74–80, Feb. 2002.
*First proposal to integrate optical and wireless networks (2007): Suman Sarkar, Sudhir Dixit, and Biswanath Mukherjee, "[https://www.osapublishing.org/jlt/abstract.cfm?uri=JLT-25-11-3329 Hybrid Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN): A Review of Relevant Challenges]," IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25, no. 11, Nov. 2007.

==Selected keynote/plenary talks==
*May 13, 2019: "Rising Power of the Network User," 23rd Conference On Optical Network Design And Modelling ([http://www.ondm2019.com/keynote-speakers/ ONDM 2019]), Athens, Greece.
*January 5, 2017: "Cloud Computing and Virtualization," Indian Science Congress, Tirupati, India.
*September 24, 2016: "Disaster Resilience of Telecom Infrastructure," Chinacom, Chongqing, China.
*March 4, 2016: "Network Adaptability to Combat Disaster Disruptions and Cascading Failures," National Communications Conference (NCC), IIT Guwahati, India.
*October 28, 2013: "Software-Defined Optical Networks (SDONs)," ETRI Annual Conference, Jeju, Korea.
*April 18, 2013: "Panorama of Optical Network Survivability," Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM) Conference, Brest, France.
*September 3, 2012: "Emerging Technology/Research Trends in Next Generation Optical Networks," Chief Guest and Inauguration Address, Faculty Development Program, SRM University, Chennai, India.
*July 4, 2011: "Network Convergence in the Future Internet", at 12th International Conference on High-Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR), Cartagena, Spain.
*May 31, 2011: Brazilian Symposium on Networks and Distributed Systems (SBRC), Campo Grande, Brazil.
*July 12, 2010: "Convergence in the Optical Internet (COIN)", at 9th Convergence in the Optical Internet (COIN), Jeju, Korea.

==Selected awards==
*1991: Co-winner, Best Paper Award, 14th National Computer Security Conference, for the paper "DIDS (Distributed Intrusion Detection System – Motivation, Architecture, and an Early Prototype."{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
*1994: Co-winner, Paper Award, 17th National Computer Security Conference, for the paper "Testing Intrusion Detection Systems: Design Methodologies and Results from an Early Prototype."{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
*2004: Distinguished Graduate Mentoring Award, University of California, Davis.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
*2009: Winner, Outstanding Senior Faculty Award, College of Engineering, UC Davis.<ref>
{{Cite web|
url=https://engineering.ucdavis.edu/news/biswanath-mukherjee-deliver-uc-davis-annual-faculty-lecture-june-4|
title = Biswanath Mukherjee to deliver UC Davis Annual Faculty Lecture on June 4|
date = 23 May 2019}}
</ref>
*2015: Winner of the IEEE Communications Society's inaugural Outstanding Technical Achievement Award "for pioneering work on shaping the optical networking area."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buckner |first=Isabella Reina |date=2025-07-16 |title=Biswanath Mukherjee Receives IEEE Award for Research in Optical Networks {{!}} UC Davis College of Engineering |url=https://engineering.ucdavis.edu/news/biswanath-mukherjee-receives-ieee-award-research-optical-networks |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=engineering.ucdavis.edu |language=en}}</ref>
*2016: Winner, of UC Davis International Community Building Award.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anonymous |date=2020-02-03 |title=Awards |url=https://cs.ucdavis.edu/about/awards |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=cs.ucdavis.edu |language=en}}</ref>
*2017: IEEE Communications Society's Transmission, Access, and Optical Systems (TAOS) Best Paper Award for IEEE Globecom 2017 Optical Networks and Systems (ONS) Symposium, along with his co-authors, for the paper "TDM EPON Fronthaul Upstream Capacity Improvement Via Classification and Sifting''"''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAOS GC 2017 Awards – IEEE Communications Society Transmission, Access, and Optical Systems Technical Committee |url=https://taos.committees.comsoc.org/awards/taos-gc-2017-awards/ |access-date=2026-04-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
*2018: IEEE Communications Society Charles Kao Award (named after Nobel Laureate and Fiber Optic Pioneer [[Charles K. Kao|Charles Kao]]) for the Best Paper in the IEEE Journal on Optical Communications and Networks (JOCN), along with his co-authors for the paper "5G Fronthaul–Latency and Jitter Studies of CPRI Over Ethernet''"''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IEEE Communications Society Charles Kao Award for Best Optical Communications & Networking Paper {{!}} IEEE Communications Society |url=https://www.comsoc.org/engagement-community/awards/paper/ieee-communications-society-charles-kao-award-best-optical |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=www.comsoc.org |language=en}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
*''Optical Communication'' (1997)
*''Survivable Optical WDM Networks'' (2005; with Canhui Ou)
*''Traffic Grooming in Optical WDM Mesh Networks (''2005; with Keyao Zhu and Hongyue Zhu)
*''Optical WDM Networks (''2006)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

*{{GoogleScholar|ytXtLjkAAAAJ}}
*{{Official website|http://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/~mukherje/}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Biswanath}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1950s births]]
[[Category:Indian computer scientists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the IEEE]]
[[Category:University of California, Davis faculty]]
[[Category:IIT Kharagpur alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Parliamentary system

2026-05-04T08:12:13Z

CaseyBroderick: fix intro to improve readability and added references

{{Short description|Form of government}}
{{AI-generated|date=December 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Systems of government|upright=1.2}}
{{Politics sidebar|Systems}}
A '''parliamentary system''' is a form of [[government]] based on the [[fusion of powers]]. In this system the [[head of government]] (chief executive) derives their [[democracy|democratic]] legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of a majority of the [[parliament]], to which they are held accountable. This head of government is usually, but not always, distinct from a ceremonial [[head of state]]. This is in contrast to a [[presidential system|presidential]] or [[assembly-independent|assembly-independent system]], which features a president whose power is [[Separation of powers#Checks and balances|balanced]] against the [[legislature]] and the [[judiciary]], and cannot be replaced by a simple [[Majority rule|majority vote]].

Countries with parliamentary systems may be [[constitutional monarchies]], where a [[monarch]] is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a [[member of parliament]], or [[Parliamentary republic|parliamentary republics]], where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is from the legislature. In some countries, the head of government is also head of state but is [[Elected monarchy|elected]] by the legislature. In [[Bicameral legislature|bicameral]] parliaments, the head of government is generally, though not always, a member of the [[lower house]]. Typically, the head of state in a parliamentary republic is elected by popular vote; however, in some cases they are elected by an electoral college (e.g. [[President of Germany|Germany]]) or by members of parliament (e.g. [[President of Italy|Italy]]) in a special process.

Parliamentary democracy is the predominant [[form of government]] in the [[European Union]], [[Oceania]], and throughout the former [[British Empire]], with other users scattered throughout [[Africa]] and [[Asia]]. A similar system, called a [[council–manager government]], is used by many local governments in the [[United States]].

== History ==
{{Further|History of parliamentarism}}

The first [[parliament]]s date back to Europe in the Middle Ages. The earliest example of a parliament is disputed, especially depending how the term is defined. For example, the Icelandic [[Althing]] consisting of prominent individuals among the free landowners of the various districts of the [[Icelandic Commonwealth]] first gathered around the year 930 (it conducted its business orally, with no written record allowing an exact date). The first written record of a parliament, in particular in the sense of an assembly separate from the population called in presence of a king was in 1188, when Alfonso IX, King of Leon (Spain) convened the three states in the [[Cortes of León]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/decreta-leon-1188-oldest-documentary-manifestation-european-parliamentary-system|title=The Decreta of León of 1188 – The oldest documentary manifestation of the European parliamentary system|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref><ref>John Keane: ''The Life and Death of Democracy'', London 2009, 169–176.</ref> The [[Catalan Courts|Corts of Catalonia]] were the first parliament of Europe that officially obtained the power to pass legislation, apart from the custom.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sánchez |first1=Isabel |title=La Diputació del General de Catalunya (1413-1479) |date=2004 |publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans |location=Barcelona |isbn=9788472837508 |page=92}}</ref> An early example of parliamentary government also occurred in today's Netherlands and Belgium during the [[Dutch revolt]] (1581), when the sovereign, legislative and executive powers were taken over by the [[States General of the Netherlands]] from the monarch, [[King Philip II of Spain]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}}

In England, [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]] is remembered as one of the figures relevant later for convening two famous parliaments.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jobson|first1=Adrian|title=The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn= 978-1-84725-226-5 |pages=173–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gHWamp-TLoC&pg=PA174|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801012245/https://books.google.com/books?id=9gHWamp-TLoC&pg=PA174|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Simon de Montfort: The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30849472|access-date=19 January 2015|publisher=BBC|postscript=none|date=19 January 2015|archive-date=19 January 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150119092017/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30849472 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The January Parliament and how it defined Britain|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/11355822/The-January-Parliament-and-how-it-defined-Britain.html|access-date=28 January 2015|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=20 January 2015|archive-date=23 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123010049/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/11355822/The-January-Parliament-and-how-it-defined-Britain.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Oxford Parliament (1258)|The first]], in 1258, stripped the king of unlimited authority and the second, in 1265, included [[Simon de Montfort's Parliament|ordinary citizens from the towns]].<ref name="dnb">{{cite DNB |last=Norgate |first=Kate |author-link=Kate Norgate |wstitle=Montfort, Simon of (1208?-1265)|volume=38 }}</ref> Later, in the 17th century, the [[Parliament of England]] pioneered some of the ideas and systems of [[liberal democracy]] culminating in the [[Glorious Revolution]] and passage of the [[Bill of Rights 1689]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Kopstein|editor1-first=Jeffrey|editor2-last=Lichbach|editor2-first=Mark|editor3-last=Hanson|editor3-first=Stephen E.|title=Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1139991384|pages= 37–9|edition=4, revised|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2jwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|quote=Britain pioneered the system of liberal democracy that has now spread in one form or another to most of the world's countries|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630231313/https://books.google.com/books?id=L2jwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="refIIP">{{cite web|title=Constitutionalism: America & Beyond|url=http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/DOCS/Demopaper/dmpaper2.html |publisher=Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State|access-date=30 October 2014|quote=The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th, and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024130317/http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zhtw/DOCS/Demopaper/dmpaper2.html|archive-date=24 October 2014}}</ref> In the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], the monarch in theory chaired the cabinet and chose ministers. In practice, [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]]'s inability to speak English led to the responsibility for chairing cabinet to go to the leading minister, literally the ''prime'' or first minister, [[Robert Walpole]]. The gradual democratisation of Parliament with the broadening of the voting franchise increased Parliament's role in controlling government, and in deciding whom the king could ask to form a government. By the 19th century, the [[Great Reform Act 1832]] led to parliamentary dominance, with its choice deciding who was prime minister and the complexion of the government.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Institution of Prime Minister|url=https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/01/01/the-institution-of-prime-minister/|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|website = History of Government Blog|date=1 January 2012|first1= Andrew|last1= Blick |first2= George|last2= Jones|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310152512/https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/01/01/the-institution-of-prime-minister/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Carter|first1=Byrum E.|title=Office of the Prime Minister|date=2015|orig-year=1955|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400878260|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez7WCgAAQBAJ|chapter=The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819062756/https://books.google.com/books?id=ez7WCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

Other countries gradually adopted what came to be called the [[Westminster system]] of government,<ref>{{cite web |date=2 December 2013 |title=How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World |url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world |access-date=16 December 2013 |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> with an executive answerable to the lower house of a bicameral parliament, and exercising, in the name of the head of state, powers nominally vested in the head of state – hence the use of phrases such as [[His Majesty's Government (term)|''His Majesty's government'']] (in constitutional monarchies) or ''His Excellency's government'' (in parliamentary republics).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Seidle |first1=F. Leslie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3 |title=Reforming parliamentary democracy |last2=Docherty |first2=David C. |date=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=9780773525085 |page=3}}</ref> Such a system became particularly prevalent in older British dominions, many of which had their constitutions enacted by the British parliament; such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the [[Irish Free State]] and the [[Union of South Africa]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Julian Go |title=Constitutionalism and political reconstruction |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004151741 |editor1-last=Arjomand |editor1-first=Saïd Amir |pages=92–94 |chapter=A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945–2000 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&pg=PA94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnston |first1=Douglas M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVuwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA571 |title=The Historical Foundations of World Order |last2=Reisman |first2=W. Michael |date=2008 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-9047423935 |location=Leiden |page=571}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fieldhouse |first1=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZHdAZDr-kYC&pg=PR21 |title=Settler Self-Government, 1840–1900: The Development of Representative and Responsible Government |last2=Madden |first2=Frederick |date=1990 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-27326-1 |edition=1. publ. |location=New York |page=xxi}}</ref> Some of these parliaments were reformed from, or were initially developed as distinct from their original British model: the [[Australian Senate]], for instance, has since its inception more closely reflected the [[United States Senate|US Senate]] than the British [[House of Lords]]. Many of these countries, such as [[Trinidad and Tobago]] and [[Barbados]], have severed institutional ties to Great Britain by becoming republics with their own ceremonial presidents, but still retaining the Westminster system. The idea of parliamentary accountability and [[responsible government]] spread with these systems.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last1=Patapan |first1=Haig |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JTg0ZTM8X4oC |title=Westminster Legacies: Democracy and Responsible Government in Asia and the Pacific |last2=Wanna |first2=John |last3=Weller |first3=Patrick Moray |date=2005 |publisher=UNSW Press |isbn=978-0-86840-848-4 |language=en}}</ref>

Democracy and parliamentarianism became increasingly prevalent in Europe in the years after [[World War I]], partially imposed by the democratic victors,{{how|date=November 2019}} the United States, Great Britain and France, on the defeated countries and their successors, notably [[Weimar Germany|Germany's Weimar Republic]] and the [[First Austrian Republic]]. Nineteenth-century [[urbanisation]], the [[Industrial Revolution]] and [[modernism]] had already made the parliamentarist demands of the [[Classical radicalism|radicals]] and the emerging movement of [[Social democracy|social democrats]] increasingly difficult to ignore; these forces came to dominate many states that transitioned to parliamentarism, particularly in the [[French Third Republic]] where the [[Radical Party (France)|Radical Party]] and its centre-left allies dominated the government for several decades. The rise of [[fascism]] in the 1930s put an end to parliamentary democracy in Italy and Germany, among others. After the [[World War II]], the defeated [[Axis powers]] were occupied by the victorious [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. In those countries occupied by the Allied democracies (the United States, United Kingdom, and France) parliamentary constitutions were implemented, resulting in the Constitutions of [[Constitution of Italy|Italy]], [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]], and [[Constitution of Japan|Japan]]. The experiences of the war in the occupied nations where the legitimate democratic governments were allowed to return strengthened the public commitment to parliamentary principles; in [[Denmark]], a new constitution was written in 1953, while a long and acrimonious debate in Norway resulted in no changes being made to the [[Constitution of Norway]], a strongly entrenched democratic constitution.

== Characteristics ==
{{Further|Parliamentary procedure}}
{{prose|section|date=May 2026}}
A parliamentary system may be either [[bicameralism|bicameral]], with two [[chambers of parliament]] (or houses) or [[unicameralism|unicameral]], with just one parliamentary chamber. A bicameral parliament usually consists of a directly elected [[lower house]] with the power to determine the executive government, and an [[upper house]] which may be appointed or elected through a different mechanism from the lower house. A 2019 peer-reviewed [[meta-analysis]] based on 1,037 regressions in 46 studies finds that presidential systems generally seem to favor revenue cuts, while parliamentary systems would rely more on fiscal expansion characterized by a higher level of spending before an election.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cazals|first1=A. |last2=Mandon |first2=P. |year=2019 |title=Political Budget Cycles: Manipulation by Leaders versus Manipulation by Researchers? Evidence from a Meta-Regression Analysis. |journal=[[Journal of Economic Surveys]] |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=274–308 |doi=10.1111/joes.12263 |s2cid=158322229 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joes.12263|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

=== Types ===
Scholars of democracy such as [[Arend Lijphart]] distinguish two types of parliamentary democracies: the Westminster and Consensus systems.<ref>{{cite book| last=Lijphart |first=Arend |year=1999 |title=Patterns of democracy |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> Other variations exist, which scholars occasionally treat as variations of parliamentary systems, hybrids or [[sui generis]] forms of government.

==== Westminster system ====
[[File:Houses.of.parliament.overall.arp.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Palace of Westminster]] in [[London]], United Kingdom. The [[Westminster system]] originates from the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Houses of Parliament]].]]

The [[Westminster system]] is usually found in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and countries which were influenced by the British political tradition.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Arjomand|editor1-first=Saïd Amir|title=Constitutionalism and political reconstruction|date=2007|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9004151741|pages=92–94|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&pg=PA94|author1=Julian Go|chapter=A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945–2000|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801015306/https://books.google.com/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&lpg=PA93&pg=PA94|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world|publisher=University of Cambridge|access-date=16 December 2013|date=2 December 2013|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190945/http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Seidle|first1=F. Leslie|last2=Docherty|first2=David C.|title=Reforming parliamentary democracy|date=2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=9780773525085|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3|access-date=6 June 2020|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819121018/https://books.google.com/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3|url-status=live}}</ref> These parliaments tend to have a more adversarial style of debate and the [[plenary session]] of parliament is more important than committees. Some parliaments in this model are elected using a [[plurality voting system]], such as the United Kingdom, Canada, India and Malaysia, while others use some form of [[proportional representation]], such as Ireland and New Zealand. The [[Australian House of Representatives]] is elected using [[instant-runoff voting]], while the [[Australian Senate|Senate]] is elected using proportional representation through [[single transferable vote]]. Regardless of which system is used, the voting systems tend to allow the voter to vote for a named candidate rather than a [[closed list]]. Most Westminster systems employ strict monism, where ministers must be members of parliament simultaneously; while some Westminster systems, such as [[Bangladesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html|access-date=2023-02-08|website=bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd|at=Article 56}}</ref> permit the appointment of extra-parliamentary ministers, and others (such as [[Jamaica]]) allow outsiders to be appointed to the ministry through an appointed upper house, although a majority of ministers (which, by necessity, includes the prime minister) must come from within (the lower house of) the parliament.

==== Consensus system ====
[[File:Berlin reichstag CP.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|The [[Reichstag Building]] in [[Berlin]], Germany. The Consensus system is used in most Western European countries.]]
The Western European parliamentary model (e.g., Spain, Germany) tends to have a more consensual debating system and usually has semi-circular debating chambers. Consensus systems have more of a tendency to use [[proportional representation]] with [[open party list]]s than the Westminster Model legislatures. The committees of these parliaments tend to be more important than the [[plenary chamber]]. Most Western European countries do not employ strict monism, and allow extra-parliamentary ministers as a matter of course. The Netherlands, Slovakia and Sweden outright implement the principle of dualism, where Members of Parliament have to resign their place in Parliament upon being appointed (or elected) minister, as a form of [[separation of powers]].

=== Atypical parliamentary systems ===
The [[semi-presidential system]] is the most common variant of the parliamentary system. Widely adopted after the 1950s, it is modelled after the [[Fifth Republic of France]]. The French model (termed "premier-presidential")<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shugart|first=Matthew Søberg|date=2005-12-01|title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087|journal=French Politics|language=en|volume=3|issue=3|pages=323–351|doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087|issn=1476-3427}}</ref> retains the principle that the cabinet is [[de jure]] only politically responsible to parliament, however by also placing the president of the republic in the executive, who, unlike the prime minister, is not subject to parliamentary confidence (dual executive) it creates a hybrid of presidential and parliamentary models. Another model of semi-presidentialism is the "president-parliamentary" model, where the prime-minister and cabinet may also be dismissed be the president. Semi-presidential countries pose a challenge to political scientists as practice often differs from constitutional text. For example the French Republic is considered more presidentialized (president-parliamentary) in practice as presidents have been able to dismiss prime ministers at will.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siaroff |first=Alan |date=May 2003 |title=Comparative presidencies: The inadequacy of the presidential, semi-presidential and parliamentary distinction |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00084 |journal=European Journal of Political Research |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=287–312 |doi=10.1111/1475-6765.00084 |issn=0304-4130|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In the [[semi-parliamentary system]], the legislature is split into two parts that are both directly elected , but only the power to select and remove the members of the executive by a vote of no confidence and another that does not. This exists in [[Australia]] and [[Japan]].

In the (elected) [[prime-ministerial system]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shugart|first=Matthew Søberg|date=2005-12-01|title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087|journal=French Politics|language=en|volume=3|issue=3|pages=323–351|doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087|issn=1476-3427}}</ref> voters vote for both members of legislature and the [[prime minister]]. It is possible under a constitutional monarchy, but has only existed in [[republic]]s.

A [[Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]] is a form of parliamentary republic in which the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature to which it is held accountable, but is characterized by a combined head of state–head of government office in the form of an [[executive president]] who carries out both functions.

=== Appointment of the head of government ===
Implementations of the parliamentary system can also differ as to how the prime minister and government are appointed and whether the government needs the explicit approval of the parliament, rather than just the absence of its disapproval. While most parliamentary systems such as India require the prime minister and other ministers to be a member of the legislature, in other countries like Canada and the United Kingdom this only exists as a convention, some other countries including Norway, Sweden and the Benelux countries require a sitting member of the legislature to resign such positions upon being appointed to the executive.

* ''' The head of state appoints a prime minister who will likely have majority support in parliament'''. While in the majority of cases prime ministers in the [[Westminster system]] are the leaders of the largest party in parliament, technically the appointment of the prime minister is a prerogative exercised by the head of state (be it the monarch, the governor-general, or the president). This system is used in:
** {{flag|Australia}}
** {{flag|Canada}}
** {{flag|India}}
** {{flag|Jamaica}}
** {{flag|Malaysia}}
** {{flag|New Zealand}}
** {{flag|United Kingdom}}
** {{flag|Portugal}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/EN|title=The Assembleia da República as a body that exercises sovereign power / Folketinget| accessdate=16 September 2024}}</ref>
**{{flag|Czech Republic}}
**{{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert Radek |title=Proces formowania się rządu w wybranych państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej - analiza porównawcza |date=2017 |publisher=University of Silesia in Katowice |url=https://rebus.us.edu.pl/bitstream/20.500.12128/15355/4/Radek_proces_formowania_sie_rzadu.pdf |access-date=15 February 2026}}</ref>
* ''' The head of state appoints a prime minister who must gain a vote of confidence within a set time.''' This system is used in:
** {{flag|Italy}}
* ''' The head of state appoints the leader of the political party holding a plurality of seats in parliament as prime minister'''. For example, in Greece, if no party has a majority, the leader of the party with a plurality of seats is given an ''exploratory mandate'' to receive the confidence of the parliament within three days. If said leader fails to obtain the confidence of parliament, then the leader of the ''second''-largest party is given the ''exploratory mandate''. If that fails, then the leader of the ''third''-largest political party is given the ''exploratory mandate'', and so on. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Greece}}
* ''' The head of state ''nominates'' a candidate for prime minister who then tries to form a government that doesn't have a majority against them in parliament.''' In practice all leaders of political parties meets with the head of state and secretly nominates favorite candidates, and who they would reject. If one candidate fails for form a government another may be appointed, or a new election called.
** {{flag|Denmark}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.dk/da/folkestyret/regeringen/saadan-dannes-en-regering|title=Sådan dannes en regering / Folketinget|date=29 November 2016 |accessdate=31 July 2024}}</ref>
* ''' The head of state ''nominates'' a candidate for prime minister who is then submitted to parliament for approval before appointment.''' Example: Spain, where the King sends a proposal to the [[Congress of Deputies]] for approval. Also, Germany where under the [[Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany|German Basic Law]] (constitution) the [[Bundestag]] votes on a candidate nominated by the federal president. In these cases, parliament can choose another candidate who then would be appointed by the head of state. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Estonia}}
** {{flag|Germany}}
** {{flag|Spain}}
* ''' Parliament ''nominates'' a candidate whom the head of state is constitutionally obliged to appoint as prime minister.''' Example: Japan, where the [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] appoints the [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] on the nomination of the [[National Diet]]. Also Ireland, where the [[President of Ireland]] appoints the [[Taoiseach]] on the nomination of [[Dáil Éireann]]. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Ireland}}
** {{flag|Japan}}
** {{flag|Thailand}}
* '''A public officeholder (other than the head of state or their representative) ''nominates'' a candidate, who, if approved by parliament, is appointed as prime minister.''' Example: Under the Swedish [[Instrument of Government (1974)]], the power to appoint someone to form a government has been moved from the monarch to the Speaker of Parliament and the parliament itself. The speaker nominates a candidate, who is then elected to prime minister (''statsminister'') by the parliament if an absolute majority of the members of parliament does not vote against the candidate (i.e. they can be elected even if more members of parliament vote ''No'' than ''Yes).'' This system is used in:
** {{flag|Sweden}}
* '''Direct election by popular vote.''' Example: Israel, 1996–2001, where the prime minister was elected in a general election, with no regard to political affiliation, and whose procedure can also be described as an [[Prime-ministerial system|elected prime-ministerial system]].<ref name="Pouvoirs">{{cite magazine |last=Duverger |first=Maurice |author-link=Maurice Duverger |date=September 1996 |title=Les monarchies républicaines |trans-title=The crowned republics |url=http://www.revue-pouvoirs.fr/IMG/pdf/78Pouvoirs_p107-120_monarchies_republicaines.pdf |language=fr |magazine=Pouvoirs, revue française d'études constitutionnelles et politiques |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |issn=0152-0768 |isbn=2-02-030123-7 |issue=78 |pages=107–120 |access-date=10 September 2016 |archive-date=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001151614/https://revue-pouvoirs.fr/IMG/pdf/78Pouvoirs_p107-120_monarchies_republicaines.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Forms">{{cite book |last1=Frosini |first1=Justin Orlando |year=2008 |editor-last=Ferrari |editor-first=Giuseppe Franco |title=Forms of State and Forms of Government |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GFBPlYjuJYsC |publisher=Giuffrè Editore |pages=54–55 |isbn=9788814143885 |access-date=13 November 2016 |via=[[Google Books]] |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819092351/https://books.google.com/books?id=GFBPlYjuJYsC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |date=2005-12-01 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |journal=French Politics |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |issn=1476-3427}}</ref> This system was used in:
** {{flag|Israel}} (1996–2001)

=== Head of state ===

Parliamentary systems vary also vary in how the head of state is elected or selected. [[Constitutional monarchy|Parliamentary monarchies]] operate under [[Order of succession|hereditary succession]]. Parliamentary republics most commonly elect the head of state directly by popular vote, typically via a [[two-round system]], therefore a [[Majority rule|majority]] or plurality principle.

* ''' The head of state is elected directly''', usually via a two-round system, rarely by [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] voting. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Austria}}
** {{flag|Croatia}}
** {{flag|Czech Republic}}
** {{flag|Finland}}
** {{flag|Iceland}}
** {{flag|Ireland}}
** {{flag|Poland}}
** {{flag|Portugal}}<ref name=":0" />
**{{flag|Slovakia}}
**{{flag|Slovenia}}
* '''The head of state is a constitutional monarch'''. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Australia}}
** {{flag|Canada}}
** {{flag|Denmark}}
** {{flag|Jamaica}}
** {{flag|Japan}}
** {{flag|Malaysia}}
** {{flag|New Zealand}}
** {{flag|Spain}}
** {{flag|Sweden}}
** {{flag|United Kingdom}}
* ''' The head of state is elected by members of parliament under a special voting procedure.''' This usually involves supermajority rules in the first rounds, and simple majority rule in subsequent rounds. This system is used in:
** {{flag|Italy}}
** {{flag|Greece}}
* ''' The head of state is elected by an [[electoral college]], as special assembly for electing the president.'''
** {{flag|Republic of China}} ([[Republic of China (1912–1949)|1947]]–1996)
** {{flag|Estonia}}
** {{flag|Germany}}
** {{flag|India}}

=== Power of dissolution and call for election ===
Furthermore, there are variations as to what conditions exist (if any) for the government to have the right to dissolve the parliament:
* In some countries, especially those operating under a [[Westminster system]], such as the United Kingdom, Denmark, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand, the prime minister has the ''de facto'' power to call an election, at will. In Spain, the prime minister is the only person with the ''de jure'' power to call an election, granted by Article 115 of the [[Constitution of Spain|Constitution]].
* In Israel, parliament may vote to dissolve itself in order to call an election, or the prime minister may call a snap election with presidential consent if his government is deadlocked. A non-passage of the budget automatically calls a snap election.
* Other countries only permit an election to be called in the event of a [[vote of no confidence]] against the government, a supermajority vote in favour of an early election or a prolonged deadlock in parliament. These requirements can still be circumvented. For example, in Germany in 2005, [[Gerhard Schröder]] deliberately allowed his government to lose a confidence motion, in order to call an early election.
* In Sweden, the government may call a snap election at will, but the newly elected [[Riksdag]] is only elected to fill out the previous Riksdag's term. The last time this option was used was in [[1958 Swedish general election|1958]].
* In [[Greece]], before 2019 , a general election was called if the [[Hellenic Parliament|Parliament]] failed to elect a new [[President of Greece|head of state]] when his or her term ended. In January 2015, [[2014–2015 Greek presidential election|this constitutional provision was exploited]] by [[Syriza]] to [[January 2015 Greek legislative election|trigger a snap election, win it]] and oust rivals [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]] from power. After the [[Greek constitutional amendment of 2019|2019 constitutional revision]], the election of the President can no longer trigger a general election.
* In Italy the government has no power to call a snap election. A snap election can only be called by the [[President of Italy|head of state]], following a consultation with the presidents of both houses of parliament.
* Norway is unique among parliamentary systems in that the [[Storting]] always serves the whole of its four-year term. In the event of a [[vote of no confidence]], neither the [[King of Norway|head of state]] nor the outgoing [[Prime minister of Norway|prime minister]] has the legal authority to call a snap election.
* In Australia, under certain, unique conditions, the [[Prime Minister of Australia|prime minister]] can request the [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor General]] to call for a [[double dissolution]], whereby all rather than only half of the [[Australian Senate|Senate]], is dissolved – in effect electing all of the Parliament simultaneously.

The parliamentary system can be contrasted with a [[presidential system]] which operates under a stricter separation of powers, whereby the executive does not form part of—nor is appointed by—the parliamentary or legislative body. In such a system, parliaments or congresses do not select or dismiss heads of government, and governments cannot request an early dissolution as may be the case for parliaments (although the parliament may still be able to dissolve itself, as in the case of [[Cyprus]]). There also exists the [[semi-presidential system]] that draws on both presidential systems and parliamentary systems by combining a powerful president with an executive responsible to parliament: for example, the [[French Fifth Republic]].

Parliamentarianism may also apply to [[Regional government|regional]] and [[local government]]s. An example is [[Oslo]] which has an executive council (Byråd) as a part of the parliamentary system. The [[Devolution in the United Kingdom|devolved nations of the United Kingdom]] are also parliamentary and which, as with the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]], may hold early elections – this has only occurred with regards to the [[Northern Ireland Assembly]] in [[2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election|2017]] and [[Next Northern Ireland Assembly election|2022]].

=== Anti-defection law ===
{{redirect|Anti-defection law|the law in India|Anti-defection law (India)}}

A few parliamentary democratic nations such as [[Anti-defection law (India)|India]], Pakistan and Bangladesh have enacted laws that prohibit floor crossing or switching parties after the election. Under these laws, elected representatives will lose their seat in the parliament if they go against their party in votes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://prsindia.org/uploads/media/Note%20on%20Anti-Defection.pdf |title=The Anti-Defection Law – Intent and Impact Background Note for the Conference on Effective Legislatures |access-date=16 December 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819113945/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Note%20on%20Anti-Defection.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1937/Anti-defection-law-the-challenges.html|title=Anti-defection law the challenges|website=legalservicesindia.com|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202021958/http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1937/Anti-defection-law-the-challenges.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kartik-khanna-and-dhvani-shah.pdf|title=ANTI-DEFECTION LAW: A DEATH KNELL FOR PARLIAMENTARY DISSENT?|journal=NUJS Law Review|date=Mar 2012|access-date=15 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528062743/http://nujslawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kartik-khanna-and-dhvani-shah.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2016}}</ref>

In the UK parliament, a member is free to cross over to a different party. In Canada and Australia, there are no restraints on legislators switching sides.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://barandbench.com/anti-defection-laws-in-india-its-flaws-and-its-falls/|title=[Columns] Anti-Defection Laws in India: Its flaws and its falls|date=1 August 2019}}</ref> In New Zealand, [[Waka-jumping#Legislation|waka-jumping legislation]] provides that MPs who switch parties or are expelled from their party may be expelled from Parliament at the request of their former party's leader.

=== Parliamentary sovereignty ===
{{Further|Parliamentary sovereignty}}
A few parliamentary democracies such as the [[United Kingdom]] and [[New Zealand]] have weak or non-existent checks on the legislative power of their Parliaments,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2022 |title=UK Parliament glossary |url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/parliamentary-sovereignty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928161907/https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/parliamentary-sovereignty/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=UK Parliament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2016 |title=Our system of government |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/our-system-of-government/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017113130/https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/our-system-of-government/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |publisher=New Zealand Parliament}}</ref> where any newly approved Act shall take precedence over all prior Acts. All laws are equally unentrenched, wherein [[judicial review]] may not outright annul nor amend them, as frequently occurs in other parliamentary systems like [[Constitutional review in Germany|Germany]]. Whilst the head of state for both nations ([[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Monarch]], and or [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor General]]) has the de jure power to withhold [[Royal assent|assent]] to any bill passed by their Parliament, this check has not been exercised in Britain since the [[Scottish Militia Bill|1708 Scottish Militia Bill]].

Whilst both the UK and New Zealand have some Acts or parliamentary rules establishing [[Supermajority|supermajorities]] or additional legislative procedures for certain legislation, such as previously with the [[Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011]] (FTPA), these can be bypassed through the enactment of another that amends or ignores these supermajorities away, such as with the [[Early Parliamentary General Election Act 2019]] – bypassing the 2/3rd supermajority required for an early dissolution under the FTPA<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Fixed-term Parliament Act 2011 |url=https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06111/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021190612/https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn06111/ |archive-date=21 October 2022 |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=UK Parliament}}</ref> -, which enabled the early dissolution for the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]].

=== Metrics ===
Parliamentarism metrics allow a quantitative comparison of the strength of parliamentary systems for individual countries. One parliamentarism metric is the Parliamentary Powers Index.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fish|first1=M. Steven|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/handbook-of-national-legislatures/E069CD547EBAA4FE7D241E115C18664E|title=The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey|last2=Kroenig|first2=Matthew|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-51466-8|location=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511575655}}</ref>

==Advantages==
=== Adaptability ===
Parliamentary systems like that found in the United Kingdom are widely considered to be more flexible, allowing a rapid change in legislation and policy as long as there is a stable majority or coalition in parliament, allowing the government to have 'few legal limits on what it can do'<ref name = 0745-1253>{{Cite journal|last=Weaver|first=R. Kent|date=1985|title=Are Parliamentary Systems Better?|journal=The Brookings Review|volume=3|issue=4|pages=16–25|doi=10.2307/20079894|issn=0745-1253|jstor=20079894}}</ref> When combined with [[first-past-the-post voting]], this system produces the classic "Westminster model" with the twin virtues of strong but responsive party government.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Norris|first=Pippa|s2cid=144867316|date=1995 |title= The Politics of Electoral Reform in Britain|journal= International Political Science Review|volume=16|issue=1|pages=65–78 |issn= 0192-5121 |jstor=1601169|doi=10.1177/019251219501600105}}</ref> This electoral system providing a strong majority in the House of Commons, paired with the [[Fusion of powers|fused power system]] results in a particularly powerful government able to provide change and 'innovate'.<ref name = 0745-1253/>

=== Scrutiny and accountability ===
The United Kingdom's fused power system is often noted to be advantageous with regard to accountability. The centralised government allows for more transparency as to where decisions originate from, this contrasts with the American system with Treasury Secretary [[C. Douglas Dillon]] saying "the president blames Congress, the Congress blames the president, and the public remains confused and disgusted with government in Washington".<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/constitutionalre00sund_1|title=Constitutional reform and effective government|last=Sundquist|first=James L.|date=1992|publisher=Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Furthermore, ministers of the UK cabinet are subject to weekly Question Periods in which their actions/policies are scrutinised; no such regular check on the government exists in the U.S. system.

=== Distribution of power ===
A 2001 [[World Bank]] study found that parliamentary systems are associated with less corruption.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lederman |first1=Daniel |title=Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter |series=Policy Research Working Papers |date=November 2001 |publisher=World Bank |page=27 |doi=10.1596/1813-9450-2708 |url=https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2708}}</ref>

=== Calling of elections ===
In his 1867 book ''[[The English Constitution]]'', [[Walter Bagehot]] praised parliamentary governments for producing serious debates, for allowing for a change in power without an election, and for allowing elections at any time. Bagehot considered [[fixed-term election]]s such as the four-year election rule for [[President of the United States|presidents of the United States]] to be unnatural, as it can potentially allow a president who has disappointed the public with a dismal performance in the second year of their term to continue on until the end of their four-year term. Under a parliamentary system, a prime minister that has lost support in the middle of their term can be easily replaced by their own peers with a more popular alternative, as the Conservative Party in the UK did with successive prime ministers [[David Cameron]], [[Theresa May]], [[Boris Johnson]], [[Liz Truss]], and [[Rishi Sunak]].

Although Bagehot praised parliamentary governments for allowing an election to take place at any time, the lack of a definite election calendar can be abused. Under some systems, such as the British, a ruling party can schedule elections when it believes that it is likely to retain power, and so avoid elections at times of unpopularity. (From 2011, election timing in the UK was partially fixed under the [[Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011]], which was repealed by the [[Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022]].) Thus, by a shrewd timing of elections, in a parliamentary system, a party can extend its rule for longer than is feasible in a presidential system. This problem can be alleviated somewhat by setting fixed dates for parliamentary elections, as is the case in several of Australia's state parliaments. In other systems, such as the Dutch and the Belgian, the ruling party or coalition has some flexibility in determining the election date. Conversely, flexibility in the timing of parliamentary elections can avoid periods of legislative gridlock that can occur in a fixed period presidential system. In any case, voters ultimately have the power to choose whether to vote for the ruling party or someone else.

== Disadvantages ==
=== Incomplete separation of powers ===

According to [[Arturo Fontaine Talavera|Arturo Fontaine]], parliamentary systems in Europe have yielded very powerful heads of government which is rather what is often criticized about presidential systems. Fontaine compares United Kingdom's [[Margaret Thatcher]] to the United States' [[Ronald Reagan]] noting the former head of government was much more powerful despite governing under a parliamentary system.<ref name=Fontaine2021>{{Cite news|title=Arturo Fontaine: "Si se estableciera el semipresidencialismo, a poco andar el pueblo sentiría que ha sido engañado"|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2021/11/05/1037461/cronica-constitucional-arturo-fontaine-semipresidencialismo.html|last=Valenzuela Manguini|first=Álvaro|date=2021-11-05|access-date=2021-11-07|work=[[El Mercurio|Emol]]|language=Spanish}}</ref> The rise to power of [[Viktor Orbán]] in Hungary has been claimed to show how parliamentary systems can be subverted.<ref name=Fontaine2021/> The situation in Hungary was according to Fontaine allowed by the deficient separation of powers that characterises parliamentary and semi-presidential systems.<ref name=Fontaine2021/> Once [[2010 Hungarian parliamentary election|Orbán's party got two-thirds]] of the seats in Parliament in a single election, a [[supermajority]] large enough to amend the Hungarian constitution, there was no institution that was able to balance the concentration of power.<ref name=Fontaine2021/> In a presidential system it would require at least two separate elections to create the same effect; the presidential election, and the legislative election, and that the president's party has the legislative supermajority required for constitutional amendments. Safeguards against this situation implementable in both systems include the establishment of an upper house or a requirement for external ratification of constitutional amendments such as a [[referendum]]. Fontaine also notes as a warning example of the flaws of parliamentary systems that if the United States had a parliamentary system, [[Donald Trump]], as head of government, could have dissolved the [[United States Congress]].<ref name=Fontaine2021/>

=== Legislative flip-flopping ===

The ability for strong parliamentary governments to push legislation through with the ease of fused power systems such as in the United Kingdom, whilst positive in allowing rapid adaptation when necessary e.g. the nationalisation of services during the world wars, in the opinion of some commentators does have its drawbacks. For instance, the flip-flopping of legislation back and forth as the majority in parliament changed between the Conservatives and Labour over the period 1940–1980, contesting over the nationalisation and privatisation of the British Steel Industry resulted in major instability for the British steel sector.<ref name = 0745-1253/>

=== Political fragmentation ===

In R. Kent Weaver's book ''Are Parliamentary Systems Better?'', he writes that an advantage of presidential systems is their ability to allow and accommodate more diverse viewpoints. He states that because "legislators are not compelled to vote against their constituents on matters of local concern, parties can serve as organizational and roll-call cuing vehicles without forcing out dissidents".<ref name = 0745-1253/>

=== Democratic unaccountability ===

All current parliamentary democracies see the indirect election or appointment of their head of government. As a result, the electorate has limited power to remove or install the person or party wielding the most power. Although [[strategic voting]] may enable the party of the prime minister to be removed or empowered, this can be at the expense of voters first preferences in the many parliamentary systems utilising [[First-past-the-post voting|first past the post]], or having no effect in dislodging those parties who consistently form part of a coalition government, as with then [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch prime minister]] [[Mark Rutte]] and his party the [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]'s 4 terms in office, despite their peak support reaching only [[2012 Dutch general election|26.6% in 2012]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |date=14 December 2021 |title='Teflon' Mark Rutte set for fourth Dutch term after record-breaking talks |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/14/teflon-mark-rutte-fourth-dutch-term-record-breaking-talks-government-coalition |url-access=registration |access-date=27 October 2022}}</ref>

== Countries ==
{{main|List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary systems}}

=== Africa ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Connection between the legislature and the executive
|-
| {{flagu|Botswana}} || [[Parliament of Botswana]] elects the [[President of Botswana|President]] who appoints the [[Cabinet of Botswana|Cabinet]]
|-
| {{flagu|Ethiopia}} || [[Federal Parliamentary Assembly]] appoints the [[Council of Ministers (Ethiopia)|Council of Ministers]]
|-
| {{flagu|Lesotho}} || [[National Assembly (Lesotho)|National Assembly of Lesotho]] determines the [[Prime Minister of Lesotho]]
|-
| {{flagu|Mauritius}} || [[National Assembly of Mauritius|National Assembly]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Mauritius]]
|-
| {{flagu|Somalia}} || [[Federal Parliament of Somalia]] elects the [[President of Somalia|President]] who appoints the [[Prime Minister of Somalia|Prime Minister]]
|-
| {{flagu|South Africa}} || [[Parliament of South Africa]] elects the [[President of South Africa|President]] who appoints the [[Cabinet of South Africa|Cabinet]]
|-
| {{flagu|Togo}} ||
[[National Assembly (Togo)|National Assembly]] elects the [[President of Togo|President]] who appoints the [[Prime Minister of Togo|Prime Minister]]
|}

=== Americas ===
[[File:Belmopan Parliament.jpg|thumb|[[House of Representatives (Belize)|House of Representatives of Belize]]]]
[[File:Centre Block - Parliament Hill.jpg|thumb|[[Parliament of Canada]]]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=230pt|Country !! Connection between the legislature and the executive
|-
| {{flagu|Antigua and Barbuda}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Representatives of Antigua and Barbuda]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda]] by the [[Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Antigua and Barbuda]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|The Bahamas}}|| Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Assembly of the Bahamas]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of the Bahamas]] by the [[Governor-General of the Bahamas]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of the Bahamas]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Barbados}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Assembly of Barbados]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Barbados]] by the [[President of Barbados]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Barbados]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Belize}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Representatives of Belize]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Belize]] by the [[Governor-General of Belize]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Belize]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Canada}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Commons of Canada]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Canada]] by the [[Governor General of Canada]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Canada]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Dominica}} || [[House of Assembly of Dominica|Parliament]] approves the [[Cabinet of Dominica]]
|-
| {{flagu|Grenada}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Representatives of Grenada]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Grenada]] by the [[Governor-General of Grenada]], who then appoints the [[Government of Grenada|Cabinet of Grenada]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Jamaica}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Representatives of Jamaica]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] by the [[Governor-General of Jamaica]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Jamaica]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[National Assembly of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] by the [[Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis]], who then appoints the [[Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Cabinet of Saint Kitts and Nevis]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Saint Lucia}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Assembly of Saint Lucia]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Saint Lucia]] by the [[Governor-General of Saint Lucia]], who then appoints the [[Government of Saint Lucia|Cabinet of Saint Lucia]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Assembly of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] by the [[Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], who then appoints the [[Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Cabinet of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Suriname}} ||[[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]] elects the [[President of Suriname|President]], who appoints the [[Government of Suriname|Cabinet of Suriname]]
|-
| {{flagu|Trinidad and Tobago}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[House of Representatives of Trinidad and Tobago]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago]] by the [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
|}

=== Asia ===
[[File:National Assembly of Armenia.jpg|right|thumb|[[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly of Armenia]]]]
[[File:National_Assembly_of_Bangladesh_(06).jpg|thumb|[[Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban]], parliament building of Bangladesh]]
[[File:Glimpses of the new Parliament Building, in New Delhi (2).jpg|thumb|[[Sansad Bhavan]], parliament building of India]]
[[File:Baghdad Convention Center.jpg|thumb|[[Council of Representatives of Iraq]]]]
[[File:Knesset Building (South Side).JPG|thumb|[[Knesset]] of Israel in [[Jerusalem]]]]
[[File:MalaysianParliament.jpg|thumb|[[Parliament of Malaysia]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=130pt|Country !! Connection between the legislature and the executive
|-
|{{flagu|Armenia}}
|[[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]] appoints and (no sooner than one year) can dismiss through the [[constructive vote of no confidence]] the [[Government of Armenia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Bangladesh}} || [[Jatiya Sangsad]] approves the [[Cabinet of Bangladesh]]
|-
| {{flagu|Bhutan}} || [[Parliament of Bhutan]] approves the [[Lhengye Zhungtshog]]
|-
| {{flagu|Cambodia}} || [[Parliament of Cambodia]] approves the [[Council of Ministers (Cambodia)|Council of Ministers]]
|-
| {{flagu|Republic of China|1928}} (Taiwan)||
* 1947 Constitution: The [[Legislative Yuan]] approves the [[Executive Yuan]] in which the premier is nominated and appointed by the president, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan.
* 2005 Amendments: The [[Legislative Yuan]] approves the [[Executive Yuan]] in which the premier is appointed by the president. The Legislative Yuan may vote for motion of no confidence.
|-
| {{flagu|Georgia}} ||The [[Prime Minister of Georgia|Prime Minister]] is nominated by a political party that has secured the best results in the parliamentary election. The nominee must be approved by the [[Parliament of Georgia (country)|Parliament]] and formally by the [[President of Georgia|President]]. The Prime Minister then appoints the [[Government of Georgia (country)|Cabinet of Ministers]].
|-
| {{flagu|India}} ||[[President of India]] appoints the leader of the political party or [[alliance]] that has the support of a majority in the [[Lok Sabha]] as [[Prime Minister of India]], who then forms the [[Union Council of Ministers]]
|-
| {{flagu|Iraq}} || [[Council of Representatives of Iraq|Council of Representatives]] approves the [[Cabinet of Iraq]]
|-
| {{flagu|Israel}} || A member of the [[Knesset]] that has the best chance of forming a coalition is given a mandate to do so by the [[President of Israel]]. On success, they are appointed as the [[Prime Minister of Israel]]. The Prime Minister then appoints the [[Cabinet of Israel]].
|-
| {{flagu|Japan}} || [[National Diet]] nominates the [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] who appoints the [[Cabinet of Japan]]
|-
| {{flagu|Kuwait}} || [[National Assembly (Kuwait)|National Assembly]] approves the Crown Prince who appoints the [[Prime Minister of Kuwait|Prime Minister]] who appoints the [[Cabinet of Kuwait]]
|-
| {{flagu|Laos}} || [[National Assembly (Laos)|National Assembly]] elects the [[President of Laos|President]] who nominates the [[Prime Minister of Laos|Prime Minister]]
|-
| {{flagu|Lebanon}} || Maronite Christian president is elected by the [[Parliament of Lebanon]]. He appoints the Prime Minister (a Sunni Muslim) and the cabinet. The Parliament thereafter approves the [[Cabinet of Lebanon]] through a vote of confidence (a simple majority).
|-
| {{flagu|Malaysia}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[Dewan Rakyat]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]] by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Malaysia]] on the advice of the Prime Minister.
|-
| {{flagu|Myanmar}} || [[Assembly of the Union]], by an [[Presidential Electoral College|electoral college]], elects the [[President of Myanmar|President]] who forms the [[Cabinet of Myanmar]]. However, Myanmar is currently under the rule of the [[State Administration Council]], which assumed power by [[2021 Myanmar coup d'état|coup d'état]]
|-
| {{flagu|Nepal}} || [[Parliament of Nepal]] elects the [[Prime Minister of Nepal|Prime Minister]] who, by turn, appoints the [[Cabinet of Nepal]]
|-
| {{flagu|Pakistan}} || [[Parliament of Pakistan]] elects the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] who has majority support of members of [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]. [[Cabinet of Pakistan]] is appointed by [[President of Pakistan]] on advice of Prime Minister.
|-
| {{flagu|Singapore}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[Parliament of Singapore]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Singapore]] by the [[President of Singapore]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Singapore]] on the advice of the Prime Minister.
|-
| {{flagu|Thailand}} || The [[Monarchy of Thailand|Monarch]] appoints the MP or individual nominated by in the [[House of Representatives (Thailand)|House of Representatives]] (usually the leader of the largest party or coalition) as [[Prime Minister of Thailand|Prime Minister]], who forms the [[Cabinet of Thailand]].
|-
| {{flagu|Vietnam}} || [[National Assembly (Vietnam)|National Assembly]] elects the [[President of Vietnam|President]] and [[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Prime Minister]] who forms the [[Government of Vietnam|Cabinet]].
|-
|}

=== Europe ===
[[File:Zyrat te parlamentit.jpg|thumb|right|The administrative building of the Albanian Parliament]]
[[File:Congreso de los Diputados (España) 14.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Congress of Deputies]], the lower chamber of Spanish Parliament]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Connection between the legislature and the executive
|-
| {{flagu|Albania}} || The [[President of Albania]] nominates the candidate chosen by the party or coalition which holds a majority in the [[Parliament of Albania]]. The Parliament then approves the [[Council of Ministers (Albania)|Cabinet]]. If the nomination is rejected by the Parliament, another candidate is chosen by the President within 10 days.
|-
| {{flagu|Andorra}} ||
|-
| {{flagu|Austria}} ||
|-
| {{flagu|Belgium}} || [[Belgian Federal Parliament|Federal Parliament]] approves the [[Cabinet of Belgium]]
|-
| {{flagu|Bulgaria}} || [[National Assembly of Bulgaria|National Assembly]] appoints the [[Council of Ministers of Bulgaria]]
|-
| {{flagu|Croatia}} || [[Croatian Parliament]] approves [[Prime Minister of Croatia|President of Government]] and the [[Croatian Government|Cabinet]] nominated by him/her.
|-
| {{flagu|Czech Republic}} || [[President of the Czech Republic]] appoints usually the leader of the largest party or coalition in the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament]] as Prime Minister, who forms the [[Cabinet of the Czech Republic|Cabinet]]. The Prime Minister must gain a [[vote of confidence]] by the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]].
|-
| {{flagu|Denmark}} || The [[Monarchy of Denmark|Monarch]] appoints, based on recommendations from the leaders of the parties in [[Folketinget]], the cabinet leader who is most likely to successfully assemble a [[Cabinet of Denmark|Cabinet]] which will not be disapproved by a majority in [[Folketinget]].
|-
| {{flagu|Estonia}} || [[Riigikogu]] elects the [[Prime Minister of Estonia|Prime Minister]] candidate nominated by the [[President of Estonia|President of the Republic]] (normally this candidate is the leader of the parliamentary coalition of parties). The [[Government of the Republic of Estonia]] is later appointed by the President of the Republic under proposal of the approved Prime Minister candidate. The Riigikogu may remove the Prime Minister and any other member of the government through a motion of no confidence.
|-
| {{flagu|Finland}} || [[Parliament of Finland]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Finland]]
|-
| {{flagu|Germany}} ||[[Bundestag]] elects the [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|Federal Chancellor]] (after nomination from the [[President of Germany]]), who forms the [[Cabinet of Germany|Cabinet]]
|-
| {{flagu|Greece}} || [[Hellenic Parliament]] approves the [[Cabinet of Greece]]
|-
| {{flagu|Hungary}} || [[National Assembly of Hungary|National Assembly]] approves the [[Cabinet of Hungary]]
|-
| {{flagu|Iceland}} || The [[President of Iceland]] appoints and discharges the [[Cabinet of Iceland]]. Ministers can not even resign without being discharged by [[Decree|presidential decree]].
|-
| {{flagu|Ireland}} || [[Dáil Éireann]] nominates the [[Taoiseach]], who is then appointed by the [[President of Ireland]]
|-
| {{flagu|Italy}} || [[Italian Parliament]] grants and revokes its confidence in the [[Cabinet of Italy]], appointed by the [[President of Italy]]
|-
| {{flagu|Kosovo}} || [[Assembly of Kosovo]] appoints the [[Government of Kosovo]]
|-
| {{flagu|Latvia}} || [[Saeima]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Luxembourg}} || [[Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg|Chamber of Deputies]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Luxembourg]]
|-
| {{flagu|Malta}} || [[House of Representatives of Malta|House of Representatives]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Malta]]
|-
| {{flagu|Moldova}} || [[Parliament of Moldova]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Moldova]]
|-
| {{flagu|Montenegro}} || [[Parliament of Montenegro]] appoints the [[Government of Montenegro]]
|-
| {{flagu|Netherlands}} || [[States General of the Netherlands|Second Chamber of the States-General]] can dismiss the [[Cabinet of the Netherlands]] through a [[motion of no confidence]]
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flagu|North Macedonia}}}} || [[Assembly of North Macedonia|Assembly]] approves the [[Politics of North Macedonia#Executive branch|Government of North Macedonia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Norway}} || The [[Monarchy of Norway|Monarch]] appoints the MP leading the largest party or coalition in [[Stortinget]] as [[Prime Minister of Norway|Prime Minister]], who forms the [[Cabinet of Norway|Cabinet]]
|-
| {{flagu|Poland}} || The [[President of Poland]] appoints the [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]] and the [[Cabinet of Poland|Government]], subject to a vote of confidence by the [[Sejm]] within two weeks. If this fails, the Sejm can approve its own candidate with an absolute majority of votes within two weeks.
|-
| {{flagu|Portugal}} ||After the [[Elections in Portugal|elections]] for the [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]] or the resignation of the previous government, the [[President of Portugal|president]] listens to the parties in the Assembly of the Republic and invites someone to form a government, usually the leader of the biggest party. Then the president swears in the [[Prime Minister of Portugal|prime minister]] and the Government.
|-
| {{flagu|San Marino}} ||
|-
| {{flagu|Serbia}} || [[Parliament of Serbia|National Assembly]] appoints the [[Government of Serbia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Slovakia}} || [[National Council of the Slovak Republic|National Council]] approves the [[Government of Slovakia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Slovenia}} || [[National Assembly (Slovenia)|National Assembly]] appoints the [[Government of Slovenia]]
|-
| {{flagu|Spain}} || [[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|The Congress of Deputies]] elects the [[President of the Government of Spain|President of the Government]], who forms the [[Cabinet of Spain|Cabinet]]
|-
| {{flagu|Sweden}} || The [[Riksdag]] elects the [[Prime Minister of Sweden|Prime Minister]], who in turn appoints the other members of the [[Government of Sweden|Government]]
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flagu|United Kingdom}}}} || The Leader, almost invariably a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) and of the political party which commands or is likely to command the confidence of a majority of the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], is appointed [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] by the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British sovereign]], who then appoints members of the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom|Cabinet]] on the nomination and advice of the Prime Minister.
|}[[File:Parliament House Canberra Dusk Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Parliament of Australia]]]]
[[File:Vanuatu Parliament, Port Vila - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg|thumb|[[Parliament of Vanuatu]]]]
=== Oceania ===
[[File:Parlamento da Nova Zelândia.jpg|thumb|[[Parliament of New Zealand]]]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! Connection between the legislature and the executive
|-
| {{flagu|Australia}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[Australian House of Representatives]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Australia]] by the [[Governor-General of Australia]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Australia]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|New Zealand}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] by the [[Governor-General of New Zealand]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of New Zealand]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Papua New Guinea}} || Leader of the political party that has the support of a majority in the [[National Parliament of Papua New Guinea|National Parliament]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea]] by the [[Governor-General of Papua New Guinea]], who then appoints the [[Cabinet of Papua New Guinea]] on the advice of the Prime Minister
|-
| {{flagu|Samoa}} || [[Legislative Assembly of Samoa|Legislative Assembly]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Samoa]]
|-
| {{flagu|Vanuatu}} || [[Parliament of Vanuatu]] appoints the [[Cabinet of Vanuatu]]
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|}
== See also ==
* [[Law reform]]
* [[List of legislatures by country]]
* [[List of political systems in France]]
* [[Parliamentary leader]]
* [[Parliamentary monarchy]]
* [[Parliamentary republic]]
* [[Parliament in the Making]]
* [[Rule according to higher law]]
* [[Rule of law]]
* [[Strengthened parliamentary system]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}

{{Government}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Parliamentary System}}
[[Category:Parliamentary procedure]]
[[Category:Liberalism]]
[[Category:Political terminology]]
[[Category:Types of democracy]]

Kaathala Kaathala

2026-05-02T09:47:59Z

CaseyBroderick: created basic pg nd citations

{{short description|1998 film by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Kaathala Kaathala poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
| screenplay = [[Kamal Haasan]]
| story = [[Crazy Mohan]]
| producer = [[P. L. Thenappan]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Kamal Haasan
* [[Prabhu Deva]]
* [[Soundarya]]
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Tirru]]
| editing = N. P. Satish
| music = [[Karthik Raja]]
| studio = Saraswathi Films
| distributor = [[Raaj Kamal Films International]]
| released = {{Film date|1998|04|10|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Kaathala Kaathala''''' ({{translation|Oh love! Oh love!}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] and produced by [[P. L. Thenappan]]. The film stars [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Prabhu Deva]], [[Soundarya]] and [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]]. It revolves around two men falling in love with two women, but end up creating a web of lies trying to impress their lovers' fathers.

''Kaathala Kaathala'' was initially expected to be directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]], but he was replaced by Rao after he refused to sign the film until the [[Film Employees Federation of South India#June 1997|Film Employees Federation of South India (FEFSI) strike of 1997]] had stopped. The film was released on 10 April 1998 and became a commercial success. It was later loosely remade in [[Hindi]] as ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' (2010).

== Plot ==
Ramalingam and Sundaralingam are orphans who care for orphaned children. While Sundaralingam paints shop banners and calendars, Ramalingam usually earns money by fraudulent means. Once, he even worked for a fake [[Godman (India)|godman]] Ananda Vikadanantha and regretted it. Sundari, an arts student, falls in love with Ramalingam. Her friend, Janaki, falls in love with Sundaralingam. Janaki's father, Paramasivam, objects to Janaki's wedding since Sundaralingam is poor, prompting Janaki and Sundaralingam to marry with the help of their friends.

Days go by, but Paramasivam still does not agree. This causes Sundari to ask Janaki to lie to Paramasivam and say that she has given birth to a son. Paramasivam, upon receiving the letter, changes his mind and gets ready to set off to Chennai. Sundari lies to her Chicago-based father, Balamurugan, that Ramalingam is a rich man. Janaki, to easily convince her parents, also fabricates a story that Sundaralingam has become rich. The girls rent a bungalow for three days; the owner, Noorjahan, mistakes Janaki and Ramalingam as a couple.

Balamurugan, who is supposed to come on that day, misses his flight. Janaki's parents wish to surprise her, and they end up coming on that day. Ramalingam mistakes Janaki's father for Sundari's father, and a comedy of errors ensues. Unable to tell the truth due to Noorjahan's presence, Janaki and Ramalingam let the mistaken identity stay as such. To keep the tale running, Janaki and Ramalingam introduce Sundari as the maidservant and Sundaralingam as the cook. Sundari borrows a child from a beggar woman, who stays in the house as the woman who supplies milk.

The four of them strive hard to hide the truth from Janaki's parents. While these happenings unfold, Varadhachaari, Paramasivam's friend, who knows the truth, comes over. The couples try to salvage the web of lies they have built by getting Varadhachaari and Paramasivam to agree. Unfortunately, they then meet with Janaki's maternal uncle, Singaram, a [[doubting Thomas]] who begins to suspect the veracity of the stories. All the same, he fails to convince his sister and brother-in-law of the possible untruths they have been led to believe.

Now that Balamurugan is also about to meet them, Paramasivam himself steps in to help them build a story involving Balamurugan's daughter, whom he views as a maidservant in the house. He concocts a complicated tale where Ramalingam is his son, Janaki and Sundaralingam reprise their real relationship, and worse, V. Anand (formerly Ananda Vikadanantha) is his cousin. The real reason Anand is at their place is to hide from the police, as he is wanted for his fraudulent ways. Soon enough, the elders begin to smell something fishy. To end the mess, Sundari reveals the complete truth to everyone. Singaram reveals to all that Anand is a crook and Ramalingam is now forced to prove his innocence.

A chase ensues when Anand is held hostage by his ex-partner, Junior Vikadanantha, for money that he looted. Inspector Chokkalingam arrives in time to find Ananda Vikadanantha and Junior, and Ramalingam is proven innocent. Paramasivam accepts Janaki and Sundaralingam, and Balamurugan is happy about Ramalingam and Sundari.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Kamal Haasan]] as Ramalingam<ref name="thefederal" />
* [[Prabhu Deva]] as Sundaralingam<ref name="thefederal" />
* [[Soundarya]] as Stella Sundari<ref name="thefederal" />
* [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] as Janaki<ref name="thefederal" />
* [[Vadivelu]] as Singaaram<ref>{{Cite news |last=Krishnakumar |first=Ranjani |date=11 June 2019 |title=Remembering Mohan, a man to whom being crazy came easy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thread/arts-culture-society/remembering-mohan-a-man-to-whom-being-crazy-came-easy/article27801765.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611155003/https://www.thehindu.com/thread/arts-culture-society/remembering-mohan-a-man-to-whom-being-crazy-came-easy/article27801765.ece |archive-date=11 June 2019 |access-date=16 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Delhi Ganesh]] as the landlord<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=மக்கள் மனங்களை வென்ற குணச்சித்திரங்கள் : டெல்லி கணேஷ் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/CinemaNews/2020/03/05163344/Characteristics-that-win-peoples-mindsDelhi-Ganesh.vpf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001217234800/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Kaathala_Kaathala_211544.html |archive-date=17 December 2000 |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[T. S. B. K. Moulee|Moulee]] as Balamurugan<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[Cho Ramaswamy|Cho]] as Varadhachaari
* [[Nagesh]] as Chokkalingam<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ramanujam |first1=Srinivasa |last2=S |first2=Srivatsan |last3=Kumar |first3=Pradeep |last4=Sunder |first4=Gautam |date=21 March 2020 |title=The best Tamil 'comfort films' to watch, while self-isolating |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-best-tamil-comfort-films-to-watch-while-self-isolating/article31129307.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404015350/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/the-best-tamil-comfort-films-to-watch-while-self-isolating/article31129307.ece |archive-date=4 April 2020 |access-date=20 April 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
* [[Srividya]] as Parvathy<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Noorjahan<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[Kovai Sarala]] as Junior Vikadanantha's wife<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[Cochin Haneefa|V. M. C. Haneefa]] as Ananda Vikadanantha (V. Anand)<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=Cochin Haneefa's 70th birth anniversary: Five memorable roles of the famous South Indian actor |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cochin-haneefas-70th-birth-anniversary-five-memorable-roles-of-the-famous-south-indian-actor/photostory/82162657.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422082055/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/cochin-haneefas-70th-birth-anniversary-five-memorable-roles-of-the-famous-south-indian-actor/photostory/82162657.cms |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[M. S. Viswanathan]] as Paramasivam<ref name="dinamalarnellai" />
* [[Crazy Mohan]] as Junior Vikadanantha<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=கமல் - கலையும் கலைசார்ந்த இடமும்! - 05 - காதலா காதலா ஒரு பார்வை! |url=https://tamil.trendingonlinenow.in/a-view-on-kaathala-kaathala-movie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821043551/https://tamil.trendingonlinenow.in/a-view-on-kaathala-kaathala-movie/ |archive-date=21 August 2025 |access-date=20 February 2021 |website=Trending Online Now |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Neelu]]
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Williamson<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2018 |title=''வாழ்த்துகள் கிரேஸி, கமல். யூ போத் ஆர் வெரி கிரேஸி!'' - #20YearsOfKaathalaKaathala |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/122318-special-story-for-20-years-of-kaathala-kaathala |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216101053/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/122318-special-story-for-20-years-of-kaathala-kaathala |archive-date=16 February 2020 |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref>
* [[Omakuchi Narasimhan]] as the astrologer
* [[Madhan Bob]] as the registrar
* [[Mahendran (actor)|Master Mahendran]] as an orphan child
* [[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Bhangaru Dhamodhar Naidu
}}

== Production ==
''Kaathala Kaathala'' was initially expected to be directed by [[K. S. Ravikumar]] who directed the successful ''[[Avvai Shanmugi]]'' with Kamal Haasan in the lead earlier, but he was later replaced by [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]] after he refused to sign the film until the [[Film Employees Federation of South India#June 1997|Film Employees Federation of South India (FEFSI) strike of 1997]] had stopped.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishna |first=Sandya |title=The Strike of 1997 |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/97/Oct/strike.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034545/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/97/Oct/strike.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=17 July 2016 |website=Indolink}}</ref> Actresses [[Meena (actress)|Meena]] and [[Simran (actress)|Simran]]'s unavailability led to [[Rambha (actress)|Rambha]] being cast in a lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandya |date=18 October 1997 |title=December Vambugall |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/97/Dec/vambhu.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234146/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/97/Dec/vambhu.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |website=Indolink}}</ref> [[Nagma]] also opted against signing the film fearing that a potential clash may arise with actress Rambha, after the pair's alleged fall out on the sets of ''[[Janakiraman]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandya |title=Tamil Movie News |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430054302/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |website=Indolink}}</ref> After [[Soundarya]]'s death in 2004, Haasan paid tribute to her when he said, "she came forward to do the movie, when the rest of the industry was unwilling to work with me."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kannan |first=Ramya |date=18 April 2004 |title=An intelligent top star |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/18/stories/2004041803331000.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110112918/http://www.hindu.com/2004/04/18/stories/2004041803331000.htm |archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> [[Cho Ramaswamy]], wanting to express solidarity with Haasan's stand during the strike, asked him for a role in the film and got it. It eventually became his final film as actor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 May 2014 |title=Cho Ramaswamy requested Kamal Haasan |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/cho-ramaswamy-requested-kamal-haasan/articleshow/35558500.cms |url-status=live |access-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903202538/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/cho-ramaswamy-requested-kamal-haasan/articleshow/35558500.cms |archive-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==

The soundtrack was composed by [[Karthik Raja]] and lyrics were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Kaathala Kaathala |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kaathala-kaathala/cxX9hA76dMw_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417105612/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/kaathala-kaathala/cxX9hA76dMw_ |archive-date=17 April 2019 |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadhala Kadhala |url=https://avdigital.in/products/kadhala-kadhala |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528124018/https://avdigital.in/products/kadhala-kadhala |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Saravana Bhava
| extra1 = [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Karthik Raja]], Sripriya, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Madonna Paadala
| extra2 = Kamal Haasan, [[Kavita Paudwal]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Thakida Thathom Annachi
| extra3 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]], Jack
| length3 =
| title4 = Kaasumela
| extra4 = Kamal Haasan, [[Udit Narayan]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Madonna Paadala
| extra5 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Bhavatharini]]
| note5 = II
| length5 =
| title6 = Laila Laila
| extra6 = Hariharan, Bhavatharini, Sripriya, Prasanna
| length6 =
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Kaathala Kaathala'' was released on 10 April 1998.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=K. M. |date=27 July 1998 |title=Bollywood battles cable piracy as menace causes huge losses, producers fight back |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19980727-bollywood-battles-cable-piracy-as-menace-causes-huge-losses-producers-fight-back-826783-1998-07-26 |url-status=live |access-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903202538/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19980727-bollywood-battles-cable-piracy-as-menace-causes-huge-losses-producers-fight-back-826783-1998-07-26 |archive-date=3 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=கமல்ஹாசன் படங்களின் பட்டியல் |trans-title=List of Kamal Haasan films |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/kamal-films.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623061057/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/kamal-films.asp |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> D. S. Ramanujam for ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "Veteran director Singeetham Srinivasarao (his penchant for comedy is well-known), actor and screenplay writer Kamal Hassan and story and dialogue writer ``Crazy{{''}} Mohan have a large say in sparking fun, Mohan being at his `craziest' best. The pun-laden lines come in such a wave that before one can enjoy one {{as written|humo|urous [sic]}} line, the other just smashes in".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=17 April 1998 |title=Film Reviews: Kaathala Kaathala / Ninaithaen Vanthaai |pages=26 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980417/09/09170223.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000311163419/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980417/09/09170223.htm |archive-date=11 March 2000}}</ref> R. Mahadevan of ''[[Dinakaran]]'' noted "writers like [Crazy] Mohan make this celluloid affair of filmy entertainment stand on a more fanciful ground of pure comedy --- with ease and veritable success".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=R. |title="Kaathalaa Kaathalaa" |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/kadala.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040518134129/http://www.dinakaran.com/cinema/english/reviews/kadala.htm |archive-date=18 May 2004 |access-date=17 September 2022 |website=[[Dinakaran]]}}</ref> Ji of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'', however, reviewed the film more negatively, criticising it for lacking the humour of Haasan and Mohan's previous ventures.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜி |date=26 April 1998 |title=காதலா காதலா |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1998-04-26/page/n82/mode/2up |access-date=8 February 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=81 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The film was dubbed in Telugu as ''Navvandi Lavvandi'' in late 1998.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gopalrao |first=Siddalur |date=1 January 1999 |title=నవ్వండి! లవ్వండి! చూసి బాగా నవ్వండి |url=http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Jan/1-jan-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913112242/http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1999/Jan/1-jan-1999.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=20 August 2022 |work=[[Zamin Ryot]] |pages=9–11 |language=te}}</ref>

In 2010, the producer of the film [[P. L. Thenappan]] threatened legal action against the makers of the Hindi film ''[[Housefull (2010 film)|Housefull]]'' for remaking scenes from the film without permission. Thenappan revealed he had dubbed the film into Hindi in the late 1990s as ''Mirchi Masala'', but the version did not release.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pillai |first=Sreedhar |date=11 May 2010 |title=Housefull, a remake of Kaathala Kaathala? |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Housefull-a-remake-of-Kaathala-Kaathala/articleshow/5913183.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519033747/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Housefull-a-remake-of-Kaathala-Kaathala/articleshow/5913183.cms |archive-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2010 |title=Madras High Court stays Housefull |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/madras-high-court-stays-housefull-news-tamil-kkfqe4jbgec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818115456/http://www.sify.com/movies/madras-high-court-stays-housefull-news-tamil-kkfqe4jbgec.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
The line "Jaanaki enakku wife aagittathaala, Sundari velakkaari aayittaappaa" (Ever since Janaki became my wife, Sundari became a housemaid) became popular, and has since entered Tamil vernacular as a term used by people to "tease friends caught impersonating".<ref name="thefederal" /> The song "Kaasumela" became popular for Prabhu Deva's dance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=3 April 2020 |title=Prabhudheva's best dance sequences: From 'Chikku Bukku' to 'Guleba' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prabhudhevas-best-dance-sequences-from-chikku-bukku-to-guleba/article31246248.ece |url-status=live |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409191759/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/prabhudhevas-best-dance-sequences-from-chikku-bukku-to-guleba/article31246248.ece |archive-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> The title of the song inspired a 2018 film ''[[Kasu Mela Kasu]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Darshan |first=Navein |date=7 July 2018 |title='Kasu Mela Kasu' movie review: A wannabe comedy filled with objectionable ideas |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/jul/07/kasu-mela-kasu-movie-review-a-wannabe-comedy-filled-with-objectionable-ideas-1839358.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029201316/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2018/jul/07/kasu-mela-kasu-movie-review-a-wannabe-comedy-filled-with-objectionable-ideas-1839358.html |archive-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="thefederal">{{Cite web |last=Vinoth Kumar |first=N |date=7 November 2019 |title=Celebrating 60 years of movie magic that's Kamal Haasan |url=https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/celebrating-60-years-of-movie-magic-thats-kamal-haasan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216101515/https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/celebrating-60-years-of-movie-magic-thats-kamal-haasan/ |archive-date=16 February 2020 |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=[[The Federal]] |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="dinamalarnellai">{{Cite web |last=கணேஷ் |first=எஸ். |date=28 June 2017 |title=சாதனை புரிந்த தமிழ் படங்கள் – 301 |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/30182 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216101518/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/30182 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |place=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{Singeetam Srinivasa Rao}}
{{Kamal Haasan}}
{{RaajKamalFilmsInternational}}

[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]
[[Category:Films produced by P. L. Thenappan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Karthik Raja]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Crazy Mohan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Kamal Haasan]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic comedy films]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Sadhana Naithani

2026-05-02T07:23:34Z

CaseyBroderick: done...

{{Short description|Indian folklorist and post-colonial theorist (born 1964)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox academic
| native_name = साधना नैथानी
| birth_place = [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], Northern India
| thesis_year = 1994
| discipline = [[Folklore]], [[German studies]], [[Postcolonialism]]
| workplaces = [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) [[Doon University]]
| notable_works = ''In Quest of Indian Folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke'' (2006) ''Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence'' (2019) ''The Inhuman Empire: Wildlife, Colonialism, Culture'' (2024)
}}

'''Sadhana Naithani''' (born 1964) is an Indian [[Ethnography|ethnographer]], [[Folklore studies|folklorist]], Indo-European [[post-colonial theorist]] and educator. She was president of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research (ISFNR) until 2024, coordinates the Folklore Unit at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] and established the School of Languages at [[Doon University]]. She originated the term "[[colonizer]]-folklorist."

== Biography ==
Naithani was born in 1964 in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], Northern India, and was raised speaking [[Hindi]] and [[English language|English]].<ref name=":4">[https://www.academia.edu/19548102/ELEPHANTINE_A_novella_by_Sadhana_Naithani Book cover of ELEPHANTINE A Novella by Sadhana Naithani]. Retrieved 15 February 2026.</ref> She achieved her PhD in 1994 in German Folkloristics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sadhana Naithani |url=https://www.usief.org.in/meet-our-india-fulbr/sadhana-naithani/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=The United States – India Educational Foundation (USIEF) |language=en-US}}</ref>

Naithani works as an associate professor at the Centre of German Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (JNU) in [[New Delhi]], India, where she additionally coordinates the Folklore Unit.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sadhana Naithani |url=https://www.jnu.ac.in/content/sadhanan |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]}}</ref>

In 2010, Naithani was nominated as a member of the Folklore Advisory Committee of the [[Finnish Academy of Science and Letters]], based in [[Helsinki]], Finland. She was president of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research (ISFNR) until 2024<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mrvič |first1=Rok |last2=Fiadotava |first2=Anastasiya |last3=Babič |first3=Saša |last4=Džekčioriūtė |first4=Vita |date=2024-11-01 |title=ISFNR's 19 Congress "Folk Narratives in the Changing World": Riga, Latvia, 17.–19. June 2024 |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/fabula-2024-0023/html |journal=Fabula |language=en |volume=65 |issue=3–4 |pages=424–437 |doi=10.1515/fabula-2024-0023 |issn=1613-0464 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref> and is an honorary fellow of the [[American Folklore Society]] (AFS).<ref name=":0" /> Naithani was invited to establish the School of Languages at [[Doon University]] in [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]], India in 2010.<ref name=":1" />

In 1997, Naithani originated the term "[[colonizer]]-folklorist" to describe [[Richard Carnac Temple]] in an article.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Naithani |first=Sadhana |date=1997 |title=The Colonizer-Folklorist |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3814697 |journal=[[Journal of Folklore Research]] |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |jstor=3814697 |access-date=2026-02-15 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>

In her book ''In Quest of Indian Folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke'' (2006)'','' Naithani presented previously unknown and unpublished scholarship from colonial-era India, which she found during research in the archives of London's Folklore Society.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Norford |first=Beth |date=2008-05-01 |title=In Quest of Indian Folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke. By Sadhana Naithani. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. xi, 328 pp. $65.00 (cloth). |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/67/2/738/341810/In-Quest-of-Indian-Folktales-Pandit-Ram-Gharib |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |language=en |volume=67 |issue=2 |doi=10.1017/S002191180800106X |issn=0021-9118 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240713024659/https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-asian-studies/article-abstract/67/2/738/341810/In-Quest-of-Indian-Folktales-Pandit-Ram-Gharib |archive-date=2024-07-13 |access-date=2026-02-15|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Naithani |first=Sadhana |date=2002 |title=To Tell a Tale Untold: Two Folklorists in Colonial India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3814691 |journal=Journal of Folklore Research |volume=39 |issue=2/3 |pages=201–216 |doi=10.2979/JFR.2002.39.2-3.201 |jstor=3814691 |issn=0737-7037}}</ref> She explored the long-term professional relationship between the British orientalist [[William Crooke]] and his "native" assistant [[Ram Gharib Chaube]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ii5JAQAAMAAJ&q=Sadhana+Naithani |title=The Middle East & South Asia Folklore Bulletin |date=2005 |publisher=Division of Comparative Studies in the Humanities, Ohio State University |volume=21 |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=McBratney |first=Michael Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kq5PAQAAMAAJ&q=Sadhana+Naithani |title=Tales of Colonel Temple: Critical Folkloristics and Colonial Modernity |date=2006 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |pages=44 |language=en}}</ref> Her work also included an [[anthology]] of North Indian folktales that had been collected by Crooke and Chaube.<ref name=":2" />

In her book ''The Inhuman Empire: Wildlife, Colonialism, Culture'' (2024)'','' Naithani theorised that the [[British Empire]] was built upon the destruction of [[Wildlife of India|Indian wildlife]], for example with the body parts and skins of hunted tigers made into exotic [[commodities]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Murfin |first1=Audrey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DKyEQAAQBAJ&dq=Sadhana+Naithani&pg=PA153 |title=Animal Fashions: Colonialism, Collecting, and Gender |last2=Lantz |first2=Victoria Pettersen |last3=Bucheli |first3=Sibyl |date=2026-01-17 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-032-06191-1 |pages=153–154 |language=en}}</ref> expanding backwards on the potential time of the [[anthropocene]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Yunker |first=John |date=2024-11-25 |title=Book Review: The Inhuman Empire: Wildlife, Colonialism, Culture |url=https://ecolitbooks.com/2024/11/25/book-review-the-inhuman-empire-wildlife-colonialism-culture/ |access-date=2026-02-15 |website=EcoLit Books |language=en-US}}</ref> The book also compared ancient [[fable]]s, such as ''[[Panchatantra|Pañcatantra]],'' with accounts from British hunters written between 1860 and 1960.<ref name=":5" />

Naithani has written a novella, ''Elephantine'' (2016), which is based on her research into colonial forestry led by German scientists in the [[British Raj]].<ref name=":0" /> She has also explored the magic charms with which people solve "[[karma]] problems."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpFOAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80 |title=Folklore |date=2008 |publisher=[[The Folklore Society]] |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref>

Naithani has contributed articles to journals and news publications, such as ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWkWAQAAMAAJ&q=Sadhana+Naithani |title=Himal |date=1994 |publisher=Himal Associates |volume=7 |pages=33 |language=en}}</ref> She has also made two [[Ethnography|ethnographic]] films on contemporary German village life.<ref name=":4" />

== Select publications ==

* ''Folktales of Northern India'' (2002)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bacchilega |first=Cristina |date=2004 |title=Review of Folktales of Northern India; Indian Ocean Folktales: Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474698 |journal=Western Folklore |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=334–337 |jstor=25474698 |issn=0043-373X |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref>
* ''In Quest of Indian Folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke'' (2006)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaliambou |first=Maria |date=2010 |title=A Review of In Quest of Indian Folktales: Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke by Sadhana Naithani, Hydrabad: Orient Black Swan Pvt. Ltd., 2006. 330p |url=https://ia802906.us.archive.org/35/items/MOSHIEMOMMYAFRAFRAMIXPDF/964-3998-1-PB%20%281%29.pdf |journal=Indian Folklore Research Journal |volume=10 |pages=119–123 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pauwels |first=Heidi |date=2009 |title=In Quest of Indian Folktales. Pandit Ram Gharib Chaube and William Crooke. By Sadhana Naithani. pp. 328. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2006. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/in-quest-of-indian-folktales-pandit-ram-gharib-chaube-and-william-crooke-by-naithanisadhana-pp-328-bloomington-indiana-university-press-2006/9CA620E005AD27A1CF467420F02314C5 |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]] |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=256–258 |doi=10.1017/S1356186308009486 |issn=1356-1863 |access-date=2026-02-15|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* ''The Story-Time of the British Empire: Colonial and Post-Colonial Folkloristics'' (2010)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korom |first=Frank J. |date=2011 |title=Sadhana Naithani, The story-time of the British Empire: colonial and postcolonial folkloristics |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA268650579&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=18826865&p=AONE&sw=w |journal=[[Asian Ethnology]] |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=131–134 |access-date=2026-02-15 |via=GALE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lange |first=Michael A. |date=2011-12-07 |title=Michael A. Lange - Review of Sadhana Naithani, The Story-Time of the British Empire: Colonial and Post-Colonial Folkloristics |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/jfrr/article/view/39286 |journal=Journal of Folklore Research Reviews |language=en |issn=2832-8132 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref>
* ''Folklore Theory in Postwar Germany'' (2014)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Repciuc |first=Ioana |date=2016 |title=Sadhana Naithani, Folklore Theory in Postwar Germany, University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 2014, 142 p. |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=540846 |journal=Diacronia |language=English |issue=4 |pages=1–4 |issn=2393-1140 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref>
* ''Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=James I. |first=Deutsch |date=2021 |title=Reviews: Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence. By Sadhana Naithani. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. Pp. xi + 115, preface, acknowledgments, references and conversations, index. $30 paper.) |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/c8300be4d3953e448c55b4e307473c41/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40891 |journal=Western Folklore |volume=80 |issue=2 |access-date=2026-02-15 |via=ProQuest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Šmidchens |first=Guntis |date=2019-11-14 |title=Guntis Šmidchens - Review of Sadhana Naithani, Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/jfrr/article/view/38658 |journal=Journal of Folklore Research Reviews |language=en |issn=2832-8132 |access-date=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nyce |first=James M |date=2021-04-03 |title=Folklore in Baltic history: resistance and resurgence: by Sadhana Naithani, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 2019, 128 pp., $90.00/$30.00 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-4968-2356-4; ISBN 978-1-4968-2357-1 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01629778.2021.1913330 |journal=[[Journal of Baltic Studies]] |language=en |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=284–285 |doi=10.1080/01629778.2021.1913330 |issn=0162-9778 |access-date=2026-02-15|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seljamaa |first=Elo-Hanna |date=2022 |title=Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence by Sadhana Naithani (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/27/article/883955 |journal=Marvels & Tales: Journal of Fairy-Tale Studies |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=139–141 |doi=10.1353/mat.2022.0051 |issn=1521-4281 |url-access=limited |access-date=2026-02-15 |via=Project MUSE}}</ref>
* ''The Inhuman Empire: Wildlife, Colonialism, Culture'' (2024)<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{ResearchGate|id=Sadhana-Naithani}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naithani, Sadhana}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Scholars from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Writers from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian ethnographers]]
[[Category:Indian folklorists]]
[[Category:Germanists]]
[[Category:Postcolonial theorists]]

Idinjamala

2026-05-01T14:11:09Z

CaseyBroderick: created new stub nd citations

{{Short description|Hamlet in Kerala, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Idinjamala
| settlement_type = Hamlet
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of subdistricts in India|Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Udumbanchola]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj|Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Erattayar Grama Panchayat
| coordinates = {{Coord|9|49|17|N|77|4|31|E}}
| mapframe = yes
| area_code = 04868
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 685514
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| registration_plate = KL-06, KL-69,
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
}}
'''Idinjamala''' or '''Edinjamala''' is a village situated in [[Udumbanchola]] taluk of [[Idukki district|Idukki]] district in [[Kerala]] state, India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pin Code of Idinjamala - Map, Idukki, Kerala |url=http://www.pincodeindia.net/state/kerala/district/idukki/postoffice/idinjamala.html |website=Pin Code India |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> It is an electoral ward of [[Erattayar]] panchayat in [[Kattappana]] block. Idinjamala is home to the International Sustainable Academy (ISA), a sustainability initiative run by the MASS Fairtrade farmer's co-operative.<ref>{{cite AV media |date=14 May 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jkv-HwXcEnQ |title=International Sustainable Academy for Fairtrade & Organic farming and Cafe De Monde by MASS |publisher=Plantrich Agritech Private Limited |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>
==Landscape==

Idinjamala is situated {{cvt|1200|m|ft}} above sea level and rich with natural vegetation. Farming is the main occupation here. The soil is [[alluvial soil]], suitable for plantation crops like tea, coffee, cardamom, pepper and other spices which are cultivated in plenty.

==Educational institutions==

* Government lower primary school, Idinjamala

==Places of worship==

* Adayalakkallu Devi Temple
* St. Thomas Malankara Catholic Church

==Transportation==

The nearest railway station is at [[Kottayam]] which is {{cvt|121|km|mi}} away. Nearest airport is [[Cochin International Airport]] which is {{cvt|110|km|mi}} away.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Idukki district}}

[[Category:Villages in Idukki district]]

{{Idukki-geo-stub}}

Nikunj Malik

2026-04-29T12:38:06Z

CaseyBroderick: Made new bio w/ sources!

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nikunj Malik
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|10|30}}
| image = Nikunj_Malik_at_Shiana_N_C's_ramp_show_to_walk_for_the_cause_of_cancer_patients_on_9th_may_2014_2014-06-27_20-46.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Malik at Shiana N C's ramp show, 2014
| birth_place = [[Gurgaon, Haryana]], India
| yearsactive = 2011 – present
| occupation = Actor, footwear designer
}}

'''Nikunj Malik''' (born 30 October 1989) is an Indian actress and TV personality.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/i-don-t-want-to-marry-rahul-nikunj-malik/article1-514822.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031182428/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/i-don-t-want-to-marry-rahul-nikunj-malik/article1-514822.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 October 2013|title=I don't want to marry Rahul: Nikunj Malik|author=Chetna Dua|date=4 March 2010|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

==Career==
Malik debuted as a contestant on the Indian reality wedding show, ''Rahul Dulhaniya le Jayega.'' The show first aired on NDTV Imagine on 1 February 2011.<ref name="BharatiDubey" /> Although she was one of the most popular contestants, Malik opted out of marriage in the finale episode.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodbilli.com/2010/03/06/rahul-mahajan-swayamvar-contestants-three-finalists/ |title=Rahul Mahajan Swayamvar contestants, Three finalists|access-date=9 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326143851/http://www.bollywoodbilli.com/2010/03/06/rahul-mahajan-swayamvar-contestants-three-finalists/ |archive-date=26 March 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all|date=6 March 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-03-03|title=I don't want to marry Rahul: Nikunj Malik|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/i-don-t-want-to-marry-rahul-nikunj-malik/story-uYIzi5snhksw1C8bzKFO8H.html|access-date=2021-04-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Malik made her film debut with the Bollywood film ''[[Revolver Rani]]'' alongside [[Kangana Ranaut]]. She also made a guest appearance in ''[[The Shaukeens]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/delhi/41241395_1_musical-evening-mumbai-delhi |title=Nikunj Malik attends musical evening in Delhi|access-date=28 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212620/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/delhi/41241395_1_musical-evening-mumbai-delhi |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |df=dmy-all |author=Saloni Bhatia|date=10 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-16/news-interviews/42112886_1_kangna-ranaut-revolver-rani-toughest-role |title=I have to look unattractive for 'Revolver Rani': Kangna|access-date=28 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212142/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-16/news-interviews/42112886_1_kangna-ranaut-revolver-rani-toughest-role |archive-date=29 October 2013 |url-status=dead |work=[[The Times of India]] |df=dmy-all|date=16 September 2013}}</ref>

Nikunj Malik is a graduate and post graduate from the [[National Institute of Fashion Technology]]. She specialises in footwear designing. She also cleared IIM-A for doctorate but dropped out.

Malik has endorsed Indian spice brand, R-Pure, and thermal wear brand, Shera.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geet hui sabse parai: Nikunj Malik|url=http://www.realbollywood.com/news/2010/12/geet-hui-sabse-parai-nikunj-malik-rahul-dulhaniya-le-jaayega-enters-maans-sister.html|publisher=www.realbollywood.com|access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref>

==Filmography==

===Television===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Channel
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Swayamvar (TV series)|Rahul Dulhaniya Le Jayega]]''
| Contestant
| NDTV Imagine
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Emotional Atyachar|Emotional Atyaachar]]''
| Self
| UTV
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi]]''
| Anwesha "Annie" Singh Khurana
| Star One
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai]]''
| Maya
| Star Plus
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2013
| ''[[Adaalat (TV series)|Adaalat]] ''
| Chanchal
| Sony
|-
| ''[[24 (Indian TV series)|24]]''
| Simran
| Sony
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014
| ''[[Singhasan Battisi (TV series)|Singhasan Battisi]]''
| Chitrangada
| Star Bharat
|-
| ''[[SuperCops vs Supervillains]]''
| Life OK
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015
| ''[[Nadaniyaan]]''
| Meghna
| Reliance
|-
| ''Sitaron Ki Baat With Nikunj Malik''
| Presenter
| India News
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Brahmarakshas]]''
| Kiara
| Zee TV
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Star Sports Pro Kabaddi]]''
| Presenter
| Star Sports
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Prem Ya Paheli – Chandrakanta]]''
| Soundarya
| Life OK
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Kaleerein]]''
| Paromita
| Zee TV
|-
| 2019
| ''[[Sufiyana Pyaar Mera]]''
| Sabina Ashraf
| Star One
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Beyhadh 2]]''
| Dr. Diya
| Sony
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Spy Bahu]]''
| Shalini Nanda
| Colors
|-
|}

===Film===
* ''[[Revolver Rani]]'' (Debut in 2014)
* ''[[The Shaukeens]]'' (Guest appearance)
* ''[[Meri Pyaari Bindu]]'' (Yashraj films)
* ''[[Gulmohar (unreleased film)|Gulmohar]]'' (un-released)

==Controversy==
She stirred controversy when her paternal relatives were arrested for allegedly harassing her mother and threatening to kill her family if she did not quit the entertainment industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=24 actor Nikunj Malik files case against relatives|date=30 October 2013|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news/24-actor-nikunj-malik-files-case-against-relatives/|publisher=Bollywood Life|access-date=2 July 2016}}</ref> Malik claimed that her mother faced physical assault and death threats from her distant paternal relatives, who were already battling assault, rape, and murder charges in a domestic help case.<ref name="BharatiDubey">{{cite news|title=Actress' uncle, cousin arrested for years of abuse, death threats|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rahul-Dulhaniya-Le-Jayenge-Revolver-Rani-Anil-Kapoor-Nikunj-Malik-24/articleshow/24799555.cms|access-date=2 July 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=I won't let them dabao this case: Nikunj Malik|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rahul-Dulhaniya-Le-Jayenge-Nikunj-Malik-actress/articleshow/24876276.cms|access-date=2 July 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Nikunj's mother, Shubhalata Malik, is the Ex BJP Chief for the state of Delhi- Slum Cell BJP National executive member.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-JAI-HMU-nikunj-malik-actress-and-anchor-of-pro-kabbadi-5258093-PHO.html|title=BJP नेता की बेटी है ये एक्ट्रेस, राहुल के स्वयंवर में आई थीं नजर|date=24 February 2016|website=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/rahul-dulhaniya-the-bride-who-wasnt-69307-2010-03-13|title=Rahul Dulhaniya: The bride who wasn't|author=Priyanka Srivastava|website=India Today |date=13 March 2010 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Nikunj}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian soap opera actresses]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Participants in Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:People from Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Actresses from Haryana]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Vasant Purke

2026-04-29T10:11:36Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vasantrao Purke
|office = Chairman of Adivasi Congress [[Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee]]
|term_start = 6 July 2025
|term_end =
| office1 = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Ralegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ralegaon]]
| term_start1 = (1995-1999), (1999-2004), (2004-2009), (2009
| term_end1 = 2014)
| predecessor1 = Netaji Tanbaji Rajgadkar
| successor1 = [[Ashok Uike]]
| office2 = [[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 4 December 2010
| term_end2 = 8 November 2014
| 2blankname2 = Speaker
| 2namedata2 = [[Dilip Walse-Patil]]
| predecessor2 = [[Madhukarrao Chavan]]
| successor2 = [[Vijayrao Bhaskarrao Auti]]
| office3 = [[Ministry of School Education (Maharashtra)|Minister of School Education, Maharashtra]]
| term_start3 = 9 November 2004
| term_end3 = 1 December 2008
| predecessor3 = [[Suresh Jain]]
| successor3 = [[Balasaheb Thorat]]
| office4 = [[Ministry of Sports and Youth Welfare (Maharashtra)|Minister of Sports and Youth Welfare, Maharashtra]]
| term_start4 = 1 November 2004
| term_end4 = 4 December 2008
| predecessor4 = [[Ramkrishna More]]
| successor4 = [[Ravisheth Patil]]
| office5 = Guardian Minister of [[Hingoli District]]
| term_start5 = 1 Nov 2004
| term_end5 = 4 Dec 2008
| birth_name = Vasant Chindhuji Purke
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|05|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = At.Atmurdi, Tq.[[Ralegaon]], [[Yavatmal District]], [[Maharashtra]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party =[[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]]
| parents = Chindhuji Laxmanrao Purke (Father)
| spouse = Smt.Premlata Vasantrao Purke
| children = Pradhnya Bhupesh Uike (Purke) Unmesh Vasantrao Purke
| alma_mater = [[Amravati University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
}}

'''Prof. Vasantrao Chindhuji Purke (Sir)''', (born 3 May 1956) is an Indian politician, elected to the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Ralegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ralegaon constituency]] in 1995 and serving until 2014 as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-02 |title=Maharashtra Assembly Deputy Speaker Post Vacant For 28 Months, Reveals RTI |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/maharashtra-assembly-deputy-speaker-post-vacant-for-28-months-reveals-rti-1665483 |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Press Trust Of India]]}}</ref> He is currently Vice President of Maharashtra Adivasi Development Corporation (Nashik) - [[Ministry of Tribal Development (Maharashtra)|Minister of State]] आदिवासी विकास विभाग (महाराष्ट्र शासन).<ref name="Nagpur Winter Sessions witnessed elections of four Deputy Speakers">{{cite news |title=Nagpur Winter Sessions witnessed elections of four Deputy Speakers |url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/12/12/Nagpur-Winter-Sessions-witnessed-elections-of-four-Deputy-Speakers.amp.html |access-date=13 December 2024 |work= |date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213060905/https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2019/12/12/Nagpur-Winter-Sessions-witnessed-elections-of-four-Deputy-Speakers.amp.html |archive-date=13 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Purke, Vasant}}
[[Category:Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Yavatmal district]]
[[Category:1956 births]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

Kalhattigiri Falls

2026-04-28T01:20:34Z

CaseyBroderick: created the data from scratch

{{Short description|Waterfall in Karnataka, India}}
{{Distinguish|Kalhatti Falls, Ooty}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
[[File:Kallatagiri 1.jpg|thumb|Kalhattagiri
Falls / ಕಲ್ಹತ್ತಿ ಜಲಪಾತ|250px|right]]
{{Location map
| India Karnataka
| lat = 13.55
| long = 75.75
| label = Kalhatti Falls
| label_size =
| position = right
| background =
| mark =
| marksize =
| width =
| float =
| border =
| caption = Location of Kalhatti Falls in Karnataka
| alt =
| AlternativeMap =
}}

'''Kalhatti Falls''' or '''Kalhattigiri Falls''' is a waterfall on the headwaters of the river, located at Kallathigiri, Tarikere Taluk in [[Chikmagalur]] district of [[Karnataka]]. The waterfall is {{convert|10|km|sp=us}} away from [[Kemmangundi]] hill station.

==Location==
Kalhatti Falls is located 45 metres from Tarikere (Tarikere Taluk in Chikmagalur District). It belongs Tarikere taluk of chikkamagalur district.

==See also==
*[[List of waterfalls]]
*[[List of waterfalls in India]]

==External links==
*[http://www.karnataka.com/tourism/water-falls/kalhatti-falls.html Kalhatti Falls on Karnataka.com]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=380 World Waterfall Database Entry]
{{Clear}}

{{Hydrology of Karnataka|state=expanded}}
{{Western Ghats}}

{{Geography of India}}

{{Coord|13|33|N|75|45|E|type:waterbody_region:IN-KA|display=title}}

[[Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Geography of Chikmagalur district]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Chikmagalur district]]

Noyontara

2026-04-27T11:19:42Z

CaseyBroderick: Made a post needs work!

{{Short description|Indian supernatural television series}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Noyontara Serial Poster.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama (film and television)|Drama]] [[Supernatural]]
| creator = {{Plainlist |
* Nissar Parvez
* Alind Srivastava}}
| writer =
| director =
| creative_director =
| starring = {{Plainlist |
* [[Shruti Bhist]]
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]]
* [[Heena Parmar]]
* Shubham Dipta
* Sakshi Sharma}}
| composer = Raja Narayan Deb
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 2
| num_episodes = 312
| executive_producer =
| producer = Sahana Rohit Samanta Alind Srivastava Nissar Parvez
| editor =
| cinematography =
| camera = Multi-camera
| runtime = 21 minutes
| company = [[Peninsula Pictures]] Missing Screw
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2025|06|09}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2026|04|16}}
| related = ''[[Trinayani (Bengali TV series)|Trinayani]]''
}}

'''''Noyontara''''' is an Indian Hindi-language television [[supernatural]] series that aired on [[Colors TV]] from 9 June 2025 to 16 April 2026 on [[Colors TV]] and streams digitally on [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=4 June 2025|title=Ghosted with benefits as Noyontara haunts prime time on Colors|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/english-entertainment/ghosted-with-benefits-as-noyontara-haunts-prime-time-on-colors-250604|access-date=8 June 2025|work=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref> Produced by [[Peninsula Pictures]], the show starred [[Shruti Bhist]], [[Arjun Chakrabarty]], Shubham Dipta, Sakshi Sharma and [[Heena Parmar]]. It was an official remake of Bengali TV series ''[[Trinayani (Bengali TV series)|Trinayani]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rony |date=2025-05-07 |title=Colors TV set to captivate its audience with a fresh supernatural fantasy drama, "Noyontara". |url=https://www.justshowbiz.net/colors-tv-set-to-captivate-its-audience-with-a-fresh-supernatural-fantasy-drama-noyontara/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=JustShowBiz |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Plot==
Noyontara, a 23-year-old ghost-whisperer has always lived on the fringes, ridiculed for her rare gift. Her life takes a drastic turn when she marries Dr. Surjo, a man of science and reason, still wallowing in guilt over his tragic past. When Noyontara enters Surjo's house, the grand and enigmatic Pari Mahal, she’s pulled into a web of secrets where the past refuses to stay buried. With a playful and mischievous ghost named Hasiram as her unlikely ally, she begins to unravel the ancestral mansion’s history of greed and forgotten truths. She encounters two women — Lata and Lalita — both claiming to be her mother-in-law. Lalita urges her to save her son, Surjo, from a fate worse than death, while Lata seeks to manipulate Noyontara’s gift for her own sinister agenda. As their intentions blur, Noyontara must decide: who is guiding her and who is leading her into a trap?

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Shruti Bhist]] as
** Noyontara "Noyon" Sengupta: Meghnath and Karuna's daughter (2025–2026) (Dead)
*** Myrah Shivan as child Noyontara (2025)
** Noyontara "Tara" Basu: Surjoshekhar and Noyontara Sengupta's daughter (2026)
* [[Arjun Chakrabarty]] as Surjoshekhar "Surjo" Sengupta: Shashodhar and Lolita's son (2025–2026) (Dead)
** Akshaan Sehrawat as child Surjoshekhar (2025)
* [[Heena Parmar]] as Shaoli Roy: A ghost; Madhobi's daughter; Nishi's mother (2025–2026) (Dead)
* Shubham Dipta as Prateek Basu: A Businessman; Noyontara Basu's husband (2026)
* Sakshi Sharma as Nishi Roy: Shaoli's [[satan|satanic]] daughter (2026)

===Recurring===
* [[Naveen Saini]] as Meghnath: Karuna's husband (2025)
* Bidisha Ghosh Sharma as Karuna: Meghnath's wife (2025)
* Shreya Choudhary as Komolika aka Komo: Meghnath and Karuna's daughter (2025)
* Romel Raj Krishna as Mohinath: Meghnath and Karuna's son (2025)
* Trisha Goswami as Tonuka aka Phool: Meghnath and Karuna's niece (2025)
* Ankit Chauhan as Gautam: Trisha's brother (2025)
* Hermany Verma as Piyali: Mohinath's wife (2025)
* Chandan Arora as Shayon: Tonuka's husband (2025)
* Muni Jha as Mr. Sengupta: Ashalata's husband (2025)
* Nandini Chatterjee as Ashalata Sengupta: Mr. Sengupta's second wife (2025–2026)
* Vicky Ahuja as Shashodhar Sengupta: Mr. Sengupta's son (2025–2026)
* Kalpesh Rajgor as Chandrashekhar Sengupta: Mr. Sengupta's son (2025)
* Jhumma Mitra as Malobika "Mala" Sengupta: Mr. Sengupta's daughter (2025–2026)
* [[Moon Banerjee]] as Paulomi Sengupta: Chandrashekhar's wife (2025)
* Simran Upadhyay as Mohor Sengupta: Shashodhar and Lolita's daughter (2025–2026)
* Divya Wadhwa as Mahua "Mou" Sengupta: Shashodhar and Lolita's daughter (2025)
* Nitya Gupta as Jaya Sengupta: Chandrashekhar and Paulomi's daughter (2025)
* Inderjeet Modi as Shomraj Sengupta: Malobika's son (2025)
* Priyamvada Singh as Madhobi Roy: Shaoli's mother (2025)
* [[Narayani Shastri]] as
** Lolita Sengupta: Ghost; Lata's twin-sister (2025) (Dead)
** Lata: Lolita's twin-sister and enemy (2025-2026)
* [[Manoj Chandila]] as Ajay Ghosh: Trisha's husband (2025)
* Unknown as Trisha Ghosh: Gautam's sister (2025)
* [[Sudha Chandran]] as Ghorkamini (2025–2026) (Dead)
* Aamir Dalvi as Baba Pralaynath (2025–2026) (Dead)
* Premchand Singh as Gurudev: Lata's accomplice; Noyontara Sengupta's murderer (2025–2026)
* [[Farida Dadi]] as Mrs. Basu: Prateek's grandmother (2026)
* Ragini Kaushik as Deepika Basu (2026)
* Ekta Sharma as Mohima Basu (2026)
* Aditya Chandra as Daksh (2026)
* [[Rinku Ghosh]] as Mahamaya (2026)
* Mridun Taksh as Bimal (2025)
* Aqdas Khan as Hashiram: child ghost; Noyontara Sengupta's friend (2025)
* Romanch Mehtha (2025)
* Rajeev Kapoor as Sanjay: Noyontara Sengupta's friend (2025)
* [[Sulabha Arya]] as Didabhai: Noyontara Sengupta's grandmother-figure (2025)
* Ragini Kaushik as Bokul: Ghost (2025)

==Production==
===Casting===
[[Arjun Chakrabarty]] was selected to playing Dr. Surjo and marks him Hindi TV debut.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=3 June 2025|title=Bengali actor Arjun Chakraborty on Hindi debut 'Noyontara': ‘If it was easy, then anyone would do it’|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/bengali-actor-arjun-chakraborty-on-making-hindi-tv-debut-with-noyontara-23557635|access-date=8 June 2025|work=[[Mid-Day]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Narayani Shastri]] was roped in as Lata and Lalita.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mandal|first=Pramila|date=5 June 2025|title=EXCLUSIVE: Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi fame Narayani Shastri to play antagonist in Noyontara, spills beans on Bigg Boss 19|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/exclusive-kyunki-saas-bhi-kabhi-bahu-thi-fame-narayani-shastri-to-play-antagonist-in-noyontara-spills-beans-on-bigg-boss-19-1390716|access-date=9 June 2025|work=Pink Villa|language=en}}</ref>

===Release===
In May 2025, Colors TV unveiled a teaser introducing the new show titled ''Noyontara'', featuring [[Shruti Bhist]] and Adish Vaidya for promoting the series.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=7 May 2025|title=Adish Vaidya reacts to his promo in upcoming show ‘Noyontara’; says ‘I am not a part of it’ – Exclusive|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/adish-vaidya-reacts-to-his-promo-in-upcoming-show-noyontara-says-i-am-not-a-part-of-it-exclusive/articleshow/120970989.cms|access-date=8 June 2025|work=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt37531697|Noyontara}}

{{Colors Programmes}}
[[Category:2025 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
{{India-tv-prog-stub}}

Ravish Kumar

2026-04-26T03:56:26Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Indian journalist and anchor (born 1974)}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Raveesh Kumar]], an Indian diplomat}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox social media personality
| name = Ravish Kumar
| image = Ravish Kumar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Kumar receiving 12th [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] in [[New Delhi]], 2017.
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|12|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = Jitwarpur, [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]], [[Bihar]], India
| alma mater = [[University of Delhi]] [[Indian Institute of Mass Communication]]
| occupation = [[Journalist]]
| employer = [[NDTV]] (1994–2022)
| years_active =
| spouse = Nayana Dasgupta
| children = 2
| parents =
| awards = {{plainlist|
* [[Peabody Awards]] (2024)
* [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (2019)
* [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]]s (2013 and 2017)
* Red Ink Award (2016)}}
| youtube_handle = @ravishkumar.official
| youtube_display_name = Ravish Kumar Official

| youtube_years_active =
| youtube_genre =
| youtube_subscribers = 14.5 million
| youtube_views = 2.57 billion
| stats_update = 26 April 2026
}}

'''Ravish Kumar''' (born '''Ravish Kumar Pandey'''; 5 December 1974)<ref>{{Cite news |title=NDTV's Ravish Kumar wins the 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award |url=https://theprint.in/india/ndtvs-ravish-kumar-wins-the-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award/271191/ |work=ThePrint |agency=PTI |date=2 August 2019 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2 August 2019|title=Journalist Ravish Kumar wins 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/journalist-ravish-kumar-wins-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award-751444.html|access-date=13 April 2021|work=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> is an Indian journalist, author, media personality and [[YouTuber]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2023 |title=YouTube is the last bastion of unbiased journalism in India |url=https://restofworld.org/2023/india-youtube-journalism/ |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=Rest of World |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Raksha |date=9 May 2024 |title=Indian journalists turned to YouTube to dodge Modi's censorship. Some of their channels are now being blocked |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/news/indian-journalists-turned-youtube-dodge-modis-censorship-some-their-channels-are-now-being |work=Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism |access-date=21 May 2024}}</ref> He was the Senior Executive Editor of [[NDTV India]]. He hosted a number of programmes including the channel's flagship weekday show ''Prime Time'', ''Hum Log'', ''Ravish Ki Report'', and ''Des Ki Baat''.<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|title=Indian journalist Ravish Kumar receives 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award|language=en-IN|date=9 September 2019|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-journalist-ravish-kumar-receives-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award/article29374978.ece|access-date=13 April 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228204036/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-journalist-ravish-kumar-receives-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award/article29374978.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=7 साल डेटिंग करने के बाद रवीश और नयना ने की थीं शादी, जानें कौन हैं और क्या करती हैं रवीश कुमार की पत्नी |url=https://www.jansatta.com/lifestyle/ravish-kumar-wife-nayana-dasgupta-profession-life-bio-net-worth-insta-tweet-child-know-who-is-ravish-kumars-wife-and-what-she-does/1584676/ |access-date=6 December 2023 |work=Jansatta |date=5 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Puri|first=Anjali|date=2 December 2019|title=Ravish Kumar: The rooted anchor|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/ravish-kumar-the-rooted-anchor-116120201168_1.html|access-date=13 April 2021|work=Business Standard|language=en}}</ref>

Kumar has twice been conferred with [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] for the ''Best Journalist of the Year'' and became the fifth Indian journalist to receive the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] in 2019.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title="Truth Essential To Democracy": Ravish Kumar Receives Magsaysay Award |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ndtvs-ravish-kumar-receives-2019-magsaysay-award-for-his-journalism-2098203|access-date=7 December 2021|website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kumar was born on 5 December 1974 in Jitwarpur village in [[East Champaran district]] of [[Bihar]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2 August 2019|title=NDTV's Ravish Kumar wins the 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award|url=https://theprint.in/india/ndtvs-ravish-kumar-wins-the-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award/271191/|access-date=13 April 2021|work=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=PTI|date=2 August 2019|title=Journalist Ravish Kumar wins 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/journalist-ravish-kumar-wins-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award-751444.html|access-date=13 April 2021|work=Deccan Herald}}</ref> to Baliram Pandey and Yashoda Pandey.<ref name="JagranProfile">{{Cite news |last=Tripathi |first=Shailaja |date=24 August 2022 |title=Ravish Kumar Biography: Wife, Early Life, Education, TV Show, Awards, Age, News and other latest details|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/ravish-kumar-biography-1661313187-1 |work=Dainik Jagran |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> He obtained his high school education from [[Loyola High School, Patna]]. Later he moved to [[Delhi]] for higher studies. He graduated from [[Deshbandhu College]], affiliated with the [[University of Delhi]].<ref name="JagranProfile"/> Eventually he enrolled in [[Postgraduate diploma|post-graduate diploma]] in [[Hindi]] Journalism from the [[Indian Institute of Mass Communication]].<ref name="JagranProfile"/><ref>{{cite news |title=दिल्ली में बंगाल की नयना पर दिल हार बैठे थे रवीश कुमार, तमाम मुश्क़िलों को पार कर रचाई शादी |url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/news-gallery/ndtv-journalist-ravish-kumar-and-his-wife-nayana-dasgupta-know-all-about-their-love-story/1486623/4/ |work=Jansatta |language=hi |date=4 August 2020 |access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref>

==Career==

=== NDTV career ===
From 1994 to 2022, he was employed by [[NDTV India]], eventually as a senior director.<ref name="15years">{{cite news|title=NDTV - The Company|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/corporatepage/ndtv_india.aspx|access-date=28 August 2016|publisher=[[NDTV]]}}</ref> He hosted several programmes, including the channel's flagship weekday show ''Prime Time'', ''Hum Log'',<ref>{{cite web|title=NDTV.com|url=http://www.ndtv.com/video/list/shows/hum-log|publisher=www.ndtv.com|access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref> ''Ravish Ki Report''<ref name="Ravish Ki Report">{{Cite web|title=Ravish Ki Report|url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/list/shows/ravish-ki-report|access-date=30 November 2022|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> and ''Des Ki Baat''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Des Ki Baat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/list/shows/des-ki-baat |access-date=24 July 2020 |work=NDTV}}</ref>

He has received death threats in the past for his journalism.<ref>{{cite news |title=NDTV के पत्रकार रवीश कुमार को दी जा रही है जान से मारने की धमक़ी |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/india/ndtv-journalist-ravish-kumar-gets-death-threats-1857634 |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=NDTVIndia |date=25 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NDTV's Ravish Kumar says the frequency of death threats increased, calls it 'all well organised' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/ndtvs-ravish-kumar-says-frequency-of-death-threats-increased-calls-it-all-well-organised-4484199.html |access-date=3 February 2021 |work=Firstpost |date=27 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NDTV's Ravish Kumar says death threats have increased |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ntdvs-ravish-kumar-says-death-threats-have-increased/article23989047.ece |access-date=14 May 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=25 May 2018}}</ref>

On 30 November 2022, he resigned from [[NDTV]], following the [[NDTV#2022 onwards: Acquisition by Adani Group|acquisition of NDTV]] by [[Adani Group]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ravish-kumar-resigns-ndtv-8298920/|publisher=Indian Express|title=Senior journalist Ravish Kumar resigns from NDTV|date=30 November 2022 |access-date=30 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2022 |title=Media freedom fears in India after Modi ally Adani buys 29% stake in NDTV |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/24/media-freedom-fears-in-india-after-modi-ally-adani-buys-29-stake-in-ndtv |access-date=30 November 2022 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

=== YouTube career ===
Kumar started a YouTube channel after resigning from his job at NDTV.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adani's NDTV Takeover: Ravish Kumar launches YouTube channel after resignation, says 'Road ahead is not fixed but his courage is'; watch |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/adnais-ndtv-takeover-ravish-kumar-reacts-after-resignation-after-26-years-says-this-day-had-to-come |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=Free Press Journal |date=1 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> On 5 May 2024, his channel reached the milestone of 10 million subscribers.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's YouTubers take on Narendra Modi |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/05/23/indias-youtubers-take-on-narendra-modi |access-date=24 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=23 May 2024}}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ravish Kumar completes 10 million subscribers on YouTube 18 months after launching channel |url=https://english.varthabharati.in/india/ravish-kumar-completes-10-million-subscribers-on-youtube-18-months-after-launching-channel |website=english.varthabharati.in |access-date=24 May 2024 |date=6 May 2024}}</ref>

==Awards and accolades==
[[File:Ravish Kumar at University of Chicago Center New Delhi Journalism Week Lecture.jpg|thumb|250px|alt=Ravish Kumar delivering a lecture in New Delhi|Ravish Kumar (visible on stage on the left) speaking during a lecture at [[University of Chicago]] Center's Journalism week in New Delhi in 2018.]]
Kumar has been conferred various awards for his work in journalism including the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] (2019). He has twice been the recipient of the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]] (2017, 2013) for the broadcast category in the Hindi language. The list of honours continues with ''[[Gauri Lankesh]] Award for Journalism,'' first [[Kuldip Nayar]] Journalism Award (2017), [[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi]] Award for Hindi Journalism and Creative Literature (for 2010, awarded in 2014). He was included in the list of 100 most influential Indians (2016) by ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and also named ''Journalist of the Year'' by the Mumbai Press Club.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kumar, Ravish |url=https://www.rmaward.asia/awardees/kumar-ravish/ |website=www.rmaward.asia |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards: Full list of winners|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-full-winners-list-4991626/|date=22 December 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First Gauri Lankesh Memorial Award given to senior TV journalist Ravish Kumar - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Sep/23/first-gauri-lankesh-memorial-award-given-to-senior-tv-journalist-ravish-kumar-2037721.html |access-date=17 March 2021 |work=New Indian Express |date=23 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=27 August 2014|title=President Pranab Mukherjee honours 28 persons for contribution towards Hindi language|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/president-pranab-mukherjee-honours-28-persons-for-contribution-towards-hindi-language/articleshow/40997839.cms?from=mdr|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kuldip Nayar journalism awards: First winner Ravish Kumar says journalists 'have to rise above flattery of establishment' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tv-journalist-ravish-kumar-gets-first-kuldip-nayar-award-4577249/ |access-date=17 March 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=21 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=#ie100: Narendra Modi to Ravish Kumar, the most powerful Indians |url=https://indianexpress.com/photo-news/india/indian-express-power-list-2016-narendra-modi-amit-shah-sania-mirza-salman-khan-sri-sri-ravi-shankar/99/ |access-date=17 March 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=14 April 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Kumar was awarded the ''Honorary Title for Freedom of Expression'' for his critical and independent journalism in India by the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] (VUB) and the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB) in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] on the occasion of [[World Press Freedom Day]], 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Author Jennifer Clement and journalist Ravish Kumar receive Honorary Title for Freedom of Expression |url=https://www.vub.be/en/news/jennifer-clement-ravish-kumar-honorary-title-for-freedom |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |date=3 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==List of awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2013
|[[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]]
|Broadcast category in the Hindi language
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards: Full list of winners|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-full-winners-list-4991626/|date=22 December 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|[[Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi]] Award
|For Hindi Journalism and Creative Literature (for 2010)
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2016
|[[Red Ink Award]]
|''Journalist of the Year Award'' for his consistent and down to earth reporting on politics and issues that concern the common man
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|2017
|[[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Award]]
|Broadcast category in the Hindi language
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards: Full list of winners|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ramnath-goenka-excellence-in-journalism-awards-full-winners-list-4991626/|date=22 December 2017|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2019
|[[Ramon Magsaysay Award]]
|For his unfaltering commitment to a professional, ethical journalism of the highest standards; his moral courage in standing up for truth, integrity, and independence; and his principled belief that it is in giving full and respectful voice to the voiceless, in speaking truth bravely yet soberly to power, that journalism fulfills its noblest aims to advance democracy.
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Gauri Lankesh]] Memorial Award
|He was chosen for the award for sharp news analysis and uncompromising secular stance by the Gauri Lankesh Memorial Trust, founded in memory of the journalist.
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=First Gauri Lankesh Memorial Award given to senior TV journalist Ravish Kumar - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Sep/23/first-gauri-lankesh-memorial-award-given-to-senior-tv-journalist-ravish-kumar-2037721.html |access-date=17 March 2021 |work=New Indian Express |date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''Honorary Title for Freedom of Expression''
|For his critical and independent journalism in India by the [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]] (VUB) and the [[Université libre de Bruxelles]] (ULB) in [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]] on the occasion of [[World Press Freedom Day]], 2023.
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Author Jennifer Clement and journalist Ravish Kumar receive Honorary Title for Freedom of Expression |url=https://www.vub.be/en/news/jennifer-clement-ravish-kumar-honorary-title-for-freedom |access-date=5 May 2023 |work=Vrije Universiteit Brussel |date=3 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

==Personal life==
Kumar is married to Nayana Dasgupta who teaches history at the [[Lady Shri Ram College]], [[University of Delhi]]. He has two daughters- Tanima and Tanisha.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/the-peace-maker/295483 |title=The Peace Maker |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=12 October 2015 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |author-link=Namrata Joshi |access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Most of Mainstream Media a Disgrace to Democracy': Ravish Kumar at Peabody Ceremony |url=https://thewire.in/media/ravish-kumar-peabody-award-acceptance-speech |work=The Wire |date=21 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
Kumar was the subject of the 2023 documentary ''[[While We Watched]]'' directed by [[Vinay Shukla]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Girish |first=Devika |date=20 July 2023 |title='While We Watched' Review: A Lament and a Battle Cry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/20/movies/while-we-watched-review.html |access-date=21 July 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Books ==
* ''[[The Free Voice|The Free Voice: On Democracy, Culture and the Nation]]'', 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Raman |first=Anuradha |date=24 May 2018 |title=Book review - "The Free Voice" |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-free-voice-on-democracy-culture-and-the-nation-review-looking-through-glass/article23465517.ece |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230617164632/https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-free-voice-on-democracy-culture-and-the-nation-review-looking-through-glass/article23465517.ece |archive-date=17 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ray |first1=Prakash K. |date=5 April 2018 |title=Review: Democracy and Debate in the Time of 'IT Cell' |publisher=The Wire |url=https://thewire.in/books/ravish-kumar-book |url-status=live |access-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230617164115/https://thewire.in/books/ravish-kumar-book |archive-date=17 June 2023}}</ref>
*'' Bolna Hi Hai: Loktantra, Sanskriti Aur Rashtra Ke Bare Mein'' (in Hindi)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Ravish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQvQDwAAQBAJ|title=Bolna Hi Hai: Loktantra, Sanskriti Aur Rashtra Ke Bare Mein|date=1 February 2020|publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan|isbn=978-93-88933-61-2|language=en}}</ref>
*''Ishq Mein Shahar Hona'' (in Hindi)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Trivedi |first1=Vikas |title=बुक रिव्यू: 'इश्क़ में शहर होना' सिखाती हैं टीवी वाले रवीश कुमार की फ़ेसबुक लव कहानियां |url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/review-of-ravish-kumar-book-ishq-mein-sehar-hona-rajkamal-prakashan-by-vikas-trivedi-1-800201.html |access-date=24 July 2020 |work=[[Aaj Tak]] |date=19 February 2015}}</ref>
*''Dekhate Rahiye'' (in Hindi)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dekhate Rahiye : Ravish Kumar : 9789380044590|url=https://www.bookdepository.com/Dekhate-Rahiye-Ravish-Kumar/9789380044590|access-date=7 December 2021|website=www.bookdepository.com}}</ref>
*''Ravishpanti'' (in Hindi)<ref>{{cite news |title='रवीशपंती' और 'बस इतनी सी थी ये कहानी' का लोकार्पण |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/story/ravishpanti-book-release-event-229156-2014-12-16 |work=Aaj Tak |language=hi |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref>
*A City Happens In Love<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Ravish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sHlgvQEACAAJ|title=A City Happens In Love|date=10 September 2018|publisher=Speaking Tiger |isbn=9789388326032|translator-last=Katyal|translator-first=Akhil}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian journalists]]
* [[Godi media]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=10027481}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/@ravishkumar.official Ravish Kumar] on [[YouTube]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-media}}
{{s-bef|before=-}}
{{s-ttl|title=Senior Executive Editor of ''[[NDTV India]]''|years= –present}}
{{s-inc|rows=2}}
{{s-bef|before=-}}
{{s-ttl|title= Presenter of ''[[NDTV India]]'' Prime Time |years= –present}}
{{s-end}}

{{RMA winners of India}}
{{NDTV Personnel}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ravish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian television journalists]]
[[Category:NDTV Group]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Motihari]]
[[Category:Journalists from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian male bloggers]]
[[Category:Indian political journalists]]
[[Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Mass Communication alumni]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Indian YouTubers]]

List of states and union territories of India by population

2026-04-25T11:17:15Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|none}}
{{Featured list}}
{{Lists of states and territories of India}}

[[India]] is a union consisting of [[States and union territories of India|28 states and 8 union territories]].<ref name="official">{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile|title=India at a Glance: Profile|access-date=2013-09-30|publisher=Government of India|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209020314/http://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2024, with an estimated population of 1.484 [[1,000,000,000|billion]], India is the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|world's most populous country]]. India occupies 2.4% of the [[List of countries and dependencies by area|world's area]] and is home to 17.5% of the [[World population|world's population]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-12-26 |title=Census and you - Area And Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226033122/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx |archive-date=26 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] has one of the world's biggest stretches of fertile not-deep [[alluvium]] and are among the most densely populated areas of the world. The [[Eastern Coastal Plains|eastern]] and [[Western Coastal Plains|western]] coastal regions of [[Deccan Plateau]] are also densely populated regions of India. The [[Thar Desert]] in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-10 |title=Report of the Task Force on Grasslands and Deserts |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_grass.pdf |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210071534/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp11/tf11_grass.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The northern and [[Northeast India|north-eastern states]] along the [[Himalayas]] contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys. These states have relatively low population density due to indomitable physical barriers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-05-14 |title=India - General Profile, Land Use Classification and Land Use Pattern |url=http://www.envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |access-date=2022-08-08 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514102850/http://www.envfor.nic.in/unccd/chap-3.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Census of India==
[[File:India population density map en.svg|thumb|left|250px|2001 India population density map]]

The first population [[census]] in [[British India]] was conducted in 1872. Since [[History of the Republic of India|India's independence]] in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |title=Census Organisation of India |work=Government of India (2001) |publisher=Census of India |access-date=2008-12-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201091131/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/aboutus/Census_Organisation/about.html |archive-date=December 1, 2008 }}</ref> The census in India is conducted by the Office of the [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|Registrar General and Census Commissioner]] under the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]], and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.<ref name="Brief history of census">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx
|title=Brief history of census
|work=Government of India (2001)
|publisher=Census of India
|access-date=2008-10-26
|archive-date=2013-11-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224445/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/brief_history_of_census.aspx
|url-status=live
}}</ref>

The latest population figures are based on data from the [[2011 census of India]].<ref name="thehindu2">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011 | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=India Census 2011, Provisional Population Totals | access-date=2011-03-31 | archive-date=2013-06-30 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630101511/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual [[population growth rate]] has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent.<ref name="thehindu2"/> Based on decennial census data, [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] has the fastest growth rate of 55.1 percent, followed by [[Meghalaya]] (27.8 percent) and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (25.9 percent). [[Nagaland]] recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |date=31 March 2011 |title=Census 2011: Provisional population totals |url=http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103133244/http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-03 |publisher=India Ministry of Home Affairs |via=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.<ref name="Area and Population">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx
|title=Area and Population
|work=Government of India (2001)
|publisher=Census of India
|access-date=2008-10-26
|archive-date=2007-12-26
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226033122/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx
|url-status=live
}}</ref> India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.<ref name="Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|title=Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns|work=Government of India (2001)|publisher=Census of India|access-date=2008-12-04|archive-date=2013-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154457/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/A_Series/Urban_agglomerations.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.<ref name="Migration rate to city will dip">{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/Migration-rate-to-city-will-dip/articleshow/3478265.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042539/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-13/pune/27920107_1_migration-development-plan-city-engineer|url-status=live|archive-date=5 November 2012|title=Migration rate to city will dip|date=13 Sep 2008|access-date=2008-12-08|first1=Swati|work=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Shinde}}</ref><ref name="Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051205014246/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/03/stories/2005120302910500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 5, 2005|title=Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist |date=Dec 3, 2005|access-date=2008-12-08|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, [[Maharashtra]] had most [[immigration]] with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of [[Delhi]] (1.7 million), [[Gujarat]] (0.68 million) and [[Haryana]] (0.67 million). [[Uttar Pradesh]] (−2.6 million) and [[Bihar]] (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate [[emigration]].<ref name="Migration">{{cite web
|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx
|title=Migration
|work=Government of India (2001)
|publisher=Census of India
|access-date=2008-10-26
|archive-date=2013-11-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113224535/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The five states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Bihar]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]] account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.<ref name="thehindu2"/>

While the national average for the [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011,<ref name="thehindu2"/> the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in the [[child sex ratio]], the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0–6 years.<ref name="thehindu2"/> States such as [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Gujarat]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] recorded an increase in India's child sex ratio.<ref name="thehindu2"/> The national child sex ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.<ref name="thehindu2"/> Telangana census was separated from Andhra Pradesh state census figures, after Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms|title=T-party today: India's 29th state Telangana is born - Times of India ►|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2014 |access-date=15 September 2018|archive-date=17 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917061527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/T-party-Indias-29th-state-Telangana-is-born/articleshow/35912105.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== List ==
Data from Government of India Unique Identification Authority of India Report circa October 31st 2024 Aadhaar Card Saturation Report and 2011 Census for Rural Population (population density is rounded to the nearest integer){{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable col2left" {{right}}
|+List of states and union territories of India by population (Population number as of Oct 31st, 2024, Rural population from [[2011 Census of India]])
! rowspan=2|Rank
! rowspan=2|State or {{nowrap|Union Territory}}
! rowspan=2|Population (2024)
! rowspan=2|% India (2024)
! rowspan="2" |2023 Population estimate<ref name=":2023">{{Cite web|url=https://statisticstimes.com/demographics/india/indian-states-population.php|title=Indian states 2023 population estimates|date=2023-12-01|website=www.main.mohfw.gov.in|language=en-in|access-date=2024-03-29}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |2011 Census Population
<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011 |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/states.php |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-14 |title=Census 2011: Population in States and Union Territories of India |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/census-2011-population-in-states-and-union-territories-of-india-1476439733-1 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Growth (2001–2012)
! colspan="2" |Rural pop. (2011 Census)
! colspan="2" | Urban pop. (2011 Census)
! rowspan="2" |Density 2011 {{nobold|(per km2)}} {{efn|For determining population density of India and the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the data excludes areas claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan (78,114 km2) and China (5,180 km2 in [[Shaksgam Valley]] and 37,555 km2 under [[Aksai Chin]] and other areas).<ref name="jkexclude1">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND001_Jammu%20&%20Kashmir.pdf|title=J&K 2011 Population density census|access-date=2022-01-06|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225081903/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND001_Jammu%20%26%20Kashmir.pdf%20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jkexclude2">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0100.xlsx|title=Religion PCA 2011 J&K census|access-date=2016-01-14|archive-date=2016-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209134331/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/Religion_pca/RL-0100.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
! rowspan="2" |'''[[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(per 1000 female, 2011)}}'''
|-
! Nos.
! %
! Nos.
! %
|-
|1 (S1)
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|241,066,874
|{{pct|241,066,874|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''235,687,000''
|{{nts|199812341}}
|20.2%
|{{nts|155317278}}
|{{pct|155317278|199812341|2}}
|{{nts|44495063}}
|{{pct|44495063|199812341|2}}
|828
|912
|-
|2 (S2)
|[[Bihar]]
|128,592,000
|{{pct|127,360,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''126,756,000''{{efn|population of caste census finished in Oct 2023 was 130,725,310<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.themooknayak.com/obc-news/bihars-caste-census-a-game-changer-in-indian-politics | title=Bihar's Caste Census: A Game-Changer in Indian Politics! | date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>}}
|{{nts|104,099,452}}
|25.4%
|{{nts|92341436}}
|{{pct|92341436|104099452|2}}
|{{nts|11758016}}
|{{pct|11758016|104099452|2}}
|1,102
|918
|-
|3 (S3)
|[[Maharashtra]]
|127,528,000
|{{pct|128,592,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''126,710,000''
|{{nts|112374333}}
|16%
|{{nts|61556074}}
|{{pct|61556074|112374333|2}}
|{{nts|50818259}}
|{{pct|50818259|112374333|2}}
|365
|929
|-
|4 (S4)
|[[West Bengal]]
|99,563,000
|{{pct|99,563,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''99,084,000''
|{{nts|91276115}}
|13.8%
|{{nts|62183113}}
|{{pct|62183113|91276115|2}}
|{{nts|29093002}}
|{{pct|29093002|91276115|2}}
|1,029
|953
|-
|5 (S5)
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|87,610,000
|{{pct|87,610,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''86,579,000''
|{{nts|72626809}}
|20.3%
|{{nts|52557404}}
|{{pct|52557404|72626809|2}}
|{{nts|20069405}}
|{{pct|20069405|72626809|2}}
|236
|931
|-
|7 (S7)
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|77,089,000
|{{pct|77,089,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''76,860,000''
|{{nts|72147030}}
|15.6%
|{{nts|37229590}}
|{{pct|37229590|72147030|2}}
|{{nts|34917440}}
|{{pct|34917440|72147030|2}}
|555
|996
|-
|6 (S6)
|[[Rajasthan]]
|81,897,000
|{{pct|81,897,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''81,025,000''
|{{nts|68548437}}
|21.3%
|{{nts|51500352}}
|{{pct|51500352|68548437|2}}
|{{nts|17048085}}
|{{pct|17048085|68548437|2}}
|201
|928
|-
|8 (S8)
|[[Karnataka]]
|68,115,000
|{{pct|68,115,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''67,692,000''
|{{nts|61095297}}
|15.6%
|{{nts|37469335}}
|{{pct|37469335|61095297|2}}
|{{nts|23625962}}
|{{pct|23625962|61095297|2}}
|319
|973
|-
|9 (S9)
|[[Gujarat]]
|72,367,000
|{{pct|72,367,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''71,507,000''
|{{nts|60439692}}
|19.3%
|{{nts|34694609}}
|{{pct|34694609|60439692|2}}
|{{nts|25745083}}
|{{pct|25745083|60439692|2}}
|308
|919
|-
|10 (S10)
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|53,340,000
|{{pct|53,340,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''53,156,000''
|{{nts|49577103}}
|11.0%
|{{nts|34966693}}
|{{pct|34966693|49577103|2}}
|{{nts|14610410}}
|{{pct|14610410|49577103|2}}
|303
|993
|-
|11 (S11)
|[[Odisha]]
|46,566,000
|{{pct|46,566,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''46,276,000''
|{{nts|41974219}}
|14.0%
|{{nts|34970562}}
|{{pct|34970562|41974218|2}}
|{{nts|7003656}}
|{{pct|7003656|41974218|2}}
|269
|978
|-
|12 (S12)
|[[Telangana]]
|38,272,000
|{{pct|38,272,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''38,090,000''
|{{nts|35003674}}
|13.58%
|{{nts|21395009}}
|{{pct|21395009|35003674|2}}
|{{nts|13608665}}
|{{pct|13608665|35003674|2}}
|312
|988
|-
|13 (S13)
|[[Kerala]]
|35,920,000
|{{pct|35,920,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''35,776,000''
|{{nts|33406061}}
|4.9%
|{{nts|17471135}}
|{{pct|17471135|33406061|2}}
|{{nts|15934926}}
|{{pct|15934926|33406061|2}}
|859
|1,084
|-
|14 (S14)
|[[Jharkhand]]
|39,963,000
|{{pct|39,963,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''39,466,000''
|{{nts|32988134}}
|22.4%
|{{nts|25055073}}
|{{pct|25055073|32988134|2}}
|{{nts|7933061}}
|{{pct|7933061|32988134|2}}
|414
|948
|-
|15 (S15)
|[[Assam]]
|36,047,000
|{{pct|36,047,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''35,713,000''
|{{nts|31205576}}
|17.1%
|{{nts|26807034}}
|{{pct|26807034|31205576|2}}
|{{nts|4398542}}
|{{pct|4398542|31205576|2}}
|398
|958
|-
|16 (S16)
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
|30,926,000
|{{pct|30,926,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''30,730,000''
|{{nts|27743338}}
|13.89%
|{{nts|17344192}}
|{{pct|17344192|27743338|2}}
|{{nts|10399146}}
|{{pct|10399146|27743338|2}}
|551
|895
|-
|17 (S17)
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|30,524,000
|{{pct|30,524,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''30,180,000''
|{{nts|25545198}}
|22.6%
|{{nts|19607961}}
|{{pct|19607961|25545198|2}}
|{{nts|5937237}}
|{{pct|5937237|25545198|2}}
|189
|991
|-
|18 (S18)
|[[Haryana]]
|30,573,000
|{{pct|30,573,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''30,209,000''
|{{nts|25351462}}
|19.9%
|{{nts|16509359}}
|{{pct|16509359|25351462|2}}
|{{nts|8842103}}
|{{pct|8842103|25351462|2}}
|573
|879
|-
|19 (UT1)
|[[Delhi]]
|21,752,000
|{{pct|21,752,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''21,359,000''
|{{nts|16787941}}
|21.2%
|{{nts|419042}}
|{{pct|419042|16787941|2}}
|{{nts|16368899}}
|{{pct|16368899|16787941|2}}
|11,297
|868
|-
|20 (UT2)
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|13,701,000
|{{pct|13,701,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''13,603,000''
|{{nts|12267032}}
|23.6%
|{{nts|9064220}}
|{{pct|9064220|12267032|2}}
|{{nts|3202812}}
|{{pct|3202812|12267032|2}}
|297
|890
|-
|21 (S19)
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|11,755,000
|{{pct|11,755,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''11,637,000''
|{{nts|10086292}}
|18.8%
|{{nts|7036954}}
|{{pct|7036954|10086292|2}}
|{{nts|3049338}}
|{{pct|3049338|10086292|2}}
|189
|963
|-
|22 (S20)
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|7,505,000
|{{pct|7,505,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''7,468,000''
|{{nts|6864602}}
|12.9%
|{{nts|6176050}}
|{{pct|6176050|6864602|2}}
|{{nts|688552}}
|{{pct|688552|6864602|2}}
|123
|972
|-
|23 (S21)
|[[Tripura]]
|4,184,000
|{{pct|4,184,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''4,147,000''
|{{nts|3673917}}
|14.8%
|{{nts|2712464}}
|{{pct|2712464|3673917|2}}
|{{nts|961453}}
|{{pct|961453|3673917|2}}
|350
|960
|-
|24 (S22)
|[[Meghalaya]]
|3,379,000
|{{pct|3,379,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''3,349,000''
|{{nts|2966889}}
|27.9%
|{{nts|2371439}}
|{{pct|2371439|2966889|2}}
|{{nts|595450}}
|{{pct|595450|2966889|2}}
|132
|989
|-
|25 (S23)
|[[Manipur]]{{efn|Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of [[Senapati district]] of Manipur.}}
|3,253,000
|{{pct|3,253,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''3,223,000''
|{{nts|2570390}}
|24.5%
|{{nts|1793875}}
|{{pct|1793875|2570390|2}}
|{{nts|776515}}
|{{pct|776515|2570390|2}}
|122
|992
|-
|26 (S24)
|[[Nagaland]]
|2,253,000
|{{pct|2,253,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''2,233,000''
|{{nts|1978502}}
|−0.6%
|{{nts|1407536}}
|{{pct|1407536|1978502|2}}
|{{nts|570966}}
|{{pct|570966|1978502|2}}
|119
|931
|-
|27 (S25)
|[[Goa]]
|1,583,000
|{{pct|1,583,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,575,000''
|{{nts|1458545}}
|8.2%
|{{nts|551731}}
|{{pct|551731|1458545|2}}
|{{nts|906814}}
|{{pct|906814|1458545|2}}
|394
|973
|-
|28 (S26)
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|1,576,000
|{{pct|1,576,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,562,000''
|{{nts|1383727}}
|26.0%
|{{nts|1066358}}
|{{pct|1066358|1383727|2}}
|{{nts|317369}}
|{{pct|317369|1383727|2}}
|17
|938
|-
|29 (UT3)
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|1,391,163
|{{pct|1,391,163|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,646,000''
|{{nts|1247953}}
|28.1%
|{{nts|395200}}
|{{pct|395200|1247953|2}}
|{{nts|852753}}
|{{pct|852753|1247953|2}}
|2,598
|1,037
|-
|30 (S27)
|[[Mizoram]]
|1,250,000
|{{pct|1,250,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,238,000''
|{{nts|1097206}}
|23.5%
|{{nts|525435}}
|{{pct|525435|1097206|2}}
|{{nts|571771}}
|{{pct|571771|1097206|2}}
|52
|976
|-
|31 (UT4)
|[[Chandigarh]]
|1,243,000
|{{pct|1,243,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,231,000''
|{{nts|1055450}}
|17.2%
|{{nts|28991}}
|{{pct|28991|1055450|2}}
|{{nts|1026459}}
|{{pct|1026459|1055450|2}}
|9,252
|818
|-
|32 (S28)
|[[Sikkim]]
|695,000
|{{pct|695,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''689,000''
|{{nts|610577}}
|12.9%
|{{nts|456999}}
|{{pct|456999|610577|2}}
|{{nts|153578}}
|{{pct|153578|610577|2}}
|86
|890
|-
|33 (UT5)
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
|657,587
|{{pct|657,587|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''1,263,000''
|{{nts|585,764}}
|55.1%
|{{nts|243510}}
|{{pct|243510|585764|2}}
|{{nts|342254}}
|{{pct|342254|585764|2}}
|970
|711
|-
|34 (UT6)
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|404,000
|{{pct|404,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''403,000''
|{{nts|380581}}
|6.9%
|{{nts|237093}}
|{{pct|237093|380581|2}}
|{{nts|143488}}
|{{pct|143488|380581|2}}
|46
|876
|-
|35 (UT7)
|[[Ladakh]]
|302,000
|{{pct|302,000|1,399,754,750|2}}
|''300,000''
|{{nts|274000}}
|17.8%
|{{nts|43840}}
|{{pct|43840|274000|2}}
|{{nts|230160}}
|{{pct|230160|274000|2}}
|2.8
|853
|-
|{{nowrap|36 (UT8)}}
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|69,000
|{{pct|69,000|1,399,754,750|3}}
|''69,000''
|{{nts|64473}}
|6.3%
|{{nts|14141}}
|{{pct|14141|64473|2}}
|{{nts|50332}}
|{{pct|50332|64473|2}}
|2,013
|946
|- class="sortbottom" style="background:#9cf;"
!Total
!India
!1,399,754,750
!100%
!1,388,163,000
!1,210,854,977
!17.7%
!833,463,448
!68.84%
!377,106,125
!31.16%
!382
!943
|}

'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}

== See also ==
* [[Geography of India]]
* [[List of city districts by population density]]
* [[List of metropolitan areas in India]]
* [[List of states and union territories of India by area]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514045222/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India]
* [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011chapter7.pdf Census of India - Density of population]
* [http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html 2011 Indian Census]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160313065857/http://censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India] in 2016
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200114212849/http://censusindia.gov.in/ Official website of Census of India] in 2020

{{DEFAULTSORT:States and union territories of India by population}}
[[Category:Ranked lists of country subdivisions|India, population]]
[[Category:Lists of subdivisions of India]]

Rajesh Kushwaha

2026-04-20T09:15:33Z

CaseyBroderick: Made new post w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dr. Rajesh Kumar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] (2015-20)
| constituency1 = [[Kesaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kesaria Constituency]]
| party = [[Vikassheel Insaan Party]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
| occupation = Politics
}}
'''Rajesh Kushwaha'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebharatnews.net/east-champaran-saffron-mla-dr-rajesh-kushwaha-gave-twenty-five-lakh-rupees-to-the-people-of-the-region-to-avoid-this-global-epidemic-the-india/|title=पूर्वी चंपारण:केसरिया विधायक डॉ राजेश कुशवाहा ने इस वैश्विक महामारी से बचने हेतु क्षेत्र की जनता के लिए दिए पच्चीस लाख रुपये|accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=27 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227191835/https://thebharatnews.net/east-champaran-saffron-mla-dr-rajesh-kushwaha-gave-twenty-five-lakh-rupees-to-the-people-of-the-region-to-avoid-this-global-epidemic-the-india/|url-status=live}}</ref> alias '''Rajesh Kumar''' is an Indian politician and a former member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]. He was elected to the lower house of Bihar legislature as a candidate of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD) in 2015. In 2020, the RJD chose Santosh Kushwaha, replacing him, as party candidate for the [[Kesaria Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/rjd-dumps-some-sitting-mlas-in-2nd-phase-polls/articleshow/78581152.cms|title=Bihar: RJD dumps some sitting MLAs in 2nd phase polls|website=Times of India|date=10 October 2020 |accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=24 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424112530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/rjd-dumps-some-sitting-mlas-in-2nd-phase-polls/articleshow/78581152.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Hence, he contested the Bihar Assembly elections of 2020 as an independent candidate, losing to [[Shalini Mishra]] of [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/motihari/news/symbol-allot-in-saffron-maheshwar-gets-ceiling-fan-and-dr-rajesh-gets-tractor-farmer-voting-on-november-3-127832700.html|title=चुनाव:केसरिया में सिंबल अलॉट, महेश्वर को सीलिंग फैन तो डॉ. राजेश को मिला ट्रैक्टर चलाता किसान, वोटिंग 3 नवंबर को|website=bhaskar.com|accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=5 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805190808/https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/motihari/news/symbol-allot-in-saffron-maheshwar-gets-ceiling-fan-and-dr-rajesh-gets-tractor-farmer-voting-on-november-3-127832700.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is contesting the 2024 general election from [[Purvi Champaran Lok Sabha constituency|Purvi Champaran]] as an alliance candidate of the [[Vikassheel Insaan Party]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amarujala.com/bihar/muzaffarpur/lok-sabha-grand-alliance-candidate-declared-from-east-champaran-vip-gave-its-symbol-to-dr-rajesh-kushwaha-2024-04-20 | title=Lok Sabha Polls: पूर्वी चंपारण से महागठबंधन का उम्मीदवार घोषित, VIP ने डॉ. राजेश कुशवाहा को दिया अपना सिंबल }}</ref>

==Political career==
In 2015 assembly elections, he defeated Rajendra Prasad Gupta of [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] by getting 62,902 votes ; latter got 46,955 votes. However, in 2020, the contest became tripolar. Kumar was not allotted the symbol of RJD; hence decided to contest independently, without affiliation of any political party. On the other hand, [[Shalini Mishra]] on the symbol of Janata Dal (United) and candidates from [[Rashtriya Lok Samata Party]] (Maheswar Singh)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kesaria-election-result-2020-live-updates-kesaria-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061427.html|title=Kesaria Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Shalini Mishra of JDU Wins|website=news18|date=10 November 2020 |accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129224945/https://www.news18.com/news/india/kesaria-election-result-2020-live-updates-kesaria-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061427.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Lok Janshakti Party]] made division of votes inevitable. This led to defeat of Dr. Rajesh Kushwaha. The number of votes cast in his favour stood low.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-kesariya-seat-of-east-champaran-stuck-in-multi-cornered-contest-candidates-seeking-their-respective-base-20980324.html|title=Kesariya Election 2020: पूर्वी चंपारण की केसरिया सीट बहुकोणीय मुकाबले में फंसी, अपने-अपने जनाधार को तलाश रहे प्रत्याशी|website=jagran.com|accessdate=27 February 2023|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629002703/https://www.jagran.com/elections/bihar-vidhan-sabha-kesariya-seat-of-east-champaran-stuck-in-multi-cornered-contest-candidates-seeking-their-respective-base-20980324.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2024 Lok Sabha elections, he was given party symbol of Vikassheel Insaan Party and made a candidate from [[Purvi Champaran Lok Sabha constituency]] against [[Radha Mohan Singh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/patna-lok-sabha-chunav-2024-why-have-kushwaha-voters-become-special-in-bihar-politics-after-yadav-most-kushwaha-candidates-8261209.html|title=Kushwaha voters have become special in Bihar politics|date=23 April 2024 }}</ref>

==Personal life==
He completed his [[Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery]] degree from R.N. Mukherjee Ayurvedik Medical College, Motihari, B.U. Muzaffarpur in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=11896|title=Rajesh Kumar Kesaria|website=Myneta}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Rajesh}}
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:People from East Champaran district]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Vikassheel Insaan Party politicians]]

{{Bihar-RJD-politician-stub}}

Gabbar Singh (film)

2026-04-19T15:01:10Z

CaseyBroderick: creating

{{Short description|2012 film by Harish Shankar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gabbar Singh
| image = Gabbar singh poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Harish Shankar]]
| producer = [[Bandla Ganesh]]
| writer = '''Story''': [[Abhinav Kashyap]] Dilip Shukla '''Screenplay''': [[Satish Vegesna]] Ramesh Reddy '''Dialogues''': Harish Shankar
| based_on = {{Based on|''[[Dabangg]]''}}
| starring = [[Pawan Kalyan]] [[Shruti Haasan]]
| music = [[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| cinematography = [[Jayanan Vincent]]
| editing = Gautham Raju
| studio = [[Parameswara Art Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|5|11|ref1=}}
| runtime = 152 minutes<ref name=bbfc />
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = ₹30 crore<ref name="BW"/><ref name="budget">{{cite news|title=Gabbar Singh on a roll at the box office|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/companies/gabbar-singh-on-a-roll-at-the-box-office-112060200072_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]] |first=K |last=Rajani Kanth & Varada Bhat |date=2 June 2015 |access-date=2 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312154821/http://wap.business-standard.com/article/companies/gabbar-singh-on-a-roll-at-the-box-office-112060200072_1.html|archive-date=12 March 2015|quote=Gabbar Singh was made with a budget of Rs 50 crore...}}</ref>
| gross = {{Est}}₹102 - ₹150 crore<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in" />
<ref>{{cite news|title=Gabbar Singh Box Office Collections: Pawan Kalyan starrer overtakes Ghilli for biggest first day for a re release in India |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/gabbar-singh-box-office-collections-pawan-kalyan-starrer-overtakes-ghilli-for-biggest-first-day-for-a-re-release-in-india-1345357 |website=pinkvilla.com |date=2024-11-04 |access-date=2026-04-18}}</ref>
}}

'''''Gabbar Singh''''' is a 2012 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] directed by [[Harish Shankar]]. It is a remake of the 2010 Hindi film ''[[Dabangg]]''. The film stars [[Pawan Kalyan]] and [[Shruti Haasan]]. [[Devi Sri Prasad]] composed the film's music and [[Jayanan Vincent]] was the cinematographer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Friday Release: Dabangg's Telugu remake Gabbar Singh |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/friday-release-gabbar-singh-is-dabangg-in-telugu/256617-71-217.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514033232/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/friday-release-gabbar-singh-is-dabangg-in-telugu/256617-71-217.html |archive-date=14 May 2012 |access-date=10 May 2012 |website=[[IBN Live]] |publisher=}}</ref> The plot follows Venkataratnam Naidu, a police officer who, inspired by a film character, adopts the name [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]].{{efn|name="Gabbar"|A fictional character and the antagonist in the 1975 Hindi film ''[[Sholay]]''.}} Posted in a village, he faces off against a local thug aspiring to join politics who manipulates his half-brother. Gabbar Singh embarks on a mission to dismantle the thug's corrupt political ambitions and restore justice.

Made on a budget of {{Indian Rupee}}30 crore,<ref name="BW">{{Cite web |last=John |first=Nevin |date=2013-01-03 |title=The South Side Story |url=http://www.businessworld.in/news/null/the-south-side-story/696844/page-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219173038/http://www.businessworld.in/news/null/the-south-side-story/696844/page-1.html |archive-date=2015-02-19 |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=[[Businessworld]]}}</ref> the film was formally launched on 18 August 2011 at [[Hyderabad]] with shooting primarily held in [[Pollachi]] district. The film grossed around ₹102 - ₹150 crore worldwide, becoming the 2nd [[List of highest-grossing Telugu films|highest-grossing Telugu film at the time]], emerging as the [[List of Telugu films of 2012|highest-grossing Telugu film of the year]].<ref name="budget" /><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web |title=Gabbar singh highest grosser in south |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/gabbar-singh-highest-grosser-110233-2012-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312155348/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/gabbar-singh-highest-grosser/1/209129.html |archive-date=12 March 2015 |work=India Today |url-status=live |quote=According to the buzz, Gabbar Singh, which is a Telugu remake of Dabangg, has collected more than Rs 150 crore at the worldwide Box Office in 60 days.}}</ref>

Kalyan's performance was acclaimed for its charisma and energy, blending mass appeal with comedy, earning him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]], the [[SIIMA Award for Best Actor – Telugu]], a [[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Award]], among other accolades. A sequel, ''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]'', was released in 2016.

== Plot ==
Venkataratnam Naidu lives with his mother, stepfather Naidu, and younger half-brother Ajay in [[Kondaveedu Fort|Kondaveedu]]. His stepfather is always partial towards Ajay, much to Venkataratnam's anger. He stops caring about others' opinions and renames himself after the fictional character "[[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]]."{{efn|name="Gabbar"}} As his resentment towards his brother and stepfather grows, Gabbar Singh runs away from home. His stepfather eventually finds him and sends him to a [[boarding school]] away from Kondaveedu.

Twenty-one years later, Gabbar Singh is a police officer posted as the [[Inspector|Circle Inspector]] (CI) for the Kondaveedu region. His anger towards his brother and stepfather remains unchanged, and he lives separately from them. Though he wants to live with his mother in his new house, she prefers to stay with Naidu. Ajay is a gambling addict with debts all over the village. Gabbar Singh falls in love with a handicraft vendor named Bhagya Lakshmi.

Siddhappa Naidu is a local goon who, with his uncle's help, aspires to become the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the region in the upcoming by-election. He seeks nomination from the ruling party. Although Siddhappa despises Gabbar Singh for obstructing his illegal activities, he tries to win him over. Gabbar Singh refuses, stating that he knows Siddhappa's true nature and warns him. Angered by Gabbar Singh's response, Siddhappa sends goons to disrupt the Kondaveedu market yard. Gabbar Singh confronts and defeats them, reopening the market yard. Enraged, Siddhappa plans to kill Gabbar Singh, but his uncle advises speaking with the Home Minister to have Gabbar Singh transferred out of Kondaveedu. The minister denies their request and advises Siddhappa to make peace with Gabbar Singh or risk his political ambitions.

Meanwhile, Gabbar Singh proposes to Bhagya Lakshmi, but she rejects him, stating she must care for her ailing, alcoholic father and cannot marry while he is alive. Gabbar Singh returns home to find his mother dead. He attempts to make peace with his stepfather, but Naidu rejects him as an outcast. Gabbar Singh is then attacked by Siddhappa's men at a handicraft exhibition. He defeats them and confronts Siddhappa, warning him to stop interfering and declaring he will never allow Siddhappa to become an MLA.

Provoked by Siddhappa's men, Ajay brutally injures one of his creditors. Siddhappa calls the police to warn them about the fight. Gabbar Singh publicly beats his brother, disgracing him. Siddhappa tries to exploit the situation to have Gabbar Singh suspended, but Naidu resolves the issue by accepting Gabbar Singh's apology. Angered by the outcome, Siddhappa challenges Gabbar Singh, warning that something significant will happen in the next 24 hours. Gabbar Singh interrogates Siddhappa's henchmen and learns Siddhappa arranged Bhagya Lakshmi's marriage to a local merchant by bribing her father to enrage Gabbar Singh. Gabbar Singh crashes the wedding, confirms Bhagya Lakshmi's love for him, and marries her on the spot.

As a last effort, Siddhappa tries to bribe the high command for a party nomination, offering ₹5 [[crore]]. Gabbar Singh learns of this and steals the money. Ajay, in desperate need of money, is approached by Siddhappa, who offers help in exchange for Ajay's assistance in his election campaign. Siddhappa instructs Ajay to deliver a cellphone and a box of sweets to the Minister's house, unknowingly containing a bomb that kills the minister. Knowing that it was Gabbar Singh's brother behind the blast, the district superintendent suspends Gabbar Singh. Gabbar Singh confronts Naidu about the actions of Ajay. Naidu suffers a heart attack and is hospitalized, where Gabbar Singh cares for him, rekindling their bond.

Ajay, shocked by the blast, convinces Siddhappa to kill Gabbar Singh. Although he has no intention of killing his brother, he agrees to escape Siddhappa's grasp and confesses to Gabbar that he was sent to kill him. Gabbar attempts to take Ajay to the commissioner for a confession, but Siddhappa reveals he killed Gabbar's mother while searching for his money. In a final battle, Gabbar Singh storms Siddhappa's house, kills his goons, and defeats Siddhappa. Gabbar Singh then hires most of Siddhappa's henchmen for low-profile police jobs while discussing his future with Bhagya Lakshmi.

== Cast ==
{{castlist|
* [[Pawan Kalyan]] as Venkataratnam Naidu / [[Gabbar Singh (character)|Gabbar Singh]]
**[[Akash Puri]] as Young Venkataratnam Naidu / Young Gabbar Singh
* [[Shruti Haasan]] as Bhagyalakshmi
* [[Abhimanyu Singh]] as Siddhappa Naidu
* [[Ajay (actor)|Ajay]] as Gabbar Singh's brother
* [[Suhasini Maniratnam]] as Gabbar Singh's mother
* [[Nagineedu]] as Naidu, Gabbar Singh's stepfather
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Bhagyalakshmi's father
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as Minister Pradeep Kumar
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Recovery Ranjit Kumar
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Constable Ram Prasad aka 'Samba'
* [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Police Commissioner
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Siddhappa Naidu's uncle
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Banda Swamy
* [[Prabhas Sreenu]] as Siddappa Seenu
* Gayatri Rao As Harathi (Guest Appearance)
* [[Hari Teja]] as Bhagyalakshmi's assistant
* [[Prudhvi Raj]] as Nagaraju
* [[Praveen (actor)|Praveen]] as Yakambaram, Ranjit Kumar's PA
* [[Saptagiri (actor)|Saptagiri]] as Villager
* [[Dhanraj (Telugu comedian)|Dhanraj]] as Villager
* [[Fish Venkat]] as Siddhappa Naidu's henchman
* [[Harsha Vardhan]] as Doctor
* Vajja Venkata Giridhar as Police officer
* Narra Srinivas as Police officer
* [[Chammak Chandra]] as Villager
* [[Satya (Telugu actor)|Satya]] as Tea shop vendor
* [[Malaika Arora]] in the [[item number]] "Kevvu Keka"
* Gym Ravi as groom
}}

==Production==

===Development===
In 2011, Pawan expressed interest in remaking the Hindi film ''Dabangg'' to Telugu as he was impressed with the film.<ref name = "Remake">{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-to-remake-dabangg-news-telugu-lbymdUhffacsi.html|title=Pawan to remake Dabangg|website=[[Sify]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313061142/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-to-remake-dabangg-news-telugu-lbymdUhffacsi.html|archive-date=13 March 2015}}</ref> [[Arbaaz Khan]] sold the remake rights to Pawan. It was originally announced that Pawan would produce the film under his newly formed production banner "Pawan Kalyan Creative Works"; however, it was announced that Bandla Ganesh will produce the film under his banner Parameswara Cine Creations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article392076.ece?service=print|title='Dabangg' arrives in Telugu|work=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313061621/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/article392076.ece?service=print|archive-date=13 March 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141018111808/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-clears-dates-for-gabbar-singh-news-news-lfkpqWjdagdsi.html "Pawan clears dates for Gabbar Singh"]. ''Sify''.</ref> Pawan approached Harish to direct the Telugu remake of ''Dabangg''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212133143/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article525100.ece?service=print "Director Harish Shanker"]. newindianexpress.com.</ref> Harish Shankar revealed he was supposed to direct ''[[Mirapakaay]]'' (originally titled "Romantic Rishi") with Pawan Kalyan which was dropped due to various reasons.<ref name = "Remake"/>

===Casting===
{{multiple image

| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| footer = [[Sonu Sood]] (left) was originally slated to reprise his character, but he was replaced by [[Abhimanyu Singh]] (right).
| width =


| image1 = Sonu sood 2012.jpg
| width1 = 125
| alt1 =
| caption1 =


| image2 = Abhimanyu Singh (Indian Actor) rgvzoomin.jpg
| width2 = 125
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}}
Harish Shankar signed Shruti Haasan as the film's actress. Shruti had signed the film in November 2011 replacing [[Ileana D'Cruz]] who had opted out, and played the role of Bhagyalakshmi, a village girl, which had been played by Sonakshi Sinha in the original version.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Shruti-Hassan-dropped-Ileana-DCruz-signs-Gabbar-Singh/articleshow/10865798.cms "Shruti Hassan dropped, Ileana D'Cruz signs Gabbar Singh"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> Parvati Melton<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150812073818/http://www.sify.com/movies/melton-to-do-munni-number-imagegallery-tollywood-lmbmnFbhaaisi.html "Melton to do `Munni` number?"]. ''Sify''.</ref> and [[Malaika Arora]] (who performed an item number in the original movie) were finally selected to perform an item number for which the latter was reported to have been paid {{INRConvert|1|c}}; however, Ganesh denied that Malaika was paid {{Indian Rupee}}1 crore and also refused to divulge details about her remuneration.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626103924/http://www.sify.com/movies/malaika-gets-rs-1-cr-for-gabbar-singh-news-telugu-md3mJmjjcagsi.html "Malaika gets Rs 1 Cr for Gabbar Singh"]. ''Sify''.</ref> [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]], [[Rao Ramesh]] and [[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] were selected to portray supporting roles.

==Themes and influences==
Few dialogues were written for and uttered by Pawan Kalyan's character in the film. Dialogues like "Naku konchem thikka undi, kani daniko lekka undi" (I am crazy, but my craziness has a calculation){{efn|These dialogues are translated from [[Telugu language|Telugu]] to English.|name = "translate"}}<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Sucker-punch-Telugu-cinema-teasers/articleshow/22857708.cms "Sucker punch: Telugu cinema teasers"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> epitomises the nature of the characterisation of cop roles in Telugu cinema. Director Harish Shankar defended by quoting, "Fans like to see their favourite stars doing incredible things. I just tried to tweak Pawan's character for a better audience connection. The last dialogue of Pawan in the film "Police ane vaadu...Janam lo bhayam pogottevaadu avvali, kaani jananni bhayapette vaadu kaadu" (The policeman should be the one who removes the fear in the people, but not the one who scares the people){{efn|name = "translate"}} sums up our film. I respect police officers and have made sure that we do not offend them in any way".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-defends-its-crooked-cops/articleshow/45337765.cms "Tollywood defends it's crooked cops"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> The lyrics of the song "Kevvu Keka" draw heavily from folk literature (Jana Padams), this art form was developed by uneducated farmers who wrote those songs to entertain themselves while working in the fields.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Kodi-kura-anyone/articleshow/12880277.cms "Kodi kura anyone?"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

==Music==
{{Main|Gabbar Singh (soundtrack)}}
The soundtrack of the film was composed by [[Devi Sri Prasad]]. On 15 April 2012, [[Pawan Kalyan]] along with [[Bandla Ganesh]], [[Harish Shankar]] and few others visited [[Tirumala]], where they released the first song from the film and soon after that they went to [[Visakhapatnam]] and visited [[Simhachalam Temple]] where they released the second song from the film.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Chiranjeevi-launches-Gabbar-Singh-music/articleshow/12680344.cms "Chiranjeevi launches Gabbar Singh music"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

== Release ==
The film was released worldwide in around 2500 theaters.<ref name="GS 25000 T TOI">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Gabbar-Singh-First-Day-Collections/etarticleshow/13105907.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201213230/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-12/news-interviews/31679669_1_carnival-time-release-gabbar-singh |url-status=live |archive-date=1 February 2014 |title=Gabbar Singh First Day Collections |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 May 2012 |access-date=18 January 2014}}</ref> [[Central Board of Film Certification]] passed the film with an 'U/A' certificate.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150626105435/http://www.sify.com/movies/gabbar-singh-on-may-11-news-telugu-mfiqLveijgjsi.html "Gabbar Singh on May 11"]. ''Sify''. 8 May 2012</ref> [[British Board of Film Classification]] passed the film with a '15' rating due to strong violence.<ref name=bbfc>[https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/gabbar-singh-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjg3otm "GABBAR SINGH | British Board of Film Classification"]. bbfc.co.uk.</ref>

===Legal issues===
KV Chalapathi Rao, State President of AP Police Officers Association said, "The red towel which Pawan Kalyan wears in one of the movie stills is the point of contention. We see municipality workers in such attire generally and it is derogatory to show a police officer in such light".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Police-officers-angry-with-Gabbar-Singh/articleshow/13081499.cms "Police officers angry with Gabbar Singh"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

==Reception==

=== Critical reception ===
''Sify'' wrote, "The first half is filled with mass masala, while the second half turns hackneyed, but the drawback is instantly overcome thanks to the comedy".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140129140809/http://www.sify.com/movies/gabbar-singh-review-review-telugu-14998472.html "Movie Review : Gabbar Singh review"]. ''Sify''.</ref> ''Rediff'' wrote, "Entertaining it may be, but Gabbar Singh is filled with violence and some vulgarity and not meant for the very young audience".<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-gabbar-singh-is-pawan-kalyan-show-all-the-way/20120511.htm "Review: Gabbar Singh is Pawan Kalyan show all the way"]. ''Rediff''. 11 May 2012.</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''The'' ''Hindu'' said, "The story is formulaic. Don't expect anything out of the box. What comes as a saver is an engaging screenplay, witty dialogues and performances from the actors".<ref>Sangeetha Devi Dundoo. [http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/gabbar-singh-star-power-to-the-fore/article3408180.ece "Gabbar Singh: Star power to the fore"]. ''The Hindu''.</ref> Karthik Pasupulate of ''Times of India'' rated the film 4 out of 5 stars stating that: "The movie sets a new benchmark as far as "paisa vasool" goes."<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Gabbar-Singh/movie-review/13094579.cms "Gabbar Singh Movie Review"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

=== Box office ===
The film had collected a record share of {{INR}}27.4 crore worldwide with a record first week share of {{INR}}25 crore from Andhra Pradesh alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Gabbar-Singh-First-Week-Collections/articleshow/13292376.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923062613/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-19/news-interviews/31777476_1_2nd-week-gabbar-singh-telugu |url-status=live |archive-date=23 September 2013 |title=Gabbar Singh First Week Collections |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 May 2012 |access-date=17 November 2012}}</ref> The total three weeks share of the film now stands at {{INR}}50.45 crore.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sashidhar AS, TNN |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Pawan-Kalyans-Gabbar-Singh-juggernaut-continues--/articleshow/13699582.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923062351/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-01/news-interviews/31958163_1_pawan-kalyan-telugu-film-industry-power-star |url-status=live |archive-date=23 September 2013 |title=Pawan Kalyan's "Gabbar Singh" juggernaut continues... |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=1 June 2012 |access-date=17 November 2012}}</ref> The film has grossed more than {{USD}}1 million at the United States box office. The film had earned {{INRConvert|128|c}} gross worldwide in the first three weeks.<ref name="budget"/> The film has completed 50 days in 307 centres on 29 June 2012. Sources added that ''Gabbar Singh'' has also registered another record of running in 250 direct centers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Gabbar-Singh-50-days-in-307-centers/articleshow/14466896.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923062349/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-28/news-interviews/32456088_1_centers-magadheera-film|url-status=live|archive-date=23 September 2013|title=Gabbar Singh 50 days in 307 centers?|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=28 June 2012}}</ref> The film has shattered the box office collections records and has created a new history by raking around {{INR}}53 crore share after 50 days run.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Gabbar-Singh-50-days-collections-list/articleshow/14525905.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217085228/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-30/news-interviews/32483927_1_collections-vizag-gabbar-singh|url-status=live|archive-date=17 February 2013|title=Gabbar Singh 50 days collections list|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=30 June 2012}}</ref>

''Gabbar Singh'' grossed {{INRConvert|101|c}} worldwide with a lifetime distributor share of {{INRConvert|60.5|c}}.<ref name="budget"/><ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in"/>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ceremony
! Category
! Nominee
! Result
|-
|rowspan="2"|Hyderabad Times Film Awards 2012<ref name="HTFA 2012 TOI PK & DSP">{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Hyderabad-Times-Film-Awards-2012/articleshow/26743534.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206043309/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-02/news-interviews/44656166_1_best-actor-hyderabad-times-film-awards-role-sudeep |url-status=live |archive-date=6 December 2013 |title=Hyderabad Times Film Awards 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=9 December 2013}}</ref>
|Best Actor – Male
|[[Pawan Kalyan]]
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Music Director
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|{{won}}
|-
||[[T. Subbarami Reddy|TSR]] – [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]] National Film Awards 2012
|Best Playblack Singer – Male
|Vaddepalli Srinivas – "Ey Pillaa"
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="13"|[[2nd South Indian International Movie Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siima.in/nominees.php |title=SIIMA 2013 Telugu Nominations |publisher=[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA]] |access-date=5 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906045110/http://www.siima.in/nominees.php |archive-date=6 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Film (Telugu)|Best Film (Telugu)]]
|[[Bandla Ganesh]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Director (Telugu)|Best Director (Telugu)]]
|[[Harish Shankar]]
|{{won}}<ref name="2nd SIIMA Sep 12, 13, 2013 SIIMA">{{cite web |url=http://www.siima.in/winners-2012.php#second |title=SIIMA AWARDS: 2012 WINNERS |publisher=[[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA]] |access-date=17 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917192551/http://www.siima.in/winners-2012.php#second |archive-date=17 September 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Cinematographer (Telugu)|Best Cinematographer (Telugu)]]
|[[Jayanan Vincent]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor (Telugu)|Best Actor (Telugu)]]
|Pawan Kalyan
|{{won}}<ref name="2nd SIIMA Sep 12, 13, 2013 SIIMA" />
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress (Telugu)|Best Actress (Telugu)]]
|[[Shruti Haasan]]
|{{won}}<ref name="2nd SIIMA Sep 12, 13, 2013 SIIMA" />
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)|Best Supporting Actress (Telugu)]]
|[[Suhasini Maniratnam|Suhasini]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Actor in a Negative Role
|[[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Comedian (Telugu)|Best Comedian (Telugu)]]
|[[Prabhas Sreenu|Sreenu]]
|{{won}}<ref name="2nd SIIMA Sep 12, 13, 2013 SIIMA" />
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director (Telugu)|Best Music Director (Telugu)]]
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Male Playback Singer
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]] for "Akasam Ammayaithe"
|{{nom}}
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer
|[[Mamta Sharma]] for "Kevvu Keka"
|{{nom}}
|-
||Best Fight Choreographer
|Ram Lakshman
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Dance Choreographer
|Ganesh for "Dekho Dekho Gabbar Singh"
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[CineMAA Awards|CineMAA Awards 2013]]
|Best Actor (Male)
|Pawan Kalyan
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Comedian
|Antyakshari Team
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Director
|Harish Shankar
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Film
|Bandla Ganesh
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Choreographer
|Ganesh
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Editor
|Gowtham Raju
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[60th Filmfare Awards South]]<ref name="GS 60 F A S RGLI">{{cite web |url=http://raagalahari.com/news/16948/60th-idea-filmfare-awards-2013-south-telugu-nominations.aspx |title=60th IDEA Filmfare Awards 2013 (South) Telugu Nominations |publisher=raagalahari.com |date=4 July 2013 |access-date=5 July 2013 }}</ref>
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu|Best Film]]
|Bandla Ganesh
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu|Best Director]]
|Harish Shankar
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor (Male)]]
|Pawan Kalyan
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director]]
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu|Best Lyrics]]
|Sahithi Pawan – "Kevvu Keka"
|{{nom}}
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Playback Singer (Male)]]
|Vaddepalli Srinivas – "Pillaa"
|{{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"|[[Mirchi Music Awards South|Mirchi Music Awards South 2012]]
|Best Album of the Year – Jury Choice
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Album of the Year – Listeners Choice
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Song of the Year – Jury Choice
|"Akasam Ammayaithe"
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Song of the Year – Listeners Choice
|"Kevvu Keka"
|{{won}}
|-
|Best Composer of the Year
|Devi Sri Prasad
|{{won}}
|-
||[[Santosham Film Awards|Santosham Film Awards 2013]]
|[[Santosham Best Editing Award|Best Editor]]
|Gowtham Raju
|{{won}}
|}

==Legacy==
The success of the film made Shruti Haasan one of the most sought-after actresses in Telugu cinema.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Shruti-Hassan-enjoys-Gabbar-Singh-effect/articleshow/13702963.cms?referral=PM "Shruti Hassan enjoys Gabbar Singh effect"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> The film catapulted Pawan again into beckoning after his continuous failures ''[[Puli (2010 film)|Puli]]'' (2010), ''[[Theenmaar]]'' (2011) and ''[[Panjaa]]'' (2011).<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Tollywood-heroes-playing-it-safe/articleshow/18529788.cms "Tollywood heroes playing it safe"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> [[Nisha Kothari]] starrer ''Bullet Rani'' is said to be inspired by ''Gabbar Singh''. Suresh Goswami, director of the film clarified that "I don't mind if my film is called the female version of Gabbar Singh, but it's definitely not a spoof. In fact, Nisha's role is inspired by Pawan's tough cop act in his film".<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nishas-Bullet-Rani-inspired-by-Pawans-Gabbar-Singh/articleshow/41514588.cms "Nisha's Bullet Rani inspired by Pawan's Gabbar Singh"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref>

==In popular culture==
The films ''[[Kevvu Keka]]'' (2012), ''[[Gunde Jaari Gallanthayyinde]]'' (2013) and ''[[Pilla Nuvvu Leni Jeevitham]]'' (2014) were named after the songs from the film.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nithya-Menen-joins-the-sets-of-GJG/articleshow/17097858.cms "Nithya Menen joins the sets of GJG"]. ''The Times of India''. 5 November 2012</ref> The song "Kevvu Keka" was parodied in ''[[Atharintiki Daaredi]]'' (2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmX3KFm-1D0|title=Kevvu Keka - Attarintiki Daaredi|website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> The "Antakshari" sequence was parodied in ''[[Shadow (2013 film)|Shadow]]'' (2013), featuring "Kevvu Keka".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shadow-Telugu-movie-review-highlights/articleshow/19737168.cms|title=Shadow Telugu movie review highlights|work=The Times of India}}</ref> In ''[[Naayak]]'' (2013), Siddharth ([[Ram Charan]]) and Nandini ([[Amala Paul]]) are seen watching the Bengali dub of ''Gabbar Singh'' in a theatre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-Amala-Paul-watch-Gabbar-Singh/articleshow/16710374.cms|title=Ram Charan, Amala Paul watch Gabbar Singh|work=The Times of India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314042100/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Ram-Charan-Amala-Paul-watch-Gabbar-Singh/articleshow/16710374.cms|archive-date=14 March 2015|date=7 October 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In ''[[Race Gurram]]'' (2014), Lucky ([[Allu Arjun]]) and Spandana (Shruti Haasan) are watching ''Gabbar Singh'' at a cafe.<ref>''Race Gurram'' (DVD)</ref> The track "Pillaa" can be heard during the boardroom scene in [[Trivikram Srinivas]]'s ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (2020), with Bantu (Allu Arjun) and Sitaram ([[Sunil (actor)|Sunil]]) dancing on this song.<ref>''Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo'' (DVD)</ref>

== Sequel {{anchor|Sardaar Gabbar Singh}} ==
Pawan Kalyan announced his intention to star in ''Gabbar Singh 2'', which he would begin working on after his film ''[[Atharintiki Daaredi]]'' released in October 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/gabbar-singh-2-to-be-launched-next-month-news-telugu-njxpkbfjfag.html |title=Gabbar Singh 2 to be launched next month |website=[[Sify]] |access-date=28 September 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312155940/http://www.sify.com/movies/gabbar-singh-2-to-be-launched-next-month-news-telugu-njxpkbfjfag.html|archive-date=12 March 2015}}</ref> However, the film was postponed due to the political entry of Pawan Kalyan and was set to go on floors in December 2014. The film will not be a prequel or sequel to the original ''Gabbar Singh'', but a stand-alone film within the ''Gabbar Singh'' franchise and the film was scripted by Kalyan himself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130831/entertainment-tollywood/article/deepika-gabbar-singh-2 |last=Atreysa |first=Sandeep |title=Deepika in Gabbar Singh 2? |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=28 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003190819/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130831/entertainment-tollywood/article/deepika-gabbar-singh-2 |archive-date=3 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> [[Sampath Nandi]] has been named as the film's director, with [[Devi Sri Prasad]] set to compose the film's music.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/telugu/news-interviews/Gabbar-Singh-2-film-launch-on-Sep-20/articleshow/22459933.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913082932/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news-interviews/41936297_1_gabbar-singh-film-launch-director-sampath-nandi |url-status=live |archive-date=13 September 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Gabbar Singh 2 film launch on Sep 20 |date=10 September 2013}}</ref> [[Anisha Ambrose]] was announced as the lead female role; however, she was replaced by Kajal Agarwal. The regular shooting for ''Gabbar Singh 2'' commenced on 29 May 2015 at Malshej Ghats in Maharashtra.{{cn|date=October 2024}} The film (later titled ''[[Sardaar Gabbar Singh]]'') was released in April 2016.<ref name="nm">{{Cite web|date=2016-05-14|title=Pawan Kalyan starrer 'Sardaar Gabbar Singh' fares miserably at box office|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyan-starrer-%E2%80%98sardar-gabbar-singh%E2%80%99-fares-miserably-box-office-43235|access-date=2021-01-12|website=The News Minute|language=en|archive-date=13 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113115741/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pawan-kalyan-starrer-%E2%80%98sardar-gabbar-singh%E2%80%99-fares-miserably-box-office-43235|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.gabbarsinghcinema.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|2304655|Gabbar Singh}}

{{Dabangg}}
{{Harish Shankar}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Telugu remakes of Hindi films]]
[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2012 action comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian police films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy films]]
[[Category:2012 masala films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films directed by Harish Shankar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Devi Sri Prasad]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Switzerland]]
[[Category:2012 comedy films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]

Dal Singh

2026-04-19T03:53:49Z

CaseyBroderick: stub

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Chaudhary Dal Singh
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 15 January 1915
| birth_place = [[Ramrai]], [[Jind]], [[Jind District|Jind]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| alma_mater =
| death_date = 21 January 1991
| death_place = [[Jind]]
| constituency = [[Jind]] and [[Julana]]
| occupation = Politician
| profession = [[Agriculturist]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| father = [[Chaudhary Ram Nath]]
| spouse =
| children = son [[Parminder Singh Dhull]]
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 16 April 1952
| term_end1 = 30 April 1977
| signature =
| awards =
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Chaudhary Dal Singh''' (1915–1991), popularly known as Khunda Jhota and Paani ka Baadal, was the first Irrigation and Power Minister of Haryana. He was involved in [[Haryana]] politics from 1952 to 1977, when he took unofficial retirement due to his bad health<ref>{{cite book |title=Debates: Official report, Volume 1, Issues 1–3 |page=44 |year=1967 |location=Chandigarh |publisher=[[Vidhan Sabha]] |oclc=185060856 }}</ref> in 1966.

==Early life==

He was a recruitment officer of the [[Indian National Army]] founded by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]. He remained a prisoner of war in Germany and Italy during the Second World War. He was a very good player of Football & won the Indian Army Cavalry Tournament Medal at Lahore in 1939.

==As Military Man==

Enrolled in the Army (2nd Royal Lancer) in March 1936.
Went overseas as the leader of an advance party of the 3rd Motor Brigade in 1941.
Taken prisoners of war by General Rommel's army on 8.1.1941 at ElMichill in Libya while acting as an intelligence NCO and remained a prisoner of war for 4 and a half Years in various countries of Europe. Released by General Paton of the U.S.A. on 28 April 1945.
Worked as an interpreter for Russian and Indian Prisoners of War in the Medical Department in various camps.
Opened Hindi School at Anna-Berg in Germany and Taught Hindi to about 1000 POW's.
Worked as a recruiting officer of the Indian Legion ( I.N.A.) in Germany.
Underwent officer's course at Frontier Warfare Army School Kakaul (Abbottabad) and stood first in the Army School in 1946.

==Travel to various Countries==
Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Sicily, Italy, Germany, France, Belgium & England.

==Term as a Member of the Legislative Assembly==
PEPSU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

# Jind 16.04.1952 to 04.03.1953
# Jind 26.03.1954 to 31.10.1956

PUNJAB LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

# Jind 06.11.1956 to 31.03.1957
# Jind 26.01.1965 to 31.10.1966

HARYANA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

# Jind 01.11.1966 to 28.02.1967
# Julana 17.03.1967 to 21.11.1967
# Julana 26.06.1970 to 20.01.1972
# Jind 04.04.1972 to 30.04.1977 <ref>{{cite book |title=The Election archives, Issues 37–40 |page=6 |year=1979 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Shiv Lal |oclc=1567699 }}</ref>

==Political Arrests==
* Arrested by the Jind State Govt. while acting as Dictator of the Jind State merger movement, and a parallel Govt. at Dadri was formed under his direct supervision during the merger movement. The movement is popularly known as the [[Praja Mandal]] Andolan
* Arrested in 1970 at the time of the Chandigarh agitation by the Haryana Govt.
* Arrested on 13.02.1973 at the time of the teacher's agitation by the Haryana Govt.
* Arrested on 30.05.1973 under the order of the Haryana Govt. while going to address a civil liberty conference at Hansi (Hisar).
* Arrested on 05.05.1973 while leading a procession against the Electricity Cut at [[Jind]] by the Government of [[Haryana]]
* Arrested under [[Maintenance of Internal Security Act|MISA]] on 26.05.1975 and released on 11.05.1976 on health grounds.

==Administrative Experience==
* Elected General Secretary of Jat High School Jind for terms 1946–47,47–48, 1948–49 and 1955– 56.
* President, District Congress Committee, Sangrur, 1954 to 1959.
* Vice Chairman, PEPSU, under the Developed Area Advisory Board.
* Elected Member Estimate Committee, PEPSU Vidhan Sabha for 1954–55, 1956–57.
* Elected member, Public Accounts Committee, PEPSU Vidhan Sabha for 1955–56.
* Member of the Public Relations and Grievances Committee of Sangrur district for the years 1954–57,64–66
* Elected first Chairman, Panchayat Samiti Jind 1961–65.
* Hony. Sub-registrar, Jind for 2 and a half years, 1962–64.
* Elected first Chairman of the Market Committee, Jind 1965–66.
* Member of the Civil Defence Committee, Punjab 1965.
* Irrigation and Power Minister, Haryana 01.11.1966 to 23.03.1967.
* Elected President H.P.C.C. ( O ) on 22.08.1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ravindersinghdhull.net/about-me/my-ideals/chaudhary-dal-singh/biodata/ |title=Brief Biography of Chaudhary Dal Singh {{!}} Ravinder Singh Dhull |website=ravindersinghdhull.net |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621121442/http://ravindersinghdhull.net/about-me/my-ideals/chaudhary-dal-singh/biodata/ |archive-date=2019-06-21}}</ref>

==As a Member of the Indian National Congress==
* Elected President, Jind State Praja Mandal for the year 1947–48.
* Elected Member of the Electoral College of Punjab State of Bilaspur to elect members of the Constituent Assembly of India in 1947.
* Vice-President, PEPSU Youth Congress in 1949.
* President, District Congress Committee, Sangrur, 1954 to 1959.
* Convenor Bharat Sewak Samaj, Tehsil Jind 1956–57.
* Elected Member AICC in 1953.
* Member of the PCC from 1960 to 1969.
* Elected President of HPCC (O) on 22 August 1971.

==Other information==
He was dragged into controversy when an [[Election]] petition was filed against him by Mr. Ghasi Ram in the [[Petition]], the Hon'ble [[Supreme Court of India]] decided the matter in a case titled as Ghasi Ram vs Dal Singh reported in [[All India Reporter]] as AIR 1968 SC 1191.<ref>{{cite book |title=AIR 1968}}</ref> He was the first president of the [[Haryana]] unit of the [[Indian National Congress (Organisation)]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*http://haryanaassembly.gov.in/MLADetails.aspx?MLAID=663
*http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/press/current/PN_17012005_Lalu.pdf
*http://haryanaassembly.gov.in
*https://web.archive.org/web/20100310155431/http://www.allindiareporter.in/
*http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Chaudhary Dal}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (Organisation) politicians]]
[[Category:Indian people imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Jind]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Haryana]]
[[Category:The Emergency (India)]]

Melghat Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:24:57Z

CaseyBroderick: Added a pg needs work...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Melghat
| constituency_no = 41
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 41-Melghat.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Amravati Lok Sabha constituency|Amravati]]
| district = [[Amravati district|Amravati]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| incumbent_image =
| electors =302,341
}}
'''Melghat Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]] and one of the eight which are located in the [[Amravati district]]. It is reserved for Scheduled Tribe candidate.

It is a part of the [[Amravati (Lok Sabha constituency)]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha assembly constituencies, viz. [[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]] [[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]], [[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]], [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur (SC)]], and [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]].

The remaining two [[Dhamangaon Railway Assembly constituency|Dhamangaon Railway]] and [[Morshi Assembly constituency|Morshi]] constituencies are part of Wardha (Lok Sabha constituency) in adjoining Wardha district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=19 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 41 Melghat Assembly constituency is composed of the following:
1. Dharni Tehsil, 2. Chikhaldara Tehsil. 3.Achalpur Tehsil (Part), Revenue Circle –Paratwada and Pathrot of the district.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XVII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule XVII Maharashtra, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |publisher = |accessdate = 2015-05-11 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[1962 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1962]]
| Mamraj Khandelwal
|{{party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| Dayaram Nanu Patel
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 1968^
| rowspan="3"|Ramu Patel
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1978]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Narayan Nanu Patel
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Ramu Patel
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Tulshiram Kale
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Patlya Langda Mavaskar
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra State Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| [[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale|Kewalram Kale]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Prabhudas Babulal Bhilawekar|Prabhudas Bhilawekar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]]
|{{Full party name with color|Prahar Janshakti Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale|Kewalram Kale]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
^by-election

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Melghat">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Melghat |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1341.htm |access-date=4 December 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204101024/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1341.htm |archive-date=4 December 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 145,978 |percentage = 66.45% |change={{increase}}42.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Hemant Nanda Chimote |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 39,119 |percentage = 17.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajkumar Dayaram Patel |party=Prahar Janshakti Party |votes = 25,281 |percentage = 11.51% |change={{decrease}}35.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,462 |percentage = 1.12% |change={{decrease}}0.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Bhagavantrao Tote |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,445 |percentage = 1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Motilal Batu Thakre |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,593 |percentage = 0.73% |change={{decrease}}0.19 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 106,859 |percentage = 48.65% |change= {{increase}}25.55 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 222,129 |percentage = 73.47% |change= {{increase}}8.12 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 219,667}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 302,341|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.94 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Prahar Janshakti Party |swing= {{increase}}19.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Prahar Janshakti Party |votes = 84,569 |percentage = 47.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Mawaskar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,207 |percentage = 24.12% |change={{decrease}}8.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kewalram Tulshiram Kale |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 35,863 |percentage = 20.02% |change={{decrease}}11.94 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Darsimbe Mannalal Khubilal |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,908 |percentage = 4.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,835 |percentage = 1.58% |change={{decrease}}0.49 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangaram Kunjilal Jambekar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,345 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dhande Laxman Shikari |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,646 |percentage = 0.92% |change={{decrease}}1.76 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Umesh Shankarrao Jambhe |party=Peoples Party of India (Democratic) |votes = 1,560 |percentage = 0.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 41,362 |percentage = 23.09% |change= {{increase}}21.94 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 181,995 |percentage = 65.58% |change= {{decrease}}2.32 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 179,106}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 277,523|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Prahar Janshakti Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}14.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Prabhudas Babulal Bhilawekar]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 57,002 |percentage = 33.12% |change={{decrease}}9.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 55,023 |percentage = 31.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kevalram Tulsiram Kale |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 48,529 |percentage = 28.19% |change={{decrease}}15.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kisan Jayaram Jamkar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,604 |percentage = 2.67% |change={{increase}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Motilal Bhaiyyalal Kasdekar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 4,334 |percentage = 2.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 3,567 |percentage = 2.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vasudeo Santu Dhikar |party=Ambedkarite Party of India |votes = 2,641 |percentage = 1.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,979 |percentage = 1.15% |change= {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 175,765 |percentage = 68.26% |change= {{decrease}}1.31 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 172,133}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 257,479|ref = |change= {{increase}}20.01 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}10.39 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 63,619 |percentage = 43.51% |change={{increase}}0.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 62,909 |percentage = 43.02% |change={{decrease}}2.96 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Ravikumar Ramkisan Patel |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,886 |percentage = 4.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mawaskar Hiralal Sakharam |party=Jan Surajya Shakti |votes = 5,346 |percentage = 3.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bethekar Munna Balaji |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,614 |percentage = 1.79% |change={{decrease}}2.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Punaji Subhaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,919 |percentage = 1.31% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mawaskar Patlya Langda |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,512 |percentage = 1.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 710 |percentage = 0.49% |change= {{decrease}}2.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 146,259 |percentage = 68.17% |change= {{increase}}6.55 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 146,231}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 214,543|ref = |change= {{decrease}}0.95 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.47 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 61,354 |percentage = 45.98% |change={{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 57,582 |percentage = 43.15% |change={{increase}}5.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Surajsingh Mohansingh Kumare |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 6,006 |percentage = 4.50% |change={{increase}}4.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mavaskar Anil Ganaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,615 |percentage = 3.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Ramchandra Gavande (Dahikar) |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,074 |percentage = 1.55% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tulshiram Alies Mahadeo Dhurve |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 1,043 |percentage = 0.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,772 |percentage = 2.83% |change= {{decrease}}0.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 133,532 |percentage = 61.65% |change= {{increase}}5.88 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 133,434}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 216,597|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.40 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}4.93 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 43,698 |percentage = 41.06% |change={{increase}}11.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 40,363 |percentage = 37.92% |change={{increase}}24.07 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Ramesh Raikwar |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 14,533 |percentage = 13.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dayaram Sanu Kale |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,401 |percentage = 6.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,335 |percentage = 3.13% |change= {{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 119,561 |percentage = 62.60% |change= {{decrease}}10.63 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 106,436}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 191,002|ref = |change= {{increase}}1.56 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}11.10 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patlya Langda Mavaskar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 37,377 |percentage = 29.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Rajkumar Dayaram Patel]] |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 32,209 |percentage = 25.81% |change={{increase}}22.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Independent politician |votes = 23,099 |percentage = 18.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kale Tulshiram Rupna |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 17,284 |percentage = 13.85% |change={{decrease}}27.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Buda Tepa Zarekar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 6,350 |percentage = 5.09% |change={{decrease}}1.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawarkar Ghanu Babu |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,015 |percentage = 2.42% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ganesh Khanu Mavashi |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,867 |percentage = 1.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,168 |percentage = 4.14% |change= {{decrease}}13.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 132,854 |percentage = 70.64% |change= {{increase}}23.80 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 124,789}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 188,066|ref = |change= {{increase}}18.66 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}11.71 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kale Tulshiram Rupna |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,098 |percentage = 41.66% |change={{decrease}}39.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramesh Raikwar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 16,186 |percentage = 24.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kisan Tane Kasdekar |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,826 |percentage = 10.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patiya Guruji |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,761 |percentage = 8.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Fulkai Buda Bhilavekar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 4,110 |percentage = 6.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mamta Tai Netam |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,476 |percentage = 3.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dashrath Rajaram Shilaskar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,177 |percentage = 1.75% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,912 |percentage = 17.66% |change= {{decrease}}51.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 69,775 |percentage = 44.02% |change= {{increase}}0.84 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 67,439}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 158,497|ref = |change= {{increase}}33.47 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}39.99 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 40,441 |percentage = 81.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hiralal Onkar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 6,348 |percentage = 12.82% |change={{increase}}1.74 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Maujilal Tumla |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,482 |percentage = 2.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhujang Ramji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,254 |percentage = 2.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 34,093 |percentage = 68.84% |change= {{increase}}23.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 51,368 |percentage = 43.26% |change= {{decrease}}2.84 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 49,525}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 118,748|ref = |change= {{increase}}13.21 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}14.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Nanu |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 31,420 |percentage = 67.24% |change={{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,131 |percentage = 21.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sarage Hiralal Onkar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 5,174 |percentage = 11.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 21,289 |percentage = 45.56% |change= {{increase}}9.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 48,503 |percentage = 46.24% |change= {{decrease}}14.33 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 46,725}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 104,895|ref = |change= {{increase}}7.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}6.16 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Patel Ramu Mhatang |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 34,998 |percentage = 61.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sarage Hiralal Onkar |party=Janata Party |votes = 14,444 |percentage = 25.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mortiram Nanu Patel |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 7,849 |percentage = 13.70% |change={{decrease}}52.35 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,554 |percentage = 35.88% |change= {{increase}}3.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 60,633 |percentage = 62.31% |change= {{increase}}0.66 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 57,291}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 97,307|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.32 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}4.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Ramu Mhatang Patel |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 34,542 |percentage = 66.05% |change={{increase}}10.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Nanu |party=Independent politician |votes = 17,756 |percentage = 33.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 16,786 |percentage = 32.10% |change= {{increase}}15.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 55,530 |percentage = 61.82% |change= {{increase}}9.61 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 52,298}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 89,832|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.45 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.99 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=D. N. Patel |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,004 |percentage = 55.06% |change={{increase}}10.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. Chinu |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 14,602 |percentage = 38.28% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=B. Amalya |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,544 |percentage = 6.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 6,402 |percentage = 16.78% |change= {{increase}}5.96 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,756 |percentage = 53.20% |change= {{decrease}}14.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,150}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,488|ref = |change= {{decrease}}6.40 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}0.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Mamraj Jagannath Khandelwal |party=Independent politician |votes = 29,403 |percentage = 55.41% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Girjabai W/O Shanharrao Watane |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,661 |percentage = 44.59% |change={{decrease}}4.41 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,742 |percentage = 10.82% |change= {{decrease}}11.45 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 57,164 |percentage = 68.17% |change= {{increase}}8.08 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 53,064}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,858|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.41 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Gawande Kokilabai Jagannath |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 18,448 |percentage = 49.00% |change={{increase}}13.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khandelwal Mamraj Jagannath |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,063 |percentage = 26.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Farkade Dadharao Laxmanrao |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 2,812 |percentage = 7.47% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Nandorkar Bhagwatrao Shioramji |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,641 |percentage = 7.01% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shrivastava Mahadeoprasad Vinayakrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,378 |percentage = 3.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagannath Rasuddin |party=Independent politician |votes = 680 |percentage = 1.81% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhari Narayanrao Krishnaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 663 |percentage = 1.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,385 |percentage = 22.27% |change= {{increase}}9.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 37,651 |percentage = 55.20% |change= {{increase}}6.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 37,651}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 68,214|ref = |change= {{increase}}35.15 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}13.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1952===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] : Melghat<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_MP.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221154/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatisticalReports_51_MP.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Balkrishna Mulchand Bhandari |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 8,668 |percentage = 35.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Babu Bidu Olangrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,614 |percentage = 22.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gangaram Raoji Bodkhe |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,817 |percentage = 19.66% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mamraj Jagannath Khandelwal |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,879 |percentage = 7.67% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagannath Sitaram Akaite |party=Scheduled Castes Federation |votes = 1,076 |percentage = 4.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Trimbukrao Kashirao Ulhe |party=Independent politician |votes = 735 |percentage = 3.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vithalpuri Lawangpuri |party=Communist Party of India |votes = 716 |percentage = 2.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,054 |percentage = 12.46% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 24,502 |percentage = 48.55% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 24,502}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,471|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Melghat]]
*[[Dharni, Amravati]]

==Notes==
<references/>

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|21.35|77.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Amravati district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Yam Hain Hum

2026-04-13T17:18:55Z

CaseyBroderick: info

{{Short description|Indian sitcom series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Fantasy]] [[Comedy]]
| creator =
| based_on =
| developer =
| writer = Amit Senchoudhary Nitin Keswani Shailendra R. Kumar Rishabh Sharma
| director = Rajan Waghdhare
| creative_director = Rishi Srivastava
| presenter =
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| voices =
| narrated =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 283
| num_seasons = 1
| executive_producer =
| producer = Siddharth Tewary Gayatri Gill Tewary
| editor =
| location =
| cinematography =
| camera =
| runtime = 24 minutes
| company = [[Swastik Pictures]]
| channel = [[SAB TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2014|12|15}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2016|1|15}}
| related =
}}

'''''Yam Hain Hum''''' is an Indian [[fantasy]] [[situation comedy]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/programmes//params/tvprogramme/programmeid-30000000549983130|title=TV Serial & New Episodes On – Latest News, Photos & Videos|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/After-seeing-Yam-Hain-Hum-people-wont-fear-Yamraj-anymore/articleshow/45512224.cms|title=After seeing Yam Hain Hum, people won't fear Yamraj anymore - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 June 2015 }}</ref> on [[Sony SAB|SAB TV]]. It starred [[Manav Gohil]], [[Atul Parchure]], [[Fenil Umrigar]] and [[Debina Bonnerjee]].

==Plot==
In his home in Yamlok, [[Yamraj]], the god of death, discovers that the people on Earth misunderstand him as a scary villain who takes away lives. Determined to show everyone that he has a good soul, Yam descends to [[Delhi]] from Heaven with [[Chitragupt]], the god who tracks whether the deeds humans do during their life are good or bad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yamraj-inspires-a-comedy-show-Yam-Hain-Hum/articleshow/45348262.cms|title=Yamraj inspires a comedy show 'Yam Hain Hum' - Times of India ►|website=The Times of India|date=3 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/yam-hain-hum-heads-to-mumbai/|title='Yam Hain Hum' heads to Mumbai|date=19 March 2015}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
{{div col}}
*[[Manav Gohil]] as [[Yama|Yamraj]]
*[[Fenil Umrigar]]/[[Debina Bonnerjee]] as Dhurmona<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yam-and-Dhumorna-help-Bhaiyaji-find-his-love-in-the-tv-show/articleshow/48543238.cms|title=Yam and Dhumorna help Bhaiyaji find his love in the tv show - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=20 August 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Atul Parchure]] as [[Chitragupta|Chitragupt]]
{{div col end}}

===Recurring===
{{div col}}
*Indresh Malik as Baldev Kapoor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Yam-Hain-Hum-Yamraj-tries-to-sell-life-insurance-policies/articleshow/46095987.cms|title=Yam Hain Hum: Yamraj tries to sell life insurance policies - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=3 February 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Bharati Kumar]] as Sheena
*Rini Chandra as Riya Chaudhary
*[[Ashcharya Shetty]] as Bindiya Kapoor
*[[Rashmi Gupta /Farhina Parvez]] as Shikha Kapoor
*[[Anirudh Dave]] as Laalu Singh/Bhayyaji<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aniruddh-Dave-turns-Bhaiyaji-in-Yam-Hain-Hum/articleshow/47172328.cms|title=Aniruddh Dave turns Bhaiyaji in 'Yam Hain Hum' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=6 May 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Raju Kher]] as Papaji/Satyajeet Kapoor
*[[Raanveer Chahal]] as Kishore insurance
*Niharika Kundra as Manju Chaudhary
*Alekh Sangal as Chaman
*Aashutosh semwal as Rohit
*[[Perneet Chauhan]] as Jhelo
*[[Sunayana Fozdar]] as Monika
*[[Neyha Sharma]] as Divya
*[[Deepshikha Nagpal]] as Badi Bindu<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Deepshika-to-play-a-ghost-in-Yam-Hain-Hum/articleshow/47769516.cms|title=Deepshika to play a ghost in 'Yam Hain Hum' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=23 June 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Vikas Grover]] as Chunky
* [[Piya Chaubey]] as Tina
* Rocky Verma as Director
* [[Jitender Singh Chaudhary]] as Jewellery Thief
*[[Samiksha Bhatnagar]] as Parampara
* Jiten Mukhi as College Principal
* [[Fenil Umrigar]] as Sridevi / Dhumorna
* [[Tiao Sadhil Kapoor]] as Chota Narad
*[[Simple Kaul]] as Iravati Shobhavati<ref name="Times-2015">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chitragupt-to-have-two-wives-now/articleshow/48884714.cms|title=Chitragupt to have two wives now - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=10 September 2015 }}</ref>
*[[Kajal Jain]] as Nandini Shobhavati<ref name="Times-2015"/>
* [[V.I.P. Comedian]] as himself
*[[Rajkumar Kanojia]] as Fake Blind Man
*Vijay D Baldani as [[Narada]]
*[[Navina Bole]] as Meneka
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{SAB TV Programmes}}

[[Category:2014 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Indian television series about Hindu deities]]
[[Category:Indian television sitcoms]]
[[Category:Sony SAB original programming]]
[[Category:Swastik Productions television series]]
[[Category:Television series about shapeshifting]]
[[Category:Television series set in the 2010s]]
[[Category:Television shows about magic (supernatural)]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Delhi]]
[[Category:Yama in popular culture]]

Elvera Britto

2026-04-13T02:48:13Z

CaseyBroderick: stub

{{Short description|Indian women's field hockey player (1940–2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Elvera Britto
| image = Photo of Elvera Britto.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1940|06|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bangalore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|04|26|1940|06|15|df=y}}
| death_place = Bangalore, [[Karnataka]], India
| position =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Mysore
| nationalyears1 = –1967
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
}}

'''Elvera Britto''' (15 June 1940{{Spaced en dash}}26 April 2022) was an Indian [[field hockey]] player who captained the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women's hockey team]] and the [[Mysore State|Mysore state]]'s team. She captained the Mysore team for eight consecutive national titles between 1960 and 1967. Britto received the [[Arjuna Award]], India's second highest sporting honor, in 1965.

Britto also served as a president of the Karnataka State Women's Hockey Association and a selector for the national women's team.

== Early life ==
Britto was born on 15 June 1940 into an [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian family]] in [[Cooke Town]], a suburb in the Indian city of [[Bangalore]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Kiran |first=Sidney |date=26 April 2022 |title=Elvera Britto, trend-setting champion of women's hockey |language=en |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/elvera-britto-trend-setting-champion-of-womens-hockey-1104085.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430174928/https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/elvera-britto-trend-setting-champion-of-womens-hockey-1104085.html |archive-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> She was the eldest of four sisters, three of whom would go on to represent the country as a member of the national women's hockey team. In her younger days, Britto participated in multiple sports, including cricket, swimming, and football.<ref name=":3" /> She studied at the St. Francis Xavier Girls High School in Bangalore.<ref name=":4" />

== Career ==
Britto started playing hockey when she was 13 and went on to become captain of the [[Mysore State]] women's hockey team.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Elvera Britto, former Indian women's hockey team captain, dies at 81 |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/elvera-britto-indian-women-hockey-player-dies |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430174934/https://olympics.com/en/news/elvera-britto-indian-women-hockey-player-dies |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> As captain between 1960 and 1967, she led the team to win national titles for eight consecutive years.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Achal |first=Ashwin |title=Former India women's hockey team captain Elvera Britto passes away |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/elvera-britto-passes-away-former-india-womens-hockey-team-captain/article38480372.ece |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=Sportstar |date=26 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426124218/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/elvera-britto-passes-away-former-india-womens-hockey-team-captain/article38480372.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Along with her sisters, Rita and Mae, the Britto sisters were considered a 'formidable trio' in the Indian national and Mysore state teams.<ref name=":0" /> She represented India in games against Australia, Japan, and Sri Lanka.<ref name=":2" />

She became the second women's hockey player to receive India's [[Arjuna Award]] when she won it in 1965.{{Efn|Indian newspapers ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' and ''[[The Times of India]]'' indicate that Britto won the [[Arjuna Award]] in 1966, however, Britto won the award in 1965.<ref>{{Cite news |title=LIST OF ARJUNA AWARDEES (1961 to 2018) |work=Government of India |url=https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718084523/https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/LIST%20OF%20ARJUNA%20AWARDEES.docx%2061%20-%2017_0_0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<ref name=":0" /> Earlier, [[Anne Lumsden]] had won the award in its inaugural year in 1961.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |agency=PTI |date=26 April 2022 |title=Former women's hockey team captain Elvera Britto dies aged 81 |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/former-womens-hockey-team-captain-elvera-britto-dies-aged-81/article65358378.ece |access-date=30 April 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426230540/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/former-womens-hockey-team-captain-elvera-britto-dies-aged-81/article65358378.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

After Britto's retirement from playing in the 1970s, she remained associated with the game as an administrator, serving as the president of the Karnataka State Women's Hockey Association for two terms over eight years.<ref name=":1" /> Britto's mother Latetia was one of the founding members of the association.<ref name=":4" /> Britto also served as a selector and the manager of the national hockey team, for over twelve years.<ref name=":1" /> Referring to the hardships of playing in the 1960s as an Indian women's hockey player, Britto's sister Rae would recollect that the Brittos would travel by third-class trains, cook their own food, and even stitch their own uniforms before a tournament.<ref name=":3" /> As an administrator, her focus was said to have been the revival of hockey interest in inter-school competitions arriving at the grounds before even the players, turning up in her [[moped]].<ref name=":4" />

== Personal life ==
Britto died on 26 April 2022 in [[Bangalore]] from a [[heart attack]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |first1=Manuja |last1=Veerappa |date= 27 April 2022 |title=Elvera Britto, doyenne of women's hockey, no more |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/elvera-britto-doyenne-of-womens-hockey-no-more/articleshow/91117612.cms |access-date=30 April 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430174929/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/elvera-britto-doyenne-of-womens-hockey-no-more/articleshow/91117612.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She was aged 81.<ref name=":0" /> She remained unmarried during her lifetime.<ref name=":1" />

== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Britto, Elvera}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Anglo-Indian people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Deaths from coronary artery disease]]

Kesab Debbarma

2026-04-10T04:49:52Z

CaseyBroderick: created first pg first draft

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Kesab Debbarma
|image =
|office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
|term_start = [[2008 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|09 March 2008]]
|term_end = 2018
|predecessor = [[Ashok Debbarma]]
|successor = [[Birendra Kishore Debbarma]]
|constituency = [[Golaghati Assembly constituency|Golaghati]]
|birth_name = 1975
|spouse =
|birth_date =
|birth_place = [[Tripura]], India
|parents =
|party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|other_party =
|alma_mater =
}}

'''Kesab Debbarma''' is a politician from [[Tripura]]. Currently he is leader of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He was elected in 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/2008/golaghati-st/|title=Golaghati (ST) Tripura Assembly Election 2008|website=Latestly|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiavotes.com/vidhan-sabha/2008/tripura/196/25|title=2008 Vidhan Sabha / Assembly election results Tripura|website=India Votes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/tripura/assembly-constituencies/2008-election-results.html|title=Tripura Assembly Election Results in 2008|website=Elections India|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/tripura2008/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=edu|title=List of Winners in Tripura 2008|website=National Election Watch|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> and 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/tripura/2013/golaghati-st/
|title=Golaghati (st) Tripura Assembly Election 2013|website=Latestly|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/golaghati-tripura-assembly-constituency|title=List of all MLA from Golaghati Assembly Constituency Seat (Tripura)|website=Result University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/tripura2013/index.php?action=show_winners&sort=edu|title=List of Winners in Tripura 2013|website=National Election Watch|access-date=2023-01-04}}</ref> from Golaghati, becoming a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Debbarma, Kesab}}
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:People from Golaghat]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from Tripura]]

Manini (1961 film)

2026-04-07T09:27:33Z

CaseyBroderick: Added first data from scratch...

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Manini 1961.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Anant Mane]]
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Vyankatesh Madgulkar]]
| story = [[Mahadevshastri Joshi]]
| producer = D. J. Nayak E. Mohammad
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Jayshree Gadkar]]
*[[Chandrakant Gokhale]]
*[[Hansa Wadkar]]
*Indira Chitnis
*[[Ramesh Deo]]
*Vasant Shinde
*[[Sharad Talwalkar]]
}}
| cinematography = V. Bargir
| editing = Gangaram Mathaphode
| music = Vasant Pawar
| studio = Kala Chitra<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WsusgA3docgC |title=Mass Media in India |date=2000 |publisher=Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]] |isbn=978-81-230-0814-1 |language=en}}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1961|01|25}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manini |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/manini/movieshow/67653482.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}

'''''Manini''''' is a 1961 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language [[family drama]] film directed by [[Anant Mane]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0xFbIBhYS8gC |title=Yojana |date=1995 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |language=en}}</ref> and produced by Kala Chitra. The film stars [[Jayshree Gadkar]], [[Chandrakant Gokhale]], [[Hansa Wadkar]], Indira Chitnis, [[Ramesh Deo]], Vasant Shinde, and [[Sharad Talwalkar]]. At the 9th [[National Film Awards]] Manini Won [[National Film Award for Best Marathi Feature Film]].

Gadkar's portrayal as a modest and exemplary daughter-in-law assists the film in transplanting a neo-traditional set of values into the emerging urban middle class context.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manini (1961) |url=https://indiancine.ma/JZC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305131639/https://indiancine.ma/JZC/info |archive-date=2021-03-05 |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Indiancine.ma}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Malati defies her parents' wishes and marries Madhav, despite their differing circumstances. Battling bouts of depression while traversing life's journey, she occasionally finds solace. When her parents visit, Annasaheb derides her choices, urging her to leave with him, but she stands her ground. Despite receiving invitations to her sister's weddings, Malati and Madhav depart their home with heavy hearts, never to return. Ignoring subsequent invitations, they remain resolute. Malati lives out her days with unwavering determination.

== Cast ==

* [[Jayshree Gadkar|Jayashree Gadkar]] as Malati
* [[Chandrakant Gokhale]]
* Indira Chitnis
* [[Ramesh Deo]]
* [[Vasant Shinde (actor)|Vasant Shinde]]
* [[Sharad Talwalkar]]
* [[Hansa Wadkar]]
* Shanta Tambe
* [[Dada Salvi]]
* Appa Joshi
* [[Ratnamala (actress)|Ratnamala]]

== Production ==
The production of the film was completed at Shalini Cinetone in [[Kolhapur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=मानिनी |url=https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/manini-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421180600/https://www.marathifilmdata.com/chitrapat/manini-2/ |archive-date=2024-04-21 |access-date=2024-04-21 |website=Marathifilmdata.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Remakes ==
The film was adapted in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] as ''Maa Dikri'' directed by Krishnakant.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author2-link=Paul Willemen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&q=manini+anant+Mane |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |date=2014-07-10 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94325-7 |language=en |author1-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha }}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Manini
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Vasant Pawar
| released = 1961
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=19|s=54}}
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| label = [[Saregama]]
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|VwddWLGMMeA|Manini - Full Album}}
}}
}}
{{Track listing
| all_music = Vasant Pawar
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer (s)
| title1 = Are Sansar Sansar
| length1 = 3:46
| lyrics1 = [[Bahinabai Chaudhari]]
| extra1 = [[Suman Kalyanpur]]
| title2 = Are Khopya Madhi Khopa
| length2 = 3:01
| lyrics2 = Bahinabai Chaudhari
| extra2 = [[Asha Bhosale]]
| title3 = Dhartichya Khushimadhy
| length3 = 3:07
| lyrics3 = Bahinabai Chaudhari, [[G. D. Madgulkar]]
| extra3 = Suman Kalyanpur
| title4 = Vanvaas Ha Sukhacha
| length4 = 3:31
| lyrics4 = G. D. Madgulkar
| extra4 = Asha Bhosale
| title5 = Man Vadhay Vadhay
| length5 = 3:22
| lyrics5 = Bahinabai Chaudhari
| extra5 = Asha Bhosale
| title6 = Uma Mhane Yadyni Maze
| length6 = 3:10
| lyrics6 = G. D. Madgulkar
| extra6 = Suman Kalyanpur, [[Chorus (audio effect)|Chorus]]
| total_length = 19:54
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=0238405}}

[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:1960s Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Marathi-language family drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolhapur]]
[[Category:Marathi films remade in other languages]]

Nicolas Cage

2026-03-27T05:00:11Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|American actor (born 1964)}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Nicolas Cage Comic-Con 2011.jpg
| caption = Cage at the 2011 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]
| birth_name = Nicolas Kim Coppola
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|1|7}}
| birth_place = [[Long Beach, California]], U.S.
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|film producer}}
| years_active = 1981–present
| works = [[Nicolas Cage filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list
| {{marriage|[[Patricia Arquette]]|1995|2001|end=divorced}}
| {{marriage|[[Lisa Marie Presley]]|2002|2004|end=divorced}}
| {{marriage|Alice Kim|2004|2016|end=divorced}}
| {{marriage|Erika Koike|2019|2019|end=annulled}}
| {{marriage|Riko Shibata|2021}}
}}
| children = 3
| father = [[August Coppola]]
| family = [[Coppola family]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Nicolas Cage|Full list]]
| signature = Nicolas Cage signature.svg
}}
'''Nicolas Kim Coppola''' (born January 7, 1964),<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/07/UPI-Almanac-for-Monday-Jan-7-2019/6991546835238/?ur3=1|title= UPI Almanac for Monday, Jan, 7, 2019|publisher= [[United Press International]]|date= January 7, 2019|access-date= September 21, 2019|quote= actor Nicolas Cage in 1964 (age 55)}}</ref><ref name="Zt5bv" /> known professionally as '''Nicolas Cage''', is an American actor and film producer. He is the recipient of [[List of awards and nominations received by Nicolas Cage|various accolades]], including an [[Academy Award]], a [[Screen Actors Guild Award]], and a [[Golden Globe Award]] as well as nominations for two [[BAFTA Awards]]. Known for his versatility as an actor, Cage's work across diverse film genres has gained him a significant [[cult following]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sell |first=Paul R. |date=April 21, 2022 |title=To celebrate an unforgettable career, here are the 10 essential Nicolas Cage movies | The Spokesman-Review |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/apr/21/to-celebrate-an-unforgettable-career-here-are-the-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212161159/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/apr/21/to-celebrate-an-unforgettable-career-here-are-the-/ |archive-date=December 12, 2023 |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=www.spokesman.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/oct/02/mandy-nicolas-cage-the-most-maverick-actor-since-marlon-brando|title=Put the bunny back in the box: is Nicolas Cage the best actor since Marlon Brando?|date=October 2, 2018|first=Steve|last=Rose|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906144950/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/oct/02/mandy-nicolas-cage-the-most-maverick-actor-since-marlon-brando|archive-date=September 6, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Tafoya"/> Films in which he has appeared have grossed over $6.4 billion worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/person/520401-Nicolas-Cage#tab=acting |title=Nicolas Cage |website=the-numbers.com |access-date=October 31, 2025}}</ref>

Born into the [[Coppola family]], Cage began his career in films such as ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'' (1982) and ''[[Valley Girl (1983 film)|Valley Girl]]'' (1983), as well as various films by his uncle [[Francis Ford Coppola]] such as ''[[Rumble Fish]]'' (1983), ''[[The Cotton Club (film)|The Cotton Club]]'' (1984), and ''[[Peggy Sue Got Married]]'' (1986). He received critical success for his roles in ''[[Moonstruck]]'' and ''[[Raising Arizona]]'' (both 1987), before earning an [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] for the dramatic film ''[[Leaving Las Vegas]]'' (1995). He was Oscar-nominated for playing twins [[Charlie Kaufman|Charlie and Donald Kaufman]] in the comedy-drama film ''[[Adaptation (film)|Adaptation]]'' (2002).

Cage established himself in mainstream action films, such as ''[[The Rock (film)|The Rock]]'' (1996), ''[[Con Air]]'' (1997), ''[[Face/Off]]'' (1997), ''[[Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film)|Gone in 60 Seconds]]'' (2000), the [[National Treasure (franchise)|''National Treasure'' film series]] (2004–2007), the [[Ghost Rider (2007 film)|''Ghost Rider'' film series]] (2007–2011), and ''[[Kick-Ass (film)|Kick-Ass]]'' (2010). He also took on dramatic roles in ''[[City of Angels (film)|City of Angels]]'' (1998), ''[[Bringing Out the Dead]]'' (1999), ''[[The Family Man]]'' (2000), ''[[Matchstick Men]]'' (2003), and ''[[Joe (2013 film)|Joe]]'' (2013), voiced characters in ''[[The Ant Bully (film)|The Ant Bully]]'' (2006), ''[[Astro Boy (film)|Astro Boy]]'' (2009), [[The Croods (franchise)|''The Croods'' film series]] (2013–2020), ''[[Teen Titans Go! To the Movies]]'' (2018), and played [[Spider-Man Noir]] in ''[[Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse]]'' (2018), ''[[Spider-Noir]]'' (2026), and ''[[Spider-Man: Beyond the Spider-Verse]]'' (2027). He earned renewed critical recognition for his starring roles in ''[[Mandy (2018 film)|Mandy]]'' (2018), ''[[Pig (2021 film)|Pig]]'' (2021), ''[[The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent]]'' (2022), ''[[Dream Scenario]]'' (2023) and ''[[Longlegs]]'' (2024).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/08/07/enduring-strangeness-nicolas-cage |title=The enduring strangeness of Nicolas Cage |newspaper=The Washington Post |last=Nguyen |first=Terry |date=August 7, 2019 |access-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-date=July 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723144408/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/08/07/enduring-strangeness-nicolas-cage/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kinnucan |first=Trent |date=January 10, 2021 |title=A Tribute to Nicolas Cage: The Rise, Journey & Latest 'Adaptation' of Our 'Kick-Ass' 'National Treasure' |url=https://www.hollywoodinsider.com/nicolas-cage-tribute-journey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111200124/https://www.hollywoodinsider.com/nicolas-cage-tribute-journey/ |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |access-date=June 23, 2021 |work=Hollywood Insider}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=December 4, 2023 |title=Nicolas Cage Says He's Almost Finished: "Three or Four More Movies Left" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/nicolas-cage-retiring-movies-acting-1235709589/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204180859/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/nicolas-cage-retiring-movies-acting-1235709589/ |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |access-date=December 4, 2023 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref>

Cage owns the production company [[Saturn Films]] and has produced films such as ''[[Shadow of the Vampire]]'' (2000) and ''[[The Life of David Gale]]'' (2003), and has directed ''[[Sonny (film)|Sonny]]'' (2002). For his contributions to the film industry, he was inducted into the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 1998. He was ranked No. 40 in [[Empire (film magazine)|''Empire'']] magazine's The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list in 2007 and was placed No. 37 in ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]''{{'}}s 100 Most Powerful People in Hollywood in 2008. Nicolas Cage was also voted one of the 50 greatest actors of all time in a 2022 readers' poll by ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 20, 2022 |title=Empire's 50 Greatest Actors Of All Time List, Revealed |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-actors/ |access-date=September 25, 2024 |magazine=Empire}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Cage was born in [[Long Beach, California]], to [[August Coppola]], a professor of literature, and Joy Vogelsang, a dancer and choreographer. He was raised in a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] family. His father was of Italian descent and his mother was of mainly German and Polish descent with some English and Scottish ancestry on her father's side.<ref name="MSQa6" /><ref name="fennell" /><ref name="pexNq" /> His paternal grandparents were composer [[Carmine Coppola]] and actress [[Italia Pennino]], and his paternal great-grandparents were immigrants from [[Bernalda]], Basilicata.<ref name="cowie" /> Through his father, he is a nephew of both director [[Francis Ford Coppola]] and actress [[Talia Shire]], and a cousin of directors [[Roman Coppola]] and [[Sofia Coppola]], film producer [[Gian-Carlo Coppola]], and actors [[Robert Schwartzman|Robert]] and [[Jason Schwartzman]].<ref name="Bkxdm" /><ref name="XRDiv" />

Cage is the youngest of three sons. His two brothers are New York radio personality [[Marc Coppola (actor)|Marc "The Cope" Coppola]] and director [[Christopher Coppola]]. He attended [[Beverly Hills High School]],<ref name="6f4NO" /> which is known for its many alumni who became entertainers. He aspired to act from an early age and also attended [[UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television]]. His first non-cinematic acting experience was in a school production of ''[[Golden Boy (play)|Golden Boy]]''.<ref name="VloOK" /> He said he started acting because he "wanted to be [[James Dean]]. I saw him in ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'', ''[[East of Eden (film)|East of Eden]]''. Nothing affected me—no rock song, no classical music—the way Dean affected me in ''Eden''. It blew my mind. I was like, 'That's what I want to do'."<ref name="Qpcsl" />

At age 15, he tried to convince his uncle, Francis Ford Coppola, to give him a [[screen test]], telling him "I'll show you acting." His outburst was met with "silence in the car."<ref name="Ch7cf" /> By this stage of his career, Coppola had already directed [[Marlon Brando]], [[Al Pacino]], [[Gene Hackman]] and [[Robert De Niro]]. Although early in his career Cage appeared in some of his uncle's films, he changed his name to Nicolas Cage to avoid the appearance of [[nepotism]] as Coppola's nephew. His choice of name was inspired by the [[Marvel Comics]] superhero [[Luke Cage]] and composer [[John Cage]].<ref name="nytimes-1996">{{cite news|title=Nicholas Cage, The Sunshine Man|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/24/movies/film-nicholas-cage-the-sunshine-man.html|first=Ellen |last=Pall|date=July 24, 1994|access-date=March 21, 2022|archive-date=January 26, 2021|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164143/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/24/movies/film-nicholas-cage-the-sunshine-man.html}}</ref><ref name="bio" />

==Career==
===1981–1988: Early work and breakthrough===
Cage made his acting debut in the 1981 television pilot ''[[The Best of Times (1981 film)|The Best of Times]]'', which was never picked up by [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].<ref name="BestOfTimes">{{cite web |last1=Coffel |first1=Chris |title=The Tao of Nicolas Cage: The Best of Times |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-tao-of-nicolas-cage-the-best-of-times-7ef8bea4bcb3/ |website=[[Film School Rejects]] |access-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228221553/https://filmschoolrejects.com/the-tao-of-nicolas-cage-the-best-of-times-7ef8bea4bcb3/ |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |date=December 16, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> His film debut followed in 1982, with a minor role as an unnamed co-worker of [[Judge Reinhold]]'s character in the [[coming-of-age]] film ''[[Fast Times at Ridgemont High]]'', having originally auditioned for Reinhold's part.<ref name="Fast Times">{{cite web |author=Schutte |first=Lauren |date=February 14, 2012 |title=Nicolas Cage on Turning Down 'Dumb & Dumber,' Winning Another Oscar and the Movie that Made Him Change His Name |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nicolas-cage-ghost-rider-spirit-vengence-dumb-dumber-290688 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501164752/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nicolas-cage-ghost-rider-spirit-vengence-dumb-dumber-290688 |archive-date=May 1, 2012 |access-date=August 24, 2012 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> His experience on the film was marred by cast members endlessly quoting his uncle's films, which inspired him to change his name.<ref name="Fast Times" /> Cage's first starring role came opposite [[Deborah Foreman]] in the romantic comedy ''[[Valley Girl (1983 film)|Valley Girl]]'' (1983), in which he played a [[punk subculture|punk]] who falls in love with the titular [[valley girl]], a plot loosely inspired by ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]''.<ref name="ValleyGirl">{{cite news |last1=Spencer |first1=Ashley |title=When 'Valley Girl' (and Nicolas Cage) Shook Up Hollywood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/movies/valley-girl.html? |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315175136/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/movies/valley-girl.html |archive-date=March 15, 2022 |date=May 11, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was a modest box office success and has been branded a [[cult classic]].<ref name="Cult">{{cite magazine |last1=Sollosi |first1=Mary |title=''Valley Girl'' is, like, a totally ironic nostalgia trip: Review |url=https://ew.com/movies/movie-reviews/valley-girl-musical-remake/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105024348/https://ew.com/movies/movie-reviews/valley-girl-musical-remake/ |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |date=May 8, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> He auditioned for the role of Dallas Winston in his uncle's film ''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]'', based on [[S.E. Hinton]]'s [[The Outsiders (novel)|novel]], but lost to [[Matt Dillon]].<ref name="yv5r9" /> Cage, however, would co-star in Coppola's adaptation of another Hinton novel, ''[[Rumble Fish]]'', in that year.<ref name="s9u79" />

In 1984, Cage appeared in three period films, none of which fared well at the box office. In the drama, ''[[Racing with the Moon]]'' (1984), Cage featured opposite [[Sean Penn]] as friends who are awaiting deployment to the [[United States Marine Corps]].<ref name="RWTM">{{cite magazine |title=Racing with the Moon |url=https://variety.com/1983/film/reviews/racing-with-the-moon-1200426001/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416223214/https://variety.com/1983/film/reviews/racing-with-the-moon-1200426001/ |archive-date=April 16, 2022 |date=December 31, 1983 |url-status=live}}</ref> In Coppola's crime drama ''[[The Cotton Club (film)|The Cotton Club]]'' he portrayed a fictionalized version of mob hitman [[Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll]], earning praise from critic [[Paul Attanasio]] for "artfully [using] his few moments to sketch a brawny, violent thug."<ref name="CottonClub">{{cite news |last1=Attanasio |first1=Paul |author1-link=Paul Attanasio |title='Cotton Club': Coppola's Triumph |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/12/14/cotton-club-coppolas-triumph/068c926c-9d69-4463-bc44-ec4eb1ac152c/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809180633/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1984/12/14/cotton-club-coppolas-triumph/068c926c-9d69-4463-bc44-ec4eb1ac152c/ |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |date=December 14, 1984 |url-status=live}}</ref> His final release of the year was [[Alan Parker]]'s drama ''[[Birdy (film)|Birdy]]'', in which he starred with [[Matthew Modine]]. Cage lost weight for the role and had two of his front teeth pulled out to appear disfigured.<ref name="S&S">{{cite web |last1=Dargis |first1=Manohla |author1-link=Manohla Dargis |title=The method and madness of Nicolas Cage |date=June 1995 |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/method-madness-nicolas-cage |magazine=[[Sight & Sound]] |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |access-date=April 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826133619/https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/method-madness-nicolas-cage |archive-date=August 26, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite massively underperforming at the box office, the film, and Cage and Modine's performances, received positive reviews, with ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic [[Janet Maslin]] writing, "Mr. Cage very sympathetically captures Al's urgency and frustration. Together, these actors work miracles with what might have been unplayable."<ref name="Birdy">{{cite news |last1=Maslin |first1=Janet |author1-link=Janet Maslin |title=The Screen: Alan Parker's 'Birdy' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/21/movies/the-screen-alan-parker-s-birdy.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 16, 2022 |date=December 21, 1984 |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719172340/https://www.nytimesvies.com/1984/12/21/movies/the-screen-alan-parker-s-birdy.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1986, Cage starred in the little-seen Canadian sports drama ''[[The Boy in Blue (1986 film)|The Boy in Blue]]'' and his uncle's fantasy comedy ''[[Peggy Sue Got Married]]'' (1986) as the husband to [[Kathleen Turner]]'s character.<ref name="Tafoya">{{cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/features/the-whole-parade-on-the-incomparable-career-of-nicolas-cage|title=The Whole Parade: On the Incomparable Career of Nicolas Cage|date=May 25, 2021|first=Scout|last=Tafoya|website=[[RogerEbert.com]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621213622/https://www.rogerebert.com/features/the-whole-parade-on-the-incomparable-career-of-nicolas-cage|archive-date=June 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref><ref name="d4cjN" /> He then starred in the [[Coen brothers]]' crime comedy ''[[Raising Arizona]]'' (1987) as a dim-witted ex-con.<ref name="RaisingArizona">{{cite web |last1=Westbrook |first1=Caroline |title=Raising Arizona Review |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/raising-arizona-review/ |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=April 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228221555/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/a36287882/why-raising-arizona-has-the-best-opening-scene-of-any-movie/ |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |date=January 1, 2000 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cage's biggest breakthrough came in 1987 with the romantic comedy ''[[Moonstruck]]'', in which he starred alongside [[Cher]] as a hot-tempered baker.<ref name="bio" /> The film was a hit with critics and audiences alike, earning Cage a [[Golden Globe]] nomination for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]<ref name="Golden Globes">{{cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/nicolas-cage|title=Nicolas Cage|publisher=[[Golden Globe Awards]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308151042/https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/nicolas-cage|archive-date=March 8, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref> In his retrospective review, [[Roger Ebert]] wrote that he felt Cage's performance was worthy of an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]].<ref name="Moonstruck">{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |author1-link=Roger Ebert |title=Moonstruck |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-moonstruck-1987 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409113023/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-moonstruck-1987 |archive-date=April 9, 2022 |date=June 22, 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===1989–1994: Career slump===
In 1989, Cage starred in the black comedy ''[[Vampire's Kiss]]'' as a man who falls in love with a [[vampire]] and soon begins to believe himself as a vampire. The film was a major box office flop but has developed a cult following largely due to Cage's surrealistic and over-the-top performance appearing in [[Meme|internet memes]]. Critic [[Vincent Canby]] felt the film was "dominated and destroyed by Mr. Cage's chaotic, self-indulgent performance."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/02/movies/review-film-the-woman-he-adores-it-turns-out-is-a-vampire.html|url-access=limited|title=Review/Film; The Woman He Adores, It Turns Out, Is a Vampire|date=June 2, 1989|first=Caryn|last=James|author-link=Caryn James|website=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624191754/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/02/movies/review-film-the-woman-he-adores-it-turns-out-is-a-vampire.html|archive-date=June 24, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref> After filming the Italian drama ''[[Time to Kill (1989 film)|Time to Kill]]'' (1989) in [[Zimbabwe]], he starred in [[David Lynch]]'s romantic crime film ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]'' (1990) with [[Laura Dern]]. Cage was drawn to the project because he was "always attracted to those passionate, almost unbridled romantic characters" and it allowed him to impersonate one of his heroes, [[Elvis Presley]], in scenes in which he sang.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="Elvis">{{cite web |last1=Whipp |first1=Glenn |title=Nicolas Cage meditates on movies, music and what makes him happy |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/awards/story/2022-01-26/nicolas-cage-on-pig-elvis-dracula-and-his-career |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413211940/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/awards/story/2022-01-26/nicolas-cage-on-pig-elvis-dracula-and-his-career |archive-date=April 13, 2022 |date=January 26, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Wild at Heart'' received mixed reviews upon release, despite controversially winning the [[Palme d'Or]] at the [[1990 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web | title=Festival de Cannes: Wild at Heart | url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/164/year/1990.html | access-date=August 7, 2009 | work=festival-cannes.com | archive-date=January 19, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119153548/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/164/year/1990.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Cage would reunite with Lynch and Dern for the [[avant-garde]] concert performance ''[[Industrial Symphony No. 1]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/industrial-symphony-no-1/Film?oid=26323693|title=Industrial Symphony No. 1|website=[[Chicago Reader]]|date=April 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621231737/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/industrial-symphony-no-1/Film?oid=26323693|archive-date=June 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref>

Also in 1990, he starred as a helicopter pilot in the action film ''[[Fire Birds]]'', which was panned by critics and negatively compared to ''[[Top Gun]]'' (1986).<ref name="FireBirds">{{cite web |last1=Wilmington |first1=Michael |title=MOVIE REVIEW : 'Fire Birds' Aiming to Be 'Top Gun' With Helicopters |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-25-ca-131-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928124656/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-25-ca-131-story.html |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |date=May 25, 1990 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cage's next film, the erotic thriller ''[[Zandalee]]'' (1991), was released [[direct-to-video]] in the United States, where it did not receive a theatrical release.<ref name="Zandalee">{{cite web|url=https://www.avclub.com/nicolas-cagetastic-case-file-143-zandalee-1798217277|title=Nicolas Cagetastic Case File #143: ''Zandalee''|date=August 5, 2019|first=Nathan|last=Rabin|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621224732/https://www.avclub.com/nicolas-cagetastic-case-file-143-zandalee-1798217277|archive-date=June 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref> His "goofy '[[everyman]]'" performance in the romantic comedy ''[[Honeymoon in Vegas]]'' (1992) garnered some positive critical notices,<ref name="HoneymoonVariety">{{cite web |last1=McBride |first1=Joseph |title=Honeymoon in Vegas |url=https://variety.com/1992/film/reviews/honeymoon-in-vegas-2-1200430502/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216193114/https://variety.com/1992/film/reviews/honeymoon-in-vegas-2-1200430502/ |archive-date=February 16, 2022 |date=August 20, 1992 |url-status=live}}</ref> including from Roger Ebert, who defended Cage amidst some critics finding his acting "excessive" and earned Cage his second Golden Globe nomination.<ref name="Honeymoon">{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Honeymoon in Vegas |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/honeymoon-in-vegas-1992 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329175351/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/honeymoon-in-vegas-1992 |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |date=August 28, 1992 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Golden Globes" /> He hosted an episode of the variety show ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' to promote the film, his only time hosting the show.<ref name="SNL">{{cite web|url=https://people.com/tv/saturday-night-live-nicolas-cage-fans-draft-petition-for-him-to-host/|title=Fans Petition for Nicolas Cage to Host ''Saturday Night Live''|date=February 17, 2015|first=Sheila Cosgrove|last=Baylis|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621231846/https://people.com/tv/saturday-night-live-nicolas-cage-fans-draft-petition-for-him-to-host/|archive-date=June 21, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=June 24, 2021}}</ref>

None of Cage's three films in 1993—''[[Deadfall (1993 film)|Deadfall]]'' (directed by his brother [[Christopher Coppola|Christopher]]), ''[[Amos & Andrew]]'' and ''[[Red Rock West]]''—performed well at the box office.<ref name="RRW">{{cite web |title=Red Rock West |date=June 16, 1993 |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/red_rock_west |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-date=January 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129193729/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/red_rock_west |url-status=live }}</ref> The comedy ''[[Guarding Tess]]'' (1994) paired Cage with [[Shirley MacLaine]] as a [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agent protecting a former [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]]; however, it was dismissed as being derivative by some critics.<ref name="GuardingTess">{{cite news |last1=Howe |first1=Desson |title='Guarding Tess' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/guardingtesspg13howe_a0b038.htm |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924172842/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/guardingtesspg13howe_a0b038.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |date=March 11, 1994 |url-status=live}}</ref> He next starred alongside [[Bridget Fonda]] in the romantic comedy ''[[It Could Happen to You (1994 film)|It Could Happen to You]]'' as a cash-strapped police officer who offers to share his lottery winnings with a waitress and then the much-criticized box office flop Christmas comedy ''[[Trapped in Paradise]]'' with the ''Saturday Night Live'' actors [[Jon Lovitz]] and [[Dana Carvey]].<ref name="TrueStory">{{cite magazine |last1=Mark |first1=Lois Alter |title=Based on a True Story |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/07/29/based-true-story-2/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123035313/http://www.ew.com/article/1994/07/29/based-true-story |archive-date=November 23, 2015 |date=July 29, 1994 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TIP">{{cite web |last1=Hicks |first1=Chris |title=Film review: Trapped in Paradise |url=https://www.deseret.com/1994/12/6/20088841/film-review-trapped-in-paradise |website=[[Deseret News]] |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010094612/https://www.deseret.com/1994/12/6/20088841/film-review-trapped-in-paradise |archive-date=October 10, 2020 |date=December 6, 1994 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to Lovitz, Cage directed portions of the film because its director, [[George Gallo]], offered little direction.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rabin |first1=Nathan |author1-link=Nathan Rabin |title=My World of Flops Christmas Catastrophe Case File #169/The Travolta/Cage Project #42 Trapped in Paradise (1994) |url=https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2020/10/12/my-world-of-flops-christmas-catastrophe-case-file-169the-travoltacage-project-42-trapped-in-paradise-1994 |website=NathanRabin.com |access-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226163659/https://www.nathanrabin.com/happy-place/2020/10/12/my-world-of-flops-christmas-catastrophe-case-file-169the-travoltacage-project-42-trapped-in-paradise-1994 |archive-date=December 26, 2020 |date=October 12, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===1995–2003: Critical success and action star===
Cage's performance as a psychopathic criminal kingpin in the crime film ''[[Kiss of Death (1995 film)|Kiss of Death]]'' (1995) was seen by many critics as the film's strong point,<ref name="KoD">{{cite news |last1=Hinson |first1=Hal |title='Kiss of Death' (R) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/kissofdeathrhinson_c011b0.htm |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=June 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021113423/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/kissofdeathrhinson_c011b0.htm |archive-date=October 21, 2020 |date=April 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> but his most acclaimed performance yet came in the drama ''[[Leaving Las Vegas]]'' as an alcoholic screenwriter who falls in love with a prostitute in [[Las Vegas]].<ref name="UPI">{{cite web |title=Nicolas Cage wins best actor Oscar |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/03/26/Nicolas-Cage-wins-best-actor-Oscar/4695827816400/ |publisher=[[United Press International]] |access-date=September 27, 2023 |date=March 26, 1996}}</ref> The role won Cage the [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama]]. To prepare for the part, Cage [[binge drinking|binge drank]] for two weeks and studied footage of himself.<ref name="wenn">{{cite web |date=August 9, 2000 |title=Cage Did Serious Research For Alcoholic Role |url=https://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2000-08-09#celeb5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040705213238/https://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2000-08-09 |archive-date=July 5, 2004 |access-date=December 9, 2006 |publisher=[[World Entertainment News Network]]}}</ref>

In 1996, he starred alongside [[Sean Connery]] and [[Ed Harris]] in [[Michael Bay]]'s ''[[The Rock (film)|The Rock]]'', the first of a string of action films for Cage. In the film, he played an [[FBI]] chemical weapons specialist breaking into [[Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary|Alcatraz]] federal prison. ''The Rock'' was a box office and critical success, with journalist [[Alexander Larman]] stating the film "launched Cage into an unexpected vocation as an offbeat action star."<ref name="Rock">{{cite web |last1=Larman |first1=Alexander |author1-link=Alexander Larman |title=First Alcatraz, then Iraq: how The Rock became Michael Bay's weapon of mass destruction |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/first-alcatraz-iraq-rock-became-michael-bays-weapon-mass-destruction/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=September 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603041734/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/first-alcatraz-iraq-rock-became-michael-bays-weapon-mass-destruction/amp/ |archive-date=June 3, 2021 |date=June 2, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Next, he starred in ''[[Con Air]]'' and ''[[Face/Off]]'', two commercially successful action thrillers that were both released in June 1997. In ''Con Air'', Cage led an [[ensemble cast]] along with [[John Cusack]] and [[John Malkovich]]. [[Jerry Bruckheimer]], ''Con Air''<nowiki/>'s producer, offered the role to Cage after being impressed with his performances in ''Leaving Las Vegas'' and ''The Rock''. Cage accepted despite disappointment at not being offered the villain role.<ref name="ConAir">{{cite web |last1=Larman |first1=Alexander |title='Nothing was too insane': is Con Air the strangest action film ever made? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/nothing-insane-con-air-strangest-action-film-ever-made/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712143534/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/nothing-insane-con-air-strangest-action-film-ever-made/ |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |date=June 15, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebert felt Cage "[made] the wrong choice... by playing Cameron Poe as a slow-witted Elvis type who is very, very earnest and approaches every task with tunnel vision; it would have been more fun if he'd been less of a hayseed."<ref name="ConAirEbert">{{cite web |last1=Ebert |first1=Roger |title=Con Air |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/con-air-1997 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428141207/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/con-air-1997 |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |date=June 6, 1997 |url-status=live}}</ref> John Woo's ''Face/Off'' saw Cage and [[John Travolta]] star in [[dual roles]] as sworn enemies—a terrorist and an [[FBI agent]]—who both undergo [[face transplants]] to impersonate each other, requiring Cage and Travolta to switch characters. Both performances were praised by critics, with the [[BBC]] writing in their review "Travolta and Cage invest their dual roles with physical subtleties that reflect the other actor's character."<ref name="Face/OffBBC">{{cite web |last1=Glanville |first1=Martyn |title=Face/Off (1997) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/20/face_off_1997_review.shtml |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527203002/https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/20/face_off_1997_review.shtml |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |date=December 10, 2000 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After starring in these action films back-to-back, Cage decided to "return to more serious fare" in the romantic fantasy film ''[[City of Angels (film)|City of Angels]]'' (1998), a loose remake of the German film ''[[Wings of Desire]]'' (1987). Critics were split on the film and Cage's performance, with reviews ranging from describing him as "endlessly resourceful" to "[resembling] a serial killer more than an angel."<ref name="Levy">{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Emanuel |author1-link=Emanuel Levy |title=City of Angels |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/city-of-angels-2-1200453464/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=October 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511221750/https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/city-of-angels-2-1200453464/ |archive-date=May 11, 2023 |date=April 6, 1998 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Holden">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D02E2D9143DF933A25757C0A96E958260 |last=Holden |first=Stephen |title=Film Review; Heaven, He's From Heaven, But His Heart Beats So . . . |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 10, 1998 |access-date=July 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233752/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D02E2D9143DF933A25757C0A96E958260 |archive-date=August 8, 2017 }}</ref> [[Brian De Palma]]'s thriller ''[[Snake Eyes (1998 film)|Snake Eyes]]'', his second film of 1998, starred Cage as a corrupt detective.<ref name="SnakeEyes">{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=Todd |title=Snake Eyes |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/snake-eyes-2-1200454789/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019232937/https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/snake-eyes-2-1200454789/ |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |date=August 5, 1998 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film was met with mixed reviews, which were largely critical of its screenplay.<ref name="RTSnakeEyes">{{cite web |title=Snake Eyes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/snake_eyes |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=October 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315052221/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/snake_eyes |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cage starred in [[Martin Scorsese]]'s 1999 New York City paramedic drama ''[[Bringing Out the Dead]]''.<ref name="bio" />

Most of Cage's movies that have achieved financial success were in the action/adventure genre. These include ''The Rock'',<ref name="ROSLb" /> ''Con Air'',<ref name="IIr39" /> ''Face/Off'',<ref name="IIr39" /> and ''[[Gone in 60 Seconds (2000 film)|Gone in 60 Seconds]]'' (2000), with Cage as a retired car thief.<ref name="G60S" /> He took the lead role in the 2000 romantic comedy film ''[[The Family Man]]'', in which he played a man forced to deal with an alternate life that had a plot similar to the Christmas movie ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' (1946),<ref name="Nu4Bc" /> and the 2001 war film ''[[Captain Corelli's Mandolin (film)|Captain Corelli's Mandolin]]'' where he learned to play the mandolin from scratch for the part.<ref name="VzuSC" /><ref name="qPv3D" /> In 2002, he was again nominated for Oscar and Golden Globe best actor awards for his portrayal of real-life screenwriter [[Charlie Kaufman]] and Kaufman's fictional twin Donald in ''[[Adaptation (film)|Adaptation.]]''<ref name="zs0yv" />

Cage made his directorial debut in 2002 with ''[[Sonny (2002 film)|Sonny]]'', a low-budget drama starring [[James Franco]] as a male prostitute whose mother ([[Brenda Blethyn]]) serves as his pimp. Cage had a small role in the film, which received poor reviews and a short run in a limited number of theaters.<ref name="bio" /><ref name="PlstF" /> Cage's producing career includes ''[[Shadow of the Vampire]]'' (2000), the first effort from Saturn Films.<ref name="NunAn" /> He starred in [[Ridley Scott]]'s 2003 black comedy crime film ''[[Matchstick Men]]'', in which he played a con artist with [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]].<ref name="oJaCk" />

===2004–2011: Franchise films===
[[File:Nicolas Cage - 66ème Festival de Venise (Mostra).jpg|thumb|upright|Cage at the [[2009 Venice International Film Festival]]]]
In his second-highest-grossing film to date, ''[[National Treasure (film)|National Treasure]]'' (2004), Cage played an eccentric historian who goes on a dangerous adventure to find treasure hidden by the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]].<ref name="8PQYU" /> In 2005, two films he headlined, ''[[Lord of War]]'' and ''[[The Weather Man]]'',<ref name="JkCMP" /> failed to find a significant audience despite nationwide releases and good reviews for his performances.<ref name="yUV67" /> The 2006 remake of ''[[The Wicker Man (2006 film)|The Wicker Man]]'' was very poorly reviewed, and failed to make back its $40-million budget.<ref name="9dwnq" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://substreammagazine.com/2016/09/wicker-man-throwback/|title='The Wicker Man' remake is just as ridiculous even 10 years later|last=Monson|first=Leigh|date=September 1, 2016|website=Substream Magazine|access-date=February 25, 2020|archive-date=February 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125914/https://substreammagazine.com/2016/09/wicker-man-throwback/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In early December 2006, Cage announced at the Bahamas International Film Festival that he planned to curtail his future acting endeavors to pursue other interests. On ''[[The Dresden Files (TV series)|The Dresden Files]]'' for the [[Sci Fi Channel (United States)|Sci-Fi Channel]], Cage is listed as the executive producer.<ref name="oCe8A" /> The much-criticized ''[[Ghost Rider (2007 film)|Ghost Rider]]'' (2007), based on the [[Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze)|Marvel Comics character]], fared better, earning more than $45 million (the top earner) during its opening weekend and over $208 million worldwide through the weekend ending on March 25, 2007.<ref name="r114G" /> Also in 2007, he had a small but notable role as the Chinese criminal mastermind [[Dr. Fu Manchu]] in [[Rob Zombie]]'s fake trailer ''Werewolf Women of the S.S.'' from the [[B movie|B-movie]] [[double feature]] ''[[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]]'',<ref name="SW6ey" /> starred in ''[[Next (2007 film)|Next]]'', which shared the concept of a glimpse into an alternate timeline with Cage's previous film, ''The Family Man'',<ref name="N05jH" /> and reprised his role as a treasure hunter in ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title= 'National Treasure 2' Shooting Update|url= http://www.worstpreviews.com/headline.php?id=3596|work= Worst Previews|access-date= June 12, 2011|archive-date= October 11, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121011192924/http://www.worstpreviews.com/headline.php?id=3596|url-status= usurped}}</ref>

In November 2007, Cage was spotted backstage at a ''[[Ring of Honor]]'' wrestling show in New York City researching for the lead role for ''[[The Wrestler (2008 film)|The Wrestler]]''. However, Cage dropped out of production shortly afterward because he felt that he did not have enough time to prepare for the role and director [[Darren Aronofsky]] preferred [[Mickey Rourke]] for the lead role. Rourke would go on to receive an Academy Award nomination for his performance.<ref name="sescoops" /><ref name="283M0" /> In an interview with /Film, Aronofsky said of Cage's decision to leave the film that "Nic was a complete gentleman, and he understood that my heart was with Mickey and he stepped aside. I have so much respect for Nic Cage as an actor and I think it really could have worked with Nic but ... you know, Nic was incredibly supportive of Mickey and he is old friends with Mickey and really wanted to help with this opportunity, so he pulled himself out of the race."<ref name="slash" />

In 2008, Cage appeared as Joe, a contract killer who undergoes a change of heart while on a work outing in Bangkok, in the film ''[[Bangkok Dangerous (2008 film)|Bangkok Dangerous]]''. The film is shot by the [[Pang Brothers]] and has a distinctly South-East Asian flavor.<ref name="NWfpj" /> In 2009, Cage starred in the science fiction thriller ''[[Knowing (film)|Knowing]]'', directed by [[Alex Proyas]]. In the film, he plays an [[MIT]] professor who examines the contents of a time capsule unearthed at his son's elementary school. Startling predictions found inside the capsule that have already come true lead him to believe that the world is going to end at the close of the week and that he and his son are somehow involved in the destruction.<ref name="UAzWN" /> The film received mixed reviews but was the box office winner on its opening weekend.<ref name="aofOf" />

Also in 2009, Cage starred in the film ''[[Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans]]'', directed by acclaimed German director [[Werner Herzog]].<ref name="4qCph" /> He portrayed a corrupt police officer with gambling, drug and alcohol addictions. The film was very well received by critics, holding a rating of 87% positive reviews on review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]].<ref name="tomato" /> Cage was lauded for his performance, with [[Michael Phillips (critic)|Michael Phillips]] of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' writing "Herzog has found his ideal interpreter, a performer whose truth lies deep in the artifice of performance: ladies and gentlemen, Nicolas Cage, at his finest."<ref name="chitribune" /> This film reunited Cage with [[Eva Mendes]], who played his love interest in ''Ghost Rider''.<ref name="e2WRU" /> In 2010, Cage starred in ''[[The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 film)|The Sorcerer's Apprentice]]'', in which he played the sorcerer, and the next year, headlined the period piece ''[[Season of the Witch (2011 film)|Season of the Witch]]'', as a 14th-century knight transporting a woman accused of causing the [[Black Plague]] to a monastery.<ref name="sorcerer" /> In 2011, Cage reprised his role in ''Ghost Rider's'' sequel ''[[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance]].''<ref name="WzgFX" />

===2012–2017: Career setbacks===
[[File:Nicholas Cage(1).jpg|thumb|left|Cage at the 2011 [[San Diego Comic-Con]]]]
In 2013, Cage was involved in many projects. Notable films including animated film ''[[The Croods]]'', in which he voiced a character named Grug Crood. ''The Croods'' received positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success grossing $585 million against a budget of $135 million.<ref name="Lp7Gx" /> He starred as main character in ''[[The Frozen Ground]]'', a [[Thriller film|thriller]] [[Crime film|crime]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] film directed and written by Scott Walker in his [[List of directorial debuts|directorial debut]], based on the crimes of real-life Alaskan [[serial killer]] [[Robert Hansen]].<ref name="THRILL" /> The film, reunited him with Cusack, depicts an Alaskan State Trooper, played by Cage, seeking to apprehend Hansen, played by Cusack, by partnering with a young woman who escaped from Hansen's clutches. The film has received mixed reviews though Cage's performance was cited as a highlight and solid.<ref name="rottentomatoes" /><ref name="metacritic" /> He also starred in ''[[Joe (2013 film)|Joe]]'', an [[Independent film|independent]] [[crime film|crime]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed and co-produced by [[David Gordon Green]], adaptation from [[Larry Brown (author)|Larry Brown]]'s 1991 novel of the same name. In this film Nicolas Cage is a tormented man who hires a 15-year-old boy (played by [[Tye Sheridan]]) and protects him from his abusive father. The film premiered at the [[70th Venice International Film Festival]] on August 30, 2013,<ref name="ucBTb" /><ref name="b1GG8" /> with a subsequent screening at the [[2013 Toronto International Film Festival]].<ref name="TIFF2013" /> It was a [[Box office bomb|box office flop]], grossing only $2.36 million from a $4 million budget, but received critical acclaim from critics, who praised Cage's performance and Green's direction.

The 2016 black comedy ''[[Dog Eat Dog (2016 film)|Dog Eat Dog]]'', Cage's second film with [[Paul Schrader]], reunited him with [[Willem Dafoe]] (after ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]'') as a pair of ex-convicts hired to kidnap a baby.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Debruge |first1=Peter |title=Cannes Film Review: 'Dog Eat Dog' |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/dog-eat-dog-review-cannes-1201779495/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=June 25, 2018 |date=May 20, 2016 |archive-date=June 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625185210/https://variety.com/2016/film/reviews/dog-eat-dog-review-cannes-1201779495/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had its premiere as the closing entry for the [[Directors' Fortnight]] section at the [[2016 Cannes Film Festival]] on May 20, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/05/dog-eat-dog-willem-dafoe-video-paul-schrader-1201755927/|title=Willem Dafoe's Loose Cannon Crook in Paul Schrader's 'Dog Eat Dog' – Cannes Video|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Anthony|last=D'Alessandro|date=May 14, 2016|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=May 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516185700/https://deadline.com/2016/05/dog-eat-dog-willem-dafoe-video-paul-schrader-1201755927/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was released on November 4, 2016, in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2016/09/dog-eat-dog-trailer-nicolas-cage-willem-dafoe-paul-schrader-2-1201730596/|title='Dog Eat Dog' Trailer: Nicolas Cage and Willem Dafoe Go Wild In Paul Schrader's Crazy Heist Thriller—Watch|website=[[IndieWire]]|first=Kate|last=Erbland|date=September 26, 2016|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=May 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516185704/https://www.indiewire.com/2016/09/dog-eat-dog-trailer-nicolas-cage-willem-dafoe-paul-schrader-2-1201730596/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter Bradshaw]] of ''[[The Guardian]]'' gave the film four out of five stars, writing, "It's the right director for the right project and the result is Schrader's best for years: a lairy, nasty, tasty crime thriller built on black-comic chaos."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/may/20/dog-eat-dog-review-willem-dafoe-paul-schrader-ed-bunker-cannes|title=Dog Eat Dog review – Willem Dafoe is magnificently needy in Paul Schrader's tasty thriller|website=[[The Guardian]]|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=May 20, 2016|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=December 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229131720/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/may/20/dog-eat-dog-review-willem-dafoe-paul-schrader-ed-bunker-cannes|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Todd McCarthy]] of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' wrote, "A rare film to have been shot in Cleveland, ''Dog Eat Dog'' definitely looks like it was shot on the cheap but puts what it needs to up on the screen with vigor and wit."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/dog-eat-dog-cannes-review-896012/|title='Dog Eat Dog': Cannes Review|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Todd|last=McCarthy|date=May 20, 2016|access-date=May 16, 2019|archive-date=May 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518134750/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/dog-eat-dog-cannes-review-896012/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Cage starred alongside [[Selma Blair]] and [[Anne Winters (actress)|Anne Winters]] in [[Brian Taylor (filmmaker)|Brian Taylor]]'s horror [[comedy film]], ''[[Mom and Dad (2017 film)|Mom and Dad]]'',<ref name="rbDiE" /> which premiered in the Midnight Madness section at the [[2017 Toronto International Film Festival]]. It was released in theaters on January 19, 2018,<ref name="SfLOd" /><ref name="TwUPh" /> and received positive reviews from critics, with [[review aggregator]] [[Rotten Tomatoes]] defining his performance as "over-the-top."<ref name="FPMRU" /> Director [[John Waters]] appreciated the film, naming ''Mom and Dad'' as one of the best movies of 2018, placing it fourth on his personal top list.<ref name="oFVaJ" />

=== 2018–present: Critical resurgence ===
[[File:Festival de cinema de Sitges 2018 (30240292207).jpg|thumb|Cage at the 2018 [[Sitges Film Festival]]]]
In 2018, Cage starred in the action thriller film ''[[Mandy (2018 film)|Mandy]]'',<ref name="deadline1" /> which premiered on January 19 at the [[2018 Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="uTHv0" /> Nick Allen of ''[[RogerEbert.com]]'' praised the movie, writing that "for all of the endless feral performances that Cage has given, in movies good, bad and forgettable, Cosmatos' style-driven, '80s-tastic passion for weird worlds and characters takes full advantage of Cage's greatness, and then some."<ref name="XA6qF" /> In October, ''Mandy''{{'}}s producer [[Elijah Wood]] announced his intention to size up an Oscar campaign for Nicolas Cage and for composer [[Jóhann Jóhannsson]] (who died in February of that year)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://variety.com/2018/film/columns/johann-johannsson-cinema-soundscape-1202694619/|title = How Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson Helped Change the Genre Cinema Soundscape|last = Debruge|first = Peter|date = February 10, 2018|work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date = March 6, 2018|archive-date = February 11, 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180211020515/http://variety.com/2018/film/columns/johann-johannsson-cinema-soundscape-1202694619/|url-status = live}}</ref> but the film was disqualified because it was also released on Video On Demand on September 14.<ref name="mUi3M" /><ref name="ifioj" /><ref name="yxAGq" /><ref name="Ghppy" />

Later that year, Cage voiced [[Superman|Clark Kent / Superman]] in the animated film ''[[Teen Titans Go! To the Movies]]''. He had originally been slated to portray Superman in [[Tim Burton]]'s canceled Superman film, ''[[Superman in film#Superman Lives|Superman Lives]]'', in the 1990s.<ref name="JusticeLeague" /> He voiced an alternate [[Monochrome painting|monochromatic]] [[Marvel Noir|1930s universe]] version of [[Spider-Man Noir|Peter Parker / Spider-Man Noir]] in ''[[Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse]]'' (2018). Cage based his vocal performance on films of [[Humphrey Bogart]], [[James Cagney]], and [[Edward G. Robinson]].<ref name="uJYMs" /> On January 28, 2019, Viktor and Irina Yelchin premiered a documentary about their son [[Anton Yelchin]], ''[[Love, Antosha]]'', at the [[2019 Sundance Film Festival]].<ref name="QcKS0" /> The documentary was directed by Garret Price and contains various interviews with some of Anton's friends and collaborators such as [[Kristen Stewart]], [[J. J. Abrams]], [[Chris Pine]], [[Jennifer Lawrence]], [[Jodie Foster]], [[John Cho]] and [[Martin Landau]]. Cage starred as the Narrator of the film, reading various writings by Yelchin.<ref name="SKdF2" />

In December 2018, it was announced that Cage had signed to play the lead role for [[Richard Stanley (director)|Richard Stanley]]'s [[Color Out of Space (film)|''Color Out of Space'']], based on the short story "[[The Colour Out of Space]]" by [[H. P. Lovecraft]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Naderzad |first=Ali |date=January 23, 2019 |title=Richard Stanley is back in the saddle again, will direct 'Color out of space,' starring Nicolas Cage |url=https://screencomment.com/2019/01/stanley-color-space |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083416/https://screencomment.com/2019/01/stanley-color-space/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |publisher=Screen Comment}}</ref> This was Stanley's first feature film directed since his firing from ''[[The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)|The Island of Dr. Moreau]]'' (1996).<ref>{{cite web |last=Vlessing |first=Etan |date=January 25, 2019 |title=Nicolas Cage Nabs Lead in Sci-Fi Thriller 'Color Out of Space' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nicolas-cage-nabs-lead-sci-fi-thriller-color-space-1178325 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308091332/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/nicolas-cage-nabs-lead-sci-fi-thriller-color-space-1178325 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ''Color Out of Space'' premiered on September 7, 2019, in the Midnight Madness portion of the [[2019 Toronto International Film Festival]], where Cage was awarded for his role with the Creative Coalition's Spotlight Initiative Award.<ref>[https://www.screendaily.com/news/toronto-unveils-midnight-madness-discovery-tiff-docs-cinematheque/5141816.article "Toronto unveils Midnight Madness, Discovery, TIFF Docs, Cinematheque"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808142937/https://www.screendaily.com/news/toronto-unveils-midnight-madness-discovery-tiff-docs-cinematheque/5141816.article |date=August 8, 2019 }}. ''[[Screen Daily]]'', August 8, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/toronto-nicolas-cage-tells-spotlight-initiative-awards-art-is-healthiest-medicine-1237946/|title=Toronto: Nicolas Cage Tells Spotlight Initiative Awards Art Is "Healthiest Medicine"|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Christos|last=Tsirbas|date=September 8, 2019|access-date=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205071917/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/toronto-nicolas-cage-tells-spotlight-initiative-awards-art-is-healthiest-medicine-1237946/|url-status=live}}</ref> Following select preview screenings on January 22, the film was released in 81 theaters in the United States on January 24, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/11/color-out-of-space-trailer-nicolas-cage-hp-lovecraft-1202187736/|title='Color Out of Space' Trailer: Nicolas Cage Tackles H.P. Lovecraft in Trippy Alien Invasion Thriller|work=[[IndieWire]]|first=Kate|last=Erbland|date=November 8, 2019|access-date=November 22, 2019|archive-date=November 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108085639/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/11/color-out-of-space-trailer-nicolas-cage-hp-lovecraft-1202187736/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2018, it was announced that [[Sion Sono]] was working on his first overseas production and English-language debut, ''[[Prisoners of the Ghostland]]'', starring Nicolas Cage. Cage said the film "might be the wildest movie I've ever made."<ref name="CagePlot">{{Cite web |last=Nordine |first=Michael |date=December 14, 2018 |title=Nicolas Cage Calls 'Prisoners of the Ghostland' 'The Wildest Movie I've Ever Made' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/12/nicolas-cage-prisoners-of-the-ghostland-sion-sono-1202028122/ |access-date=November 15, 2020 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]] |archive-date=February 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209042033/https://www.indiewire.com/2018/12/nicolas-cage-prisoners-of-the-ghostland-sion-sono-1202028122/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Its plot revolves around a notorious criminal, Hero (played by Cage), who is sent to rescue the governor's adopted granddaughter, who has disappeared into a dark region called Ghostland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3644794/new-nic-cage-obsession-may-end-sion-sonos-action-horror-movie-prisoners-ghostland-images/ |title=Your New Nic Cage Obsession May End Up Being Sion Sono's Action-Horror Movie 'Prisoners of the Ghostland' |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]] |last=Squires |first=John |date=December 14, 2020 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-date=February 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218044251/https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3644794/new-nic-cage-obsession-may-end-sion-sonos-action-horror-movie-prisoners-ghostland-images/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had its world premiere at the [[2021 Sundance Film Festival]] on January 31, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sundance-film-festival-announces-2021-lineup-1234854059/|title=Sundance Film Festival Lineup Features 38 First-Time Directors, Including Rebecca Hall and Robin Wright|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|first=Peter|last=Debruge|date=December 15, 2020|access-date=December 16, 2020|archive-date=July 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701194411/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/sundance-film-festival-announces-2021-lineup-1234854059/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2020, it was announced that Cage would be playing the role of [[Joe Exotic]] in a scripted eight-episode ''Tiger King'' series, written and executive produced by [[Dan Lagana]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Benjamin |date=May 4, 2020 |title=Nicolas Cage to play Joe Exotic in Tiger King miniseries |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/may/04/nicolas-cage-joe-exotic-tiger-king-miniseries |access-date=July 10, 2020 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=July 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716192432/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/may/04/nicolas-cage-joe-exotic-tiger-king-miniseries |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced that the project was scrapped in July 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 14, 2021|title=Nicolas Cage's Tiger King TV drama scrapped by Amazon|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57833090|access-date=December 4, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204204531/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57833090|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, it was confirmed that Nicolas Cage would reprise his role as Grug in ''[[The Croods: A New Age]]'', which was released in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lesnick |first=Silas |date=September 9, 2013 |title=Nicolas Cage, Ryan Reynolds and Emma Stone Confirmed for The Croods 2 |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/108718-nicolas-cage-ryan-reynolds-and-emma-stone-confirmed-for-the-croods-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422033120/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=108718 |archive-date=April 22, 2014 |access-date=February 5, 2022 |work=[[ComingSoon.net]]}}</ref>

Cage produced and starred in the 2021 film ''[[Pig (2021 film)|Pig]]'', where he plays Robin "Rob" Feld, a former chef turned reclusive [[truffle]]-forager who must return to his past in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] in search of his beloved foraging [[Truffle hog|pig]] after she is kidnapped. Cage received critical acclaim for his performance and earned a second nomination for the [[Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roeper|first=Richard|date=July 14, 2021|title='Pig': Nicolas Cage skips the hamminess in an elegant story of pain and purpose|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2021/7/14/22577182/pig-review-nicolas-cage-movie-alex-wolff-truffle-adam-arkin|access-date=July 19, 2021|website=Chicago Sun-Times|archive-date=September 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914105221/https://chicago.suntimes.com/movies-and-tv/2021/7/14/22577182/pig-review-nicolas-cage-movie-alex-wolff-truffle-adam-arkin|url-status=live}}</ref> He gained further acclaim for portraying a fictionalized version of himself in the 2022 action comedy film ''[[The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent]]'' as well as for his portrayal of Paul, a professor who begins appearing in the dreams of others, in the 2023 ''[[Dream Scenario]]'', resulting in his fifth Golden Globe nomination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/nicolas-cages-unbearable-weight-gets-rare-perfect-rotten-tomatoes-score/|title=Nicolas Cage's 'Unbearable Weight' Gets Rare Perfect Rotten Tomatoes Score|work=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]|date=March 16, 2022|accessdate=April 23, 2022|archive-date=March 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319100218/https://www.maxim.com/entertainment/nicolas-cages-unbearable-weight-gets-rare-perfect-rotten-tomatoes-score/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McArdle |first=Tommy |date=January 7, 2024 |title=Nicolas Cage Celebrates His 'Surrealist' Birthday with Wife Riko Shibata at the 2024 Golden Globes |url=https://people.com/golden-globes-2024-nicolas-cage-celebrates-his-birthday-with-wife-rico-shibata-8423315 |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=Peoplemag}}</ref>

In the 2023 horror comedy film ''[[Renfield (film)|Renfield]],'' inspired by the 1897 [[Bram Stoker]] novel ''[[Dracula]]'', Cage portrays [[Dracula]] opposite [[Nicholas Hoult]]'s [[Renfield]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Simon |date=April 14, 2023 |title=Nicolas Cage Really Sunk His Teeth Into Dracula In 'Renfield' |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonthompson/2023/04/14/nicolas-cage-really-sunk-his-teeth-into-dracula-in-renfield/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Also in 2023, Cage was included as a playable character in the horror video game ''[[Dead by Daylight]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankhurst |first=Adam |date=May 17, 2023 |title=Nicolas Cage Is Playing Himself in Dead by Daylight |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/nicolas-cage-is-playing-himself-in-dead-by-daylight |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109183904/https://www.ign.com/articles/nicolas-cage-is-playing-himself-in-dead-by-daylight |archive-date=January 9, 2024 |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McWhertor |first=Michael |date=July 5, 2023 |title=Dead by Daylight adds Nicolas Cage as a playable Survivor |url=https://www.polygon.com/23784793/dead-by-daylight-nicolas-cage-dlc-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222220657/https://www.polygon.com/23784793/dead-by-daylight-nicolas-cage-dlc-release-date |archive-date=December 22, 2023 |access-date=January 10, 2024 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref> Cage reprised his role as [[Superman|Clark Kent / Superman]] in the 2023 film ''[[The Flash (film)|The Flash]]'' in a cameo appearance as an alternate version of the superhero.<ref name="Cage">{{Cite web |last=Sharf |first=Zack |date=May 24, 2023 |title='The Flash' Director Just Announced the Movie's Most Shocking Cameo That's Decades in the Making |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/the-flash-cameo-nicolas-cage-superman-1235623843/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524140320/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/the-flash-cameo-nicolas-cage-superman-1235623843/ |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |access-date=May 24, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Cage shot his scenes through [[volumetric capture]] and CGI was used to [[De-aging in motion pictures|de-age]] him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polowy |first=Kevin |date=November 1, 2023 |title=Nicolas Cage says his Superman cameo in 'The Flash' looked nothing like what he filmed, calls AI 'inhumane' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/nicolas-cage-criticism-superman-cameo-in-the-flash-ai-211519944.html |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=Yahoo Entertainment}}</ref>

In July 2024, Cage starred as the titular serial killer in the horror thriller film ''[[Longlegs]]'', which he produced.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lattanzio |first=Ryan |date=June 24, 2024 |title='Longlegs' Director Oz Perkins Says the Wild Marketing Campaign Is All Neon: 'I Would Be a Jackass to Take Too Much Credit' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/longlegs-marketing-osgood-perkins-1235019292/ |accessdate=July 12, 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> In August, Cage signed on to play legendary [[gridiron football]] coach and broadcaster [[John Madden]] in the [[Amazon MGM Studios]] film ''[[Madden (film)|Madden]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fleming |first1=Mike Jr. |title=Amazon MGM Sets Nicolas Cage To Play John Madden In David O. Russell-Directed 'Madden' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/08/nicolas-cage-plays-john-madden-in-david-o-russell-directed-madden-amazon-mgm-1236040617/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=August 17, 2025 |date=August 15, 2024}}</ref> Cage will headline the 2026 television series ''[[Spider-Noir]]'' for [[MGM+]] and [[Amazon Prime Video]], portraying a live-action version of [[Spider-Man Noir]], named [[Ben Reilly]], in an alternate 1930s New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Rourke |first=Ryan |date=December 3, 2025 |title=First ''Spider-Noir'' Poster Confirms Nicolas Cage Isn't Playing Peter Parker |url=https://collider.com/spider-noir-poster-nicolas-cage-playing-ben-reilly-not-peter-parker/ |access-date=December 3, 2025 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=May 12, 2025 |title=''Spider-Noir'' First Look: Nicolas Cage Suits Up as Live-Action ''Spider-Verse'' Hero in Prime Video Series |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/spider-noir-first-look-nicolas-cage-spider-verse-1236394880/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513004720/https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/spider-noir-first-look-nicolas-cage-spider-verse-1236394880/ |archive-date=May 13, 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

==Acting style and reception==
=== Nouveau Shamanic ===
{{Stack|[[File:Nicolas_Cage_at_Lincoln_Memorial.jpg|right|thumb|Cage on the set of ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets|National Treasure 2]]'']]|{{Quote frame|"The fine, ever-elusive art of Nouveau Shamanic"|quote=The fine, ever-elusive art of Nouveau Shamanic|author=Will Ashton|align=right|source=[[CinemaBlend]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2020|title=Upcoming Nicolas Cage Movies And TV Shows: Joe Exotic, Willy's Wonderland, And More|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2556806/upcoming-nicolas-cage-movies-and-tv-shows-joe-exotic-willys-wonderland-and-more|access-date=March 9, 2021|website=[[CinemaBlend]]}}</ref>}}}}

Nouveau Shamanic is a style of acting Cage developed. He has said it is to increase one's imagination without restraint, in avoidance of experiencing the sense of being ingenuous.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Whalen |first=Andres |date=August 7, 2019 |title=Nicolas Cage had different 'Wicker Man' ending in mind, offers 'nouveau shamanic' acting tips in new interview |url=https://www.newsweek.com/nicolas-cage-dream-wicker-man-ending-nouveau-acting-tips-new-interview-1453126 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref name="nyt"/>

{{Blockquote|text=The process itself is about: How do you augment your imagination in a healthy way? So that you can believe you're these characters... You don't feel like you're acting, you feel like you're being.|author=Nicolas Cage|source=}}

In the film ''[[Vampire's Kiss]]'' Cage moved from [[method acting]] to "Nouveau Shamanic". The scene where Cage recites the alphabet to his psychiatrist was a result of acting out of impulse.<ref name="nyt" /> ''[[Raising Arizona]]'' showcased the physicality of Nouveau Shamanic.<ref name="nyt" /> ''[[Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance]]'' is a display of how the method leads to impulse decisions fueled by an energy one could only garner naturally.<ref name="film">{{Cite web |last=Trussell |first=Jacob |date=July 3, 2018 |title=Nouveau Shamanic: The Enigmatic Style of Nicolas Cage |url=https://filmschoolrejects.com/nouveau-shamanic-the-enigmatic-style-of-nicolas-cage/ |access-date=March 8, 2021 |website=Film School Rejects}}</ref> Cage was asked if any of his numerous pets influence his acting, to which he replied "The cobras, definitely. They would try to hypnotize you by going side to side, and when I did ''Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance'', that's something my character does before he attacks. Animals are fun places to get inspiration."<ref name="nyt" />

=== Reception ===
{{Quote box
| quote = In Cage's hands, cartoonish moments are imbued with real emotion and real emotions become cartoons. Everything – from individual scenes down to single lines of dialogue – feel like they have been embraced as opportunities for creation. Cage is usually interesting even when his films are not. He is erratic and unpredictable; he is captivating and he is capricious. He is a performer. He is a troubadour. He is a jazz musician.
| source = —[[Luke Buckmaster]], ''[[The Guardian]]''<ref name="Buckmaster" />
| width = 22%
| align = right
| style = padding:8px;
}}

According to ''[[The Guardian]]'' film critic Luke Buckmaster, "any casual observer can see that Cage is entertaining, charismatic and wildly flamboyant." Attributing it partly to the "well-cultured" background of Cage's family, Buckmaster said the actor "is clearly attracted to grotesque characters and is celebrated for his wild and unhinged approach to them. He has the presence of a leading man, and the eccentricities of a character actor." Actor [[Ethan Hawke]] stated in 2013 that Cage is "the only actor since [[Marlon Brando]] that's actually done anything new with the art", crediting him for taking film audiences "away from an obsession with [[naturalism (theatre)|naturalism]] into a kind of presentation style of acting that I imagine was popular with the old troubadours."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1fq1h6/i_am_ethan_hawke_amaa/cacojck/|author-link=Ethan Hawke|first=Ethan|last=Hawke|title=I Am Ethan Hawke – AMAA|agency=[[Reddit]]|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=July 19, 2021|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319014520/https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1fq1h6/i_am_ethan_hawke_amaa/cacojck/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Italian cartoonist [[Zerocalcare]] dedicated a comic strip to Nicolas Cage, describing him as one of the incarnation of the outcasts of 90's films.<ref>
https://www.bestmovie.it/news/zerocalcare-nicolas-cage-e-i-reietti-degli-anni-90/649002/</ref>

Film director [[David Lynch]] described him as "the jazz musician of American acting."<ref name="Buckmaster" /> Many critics have accused Cage of [[overacting]].<ref name="Buckmaster" /> Others, including Cage himself, have described his intentionally extreme performances as "mega-acting".<ref name="d4cjN"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2017-01-31/nicolas-cage-takes-over-the-alamo/ |title=Nicolas Cage Takes Over the Alamo: Watch the mega-acting star perform Edgar Allan Poe |last=Whittaker |first=Richard |date=January 31, 2017 |website=Austin Chronicle |access-date=March 14, 2019 |quote=Yet what came out most was how Cage, whose reputation is for what has been dubbed mega-acting, takes his work incredibly seriously. |archive-date=February 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226235703/https://www.austinchronicle.com/daily/screens/2017-01-31/nicolas-cage-takes-over-the-alamo/ |url-status=live }}</ref> After the actor's series of mainstream-marketed thriller films during the late 1990s, [[Sean Penn]] told ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1999 that Cage was "no longer an actor" but "more like a performer."<ref name="6qg2h" /> Despite this, in his speech after winning the Oscar for his performance in ''[[Mystic River (film)|Mystic River]]'', Penn described Cage's performance in ''[[Matchstick Men]]'' as one of the best of 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aaspeechesdb.oscars.org/link/076-1/ |title=Oscar acceptance speech of Sean Penn |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |date=February 29, 2004 |access-date=May 14, 2014 |archive-date=June 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610214744/http://aaspeechesdb.oscars.org/link/076-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the 2010s, a growing number of critics described Cage as one of the most underrated actors of his generation.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://spectrumculture.com/2013/10/16/criminally-underrated-nicolas-cage/|title=Criminally Underrated: Nicolas Cage|magazine=Spectrum Culture|first=Alex|last=Peterson|date=October 16, 2013|access-date=March 23, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323203417/https://spectrumculture.com/2013/10/16/criminally-underrated-nicolas-cage/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/in-defence-nicolas-cage-2265796|title=In defence of Nicolas Cage|work=[[NME]]|first=Alex|last=Flood|date=March 18, 2018|access-date=March 23, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323203424/https://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/in-defence-nicolas-cage-2265796|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screengeek.net/2018/01/07/why-nicolas-cage-is-secretly-the-greatest-actor-ever/|title=Why Nicolas Cage Is Secretly the Greatest Actor Ever|publisher=ScreenGeek.net|first=Frank|last=Palmer|date=January 7, 2018|access-date=March 23, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323203417/https://www.screengeek.net/2018/01/07/why-nicolas-cage-is-secretly-the-greatest-actor-ever/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same years, his performance in various horror film, like ''[[Drive Angry]]'', ''[[Mom and Dad (2017 film)|Mom and Dad]]'', ''[[Mandy (2018 film)|Mandy]]'', ''[[Color Out of Space (film)|Color Out of Space]]'', ''[[Prisoners of the Ghostland]]'', ''[[Willy's Wonderland]]'', ''[[Arcadian (film)|Arcadian]]'',
''[[Renfield (film)|Renfield]]'', ''[[Dream Scenario]]'', and ''[[Longlegs]]'', made him a [[scream king]]. <ref>https://www.theringer.com/2024/07/09/movies/mia-goth-maxxxine-best-scream-queens-all-time-jamie-lee-curtis-janet-leigh</ref>

==Acting credits and accolades==
{{Main|Nicolas Cage filmography|List of awards and nominations received by Nicolas Cage}}
[[File:Nicolas Cage Walk of Fame.jpg|thumb|upright|Cage's star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]]]

For his contributions to the [[film industry]], Cage was inducted into the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 1998 with a [[List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars|motion pictures star]] located at 7021 [[Hollywood Boulevard]].<ref name="XS5H1" /><ref name="rUiMK" /> In May 2001, Cage was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts by [[California State University, Fullerton]]. He spoke at the commencement ceremony.<ref name="newsline" /> Cage has also been nominated for an [[Academy Award]] twice. He won an [[Academy Award for Best Actor]] for his role in the film ''[[Leaving Las Vegas]]'' in 1995. He was nominated for a second one for his role in the film ''Adaptation'' in 2002.<ref name="3JG2l" />

He also won a [[Golden Globe award]], [[Screen Actors Guild award]], and many more awards for ''Leaving Las Vegas''. He has received nominations by the Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and [[BAFTA]] for his films ''Adaptation'', ''Honeymoon in Vegas'', and ''Moonstruck.''<ref name="lZzQ0" /> He has also won and been nominated for [[List of awards and nominations received by Nicolas Cage|many other awards]].

==Personal life==
===Relationships and family===
In 1988, Cage began dating actress [[Christina Fulton]], with whom he has a son, Weston Coppola Cage (born in 1990). Weston has been the vocalist of two [[symphonic black metal]] bands, Eyes of Noctrum and Arsh Anubis. Weston also appeared in his father's film ''Lord of War'' as a helicopter mechanic, and in the 2014 film ''[[Rage (2014 film)|Rage]]'' as Nicolas' character's younger self. Through Weston, Cage has two grandsons born in 2014 and 2016.<ref name="O9Xpe" /> In July 2024, Weston was arrested for assaulting numerous people with a deadly weapon, including his mother; he was released on a $150,000 bond.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://people.com/nicolas-cage-son-weston-arrested-charged-assault-with-deadly-weapon-8676453|title=Nicolas Cage's Son Weston Arrested on Charges of Assault with a Deadly Weapon After Incident with Mom Christina Fulton|first=Jen|last=Juneau|publisher=People|date=July 11, 2024|accessdate=July 11, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tmz.com/2024/07/10/nic-cage-son-weston-arrested-allegedly-assaulting-mom-bruises-pictures/|title=Nicolas Cage's Son Weston Arrested on Charges of Assault with a Deadly Weapon After Incident with Mom Christina Fulton|publisher=TMZ|date=July 11, 2024|accessdate=July 11, 2024}}</ref>

Cage's first wife was actress [[Patricia Arquette]], whom he married in April 1995 and divorced in 2001.<ref name="xIsd8" />

His second marriage was to singer-songwriter [[Lisa Marie Presley]], daughter of [[Elvis Presley|Elvis]] and [[Priscilla Presley]]. (Cage, an Elvis fan, used Elvis as the inspiration for his performance in ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]''.) They married in [[Kamuela, Hawaii]], on August 10, 2002, and filed for divorce 107 days later on November 25, 2002. The divorce was finalized on May 24, 2004.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cage and Presley divorce made final |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/cage-presley-divorce-made-final-wbna5061500 |access-date=January 13, 2023 |work=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |date=May 26, 2004 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113013531/https://www.today.com/popculture/cage-presley-divorce-made-final-wbna5061500 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Cage's third wife was Alice Kim. They were married at a private ranch in northern California on July 30, 2004.<ref name="cYyYf" /> She gave birth to their son Kal-El in 2005.<ref name="bbc2005" /> They divorced in January 2016.<ref name="mhotx" />

In March 2019, Cage married Erika Koike in Las Vegas, only to file for annulment four days later,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.etonline.com/nicolas-cage-files-for-annulment-with-new-wife-4-days-after-getting-married-122338|title=Nicolas Cage Files for Annulment With New Wife 4 Days After Getting Married|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|first=Zach|last=Seemayer|date=March 28, 2019|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-date=May 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506110928/https://www.etonline.com/nicolas-cage-files-for-annulment-with-new-wife-4-days-after-getting-married-122338|url-status=live}}</ref> stating he was too intoxicated to understand his own actions and that Koike failed to disclose "the full nature and extent of her relationship with another person."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2019/08/07/nicolas-cage-erika-koike-marriage-4-days-i-pretty-upset/1944546001/|first=Hannah|last=Yasharoff|title=Nicolas Cage on split after 4-day marriage to Erika Koike: 'I was pretty upset'|newspaper=USA Today|date=August 7, 2019|access-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/annulment-documents-reveal-why-nicolas-cage-is-splitting-with-wife-erika-koike-after-four-days/JHQF6LJ3MM6BVM23OMX5QTI4XM/|title=Annulment documents reveal why Nicolas Cage is splitting with wife Erika Koike after four days|newspaper=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=July 9, 2024}}</ref> He was granted a divorce from Koike three months later.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Seemayer |first1=Zach |title=Nicolas Cage Officially Divorced From Ex-Wife After 4-Day Marriage |url=https://www.etonline.com/nicolas-cage-officially-divorced-from-ex-wife-after-4-day-marriage-122338 |access-date=August 13, 2018 |work=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |date=June 3, 2019 |archive-date=June 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607153535/https://www.etonline.com/nicolas-cage-officially-divorced-from-ex-wife-after-4-day-marriage-122338 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On February 16, 2021, Cage married Riko Shibata.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/nicolas-cage-marries-riko-shibata-las-vegas-ceremony|title=Nicolas Cage marries Riko Shibata, his fifth wife, in Las Vegas ceremony: 'We are very happy'|publisher=[[Fox News]]|first=Jessica|last=Napoli|date=March 5, 2021|access-date=January 8, 2022|archive-date=June 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607153536/https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/nicolas-cage-marries-riko-shibata-las-vegas-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Their daughter August was born in 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Nicolas Cage and Wife Riko Welcome First Baby Together, Daughter August Francesca|first1=Angela|last1=Andaloro|first2=Anya|last2=Leon|url=https://people.com/parents/nicolas-cage-riko-shibata-welcome-baby-girl/|access-date=September 9, 2022|magazine=People|date=September 7, 2022|archive-date=September 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908000617/https://people.com/parents/nicolas-cage-riko-shibata-welcome-baby-girl/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Political views and religious beliefs===
Cage grew up in a family of Catholic background, but he does not talk about religion publicly and refuses to answer religion-connected questions in his interviews.<ref name="fennell" /> When asked about whether he could relate to his character's lack of religious belief in ''Knowing'', Cage replied, "You know, any of my personal beliefs or opinions run the risk of impinging on your own relationship with the movie. I think movies are best left enigmatic. Left raising more questions than answers. I don't want to ever preach, so that's what you get from a movie; that's far more interesting than anything I could offer."<ref name="independentie2009" />

During his visit to [[University of California, Santa Cruz]], he stated that he is not a politically active actor and that he can do it in his work as he learned "more about [[nuclear power]] from the movie ''[[The China Syndrome]]''."<ref name="obP9C" /> Cage endorsed [[Andrew Yang]] for president during the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Bort |first1=Ryan |title=What Is Going on With Andrew Yang's Candidacy? |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/yang-gang-explained-810872/ |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=June 11, 2019 |date=March 20, 2019 |archive-date=August 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809100007/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/yang-gang-explained-810872/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

At one point in his life, Cage had decided that he wanted to develop the philosophical aspect of his nature, and he went on a quest to find the [[Holy Grail]]. Cage traveled to England to look for it, but also looked at some areas of the United States.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite magazine |last=Marchese |first=David |date=August 7, 2019 |title=Nicolas Cage on his legacy, his philosophy of acting and his metaphorical — and literal — search for the Holy Grail. |magazine=[[The New York Times Magazine]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/07/magazine/nicolas-cage-interview.html |access-date=January 30, 2023 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811161614/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/07/magazine/nicolas-cage-interview.html |archive-date=August 11, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 7, 2019 |title=Nicolas Cage Lived National Treasure by Searching for the Holy Grail |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/08/nicolas-cage-holy-grail-quest-interview |access-date=January 30, 2023 |magazine=Vanity Fair |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208020913/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2019/08/nicolas-cage-holy-grail-quest-interview |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Charitable activities===
Cage has been called one of the most generous stars in Hollywood.<ref name="rop7c" /> He donated $2 million to [[Amnesty International]] for them to use to offer rehabilitation shelters, medical services and psychological and reintegration services to some of the 300,000 children forced to fight in conflicts across the world.<ref name="nAazS" /> He has also donated $1 million to the victims of [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref name="MTigW" /> He became the first artist to support ArtWorks, an artist engagement program to raise awareness of fundamental rights at work, including freedom from slavery and from child labor.<ref name="Qe1kc" /> During 2023, while filming ''[[The Surfer (2024 film)|The Surfer]]'' in [[Western Australia]], Cage personally phoned in an [[Australian dollar|AU$]]5,000 donation to the [[Channel Seven Perth Telethon]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Van Aken |first=Elise |date=October 22, 2023 |title=Nicolas Cage donates $5000 to Telethon while in WA filming upcoming Hollywood blockbuster The Surfer |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/telethon/nicolas-cage-donates-5000-to-telethon-while-in-wa-filming-upcoming-hollywood-blockbuster-the-surfer-c-12286473 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022070229/https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/telethon/nicolas-cage-donates-5000-to-telethon-while-in-wa-filming-upcoming-hollywood-blockbuster-the-surfer-c-12286473 |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |access-date=October 22, 2023 |publisher=PerthNow}}</ref>

Cage has also been honored with a Humanitarian award from the United Nations for his works and appointed as a UN ambassador for Global Justice in 2009 and again in 2013.<ref name="p9yRD" /> He led a campaign around the film ''Lord of War'' to raise awareness about international arms control, supported "Heal the Bay", the [[United Negro College Fund]] efforts, and the [[Royal United Hospital]]'s Forever Friends Appeal to build intensive care units for babies.<ref name="hHMga" /><ref name="qLGcT" />

=== Interests ===
Cage, an avid comic book fan, auctioned a collection of 400 vintage comics through [[Heritage Auctions]] for over $1.6 million in 2002.<ref name="susman" /> In 2007, he created a comic book with his son Weston, called ''[[Voodoo Child (comics)|Voodoo Child]]'', which was published by [[Virgin Comics]].<ref name="MGsBx" /> Cage is a fan and collector of painter and underground comic artist [[Robert Williams (artist)|Robert Williams]]. He has written introductions for ''[[Juxtapoz Art & Culture Magazine|Juxtapoz]]'' magazine and purchased the painting ''Death on the Boards''.<ref name="issuu" />

=== Saturn Films ===
Saturn Films is a [[production company]] referred to by one source as "the production shingle of Nicolas Cage" and often referred to as "Cage's Saturn Films".<ref name=":01">{{Cite news |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=August 8, 2009 |title=Saturn's Golightly exits after 12 years |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |volume=410 |issue=48 |id={{Gale|A206392609}}}}</ref> Michael Nilon has been referred to as Cage's "producing partner through" Saturn Films.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=March 21, 2024 |title=Nicolas Cage's longtime agent says people don't realize how funny he is |work=[[Business Insider]] |id={{Gale|A787822684}}}}</ref> Norm Golightly was president of the firm for twelve years, ending in 2009.<ref name=":01" /> In 2001, Saturn was referred to as "Intermedia-based",<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=July 18, 2001 |title=Film Notes |work=[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]] |id={{Gale|A76619653}}}}</ref> suggesting it was part of [[Intermedia (company)|Intermedia]], which was defunct as of 2006.

===Real estate and tax problems===

[[Image:Neidstein Schloss1.jpg|thumb|[[Schloss Neidstein]] in Bavaria was owned by Cage between 2007 and 2009.]]
Cage was once considered one of Hollywood's highest-paid actors, earning $40 million in 2009 according to ''[[Forbes]]'', although he failed to make ''Forbes''' Top 10 List in 2014.<ref name="autogenerated1" /><ref name="94xP0" /> In 2004 he bought a property on [[Paradise Island]], Bahamas. In May 2006, he bought a {{convert|40|acre|ha|adj=on}} island in the [[Exuma]] archipelago, some {{convert|85|mi|km}} southeast of [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] and close to a similar island owned by [[Faith Hill]] and [[Tim McGraw]].<ref name="iFec3" /> He bought the medieval castle [[Schloss Neidstein]] in the [[Oberpfalz]] region in Germany in 2006 and sold it in 2009 for $2.5 million. His grandmother was German, living in [[Cochem|Cochem an der Mosel]].<ref name="zeitung" />

In August 2007, Cage purchased "Grey Craig", a {{convert|24000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} brick-and-stone country manor in [[Middletown, Rhode Island]]. With an estate occupying {{convert|26|acre|ha}}, the home has 12 bedrooms and 10 full bathrooms and overlooks the Atlantic Ocean. It borders the [[Norman Bird Sanctuary]] to the west. The sale ranked among the state of Rhode Island's most expensive residential purchases.<ref name="uZ1i6" /><ref name="2oA6n" /> Also in 2007, Cage purchased [[Midford Castle]] in Somerset, England.<ref name="hodgson" /><ref name="chittenden" /> Shortly after selling his German castle, Cage also put his homes in Rhode Island, [[Louisiana]], [[Nevada]], and California, as well as a $7-million island in the [[Bahamas]], on the market.<ref name="ZYHIk" />

On July 14, 2009, the [[Internal Revenue Service]] filed documents in New Orleans in connection with a [[tax lien|federal tax lien]] against property owned by Cage in Louisiana, concerning unpaid federal taxes. The IRS alleged that Cage failed to pay over $6.2 million in federal income tax for the year 2007.<ref name="houstonchronicle" /> In addition, the Internal Revenue Service had another lien for more than $350,000 in unpaid taxes dating from 2002 to 2004.<ref name="rodriguez" /> Cage filed a $20-million lawsuit on October 16, 2009, against his business manager, Samuel J. Levin, alleging negligence and fraud.<ref name="ruin" /> The lawsuit stated that Levin "had failed to pay taxes when they were due and had placed [Cage] in speculative and risky real estate investments 'resulting in (the actor) suffering catastrophic losses.{{'"}}<ref name="ruin" /> Cage also faced separate lawsuits from [[East West Bank]]<ref name="indiatimes" /> and Red Curb Investments for unpaid, multi-million dollar loans.

[[Image:1140 Royal Street.jpg|thumb|alt=Three-storey rectangular building|upright|The LaLaurie Mansion in [[New Orleans]] was purchased anonymously by Cage in 2007 and sold in 2009.]]

Samuel Levin filed a counter-complaint and responded to the lawsuit in a filing stating that he warned Cage that he was living beyond his means and urged him to spend less. Levin's filing states that "instead of listening to Levin, cross-defendant Cage (Coppola) spent most of his free time shopping for high ticket purchases, and wound up with 15 personal residences." Levin's complaint continued: "Likewise, Levin advised Coppola against buying a Gulfstream jet, against buying and owning a flotilla of yachts, against buying and owning a squadron of Rolls Royces, against buying millions of dollars in jewelry and art."<ref name="money.cnn.com" />

In his filing, Levin said that in 2007, Cage's "shopping spree entailed the purchase of three additional residences at a total cost of more than $33 million; the purchase of 22 automobiles (including 9 Rolls Royces), 12 purchases of expensive jewelry, and 47 purchases of artwork and exotic items."<ref name="money.cnn.com" /> One of those items was a dinosaur skull of a ''[[Tarbosaurus]]''. After discovering that it was [[United States v. One Tyrannosaurus Bataar Skeleton|stolen]], he returned it to the Mongolian authorities.<ref name="I0pa7" />

According to Cage, he owned the "Most Haunted House in America", a home located in the [[French Quarter]] of New Orleans, Louisiana.<ref name="letterman" /> Known as "The LaLaurie House" after its former owner [[Delphine LaLaurie]], the house was foreclosed and sold at auction on November 12, 2009, along with another New Orleans property for a total of $5.5 million, in the wake of Cage's financial problems.<ref name="foreclose" /> His [[Bel Air, Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home, which had six loans totaling $18 million on it, failed to sell at an April 2010 foreclosure auction despite an opening offer of $10.4 million, substantially less than the $35 million that Cage had originally tried to sell it for. The home, built in 1940 for $110,000 (equivalent to about ${{Inflation|US-GDP|.11|1940|r=1}} million in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}), had been owned at different times by [[Dean Martin]] and singer [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

The home eventually sold in November 2010 for $10.5 million.<ref name="beale2" /> Another home in Nevada also faced foreclosure auction.<ref name="foreclose" /> In November 2011, Cage sold his [[Action Comics 1|''Action Comics'' #1]] in an online auction managed by [[Heritage Auctions]] for a record-breaking $2.16 million (the previous record being $1.5 million), to assist paying his tax liens and other debts. Cage purchased the comic in 1997 for $110,000.<ref name="Gyd4X" /> The comic had been stolen from him in 2000, and Cage had received an insurance payment on the item. In March 2011, it was found in a storage locker in the [[San Fernando Valley]] and was verified by ComicConnect.com to be the copy sold to Cage previously.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/apr/10/simi-man-helps-recover-1-million-comic-book-from/ | title=Simi man helps recover $1 million comic book stolen from Nicolas Cage | last=Harris | first=Mike | date=April 10, 2011 | work=[[Ventura County Star]] | access-date=June 14, 2011 | archive-date=February 6, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206070419/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/apr/10/simi-man-helps-recover-1-million-comic-book-from/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Worth around $25 million by May 2017, Cage was reportedly "taking [film] roles left and right" in order to pay off his remaining debts.<ref name="Martin.Emmie" /> By 2022, Cage confirmed that he had finally paid off his debts and intended to be more selective with his film roles.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= Paiella |first= Gabriella |date=March 22, 2022 |title=Nicolas Cage Can Explain It All |url=https://www.gq.com/story/nicolas-cage-april-cover-profile |access-date=May 25, 2024 |magazine=[[GQ]]}}</ref>

===Legal issues===
[[Kathleen Turner]] wrote in her 2008 memoir, ''Send Your Roses'', that Cage had stolen a [[chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]] and was arrested twice for [[Driving under the influence|driving drunk]] while they filmed ''[[Peggy Sue Got Married]]''.<ref name="qnQMU" /> Later she admitted Cage did not steal a chihuahua and she was sorry.<ref name="B692H" /><ref name="Acmvc" /> Cage won a [[libel]] action against Turner, her publisher [[Headline Publishing Group]], and [[Associated Newspapers]] (whose publication the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' had repeated the allegations when they published an excerpt from the book).<ref name="Z4mwB" />

[[Christina Fulton]] sued Cage in December 2009 for $13 million and for the house in which she was living. The suit was in response to an order that she leave the dwelling; the order resulted from Cage's financial difficulties.<ref name="freepress12D" /> The case was settled in June 2011.<ref name="6qVN1" />

Cage was arrested in New Orleans' [[French Quarter]] district on April 15, 2011, for suspicion of domestic abuse [[Battery (crime)|battery]], disturbing the peace and public intoxication. A police officer was flagged down by onlookers after Cage allegedly grabbed his wife's upper arm while appearing to be under the influence of alcohol.<ref name="h9ax4" /> Cage was held in police custody until a bail of $11,000 was posted by [[Duane "Dog" Chapman]].<ref name="8sPaU" /> He was later ordered to appear in court on May 31, 2011.<ref name="TDxiQ" /> The New Orleans District Attorney announced that the charges against Cage had been dropped on May 5, 2011.<ref name="lb57p" /><ref name="UySAk" />

==See also==
{{Portal|Film}}
* [[Coppola family tree]]
* [[List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees#Youngest winners 2|List of oldest and youngest Academy Awards winners and nominees — Youngest winners for Best Lead Actor]]

==References==
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<ref name="independentie2009">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/cage-without-a-key/27906163.html|title=Cage without a key|work=Irish Independent|first=Paul|last=Byrne|author-link=Paul Byrne (journalist)|date=March 27, 2009|access-date=October 17, 2023|archive-date=November 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101032116/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/herald/cage-without-a-key/27906163.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="283M0">{{Cite journal| title=Nicolas Cage: I Wasn't 'Dropped' From 'The Wrestler'| url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/nicolas-cage-i-wasnt-dropped-from-the-wrestler_article_15395| journal=[[Access (U.S. TV series)|Access Hollywood]]| date=March 10, 2009| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=April 5, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405105007/http://www.accesshollywood.com/nicolas-cage-i-wasnt-dropped-from-the-wrestler_article_15395| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="2oA6n">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage Sells Gray Craig Estate – SOLD| url=http://www.priceypads.com/nicholas-cage-price-cuts-gray-craig-estate-7750000/| date=December 23, 2010| publisher=Pricey Pads.com| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=September 24, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924103816/http://www.priceypads.com/nicholas-cage-price-cuts-gray-craig-estate-7750000/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="3JG2l">{{cite journal |title=Nicolas Cage Explains His Recent Oscar-Shunning Career Choices in Most Confusing, Cage-ian Way Possible |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2012/01/Nicolas-Cage-Explains-His-Recent-Oscar-Shunning-Career-Choices-in-Most-Confusing-Cage-ian-Way-Possible |last=Miller |first=Julie |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |date=February 14, 2012 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624194300/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2012/01/Nicolas-Cage-Explains-His-Recent-Oscar-Shunning-Career-Choices-in-Most-Confusing-Cage-ian-Way-Possible |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="G60S">{{cite news| title=Gone in 60 Seconds| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/aug/04/culture.peterbradshaw| access-date=October 20, 2017| newspaper=The Guardian| date=August 3, 2000| archive-date=September 13, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913004321/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/aug/04/culture.peterbradshaw| url-status=live}}</ref>



<ref name="4qCph">{{cite web| title=Bad Lieutenant: Port Of Call New Orleans| url=https://www.cinemablend.com/reviews/Bad-Lieutenant-Port-Of-Call-New-Orleans-4311.html| publisher=cinemablend.com| access-date=October 21, 2014| archive-date=October 21, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021032236/http://www.cinemablend.com/reviews/Bad-Lieutenant-Port-Of-Call-New-Orleans-4311.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="6f4NO">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage Full Biography| url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/10155/Nicolas-Cage/biography| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028023326/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/10155/Nicolas-Cage/biography| url-status=dead| archive-date=October 28, 2014| work=[[The New York Times]]| author=Hal Erickson| date=2014| access-date=October 21, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="6qg2h">{{cite magazine|author=Anon.|date=April 5, 1999|url=https://people.com/archive/scoop-vol-51-no-12/|title=Scoop|magazine=[[People (magazine)|People]]|access-date=August 15, 2018|archive-date=August 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815200920/https://people.com/archive/scoop-vol-51-no-12/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="6qVN1">{{cite news |last1=Duke |first1=Alan |title=Nicolas Cage settles lawsuit with his son's mother |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/06/14/nicolas.cage.lawsuit/ |access-date=April 18, 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=June 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225145535/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/06/14/nicolas.cage.lawsuit/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref>



<ref name="8PQYU">{{cite web| title=Cage Uncaged: A Nicolas Cage Retrospective| url=http://docfilms.uchicago.edu/dev/calendar/2014/winter/2014-winter-thursday-02.shtml| publisher=[[University of Chicago]]| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=October 30, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030153311/http://docfilms.uchicago.edu/dev/calendar/2014/winter/2014-winter-thursday-02.shtml| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="8sPaU">{{Cite journal| url=https://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/04/niccage.html?imw=Y&f=most-viewed-24h5| title=Nicolas Cage Arrested in New Orleans (Updated)| first=Mike| last=Vilensky| journal=New York| date=April 16, 2011| access-date=February 19, 2020| archive-date=January 24, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124010855/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2011/04/niccage.html?imw=Y&f=most-viewed-24h5| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="94xP0">{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhem/the-highest-paid-actors/| title=The Highest Paid Actors – 2014| journal=Forbes| year=2014| access-date=July 13, 2015| first=Dorothy| last=Pomerantz| archive-date=July 13, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713145233/http://www.forbes.com/pictures/mfl45ekhem/the-highest-paid-actors/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="9dwnq">{{cite web| title=50 years, 50 films: The Wicker Man (1973)| url=https://www.irishtimes.com/blogs/screenwriter/2013/09/09/50-years-50-films-the-wicker-man-1973/| newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]| last=Clarke| first=Donald| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=February 13, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022009/https://www.irishtimes.com/blogs/screenwriter/2013/09/09/50-years-50-films-the-wicker-man-1973/| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Acmvc">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583977/Kathleen-Turner-sorry-for-labelling-Nicolas-Cage-a-dog-napper.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583977/Kathleen-Turner-sorry-for-labelling-Nicolas-Cage-a-dog-napper.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Kathleen Turner sorry for labelling Nicolas Cage a dog-napper |first=Andrew |last=Pierce |author-link=Andrew Pierce |date=April 5, 2008 |access-date=September 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="aofOf">{{cite web| title="Knowing" and Other Nicolas Cage Box-Office Winners That Don't Deserve to Be Hits| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/knowing-and-other-nicolas-cage-box-office-winners-that-dont-deserve-to-be-hits-20090323| newspaper=Rolling Stone| first=Peter| last=Travers| date=March 23, 2009| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=February 12, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201458/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/knowing-and-other-nicolas-cage-box-office-winners-that-dont-deserve-to-be-hits-20090323| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-cage-foreclosure8-2010apr08,0,2028352.story?track=rss |title=Foreclosure auction of Nicolas Cage's mansion is a flop |work=Los Angeles Times |date=April 8, 2010 |first=Lauren |last=Beale |access-date=April 11, 2010 |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815074136/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-cage-foreclosure8-2010apr08,0,2028352.story?track=rss |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="b1GG8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/25/venice-film-festival-2013-line-up/|title=Venice film festival 2013: the full line-up|work=The Guardian|access-date=July 25, 2013|location=London|date=July 25, 2013|archive-date=June 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620153354/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/25/venice-film-festival-2013-line-up|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="B692H">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583851/Nicolas-Cage-didnt-steal-a-chihuahua-admits-former-co-star-Kathleen-Turner.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1583851/Nicolas-Cage-didnt-steal-a-chihuahua-admits-former-co-star-Kathleen-Turner.html |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Nicolas Cage 'didn't steal a chihuahua,' admits former co-star Kathleen Turner |first=Tom |last=Chivers |date=April 4, 2008 |access-date=September 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc2005">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4307332.stm |title=Baby boy for actor Cage and wife |date=October 4, 2005 |work=BBC News |access-date=August 8, 2010 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902014339/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4307332.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="beale2">{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-11-la-fi-nicolas-cage-home-20101111-story.html| title=Nicolas Cage's Bel-Air home goes to new owner for just $10.5 million| date=November 11, 2010| first=Lauren| last=Beale| work=Los Angeles Times| access-date=December 25, 2010| archive-date=January 17, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117020220/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/11/business/la-fi-nicolas-cage-home-20101111| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="bio">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage Biography| url=http://www.biography.com/people/nicolas-cage-9234498| publisher=biography.com| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=April 7, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407041309/https://www.biography.com/people/nicolas-cage-9234498| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Bkxdm">{{cite magazine| title=Coppola Family Flow| url=https://ew.com/article/2007/12/14/coppola-family-tree/| access-date=October 20, 2014| magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]| date=December 14, 2007| first=Adam| last=Markovitz| archive-date=February 27, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227024936/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20166108,00.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Buckmaster">{{cite news|last=Buckmaster|first=Luke|date=August 13, 2018|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/14/i-watched-nicolas-cage-movies-for-14-hours-straight-and-im-sold|title=I watched Nicolas Cage movies for 14 hours straight, and I'm sold|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=August 15, 2018|archive-date=September 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906144922/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/aug/14/i-watched-nicolas-cage-movies-for-14-hours-straight-and-im-sold|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Ch7cf">{{cite news |first=Logan |last=Hill |title=The Wild, Wild Ways of Nicolas Cage |date=November 16, 2009 |work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]] |url=https://nymag.com/arts/articles/09/11/nymag-nicholascage091116.pdf |access-date=September 1, 2017 |archive-date=July 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713021604/http://nymag.com/arts/articles/09/11/nymag-nicholascage091116.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="chitribune">{{cite news |url=http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/talking_pictures/2009/11/bad-lieutenant-port-of-call-new-orleans-3-12-stars.html |title=Talking Pictures: 'Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans' – 3 1/2 stars |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=November 19, 2009 |access-date=August 15, 2010 |archive-date=May 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503115826/http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/talking_pictures/2009/11/bad-lieutenant-port-of-call-new-orleans-3-12-stars.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="chittenden">{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2159358.ece |title=Another day, another castle: Cage adds to his empire |access-date=January 15, 2008 |work=The Times |location=London |first=Maurice |last=Chittenden |date=July 29, 2007 |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507160203/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2159358.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="cowie">{{cite book|last=Cowie |first=Peter |title=Coppola: a biography |publisher=Da Capo Press |date=August 22, 1994 |page=2 | isbn=978-0306805981}}</ref>
<ref name="cYyYf">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage and Alice Kim Marriage Profile| url=http://marriage.about.com/od/celebritymarriages/p/nicolascage.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040916162346/http://marriage.about.com/od/celebritymarriages/p/nicolascage.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=September 16, 2004| work=[[About.com]]| access-date=October 14, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="d4cjN">{{cite news| title=The wonderfully mad world of Nicolas Cage| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10155965/The-wonderfully-mad-world-of-Nicolas-Cage.html| newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]| access-date=October 20, 2014| location=London| first=Anne| last=Billson| date=July 3, 2013| archive-date=March 11, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311044407/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10155965/The-wonderfully-mad-world-of-Nicolas-Cage.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="deadline1">{{Cite journal |url=https://deadline.com/2017/06/nicolas-cage-to-star-thriller-action-mandy-xyz-films-spectrevision-elijah-wood-1202108799/ |title=Nicolas Cage To Star in Action Thriller 'Mandy' From SpectreVision, XYZ Films & Umedia |last=Lodderhose |first=Diana |date=June 7, 2017 |journal=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418051159/https://deadline.com/2017/06/nicolas-cage-to-star-thriller-action-mandy-xyz-films-spectrevision-elijah-wood-1202108799/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="e2WRU">{{cite web| title=Ghost Rider Movie Blog: Casting Eva Mendes| url=http://marvel.com/videos/watch/69/ghost_rider_movie_blog_casting_eva_mendes| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]| access-date=October 21, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021075853/http://marvel.com/videos/watch/69/ghost_rider_movie_blog_casting_eva_mendes| archive-date=October 21, 2014| url-status=dead| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="fennell">{{cite news| title=This much I know: Karen Koster| url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/weekend/features/this-much-i-know-karen-koster-155089.html| newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]| date=May 21, 2011| first=Hilary| last=Fennell| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=November 30, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130145824/http://www.irishexaminer.com/weekend/features/this-much-i-know-karen-koster-155089.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="foreclose">{{cite news |title=Nicolas Cage: Movie star, foreclosure victim |first=Hibah |last=Yousuf |url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/11/13/real_estate/Nicolas_Cage/index.htm?cnn=yes |publisher=CNN |date=November 13, 2009 |access-date=November 14, 2009 |archive-date=November 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091117053150/http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/13/real_estate/Nicolas_Cage/index.htm?cnn=yes |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="FPMRU">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mom_and_dad_2018/ |title=Mom and Dad (2018) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=January 19, 2018 |access-date=September 19, 2018 |archive-date=November 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120022809/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mom_and_dad_2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="freepress12D">''Detroit Free Press'', December 10, 2009, page 12D</ref>
<ref name="Ghppy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cinelinx.com/movie-news/item/13359-mandy-is-disqualified-from-the-oscars.html|title='Mandy' is Disqualified From the Oscars|first=Becky|last=O'Brien|website=cinelinx.com|date=January 16, 2019|access-date=January 22, 2019|archive-date=January 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010641/http://www.cinelinx.com/movie-news/item/13359-mandy-is-disqualified-from-the-oscars.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Gyd4X">{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/01/us/superman-comic/index.html?iref=allsearch| publisher=CNN| title=Super price for Superman comic| date=December 2, 2011| access-date=December 2, 2011| archive-date=October 19, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019233235/http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/01/us/superman-comic/index.html?iref=allsearch| url-status=live}}</ref>



<ref name="h9ax4">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cage-arrest-idUSTRE73F24J20110416| title=Actor Nicolas Cage arrested in New Orleans| work=Reuters| date=April 16, 2011| access-date=July 10, 2021| archive-date=August 23, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823195207/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cage-arrest-idUSTRE73F24J20110416| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="hHMga">{{cite press release| title=Nicolas Cage Appointed UNODC Goodwill Ambassador for Global Justice| date=December 4, 2009| url=http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2009/December/nicolas-cage-appointed-unodc-goodwill-ambassador-for-global-justice.html| publisher=[[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]]| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=April 17, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417183732/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/press/releases/2009/December/nicolas-cage-appointed-unodc-goodwill-ambassador-for-global-justice.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="hodgson">{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article2816674.ece |title=Nicolas Cage joins Britain's castle-owning classes |access-date=January 15, 2008 |work=The Independent |location=London |first=Martin |last=Hodgson |date=July 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223193202/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article2816674.ece |archive-date=December 23, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="houstonchronicle">{{cite news |title=Nicolas Cage hit with $6.2 million tax bill |url=https://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/celebrities/6558776.html |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=August 3, 2009 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-date=August 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806152343/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/celebrities/6558776.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="I0pa7">{{cite news| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-nicolascage-dinosaur-idUSKBN0U42MS20151222| title=Actor Nicolas Cage returns stolen dinosaur skull he bought| date=December 22, 2015| work=Reuters| access-date=July 1, 2017| archive-date=June 11, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611233513/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-nicolascage-dinosaur-idUSKBN0U42MS20151222| url-status=live}}</ref>



<ref name="iFec3">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage Buys Private Island| url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1195930,00.html| access-date=October 20, 2014| journal=People| first=Stephen M.| last=Silverman| date=May 19, 2006| archive-date=July 1, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701064308/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1195930,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="ifioj">{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/mandy-advance-screenings/ |title='Mandy' Advance Screenings Coming to 226 Theaters, Featuring Conversation with Nicolas Cage and Director Panos Cosmatos |last1=Pearson |first1=Ben |date=August 17, 2018 |work=[[/Film]] |access-date=August 18, 2018 |archive-date=September 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906125922/https://www.slashfilm.com/mandy-advance-screenings/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="IIr39">{{Cite journal| title=Nicolas Cage: 'Ghost Rider' star's top 10 insane movie roles| url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/i396236-8/nicolas-cages-top-10-craziest-movie-roles-8-con-air.html#~oTheA2Zrw2W3pc| journal=[[Digital Spy]]| access-date=October 21, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924004341/http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/i396236-8/nicolas-cages-top-10-craziest-movie-roles-8-con-air.html#~oTheA2Zrw2W3pc| archive-date=September 24, 2015| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/Nicolas-Cage-sued-for-2-million/articleshow/5084908.cms |title=Nicolas Cage sued for $2 million |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=October 3, 2009 |access-date=August 15, 2010 |archive-date=October 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005214125/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/International-Business/Nicolas-Cage-sued-for-2-million/articleshow/5084908.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="issuu">{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/juxtapoz/docs/juxtapoz_14/63?mode=embed&documentId=090203175523-88783136dbb244ee857065c8ab66d7c8&layout=grey |title=ISSUU |access-date=February 14, 2010 |archive-date=October 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002180517/http://issuu.com/juxtapoz/docs/juxtapoz_14/63?mode=embed&documentId=090203175523-88783136dbb244ee857065c8ab66d7c8&layout=grey |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="JkCMP">{{cite news| title='The Weather Man': Nicolas Cage's Last Good Movie| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/03/the-weather-man-nicolas-cages-last-good-movie/72026/| date=March 4, 2011| first=Benjamin| last=Mercer| journal=[[The Atlantic]]| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=February 12, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201449/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/03/the-weather-man-nicolas-cages-last-good-movie/72026/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="JusticeLeague">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2018/03/12/exclusive-halsey-plays-wonder-woman-lil-yachty-green-lantern-teen-titans-go/415282002/|first=Brian|last=Truitt|date=March 12, 2018|access-date=August 21, 2018|title=Exclusive: Nicolas Cage plays Superman, Halsey is Wonder Woman in 'Teen Titans GO!'|work=[[USA Today]]|archive-date=September 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907033842/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2018/03/12/exclusive-halsey-plays-wonder-woman-lil-yachty-green-lantern-teen-titans-go/415282002/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="lb57p">{{cite web|first=Eugene |last=Ernest |date=May 9, 2011 |title=Court Cleared all Allegations on Nicolas Cage |url=http://www.mjbstar.com/celebrities/2011/05/09/court-cleared-all-allegations-on-nicolas-cage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214550/http://www.mjbstar.com/celebrities/2011/05/09/court-cleared-all-allegations-on-nicolas-cage/ |archive-date=May 14, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="letterman">Nicolas Cage interview – "Late Show with David Letterman", September 2, 2008</ref>
<ref name="Lp7Gx">{{cite web| title=The Croods| url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=croods.htm| website=Box Office Mojo| access-date=October 4, 2013| archive-date=June 3, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603113458/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=croods.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="lZzQ0">{{cite web |title=Nicolas Cage |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/nicolas-cage |work=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |access-date=October 21, 2014 |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308151042/https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/nicolas-cage |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Martin.Emmie">Martin, Emmie. [https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/10/craziest-things-nicholas-cage-bought-with-150-million.html?__source=Facebook "How Nicolas Cage blew $150 million on mansions, a private island—and a real dinosaur skull"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003012517/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/10/craziest-things-nicholas-cage-bought-with-150-million.html?__source=Facebook |date=October 3, 2017 }}, ''[[CNBC]]'', published May 10, 2017. Retrieved May 14, 2017.</ref>
<ref name="metacritic">{{cite web | url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-frozen-ground | title=''The Frozen Ground'' | website=[[Metacritic]] | access-date=April 10, 2013 | archive-date=June 21, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621075914/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-frozen-ground | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="MGsBx">{{cite news| title=Cage and son work comic 'Voodoo'| url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-07-02-nicolas-cage-comics_N.htm| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=[[USA Today]]| first=Scott| last=Bowles| date=July 3, 2007| archive-date=March 28, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328191244/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-07-02-nicolas-cage-comics_N.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="mhotx">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage and Wife Alice Kim Are Separated, Rep Confirms| url=http://www.people.com/article/nicolas-cage-wife-alice-kim-separated| work=People| first=Lindsey| last=Kimble| date=June 24, 2016| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=August 28, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828213350/http://www.people.com/article/nicolas-cage-wife-alice-kim-separated| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="money.cnn.com">{{cite news | url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/11/17/pf/Nicolas_Cage_lawsuit_manager.cnnw/index.htm | publisher=CNN | title=Nic Cage spent too much: Ex-manager says | date=November 17, 2009 | access-date=May 20, 2010 | archive-date=March 2, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302025937/http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/17/pf/Nicolas_Cage_lawsuit_manager.cnnw/index.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="MSQa6">{{cite news|title=Nicolas Cage is back with digit-al thriller 'Knowing'|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/nicolas-cage-back-digit-al-thriller-knowing-article-1.369727|first=Mark|last=Ellwood|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=March 15, 2009|access-date=August 17, 2023|archive-date=August 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817121043/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/nicolas-cage-back-digit-al-thriller-knowing-article-1.369727|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MTigW">{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Nicolas-Cage-Donates-1-Million-To-Katrina-s-Victims-7496.shtml |title=Cage donates 1 Million to Katrina's Victims |publisher=[[Softpedia]] |date=September 2, 2005 |access-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021032333/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Nicolas-Cage-Donates-1-Million-To-Katrina-s-Victims-7496.shtml |archive-date=October 21, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="mUi3M">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=mandy.htm|title=Mandy (2018) – Daily Box Office Results – Box Office Mojo|website=boxofficemojo.com|access-date=January 22, 2019|archive-date=January 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232433/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=mandy.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="N05jH">{{cite news| title=Glimpsing the Future (and a Babe)| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/27/movies/27next.html| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=The New York Times| date=April 27, 2007| first=Manohla| last=Dargis| archive-date=June 22, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622204025/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/27/movies/27next.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="nAazS">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage Donate $2 million to Amnesty| url=http://www.hollywood.com/news/celebrities/3526442/nicolas-cage-donates-2-million-to-amnesty?page=all| work=[[Hollywood.com]]| access-date=August 25, 2013| archive-date=October 21, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021002755/http://www.hollywood.com/news/celebrities/3526442/nicolas-cage-donates-2-million-to-amnesty?page=all| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="newsline">{{cite web |url=http://www.calstate.edu/Newsline/Archive/00-01/010416-Ful.shtml |title=CSU Newsline |publisher=Calstate.edu |date=April 16, 2001 |access-date=February 14, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528215547/http://www.calstate.edu/newsline/Archive/00-01/010416-Ful.shtml |archive-date=May 28, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Nu4Bc">{{cite news| last1=Ebert| first1=Roger| title=The Family man| url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-family-man-2000| newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=June 22, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622201340/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-family-man-2000| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="NunAn">{{cite news| title=FILM; Again, Nosferatu, the Vampire Who Will Not Die| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/10/movies/film-again-nosferatu-the-vampire-who-will-not-die.html| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=The New York Times| date=September 10, 2000| first=Jim| last=Shepard| archive-date=October 27, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027231352/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/10/movies/film-again-nosferatu-the-vampire-who-will-not-die.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="NWfpj">{{cite news| title=Bangkok Dangerous| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/05/thriller1| access-date=October 21, 2014| newspaper=The Guardian| first=Peter| last=Bradshaw| date=September 4, 2008| archive-date=December 22, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100552/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/05/thriller1| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="O9Xpe">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage's Son Weston Cage Welcomes Baby Boy Lucian Augustus With Wife Danielle| url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/nicolas-cages-son-weston-cage-welcomes-baby-boy-171500882-us-weekly.html| journal=[[Us Weekly]]| date=July 3, 2014| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=October 13, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013183148/https://celebrity.yahoo.com/news/nicolas-cages-son-weston-cage-welcomes-baby-boy-171500882-us-weekly.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="obP9C">{{cite journal| title=Nicolas Cage visits UCSC| url=http://www1.ucsc.edu/currents/02-03/05-26/cage.html| journal=UC Santa Cruz Currents| date=May 26, 2003| last=Rappaport| first=Scott| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130071004/http://www1.ucsc.edu/currents/02-03/05-26/cage.html| archive-date=November 30, 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="oCe8A">{{cite news| title=The Dresden Files| url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-dresden-files/cast/285265| journal=[[TV Guide]]| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=June 25, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625041302/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-dresden-files/cast/285265/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="oFVaJ">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/john-waters-favorite-movies-2018-top-10-1202024549/|title=John Waters' Favorite Movies of 2018 Are as Eclectic and Offbeat as He Is|last=Nordine|first=Michael|work=IndieWire|access-date=January 16, 2019|date=December 1, 2018|archive-date=December 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202135145/https://www.indiewire.com/2018/12/john-waters-favorite-movies-2018-top-10-1202024549/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="oJaCk">{{cite news| last1=Ebert| first1=Roger| title=Matchstick Men| url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/matchstick-men-2003| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]| date=September 12, 2003| archive-date=June 22, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622202605/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/matchstick-men-2003| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="p9yRD">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage wins United Nations humanitarian award| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8396880.stm| work=[[BBC News]]| access-date=August 25, 2013| date=December 5, 2009| archive-date=October 20, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020185533/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8396880.stm| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="pexNq">{{cite news| url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20269400,00.html| title=Nicolas Cage Sells His Castle| last=Anhalt| first=Karen Nickel| journal=[[People (magazine)|People]]| date=April 1, 2009| access-date=March 26, 2016| archive-date=April 16, 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416231859/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20269400,00.html| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="PlstF">{{cite news| title=Nic Cage's unfortunate Sonny incident| url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2002/12/big_queasy.html| access-date=October 20, 2014| journal=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]| last=Agger| first=Michael| date=December 23, 2002| archive-date=October 20, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020040903/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2002/12/big_queasy.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="QcKS0">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-sundance-anton-yelchin-documentary-parents-20190124-story.html|title=Still grieving, Anton Yelchin's parents try to move forward with new documentary|first=Amy|last=Kaufman|website=Los Angeles Times|date=January 24, 2019|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-date=January 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125172323/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-sundance-anton-yelchin-documentary-parents-20190124-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Qe1kc">{{cite news| title=ILO launches artists programme, Nicolas Cage calls for an end to child labour| url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/media-centre/press-releases/WCMS_191467/lang--en/index.htm| work=[[International Labour Organization]]| date=October 15, 2012| access-date=August 25, 2013| archive-date=October 21, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021002233/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/media-centre/press-releases/WCMS_191467/lang--en/index.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="qLGcT">{{cite press release| title=UNODC Goodwill Ambassador Nicolas Cage renews his appointment| url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2013/November/unodc-goodwill-ambassador-nicolas-cage-renews-his-appointment.html| publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime| date=November 5, 2013| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=April 8, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141404/https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/2013/November/unodc-goodwill-ambassador-nicolas-cage-renews-his-appointment.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="qnQMU">{{cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/04/04/nicolas-cage-wins-apology_n_95012.html |title=Nicolas Cage Wins Apology And Damages From Kathleen Turner |date=December 4, 2008 |access-date=May 25, 2011 |work=[[HuffPost]] |first=Katherine |last=Thomson |archive-date=October 20, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020153121/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/04/04/nicolas-cage-wins-apology_n_95012.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Qpcsl">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage on the rise of the celebutard| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/nicholas-cage-on-the-rise-of-the-celebutard-it-sucks-to-be-famous-right-now-9184901.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220620/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/nicholas-cage-on-the-rise-of-the-celebutard-it-sucks-to-be-famous-right-now-9184901.html |archive-date=June 20, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live| work=[[The Independent]]| access-date=March 14, 2014| location=London| first=Jenn| last=Selby| date=March 11, 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="qPv3D">{{cite news| title=Captain Corelli's Mandolin| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/may/04/louisdebernieres| newspaper=The Guardian| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=May 9, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509221018/http://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/may/04/louisdebernieres| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="r114G">{{cite web| title=Ghost Rider| url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=ghostrider.htm| website=[[Box Office Mojo]]| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=June 29, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161048/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=ghostrider.htm| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="rbDiE">{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/berlin-nicolas-cage-boards-horror-864716 |title=Berlin: Nicolas Cage Boards Horror Thriller 'Mom and Dad' |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |date=February 12, 2016 |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404215422/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/berlin-nicolas-cage-boards-horror-864716 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="rodriguez">{{cite journal |first=Brenda |last=Rodriguez |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20316292,00.html |title=Nicolas Cage Blames Advisor for Financial Ruin |journal=People |date=November 1, 2009 |access-date=November 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104010931/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20316292,00.html |archive-date= November 4, 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="rop7c">{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/05/04/cx_me_0505featslide.html |title=Generous Celebs |journal=[[Forbes]] |date=May 4, 2006 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714010450/https://www.forbes.com/2006/05/04/cx_me_0505featslide.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="ROSLb">{{cite news| title=The Rock| url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-rock-19960607| access-date=October 21, 2014| magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]| date=June 7, 1996| archive-date=September 24, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152630/http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/the-rock-19960607| url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="rottentomatoes">{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_frozen_ground/ |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Flixster]] |title=''The Frozen Ground'' |date=August 23, 2013 |access-date=March 20, 2018 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201121248/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_frozen_ground/ |url-status=live }}</ref>



<ref name="rUiMK">{{cite web |url=http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/nicholas-cage/ |title=Nicolas Cage |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=February 1, 2018 |archive-date=February 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193309/http://projects.latimes.com/hollywood/star-walk/nicholas-cage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="ruin">{{cite news |title=Nicolas Cage sues ex-manager for "financial ruin |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE59F4RM20091017 |work=Reuters |date=October 16, 2009 |access-date=November 4, 2009 |first=Jill |last=Serjeant |archive-date=October 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021065322/http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSTRE59F4RM20091017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="s9u79">{{cite news| title=The view: The lost pleasures of Rumble Fish| url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/02/mickey-rourke-rumble-fish| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=[[The Guardian]]| last=Leigh| first=Danny| location=Manchester| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610092422/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2009/jan/02/mickey-rourke-rumble-fish |archive-date=June 10, 2021 | date=January 2, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="sescoops">{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/11/12/mickey-rourke-aronofskys-wrestler/ |title=Mickey Rourke Starring in 'The Wrestler' |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=August 15, 2010 |first=Mike |last=Bruno |date=November 12, 2007 |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425070847/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20159642,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="SfLOd">{{cite web |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3469189/mom-dad-turns-nicolas-cage-selma-blair-maniacs/ |title='Mom and Dad' Turns Nicolas Cage and Selma Blair into Maniacs |last=Miska |first=Brad |date=November 9, 2017 |website=Bloody Disgusting |access-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040147/http://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3469189/mom-dad-turns-nicolas-cage-selma-blair-maniacs/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="SKdF2">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/love-antosha-review-sundance-1203123335/|title=Sundance Film Review: 'Love, Antosha'|first1=Andrew|last1=Barker|date=January 30, 2019|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-date=August 5, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805061048/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/love-antosha-review-sundance-1203123335/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="slash">{{cite web |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/2008/09/10/interview-darren-aronofsky-part-1/ |title=Interview: Darren Aronofsky – Part 1 |last=Sciretta |first=Peter |work=[[/Film]] |access-date=August 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830013244/http://www.slashfilm.com/interview-darren-aronofsky-part-1/ |archive-date = August 30, 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="sorcerer">{{cite web |url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/03/04/live-action-the-sorcerers-apprentice-completes-its-cast |title=MTV |publisher=MTV |access-date=February 14, 2010 |archive-date=March 10, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310044347/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2009/03/04/live-action-the-sorcerers-apprentice-completes-its-cast |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="susman">{{cite magazine| last=Susman| first=Gary| title=Book Value| magazine=Entertainment Weekly| date=October 1, 2002| url=https://ew.com/article/2002/10/01/nicolas-cage-auctions-his-comic-books-16-million/| access-date=August 4, 2010| archive-date=October 15, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015010226/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,364626,00.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="SW6ey">{{Cite journal| title=Nicolas Cage to 'Pay the Ghost' During Halloween Parade| url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3294165/nicolas-cage-pay-ghost-halloween-parade/| first=Brad| last=Miska| access-date=April 7, 2017| journal=[[Bloody Disgusting]]| date=May 15, 2014| archive-date=February 12, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142205/http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3294165/nicolas-cage-pay-ghost-halloween-parade/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="TDxiQ">{{cite web| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42624176| title=Nicolas Cage arrested in New Orleans| date=April 16, 2011| publisher=MSN| access-date=April 18, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418010526/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/42624176/ns/today-entertainment/| archive-date=April 18, 2011| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="THRILL">{{cite news |date=October 20, 2011 |author=Dima Alzayat |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/on-location-filming-in-alaska-heats-up-with-the-frozen-ground.html |title=On Location: 'The Frozen Ground' heats up filming in Alaska |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=August 29, 2015 |archive-date=January 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109154737/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/10/on-location-filming-in-alaska-heats-up-with-the-frozen-ground.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="TIFF2013">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/23/toronto-film-festival-lineup|title=Toronto film festival 2013: the full line-up|access-date=July 24, 2013|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=July 23, 2013|archive-date=August 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807023347/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jul/23/toronto-film-festival-lineup|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="tomato">{{cite web |url=http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/bad_lieutenant_port_of_call_new_orleans |title='Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans' – 3 1/2 stars |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=August 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716003115/http://au.rottentomatoes.com/m/bad_lieutenant_port_of_call_new_orleans/ |archive-date=July 16, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="TwUPh">{{cite web |url=https://nowtoronto.com/movies/features/TIFF-2017-s-Midnight-Madness-slate-is-announced/ |title=TIFF 2017's Midnight Madness, documentary slates are announced |last=Wilner |first=Norman |date=August 1, 2017 |website=[[Now (newspaper)|Now]] |publisher=NOW Communications |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801195858/https://nowtoronto.com/movies/features/TIFF-2017-s-Midnight-Madness-slate-is-announced/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="UAzWN">{{cite news| last1=Ebert| first1=Roger| title=Knowing| url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/knowing-2009| date=March 18, 2009| newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=June 22, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622204539/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/knowing-2009| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ucBTb">{{cite web|url=http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/70th-festival/line-up/off-sel/venezia70/|title=Venezia 70|work=labiennale|access-date=July 25, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926172034/http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/70th-festival/line-up/off-sel/venezia70/|archive-date=September 26, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="uJYMs">{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-adds-nicolas-cage/|title='Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse': Nicolas Cage Confirmed to Play Another Spider-Man|last=Goldberg|first=Matt|website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|date=July 5, 2018|access-date=July 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706000231/http://collider.com/spider-man-into-the-spider-verse-adds-nicolas-cage/|archive-date=July 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="uTHv0">{{Cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/01/16/nicolas-cage-mandy-sundance/ |title=Nicolas Cage is seeking vengeance on exclusive poster for Sundance film Mandy |last=Collis |first=Clark |date=January 16, 2018 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120142827/http://ew.com/movies/2018/01/16/nicolas-cage-mandy-sundance/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="UySAk">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage no longer facing domestic violence charge for alleged drunken argument with wife| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/nicolas-cage-no-longer-facing-domestic-violence-charge-alleged-drunken-argument-wife-article-1.140627| date=May 6, 2011| agency=Reuters| newspaper=Daily News| location=New York| access-date=April 8, 2018| archive-date=April 8, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210032/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/nicolas-cage-no-longer-facing-domestic-violence-charge-alleged-drunken-argument-wife-article-1.140627| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="uZ1i6">{{cite web| title=Actor Nicolas Cage reportedly buys a 24,664-square-foot mansion in Middletown, Rhode Island for $15.7M| url=http://www.bergproperties.com/blog/actor-nicolas-cage-reportedly-buys-a-24664-square-foot-mansion-in-middletown-rhode-island-for-157m/| publisher=Berg Properties| date=August 2, 2007| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=November 16, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091301/http://www.bergproperties.com/blog/actor-nicolas-cage-reportedly-buys-a-24664-square-foot-mansion-in-middletown-rhode-island-for-157m/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="VloOK">{{cite web| title=Nicolas Cage – Details| url=http://cinema.com/people/000/677/nicolas-cage/| publisher=cinema.com| access-date=October 21, 2014| archive-date=June 25, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625235144/http://cinema.com/people/000/677/nicolas-cage/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="VzuSC">{{cite web| title=Captain Corelli's Mandolin : Interview With Nicolas Cage| url=http://cinema.com/articles/359/captain-corellis-mandolin-interview-with-nicolas-cage.phtml| publisher=cinema.com| access-date=October 20, 2014| archive-date=July 7, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707074733/http://cinema.com/articles/359/captain-corellis-mandolin-interview-with-nicolas-cage.phtml| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="WzgFX">{{cite web| title='Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance' Review| url=https://screenrant.com/ghost-rider-2-spirit-vengeance-reviews-kofi-155425/| website=[[Screen Rant]]| date=February 17, 2012| access-date=October 21, 2014| archive-date=March 6, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306185648/http://screenrant.com/ghost-rider-2-spirit-vengeance-reviews-kofi-155425/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="XA6qF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/sundance/sundance-2018-mandy|title=Sundance 2018: Mandy|last=Allen|first=Nick|date=January 20, 2018|website=RogerEbert.com|publisher=Ebert Digital LLC|access-date=June 28, 2018|archive-date=February 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225547/https://www.rogerebert.com/sundance/sundance-2018-mandy|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="xIsd8">{{cite news| title=Nicolas Cage's divorce from Patricia Arquette| url=http://www.hellomagazine.com/film/2001/08/30/nickcage/| access-date=October 20, 2014| journal=[[Hello! (magazine)|Hello!]]| archive-date=May 31, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531112654/https://www.hellomagazine.com/film/2001/08/30/nickcage/| url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="XS5H1">{{cite web |url=http://www.walkoffame.com/nicolas-cage |title=Nicolas Cage |work=[[Walkoffame.com]] |publisher=Hollywood Chamber of Commerce |access-date=February 1, 2018 |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312204857/http://www.walkoffame.com/nicolas-cage |url-status=live }}</ref>
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<ref name="yv5r9">{{cite book| title=Casting Might-Have-Beens| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1SqXAAAAQBAJ&q=dallas+winston+nicolas+cage&pg=PT500| last=Mell| first=Elia| access-date=April 7, 2018| publisher=McFarland and Company| date=August 30, 2013| isbn=978-1476609768| archive-date=April 1, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401011054/https://books.google.com/books?id=1SqXAAAAQBAJ&q=dallas+winston+nicolas+cage&pg=PT500| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="yxAGq">{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2018/10/mandy-producer-elijah-wood-nicolas-cage-back-in-oscar-level-form-with-revenge-films-surprise-success-1202474309/|title='Mandy' Producer Elijah Wood: Nicolas Cage Back In Oscar-Level Form With Revenge Film's Surprise Success|first1=Geoff|last1=Boucher|date=October 1, 2018|access-date=January 22, 2019|archive-date=January 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010534/https://deadline.com/2018/10/mandy-producer-elijah-wood-nicolas-cage-back-in-oscar-level-form-with-revenge-films-surprise-success-1202474309/|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Z4mwB">{{cite news |first=Leigh |last=Holmwood |title=Cage wins libel battle over 'stolen dog' |date=April 4, 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailymail.medialaw |access-date=August 15, 2018 |archive-date=August 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025713/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailymail.medialaw |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="zeitung">{{cite news |url=http://www.zeitung.org/zeitung/910086-100,1,0.html |title=Liebeserklärung ans neue Heim |first=Frank |last=Werner |date=August 10, 2006 |newspaper=Onetz |trans-title=Declaration of love for a new home |language=de |access-date=April 7, 2018 |archive-date=February 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215003135/http://www.zeitung.org/zeitung/910086-100,1,0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="zs0yv">{{cite news| title=Adaptation| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nicolas-cage-2014/24/| journal=[[CBS Sunday Morning]]| date=April 6, 2014| access-date=April 7, 2018| archive-date=February 13, 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080506/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nicolas-cage-2014/24/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Zt5bv">{{cite book| url=https://archive.org/details/nicolascage0000nade| url-access=registration| quote=nicolas kim coppola.| title=Nicolas Cage| first1=Corinne J.| last1=Naden| first2=Rose| last2=Blue| publisher=Lucent Books| date=2003| isbn=978-1590181362}}</ref>
<ref name="ZYHIk">{{cite news| title=Who in Hollywood Owns a Private Island| url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/private-islands-real-estate-johnny-depp-leonardo-dicaprio-353610| date=July 26, 2012| access-date=October 20, 2014| newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter| first=Daniel| last=Miller| archive-date=September 27, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927085837/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/private-islands-real-estate-johnny-depp-leonardo-dicaprio-353610| url-status=live}}</ref>
</references>

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Kirtan

2026-03-25T16:06:04Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Musically recited story in Indian traditions}}
{{redirect|Keerthana|the Indian actress|Keerthana (actress)}}
{{italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
[[File:Chaitanya sankirtan.jpg|thumb|Painting of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindus]] performing ''kirtan'' in [[Bengal]]. Some traditions practice public ''kirtan''.]]
[[file:Kirtan1.jpg|thumb|[[Sikhs|Sikh]] ''kirta''n with [[Indian harmonium]]s and ''[[tabla]]'' drums (a common and popular pairing), in [[Kenya]] (1960s)]]

'''''Kirtana''''' ({{langx|sa|कीर्तन}}; {{IAST3|Kīrtana}}), also rendered as '''''Kiirtan''''', '''''Kirtan''''' or '''''Keertan''''', is a [[Sanskrit]] word that means "narrating, [[Bhajan|reciting]], telling, describing" of an idea or story,<ref name="Lal2009p423">{{cite book|author=Ananda Lal|title=Theatres of India: A Concise Companion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goELAQAAMAAJ |year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-569917-3 |pages=423–424}}</ref><ref>MacDonell, A. A. (2004). A practical Sanskrit Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pages 15, 382-383</ref> specifically in [[Indian religions]]. It also refers to a genre of religious performance arts, connoting a musical form of narration, shared recitation, or devotional singing,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nye |first=Malory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEtnlcck3l8C&q=kirtan&pg=PA124 |title=A Place for Our Gods: The Construction of an Edinburgh Hindu Temple Community |date=1995 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-0356-2 |language=en}}</ref> particularly of spiritual or religious ideas,<ref name="Lal2009p423"/> native to the [[Indian subcontinent]]. A person performing kirtan is known as a ''kirtankara'' (or ''kirtankar,'' कीर्तनकार).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jayant Lele |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kLs3AAAAIAAJ |title=Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements |publisher=Brill Archive |year=1981 |isbn=90-04-06370-6 |pages=121}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Christian Lee Novetzke |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqUdRVOv9TUC&pg=PA85 |title=Religion and Public Memory: A Cultural History of Saint Namdev in India |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-231-51256-5 |pages=75, 85–91}}</ref>

With roots in the [[Vedas|Vedic]] ''anukirtana'' tradition, a kirtan is a [[Call and response (music)|call-and-response]] or [[antiphon]]al style song or [[chant]], set to music, wherein multiple singers recite the names of a deity, describe a legend, express loving devotion to a deity, or discuss spiritual ideas.<ref name="Lal2009p422"/> It may include dancing or direct expression of ''bhavas'' (emotive states) by the singer.<ref name="Lal2009p422" >{{cite book|author=Ananda Lal|title=Theatres of India: A Concise Companion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goELAQAAMAAJ |year=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-569917-3 |pages=422–424}}</ref> Many kirtan performances are structured to engage the audience where they either repeat the chant,<ref name="Sara Brown 2012 pages 25-26">Sara Brown (2012), ''Every Word Is a Song, Every Step Is a Dance'', PhD Thesis, Florida State University (Advisor: Michael Bakan), pages 25-26, 87-88, 277</ref> or reply to the call of the singer.<ref name="Alanna Kaivalya 2014 3–17, 34–35">{{cite book|author=Alanna Kaivalya|title=Sacred Sound: Discovering the Myth and Meaning of Mantra and Kirtan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PkhAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=New World|isbn=978-1-60868-244-7|pages=3–17, 34–35}}</ref><ref name=lavezzoli371>{{cite book|author=Peter Lavezzoli|title=The Dawn of Indian Music in the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSZKCXtx-wEC |year=2006|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-1815-9 |pages=371–372}}</ref><ref name=Brown>{{cite journal | author=Sara Black Brown |title=Krishna, Christians, and Colors: The Socially Binding Influence of Kirtan Singing at a Utah Hare Krishna Festival |journal=Ethnomusicology |publisher=University of Illinois Press |volume=58 |issue=3 |year=2014 |pages=454–480 |doi=10.5406/ethnomusicology.58.3.0454}}</ref>

A kirtan performance includes an accompaniment of regionally popular musical instruments, especially [[List of Indian musical instruments|Indian instruments]] like the [[Indian harmonium]], the [[veena]], [[sitar]], or [[ektara]] ([[String instrument|strings]]), the [[tabla]] (one-sided [[drum]]s), the [[mrdanga]] or [[pakhawaj]] (two-sided drum), [[flute]] ([[Woodwind instrument|woodwinds]]), and [[karatalas]] or talas ([[cymbal]]s).<ref>{{cite book|author=Manohar Laxman Varadpande|title=History of Indian Theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZrjC24PuDQC&pg=PA95 |year=1987|publisher=Abhinav|isbn=978-81-7017-278-9 |pages=95–96}}</ref> It is a major practice in [[Hinduism]], [[Vaishnavism|Vaisnava]] devotionalism, [[Sikhism]], the [[Sant (religion)|Sant]] traditions, and some forms of [[Buddhism]], as well as other religious groups. Kirtan is sometimes accompanied by story-telling and acting. Texts typically cover religious, mythological or social subjects.<ref>{{cite book | last = Varadpande | first = Manohar Laxman | title = History of Indian Theatre | publisher = Abhinav Publications | volume = 2 | year = 1992 | page = 95 | isbn = 9788170172789}}</ref>

==Etymology and nomenclature==
[[File:Narad - Vintage Print.jpg|thumb|The Vedic sage [[Narada]] is depicted as a great kirtan singer in the Hindu [[Puranas]].<ref name=novetzke222/>]]
The term ''kirtana'' ([[Devanagari]]: कीर्तन) generally means "telling, narrating, describing, enumerating, reporting".<ref name="Lal2009p423"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Arthur Anthony Macdonell|title=A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laIPgMQF_XsC&pg=PA69| year=1924| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-2000-5 |page=69}}</ref> The Sanskrit root of kirtan is ''kirt'' ({{Lang|sa|कीर्त्}}).<ref name="Rigopoulos1993p275">{{cite book |author=Antonio Rigopoulos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNohSoS0CzUC&pg=PA275 |title=The Life And Teachings Of Sai Baba Of Shirdi |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-7914-1267-1 |page=275}}</ref> The term is found in the [[Samhita]]s, the [[Brahmanas]], and other Vedic literature, as well as the [[Vedanga]] and [[Sutra]]s literature. ''Kirt'', according to [[Monier Monier-Williams|Monier-Williams]], contextually means "to mention, make mention of, tell, name, call, recite, repeat, relate, declare, communicate, commemorate, celebrate, praise, glorify".<ref>Monier William (1899), [http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0300/mw__0318.html kīrt], Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press</ref>

The term kirtan is found as ''anukirtan'' (or ''anukrti'', ''anukarana'', literally "retelling") in the context of a [[Yajna]] (Vedic ritual offering), which meant a dual recitation of Vedic hymns in a dialogue style that was part of a ritual dramatic performance.<ref name="Lal2009p423" /><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sukumar Chattopadhyay |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRhQAQAAMAAJ |title=Kalātattvakośa: Appearance |author2=Kapila Vatsyayan |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-208-3286-2 |pages=67–69}}</ref>

The Sanskrit verses in the ''[[Shatapatha Brahmana]]'' (chapter 13.2, c. 800–700 BCE), for example, are written in the form of a riddle play between two actors.<ref>ML Varadpande (1990), History of Indian Theatre, Volume 1, Abhinav, {{ISBN|978-8170172789}}, page 48</ref> According to Louis Renou, in this text, "the Vedic sacrifice (''[[yajna]]'') is presented as a kind of drama, with its actors, its dialogues, its portion to be set to music, its interludes, and its climaxes."<ref name="varadpande45">ML Varadpande (1990), History of Indian Theatre, Volume 1, Abhinav, {{ISBN|978-8170172789}}, pages 45–47</ref>

Generally speaking, kirtan, sometimes called ''sankirtana'' (literally, "collective performance"), is a kind of collective chanting or musical conversation. As a genre of religious performance art, it developed in the Indian [[bhakti movement]]s as a devotional religious practice (i.e. [[bhakti yoga]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Nye |first=Malory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEtnlcck3l8C&pg=PA124 |title=A Place for Our Gods |publisher=Routledge |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-7007-0356-2 |pages=124}}</ref> But it is a heterogeneous practice that varies regionally, according to [[Christian Lee Novetzke|Christian Novetzke]], and includes varying mixtures of musical instruments, dance, oration, theatre, audience participation, and moral narration.<ref name="novetzke222">{{Cite journal |jstor = 10.1086/375037|doi = 10.1086/375037|title = Divining an Author: The Idea of Authorship in an Indian Religious Tradition|year = 2003|last1 = Novetzke|first1 = Christian Lee|journal = History of Religions|volume = 42|issue = 3|pages = 213–242|s2cid = 144687005}}</ref>

In [[Maharashtra]] for example, Novetzke says, a kirtan is a call-and-response style performance, ranging from devotional dancing and singing by a lead singer and audience to an "intricate scholarly treatise, a social commentary or a philosophical/linguistic exposition" that includes narration, allegory, humor, erudition and entertainment—all an aesthetic part of ''ranga'' (beauty, color) of the kirtan.<ref name="novetzke222" />

Kirtan is locally known by various names, including ''Abhang'', ''Samaj Gayan'', ''Haveli Sangeet'', ''Vishnupad'', ''Harikatha, and Padabali''.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Graves |first=Eben |title=The Politics of Musical Time: Expanding Songs and Shrinking Markets in Bengali Devotional Performance |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2022 |isbn=9780253064387 |location=Bloomington, IN |publication-date=2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Christian Lee Novetzke |title=Religion and Public Memory: A Cultural History of Saint Namdev in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqUdRVOv9TUC |year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-51256-5 |pages=275–281}}</ref> Vaishnava temples in Assam and northeastern Indian have large worship halls called ''kirtan ghar''—a name derived from their being used for congregational singing and performance arts.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ronald M. Bernier|title=Himalayan Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/himalayanarchite00bern |url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|isbn=978-0-8386-3602-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/himalayanarchite00bern/page/28 28]}}</ref> Kirtan is also sometimes called ''harinam'' (Sanskrit: harināma) in some Vaishnava traditions, which means "[chanting] the names of God ([[Hari]])."

In regional languages, kirtan is scripted as {{langx|bn|কীর্তন}}; Nepali and {{langx|hi|कीर्तन}}; {{langx|kn|ಕೀರ್ತನೆ}}; {{langx|mr|कीर्तन}}; {{langx|pa|ਕੀਰਤਨ}} / {{lang|pnb|کیرتن}}; Sindhi: {{lang|sd|ڪِيرَتَنُ}} / {{lang|sd|कीरतनु}}; {{langx|ta|கீர்த்தனை}}; {{langx|te|కీర్తన}}.

=== Bhajan and kirtan ===
Kirtans and ''[[bhajan]]s'' are closely related, sharing common aims (devotion, faith, spiritual uplift and liberation), subjects, and [[Subject (music)|musical themes]]. A ''bhajan'' is freer, and can be a single melody performed by a single singer with or without musical instruments. ''Kirtan'', in contrast, is generally a group performance, typically with a [[Call and response (music)|call and response]] or [[antiphon]]al musical structure, similar to an intimate conversation or gentle sharing of ideas. Kirtan also generally includes two or more musical instruments,<ref name="lavezzoli371" /><ref name="Brown" /> and has roots in Sanskrit [[Sanskrit prosody|prosody]] and [[Metre (poetry)|poetic meter.]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Alanna Kaivalya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7PkhAwAAQBAJ |title=Sacred Sound: Discovering the Myth and Meaning of Mantra and Kirtan |publisher=New World |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-60868-244-7 |pages=117–122}}</ref>

Many ''kirtans'' are structured for more audience participation, where the singer calls a spiritual chant, a hymn or a devotional theme, the audience responds by repeating the chant or by chanting back a reply of their shared beliefs.<ref name="Alanna Kaivalya 2014 3–17, 34–35" /><ref name="Sara Brown 2012 pages 25-26" />

==Hindu kirtan==

{{Listen
| filename = Samgacchadvam.OGG
| title = A sound clip
| description = An epilogue mantra at the end of a kirtan.
| format = [[Ogg]]
| pos = right
}}


[[File:Mha Sankeertan.jpg|thumb|A modern painting of a mahasankirtan scene from the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'']]
[[file:New Gatanga Naam Kirtan.jpg|thumb|A modern kirtan performance]]

Musical recitation of hymns, mantras and the praise of deities has ancient roots in Hinduism, and may be found in the [[Vedas|Vedic literature]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5 |pages=378}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Guy L. Beck|title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |year=2012|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-1-61117-108-2|pages=12–24, 30–33|chapter=Chapter 1}}</ref> A key feature of popular Hindu kirtan is that it is mostly sung in vernacular languages like [[Hindi]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (unlike [[Vedic chant]]ing, which is done in [[Sanskrit]]), though this may include Sanskrit mantras.<ref name=":2">Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' p. 247. Taylor & Francis.</ref> This style of vernacular singing became popular during the [[Medieval India|medieval era]] (1300–1550) and the [[Early modern India|early modern period]] (1550–1750).<ref name=":2" />

Hindu kirtan is influenced by the practices and teachings of the various devotional [[Bhakti movement]]s and by the figures of the [[Sant (religion)|Sant tradition]] (like [[Kabir]], [[Ravidas]], and [[Namdev]]).<ref name=":2" /><ref>Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023). ''Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,'' p. 96. Springer Nature.</ref> In and through their kirtans, both emphasized cultivating an emotional loving relationship with a personal God. Beginning with the [[Tamils|Tamil]] [[Alvars]] and [[Nayanars]] in around the 6th century, bhakti spread outside [[Tamilakam]] after the 12th century.<ref>{{cite book |author=Guy L. Beck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61117-108-2 |pages=32, 108–120 |chapter=Chapter 1}}</ref><ref>Karen Pechelis (2011), Bhakti Traditions, in The Continuum Companion to Hindu Studies (Editors: Jessica Frazier, Gavin Flood), Bloomsbury, {{ISBN|978-0826499660}}, pages 107-121</ref> The foundations of the kirtan traditions are also found in works like the ''[[Bhagavad-gita]]'' which describes the [[Bhakti yoga|bhakti marga]] (path of loving devotion to god) as a means to [[moksha]]. References to kirtan as a musical recitation are also found in the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'', an important Vaishnava text.<ref>{{cite book |author=Guy L. Beck |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzUMCAAAQBAJ |title=Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition |publisher=University of South Carolina Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61117-108-2 |pages=115–118, 131–133}}</ref> The story of [[Prahlada]] in the ''Avatara Katha'' mentions kirtan as one of nine forms of bhakti.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kelkar |first1=M. |title=Keertanrang (Marathi: कीर्तनरंग) |last2=Mahabal |first2=K. |publisher=Akhil Bharatiya Keertan Sanstha |year=2007 |location=Dadar, Mumbai, India |page=1}}</ref>

[[Bhakti]] poets and musicians like [[Jayadeva]] (the 12th century author of the Sanskrit ''[[Gita Govinda]]'') were influential in the development of Indian devotional music genres like kirtan (which, though written in the vernacular, often imitated the style of Sanskrit bhakti poems).<ref name=":0">Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' pp. 249, 845. Taylor & Francis.</ref> Jayadeva was a great classical composer and wrote devotional music in the dhruvapada style (which is similar to [[dhrupad]]).<ref name=":0" />

There are various forms of Hindu kirtan, including northern traditions (often influenced by [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]] and [[Music of Bengal|Bengali music]]) and southern ([[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]) traditions. Speaking of the Bengali kirtan tradition, Peggy Holroyde writes that "kirtans do not strictly adhere to the [[raga]] scale and they incorporate a chorus led by a leader. Much of the musical value is subordinated to the sentimental emotion expressed in the words of the song."<ref name=":1">Holroyde, Peggy (2017). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ2fDgAAQBAJ&dq=classical+indian+music+kirtan+Indian+Music%3A+A+Vast+Ocean+of+Promise&pg=PT255 Indian Music: A Vast Ocean of Promise]'', Routledge.</ref> Regarding the southern (Carnatic) traditions of kirtan, they are generally "less ornate" than northern kirtan, making less use of "[[Grave (music)|grace]], [[Trill (music)|trills]] and [[arabesque]]s", but they are also much more structured musical forms.<ref name=":1" />

While kirtan is influenced by the practice of Indian classical music, they are much simpler than the complicated instrumental and vocal compositions of Indian classical ensembles. The focus of kirtan is on the lyrics or mantras, which deliver religious messages and stories. Guy Beck, writing on the northern kirtan tradition, states that "melody and rhythm are important, but devotional singers normally deplore musical virtuosity for its own sake, in contrast with the classical Hindustani and Karnatak traditions, which emphasize [[improvisation]] and technical [[mastery]]. A large variety of musical styles and forms exist, and no single formula has ever been mandated by custom to the exclusion of others. Musicians and religious leaders thus freely compose religious and devotional songs."<ref name=":3">Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' p. 248. Taylor & Francis.</ref> However, some kirtan styles ''are'' highly refined and technical, like [[dhrupad]] and Bengali [[Vaishnava Padavali|padavali]] kirtan, which is considered by [[Bengalis]] to be the most cultured religious music.<ref>Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' p. 250. Taylor & Francis.</ref>

Regarding the arrangement, most kirtan performances are done by a group, with a choir led by a lead singer sitting on the floor, though sometimes, kirtan is done by standing group in temples, religious processions, or on the street.<ref name=":3" />

Generally speaking, the performance may begin with recitations of Sanskrit mantras, like [[Om]], names of deities, and may also include some Sanskrit prayers.<ref name=":4">Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' p. 255. Taylor & Francis.</ref> Then the [[Lead vocalist|lead singer]] sings a song or a mantra while accompanying himself with a versatile instrument (like a [[Indian harmonium|harmonium]] or a [[sarangi]]), and the chorus (which may include the audience as well) repeats the lines and provides musical accompaniment and keeps the [[rhythm]] (with percussion instruments like the [[tabla]]). Sometimes the lead may have some solo lines, and the chorus can accompany them with a [[refrain]].<ref name=":3" /> The performance may be punctuated by short sermons or stories.<ref name=":4" /> The song repertoire is generally drawn from medieval authors, but may include more recent additions.<ref name=":4" /> In temples, a formal worship ceremony ([[Arti (Hinduism)|arati]]) may also follow.<ref name=":4" />

=== Styles of Hindu kirtan ===

==== Vaishnava kirtan ====
[[File:Chandidas_Bhita_at_Nanoor_04.jpg|thumb|Statue of Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā poet [[Chandidas]] and his lover Rajakini, at his birthplace of [[Nanoor]]]]

[[File:Kirtan at Bishnupur.jpg|thumb|Kirtan at front of the [[List of temples in Bishnupur|Jor Mandir Temple in Bishnupur]]]]

One important promoter of Vaishnava kirtan in Bengal was [[Chandidas]] (1339–1399), who introduced Vaishnava kirtan in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and was very influential on later Vaishnava northern kirtan.<ref name=":0" /> Chandidas was instrumental in the Bengali [[Vaishnava Sahajiya|Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā]] tradition, a form of [[Tantra|tantric]] [[Vaishnavism]] focused on [[Radha Krishna|Radha and Krishna]] which flourished in [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Odisha|Orissa]], and [[Assam]].<ref>Young, Mary (2014). ''The Baul Tradition: Sahaj Vision East and West,'' pp. 27-30. SCB Distributors.</ref><ref name=":32">Hayes, Glen A. [https://www.academia.edu/12565300/The_Vaisnava_Sahajiya_Traditions_of_Medieval_Bengal "The Vaisnava Sahajiya Traditions of Medieval Bengal"], in ''Religions of India in Practice'', edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Princeton Readings in Religions, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995: 333-351.</ref> The Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā tradition produced many great Bengali language poets and singers.<ref name=":12">Young, Mary (2014). ''The Baul Tradition: Sahaj Vision East and West,'' pp. 27-36. SCB Distributors.</ref><ref name=":32" />

The 16th century CE saw an explosion of Vaishnava kirtan in the north. During this time, [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] popularized [[Krishna]] based kirtan in [[Bengal]], promoting and teaching the singing of Vaishnava songs which celebrate the love between [[Radha]] and Krishna, understood as being the love between the soul and God.<ref name="AsherTalbot2006">{{cite book|author1=Catherine B. Asher|author2=Cynthia Talbot|title=India before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GEWAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148 |year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-91561-8 |pages=110–112, 148–149}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Chaitanya is also known as the father of [[Vaishnava Padavali|padavali]] singing, a highly developed and complex musical tradition.<ref name=":0" /> Padavali kirtan is further linked to process of devotional visualization in Gaudiya Vaisnava practice through a specific musical form that uses slow tempos and large tals (meters) in performance.<ref name=":6" />

About the same time, [[Sankardev|Shankaradeva]] (1449–1568) in [[Assam]] inspired the [[Ekasarana Dharma]] bhakti movement that emphasized [[Advaita Vedanta]] philosophy within the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] framework of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kaliram Medhi|title=Studies in the Vaiṣṇava Literature & Culture of Assam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeB83Pc8hCAC |year=1978|publisher=Assam Sahitya Sabha |pages=6, 43}}</ref> Shankaradeva helped establish ''Sattras'' (Hindu temples and monasteries) with ''kirtan-ghar'' (also called ''[[Namghar]]''), for Krishnaite singing and dramatic performance.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ronald M. Bernier|title=Himalayan Architecture|url=https://archive.org/details/himalayanarchite00bern |url-access=registration|year=1997|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson University Press|isbn=978-0-8386-3602-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/himalayanarchite00bern/page/27 27]–28}}</ref>

Meanwhile, in the [[Braj]] region, [[Vallabha|Vallabha acharya]] launched a devotional movement which focused on kirtan songs about baby Krishna and his early childhood.<ref name="AsherTalbot2006" /> One offshoot of this tradition is the [[Radha]]-centered [[Radha-vallabha|Radha-vallabha Sampradaya]], whose singing style, known as [[Haveli Sangeet]], is based on Hindustani classical forms like "[[dhrupad]]" and "[[dhamar (music)|dhamar]]".<ref>{{cite book |surname=Beck |given=Guy L. |chapter=Krishna as Loving Husband of God: The Alternative Krishnology of the Rādhāvallabha Sampradaya |page=67 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C&pg=PA67 |title=Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity |url= {{Google books|0SJ73GHSCF8C|page=|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |editor= Guy L. Beck |place=Albany, NY |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7914-6415-1}}</ref> Another kirtan style shared by the Braj traditions like the Vallabha, [[Swami Haridas|Haridasi]], and [[Nimbarkacharya|Nimbarka]] is samaj gayan, which is a kind of collective singing.<ref>Arnold et al. (1998). ''The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent,'' p. 251. Taylor & Francis.</ref>

Kirtan as a genre of religious music has been a major part of the Vaishnavism tradition, particularly starting with the [[Alvars]] of [[Sri Vaishnavism]] sub-tradition between the 7th to 10th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|author=John A. Ramsaran|title=English and Hindi Religious Poetry: An Analogical Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=138eAAAAIAAJ |year=1973|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=90-04-03648-2 |pages=3–4}}</ref> After the 13th-century, two subgenres of kirtan emerged in Vaishnavism, namely the ''[[Nama sankeerthanam|Nama-kirtana]]'' wherein the different names or aspects of god (a Vishnu avatar) are extolled, and the ''Lila- kirtana'' wherein the deity's life and legends are narrated.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Emmie te Nijenhuis|author-link1=Emmie te Nijenhuis|author2=Muttusvāmi Dīkṣita|author3=Sanjukta Gupta|title=Sacred songs of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AjafAAAAMAAJ |year=1987|publisher=Amadeus|isbn=978-3-905049-36-7 |pages=5–6}}</ref>

In the modern era, north Indian styles of kirtan are widely practiced in the modernist movements of [[Sivananda Saraswati|Swami Sivananda]], [[Anandamayi Ma]], [[Sri Aurobindo]], and [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]].<ref name=":4" />

==== Carnatic traditions ====
In [[Andhra Pradesh]], the compositions of the [[Tallapaka Annamacharya]], a 14th-century Vaishnava mystic, represent the earliest known southern music called "sankirtana". He wrote in praise of [[Lord Venkateswara]], the deity of Seven Hills in [[Tirumala]].<ref>[http://www.svasa.org/annamacharya1.html SVSA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918225615/http://www.svasa.org/annamacharya1.html |date=18 September 2009 }}-2008/07/21</ref> During his long and prolific career, he reputedly composed and sang 32,000 Sankirtanas and 12 Shatakas (sets of hundred verses) in both [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Sanskrit]].

==== Marathi kirtan ====
[[file:VEERABHADRA DEVTA MHOTSAV, 2019 at Shree Kshetra Veerabhadra Devasthan Vadhav. 43.jpg|thumb|Maharashtri musicians at Veerabhadra Devasthan, [[Vadhav]]]]
[[file:Folk culture "bhajana".jpg|thumb|A kirtan circle in Maharashtra]]
There are three main styles of [[Marathi Keertan|Marathi kirtan]], Varkari, Naradiya and Jugalbandi.

[[Varkari Kirtan]] was pioneered by [[Namdev|Sant Namdev]] (1270–1350) in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="novetzke222" /> It is usually based on the works of seven famous Maharashtri saints: Saint Nivruttinath, [[Dnyaneshwar|Sant Dnyaneshwar]], Sopandev, Muktabai, saint Eknath, Saint Namdev, and [[Saint Tukaram]]. Marathi kirtan is typically performed by one or two main performers, accompanied by [[Pump organ|harmonium]] and ''[[tabla]]''. It involves singing, acting, dancing, and story-telling.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dixit |first=Durga |title=Diamond Maharashtra Sankritikosh (Marathi: डायमंड महाराष्ट्र संस्कृतीकोश) |publisher=Diamond Publications |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-8483-080-4 |location=[[Pune, India]] |page=166}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Varadpande |first=Manohar Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZrjC24PuDQC&q=keertan&pg=PA96 |title=History of Indian Theatre |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1992 |isbn=9788170172789 |volume=2 |page=95}}</ref>

The show goes for two or three hours as time permits and is not divided into parts like "Naradiya Kirtan". This form was effectively performed for years by personalities like Hari Bhakti Parayan (sincere devotee of god) Sonopant (mama) Dandekar, Dhunda maharaj Deglurkar, Babamaharaj Satarkar, Dekhanebuwa, and many others in modern times. An institute at Alandi near [[Pune]] offers training in this form of Kirtan.

[[Naradiya Kirtan]] is divided into five main parts: naman (prayer), Purvaranga (the main spiritual lesson), chanting the names of God, katha or Akhyan (a story to support the lesson), final prayer.<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Koparkar
| first = G. N.
| title = Katha Haridasaanchi (Marathi: कथा हरिदासांची)
| publisher = Keertan Mahavidyalaya Prakashan
| location = [[Pune, India]]
| year = 2000
| page = 2}}</ref> The Naradiya Marathi Kirtan popular in Maharashtra is most often performed by a single performer, and contains the poetry of saints of Maharashtra such as [[Dnyaneshwar]], [[Eknath]], [[Namdev]] and [[Tukaram]]. Learned poets from 17th and 18th century such as Shridhar, [[Mahipati]], and Moropant contributed to develop this form of kirtan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ranade |first=Ashok D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&q=anant+phandi&pg=PA194 |title=Intersections : socio-cultural trends in Maharashtra |date=2000 |publisher=Sangam |isbn=978-0863118241 |editor-last1=Kosambi |editor-first1=Meera |location=London |pages=194–210}}</ref> A Naradiya kirtan performance can last for period of any length, from half an hour to three hours. Attendees may wear traditional clothing and the performers use instruments like the Indian harmonium, drums, and string instruments of various types mostly "Zanz", "chipali", "Tal" or "Chimata". Naradiya kirtan performers are usually very learned in literature, music, dance, acting and comedy.

Jugalbandi Kirtan is performed by two persons, allowing question-answer, dialogue and debate. Performance requires skill in music, dance, comedy, oratory, debate, memory, general knowledge and [[Sanskrit]] literature. Training takes place at the Kirtan Kul in Sangli, the Akhil Bharatiya Kirtan Sanstha<ref>{{Cite web |title=संस्थेचा परिचय. | अखिल भारतीय कीर्तन संस्था |url=http://www.keertansanstha.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928012400/http://www.keertansanstha.in/ |archive-date=28 September 2013 |access-date=22 September 2013 |language=mr}}</ref> in Dadar, Mumbai, the Narad Mandir at Sadashiv Peth, Pune and the Kalidas Mahavidyalay in [[Ramtek]], [[Nagpur]] as well as at smaller schools in Goa, Beed and Ujjain.

==Sikhism==
{{Main|Shabad kirtan}}
[[File:Watercolour painting of the interior of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, by William Carpenter, circa 1854.webp|thumb|Painting of kirtan in the [[Golden Temple]] of [[Amritsar]]]]
[[file:Photograph of Bhai Jawala Singh Ragi playing accordion (vaaja), Bhai Gurcharn Singh on Jori, and Bhai Avtar Singh on Taus at Gurdwara Dehra Sahib, Lahore, ca.1935.jpg|thumb|Bhai Jawala Singh Ragi playing [[Indian harmonium|harmonium]], Bhai Gurcharn Singh on [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]], and Bhai Avtar Singh on [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]] at [[Gurdwara Dera Sahib|Gurdwara Dehra Sahib]], [[Lahore]], 1935]]

''Kirtan'' ([[Gurmukhi]]: ਕੀਰਤਨ ''Kīratana'') refers to devotional singing in [[Sikhism]].<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=24}}</ref> It is typically performed at [[Gurdwaras]] (Sikh temples). Sikh scriptures and legends are usually recited in a song, to a certain ''[[raga]]'' and accompanied with musical instruments. The Gurus themselves created numerous musical instruments including the [[Taus (instrument)|Taus]], the [[Sarangi]], the [[Sarinda (instrument)|Saranda]] and a modification of the [[Pakhawaj]] (called [[Jori (instrument)|Jori]]) creating an early form of the [[Tabla]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Sikh sacred music|date=1967|publisher=Sikh Sacred Music Society|page=63|location=Oxon}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Narayan|first1=Badri|title=Culture and Emotional Economy of Migration|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|page=75|edition=First}}</ref>

A ''Shabad Kirtan'' refers to the musical recitation of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the primary scripture in the Sikhism tradition which is arranged according to ''[[raga]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3 |page=113}}</ref> ''Shabad Kirtan'' can be listened to silently or sung along with the gathered congregation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Anand|first1=Balwant|title=Guru Nanak His Life was his Message: a Biography|date=1983|publisher=Guru Nanak Foundation|page=224}}</ref><ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112" />

''Kirtan'' in Sikh history has been the musical analog of ''Kathas'' recitation, both preferably performed by ''ragi jatha'', or professional trained performers.<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112">{{cite book|author1=Knut A. Jacobsen|author2=Kristina Myrvold|title=Sikhs Across Borders: Transnational Practices of European Sikhs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HtrWKPWBEXEC |year=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-7087-3 |pages=112–114}}</ref> A Sikh Kirtan is a religious, aesthetic and social event, usually held in a congregational setting on Sundays or over certain festivals to honor the historical Gurus, but major temples in the Sikh tradition recite ''Kirtan'' every day as a mark of daily [[bhakti]] (devotional remembrance) of God's name.<ref name="JacobsenMyrvold2012p112" />

This congregational setting is called a ''Sangat'' or ''Satsang'', a word that in ancient Indian texts means "like minded individuals, or fellow travelers on a spiritual journey".<ref>{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=30–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Frisk |first=Liselotte |year=2002 |title=The Satsang Network |journal=Nova Religio |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=64–85 |doi=10.1525/nr.2002.6.1.64 |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31618}}</ref>

==Buddhism==
{{Main|Buddhist music}}
[[File:Asan_gyanmala.jpg|thumb|Members of the Nepalese Buddhist [[Gyanmala Bhajan Khala|Gyānmālā Bhajan Khala]] singing hymns at [[Asan, Kathmandu]]]]
Numerous Buddhist traditions use vocal music with instrumental accompaniment as part of their rituals and devotional practices.<ref>Van Khê, Trân. “Buddhist Music in Eastern Asia.” ''The World of Music'', vol. 26, no. 3, 1984, pp. 22–32. ''JSTOR'', {{JSTOR|43561005}}. Accessed 18 Dec. 2023.</ref><ref>Mabbett, Ian W. “Buddhism and Music.” ''Asian Music'', vol. 25, no. 1/2, 1993, pp. 9–28. ''JSTOR'', {{doi|10.2307/834188}}. Accessed 18 Dec. 2023.</ref> Buddhist vocal music and chanting is often part of Buddhist [[ritual]]s and [[List of Buddhist festivals|festivals]] in which they may be seen as offerings to the Buddha.<ref name="Buddhism">{{Cite web |last=Szczepanski |first=Beth |date=2021 |title=Buddhism and Music |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195393521/obo-9780195393521-0136.xml |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Oxford Bibliographies |language=en}}</ref> Chants, songs and plays about the life of the Buddha by the Buddhists of [[Bengal]] are sometimes called ''Buddha-samkirtan'' or ''Buddha kirtan.'' Instruments like the Indian harmonium, flute, [[dotara]], [[khol]] and kartal are used as accompaniment''.''<ref>{{cite book|author=Sukomal Chaudhuri|title=Contemporary Buddhism in Bangladesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVoEAAAAYAAJ |year=1982|publisher=Atisha Memorial|pages=81}}</ref><ref>Chatterjee, Aparna (2022). ''The Barua Buddhists: Lineage and Cultural Interface,'' pp. 91-92. Shhalaj Publishing House.</ref>

Music has been used by Buddhists since the time of [[Early Buddhist schools|early Buddhism]], as attested by artistic depictions in Indian sites like [[Sanchi]]. [[Early Buddhist schools|Early Buddhist sources]] often have a negative attitude towards music, possibly because it was considered sensual and inconsistent with its core monastic teachings.<ref name=guybeck257/> However, [[Mahayana]] and [[Vajrayana]] sources tend to be much more positive to music, seeing it as a suitable offering to the Buddhas and as a [[Upaya|skillful means]] to bring sentient beings to Buddhism.<ref name="guybeck257">{{cite book|author=Guy Beck |editor=Bruno Nettl |editor-link=Bruno Nettl |display-editors=etal |title=[[The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music]]|chapter=South Asia, the Indian subcontinent|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA257 |year=1998| publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1 |pages=257}}</ref><ref>Rambelli, Fabio. [https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/media/pdf/books/978-88-6969-528-5/978-88-6969-528-5-ch-09.pdf “The Sutra of Druma, King of the Kinnara and the Buddhist Philosophy of Music.”] ''Ca’ Foscari Japanese Studies 14'' | Religion and Thought 4, e-ISSN 2610-9417</ref> Buddhist songs and chants make use of the following genres: [[sutra]]s, [[mantra]]s, [[dharani]], [[paritta]]s, or [[Poetry|verse]] compositions (such as [[Gatha (India)|gathas]], [[stotra]]s, and [[Songs of realization|caryagitis]]).

Examples of Buddhist musical traditions include the [[Newar Buddhism|Newari Buddhist]] [[Gunla Bajan|Gunlā Bājan]], [[Music of Tibet|Tibetan Buddhist music]], [[Buddhism in Japan|Japanese Buddhist]] [[Shomyo|Shōmyō]], modern Indian Buddhist [[bhajan]]s, and [[Buddhism in Cambodia|Cambodian]] [[Smot (chanting)|Smot]] chanting. As there are many different traditions of Buddhist music and chanting, the [[musical instrument]]s used vary widely, from solely relying on the [[human voice]], to many types of classic instruments used in [[Music of Asia|Asian music]] (such as the ancient Indian [[veena]]) as well as modern instruments ([[Indian harmonium|harmonium]], [[Keyboard instrument|keyboards]], [[guitar]]s, etc.).

There are also some Western Buddhists who have recently adopted kirtan singing. One Western Buddhist kirtan artist is [[Lee Mirabai Harrington]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buddhist Kirtan: Interview with American Mantra Musician Lee Mirabai Harrington, Part One |url=https://www.buddhistdoor.net/features/buddhist-kirtan-interview-with-american-mantra-musician-lee-mirabai-harrington-part-one/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=Buddhistdoor Global |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Judaism ==
The [[Bene Israel]], a Jewish community in the Indian subcontinent, adopted the devotional singing style Kirtan from their Marathi Hindu neighbors.<ref>Judith Cohen: ''Jüdische Musik. IV: Östliche Diaspora (14.–19. Jahrhundert). 3. Orientalische Gemeinden. b. Indien (Bene Israel, Cochin).'' In: ''MGG Online,'' November 2016</ref> Their main traditional musical instruments are the [[Harmonium#The Harmonium in India|Indian Harmonium]] and the [[Bulbul tarang]].<ref>Rina Krut Moskovich: The Role of Music in the Liturgy of Emigrant Jews from Bombay: The Morning Prayer for the Three Festivals. In: Asian Music, Bd. 17, Nr. 2 (Music in the Ethnic Communities of Israel) Frühjahr–Sommer 1986, S. 88–107, hier S. 90</ref>

In the modern era, kirtan has also been adopted by several [[Jews]] like Susan Deikman. These Jewish kirtans replace Sanskrit Hindu lyrics with Hebrew songs and chants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-01-14 |title=Kabbalistic Kirtan: Just Replace Hindu With Hebrew |url=https://forward.com/news/4153/kabbalistic-kirtan-just-replace-hindu-with-hebrew/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref>

==In the Western world==
[[file:HareKrishnaTimesSquare42ndStreet.jpg|thumb|Krishna kirtan in [[Times Square]]]]
[[file:AnandaRasBhaktiFest2015a (22155539836).jpg|thumb|Western kirtan performers at [[Bhakti Fest]]]]
[[File:Western kirtan Buddhist temple.jpg|thumb|A Western kirtan group at a [[Buddhist temple]] in [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], California]]

The famed Bengali saint [[Paramahansa Yogananda]] was an early proponent of kirtan in [[Western world|the West]]. He chanted [[Guru Nanak Dev]]'s ''Hey Hari Sundara'' ("Oh God Beautiful") with 3,000 people at [[Carnegie Hall]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yogananda|first=Paramhansa|title=Autobiography of a Yogi|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2007|pages=526–527|isbn=978-1-4264-2415-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuwqcgWdZF4C&pg=PA526}}</ref>

Kirtan became more common with the spread of Indian religious movements in the West in the 1960s. Movements which were influential in bringing Indian kirtan to West include the [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]] (ISKCON), [[3HO]] (Sikh followers of [[Yogi Bhajan]]), the [[Ramakrishna Mission|Ramakrishna mission]], the [[Divine Life Society]], and Yogananda's [[Self-Realization Fellowship]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Carl T.|title=Vedanta for the West|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1994|page=134|isbn=0-253-33098-X}}</ref><ref name=":4"/>

Western kirtan singers, some of whom learned in India, have also popularized the practice. Western kirtan performers include [[Krishna Das (singer)|Krishna Das]], [[Bhagavan Das (yogi)|Bhagavan Das]], Nina Rao, [[Wah! (American band)|Wah!]], [[Jai Uttal]], [[Snatam Kaur]], [[Lokah Music]], [[Deva Premal]], [[Jahnavi Harrison]], [[Jim Gelcer]], [[Jyoshna]], [[Aindra Das]], [[Gina Sala']], and [[Gaura Vani & As Kindred Spirits]]. Western Yoga centers report an increase in attendance at kirtans; according to ''Pure Music''{{'}}s Frank Goodman in conversation with [[Krishna Das (singer)|Krishna Das]] in 2006, kirtan has taken on a wider popularity.<ref name="Puremusic">{{cite journal|last=Goodman|first=Frank|date=January 2006|title=Interview with Krishna Das|journal=Puremusic|issue=61|url=http://www.puremusic.com/pdf/krishnadas.pdf|access-date=2014-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/fashion/05fitness-01.html?_r=3&scp=1&sq=kirtan&st=cse
|title=Chanting Is an Exercise in Body and Spirit |work=The New York Times
|access-date=2009-04-21| first=Sara| last=Eckel| date=2009-03-05}}</ref> Some Western kirtan singers have also adapted kirtan songs with influences from other styles, including [[rock music]], [[new-age music]], [[Music of Africa|African music]] and [[Latin American music in the United States|latin american music.]]<ref name=":5">Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023). ''Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,'' p. 96, 101. Springer Nature.</ref> There are also Kirtan singers in the west who sing more traditional Indian style kirtan such as [http://www.kaminimusic.com Kamini Natarajan] and [http://www.shebrings.com/ Sheela Bringi].

Kirtan singing has also become popular among Westerners who consider themselves [[Spirituality|spiritual]] but who are not part of any specific religious institution or movement ("[[spiritual but not religious]]").<ref name=":5" /> In this case, kirtan is seen as a social, expressive and holistic experience which helps one connect with the inner self. It is also considered egalitarian and manifests as an eclectic practice which draws on multiple cultures and is tolerant to most religions.<ref name=":5" /> Western spiritual kirtan can be found in [[Western yoga]] centers, [[New Age|new age]] groups, spiritual communes, and [[Neoshamanism|neo-shamanic]] circles.<ref name=":5" />

For some Western practitioners, kirtan is seen as a way of socializing, relaxing, achieving meditative states, expressing oneself, attaining inner peace and positive emotions, getting to know one's inner self, and cultivating love for a deity and for others.<ref>Enstedt, Daniel; Plank, Katarina (2023). ''Eastern Practices and Nordic Bodies: Lived Religion, Spirituality and Healing in the Nordic Countries,'' pp. 96, 101–103. Springer Nature.</ref>

In the United States case law, the term ''sankirtana'' has also been used to specifically refer to the promotional activities of ISKCON.<ref>Supreme Court of California, opinion in ISKCON v. City of Los Angeles, pages 4, 7 [http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/08/20/12-56621.pdf online]</ref> ISKCON had sought the right to perform ''sankirtana'' in California airports such as in Los Angeles. The court ruled that while ISKCON has a constitutional rights of protected speech, the Los Angeles airport also has a right to forbid any form of solicitation, out of "a legitimate interest in controlling pedestrian congestion and reducing the risk of fraud and duress attendant to repetitive, in-person solicitation of funds" by all groups including ISKCON.<ref>Supreme Court of California, opinion in ISKCON v. City of Los Angeles, pages 2, 12–21 [http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/08/20/12-56621.pdf online]</ref>

==Given name==
The male given name Kirtan or Kirtana is used in South India for females as well, particularly in [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], and [[Tamil Nadu]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

==See also==

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Adi Shankara]]
* [[Ananda Marga]]
* [[Bhakti]]
* [[Bhakti movement]]
* [[Bhakti yoga]]
* [[Bhajan]]
* [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]
* [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
* [[Gurbani]]
* [[Hindustani language]]
* [[Historical Vedic religion]]
* [[Indo-Aryan languages]]
* [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness]]
** [[Hare Krishna (mantra)]]
* [[:Category:Kirtan performers]]
* [[Nama sankeerthanam]]
* [[Raga]]
* [[Sikh music]]
* [[Substratum in Vedic Sanskrit]]
* [[Vedic Sanskrit]]
* [[Vedic chant]]
* [[Vedic period]]
* [https://kirtankar.com/difference-between-kirtan-and-bhajan/ Difference Between Kirtan and Bhajan]
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://kirtankar.com/kirtan/ Kirtan]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40871929 The Braj Ras Lila], Darius Swann (1975)
*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/kirtans-call-and-response-chanting-draws-a-growing-number-of-washingtonians/2013/01/08/ef2cc87a-59a9-11e2-88d0-c4cf65c3ad15_story.html Kirtan’s call-and-response chanting draws a growing number of Washingtonians] The Washington Post, Michelle Boorstein (2013)

{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{Sikhism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kirtan| ]]
[[Category:Hindu prayer and meditation]]
[[Category:Bhakti movement]]
[[Category:Sikh kirtan| ]]
[[Category:Indian folk music]]
[[Category:Indian feminine given names]]
[[Category:Feminine given names]]
[[Category:Hindu music]]
[[Category:Performing arts in India]]
[[Category:Puja (Hinduism)]]
[[Category:Music of Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian styles of music]]

Alka Yagnik

2026-03-21T14:44:09Z

CaseyBroderick: enhance structure

{{short description|Indian playback singer (b. 1966)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alka Yagnik
| image = Alka Yagnik in 2023 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Yagnik in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1966|3|20}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, India
| occupation = [[Playback singer]]
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Alka Yagnik|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Bhushan]] (2026)
| spouse = {{marriage|Neeraj Kapoor|1989}}
| children = 1
| signature =
| mother =
| father =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| years_active = 1980–present
| instrument = [[Vocals]]
| genre = [[Filmi]]
| website =
}}
}}

'''Alka Yagnik''' (born 20 March 1966) is an Indian [[playback singer]] who worked predominantly in [[Hindi cinema]] from 1980s to mid 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yesnearme.com/news/alka-yagnik-the-legendary-singer/|title=Alka Yagnik : The Legendary Singer - You Won't Miss A Thing|date=21 June 2024|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/alka-yagnik-birthday-essential-songs/|title=20 Timeless Hits To Mark Alka Yagnik's Birthday|first=Amit|last=Vaidya|date=20 March 2022|accessdate=6 August 2025}}</ref> One of the most prominent singers of 1990s era [[Bollywood]], she has received [[#Accolades|several accolades]] including two [[National Film Awards]], two [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]] and seven [[Filmfare Awards]] for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]{{NoteTag| Tied with [[Asha Bhosle]].}} from thirty-seven nominations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taneja |first1=Parina |date=18 February 2022 |title=Kumar Sanu and Alka Yagnik to reunite after 5 years on stage for Dubai concert |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/kumar-sanu-and-alka-yagnik-to-reunite-after-5-years-on-stage-for-dubai-concert-2022-02-18-760268 |work=India TV News |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wishing a happy birthday to the queen of melody Alka Yagnik |url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180320-wishing-happy-birthday-the-queen-melody-alka |work=Radio and Music |date=20 March 2018 |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Shalu |date=20 March 2018 |title=Birthday Special Playlist: Thank You Alka Yagnik for giving us melodious tracks that we can play on loop |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities-birthday-special-playlist-thank-you-alka-yagnik-for-giving-us-melodious-tracks-that-we-can-play-in-loop-433525 |work=India TV News |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Digitisation can enhance your singing, not your skill: Alka Yagnik - Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/digitisation-can-enhance-your-singing-not-your-skill-alka-yagnik/story-M72lMSYHFsqYMmnM2K9weO.html}}</ref> She was honoured with [[Padma Bhushan]] by the Government of India for her contribution to Indian music and playback singing in 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2026 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Padma_Awards2026W_25012026.pdf |website=Ministry of Home Affairs |publisher=Government of India |date=25 January 2026 |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

Yagnik has sung maximum female solo songs in her Bollywood career along with [[Lata Mangeshkar]] and [[Asha Bhosle]].<ref name="ht01">{{cite web |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bollywood-songs-gender/index.html |title=Women are fading out from Bollywood music |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513120249/https://www.hindustantimes.com/interactives/bollywood-songs-gender/index.html |archive-date=13 May 2019}}</ref> Several of her soundtracks were included in the [[BBC]] "Top 40 [[Hindi film music|Bollywood soundtracks]] of all time".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/features/top40_soundtracks_10_01.shtml |title=BBC – Asian Network – Top 40 Soundtracks of All Time |work=BBC |access-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530050854/http://www.bbc.co.uk/asiannetwork/features/top40_soundtracks_10_01.shtml |archive-date=30 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Yagnik is the most popular music artist of all time on [[YouTube]], with the mention in the Guinness Book of World Records of 17 billion streams in 2021 and 16.6 billion in 2020. As of 2026, she is the most streamed weekly music artist on Youtube.<ref>{{cite web |title= Guinness World Records |date=20 January 2023 |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2023/1/bollywood-singer-alka-yagnik-is-the-most-listened-to-artist-on-youtube-733768|via=YouTube |access-date=21 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2026 LIVE: Dharmendra, former Kerala CM Achuthanandan awarded Padma Vibhushan posthumously, actor Mammootty awarded Padma Bhushan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/padma-awards-live-updates-on-january-25-2026/article70549230.ece |website=The Hindu |access-date=25 January 2026 |language=en-IN |date=25 January 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=YouTube Music Charts | url=https://charts.youtube.com/}}</ref>

==Early life==
Yagnik was born in [[Kolkata]] on 20 March 1966 to a [[Gujaratis|Gujarati]] family.<ref name="tnn44">{{cite news |date=20 March 2019 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/photo-gallery/lesser-known-facts-about-the-agar-tum-saath-ho-singer-alka-yagnik-you-would-love-to-know/386029 |title=Alka Yagnik birthday: Lesser known facts about the Agar Tum Saath Ho singer, you would love to know |work=Times Now News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327171928/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/photo-gallery/lesser-known-facts-about-the-agar-tum-saath-ho-singer-alka-yagnik-you-would-love-to-know/386029 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> Her father's name is Dharmendra Shankar.<ref name="ff01">{{cite web |url=https://m.filmfare.com/features/a-lot-of-songs-were-taken-away-from-me-alka-yagnik-27191-2.html |title=A Lots of Songs Were Taken From Me |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513093709/https://m.filmfare.com/features/a-lot-of-songs-were-taken-away-from-me-alka-yagnik-27191-2.html |archive-date=13 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alkayagnik.co.in/about_me.html |title=Alka_Yagnik |publisher=Alkayagnik.co.in |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905010829/http://www.alkayagnik.co.in/about_me.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her mother Shubha was a singer of [[Indian classical music]]. In 1972 at age six, she started singing for Akashvani ([[All India Radio]]), Calcutta.<ref name="tnn44"/><ref name="number1">{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111016/jsp/graphiti/story_14627875.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018164628/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111016/jsp/graphiti/story_14627875.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2011 |title=Fine Tuning |publisher=The Telegraph, Calcutta, India |access-date=16 October 2011 |first=A Hit |last=Number |date=16 October 2011}}</ref> At age 10, her mother brought her to [[Mumbai]] as a child singer. She was advised to wait until her voice matured, but her mother remained determined. On a subsequent visit, Yagnik got a letter of introduction to [[Raj Kapoor]] from his Kolkata distributor. Kapoor heard the girl and sent her with a letter to noted music director [[Laxmikant Shantaram Kudalkar]]. Impressed, Laxmikant gave her two alternatives – an immediate start as a dubbing artist or a later break as a singer; Shubha chose the latter for her daughter.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Me |url=http://www.alkayagnik.co.in/about_me.html |publisher=Alka Yagnik |year=2008 |access-date=3 May 2008 |archive-date=5 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905010829/http://www.alkayagnik.co.in/about_me.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yagnik mentioned that she was a bright student but didn't like studies.<ref name="ff01"/>

==Career==
Alka Yagnik began singing at the age of four and was trained in classical music. She has sung romantic, sad, peppy, and item number songs across a career spanning more than four decades.<ref>{{cite web |title=Digitisation can enhance your singing, not your skill: Alka Yagnik |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/digitisation-can-enhance-your-singing-not-your-skill-alka-yagnik/story-M72lMSYHFsqYMmnM2K9weO.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=4 January 2015}}</ref> Yagnik frequently sang duets with [[Kumar Sanu]], followed by [[Udit Narayan]] and [[Sonu Nigam]], and is regarded as a leading female playback singer of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=38th Anniversary: When music was the hero |url=https://m.mid-day.com/articles/mid-day-38th-anniversary-when-music-was-the-hero-bollywood-news/18364186 |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |date=23 June 2017}}</ref> She has credited veteran composers [[Lakshmikant-Pyarelal]] and [[Kalyanji-Anandji]] for mentoring and shaping her voice.<ref>{{cite news |title=Musical notes with Alka Yagnik|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/interview-musical-notes-with-alka-yagnik-2011318/amp#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Superstar Singer 2: Alka Yagnik calls Anandji her 'Godfather'; says, "Whatever I am today is hugely because of him"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/superstar-singer-2-alka-yagnik-calls-anandji-her-godfather-says-whatever-i-am-today-is-hugely-because-of-him/articleshow/91705659.cms}}</ref>

==In the media and legacy==
Yagnik is recognised as one of the most versatile female playback singers in India.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Alka Yagnik: I'd die if a song I recorded is given to someone else |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Alka-Yagnik-Id-die-if-a-song-I-recorded-is-given-to-someone-else/articleshow/50579022.cms?from=mdr |work=[[The Times of India]]| date=16 January 2017 }}</ref> She became the most-streamed Indian artist-mom on [[Spotify]] in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Alka Yagnik is number one on this list |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/hot-news/alka-yagnik-is-number-one-on-this-list |access-date=22 February 2022 |work=TheQuint |date=8 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Publications such as [[Rolling Stone]], [[The Times of India]], [[Hindustan Times]], and [[Mid-Day]] have cited her voice and versatility, and [[Filmfare]] has recognised her as one of India's celebrated playback singers.<ref>{{cite news| title=Birthday Special: 10 Iconic Songs of Alka Yagnik|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/birthday-special-10-iconic-songs-of-alka-yagnik-57495.html}}</ref> Contemporary singers [[Lata Mangeshkar]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]] and [[Sonu Nigam]] and composers such as [[A.R. Rehman]], [[Lalit Pandit]], [[Vani Jairam]], and [[M.M. Keeravani]] have praised her vocal ability, versatility, and contribution to Indian music.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Subhash K |first1=Jha |title=How can I disrespect Lata, Asha: Sunidhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/how-can-i-disrespect-lata-asha-sunidhi/story-yEVvMI5KsGdMcHeVjo4W6K_amp.html |access-date=20 June 2022 |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |work=Hindustan Times |date=14 June 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Coutinho |first1=Natasha |date=28 November 2013 |title=Sunidhi Chauhan: My sis sings 100 times better |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131128/entertainment-tvmusic/article/sunidhi-chauhan-my-sis-sings-100-times-better |work=Deccan Chronicle |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media | title=InterACT with Padma Wadkar feat. Sonu Nigam |url=https://ajivasanmusicacademy.com/act-2022/ |work=Ajivasan Music Academy |access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=How A.R. Rahman transformed Punjabi Music in 'Chamkila' - Revealed on RoTalks from Fever FM |url=https://rahmaniac.com/video-interviews/video-interviews-2024/fever-fm-ro-talks-ar-rahman/ |access-date=26 July 2025 |date=1 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |date=21 March 2023 |title=Lalit Pandit on Alka Yagnik's strong musical bond with Jatin-Lalit |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/lalit-pandit-on-alka-yagniks-strong-musical-bond-with-jatin-lalit/articleshow/98872270.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{ cite news | title=I don't abuse my voice: Vani Jairam| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/music/i-do-not-abuse-my-voice-vani-jairam/articleshow/47456393.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Subhash K. |date=20 March 2023 |title=Alka Yagnik's musical journey is full of unforgettable gems like Gali Mein Chand Nikla and Suno Jane Wale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/alka-yagniks-musical-journey-is-full-of-unforgettable-gems-like-gali-mein-chand-nikla-and-suno-jane-wale/articleshow/98805478.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=26 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohamed |first1=Khalid |date=7 February 2022 |title=Marriage, Rivalry, Politics: Lata Mangeshkar Covers It All in Her Last Interview |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/lata-mangeshkar-last-extensive-interview-marriage-rivalry-politics |work=TheQuint |access-date=26 January 2026}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Yagnik married [[Shillong]]-based businessman Neeraj Kapoor in 1989, with whom she has a daughter named Syesha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Alka Yagnik Birthday Special: From 'Tip Tip Barsa' to 'Lal Dupatta,' Top 10 songs by the soulful singer |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/alka-yagnik-birthday-special-from-tip-tip-barsa-to-lal-dupatta-top-10-songs-by-the-soulful-singer |work=Free Press Journal |date=19 March 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022}}</ref>

In 2024 she was diagnosed with [[sensorineural hearing loss]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mishra |date=19 June 2024 |first1=Lata |title=Alka Yagnik's 'hearing loss' a disorder hard to reverse: Doctors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/alka-yagniks-hearing-loss-a-disorder-hard-to-reverse-doctors/articleshow/111094199.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=23 June 2024}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|List of songs recorded by Alka Yagnik}}

==Filmography==
Besides singing, Yagnik also judged several singing reality shows on television.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/exclusive-kids-were-the-main-reason-for-me-to-choose-superstar-singer-says-alka-yagnik/ |title=Kids were the main reason for me to choose Superstar Singer, says Alka Yagnik |date=3 July 2019 |publisher=Eastern Eye}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Name !! class="sortable" | Notes !! Channel !! class="sortable" | Ref
|-
|1992
|''[[Sapne Sajan Ke]]''
|Yagnik also appeared in film Sapne Sajan Ke in a song 'Yeh Dua Hai Meri' with co-singer [[Kumar Sanu]].
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|-
|2006
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]] ''
|She made her first television debut with the show.
|[[Zee TV]]
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''[[Comedy Nights with Kapil]]''
|On 25 May 2014 she appeared as a special guest along with [[Kumar Sanu]] for the popular TV show Comedy Nights with Kapil.
|[[Colors TV]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tellyreviews.com/2014/05/25/comedy-nights-with-kapil-25th-may-2014-on-colors-tv-written-update-with-alka-yagnik/ |title=Comedy Nights with Alka & Sanu |year=2014 |access-date=20 May 2014}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]]''
|She had done Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs as a judge in first Season and fifth Season as a Maha Guru (also in previous 2 seasons).
|Zee TV
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/alka-yagnik-to-judge-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs/ |title=Alka Yagnik to judge 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs' |work=The Indian Express |date=22 December 2014}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''[[Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!]]''
|In November 2016, she appeared in a Hindi comedy serial Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain! with [[Kumar Sanu]] in a special one hour episode.
|[[&TV]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/saumya-tandon-fan-moment-alka-yagnik-on-sets-bhabhiji-ghar-par-hai/17772167 |title=Saumya Tandon's fan moment on sets 'Bhabhiji Ghar Par Hai' |publisher=[[Mid-Day]] |date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan='2' |2017
|''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]''
|Yagnik also appeared as a guest in Hindi serial 'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'
|[[StarPlus|STAR Plus]]
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/yeh-rishta-kya-kehlata-hai-september-4-2017-written-update-alka-yagnik-pays-tribute-to-akshara-at-sangeet-ceremony/articleshow/60373037.cms |title=Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai September 4, 2017 written update: Alka Yagnik pays tribute to Akshara at sangeet ceremony |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 September 2017 }}</ref>
|-
|'' [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2017|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li’l Champs]]''
|She came with her co-singer [[Udit Narayan]] and sung many duets of the 1990s.
|Zee TV
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-lil-champs-udit-narayan-alka-yagnik-take-the-audience-on-a-90s-nostalgia-trip-see-pics-videos-4624584/ |title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Li'l Champs: Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik take the audience on a 90's nostalgia trip |date=23 April 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan='2'|2018
|''[[Rising Star (Indian season 2)|Rising Star]]''
|She appears as a guest and gave a special tribute to late actress [[Sridevi]]
|[[Viacom 18|Colors]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/rising-star-s02/2/548363/alka-yagnik-s-tribute-to-sridevi/570655 |title=Alka Yagink's Tribute To Sridevi}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Indian Idol]] ''
|She appeared in 10th season of Indian Idol with co-singer [[Kumar Sanu]].
| rowspan="3" |[[Sony Entertainment Television]]
|<ref>{{cite news |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |title=Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu, Udit Narayan to usher in Navratri on TV |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/alka-yagnik-kumar-sanu-udit-narayan-to-usher-in-navratri-on-tv-news-bollywood-vkghltfjdafde.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007002819/https://www.sify.com/movies/alka-yagnik-kumar-sanu-udit-narayan-to-usher-in-navratri-on-tv-news-bollywood-vkghltfjdafde.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 October 2021 |access-date=20 June 2022 |work=Sify |date=6 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan='2'| 2019
|''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]''
|She appeared in The Kapil Sharma Show with other two judges for the promotion of her show '[[Superstar Singer]]'.
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-kapil-sharma-show-preview-superstar-singer-team-5794356/ |title=The Kapil Sharma Show preview: A musical night with Superstar Singer team |date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Superstar Singer]]''
|In 2019, she appeared in Superstar Singer as a Judge in [[Sony TV]].
|<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/alka-yagnik-not-neha-kakkar-to-judge-music-reality-show/articleshow/68267779.cms |title=Alka Yagnik to judge music reality show |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs]]''
|Besides Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan and Kumar Sanu appeared as judges after 30 years.
|Zee TV
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Udit Narayan, Alka Yagnik and Kumar Sanu launch the new season of SaReGaMaPa Lil Champs 2020 |url=https://www.mumbailive.com/en/television/udit-narayan-alka-yagnik-kumar-sanu-on-zee-tv-saregamapa-lil-champs-2020-with-manish-paul-45980 |access-date=4 March 2020 |work=Mumbai Live |date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|}

She also appeared in ''Star Voice of India'' as a judge.<ref name="tnn44"/> She appears as a guest with Udit Narayan in Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-this-is-adorable-check-out-alka-yagnik-and-udit-narayan-s-cute-banter-on-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-li-l-champs-2406985 |title=Alka Yagnik and Udit Narayan's cute BANTER on Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs |publisher=DNA |date=19 April 2017}}</ref>

She has also been a judge on fame gurukul, superstar singer 2, super singer plus,sa re ga ma pa-2009 and Indian idol and 2 seasons of Bengali sa re ga ma pa

==Awards and nominations==
{{See also|List of awards and nominations received by Alka Yagnik}}
Yagnik has won several accolades including two [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] for her songs: "Ghoongat Ki Aad Se" from ''[[Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke]]'' (1993)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf |title=41st National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116081835/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/76_41stNfacatalogue.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> and "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai" from ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'' (1998).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/focus/fojul99/fo1907992d.html |title=46th National Film Awards (PIB - Feature films) |publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819080140/http://pib.nic.in/focus/fojul99/fo1907992d.html |url-status=live}}</ref> She has won a record seven [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]]{{NoteTag| Tied with [[Asha Bhosle]].}} for her songs: "[[Ek Do Teen (song)|Ek Do Teen]]" from ''[[Tezaab]]'' (1988),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368584.cms |title=The Filmfare Awards Winners – 1988 |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014010946/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368584.cms |archive-date=14 October 2007}}</ref> "[[Choli Ke Peeche Kya Hai]]" from ''[[Khalnayak]]'' (1993),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368614.cms |title=The Filmfare Awards Winners – 1993 |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028113049/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368614.cms |archive-date=28 October 2007}}</ref> "Zara Tasveer Se Tu" from ''[[Pardes (1997 film)|Pardes]]'' (1998),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368661.cms |title=43rd Filmfare Awards 1998 Winners |work=[[Times Internet|Indian Times]] |access-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508090623/http://filmfareawards.indiatimes.com/articleshow/368661.cms |archive-date=8 May 2006 |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref> "Taal Se Taal" from ''[[Taal (film)|Taal]]'' (2000),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2000/cs1a.html |title=The 45th Filmfare Awards 2000 Winners |work=[[Times Internet|Indian Times]] |access-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325154018/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/site/april2000/cs1a.html |archive-date=25 March 2012 |agency=[[The Times Group]]}}</ref> "Dil Ne Yeh Kaha Hai Dil Se" from ''[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]'' (2001), "O Re Chhori" from ''[[Lagaan]]'' (2002) and "Hum Tum" from ''[[Hum Tum (film)|Hum Tum]]'' (2005) from a record thirty-six nominations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmfare Awards Winners From 1953 to 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards/winners |access-date=14 February 2020 |work=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> Additionally she has won two [[Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards]]. For her contribution in the field of music, Yagnik was bestowed with the [[Lata Mangeshkar Award]] in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/alka-yagnik-and-udit-narayan-to-get-lata-mangeshkar-award/articleshow/61162779.cms |title=Alka Yagnik and Udit Narayan to get Lata Mangeshkar Award |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 February 2022}}</ref> She was awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] in 2026.<ref name=''PadmaBhushan''>{{Cite news |last=Saxena |first=Shipra |date=25 January 2026 |title=धर्मेंद्र को निधन के बाद मिलेगा पद्म विभूषण,सुरों की मलिका अल्का याग्निक को मिला पद्म भूषण, तो ममूटी और सतीश शाह को मिला ये अवॉर्ड |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/89-years-old-veteran-actor-after-death-dharmendra-to-get-padma-vibhushan-2026-singer-alka-yagnik/3086038 |work=Zee News |language=hi |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian playback singers]]

==References==
===Notes===
{{reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0003504}}
* [https://wynk.in/music/artist/alka-yagnik/wa_4f294505 Alka Yagnik Top MP3 Songs Playlist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604093840/https://wynk.in/music/artist/alka-yagnik/wa_4f294505 |date=4 June 2021 }}

{{Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 2020–2029}}
{{National Film Award Best Female Playback Singer}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestFemaleSinger}}
{{IIFAAwardBestFemalePlaybackSiner}}
{{Screen Award for Best Female Playback Singer}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestPlaybackFemale}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yagnik, Alka}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Gujarati singers]]
[[Category:Bengali singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Assamese-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Marathi-language singers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Women musicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:Best Female Playback Singer National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts]]

List of tallest buildings in Chennai

2026-03-20T15:35:56Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{short description|Skyscrapers in Chennai, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Chennai Skyline Anna Salai.jpg|thumb|450px|A portion of Chennai's skyline, showing taller buildings dotting [[Anna Salai]].]]

[[File:SPR Highliving District Towers - Tallest Building in Chennai - As of January 2022.jpg|thumb|SPR Highliving District Towers - Tallest Building in Chennai - As of January 2022]]

This '''list of tallest buildings in Chennai''' ranks high-rise and skyscraper buildings in [[Chennai]], [[India]] based on official height.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/city/chennai-india/high-rise-buildings/1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208045843/http://www.emporis.com/city/chennai-india/high-rise-buildings/1 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=8 February 2013 |title=High-Rise Buildings, Chennai |publisher=Emporis.com}}</ref> [[LIC Building]] in the city was the tallest high-rise in [[India]] when it was inaugurated in 1959. Since the 2010s, [[Chennai]] is witnessing a huge high-rise boom with many high-rises being built in different parts of the city. [[SPR Highliving District Towers|SPR City Highliving District]] at [[Perambur|Perumbur]] is the tallest building in the city with a height of 172 metres (561 ft) and 45 floors. The [[World Trade Center Chennai|World Trade Center]] at [[Perungudi]], the Houses of Hiranandani in [[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]], the TCS Signature Towers at [[Siruseri]], the [[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay]] at Padur, the [[LIC Building]] at [[Anna Salai|Mount Road]], [[Hyatt Regency Chennai]] at [[Teynampet]] and [[Arihant Majestic Towers]] at [[Koyambedu]] are some of the various prominent high-rises in the city.

Despite being a port city and a major commercial center, Chennai does not have any supertall skyscrapers like other major cities in India due to the presence of weather radar placed in the city by the Indian government.

==Background==
[[File:LIC building, Chennai.jpg|thumb|right|210px|LIC Building, the first high-rise of Chennai and the tallest in India when opened in 1959]]
Unlike other metropolitan cities in the country, Chennai continues to experience a horizontal growth (that is, expanding continuously in its area) rather than a vertical growth by means of building more skyscrapers, owing to the presence of [[Doppler weather radar|weather radar]] at the [[Chennai Port]], which prohibits construction of taller buildings beyond its permissible limits.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Koshy| first = Jacob P.| title = Doppler radar may put cap on building heights| newspaper = Livemint| location = New Delhi| publisher = Live Mint and the Wall Street Journal| date = 13 December 2007| url = https://www.livemint.com/Industry/OODRIEHbh9UFiYHBvNgaJP/Doppler-radar-may-put-cap-on-building-heights.html| accessdate = 14 September 2012}}</ref> The maximum permissible building height in Chennai was limited to 40 m until 1998, when it was increased to 60 m.<ref>{{cite news| title = Plea to okay draft Master Plan| location = Chennai| date = 18 July 2008| url = http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/18/stories/2008071860190400.htm| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080721192511/http://www.hindu.com/2008/07/18/stories/2008071860190400.htm| url-status = dead| archive-date = 21 July 2008| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]| accessdate = 14 September 2012}}</ref><ref name="Dinamalar_45StoriedTower">{{cite news| title = சென்னையில் 45 மாடி கட்டடம்: விதிகளை தளர்த்தி அரசு அனுமதி| newspaper = Dinamalar| location = Chennai| language = ta| date = 9 March 2017| url = https://www.dinamalar.com/news/tamil-nadu-news/news/1726471| access-date = 29 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="TOI_171meters">{{cite news| last = TNN| title = Skyscrapers enter Chennai at 171 metres; OMR tower to be Chennai's tallest | newspaper = The Times of India| location = Chennai| publisher = The Times Group| date = 20 February 2013| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Skyscrapers-enter-Chennai-at-171-metres-OMR-tower-to-be-Chennais-tallest/articleshow/18584954.cms | accessdate = 14 September 2020}}</ref> This restriction continued until the second master plan of the [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]] was rolled out in 2008, after which the restriction was lifted, allowing buildings taller than 60 meters to be built.<ref>{{cite news| title = Skyscrapers enter Chennai at 171 metres; OMR tower to be Chennai's tallest| newspaper = The Times of India| location = Chennai| publisher = The Times Group| date = 20 February 2013| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Skyscrapers-enter-Chennai-at-171-metres-OMR-tower-to-be-Chennais-tallest/articleshow/18584954.cms| accessdate = 24 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="TH_ChennaiLooksToSkies"/> Until then, the [[LIC Building]] on [[Anna Salai]], with 15 floors, dominated the city's skyline for almost four decades. Even the next tallest building, a 10-storied residential tower of the [[Tamil Nadu Housing Board]] (TNHB) at [[Nandanam]], was not built until almost a decade later in 1968.<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Chennai's second oldest tower being razed
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| pages =
| language =
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 20 May 2018
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/chennais-second-oldest-tower-being-razed/articleshow/64241291.cms
| access-date = 15 July 2024}}</ref> However, after the big companies started building tall concrete structures in the city in the first and second decades of the twenty-first century, the skyline started changing, especially along the periphery,<ref name="TOI_Viewfrom theTop">{{cite news| last = Nambiar| first = Sangeetha|author2=Arjun Narayanan| title = View From the Top| newspaper = The Times of India| location = Chennai| publisher = The Times Group| date = 20 October 2012| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2012/10/20&PageLabel=55&EntityId=Ar05100&DataChunk=Ar05501&ViewMode=HTML| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072710/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOICH/2012/10/20&PageLabel=55&EntityId=Ar05100&DataChunk=Ar05501&ViewMode=HTML| url-status = dead| archive-date = 4 March 2016| accessdate = 20 October 2012}}</ref> and more so in south Chennai along the [[Old Mahabalipuram Road]], [[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]], [[Perumbakkam]], and the [[East Coast Road]].<ref name="TH_ChennaiLooksToSkies"/> According to realty portal Commonfloor.com, as of 2014, there were 96 high-rises (buildings with 10 or more storeys) and 148 buildings under construction or planned.<ref name="TH_ChennaiLooksToSkies">{{cite news| last = Menon| first = Vishal| title = Chennai looks to the skies | newspaper = The Hindu| location = Chennai| publisher = Kasturi & Sons| date = 31 October 2014| url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/homes-and-gardens/five-years-after-the-cmda-allowed-buildings-to-go-above-60-metres-chennais-skyline-finally-begins-to-look-up-finds-vishal-menon/article6552974.ece | accessdate = 13 September 2020}}</ref>

As of 2020, SPR city Highliving Tower H remains the tallest building in Chennai with a maximum height of {{convert|172.5|m|ft|0}} and 45 floors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.houseofhiranandani.com/chennai/egattur-omr/bayview |title=Residential Projects in Chennai House of Hiranandani |publisher=houseofhiranandani.com}}</ref> Many more high-rises are already under construction in the city and dozens are proposed. However, the height of the buildings in the central business district has seldom gone beyond 20 floors. Almost 500 high-rises have already been constructed in the city,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chennai high-rise|url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100244/chennai-india|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421092607/http://www.emporis.com/city/100244/chennai-india|archive-date=21 April 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref> of which the majority are residential.<ref>{{cite news| last = Kabirdoss| first = Yogesh| title = TNHB plans Petronas-like twin towers in Nandanam| newspaper = The Times of India| location = Chennai| publisher = The Times Group| date = 13 October 2017| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tnhb-plans-petronas-like-twin-towers-in-nandanam/articleshow/61061274.cms| accessdate = 15 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Shivakumar | first = C. | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/08/state-of-the-art-commerce-hub-likely-on-anna-salai-1987448.html |title= State-of-the-art commerce hub likely on Anna Salai |publisher= The New Indian Express |date= 8 June 2019 |accessdate=1 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last = Shivakumar | first = C. | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/dec/23/tamil-nadu-housing-board-to-have-its-new-office-in-koyambedu-2079748.html |title= Tamil Nadu Housing Board to have its new office in Koyambedu? |publisher= The New Indian Express |date= 23 December 2019 |accessdate=7 September 2020 }}</ref>

== Tallest buildings ==
[[File:Vinee.JPG|thumb|210px|The 30-storied TVH Ouranya Bay]]
[[File:WTC_UnderConst.jpg|thumb|210px|[[World Trade Center Chennai|World Trade Center]], [[Chennai]]]]
[[File:TCS-Siruseri-Building.jpg|thumb|210px|TCS Signature Tower at [[Siruseri]], [[Chennai]]]][[File:NavalurChennai.jpg|thumbnail|210px|A 29-storied skyscraper in southern Chennai]]
This lists ranks buildings in [[Chennai]] according to height. All the buildings listed below rise at least up to a height of {{convert|70|m|ft|0}}.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
|- style="background:#ececec;"
!Name
!Image
!Locale
!Height
!Floors
!Building type
!Year
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-H—SPR City]]<ref name="Dinamalar_45StoriedTower" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 March 2020|title=History of Tallest buildings in Chennai - SPR Highliving|url=https://www.sprhighliving.com/blog/tallest-buildings-in-chennai/|access-date=8 April 2021|website=SPR Highliving Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> Luxury collection PRESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS
|[[File:SPR City, Chennai - 22 December 2021.jpg|frameless|160x160px]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|172|m|ft|0}}
|47
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Anchorage, House of Hiranandani
|[[File:Hiranandani Estate at night 2013.jpg|frameless|226x226px]]
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|2019
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-A-SPR City]]
|[[File:SPR City, Chennai - 22 December 2021.jpg|frameless|160x160px]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|144|m|ft|0}}
|38
|Residential
|2020
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-B-SPR City]]
|[[File:SPR City, Chennai - 22 December 2021.jpg|frameless|160x160px]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|144|m|ft|0}}
|38
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Appasamy Altezza Tower 1
|
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|138|m|ft|0}}
|40
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Bayview House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|134|m|ft|0}}
|40
|Residential
|2015
|-
|Amalfi House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|130|m|ft|0}}
|36
|Residential
|2015
|-
|Tiana House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|130|m|ft|0}}
|34
|Residential
|2019
|-
|TCS Signature Tower
|
|[[Siruseri]]
|{{convert|130|m|ft|0}}<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.tekla.com/global-bim-awards-2014/bim-tcs-signature-tower.html | title = TCS Signature Tower | last = Eversendai Construction | date = n.d.| website = Tekla.com | publisher = Tekla| access-date = 18 September 2020}}</ref>
|28
|Office
|2015<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mero.com.sg/project_references/tcs-signature-tower/ | title = TCS Signature Tower | date = n.d.| website = MERO | publisher = MERO| access-date = 18 September 2020}}</ref>
|-
|Edina House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|115|m|ft|0}}
|31
|Residential
|2015
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 1
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 2
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 3
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 4
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 5
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Dinesh Vihar AWHO, OMR Tower 6
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2018
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 1]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 2]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 3]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 4]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 5]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|[[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay 6]]
|[[File:Vinee.JPG|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2013
|-
|Baashyaam Pinnacle Crest Tower 1
|
|[[Sholinganallur]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2016
|-
|Birchwood by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2011
|-
|Greenwood by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2011
|-
|Seawood by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2011
|-
|Brentwood by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2011
|-
|Oceanic by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2011
|-
|Pinewood by House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|110|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2013
|-
|Voora Oceans 27 (Tower 1)
|
|[[Tondiarpet]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Voora Oceans 27 (Tower 2)
|
|[[Tondiarpet]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Baashyaam Crown Residencies Signature Tower
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 1
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 2
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 3
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 4
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 5
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 6
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 7
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 8
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 9
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 10
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 11
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Crown Residencies Tower 12
|
|[[Koyambedu]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|2024
|-
|[[Hiranandani Palace Gardens, Chennai|Windsor Hiranandani Palace Gardens]]
|[[File:HiranandaniParks.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Oragadam]]
|{{convert|106|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2017
|-
|[[Hiranandani Palace Gardens, Chennai|Wilton Hiranandani Palace Gardens]]
|[[File:HiranandaniParks.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Oragadam]]
|{{convert|106|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2017
|-
|[[Hiranandani Palace Gardens, Chennai|Belvoir Hiranandani Palace Gardens]]
|[[File:HiranandaniParks.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Oragadam]]
|{{convert|106|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2017
|-
|[[Hiranandani Palace Gardens, Chennai|Belchamp Hiranandani Palace Gardens]]
|[[File:HiranandaniParks.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Oragadam]]
|{{convert|106|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Emami Tejomaya Tower 1
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|105|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Emami Tejomaya Tower 2
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|105|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Emami Tejomaya Tower 3
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|105|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2017
|-
|[[World Trade Center, Chennai|World Trade Center]] Tower 1
|[[File:WTC Taller Tower A at midday.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|122|m|ft|0}}<ref name="CMDA_WTCApprPlan">{{cite web
| url = https://www.cmdachennai.gov.in/FINAL/Tower1/HRB/MSBS/C3(S)_3448_2017/PDF/APPROVED%20PLAN.pdf
| title = WTC: Approved Plan
| last =
| first =
| date = n.d.
| website = CMDA
| publisher = CMDA Chennai
| access-date = 2 January 2025
| quote = }}</ref>
|28
|Commercial
|2020
|-
|Brigade Residences Tower 1 [[World Trade Center, Chennai|World Trade Center]]
|
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|26
|Residential
|2024
|-
|Brigade Residences Tower 2 [[World Trade Center, Chennai|World Trade Center]]
|
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|102|m|ft|0}}
|26
|Residential
|2025
|-
|Sinovia House of Hiranandani
|
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|100|m|ft|0}}
|26
|Residential
|2015
|-
|Baashyaam Pinnacle Crest Tower 2
|
|[[Sholinganallur]]
|{{convert|100|m|ft|0}}
|27
|Residential
|2016
|-
|DLF downtown, 1DT,2DT
|
|Taramani
|87
|20
|Commercial
|2023
|-
|TIDEL Park
|
|[[Avadi]]
|
|22
|ITES
|2024
|-
|Casagrand Crescendo
|
|Mogappair
|
|22
|Residential
|2021
|-
|CtrlS datacenter
|
|Ambattur
|94 meters
|15
|Data Center
|Topped out
|-
|DLF Downtown 3DT
|
|Taramani
|83
|19
|Commercial
|2024
|-
|Elevate 21
|Kottivakkam
|72.18
|G+21
|Residential
|Topped out
|
|-
|[[World Trade Center, Chennai|World Trade Center]] Tower 2
|[[File:WTCChennai NorthTower.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|82|m|ft|0}}<ref name="CMDA_WTCApprPlan" />
|21
|Commercial
|2020
|-
|Appasamy Altezza Tower 2
|
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|82|m|ft|0}}
|22
|Residential
|Topped out
|-
|Appasamy Altezza Tower 3
|
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|82|m|ft|0}}
|22
|Topped out
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower A
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower B
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower C
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower D
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower E
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower F
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower G
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower H
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower J
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower K
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower L
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower M
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower N
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
||{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Metrozone Tower P
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Metrozone Tower Q
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Metrozone Tower R
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Metrozone Tower S
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Metrozone Tower T
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Metrozone Tower U
|
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2021
|-
|Embassy Residencies Fern
|
|[[Perumbakkam]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Embassy Residencies Marigold
|
|[[Perumbakkam]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Embassy Residencies Lavender
|
|[[Perumbakkam]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Indiabulls Ozone Greens Block D
|
|[[Perumbakkam]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|Indiabulls Ozone Greens Block E
|
|[[Perumbakkam]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2020
|-
|DLF Garden City Amber Court 1
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Amber Court 2
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Hazel Towers
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Violet Grove
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Lilac Grove 1
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Lilac Grove 2
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Lilac Grove 3
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Orchid View 1
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Olive Heights 1
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|DLF Garden City Olive Heights 2
|
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2018
|-
|Neel Kamal Apartments Tower 1
|
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Neel Kamal Apartments Tower 2
|
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Neel Kamal Apartments Tower 3
|
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Neel Kamal Apartments Tower 4
|
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2017
|-
|Neel Kamal Apartments Tower 5
|
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|75|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|2017
|-
|La Verde Mare Antareeksh 9 Towers (Jains)
|
|perungudi
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|Few constructed
Rest U/C
|-
|[[Hyatt Regency Chennai]]
|[[File:The first Hyatt Hotel in South India.jpg|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Teynampet]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Commercial
|1999
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 1
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 2
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 3
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 4
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 5
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 6
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 7
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|-
|Alliance Orchid Springs-Tower 8
|
|[[Korattur]]
|{{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
|18
|Residential
|2019
|}

==Tallest under construction or proposed==

=== Under construction ===
This lists buildings that are under construction in the city and are planned to rise at least up to a height of {{convert|70|m|ft|0}}. Buildings that are only approved or proposed are not included in this table.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
!Name
!Locale
!Height
!Floors
!Building type
!Year
|-
|SPR BINNY SKY - THE CAPITAL DISTRICT Residential Tower
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-C-SPR City Phase 2]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|structure around 42nd floor
|-
|Casagrand Mercury—Galaxy 2, Tower 2
|[[Perambur]]
|162 Meters
|43
|Residential
|
|-
|Brigade Altius (pfizer)
3 Towers B2+S+43
|[[Sholinganallur]]
|155 meters
|44
|Residential
|u/c
|-
|Brigade Icon Residential Tower
|Anna Salai/Whites Road
|138.5 Meters
|38<ref>{{cite news | last = Kabirdoss | first = Yogesh | title = Brigade Group constructing Chennai Anna Salai's tallest building | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = The Times Group | date = 12 June 2024 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/brigade-group-constructing-chennai-anna-salais-tallest-building/articleshow/110944222.cms | access-date = 21 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Brigade Group plans to make Chennai it second home, to invest ₹8,000 cr by 2030 | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = Kasturi & Sons | date = 12 June 2024 | url = https://www.thehindu.com/business/brigade-group-plans-to-make-chennai-it-second-home-to-invest-8000-cr-by-2030/article68281014.ece | access-date = 21 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.constructionweekonline.in/projects-tenders/mount-road-chennai-to-get-mixed-use-development-brigade-icon
| title = Mount road Chennai to get mixed-use development, Brigade Icon
| last = Kini Mendes
| first = Jayashree
| date = 12 June 2024
| website = Construction Week Online
| publisher = Construction Week
| access-date = 21 June 2024
| quote = }}</ref>
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|Royal Land Developers Altima -3 blocks
|Kelambakkam/Padur
|155 AAI NOC
122 per plan
|36
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|[[Central Square Towers, Chennai|Central Square Building]]
|[[Park Town, Chennai|Park Town]]
|{{convert|135|m|ft|0}}
|27<ref>{{cite news |last=Sekar |first=Sunitha |date=27 September 2023 |title=Chennai Metro Rail Limited plans to build 27-storey building at Central Square |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chennai-metro-rail-limited-plans-to-build-27-storey-building-at-central-square/article67353246.ece |access-date=15 July 2024 |newspaper=The Hindu |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |location=Chennai |pages= |language=}}</ref>
|Commercial
|U/C
|-
|Voora ONE SEA
|ECR(Kanathur)
|133.10
|42X2
13X1
(1X40+ future)
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|Casagrand Mercury—Galaxy 1, Tower 1
|[[Perambur]]
|
|36
|Residential
|
|-
|Casagrand Mercury—Galaxy 1, Tower 2
|[[Perambur]]
|
|36
|Residential
|
|-
|Casagrand Mercury—Galaxy 2, Tower 1
|[[Perambur]]
|
|36
|Residential
|
|-
|Casagrand Mercury—Galaxy 3, Tower 1
|[[Perambur]]
|
|36
|Residential
|
|-
|Casagrand Suncity Ph1 - 4 Towers
|[[Kelambakkam]]
|[https://www.rera.tn.gov.in/public/storage/upload/8tHPP0gf1pPysMw7X2z5vNhX2bI55BCPJBIWpF7t.pdf 135]
|37
|Residential
|
|-
|Baashyam Enchante
|[[Perungudi]]
|130 AAI NOC
113.40 per Plan
|33
|Residential
|
|-
|DLF Downtown Tower 4,5
|[[Tharamani]]
|130 AAI NOC
|29
|Commercial
|U/C
|-
|Royal Land Developers Altima -3 blocks
|Kelambakkam/Padur
|122 - block1
(155 NOC)
|36 X1 (UC)
36X2 future
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|Altis OceanCliffs
|Kanathur,ECR
|124.95
|1X35
2X34
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|[[Akshaya Abov]]
|[[Padur]]
|{{convert|132|m|ft|0}}<ref>{{cite news
| last = Behl
| first = Vinod
| title = Akshaya launches TN's tallest luxury green residential tower
| newspaper = Realty Plus
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 October 2012 | url = http://www.realtyplusmag.com/rpnewsletter/fullstory.asp?news_id=22234&cat_id=1
| accessdate = 25 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="TH_Akshya38Floors">{{cite news| title = Akshaya to build TN's tallest residential tower with 38 floors | newspaper = Business Line| location = Chennai| publisher = Kasturi & Sons| date = 18 October 2012| url = https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/real-estate/akshaya-to-build-tns-tallest-residential-tower-with-38-floors/article20516560.ece | accessdate = 13 September 2020}}</ref> 150 (nov 2025 AAI NOC)
|38
|Residential
|Halted at 26 Floors
|-
|Sattva IT Towers X 3 towers
|Perungudi
|[https://parivesh.nic.in/certificates/_JANANYA_REALTORS_PRIVATE_LIMITED/2/59662341/V_0_SIA_TN_INFRA2_468684_2024_59662348_-signed.pdf 98.4]
|22,21&21
|Commercial
|EC approved.
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block A
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block B
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block C
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block D
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block E
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block F
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block G
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block H
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block J
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block K
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block L
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block M
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Bollineni Zion Block N
|[[Semmanchery]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|28
|Residential
|
|-
|Ampa HILIFE
Ampa TAJ + TAJ residences
|Amijikarai
|101 meters
(EC certificate)
|24
23
|Hotel
Offices+Res
|~10 Flrs
|-
|Asta properties @ Hotel President site
|RK Salai
|91.95 (CMDA PP-HRB-S-0275-2025)
|23
|Residential
|Approved by CMDA
|-
|ASV Alwarpet
|Alwarpet
|80
|22
|Residential
|CMDA approved
|-
|ASTA AVM ph-2
|Saligramam
|80
|23
|Residential
|
|-
|Urbanrise clover land(whispers of sky)
|Sholinganallur
|90
|2 X S+24
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Brigade Perumbakkam 1X25, 1X19, 1X14
|Perumbakkam
|90
|25
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|Brigade Icon Commercial+Retail Tower
|Anna Salai
|88 Meters
|18
|Commercial
|U/C
|-
|TNHB Mall<ref>{{cite news | last = Kabirdoss | first = Yogesh | title = Tamil Nadu Housing Board to construct mall in Ashok Nagar | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = The Times Group| date = 21 July 2019| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tnhb-to-construct-mall-in-ashok-nagar/articleshow/70312016.cms | access-date = 3 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = 22-storey building to replace TNHB shopping complex | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = The Times Group | date = 22 January 2019 | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/22-storey-bldg-to-replace-tnhb-shopping-complex/articleshow/67633002.cms | access-date = 3 December 2022}}</ref>
|[[Ashok Nagar, Chennai|Ashok Nagar]]
|{{convert|84.5|m|ft|0}}
|23
|Residential and Commercial
|Topped out - May 2025
|-
|Jains Westminster rebuild
|Vadpalani
|81
|22
|Residential
|
|-
|Radiance Eternity
|[[Thoraipakkam]], OMR
|78.5
|23
|Residential
|Approved -U/C
|-
|casagrand platinum Joy
|[[Kundrathur]]
|76
|22
|Commercial
|U/C
|-
|Casagrand Primrose
|Mannivakkam, near Perungulathur
|
|22
|Residential
|U/C
|-
|ETA Techno Park 2 (ETA Techno Park)
|[[Navalur]]
|{{convert|82|m|ft|0}}
|22
|Commercial
|Temporarily stopped
|-
|M One by Lokaa
|[[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]]
|{{convert|79.5|m|ft|0}}
|23
|Residential
|Structure Completed
|-
|Navins Starwood Towers Phase-2 and 3(Cedar and Maple)
|Medavakkam
|73.45
|22
|Residential
|
|-
|Casagrand Massimo
|[[Kundrathur]]
|72.45
|22
|Residential
|
|-
|La Verde Mare Antareeksh 9 Towers (Jains)
|[[Perungudi]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|Few constructed
Rest U/C
|-
|ETA Techno Park 1 (ETA Techno Park)
|[[Navalur]]
|{{convert|82|m|ft|0}}
|22
|Commercial
|Temporarily stopped
|-
|Metrozone Tower V
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower W
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower Y
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower Z
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower AB
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower AC
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Metrozone Tower AD
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|76|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Jade (Olympia Opaline)
|[[Navalur]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Sky Villas (Olympia Opaline)
|[[Navalur]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Palm Grove Anjuna (Godrej)
|[[Thirumazhisai]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Palm Grove Kovalam (Godrej)
|[[Thirumazhisai]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Palm Grove Palmcove (Godrej)
|[[Thirumazhisai]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|-
|Palm Grove Silver Sands (Godrej)
|[[Thirumazhisai]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|
|}

===Proposed===
This lists buildings that are only proposed or approved in the city and are planned to rise at least up to a height of {{convert|60|m|ft|0}}.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#ececec;"
!Name
!Locale
!Height
!Floors
!Building type
!Year
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-D-SPR City Phase 2]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|243|m|ft|0}}
|70
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Emami Tejomaya II
|Egattur
|200
|
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|Emami Mirai
|[[Siruseri]]
|210
|
|Residential
|AAI NOC
|-
|unknown project next to smidth, OMR
|Egattur
|160
|47,46,2X42
|mall+Residential
|
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-E-SPR City Phase 2]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-F-SPR City Phase 2]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-G-SPR City Phase 2]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
|45
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Brigade Toledo
(5 towers)
|[[Perambur]]
|160
|50
44

42

41

39
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved, EC sought
|-
|Urbanise Karappakkam -
6 Towers
|Karappakkam
|142.21
|1 X S+39
4 X S+37

1 X S+34+3 club floors
|Residential
|EC approved
|-
|Baashyam Haddows Road
|Nungambakkam
|149(per EC)
|36 x 3
|
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|Ceebros OMR
|Thoraipakkam, next to Park Plaza hotel)
|130
|5 X G+39 (RES)
1XG+15 (COMM)
|Commercial + Residential
|EC approval IP
|-
|Brigade @YMCA
Trillium Office Tower + JW marriot
|[[Perungudi]]
|130 AAI NOC
|G+27
|Commercial + Hotel
|EC Filed
|-
|Prestige FORUM one + Moxy @ YMCA
|[[Perungudi|OMR,Perungudi]]
|125 AAI
NOC
|G+17
|Mall+Offices+Hotel
|EC granted, AAI NOC approved
|-
|Bagmanae @ Cognizant site
|Karappakkam
|
|27
|commercial
|Demolition in progress
|-
|Incor PBEL city Phase 3
|[[Kelambakkam]]
|120
|4X31
8X14
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|Casagrand Surapet
|Surapet
|110 AAI [https://nocas2.aai.aero/nocas/NOC_Letters/CHEN_SOUTH_B_103025_2145548.pdf NOC]
|1X29
2X27
|Residential
|EC sought
|-
|Baashyam Crowne Plaza
|[[Alwarpet]]
|111
|G+26
|Residential
|ECobtained
|-
|Ritz Carlton
|MRC Nagar
|106
|TBD
|Hotel+Commercial
|AAI NOC received. CRZ approval IP
|-
|Arihant Commercial tower
|[[saidapet]]
|100 AAI NOC
| -
|Commercial
|AAI NOC received
|-
|MKR estates (MGM group)
Office Tower+Hilton
|[[Egmore]]
|96(AAI NOC MKR)
|24(Office)
21(Hotel)
|Commercial
|EC sought for revised plan
|-
|Colt Datacenter
(next to Kosmo one)
|[[Ambattur]]
|92.5
|11 levels
9 levels
|Data Center
|EC sought
|-
|Casagrand
(Behind Int'l school)
|perumbakkam
|90
|2X27
|residential
|EC granted
|-
|Amara - Koyambedu
|PH road, Koyambedu
|88.05
|25
|Residential
|CMDA approved
|-
|Prestige palm courts
|[[Madhavaram, Chennai]]
|78(AAI NOC)
|5XG+22
|Residential
|EC in progress
|-
|Jains Ananta - 3 Towers
|Korattur
|
|24,20&12
|Residential
|EC applied
|-
|Casagrand PH road
|Kattupakkam (13°03'17.2"N 80°07'13.0"E)
|
|G+23
|Residential
|EC sought
|-
|Coromandel Intl(Murugappa Group)
|Kotturpuram
|75
| -
|Commercial
|AAI NOC received.
EC sought
|-
|Casagrand
|Thirumudivakkam
|72.5
|20
|Residential
|CMDA approved
|-
|Jains Aadhya
|Semmencheri
|
|22
|Residential
|approvals sought
|-
|Shriram Koyambedu
|Koyambedu
|66+stack
|21
|Residential
|EC sought
|-
|Casagrand IT Park
|Sholinganallur
|~55
|11
|Commercial
|EC approved
|-
|House of Hiranandani Richmond
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|165
|TBD
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|House of Hiranandani Icon
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|165
|TBD
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|House of Hiranandani Nautica
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|161
|TBD
|Residential
|AAI NOC approved
|-
|Casagrand Suncity Ph-2&3
Towers 5–8
|[[Kelambakkam]]
|163
|1XG+36
3XG+39
|Residential
|EC amendment
|-
|Bagmane Viva
|Karapakkam
|150
|
|Commercial
|AAI NOC obtained
|-
|Brigade, Pee&Dee lands holdings.
3 towers
|Thiruvanmiyur Jn
|145
|
|TBD
|AAI NOC obtained
|-
|Brigade @ Dairy Road
|Korattur
|107
|
|TBD
|AAI NOC obtained
|-
|Casagrad Udayam Theater
|KK Nagar/Ashok Nagar
|83
|
|TBD
|AAI NOC obtained
|-
|Rattha residential
|Aminjikarai
|TBD
|23
|residential
|EC sought
|-
|VRX 360<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vccircle.com/tamil-nadu-shelter-fund-invests-in-vijay-raja-homes-housing-project-in-chennai/|title= Tamil Nadu Shelter Fund invests in Vijay Raja Homes’ housing project in Chennai |access-date=13 July 2021|publisher= VCCircle}}</ref>
|[[Thirumazhisai]]
|{{convert|60|m|ft|0}}
|19
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Arihant MGR Salai
|Perungudi
|128
|35-40
|Residential
|AAI NOC, EC sought
|-
|Metrozone Tower (Metrozone)
|[[Anna Nagar]]
|{{convert|111|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Urbania by House of Hiranandani
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|112|m|ft|0}}
|30
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Sea Gull House of Hiranandani
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Elina by House of Hiranandani
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Marina by House of Hiranandani
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Irina by House of Hiranandani
|[[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
|{{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
|29
|Residential
|Approved
|-
|Casagrand Annanagar W (school Rd X E Main Rd)
|Anna Nagar (W)
|{{convert|80|m|ft|0}}
|TBD
|Residential
|AAI NOC
|-
|Urbanrise
|nookampalayam
|
|2X25
|Residential
|EC sought
|-
|casagrand residential 5X23
|pazhanthandalam ORR
|74.05
|4X23
|Residential
|EC filed
|-
|Marg Swarnabhoomi Summer 9 Towers
|
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|26
|Residential
|On Hold
|-
|Marg Swarnabhoomi Autumn 9 Towers
|
|{{convert|97|m|ft|0}}
|26
|Residential
|On Hold
|-
|Tamil Nadu Commerce Hub-Tower 1
|[[Nandanam]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Commercial
|on hold
|-
|Sequel (Olympia)
|[[Navalur]]
|{{convert|74|m|ft|0}}
|20
|Residential
|Approved
|-
| colspan="6" |Not tracking all other towers being proposed/planned under 75 meters Tall.
|}

== Timeline of tallest buildings ==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Image
! Neighbourhood
! Height
! Floors
! Years as tallest
|-
| [[LIC Building]]
| [[File:LIC Bldg Chennai 02 07.JPG|center|100px]]
| [[Anna Salai]]
| {{convert|54|m|ft|0}}
| 15
| 1959–1998
|-
| [[Arihant Majestic Towers]]
| [[File:Arihant Majestic Towers Chennai.jpg|center|200px]]
| [[Koyambedu]]
| {{convert|63.24|m|ft|0}}
| 17
| 1998–1999
|-
| [[Hyatt Regency Chennai]]
| [[File:The first Hyatt Hotel in South India.jpg|211x211px]]
| [[Anna Salai]], [[Teynampet]]
| {{convert|71|m|ft|0}}
| 18
| 1999–2011
|-
| Birchwood
| [[File:NavalurChennai.jpg|212x212px]]
| [[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
| {{convert|104|m|ft|0}}
| 28
| 2011–2013
|-
| [[TVH Ouranya Bay Towers, Chennai|TVH Ouranya Bay]]
| [[File:Vinee.JPG|213x213px]]
| [[Old Mahabalipuram Road]], Padur
| {{convert|108|m|ft|0}}
| 30
| 2013–2015
|-
| Bayview
| [[File:Chen hira sip.jpg|frameless|219x219px]]
| [[Old Mahabalipuram Road]], [[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
| {{convert|140|m|ft|0}}
| 40
| 2015–2019
|-
| Anchorage
| [[File:Hiranandani Estate at night 2013.jpg|frameless|226x226px]]
| [[Old Mahabalipuram Road]], [[Egattur (Kanchipuram District)|Egattur]]
| {{convert|161|m|ft|0}}
| 45
| 2019–2020
|-
|[[SPR Highliving District Towers|Highliving District Tower-H—SPR City]]<ref name="Dinamalar_45StoriedTower"/>
|[[File:SPR City, Chennai - 22 December 2021.jpg|center|100px]]
|[[Perambur]]
|{{convert|172|m|ft|0}}
|45
|2020–Present
|}

==See also==
{{portal|India|Cities|Asia}}
* [[Architecture of Chennai]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in India]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in Asia]]
* [[List of tallest buildings]]
* [[List of tallest buildings in different cities in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{India tallest buildings lists}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tallest buildings in Chennai}}
[[Category:Chennai-related lists]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Chennai]]
[[Category:Lists of tallest buildings in India|Chennai]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Tamil Nadu]]

Taramati Baradari

2026-03-12T17:35:54Z

CaseyBroderick: minor correct formatting per standard format and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox building
|name=Taramati Baradari
|image=Taramati-Baradari.jpg
|building_type= Caravan Station
|architectural_style=
|structural_system=
|location=[[Hyderabad, Telangana]], [[India]]
|coordinates={{coord|17.376080|N|78.378117|E|type:city_scale:30000}}
|completion_date=1880s
|opened_date =
|main_contractors=
|architect=
|structural_engineer=
}}
'''Taramati Baradari''' is a historical [[Caravanserai|sarai]] as part of Ibrahim Bagh, a Persian style garden built during the reign of [[Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]], the fourth [[Golkonda|Sultan of Golconda]].

==History==
The [[Baradari (building)|Baradari]] was constructed on the banks of the Musi river. Today, the region comes under the city limits of [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], [[India]]. The tourism department attributes the name to the reign of the Seventh [[Golkonda|Sultan of Golconda]], [[Abdullah Qutb Shah]] who he named is after his favorite [[courtesan]], Taramati a [[Nautch]] or Court dancer.<ref name=Gupta>{{cite book|title=Dance Matters Too: Markets, Memories, Identities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nRUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|publisher=Taylor and Francis|last1=Chakravorty|first1=Pallabi|last2=Gupta|first2=Nilanjana|year=2018|location=India|isbn=978-1-35-111616-9|access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>

==Fables==
The tourism department promotes the location by romantic stories linking the then-Sultan with a courtesan named Taramati.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-28/hyderabad/27175685_1_aptdc-golconda-fort-taramati-baradari |title=Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829174823/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-12-28/hyderabad/27175685_1_aptdc-golconda-fort-taramati-baradari |archive-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> One such story goes that during the reign of Abdullah Qutb Shah, he used to hear Taramati's voice as she sang for travelers at the Serai, while he sat two kilometers away at Golconda fort. Her voice was carried by wind, and the prince would listen from the fort. There is no recorded report of the same.

Another fable tells of two ravishing dancing sisters, Taramati and Premamati, who danced on ropes tied between their pavilion and the balcony of the king and patron, Abdulla Qutub Shah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-14/hyderabad/27118330_1_qutub-golconda-monument |title=Heritage village near Golconda - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829174832/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-14/hyderabad/27118330_1_qutub-golconda-monument |archive-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

About half a mile north of the fort lies his grave amid a cluster of [[Qutb Shahi tombs|carved royal tombs]]. Here lie buried the Qutub Shahi kings and queens in what once their rose gardens.

As a tribute to Taramati and Premamati, they both were buried in the royal cemetery of the [[Qutb Shahi tombs|Qutub Shahi kings]].

==Renovation==
[[File:Taramati Baradari.jpg|thumb|Taramati Baradari]]
Taramati Baradari pavilion has 12 doorways and was constructed to allow cross ventilation and is one of the most indigenous techniques to have been used at that time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hydtoday.in/tourist-places/taramati-baradari-palace.html |title=TARAMATI BARADARI PALACE | Hyd Today |access-date=20 June 2011 |archive-date=15 June 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20110615041020/http://hydtoday.in/tourist-places/taramati-baradari-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The open pavilion includes other facilities like an air-cooled theatre with the capacity of 500 people, an open-air auditorium with the capacity of 1600 people, Banquet Hall with a capacity of 250, multi-cuisine restaurant and a swimming pool.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyderabadbest.com/discoverhyd/artculture/concertsandplays/Convention_Hall.asp |title=hyderabad-best.com - list of Auditoriums in hyderabad |website=www.hyderabadbest.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920230722/http://www.hyderabadbest.com/discoverhyd/artculture/concertsandplays/Convention_Hall.asp |archive-date=2011-09-20}}</ref>

==Reference List==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
* [[Charminar]]
* [[Golkonda|Golconda]]
* [[Chowmahalla Palace]]
* [[Naya Qila]]

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/taramati-baradari-photos.html Photos of Taramati Baradari on HyderabadPlanet.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012205124/http://www.hyderabadplanet.com/taramati-baradari-photos.html |date=12 October 2014 }}
* [http://o3.indiatimes.com/snapsbyvrij/archive/2007/03/07/3753209.aspx A feature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220192844/http://o3.indiatimes.com/snapsbyvrij/archive/2007/03/07/3753209.aspx |date=20 February 2008 }}
* [http://www.sarodonline.org/images/Jan%202%20changes%20pic%201.jpg Picture of Taramati Baradari]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://static.flickr.com/35/71473460_ff5fc09efa.jpg Picture 2]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070822092751/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/canvas/2005/05/28/stories/2005052800100200.htm Business Line feature]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dnn2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72 about Taramati]
{{Qutb Shahi Monuments}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Telangana]]
[[Category:Caravanserais in India]]
[[Category:Qutb Shahi architecture]]
[[Category:Indian courtesans]]

Gurwinder Singh Oberoi

2026-03-12T11:23:51Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}

'''Gurwinder Singh Oberoi''' is a politician from [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. He is a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] for Jammu and Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite news
| date = 2025-10-24
| title = NC wins 3 Rajya Sabha seats, BJP clinches one amid cross-voting
| url = https://www.uniindia.com/~/nc-wins-3-rajya-sabha-seats-bjp-clinches-one-amid-cross-voting/States/news/3621236.html
| access-date = 2025-10-26
| website = United News of India
| language = en
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| date = 2025-10-25
| title = NC's Gurwinder Singh Oberoi wins third Rajya Sabha seat from J&K
| url = https://globalkashmir.net/ncs-gurwinder-singh-oberoi-wins-third-rajya-sabha-seat-from-jk/
| access-date = 2025-10-26
| website = Global Kashmir
| language = en
}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh Oberoi, Gurwinder}}
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{JammuKashmir-politician-stub}}

Buchinaidu Kandriga mandal

2026-03-09T13:00:48Z

CaseyBroderick: done

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Buchinaidu Kandriga mandal
| other_name = B. N. Kandriga mandal
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|42|42.624|N|79|51|12.420|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Ind}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Kanamanambedu]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|Mandal Parishad]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 34261
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|title=Census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=640648|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 June 2015}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Buchinaidu Kandriga mandal''' or '''B. N. Kandriga mandal'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-12-04 |title=Heavy rain lashes easternmandals of Chittoor dist. |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/heavy-rain-lashes-easternmandals-of-chittoor-dist/article33253567.ece |access-date=2022-04-11 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> is one of the 36 [[mandal]]s in [[Tirupati district]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The mandal headquarters are located at [[Kanamanambedu]].<ref name=map>{{cite web|title=Chittoor District Mandals |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf|publisher=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2015|pages=456, 511–12}}</ref> The mandal is bounded by [[Varadaiahpalem]], [[K.V.B. Puram]], [[Thottambedu]] mandals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mandals in Chittoor district|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/chittoor.html|publisher=aponline.gov.in|access-date=28 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224033355/http://www.aponline.gov.in/Quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/chittoor.html|archive-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal had a population of 34,261. The total population constitute, 17,097 males and 17,164 females —a sex ratio of 1004 females per 1000 males. 4,170 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 2,129 are boys and 2,041 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 65.39% with 19,677 literates.<ref name=population />

== Administration ==
The mandal was a part of [[Chittoor district]] and was made a part of the newly formed [[Tirupati district]] on 4 April 2022. It is a part of [[Sullurupeta revenue division]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sasidhar |first=B. M. |date=2022-04-04 |title=Chittoor, Tirupati, Annamayya districts formed as part of rejig |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/chittoor-tirupati-annamayya-districts-formed-as-part-of-rejig-736459 |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}</ref>

== Towns and villages ==

{{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], the mandal has 24 villages.<ref name=map /><ref>{{cite web|title=Sub-District Details of Chittoor District|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=23|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=24 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913101654/http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder/Sub_Districts_Master.aspx?state_code=28&district_code=23#|archive-date=2014-09-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The settlements in the mandal are listed below:

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|style=width:450px;|

# Alathur
# Bhavanisankarapuram
# Chellamambapuram
# Chinnayyagunta
# Gajulapellore
# Kallivettu
# [[Kanamanambedu]] †
# Kanchanaputtur
# Katur
# Kothapalem
# Kukkambakam
# Kumara Venkatapuram
# Neerpakota
# Nelavoy
# Pallamala
# Parlapalle
# Peddapalavedu
# Putteri
# Talarivettu
# Thangellapuram
# Therripadu
# Thimmabhupalapuram
# Vijayagopalapuram
# West Warathur

}}

*† – Mandal Headquarters

== See also ==
* [[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Tirupati district}}
[[Category:Mandals in Tirupati district]]
[[Category:Tirupati district]]

Nellore train fire

2026-03-09T00:23:45Z

CaseyBroderick: Made a entry needs work!

{{Short description|2012 public transit disaster in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox public transit accident
| name = Nellore train fire

| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =

| image_map =
| image_map_alt =
| image_map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| alternative_map =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| mapframe =
| qid =
| mapframe_zoom =
| coordinates =

| date = {{Start date|2012|07|30|04|22||+05:30|df=y}}
| time =
| location = [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| location_dir =
| location_city =
| location_dist_km =
| location_dist_mi =
| country = India
| line = [[Tamil Nadu Express]]
| operator =
| owner =
| service =
| type = Fire
| cause = Under investigation

| bus =
| trains = 1
| vehicles =
| passengers =
| crew =
| pedestrians =
| deaths = 32
| injuries = 27
| damage = 1 coach burned
| property =

| route_map =
| route_map_state =
| route_map_name =

| footnotes =
}}
The '''Nellore train fire''' occurred on 30 July 2012, when the [[Chennai]]-bound [[Tamil Nadu Express]] train caught fire at 4:22 am near [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. At least 32 passengers died and 27 were injured. The fire gutted the S-11 sleeper coach in 20 minutes. A railway emergency crew prevented the fire from spreading to the other coaches.<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-Express-fire-32-killed-railways-announces-Rs-5-lakh-ex-gratia-to-kin-of-deceased/articleshow/15280182.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101030507/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-30/india/32941755_1_bogie-tamil-nadu-express-fire-stationary-goods-train |url-status=live |archive-date=1 January 2014 |title=Tamil Nadu Express fire: 32 killed, railways announces Rs 5 lakh ex-gratia to kin of deceased |date=30 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

==The train==
The fire took place on the [[Tamil Nadu Express]] train (No. 12622) that originated in [[New Delhi]] and was bound for [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]]. There were 72 passengers in the reserved S-11 sleeper coach and at least 6 unreserved passengers.<ref name="timesofindia"/>

==The fire==
The train passed through the [[Nellore]] station at 4:15 am on July 30, 2012, and caught fire at 4:22 am. It was moving at a speed of around {{convert|70|kph|sp=us}}. The driver stopped the train after a gateman at a railway crossing spotted smoke and fire from the S-11 coach and alerted authorities. Due to sweeping winds, the coach was quickly engulfed in flames.<ref name="timesofindia"/>

Around 25 passengers managed to escape the fire from the rear exit, and 10 others escaped by jumping from the train. At least 15 people died trying to escape from the forward exit, and others died in their sleeping berths. Twenty-seven people were admitted to hospitals in Nellore. A railway emergency crew was on the scene rapidly and detached the burning coach from the other coaches, preventing the fire from spreading to the rest of the train.<ref name="timesofindia"/>

==Investigation==

The local district police believe that the fire was caused by a short circuit, but the railway officials would not rule out possible sabotage. Some passengers reportedly heard an explosion before the flames broke out, while the speed of the fire's spreading and the reported discovery of a kerosene can, has raised further suspicion.<ref name="timesofindia1">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-Express-fire-Railway-minister-hints-at-sabotage-police-rubbish-claim/articleshow/15285183.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126041547/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-31/india/32960943_1_tamil-nadu-express-fire-railway-station-passengers |url-status=live |archive-date=26 January 2013 |title=Tamil Nadu Express fire: Railway minister hints at sabotage, police rubbish claim |date=30 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

The Indian government announced that the next of kin of passengers who died would receive {{Indian Rupee}} 500,000 (US$9,100) as compensation.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/tragedy-on-the-tamil-nadu-express/?ref=world |title=Tragedy on the Tamil Nadu Express |newspaper=New York Times |author=Kumar, Hari |date=30 July 2012 |access-date=31 July 2012}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Trains}}
*[[List of Indian rail incidents]]
*[[List of rail accidents (2010–2019)]]
*[[List of transportation fires]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{2012 railway accidents}}

[[Category:Railway accidents in 2012]]
[[Category:Train and rapid transit fires in India]]
[[Category:2012 disasters in India]]
[[Category:Nellore]]
[[Category:2012 fires in Asia]]
[[Category:Railway accidents and incidents in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2010s in Andhra Pradesh]]

Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru

2026-03-08T14:22:45Z

CaseyBroderick: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru
| image = Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = [[Manoj Sharma]]
| producer = Pankaj Narayan Apoorva Bajaj
| writer = [[Manoj Sharma]]
| story =
| screenplay =
| based_on =
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Hemant Pandey]]|[[Chandrachur Singh]]|[[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]|[[Vrajesh Hirjee]]| [[Manoj Pahwa]]|[[Brijendra Kala]]|[[Tiku Talsania]]}}
| music = Praveen Bhardwaj
| cinematography = Saravanan Elavarasu
| editing = Dharam Soni
| studio = Ath Entertainment
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|01|30|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Satire|satirical comedy]] film directed by [[Manoj Sharma]] and produced by Pankaj Narayan and Apoorva Bajaj under the banner of Ath Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. in association with Himalayan Dreams. The film critiques the phenomenon of self-styled godmen in India, portraying how such figures exploit public faith for personal gain.<ref name=bollywoodhungama>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/1059345|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306082542/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/1059345|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 March 2015|title=Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru|author=Bollywood Hungama|date=|work=bollywoodhungama.com}}</ref>

The film stars Hemant Pandey, [[Chandrachur Singh]], [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]], [[Vrajesh Hirjee]], [[Manoj Pahwa]], [[Brijendra Kala]], and [[Tiku Talsania]], among others. It was released in India on 30 January 2015<ref name="bollywoodhungama2">{{cite web |author=Bollywood Hungama |date= |title=Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/1059345 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306082542/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/cast/id/1059345 |archive-date=6 March 2015 |work=bollywoodhungama.com}}</ref> and was granted tax exemption in [[Uttarakhand]] by the state's Chief Minister [[Harish Rawat]] ahead of its release.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru' made tax-free in Uttarakhand |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chal-guru-ho-ja-shuru-made-taxfree-in-uttarakhand/524711-8-66.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128005245/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/chal-guru-ho-ja-shuru-made-taxfree-in-uttarakhand/524711-8-66.html |archive-date=2015-01-28 |access-date=2025-10-09 |work=IBNLive}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story follows a group of unemployed theatre artists who turn to impersonating godmen as a way to make a living. Their fraudulent enterprise brings them fame and money, but the deception soon spirals out of control, forcing them to confront the consequences of their actions.

==Cast==
* [[Hemant Pandey]]<ref name="bollywoodhungama"/> as Hariya baba
* [[Chandrachur Singh]]<ref name="bollywoodhungama"/><ref name="telegraphindia"/> as Sathya baba
* [[Vrajesh Hirjee]] as Chote baba
* [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]<ref name="bollywoodhungama"/> as Ungli baba
* [[Manoj Pahwa]]<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite web|title=Film on fake godmen gets rave reviews|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150204/jsp/bihar/story_11471.jsp#.V0VoqvkXTas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703191103/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150204/jsp/bihar/story_11471.jsp#.V0VoqvkXTas|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 July 2015|website=TelegraphIndia.com|publisher=The Telegraph India|accessdate=25 May 2016}}</ref>
* [[Brijendra Kala]]<ref name="telegraphindia"/>
* [[Tiku Talsania]]<ref name="telegraphindia"/>
* Pawan Kumar Sharma
* Mithilesh Chaturvedi

==Music==
The music of the film is composed and written by Praveen Bhardwaj.<ref name="bollywoodhungama"/>

{{Track listing|extra_column=Singer(s)|title1=Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru|note1=|length1=05:23|writer1=Praveen Bhardwaj|extra1=Sandeep Acharya|title2=|note2=|length2=|writer2=|extra2=|title3=|note3=|length3=|writer3=|extra3=|title4=|note4=|writer4=|extra4=|total_length=}}

==Reception==
In his review for [[India Today]], Saurabh Dwivedi said that the film was brave yet was "marred by weak script, vulgar dialogues and impossible climax".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Saurabh|title=Movie review: Chal Guru Shuru Ho Ja is a failed attempt|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/movie-review-chal-guru-shuru-ho-ja-chandrachur-singh-sanjay-mishra-brijendra-kala-238035-2015-01-30|website=InToday|publisher=India Today|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> ''[[Aaj Tak]]'' described it as poorly executed with weak direction and wasted performances.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-30 |title=Movie review: Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/film-review/story/movie-review-chal-guru-ho-ja-shuru-287840-2015-01-30 |work=Aaj Tak}}</ref> ''[[Navbharat Times]]'' gave it 2.5/5, stating that despite a strong theme, the film suffered from a loose screenplay and weak execution.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-30 |title=Movie Review: Chal Guru Ho Ja Shuru |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/movie-review/movie-review-chal-guru-ho-ja-shuru/moviereview/46055740.cms |work=Navbharat Times}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Manoj Sharma]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian satirical films]]

Upendra Limaye

2026-03-06T13:06:07Z

CaseyBroderick: quick fix

{{Short description|Indian actor (b. 1969)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Upendra Limaye 1.jpg
| name = Upendra Limaye
| caption = Upendra Limaye in 2012
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1969|11|08}}<ref name="Upendra Limaye">{{cite web|title=Upendra Limaye Profile|url=http://www.upendralimaye.com/UpendraLimaye.pdf|access-date=8 November 2015|archive-date=23 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123034505/http://www.upendralimaye.com/UpendraLimaye.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| occupation = [[Actor]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Swati Limaye|1996}}
| website = [http://www.upendralimaye.com upendralimaye.com]
}}
'''Upendra Limaye''' (born 8 November 1969) is an Indian actor, who won the [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]] and [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor]] for his role in the [[Marathi film]] ''[[Jogwa]]''.<ref name=mata>{{cite news|title='जोगवा'साठी उपेंद्र लिमयेला राष्ट्रीय पुरस्कार|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5492381.cms|access-date=30 December 2011|newspaper=Maharashtra Times|date=23 January 2010|archive-date=26 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126090828/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5492381.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=sakal>{{cite news|last=Bramhe|first=Shripad|title='तोयप्पा' साकारताना...|url=http://www.esakal.com/esakal/20100131/5451452908497436063.htm|access-date=30 December 2011|newspaper=[[Sakaal]]|date=31 January 2010|archive-date=11 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111044434/http://esakal.com/esakal/20100131/5451452908497436063.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, ''[[Forbes]]'' included Limaye's performance in the film ''[[Jogwa]]'' on its list, "25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/1|title=25 Greatest Acting Performances of Indian Cinema {{!}} Forbes India|website=Forbes India|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-05|archive-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909142922/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/100-years-of-indian-cinema/25-greatest-acting-performances-of-indian-cinema/35125/1|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Upendra Limaye was born and grew up in Pune’s Sadashiv Peth.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.upendralimaye.com/upendra_limaye_biography.html|title=Upendra Limye - Biography|website=www.upendralimaye.com|access-date=2019-06-23|archive-date=25 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125070708/http://www.upendralimaye.com/upendra_limaye_biography.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is married to Dr Swati and they have two children.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-15 |title=कलाविश्वापासून कोसो दूर आहे उपेंद्र लिमयेची पत्नी; जनसेवेसाठी करतीये 'या' क्षेत्रात काम |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/photos/marathi-cinema/marathi-actor-upendra-limayes-wife-swati-limaye-doctor-a734/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> In Pune, Upendra Limaye attended Bharti Vidyapeeth and New English High School.<ref>{{cite web |last1=filmyfocus.com |first1=filmyfocus.com |title=Upendra Limaye Biography |url=https://filmyfocus.com/celebs/upendra-limaye |website=filmyfocus.com |publisher=filmyfocus |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{BLP sources section|date=October 2023}}
He has acted in numerous experimental plays, Marathi parallel films, television serials, Hindi mainstream movies and a few South Indian films. He has worked with renowned stage and film directors like Madhur Bhandarkar, Ram Gopal Verma, Amol Palekar, Rajiv Patil, Jabbar Patel, Satish Alekar, Vinay Apte, Waman Kendre, Chandrakant Kulkarni, Anant Mahadevan, Karupaniannan and others.

His performance in the film ''Jogva'', earned him the Best Male Actor award at the 56th National Films Awards in 2010, making him the first Marathi actor to be honoured with. Besides ‘Jogwa’, he has appeared in several National award-winning films, like ‘Mukta,’ ‘Bangarwadi,’ ‘Sarkarnama,’ ‘Dhyasparva’, ‘Chandni Bar,’ ‘Page 3,’ ‘Traffic Signal,’ to mention a few.

In 1988, along with his friends za Upendra founded an Experimental Theatre platform called ‘Parichay’. In the next decade, Upendra acted in numerous experimental and commercial plays.

== Filmography ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=May 2022}}
{{Pending films key}}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%;"
|+
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Other notes
|-
| 1994|| ''[[Mukta (1994 film)|Mukta]]''|| Social Activist || rowspan="5" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |1995 || ''[[Bangarwadi]]'' || Shekoo ||
|-
| ''Katha Don Ganpatravanchi''|| Rohodas ||
|-
| 1998|| ''[[Sarkarnama]]'' || Sapkale, Pandal (Mandap) Contractor/Decorator
|
|-
| 2000 || ''Kairee'' || Deshpande Teacher||
|-
| 2001|| ''[[Dhyaas Parva]]'' (Kal Ka Admi) || Press Owner|| Marathi Hindi ||
|-
|2001|| ''[[Chandni Bar]]'' || Gokul|| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]||
|-
| 2004|| ''[[Savarkhed Ek Gaon|Savarkhed: Ek Gaav]]'' || Surshya|| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
|2005 || ''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]'' || Inspector Bhonsale|| [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006 || ''[[Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad]]'' ||Ramdas Mali || rowspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
| ''Blind Game''|| Karamchand||
|-
| ''[[Shiva (2006 film)|Shiva]]'' || Bapu|| [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Sivappathigaram]]'' || Inspector|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2007 || ''[[Darling (Hindi film)|Darling]]'' || Inspector Bhaskar Reddy|| rowspan="3" | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||
|-
|''[[Traffic Signal (film)|Traffic Signal]]'' || Manya Langda||
|-
|''Pranali''|| Sultan||
|-
| rowspan="4" |2008 || ''Tandala'' || Sawaishankar|| rowspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
|''Urus''|| Mahadev ||
|-
| ''[[Sarkar Raj]]'' || Kantilal Vora || rowspan="2" | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||
|-
|''[[Contract (2008 film)|Contract]]''|| Goonga||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2009 || ''Made in China'' || Kailash|| rowspan="5" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||Not be confused with the 2009 U.S. indie film ''[[Made in China (2009 film)|Made in China]]''
|-
| ''[[Jogwa]]'' || Tayappa|| Won Maharashtra State Government Awards for Best Actor [[National Film Award for Best Actor]]
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010|| ''[[Mee Sindhutai Sapkal]]'' || Shrihari||
|-
| ''Dhoosar'' || Arjun||
|-
| ''Mahaguru''|| Shankar||
|-
|2011|| ''My Name is 340'' || 340|| [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013|| ''Kokanastha'' || Gautam|| rowspan="2" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]] ||
|-
| ''[[Tuhya Dharma Koncha]]''|| Kavadu||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014|| ''Gunaaji'' || Gunaaji|| [[Konkani language|Konkani]] Marathi Hindi ||
|-
|''Guru Pournima''|| Guru|| rowspan="7" | [[Marathi language|Marathi]]||
|-
| ''[[Yellow (2014 film)|Yellow]]'' || Swimming Coach ||
|-
|2015||''Urfi''|| Inspector Avinash Kulkarni||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2017|| ''Vitha''|| Vitha's Husband||
|-
| ''Sur Sapata''||Anna Bhosale ||
|-
| ''Shentimental''||API Dilip Thakur||
|-
|2018|| ''[[Mulshi Pattern]]''|| Inspector Vitthal Kadu
|-
|2019|| ''[[Satellite Shankar]]''|| Inspector || rowspan="5"| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020|| ''[[Bansuri: The Flute]]''|| Maan Singh||
|-
|''[[Choked (film)|Choked: Paisa Bolta Hai]]''|| Reddy ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|''[[200 – Halla Ho]]''|| Suresh Patil ||
|-
|''[[Antim: The Final Truth]]''|| Nanya Bhau ||
|-
| ''[[Preetam (film)|Preetam]]''|| Preetam's Friend|| Marathi ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Faas (film)|Faas]]''
|Inspector Ghorpade
| rowspan="5" |Marathi
|
|-
|''[[Sarsenapati Hambirrao]]''
|[[Bahirji Naik]]
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|''[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]''
|Jaggu's Father
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-10 |title=Jaggu Ani Juliet Marathi Movie Trailer, Release Date, Cast |url=https://www.boxofficebusiness.in/2023/01/jaggu-ani-juliet-trailer-release-date-cast.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chowk (film)|''Chowk'']]
|Tiger
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-20 |title='Chowk' teaser: Pravin Tarde and Upendra Limaye starrer is high on action and drama -Watch |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/chowk-teaser-pravin-tarde-and-upendra-limaye-starrer-is-high-on-action-and-drama-watch/articleshow/99633483.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-18 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|''Salman Society''
|Unnamed
|Special appearance
|-
|[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|''Animal'']]
|Freddy Patil
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2024
|''[[Madgaon Express]]''
|Mendoza
|
|-
|''[[Juna Furniture]]''
|Pakya
| rowspan="3" |Marathi
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Juna Furniture Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} जुनं फर्निचर {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/juna-furniture-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=20 March 2024 |date=20 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
|''KarmaVirayan''
|
|<ref>{{cite web |title=KarmaVirayan Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} कर्मवीरायण चित्रपट {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/karmavirayan-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=1 May 2024 |date=1 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="7" |2025
|''[[Sangeet Manapmaan]]''
|Khushalpur Naresh Dhiren
|
|-
|''[[Sankranthiki Vasthunam]]''
|George Antony
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|''[[Deva (2025 film)|Deva]]''
|Sharp Shooter
|Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Sa La Te Sa La Na Te]]''
|Hassanbhai
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarashtra |date=2025-01-20 |title='स ला ते स ला ना ते' चित्रपटामध्ये उपेंद्र लिमये यांची लक्षवेधी भूमिका! |url=https://www.navarashtra.com/movies/marathi/upendra-limaye-eye-catching-role-in-the-movie-sa-la-te-sa-la-na-te-758469.html |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Navarashtra |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Jaat (film)|Jaat]]''
|Prison Inmate
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|
|-
|''[[Baaghi 4]]''
|Police Officer
|
|-
|[[They Call Him OG|''They Call Him OG'']]
|Chief Minister
|Telugu
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2026
|''Man Aatale Manatale''
|
|Marathi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-19 |title=New Marathi Movie: ‘मन आतले मनातले’ चित्रपट 13 फेब्रुवारीला प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/entertainment/maan-aatle-manatle-new-marathi-movie-releasing-on-13th-february/956522/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|[[Dhamaal 4]]}}
|{{TableTBA}}
|Hindi
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2026 |last=Khan |first=Lubna |title=Dhamaal 4 Gets New Release Date, Averts Box Office Clash With Dhurandhar 2, Toxic Deets Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/dhamaal-4-gets-new-release-date-averts-box-office-clash-with-dhurandhar-2-toxic-deets-inside-ws-l-9838684.html |access-date=18 January 2026|website=[[News18 India]]}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Year(s)
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col"| Role
!Language
! scope="col" | Network
|-
|2005-2008
|''[[Ya Sukhanno Ya]]''
|Aakash
| rowspan="2" |Marathi
|[[Zee Marathi]]
|-
|2016-2017
|''[[Nakushi - Tarihi Havihavishi]]''
|Ranjit Shinde
|[[Star Pravah]]
|-
|2019–2020
|''[[Tara From Satara]]''
|Sachin Mane
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
|[[Sony Entertainment Television India|SET]]
|-
|2026
|''Ekaki''
|Inspector Sangam
|[[YouTube]]
|}

==Awards==
[[File:The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Award for Best Actor to Shri Upendra Limaye for Marathi film ‘Jogva’, at the 56th National Film Awards function, in New Delhi on March 19, 2010.jpg|thumb| Upendra Limaye receiving National Film Award for Best Actor for Marathi film ‘Jogva’, at the 56th National Film Awards function, 2010. ]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|Natya Gaurav Awards
| rowspan="2" |Best Actor
| rowspan="2" |''Jallai Tuzi Preet''
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Kalnirnay Awards
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
| rowspan="4" |Best Supporting Actor
| rowspan="3" |''[[Page 3 (film)|Page 3]]''
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Upendra Limaye: Upendra Limaye: Theatre is been my all-time Valentine {{!}} Marathi Movie News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/upendra-limaye-theatre-is-been-my-all-time-valentine/videoshow/80881209.cms |access-date= |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Hamlog Awards
|-
|2006
|Rashtriya Ratna Puraskar
|-
|2009
|Kalarang Awards
|''[[Sarkar Raj]]''/ ''Urus''
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title="...आणि बिग बींनी मला मिठी मारली", उपेंद्र लिमयेंनी सांगितला अमिताभ बच्चन यांचा 'तो' किस्सा - Marathi News {{!}} animal fame upendra limaye shared sarkar raj movie experience said amitabh bachchan hug me after seen the movie {{!}} Latest filmy News at Lokmat.com |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/animal-fame-upendra-limaye-shared-sarkar-raj-movie-experience-said-amitabh-bachchan-hug-me-after-seen-the-movie-a-a971/ |access-date= |website=LOKMAT |language=mr}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="8" |2009
|[[56th National Film Awards]]
|[[National Film Award for Best Actor]]
| rowspan="8" |''[[Jogwa]]''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=56th National Film Awards |url=https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/46_56thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209212537/https://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/46_56thNfacatalogue%20-%20.pdf |archive-date=9 December 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar]]
|[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 28 February 2009|title=Zee Gaurav Puraskar 2009 Nomination list. |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/awards/z-gaurav-09.php |access-date= |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|[[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
|
|-
|Sivaji Ganesan Awards
|Best Actor in a Leading Role
|
|-
|Chitrapati V. Shantaram Award
|Best Leading Actor
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=M. M. W. |date=2009-04-12 |title=Catch the Chitrapati "V. Shantaram Award ceremony" on Zee Marathi |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/chitrapati-v-shantaram-award.php |access-date=2024-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Baburao Painter Awards
|Best Actor
|
|-
|Sanskruti Kaladarpan
|Best Actor
|
|-
|[[Maharashtra Times|MaTa Sanman]]
|Best Actor
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|Maharashtra Ratna Puraskar
| rowspan="2" |Overall Contribution in Marathi cinema
| rowspan="2" |Various
|
|-
|Ninad Puraskar
|
|-
|2014
|[[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi]]
|[[Yellow]]
|
|-
|2017
|[[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi]]
|Shentimental
|
|-
| 2020
|[[Filmfare Marathi Awards]]
|Nominated [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Marathi]]
|Sur Sapata
|
|-
|2025
|[[Maharashtra State Film Awards]]
|Best Comedian Male
|[[Jaggu Ani Juliet]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-05|title=हीरक महोत्सवी महाराष्ट्र राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार प्रदान, वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी|url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/diamond-jubilee-of-maharashtra-state-film-awards-held-in-mumbai-winners-list-a-a945/|access-date= |website=Lokmat Filmy|language=mr}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{BH person}}

{{NationalFilmAwardBestActor}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Limaye, Upendra}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Pune]]
[[Category:Best Actor National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Marathi actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Venky Mama

2026-03-03T17:57:29Z

CaseyBroderick: fixed lead also and corrected details after review

{{short description|Indian Telugu-language action comedy film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Venky Mama
| image = Venky_Mama_Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. S. Ravindra|Bobby Kolli]]
| producer = [[D. Suresh Babu]] T. G. Vishwa Prasad
| screenplay = [[Kona Venkat]] K. Chakravarthy Reddy
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Janardhana Maharshi]]
}}
| story = Janardhana Maharshi
| starring = [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] [[Naga Chaitanya]] [[Raashii Khanna]] [[Payal Rajput]]
| music = [[Thaman S]]
| cinematography = [[Prasad Murella]]
| editing = [[Prawin Pudi]]
| studio = [[Suresh Productions]] People Media Factory
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|12|13}}
| country = India
| runtime = 144 minutes<ref name="bbfc">{{cite web|title=VENKY MAMA (2019)|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/venky-mama-2019|website=BBFC|access-date=11 July 2020|archive-date=11 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711075647/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/venky-mama-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{INR|35 [[crore]]}}<ref name="13daygross" />
| gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|72 crore}}<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news|title='Venky Mama' Box-Office: Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya starrer turns into a profitable venture|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-starrer-turns-into-a-profitable-venture/articleshow/72992448.cms|access-date=2020-08-04|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214080825/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-starrer-turns-into-a-profitable-venture/articleshow/72992448.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-26|title=బాక్సాఫీస్‌ వద్ద దూసుకెళ్తున్న 'వెంకీ మామ'|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/venky-mama-pulls-rs-72-crore-globally-over-3rd-week-1251100|access-date=2020-08-04|website=Sakshi|language=te|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610145354/https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/venky-mama-pulls-rs-72-crore-globally-over-3rd-week-1251100|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''''Venky Mama''''' ({{Translation|Uncle Venky}}) is a 2019 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action comedy film]]<ref name="bbfc" /> directed by [[K. S. Ravindra|Bobby Kolli]] (credited as K. S. Bobby). It stars [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Raashii Khanna]], and [[Payal Rajput]] in the lead roles, while [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]], [[Prakash Raj]], and [[Rao Ramesh]] play supporting roles. The film was produced by [[D. Suresh Babu]] of [[Suresh Productions]] and T. G. Vishwa Prasad of People Media Factory, with music composed by [[S. Thaman|Thaman]].

The film was released on 13 December 2019, coinciding with Venkatesh's birthday, to mixed reviews from critics but praise for Venkatesh's performance and ended up as a commercial success at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/finally-venky-mama-gets-release-date-hit-screens-venkateshs-birthday-809749|title=Finally! Venky Mama gets a release date, to hit screens on Venkatesh's birthday|website=International Business Times|date=2019-12-03|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216034516/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/finally-venky-mama-gets-release-date-hit-screens-venkateshs-birthday-809749|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TOI" />

== Plot ==
The film begins at [[Draksharama]], where a well-known personality, Ramanarayana, an astrologer, lives with his wife Lakshmi and son Venkatarathnam. Ramanarayana opposes his daughter's marriage, as he foresaw the couple's death soon after, a year after their son Karthik's birth. Just like Ramanarayana predicted, Karthik loses his parents in a tragic accident. Here, Ramanarayana warns that the kid also brings a bummer to his family and suggests handing him over to his paternal grandparents. However, Venkatarathnam / Venky Mama denies it and rears his infant nephew with care and affection, even omitting his enrollment goal in the army.

Years roll by, and now the scene shifts to [[Kashmir]], where Venkatarathnam is searching for Karthik, who left home without informing him. Immediately, Venkatarathnam steps into the protected area and gets prosecuted when he tries to convince the army officers regarding Karthik. However, they affirm the absence of such a person in their regiment, but Venkatarathnam persists in meeting him. So, he starts narrating their story. After finishing engineering, Karthik disdains various job offers abroad because he prefers to stay with his uncle, but his grandfather always needles. Later, Karthik realizes that Venkatarathnam has forsaken his marital life for his nurture, so he aims to find a perfect match for his uncle. Just as he is acquainted with newly appointed Hindi teacher Vennela and strives to develop intimacy with her, which she misunderstands. Besides, Karthik's ex-lover Harika, daughter of malicious [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] Pasupathi arrives at the village. Thereupon, Venkatarathnam learns about their love affair and chases Harika to seek the reason behind their break up, which, too, misfires. Right now, Karthik succeeds in making Vennela fall for his uncle. Parallelly, Venkatarathnam also knows from Harika that their detachment is because Karthik prioritizes his uncle over her and his life. Being conscious of it, Venkatarathnam decides to disentangle with Karthik and send him to London. At that point, Karthik proclaims that nobody can divide him from his uncle, including him. Overhearing their conversation, Harika repents and understands Karthik's virtue.

Afterward, Venkatarathnam approaches Pasupathi with a marriage proposal. At that moment, Pasupathi bids to aid Venkatarathnam in the upcoming election because his word is an ordinance to the public in the area. Anyhow, the plan back-pedals when Venkatarathnam spares and ignominies him. All at once, an enraged Pasupathi ploy to slay Karthik when Venkatarathnam shields him. During the interval, as a flabbergast, Ramanarayana asserts that according to Karthik's [[horoscope]], he is born to kill his maternal uncle, and the only redress is to split them. Listening to it, Venkatarathnam and Karthik refuse to accept it. But unfortunately, the word occurs as several incidents which make Karthik realize and leave the house for the protection of his uncle. After three years, Ramanarayana announces the actuality of Karthik's presence in the army to fulfill his uncle's ambition. Momentarily, the story shifts to the present when Venkatarathnam ascertains that Karthik is seized as a hostage by the terrorists to stand off for their leader, who is already dead. During that plight, Venkatarathnam determines to swap as the terrorist in the know that it is a suicide mission to him. By the time of hand-off, due to Karthik's horoscope, he fires Venkatarathnam, overseeing him as a blackguard. At last, Karthik saves his uncle from the deathbed with his idolization confronting the horoscope. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with an uncle & nephew pairing up with their love interests with a hypothesis that the horoscope is just a belief, but love is a reality.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]] as Venkatarathnam Naidu / Military Naidu / Venky Mama, Karthik's maternal uncle, Vennela's husband, Ramanarayana and Lakshmi's son
* [[Naga Chaitanya]] as [[Captain (armed forces)|Captain]] Karthik Shivaram Veeramachineni, [[Para SF]] Victory Alludu
* [[Raashii Khanna]] as Harika, Karthik's love interest later turned wife
* [[Payal Rajput]] as Vennela, Venkatarathnam's wife, Apparao's daughter, Karthik's maternal aunt
* [[Prakash Raj]] as [[Brigadier]] Vijay Prakash ([[Para (Special Forces)|Para SF]])
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Ramanarayana, Lakshmi's husband, Venkatarathnam's father, Karthik's maternal grandfather
* [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]] as Lakshmi, Ramanarayana's wife, Venkatarathnam's mother, Karthik's maternal grandmother
* [[Rao Ramesh]] as [[Member of Legislative Assembly|MLA]] Pasupathi, Harika's father
* [[Sivannarayana Naripeddi|Sivannarayana]] as Apparao, Vennela's father
* [[Mamilla Shailaja Priya]] as Harika's mother
* [[Nagineedu]] as Gagani, Karthik's paternal grandfather
* Indu Anand as Karthik's paternal grandmother
* [[Charuhasan]] as Astrologer Namboodri
* [[Raghu Babu]] as Advocate Happy Hanumantha Rao
* [[Adithya (actor)|Aditya Menon]] as [[Lieutenant Colonel]] Ajay Ahuja
* [[Kishore (actor, born 1974)|Kishore]] as [[Major (rank)|Major]] Anwar Sadat ([[Mahar Regiment]])
* [[Arvind Krishna (actor)|AK]] as Terrorist
* [[Parag Tyagi]] as Terrorist Mohammad Abu Osman
* [[John Kokken]] as Bihari Contract Killer
* [[Chammak Chandra]] as Nukaraju
* [[Hyper Aadi]] as Seetharam, Karthik's friend
* [[Raghu Karumanchi]] as Raghuramaiah
* [[Jeeva (Telugu actor)|Jeeva]] as Cow-broker Babji
* [[Vidyullekha Raman]] as Candy, Harika's friend
* [[Pooja Ramachandran]] as Bride
* [[Gundu Sudarshan]] as School Teacher
* [[C. V. L. Narasimha Rao]] as Master
* Narra Srinu as [[Subedar]] Rama Rao ([[Mahar Regiment]])
* [[Dasari Arun Kumar]] as Dora Babu, Pasupathi's brother-in-law
* Master Mahesh Kuchibhotla as Vennela's naughty student
* Siddharth Gollapudi as Fighter Pilot
{{colend}}

==Production==

=== Development ===
[[D. Ramanaidu]], father of [[Venkatesh Daggubati]] and grandfather of [[Naga Chaitanya]], wanted both actors to be seen together on screen, [[D. Suresh Babu]], elder son of Ramanaidu and producer of the film said on the occasion of his father 83rd birth anniversary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/dad-wanted-venky-chai-together-onscreen-says-suresh-babu-535610|title=Dad wanted Venky, Chai together onscreen, says Suresh Babu|website=The Hans India|date=2019-06-06|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227081401/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/dad-wanted-venky-chai-together-onscreen-says-suresh-babu-535610|url-status=live}}</ref> So, when Suresh Babu was in search of the story, writer Janardhana Maharshi pitched a story to him which he liked and later writer and director KS Bobby was joined to direct the film and developed of the storyline of Janardhana and he made major changes to it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-discuss-venky-mama-multi-starrers-and-bringing-their-real-life-bond-to-screen-7772051.html|title=Venkatesh, Naga Chaitanya discuss Venky Mama, multi-starrers, and bringing their real-life bond to screen|website=Firstpost|date=2019-12-12|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=18 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218013910/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-discuss-venky-mama-multi-starrers-and-bringing-their-real-life-bond-to-screen-7772051.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-bobby-is-confident-of-venky-mama-starring-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya/article30276023.ece|title=Director Bobby is confident of 'Venky Mama'|website=The Hindu|date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226215658/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/director-bobby-is-confident-of-venky-mama-starring-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya/article30276023.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Venkatesh after multi-starrers like ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'' with [[Mahesh Babu]], ''[[Masala (2013 film)|Masala]]'' with [[Ram Pothineni]], ''[[Gopala Gopala (2015 film)|Gopala Gopala]]'' with [[Pawan Kalyan]], and ''[[F2 – Fun and Frustration]]'' with [[Varun Tej]], is doing another multi-starrer, this time with his nephew Naga Chaitanya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/venkatesh-top-multi-starrer-films-of-the-great-actor/photostory/65386624.cms|title=Venkatesh Top multi-starrer films of the great actor|website=The Times of India|date=2018-08-13|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408195440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/venkatesh-top-multi-starrer-films-of-the-great-actor/photostory/65386624.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Before this Venkatesh did a cameo role in Chaitanya's film ''[[Premam (2016 film)|Premam]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/premanm-venkatesh-cameo-telugu-remake-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-chandoo-mondeti-15147-2016-06-20|title=Premam: Venkatesh's cameo in Telugu remake not a part of the original film|website=India Today|date=2016-06-20|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227075059/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/premanm-venkatesh-cameo-telugu-remake-naga-chaitanya-shruti-haasan-chandoo-mondeti-15147-2016-06-20|url-status=live}}</ref> this is the first time they are doing a full-length role together in a film.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-together-on-screen-for-the-first-time-venky-mama-review/articleshow/72492181.cms|title=Venky Mama Preview: Venkatesh-Naga Chaitanya together on-screen for the first time.|website=Times of India|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213110749/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-together-on-screen-for-the-first-time-venky-mama-review/articleshow/72492181.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film was officially launched at Ramanaidu Studios by director [[VV Vinayak]] as chief guest. It is jointly produced by People Media Factory and [[Suresh Productions]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/venkatesh-naga-chaitanyas-multi-starrer-film-launched-style-ramanaidu-studios-photos-774607|title=Venkatesh, Naga Chaitanya's multi-starrer film launched in style at Ramanaidu Studios|website=International Business Times|date=2018-07-11|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223545/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/venkatesh-naga-chaitanyas-multi-starrer-film-launched-style-ramanaidu-studios-photos-774607|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
Initially, it was reported that [[Shriya Saran]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]] were cast in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Venky Mama: Venkatesh, Naga Chaitanya's Telugu comedy to hit floors in February.|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/venky-mama-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-s-telugu-comedy-to-hit-floors-in-february/356533|access-date=2019-11-03|website=timesnownews|date=30 January 2019 |archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042704/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/venky-mama-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-s-telugu-comedy-to-hit-floors-in-february/356533|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rakul-preet-join-venky-mama-sets-february-95932|title=Rakul Preet to join 'Venky Mama' sets from February.|website=thenewsminute|date=30 January 2019 |access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225162319/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/rakul-preet-join-venky-mama-sets-february-95932|url-status=live}}</ref> But they were subsequently replaced by [[Payal Rajput]] and [[Raashi Khanna]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raashi roped in for Venky Mama.|url=https://telanganatoday.com/raashi-roped-in-for-venky-mama|access-date=2019-11-03|website=Telangana Today|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016050317/https://telanganatoday.com/raashi-roped-in-for-venky-mama|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Payal Rajput confirms being part of 'Venky Mama'.|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/payal-rajput-confirms-being-part-of-venky-mama-2187105.html|access-date=2019-11-03|website=zeenews|date=9 March 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016044237/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/payal-rajput-confirms-being-part-of-venky-mama-2187105.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Filming ===
[[Principal photography]] began on the banks of [[Godavari River]] on 24 February 2019,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainmente/tlugu/movies/news/venky-mama-shoot-begins-on-the-banks-of-godavari-river/articleshow/68139447.cms|title=Venky Mama shoot begins on the banks of Godavari river.|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109062639/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainmente/tlugu/movies/news/venky-mama-shoot-begins-on-the-banks-of-godavari-river/articleshow/68139447.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and completed its first schedule in [[Rajahmundry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-02-06/Venky-Mama-to-take-off-in-Rajahmundry/489231|title=Venky Mama to take off in Rajahmundry.|website=thehansindia|date=6 February 2019|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016045222/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-02-06/Venky-Mama-to-take-off-in-Rajahmundry/489231|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2019, while shooting for an action sequence Venkatesh was injured and advised to take two weeks rest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/venkatesh-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-venky-mama-while-shooting-an-action-sequence/videoshow/70743780.cms|title=Venkatesh gets injured on the sets of 'Venky Mama' while shooting an action sequence.|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=8 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908111449/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/telugu/venkatesh-gets-injured-on-the-sets-of-venky-mama-while-shooting-an-action-sequence/videoshow/70743780.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The second schedule was started in April 2019 in [[Hyderabad]].<ref name="rls12">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/victory-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanyas-venky-mama-first-look-518657|title=Victory Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya's 'Venky Mama' First Look.|website=thehansindia|date=6 April 2019|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014063114/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/victory-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanyas-venky-mama-first-look-518657|url-status=live}}</ref> Filming was also done in [[Kashmir]] and [[Visakhapatnam]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/venkatesh-and-chaitanya-fly-to-kashmir-for-venky-mama-2207034.html|title=Venkatesh and Chaitanya fly to Kashmir for Venky Mama.|website=zeenews|date=25 May 2019 |access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=16 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016044434/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/venkatesh-and-chaitanya-fly-to-kashmir-for-venky-mama-2207034.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and was wrapped up in August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/venkatesh-daggubati-to-wrap-up-kashmir-schedule-of-venky-mama-soon-2209284.html|title=Venkatesh Daggubati to wrap up Kashmir schedule of Venky Mama soon.|website=zeenews|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014060759/https://zeenews.india.com/regional/venkatesh-daggubati-to-wrap-up-kashmir-schedule-of-venky-mama-soon-2209284.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mama-team-begin-shooting-visakhapatnam-104704|title='Venky Mama' team to begin shooting in Visakhapatnam.|website=thenewsminute|date=2 July 2019|access-date=2019-11-03|archive-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014061625/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mama-team-begin-shooting-visakhapatnam-104704|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Venky Mama
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist = [[S. Thaman]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 10 December 2019
| recorded = 2019
| venue = [[Chennai]] [[Mumbai]] [[Hyderabad]]
| studio = V studios [[Yash Raj Films|YRF Studios]] SAL
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 15:34
| label = [[Aditya Music]]
| producer = [[S. Thaman]]
| prev_title = [[Magamuni]]
| prev_year = 2019
| next_title = [[Prati Roju Pandage]]
| next_year = 2019
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|OfxjjRUOu-Q|Official Audio Jukebox}}}}
{{singles
| name = Venky Mama
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Venky Mama
| single1date = 7 November 2019
| single2 = Yennellako
| single2date = 16 November 2019
| single3 = Coca Cola Pepsi
| single3date = 4 December 2019
}}}}

Music was composed by [[S. Thaman]], and released on [[Aditya Music]] company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-thaman-music-director-emotional-film-6157748/|title=Venky Mama is a very emotional film: S Thaman|website=The Indian Express|date=2019-12-09|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210184641/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-thaman-music-director-emotional-film-6157748/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The first song ''Venky Mama'' was released on 7 November 2019, Sung by Sri Krishna, [[Mohana Bhogaraju]] and lyrics penned by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]], the song tells deep bond between uncle (Venkatesh) and his nephew (Chaitanya).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/venky-mama-title-song-soothing-number-showcasing-the-deep-bond-between-a-uncle-and-his-nephew/articleshow/71956330.cms|title=Venky Mama Title Song: Soothing number showcasing the deep bond between a uncle and his nephew|website=Times of India|date=2019-11-07|access-date=2019-11-16|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329093943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/venky-mama-title-song-soothing-number-showcasing-the-deep-bond-between-a-uncle-and-his-nephew/articleshow/71956330.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The second song ''Yennellako'' was released on 16 November 2019, on the occasion of the music director [[S. Thaman]] birthday, Sung by Prudhvi Chandra, S. Thaman and lyrics penned by [[Sri Mani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/yennallako-from-venky-mama-venkatesh-and-payal-rajput-nail-the-retro-look-in-the-peppy-number/articleshow/72082092.cms|title=Yennallako from Venky Mama: Venkatesh and Payal Rajput nail the retro look in the peppy number|website=Times of India|date=2019-11-16|access-date=2019-11-16|archive-date=19 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119142026/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/yennallako-from-venky-mama-venkatesh-and-payal-rajput-nail-the-retro-look-in-the-peppy-number/articleshow/72082092.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The third song ''Coca Cola Pepsi'' mass-song was released on 4 December 2019, sung by Aditi Bhavaraju, [[Ramya Behara]], Simha and Hanuman; its lyrics were written by [[Kasarla Shyam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/venky-mama-new-lyrical-video-mama-alludu-sexy-101140|title=Venky Mama New Lyrical Video: Mama, Alludu Sexy|website=GreatAndhra|date=2019-12-04|access-date=2019-12-04|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204112816/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/venky-mama-new-lyrical-video-mama-alludu-sexy-101140|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 15:34
| title1 = Venky Mama
| lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]
| extra1 = Sri Krishna, [[Mohana Bhogaraju]]
| length1 = 4:15
| title2 = Yennellako
| lyrics2 = [[Sri Mani]]
| extra2 = Prudhvi Chandra, [[S. Thaman]]
| length2 = 3:36
| title3 = Coca Cola Pepsi
| lyrics3 = Kasarla Shyam
| extra3 = Simha, Ramya Behara, Aditi Bhavaraju, Hanuman
| length3 = 3:41
| title4 = Nuvvu Nenu
| lyrics4 = Sri Mani
| extra4 = [[Anurag Kulkarni]], [[Nanditha]]
| length4 = 4:02
}}

==Release==
''Venky Mama'' was set to release on 4 October 2019, but the release was delayed until November.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mamas-release-postponed-november-avoid-clash-sye-raa-107721|title='Venky Mama's' release postponed to November to avoid clash with 'Sye Raa'|website=The News Minute|date=2019-08-23|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216030553/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mamas-release-postponed-november-avoid-clash-sye-raa-107721|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was released on 13 December 2019, on the occasion of ''Venkatesh's'' birthday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-venky-mama-to-hit-the-theaters-on-venkateshs-birthday-december-13/articleshow/72334269.cms|title=Confirmed: 'Venky Mama' to hit the theaters on Venkatesh's birthday (December 13)|website=Times of India|date=2019-12-02|access-date=2019-12-02|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204121719/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/confirmed-venky-mama-to-hit-the-theaters-on-venkateshs-birthday-december-13/articleshow/72334269.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Marketing ===
In December 2019, a pre-release event was held in [[Khammam]], later followed by a musical night event where the soundtrack album was released.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=Venky Mama pre-release event|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/venky-mama-pre-release-event/articleshow/72384179.cms|access-date=2019-12-07|website=Times of India|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208065354/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/venky-mama-pre-release-event/articleshow/72384179.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=Inside Venky Mama pre-release event|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/venky-mama-naga-chaitanya-venkatesh-raashi-khanna-photos-6156140/|access-date=2019-12-08|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208142523/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/venky-mama-naga-chaitanya-venkatesh-raashi-khanna-photos-6156140/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[K. Raghavendra Rao]] attended as guest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions1/venkymama-musicalnight3/index.html|title=Venky Mama Musical Night function|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=2019-12-12|archive-date=12 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212053323/http://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/venkymama-musicalnight3/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Home media ===
The film is available for streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime video]] since 16 January 2020. The satellite rights of the film were bagged by [[Gemini TV]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Venky Mama|url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Venky-Mama/0O2TWKEWEFDUCZWYWN2IDP20NR|access-date=14 January 2020|website=Amazon|archive-date=14 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114032216/https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Venky-Mama/0O2TWKEWEFDUCZWYWN2IDP20NR|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
''Venky Mama'' on opening day collected {{INR}}16.5 crore gross worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-gets-off-to-a-flying-start-at-the-box-office-mints-rs-16-5-crore-on-day-1/articleshow/72602293.cms|title=Venky Mama gets off to a flying start at the box-office; mints Rs 16.5 crore on Day 1|website=The Times of India|date=2019-12-14|access-date=2019-12-14|archive-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408021020/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/venky-mama-gets-off-to-a-flying-start-at-the-box-office-mints-rs-16-5-crore-on-day-1/articleshow/72602293.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=SureshProdns|number=1205741501642227712|url=https://twitter.com/SureshProdns/status/1205741501642227712|title=Day 1 is HUGE 🤙🏻🤙🏻 🔥🔥 #VenkyMama #BlockbusterVenkyMama|author=Suresh Productions|date=13 December 2019|access-date=14 December 2019}}</ref> On the second day, the film collected {{INR}}14 crore gross worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-box-office-6168188/|title=Venky Mama box office collection: Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya's film earns Rs 30.5 crore worldwide|website=The Indian Express|date=2019-12-15|access-date=2019-12-15|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215121154/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-box-office-6168188/|url-status=live}}</ref> On the third day, the film collected {{INR}}14.5 crore gross worldwide<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-box-office-collection-45-crore-venkatesh-6169266/|title=Venky Mama box office collection: Venkatesh-Naga Chaitanya film earns Rs 45 crore worldwide|website=The Indian Express|date=2019-12-16|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216050447/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/venky-mama-box-office-collection-45-crore-venkatesh-6169266/|url-status=live}}</ref> and despite mixed reviews<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/despite-mixed-reviews-venky-mama-enjoys-a-solid-weekend-grosses-rs-45-crore/articleshow/72738590.cms|title=Despite mixed reviews, 'Venky Mama' enjoys a solid weekend; grosses Rs 45 Crore|website=The Times of India|date=2019-12-16|access-date=2019-12-18|archive-date=17 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217135049/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/despite-mixed-reviews-venky-mama-enjoys-a-solid-weekend-grosses-rs-45-crore/articleshow/72738590.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> the movie's first weekend worldwide gross was {{INR}}45 crore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-starrer-mints-rs-45-cr-in-opening-weekend/story-Z5ArTkYcqEPbswA2GLkrfI.html|title=Venky Mama box-office: Venkatesh starrer mints Rs 45 cr in opening weekend|website=Hindustan Times|date=2019-12-16|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216111333/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/venky-mama-box-office-venkatesh-starrer-mints-rs-45-cr-in-opening-weekend/story-Z5ArTkYcqEPbswA2GLkrfI.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 11 days, the movie collected a total gross of {{INR}}54.90 crore and a share of {{INR}}31.99 crore worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/venky-mama-11-days-box-office-collection-report-592743|title=Venky Mama 11 days box office collection report|website=The Hans India|date=2019-12-26|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=26 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226064712/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/venky-mama-11-days-box-office-collection-report-592743|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 13 days, the movie collected a total gross of {{INR}}57.80 crore worldwide.<ref name="13daygross">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/venky-mama-13-day-box-office-collection-chay-venkatesh-film-almost-breaks-even-set-turn-hit-810817|title=Venky Mama 13 day box office collection: Chay-Venkatesh film almost breaks even, set to turn hit|website=International Business Times|date=26 December 2019|access-date=23 January 2020|archive-date=4 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104234430/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/venky-mama-13-day-box-office-collection-chay-venkatesh-film-almost-breaks-even-set-turn-hit-810817|url-status=live}}</ref>
Up to the third week, the movie collected a total gross of {{INR}}72 crore worldwide.<ref name="TOI" />

=== Critical reception ===
Venky Mama was a blockbuster at box office but was received average reviews.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-13|title=Venky Mama Twitter review: Naga Chaitanya, Venkatesh Daggubati's comedy-drama gets a mixed response|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/venky-mama-twitter-review-naga-chaitanya-venkatesh-daggubatis-comedy-drama-gets-a-mixed-response/526642|access-date=2019-12-13|website=Times Now|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213105207/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/venky-mama-twitter-review-naga-chaitanya-venkatesh-daggubatis-comedy-drama-gets-a-mixed-response/526642|url-status=live}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Having a solid storyline became the biggest plus point for this movie. The entire movies revolve around the beautiful relationship between Naga Chaitanya and Venkatesh and the director has executed it in an engaging way".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanyas-venky-mama-movie-review-rating-76213|title=Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya's Venky Mama Movie Review & Rating|website=The Hans India|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213093605/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanyas-venky-mama-movie-review-rating-76213|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3|5}}</ref> ''[[The Times of India|Samayam]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars stating "Venky Mama will make you laugh, cry and please".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/venky-mama-telugu-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/72499929.cms|title=వెంకీమామ మూవీ రివ్యూ|website=Samayam|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213095140/https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/venky-mama-telugu-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/72499929.cms|url-status=live}}{{Rating|3.5|5}}([[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>

''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars stating "Mediocre writing and crass humour let down this comic caper. The only saving grace for Venky Mama is the performance of its lead actors Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/venky-mama/movie-review/72512207.cms|title=Venky Mama Movie Review : Mama-Alludu combo let down by a stereotypical plot|website=Times of India|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213071721/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/venky-mama/movie-review/72512207.cms|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref> ''[[India Today]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars stating "Director had to include everything just to play to the gallery and make it please every age group. The result is nothing but a colossal disappointment and a wasted opportunity".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-film-is-a-colossal-disappointment-1628080-2019-12-13|title=Venky Mama Movie Review: Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya film is a colossal disappointment|website=India Today|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213125240/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-and-naga-chaitanya-film-is-a-colossal-disappointment-1628080-2019-12-13|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

''[[The News Minute]]'' gave 2 out of 5 stars stating "Venky Mama is a crowd-pleaser. What they call a mass entertainer. Two songs. Two comedians. Two “double-meaning” scenes, one wasted brilliant actor (Prakash Raj), one adored-as-god village head and a silly looking interview panel. Not really boring".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mama-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-film-has-no-logic-crowd-pleaser-114036|title='Venky Mama' review: Venkatesh-Naga Chaitanya film has no logic but is a crowd-pleaser|website=The News Minute|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213105157/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/venky-mama-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanya-film-has-no-logic-crowd-pleaser-114036|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2|5}}</ref> ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.5 out of 5 stars stating "This isn’t a film where one can judge how well an actor has performed when the writing and treatment leaves a lot to be desired. The film rushes through some of its major set-pieces and there’s hardly a build-up to moments where you might end up crying. The film just doesn't deliver what it sets out to achieve, and we are left to be content with bits and pieces of emotional sequences between Venkatesh and Naga Chaitanya. Venky Mama could have been so much more than what it is, but it's a missed opportunity!".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanyas-chemistry-is-heartwarming-in-an-otherwise-bland-drama-7778851.html|title=Venky Mama movie review: Venkatesh, Naga Chaitanya's chemistry is heartwarming in an otherwise bland drama|website=Firstpost|date=2019-12-13|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213105200/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/venky-mama-movie-review-venkatesh-naga-chaitanyas-chemistry-is-heartwarming-in-an-otherwise-bland-drama-7778851.html|url-status=live}}{{Rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt9564774}}
{{K. S. Ravindra}}

[[Category:2019 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Thaman S]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2010s action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Indian Air Force in films]]
[[Category:Prisoner of war films]]
[[Category:Indian war drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmir conflict in films]]
[[Category:Military of Pakistan in films]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian Army in films]]
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations in popular culture]]
[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Indian action comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Suresh Productions films]]
[[Category:People Media Factory films]]

Panjaa

2026-03-03T17:51:46Z

CaseyBroderick: minor fixed references based on references and added references

{{short description|2011 film directed by Vishnuvardhan}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Panjaa
| image = Panjaa poster.jpg
| alt = Bearded man in black suit holding a gun
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]]
| producer = {{plainlist|
*[[Shobu Yarlagadda]]
*[[Prasad Devineni]]
*Neelima Tirumalasetty
*Nagesh Muntha
}}
| screenplay = Rahul Koda Vishnuvardhan
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = {{Ubl |[[Abburi Ravi]]}}
}}
| story = Vishnuvardhan
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Pawan Kalyan]]
*[[Sarah-Jane Dias]]
*[[Anjali Lavania]]
*[[Jackie Shroff]]
*[[Adivi Sesh]]
*[[Atul Kulkarni]]
*[[Sampath Raj]]
}}
| music = [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
| cinematography = [[P. S. Vinod]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = {{plainlist|
*[[Arka Media Works]]
*Sanghamitra Arts Productions
}}
| distributor = [[Sri Venkateswara Creations]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|12|9}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget = {{Estimation}}{{INR|33 crore}}

}}

'''''Panjaa''''' ({{translation|''Claw''}}) is a 2011 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] (in his [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] directorial debut), produced by [[Arka Media Works]] and Sanghamitra Art Productions. The film stars [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Sarah-Jane Dias]], [[Anjali Lavania]], [[Jackie Shroff]], [[Adivi Sesh]], [[Atul Kulkarni]], [[Sampath Raj]], [[Subbaraju]] and [[Tanikella Bharani]]. The plot centers around Jai, a loyal henchman for a gangster, who is forced to go on the run after a botched mission leads him to kill his boss's son in response to a violent atrocity.

The film features music scored by [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[cinematography]] by [[P. S. Vinod]].<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110204090512/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-vishnu-flick-in-march-news-telugu-lcbkWMcgaff.html Pawan-Vishnu flick in March]. Sify.com (1 February 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> Principal photography of the film commenced on 6 May 2011. The filming took place primarily at [[Kolkata]], [[Pollachi]], [[Karaikudi]], [[Vagamon]] and [[Palasa]].

''Panjaa'' was released theatrically on 9 December 2011 to mixed reviews from critics.<ref name="Idlebrain" /> Despite its moderate success internationally, it struggled to make a significant impact at the domestic box office and flopped.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Over time, the film was reevaluated and gained a [[cult following]] in Telugu cinema.

==Plot==
Jai is a [[Kolkata]]-based [[hitman]] working for a don named Bhagavan, and they together share a business rivalry with Kulkarni. Bhagavan's psychotic son, Munna, returns to India after 8 years.

Apart from his gangster life, Jai also owns a nursery where he raises a variety of plants along with his friend, Chotu. He also appoints a caretaker for the nursery, Sandhya. He soon starts hanging out frequently with Sandhya trying to keep his criminal life from her as he develops feelings for her. One day, Munna mistreats his father's accountant and confidant, Sabapathy, and humiliates him by urinating on him in front of the latter's neighbors. Receiving no support from Bhagavan, Sabapathy joins Kulkarni's gang, making Bhagavan order Jai to kill him. As per the plan, Jai kidnaps Rahul, the son of Kulkarni's younger brother, Sampath. He asks Guruvayya to hold Rahul hostage at a club until he is back with Sabapathy. He demands a meeting with Sabapathy in exchange for Rahul's freedom. Sabapathy tells him that he switched sides not to retaliate, but to protect himself. Munna, on the other hand, visits the club and is attracted to the club dancer, Jhanvi, who is also Jai's childhood friend, and inquires about her in the club. Learning from Guruvayya that she loves Jai, Munna is enraged and kills Rahul after he teases him for being an [[incel]] and kills Kulkarni's henchman, who came to pick up Rahul.

When Sampath and Kulkarni receive no response from Guruvayya, Jai tries to escape, and a chase ensues. He manages to flee but is shocked to learn of Rahul's death. Munna finds Jahnavi at Jai's house and beats her to death. Jai arrives and gets into a fight with Munna. Guruvayya sees Jai kill Munna and reports him to Bhagavan. Jai decides to tell Bhagavan the reason behind killing Munna, and as he is on his way, he is attacked by Bhagavan's men, as per his orders. Following a [[gunfight]], Jai escapes while Bhagavan vows to seek revenge for Munna's death. Jai escapes to [[Palasa]], where he stays at Sandhya's house. On the other hand, the rivalry between Bhagavan and Kulkarni intensifies after Jai's exit as Bhagavan loses power and his trusted men join hands with Kulkarni. Bhagavan learns about Jai's [[Plant nursery|nursery]] he used to run with the help of Chotu, and gets it destroyed by his men.

Back at Palasa, local goons invade Sandhya's house at night, where her elder brother, Ashok, and Jai fight them off, following which Sandhya reveals about a mercenary named Sambasiva, who was after her life since she sent him to prison. Jai kills Sambasiva and gives the credit to a local [[police officer|cop]] named Paparayudu. Bhagavan learns about Chotu's location through his girlfriend, kills her, and captures Chotu. He finds out about Jai and Sandhya through a photo from his phone. When Chotu refuses to tell anything about Jai, Bhagavan gets him [[asphyxiated]]. Jai reveals to Sandhya that he was the one who killed Sambasiva for her, further revealing about his past. He is soon attacked by Sampath and his henchmen, but Ashok arrives to his rescue. Following a gunfight and brawl, Jai kills Sampath and learns Sandhya has been kidnapped. He goes back to Kolkata and attacks Kulkarni's house, where he kills his henchmen and holds Kulkarni at gunpoint. Kulkarni tells him he was not the one that kidnapped Sandhya, but Guruvayya who told them about his location in Andhra Pradesh.

Jai proceeds to first kill Kulkarni and then Guruvayya, following which he arrives at Bhagavan's house and finds Sandhya captive. He reveals why he killed Munna and tries to convince Bhagavan into sparing Sandhya. However, Bhagavan ends up shooting her, and he ends up fatally shooting Bhagavan. Sandhya survives and unites with Jai, but Bhagavan dies from his injuries.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Pawan Kalyan]] as Jai
* [[Sarah-Jane Dias]] as Sandhya
* [[Anjali Lavania]] as Jahnavi
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Bhagavan
* [[Adivi Sesh]] as Munna, Bhagavan's son
* [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Kulkarni
* [[Brahmanandam]] as M. Paparayudu
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Guruvayya
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Chotu
* [[Penumatsa Subbaraju|Subbaraju]] as Ashok, Sandhya's brother
* [[Sampath Raj]] as Sampath, Kulkarni's brother
* [[Amit Tiwari]] as Kulkarni's henchman
* [[Paruchuri Venkateswara Rao]] as Sabhapathi
* [[Chandra Mohan (Telugu actor)|Chandra Mohan]] as Chandram
* Surekha Vani as Jai's mother
* [[Anchor Jhansi|Jhansi]] as Lakshmi
* [[Kishori Ballal]] as Sandhya's grandmother
{{colend}}

==Production==

===Development===
In November 2010, sources reported that director [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] would direct a film featuring [[Pawan Kalyan]] in the lead role, to be produced by Neelima Nagesh and Shobu Yarlagadda.<ref>[http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pawankalyan-vishnuvardhan.html Vishnu Vardhan to direct Pawan Kalyan – idlebrain film news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929193157/http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/pawankalyan-vishnuvardhan.html |date=29 September 2011 }}. Idlebrain.com (19 November 2010). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> Neelima, in an interview, stated that she was a big fan of Pawan Kalyan.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Vishnnuvardhan, following the release of his 2009 film ''[[Sarvam]]'', which fared poorly at the box office, had been working on two scripts – the other one being the [[Billa II|prequel]] to the [[Billa (2007 film)|2007 version of ''Billa'']] – but was unable to start either project due to unavailable dates of Pawan Kalyan and [[Ajith Kumar]].<ref name="indiatimes2">[https://archive.today/20130103224452/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-18/news/28614918_1_director-vishnuvardhan-venkat-prabhu-directed-mankatha-film Vishnu cancels billa date]. ''The Times of India''.(18 February 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> He had planned to shoot both projects simultaneously from March 2011 onwards, but since that was not possible, he was forced to drop one of the projects, with Vishnuvardhan eventually deciding to direct this film.<ref name="indiatimes2"/> [[Abburi Ravi]] was roped in to write the dialogues, while the screenplay was provided by Rahul Koda.<ref>[http://idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/panjaafilmnews.html Panjaa shoot complete except for a song – Telugu cinema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017063157/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/panjaafilmnews.html |date=17 October 2011 }}. Idlebrain.com (15 October 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref>

===Casting===
Former [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] [[Sarah-Jane Dias]] was signed for one of the two female lead characters, making her Telugu film debut.{{cn|date=October 2024}} [[Jiah Khan]] and [[Shazahn Padamsee]], who starred in ''[[Orange (2010 Telugu film)|Orange]]'' opposite [[Ram Charan Tej]], were considered for the other female role.{{cn|date=October 2024}} However, eventually [[Mumbai]]-based model [[Anjali Lavania]], best known for her appearances in the Kingfisher calendar and several other advertisements, was finalised for the second character. Director-actor Sesh Adivi was roped in for an antagonist role.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110416031854/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-11/news-interviews/29406231_1_pawan-kalyan-film-heroines Sesh bags a role in Pawan Kalyan's film?]. ''The Times of India'', (11 April 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] and [[A. Sreekar Prasad]], Vishnuvardhan's norm associates, were signed to score the music and handle the editing department, respectively, while [[P. S. Vinod]] was selected as the cinematographer in place of [[Nirav Shah]] who had worked on Vishnuvardhan's previous projects.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> Action sequences were choreographed by Sham Kaushal, a noted [[stunt co-ordinator]] in [[Bollywood]] films, while Sunil Babu was chosen as the art director.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Vishnuvardhan's wife, [[Anu Vardhan]], worked as the costume designer.

===Filming===
Principal photography was expected to start from 15 April 2011, with the scenes during the first schedule being shot in [[Kolkata]], West Bengal. Filming eventually began on 6 May in Kolkata,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110506055135/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-next-from-may-6-news-news-lfdmu1aeach.html Pawan's next from May 6]. Sify.com (3 May 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> where the major part of the film was shot.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603075346/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-shadow-for-dussera-news-news-lf5l51fhfaa.html Pawan`s Shadow for Dussera?]. Sify.com (31 May 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> The Kolkata schedule was completed by late June 2011,<ref name="autogenerated2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180802103406/http://www.sify.com/movies/title-of-pawan-s-next-on-sep-2-news-news-lhtlGpfccfi.html Title of Pawan`s next on Sep 2]. Sify.com (19 July 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> and the following month, filming was held in [[Pollachi]], Tamil Nadu,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180802102111/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-kaali-in-pollachi-news-news-lhtl5oabhcb.html Pawan's Kaali in Pollachi]. Sify.com (19 July 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> which was followed by schedules in [[Karaikudi]], Tamil Nadu and across [[Kerala]].<ref name="autogenerated2"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180802102031/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-s-movie-in-winter-news-news-lisqjwhjagh.html Pawan's movie in winter]. Sify.com (18 August 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> In Kerala, the crew shot for five days at the [[Vagamon]] hill station, located 1,100 metres above sea level.{{cn|date=October 2024}} A song sequence featuring Pawan Kalyan and Sarah Jane was shot at the [[Ramoji Film City]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] in September under the choreography of Firoz Khan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111124032450/http://www.sify.com/movies/pawan-film-title-to-be-announced-soon-news-news-ljtllaeeffh.html Pawan film title to be announced soon]. Sify.com (19 September 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> From 10 October, the last song picturised on Anjali Lavania was canned in a Hyderabad studio. Anjali performed [[belly dance]] in the song, which was choreographed by [[Geeta Kapoor]], best known for her work in the song ''[[Sheila Ki Jawani]]'' from the Hindi film ''[[Tees Maar Khan (2010 film)|Tees Maar Khan]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111219050714/http://www.sify.com/movies/geeta-kapoor-for-pawan-s-panjaa-news-news-lkskgzfddad.html Geeta Kapoor for Pawan`s Panjaa]. Sify.com (18 October 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref>

The film was launched under the [[working title]] ''The Shadow'', with the team indicating that the title may be changed. The film, began its principal photography in early May 2011, which was completed by October 2011, with filming being held primarily at [[Kolkata]], West Bengal, [[Pollachi]] and [[Karaikudi]] in Tamil Nadu and [[Vagamon]] in Kerala apart from [[Palasa]]. In the following months, several titles including ''Kaali'', ''Thilak'', ''Power'' and ''Patel'', were considered.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-pawan-kalyans-panja/20111010.htm First look: Pawan Kalyan's Panja – Rediff.com Movies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012102847/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/first-look-pawan-kalyans-panja/20111010.htm |date=12 October 2011 }}. Rediff.com (10 October 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180128022501/http://www.sify.com/movies/not-shadow-kaali-but-panjaa-news-news-lkgnHFhadjj.html Not Shadow/Kaali, but Panjaa]. Sify.com (6 October 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> The official title was revealed as ''Panjaa'' by the producers during [[Navrati|Dussera]].{{cn|date=October 2024}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Panjaa (soundtrack)}}
For the film's score and soundtrack, Vishnuvardhan's friend and usual associate, [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]], was signed up. ''Panjaa'''s soundtrack features six tracks. [[Chandrabose (lyricist)|Chandrabose]] and [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] penned the lyrics for every three songs. The audio launch was held on 18 November 2011 in a grand manner at the [[Gachibowli Indoor Stadium]] in [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].<ref>[http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-panjaa.html Panjaa music launch function – Telugu cinema – Pawan Kalyan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121191314/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/audio-panjaa.html |date=21 November 2011 }}. Idlebrain.com (18 November 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> The event was broadcast live on [[MAA TV]].{{cn|date=October 2024}}

== Marketing and release ==
Prior to its release, the film's official merchandise was made available on the official site, including a game application.<ref>{{cite web|title=Merchandise|url=http://panjaa.com/merchandise|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101212233/http://panjaa.com/merchandise|archive-date=2011-11-01|publisher=Panjaa.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Game app|url=http://panjaa.com/gallery/photos/game-app|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229185813/http://panjaa.com/gallery/photos/game-app|archive-date=2011-12-29|publisher=Panjaa.com}}</ref> 15% of the merchandise sales were donated to major [[Non government organization|NGOs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Panjaa.com|url=http://panjaa.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102051823/http://panjaa.com/|archive-date=2011-11-02}}</ref> An [[Piracy#Anti-piracy measures|anti-piracy]] initiative was also launched through the site itself.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Report Piracy|url=http://panjaa.com/report-piracy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021135434/http://panjaa.com/report-piracy|archive-date=2011-10-21|publisher=Panjaa.com}}</ref> The film's official merchandise was also released across [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{cn|date=October 2024}} A [[teaser trailer]] was released a day prior to Diwali, which received a high response. According to ''[[Sify]]'', it was seen more than 200,000 times on the film's official YouTube channel within 24 hours, setting a new record.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111029033955/http://www.sify.com/movies/Panjaa-teaser-sets-records-news-News-lk2oLAigjie.html Panjaa teaser sets records]. Sify.com (28 October 2011). Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref>

In order to prevent any major cuts, the makers accepted the A (adults only) rating from the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] for their release in India, while they actually wanted the U/A (parental guidance) rating.{{cn|date=October 2024}} The film was released on 9 December 2011 with six cuts.{{cn|date=October 2024}} Following multiple fan requests, the makers added the title track in the beginning as well, while it initially played only during the end.<ref>{{cite web|title=Panjaa: Title song added|url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/news/panjaa-title-song-added-165125581.html|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=10 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810174326/https://in.style.yahoo.com/news/panjaa-title-song-added-165125581.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, the film was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]] formats by Bhavani DVD.<ref>{{cite web|title=Description - Panjaa Telugu DVD|url=http://www.njmtv.com/panjaa_panjaa-telugu-dvd_pawan-kalyan-sarah-jane-dias-anjali-lavania-jackie-shroff-adivi-sesh-5864.html#link5864|publisher=NJMTV.com|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=29 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229114736/http://www.njmtv.com/panjaa_panjaa-telugu-dvd_pawan-kalyan-sarah-jane-dias-anjali-lavania-jackie-shroff-adivi-sesh-5864.html#link5864|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Description - Panjaa Telugu Blu Ray|url=http://www.njmtv.com/panjaa_panjaa-telugu-blu-ray_pawan-kalyan-sarah-jane-dias-anjali-lavania-jackie-shroff-adivi-sesh-6159.html#link6159|publisher=NJMTV.com|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=11 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711150649/https://www.njmtv.com/panjaa_panjaa-telugu-blu-ray_pawan-kalyan-sarah-jane-dias-anjali-lavania-jackie-shroff-adivi-sesh-6159.html#link6159|url-status=live}}</ref> The same year, a [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-dubbed version titled ''Kuri'' ({{translation|''Mark''}}) was also scheduled to release, but the plan was later on dropped.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pawan Kalyan's 'Panjaa' as 'Kuri' in Tamil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Panjaa-as-Kuri-in-Tamil/articleshow/13636987.cms|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831122729/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Pawan-Kalyans-Panjaa-as-Kuri-in-Tamil/articleshow/13636987.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, a [[Hindi]]-dubbed version titled ''Jaandaar'' ({{translation|''Brave''}}) was released.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch Jaandaar 2015 Full HD Movie Online|url=https://www.voot.com/movie/jaandaar/552922|publisher=[[Voot]]|access-date=20 April 2019|archive-date=17 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517085316/https://www.voot.com/movie/jaandaar/552922|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was also dubbed in Malayalam as Paayum.

== Reception ==

===Critical reception===
Panjaa received mixed reviews, from the critics. [[Idlebrain.com]] also gave it 3 stars out of 5, similarly praising the action sequences and performances apart from technical aspects, but criticized the lack of emotions.<ref name=Idlebrain>{{cite web|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-panjaa.html|title=Panjaa film review|publisher=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=7 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107200908/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-panjaa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[News18]] praised the film's art work and styling, but criticized the narration pace.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/telugu-review-panjaa-is-a-must-watch-427366.html|title=Telugu Review: 'Panjaa' is a must watch|date=11 December 2011|publisher=[[News18]]|access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419200655/https://www.news18.com/news/india/telugu-review-panjaa-is-a-must-watch-427366.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On the other hand, [[Rediff]] gave 2 stars, criticizing the script and pointing out that it reminded of Kalyan's earlier film ''[[Balu ABCDEFG]]'' but praised Sesh's performance<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-pawan-kalyans-panjaa-lacks-power/20111209.htm|title=Review: Pawan Kalyan's Panjaa lacks power|author=Radhika Rajamani|publisher=Rediff|access-date=9 December 2011|archive-date=7 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107074449/http://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-review-pawan-kalyans-panjaa-lacks-power/20111209.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20111102051823/http://panjaa.com/}}
* {{IMDb title|id=2091384}}

{{Vishnuvardhan (director)}}

[[Category:2011 films]]
[[Category:2011 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2011 action drama films]]
[[Category:2011 action thriller films]]
[[Category:2011 crime action films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Indian action thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime action films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Films about orphans]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vishnuvardhan (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kottayam]]
[[Category:Films shot in Idukki]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vagamon]]
[[Category:Gun fu films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films shot at Ramoji Film City]]
[[Category:Films shot in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films set in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]

1982 – A Love Marriage

2026-03-02T09:37:28Z

CaseyBroderick: Creating New Info

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}

{{Infobox film
| name = 1982 A Love Marriage
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Poster 2
| director = Prashant Gore
| producer = Shivkumar Sharma
| writer = [[Amitkumar Sharma]], Prashant Gore
| starring = [[Amitkumar Sharma]] Omna Harjani
| music = Anurag Godbole Chinmay Hulyalkar
| cinematography = Giriratan Singh
| editing = Sumit Kumar
| studio = [[Shuddh Paarivarik Chalchitra]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2016}}
| runtime = 112 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = 
}}
'''''1982 A Love Marriage''''' is an Indian [[comedy film]] directed by Prashant Gore and produced by Shivkumar Sharma. The film has been released by multiple international film festivals. Now the film is being shown worldwide by National and International TV channels. The film is available on [[Amazon Prime Video]], [[MX Player]], etc.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amitkumar Sharma: '1982 A Love Marriage', '1942-A Love Story' poles apart|url=http://timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Amitkumar-Sharma-1982-A-Love-Marriage-1942-A-Love-Story-poles-apart/articleshow/50943608.cms|website=[[Times of India]]|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=12 February 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

==Overview==
''1982 A Love Marriage'' is directed by Prashant Gore. It stars [[Amitkumar Sharma]] and Omna Harjani in the lead cast.<ref>{{cite web|title=Watch : 1982 A Love Marriage Trailer Out Now! Starring Amitkumar Sharma, Omna Harjani|url=http://www.koimoi.com/videos/watch-1982-a-love-marriage-trailer-out-now-starring-amitkumar-sharma-omna-harjani/|website=koimoi|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=29 January 2016}}</ref> The film is picturized as 1980s film. First trailer was unveiled on 29 January. The film was first scheduled for release on 26 February 2016 but the release date was later pushed because of not getting enough screens for release. The producer [[Shivkumar Sharma]] said that they don't have enough budget to compete with the films like ''[[Aligarh (film)|Aligarh]]'' and ''[[Tere Bin Laden: Dead or Alive]]'' which were released on 26 February 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title='1982 - A Love Marriage' release date pushed to 11th March|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-02-25/1982---A-Love-Marriage-release-date-pushed-to-11th-March/209757|website=The Hans India|accessdate=25 February 2016|date=25 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Trailer of '1982-A Love Marriage' unveiled|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/trailer-of-1982-a-love-marriage-unveiled/|website=[[Indian Express]]|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=29 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Watch: Trailer of '1982-A Love Marriage' will leave you in splits|url=http://ibnlive.com/news/movies/watch-trailer-of-1982-a-love-marriage-will-leave-you-in-splits-1196261.html|website=[[iBN Live]]|accessdate=14 February 2016|date=29 January 2016}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Amitkumar Sharma]] as Prem
*Omna Harjani as Suman
*Gaurav Prakash Kothari
*Rita Agarwal
*Aloksen Gupta
*Indira Mansukhani
*Sahil Patel
*Nirmal Sehrawat

== Awards and nominations ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Award
!Category
!Recipient(s)
!Result
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Jaipur International Film Festival|9th Jaipur International Film Festival]]
| [[Best Romantic Film]]
| [[Shivkumar Sharma]]
| {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Delhi International Film Festival|5th Delhi International Film Festival]]
| [[Best Feature Film]]
| [[Shivkumar Sharma]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}
http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/1982-a-love-marriage-release-put-on-hold/

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|5467702}}

[[Category:2016 films]]
[[Category:2016 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2016 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2016 comedy films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language comedy films]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Punshi Yumoiba

2026-02-26T07:26:41Z

CaseyBroderick: Made initial entry initial version!

{{Short description|King of the Khuman dynasty (620–700 CE)}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Adon Punshi Yumoiba
| title = Khuman Ningthou
| reign-type = [[Monarch]]
| succession = [[List of Khuman kings|King of the Khuman dynasty]]
| reign = 620 C.E – 700 C.E
| predecessor = [[Laiphangba]]
| successor = [[Senba Mimaba]]
| issue = Yoithongai, Keirunghangbi, Khayoilon Nganbi
| religion = [[Sanamahism]]
| occupation = Monarch
| regnal name = Adon Punshi Yumoiba
| house = [[Khuman dynasty]]
| father = Laiphangba
| mother = Nganurol Kaireima
| spouse = Nganurol Chanu Khambi
}}
{{Khuman Kingdom}}
{{Meitei people}}
'''Adon Punshi Yumoiba''' ({{Langx|omp|Aton Punshi Yumoipa}}) was a ruler of the [[Khuman dynasty]] of ancient [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|pp=14|p=16}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=41-48}} He reigned from 620 CE to 700 CE.{{Sfnp|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998|p=43}}

He was a contemporary of King [[Naothingkhong]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]].{{Sfnp|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998|p=43}}

== Reign and alliances ==
During his reign, Punshi Yumoiba built up the political and cultural significance of ''Nongyai Leikoipung'' ([[Mayang Imphal]]), the second capital city founded by his father [[Laiphangba]]. He built a powerful alliance with King [[Naothingkhong]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]]. Punshi Yoimoiba gave shelter to him and later gave him his daughter, ''Keirunghangbi'' to marriage.{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=41-48}}{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|pp=14|p=16}}

With this alliance, Punshi Yumoiba also gave a part of the Khuman kingdom to the Meitei kingdom. However, this political act triggered a dispute among the Khuman people and led to the rebellion by [[Senba Mimaba]].{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=41-48}}

== Religion and cultural legacy ==
Punshi Yumoiba also started the worship of the goddess [[Imoinu]]. He built her shrine at the royal palace at [[Mayang Imphal]]. This was a significant role in starting the worship if Imoinu into the cultural and spiritual practices of the [[Khuman dynasty]].{{Sfnp|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980|pp=14|p=16}}{{Sfnp|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989|p=41-48}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources cited ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khelchandra Singh |first=Ningthoukhongjam |author-link=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466994 |title=Khuman Kangleirol |date=1980 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Khelchandra Singh, Khuman Kangleirol|1980}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ibobi |first=Laikhuram |author-link= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465221 |title=Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Ibobi, Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron|1998}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kullachandra Sharma |first=B. |author-link=Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466468 |title=Khuman Ningthourol Lambuba |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India |language=mni |ref={{sfnref|Kullachandra Sharma, Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba|1989}}}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:7th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Khuman kings]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Ishannath Mandir

2026-02-23T18:36:57Z

CaseyBroderick: created initial post more to come

{{Short description|Ancient Shiva temple in Mithila}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Ishannath Mandir|deity=Lord Shiva|location=Damami Village, Mithila region|district=Sitamarhi district|state=Bihar|country=India|footnotes=Ancient Shiva temple related to Ramayana|coordinates={{Coord|26.4552685|N|85.4363300|E}}|native_name=ईशाननाथ मंदिर|native_name_lang=mai|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|festivals=Mahashivratri, Sawan Sombari, Basant Panchami|established=[[Treta Yuga]]|image=File:Damamis.jpg|caption=The campus of Ishannath Mahadev Mandir at Damami village}}
'''Ishannath Mandir''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: ईशाननाथ मंदिर) is an ancient temple dedicated to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is located at ''Damami'' Village of ''Lohasi'' Panchayat in the [[Belsand]] block of the [[Sitamarhi district]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=बंगाल की स्थापत्य कला से प्रभावित है बाबा ईशाननाथ मंदिर - Baba Ishannath Temple is influenced by the architecture of Bengal - Bihar Sitamarhi General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/sitamarhi-baba-ishannath-temple-is-influenced-by-the-architecture-of-bengal-22957857.html |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is also known as ''Damami Matha''. The [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] of the temple is also called as ''Swayambhu Mahadev'' and ''Pataleshwar Mahadev''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=सीतामढ़ी जिले का सर्वाधिक प्राचीन एवं प्रसिद्ध शिव मंदिर है बाबा ईशाननाथ मंदिर - Baba Ishannath Temple is the most ancient and famous Shiva temple of Sitamarhi district. - Bihar Muzaffarpur General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-baba-ishannath-temple-is-the-most-ancient-and-famous-shiva-temple-of-sitamarhi-district-21938450.html |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is locally also called as ''Baba Ishannath Mahadev''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=दमामी धाम में भक्तों ने किया जलाभिषेक |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/sitamarhi/story-devotees-performed-jalabhishek-in-damami-dham-6810006.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref> The temple is related to [[Ramayana]]. According to legend, it is said that [[Rama|Lord Rama]]'s procession took rest here while going back to [[Ayodhya]] from [[Janakpur]].<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
In the year 1200 BS ([[Vikram Samvat|Bikram Sambat]]) or 1143 AD, the then ''Mahant'' of [[Jaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Jaleshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]], installed a bell at the main gate of the ''Ishannath Mandir''. After that the temple was looked after by the descendants of that Mahant. Presently the 29th generation of the Mahant is looking after the temple.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />{{India-hindu-temple-stub}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]

Amravati Lok Sabha constituency

2026-02-21T17:36:17Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{short description|Lok Sabha constituency in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Amravati
| type = LS
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Maharashtra/Amravati.map}}
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|br=yes|1951}}
| assembly_cons = [[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]] [[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]] [[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]] [[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur]] [[Melghat Assembly constituency|Melghat]] [[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]]
| latest_election_year = 2024
| reservation = SC
| incumbent_image =
| mp = [[Balwant Baswant Wankhade|Balwant Wankhade]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| electors = 18,36,078
| preceded_by =
}}

'''Amravati Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 48 [[Lok Sabha]] (parliamentary) constituencies in [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Amravati Lok Sabha constituency comprises six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments. These segments (with constituency number and reservation status) are:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! No
! Name
! District
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
! colspan="2" |Leading
{{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|37
|[[Badnera Assembly constituency|Badnera]]
| rowspan="6" |[[Amravati district|Amravati]]
|[[Ravi Rana]]
| bgcolor=#1A34BB|
|[[Ravi Rana|RYSP]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|38
|[[Amravati Assembly constituency|Amravati]]
|[[Sulbha Sanjay Khodke|Sulbha Khodke]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|39
|[[Teosa Assembly constituency|Teosa]]
|[[Rajesh Shriramji Wankhade]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
|40
|[[Daryapur Assembly constituency|Daryapur]] (SC)
|[[Gajanan Lawate]]
|{{party name with color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|-
|41
|[[Melghat Assembly constituency|Melghat]] (ST)
|[[Kewalram Tulsiram Kale|Kewalram Kale]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|42
|[[Achalpur Assembly constituency|Achalpur]]
|[[Pravin Vasantrao Tayade]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|[[Panjabrao Deshmukh]]{{efn|Amravati East}}
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress| rowspan=10}}
|-
|[[Krishnarao Gulabrao Deshmukh|Krishnarao Deshmukh]]{{efn|Amravati West}}
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Panjabrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|1965^
|[[Vimal Punjab Deshmukh|Vimalbai Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Krishnarao Gulabrao Deshmukh|Krishnarao Deshmukh]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Nanasaheb Bonde]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Usha Choudhari]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Sudam Deshmukh]]
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Pratibha Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|[[Anant Gudhe]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena}}
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|[[R. S. Gavai]]
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India}}
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anant Gudhe]]
|{{Full party name with color|Shiv Sena|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Navneet Kaur Rana]]{{efn|Officially supported by the [[Nationalist Congress Party]]}}
|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Balwant Baswant Wankhade]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}
^ by-poll

==Election results==
===General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 election results: Amravati">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Lok Sabha 2024 election results: Amravati |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S137.htm |date=4 June 2024}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Balwant Baswant Wankhade]]
|votes =5,26,271
|percentage = 44.84
|change =New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Navneet Kaur Rana]]|votes=5,06,540|percentage=43.16| change={{decrease}}0.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Prahar Janshakti Party|PJP|candidate=Dinesh Ganeshdas Boob|votes=85,300|percentage=7.27|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above]]|votes=2,544|percentage=0.22|change={{decrease}}0.26}}
{{Election box majority||votes=19,731|percentage=1.68|change={{decrease}}1.64}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=11,73,579|percentage=63.91|change={{up}}3.15}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Independent
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections Result 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = [[Navneet Kaur Rana]]
|votes = 5,10,947
|percentage = 45.95
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Anandrao Adsul]]
|votes = 4,73,996
|percentage = 42.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Vanchit Bahujan Aghadi
|candidate = Gunavant Devpare
|votes = 65,135
|percentage = 5.86
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Arun Motiramji Wankhade
|votes = 12,336
|percentage =.1.11
|change= -8.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 5,322
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 36,951
|percentage =3.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 11,13,853
|percentage = 60.76
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Independent (politician)
|loser = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General Elections Result 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Shiv Sena|candidate=[[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]|votes=4,67,212|percentage=46.72|change=+3.81}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Nationalist Congress Party|candidate=[[Navneet Kaur Rana]]|votes=3,29,280|percentage=32.93|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Gunvant Devpare|votes=98,200|percentage=9.82|change=+4.12}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party of India|candidate=[[Rajendra Gavai]]|votes=54,278|percentage=5.42|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Aam Aadmi Party|candidate=Bhawna Bhavesh Vasnik|votes=6,424|percentage=0.6|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=1,37,932|percentage=13.79|change=+5.36}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=10,04,542|percentage=62.29|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing = +3.81
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS137.htm?ac=7 | title = ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA: GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2014 | access-date = 16 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517152558/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS137.htm?ac=7 | archive-date = 17 May 2014 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

===General Elections Result 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Amravati]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Shiv Sena
|candidate = [[Anandrao Vithoba Adsul|Anandrao Adsul]]
|votes = 3,14,286
|percentage = 42.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party of India (Gavai)
|candidate = [[Rajendra Gavai]]
|votes = 2,52,570
|percentage = 34.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)|Independent
|candidate = Dr. Rajiv Jamthe
|votes = 64,438
|percentage = 8.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Gangadhar Gade]]
|votes = 41,775
|percentage = 5.70
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 61,716
|percentage = 8.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 7,32,508
|percentage = 51.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Shiv Sena
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Amravati district]]
* [[Wardha district]]
* [[Ramtek Lok Sabha constituency]] (for Amravati West Lok Sabha constituency abolished after 1951 elections)
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://indiaelection.github.io/indiaelections2014info/parliament/2019/states/maharashtra/amravati/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_results.html Amravati lok sabha constituency election 2019 results details]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord|20|55|54.99|N|77|45|55.05|E|region:IN|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amravati Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Amravati district]]

Aakash Gupta

2026-02-18T11:33:56Z

CaseyBroderick: Creating New Entry...

{{Short description|Indian stand-up comedian}}
{{Infobox YouTube personality
| name = Aakash Gupta
| image = Aakash Gupta at the premiere of Follow Kar Lo Yaar (cropped).jpg
| caption = Gupta in 2025
| birth_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| education = [[Bachelor of Commerce]]
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|01|5|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Delhi, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|YouTuber|Vlogger}}
| youtube_handle = AakashGupta
| youtube_display_name = Aakash Gupta
| youtube_years_active =
| youtube_genre = [[Comedy]]
| youtube_subscribers = 4.5 million
| youtube_views = 534million

| stats_update = 13 April 2025
}}

'''Aakash Gupta''' is an Indian comic, actor, performer [[YouTuber]] and theatre artist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comicstaan Season 2 winners: Akash Gupta, Samay Raina win the Amazon original show, awarded prize money of Rs 10 lakh |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/comicstaan-season-2-winners-akash-gupta-samay-raina-win-the-amazon-original-show-awarded-prize-money-of-rs-10-lakh-1581506-2019-08-16 |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=Comicstaan season 2: Akash Gupta, Samay Raina crowned as winners of Amazon Prime Video India comedy show |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/comicstaan-season-2-akash-gupta-samay-raina-crowned-as-winners-of-amazon-prime-video-india-comedy-show-7177151.html |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> He was the co-winner of the second season of the stand-up comedy competition television series [[Comicstaan]] along with [[Samay Raina]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Ira |date=2021-02-26 |title=You Don't Have To Visit Sarojini Nagar, Just Listen To Aakash Gupta's Standup About The Market |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/travel/aakash-gupta-standup-act-delhi-sarojini-nagar/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.scoopwhoop.com |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-06 |title=Uncensored With Aakash Gupta: The Winner of Comicstaan Season Two |url=https://dubeat.com/2019/10/uncensored-with-aakash-gupta-the-winner-of-comicstaan-season-two/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=DU Beat |language=en-US}}</ref> He is trained in [[performing arts]] and [[sketch comedy]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-16 |title=Aakash Gupta and Samay Raina win Comicstaan 2 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/comicstaan-2-winners-aakash-gupta-and-samay-raina-5909204/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Born and raised in [[Delhi]], Gupta did his schooling at Sumermal Jain Public School. Gupta attended [[Delhi University]] graduating with a [[Bachelor of Commerce|Bachelor in Commerce]] with Honours. He was first exposed to the theatre in college and where he was well known as a performer. He performed in several streets and stage plays in his college and also various other college fests such as [[Mood Indigo (festival)|Mood Indigo]] ([[IIT Bombay]], [[IIT Delhi]]). In his final year, Gupta was the president of ''Natuve''- The theatre society of Shaheed Bhagat Singh College. After graduation Gupta worked as an audit associate with [[KPMG]] for one year, while doing theatre on weekends with different groups in Delhi.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}}

== Early career ==
Gupta eventually chose to quit his corporate job and to focus on learning different forms of theatre, while keeping up his work in comedy and improv. In 2014, he did an internship at Radio Mantra. Gupta further explored acting by undertaking professional training in Red Nose Clowning & [[Commedia dell'arte]] from Indian and German acting teachers.

After leaving KPMG, Gupta developed an interest in improv comedy and joined a comedy improv collective in Delhi in 2014 called Cueless Improv under the guidance of Varoon Anand, Delhi's experienced improv trainer. Gupta continued learning improvised comedy and did multiple improv shows for two years with the group. In 2014, he began pursuing a career in stand-up comedy after performing at an open mic at Akshara Theatre in Delhi.

Around 2015 he started working with seasoned comic Nitin Gupta, as an actor and a co-writer, for Gupta's comedy network The Humour Beings for their comedy sketches.

Aakash finally released his first stand up video on YouTube in 2017 after three years of doing stand up. This video was recorded in the Mumbai venue, The Habitat (formerly known as Tuning Fork).

== Stand-up ==
Gupta began pursuing a career in stand-up comedy after performing various improv shows. Gupta's national comedy tours began after the success of his first two stand-up videos titled: ''Train Journeys & Honeymoon'' ''Trips'' and ''Relationships, Clubbing & Cocktails'' with his Stand up solo titled ''Bhai Khush Raha Kar (Brother Stay Happy).''

In 2018, ''Delhi Metro'' video released became a worldwide viral sensation and has been the highest watched video on the channel till date. When Aakash auditioned for [[Comicstaan 2]] which aired on [[Amazon Prime Video]] he quickly become a popular contestant amongst audiences. He consistently received the highest scores in most episodes. His unique sketch comedic style landed him in the grand finale of the show and he ended up being the co-winner of Season 2 along with [[Samay Raina]]. After his new found fame from Comicstaan, Aakash started doing multiple shows across India and filled up auditoriums and college gigs.

== YouTube ==
Aakash released a new stand-up video titled ''Dogs'' followed by ''Sarojini Nagar'' which again became trending on YouTube. ''Sarojini Nagar'' was one of the first Indian stand-up videos to trend at #1 on YouTube. Most overseas fans of Aakash discovered him on YouTube, as well. This helped him cross 1 million subscribers on YouTube. He received his YouTube [[YouTube Creator Awards|Silver Play Button]] on 11 September 2018 and his YouTube Gold Play Button on 22 July 2020. In 2022, he released a stand up video ''Paan,'' which trended #2 on YouTube in less than 12 hours after release.

== OTT work ==
Gupta was a part of a comedy reality show on [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime video]] titled ''LOL: Hasse Toh Phasse''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch LOL - Hasse toh Phasse -Season 1 {{!}} Prime Video |url=https://www.amazon.com/LOL-Hasse-toh-Phasse-Season/dp/B092KPPLJF |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=www.amazon.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Philip |first=Susan Joe |date=2021-04-29 |title=Actors Arshad Warsi and Boman Irani on their upcoming comedy series 'LOL: Hasse Toh Phasse' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/actors-arshad-warsi-and-boman-irani-on-their-upcoming-comedy-series-lol-hasse-toh-phasse/article34441046.ece |access-date=2022-04-23 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> along with [[Sunil Grover]], [[Gaurav Gera]], Kusha Kapila, [[Mallika Dua]], [[Cyrus Broacha]] and more. In 2021, he appeared in the first season of Netflix's ''[[Comedy Premium League]] (CPL)'', carrying out debates and roasts. Gupta teamed up with [[Kenny Sebastian]], [[Kaneez Surka]], Prashasti Singh and they called themselves The Gharelu Gilehris ''(''Homely Squirrels'')''. Later in May 2021, he wrote, directed, and acted in sketches for the newly launched AVOD platform Amazon Mini TV. In 2022, Gupta played a lead role in the web series ''Couple Goals S3'' which premiered on Amazon Mini TV.

== Personal life ==
Aakash keeps his personal life private on social media. He got married in October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-22 |title=All The Deets From Comedian Aakash Gupta's Wedding In New Delhi |url=https://shaadiwish.com/blog/2021/10/22/comedian-aakash-guptas-wedding/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=ShaadiWish |language=en-US}}</ref> The wedding was attended by many famous comics and content creators. Stand-up comedian, Gaurav Kapoor made a highly viewed vlog about the wedding.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2015
|''Censorship - Ep. 1 - Gangs of Gaalipur''
|TheHumorBeings
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Censorship - Ep. 1 {{!}} Gangs of Gaalipur |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZbRJ024rOg |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|''Censorship - Ep. 2 - Jism Reloaded''
|TheHumorBeings
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Censorship - Ep-2 - 'Jism Reloaded' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYXbFBGXlJ8 |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''Ek Tha Restaurant''
|TheHumorBeings
|<ref>{{Citation |title=THB: Ek Tha Restaurant |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z6gU3MK99XY |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|''Times of Intolerance''
|TheHumorBeings
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Times of Intolerance - Ep-1 : Award Wapsi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwPNwBzM7xM |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|''[[Comicstaan 2]]''
|Co-Winner
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Comicstaan 2 winner Aakash Gupta: The biggest challenge was to not disappoint myself |work=Indian Express |editor-last=Tripathi |editor-first=Anuj |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/comictsaan-2-winner-aakash-gupta-5917927/ |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|''[[Comedy Premium League]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-21 |title=Comedy Premium League review: The closest India will get to a Saturday Night Live |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/comedy-premium-league-review-the-closest-india-will-get-to-a-saturday-night-live-7463321/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|Top 3
|
|-
|2021
|''LOL: Hasse Toh Phasse''
|Top 3
|<ref>{{Cite web |editor-last=Tripathi |editor-first=Anuj |title='LOL- Hasee toh phasee' full episodes review: The new comedy show released on Amazon Prime is hilarious, Gaurav Gera beats all the 9 contestants and takes the prize money home! |url=https://thesillytv.com/lol-hasee-toh-phasee-full-episodes-review-the-new-comedy-show-released-on-amazon-prime-is-hilarious-gaurav-gera-beats-all-the-9-contestants-and-takes-the-prize-money- |access-date=22 October 2022 |website=The Silly TV}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|''Couple Goals'' S3<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alisha |title=Amazon miniTV: Couple Goals Season 3 Web Series Episode Review, Cast, and, more! |url=https://getindianews.com/watch-couple-goals-season-3-web-series-all-episodes-released-on-amazon-minitv/ |access-date=2022-04-23 |website=getindianews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|Lead role
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|10757218}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Aakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian comedians]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedians]]
[[Category:Indian comedy YouTubers]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:1993 births]]

Manesar Municipal Corporation

2026-02-18T10:10:51Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Local civic body in Manesar, Haryana, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Manesar Municipal Corporation
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| transcription_name =
| logo_pic =
| house_type = Municipal Corporation
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = 2020
| leader1_type = [[Mayor (India)|Mayor]]
| leader1 = Inderjeet Yadav
| party1 = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| election1 = March 2025
| leader2_type = [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]
| leader2 =
| party2 =
| election2 =
| leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
| leader3 = Manish Sharma
| party3 = [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| election3 =
| seats = '''20'''
| structure1_res = 275px
| structure1 =
| political_groups1 =
'''Government (20)'''
:*{{Colour box|#FF9933}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] (14)<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/upper-hand-for-bjp-in-mcm-as-7-independent-councillors-switch-sides/articleshow/121580351.cms</ref>
:*{{Colour box|#B2B2B2}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (6)
| term_length = 5 years
| authority =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|First-past-the-post]]
| last_election1 = [[2025 Haryana local elections|2 March 2025]]
| next_election1 = 2030
| motto =
| session_room =
| session_res =
| session_alt =
| meeting_place = [[Gurgaon]], [[Haryana]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Manesar Municipal Corporation''' is the [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] governing the [[India]]n city of [[Manesar]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurugram district]]. Manesar Municipal Corporation is headed by the city's [[mayor]] and governed by a [[Municipal commissioner (India)|commissioner]].

== History and administration ==

Manesar Municipal Corporation was formed in 2020 to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population.<ref name="ma3">{{cite news |last1=Chaman |first1=Vishakha |title=MCM budget: Focus on health, sanitation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/mcm-budget-focus-on-health-sanitation/articleshow/90467108.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=27 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="ma1">{{cite news |title=One year later, Municipal Corporation of Manesar battling transfer of amenities |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/gurugram-news/one-year-later-municipal-corporation-of-manesar-battling-transfer-of-amenities-101640287094252.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=hindustantimes.com |date=24 December 2021}}</ref> Manesar Corporation has been categorised into seven zones for administrative convenience.<ref name="ma2">{{cite news |title=Manesar municipal corporation divided into seven zones |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/manesar-municipal-corporation-divided-into-7-zones-for-better-governance/articleshow/80162013.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=Times of India |date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

Manesar Municipal Corporation is governed by mayor and administered by Municipal Commissioner Vinay Pratap Singh.

== Functions ==
Manesar Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:<ref name="ma9">{{cite news |title=Municipal Corporation - Functions, Roles, Members Qualification and Term |url=https://www.elections.in/government/municipal-corporation-in-india.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name="ma10">{{cite news |title=Good municipal governance key to improve quality of life {{!}} Pune News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/good-municipal-governance-key-to-improve-quality-of-life/articleshow/57320746.cms |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=The Times of India |date=24 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

* Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
* Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
* Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
* Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
* Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
* Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
* Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
* Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
* Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.

== Revenue sources ==

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.<ref name="ma11">{{cite news |last1=Jadhav |first1=Radheshyam |title=Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/why-civic-bodies-in-india-need-municipal-bonds/article33237962.ece |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=www.thehindubusinessline.com |date=3 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ma12">{{cite news |title=Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/municipal-corporations-under-severe-strain-as-revenues-sink-rbi-report-314215-2021-12-02 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=2 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ma13">{{cite news |title=If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/if-cities-are-to-deliver-better-quality-life-need-to-have-business-models-which-are-sustainable/642276/ |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=17 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

=== Revenue from taxes ===
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Property tax.
* Profession tax.
* Entertainment tax.
* Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
* Advertisement tax.

=== Revenue from non-tax sources ===

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

* Water usage charges.
* Fees from Documentation services.
* Rent received from municipal property.
* Funds from municipal bonds.

== See also ==

* [[List of municipal corporations in India]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mcambala.gov.in/ Official website]


[[Category:Municipal corporations in Haryana]]
[[Category:Gurgaon district]]

Santosh Mehrotra

2026-02-11T07:09:17Z

CaseyBroderick: done...

{{Short description|Indian economist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Economist
|name = Santosh K. Mehrotra
|image=
|caption=Human development economist
|birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1955|7|30}}
|birth_place=[[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh|UP]], India)
|death_date=
|death_place=
|field=[[Human development (humanity)|Human development]], economist
|institution=[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], Delhi, India
|influences=
|alma_mater=[[Cambridge University]] [[The New School]] (New York City) [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] [[Allahabad University]] [[La Martiniere College]]
|contributions=human development economist

|website=https://santoshmehrotraeco0.wixsite.com/my-site-1/bio}}

'''Santosh Mehrotra''' ([[Lucknow]], U.P. India, 30 July 1955) is a development economist, whose research and writings have had most influence in the areas of labour, employment, skill development, on the relationship between human development and economic growth, [[child poverty]], and the economics of education. He was an economic adviser in the [[United Nations system]] in New York City, Italy, and [[Thailand]] (1991–2006), and [[technocrat]] in the [[government of India]] (2006–2014), apart from making contributions to academic research since the mid-1980s. He has also in recent years established a reputation as an institution-builder in the field of research in India, despite facing difficult odds. He brings a combination of professional experience: with the [[Indian government]] as a policy maker and adviser, with international organisations as a technical expert, having lived on three continents and travelled to 63 countries providing technical advice to governments; and as an academic whose research work has been translated into French, Spanish, [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], Italian and German.

He is married to [[Sushma Kapoor]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unwomen-eseasia.org/News/2011_correctingImbalance_s_ratio_at_birth.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604120235/http://www.unwomen-eseasia.org/News/2011_correctingImbalance_s_ratio_at_birth.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=4 June 2012|title=United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)|work=unwomen-eseasia.org}}</ref> who was the Deputy Regional Director, [[UNWOMEN]], South Asia, and has a daughter, Pia Sukanya, who is a singer, music-maker, actress and film director.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/PiaSukanya|title=Pia Sukanya|publisher=Twitter}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Mehrotra was the son of an officer of the [[Indian Administrative Service]]. He had most of his early education in schools in Lucknow, including the historic [[La Martiniere College]]. He finished his schooling in [[Allahabad]], the university town. His mother, herself a poet in [[Hindi]], from Allahabad, had grown up surrounded by stories of the nationalist movement against the British, and both parents imbued him with a deep sense of nationalism. She was the daughter of a distinguished lawyer, who was Mayor of Allahabad. Her father, KP Kakkar had defeated [[Motilal Nehru]], the father of India's first Prime Minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], in the city elections to the Mayor-ship in 1922.

After Mehrotra graduated from [[Allahabad University]], his father expected him to join the Indian Administrative Service. However, he wanted to become an academic and won two fellowships to study abroad, first to obtain a master's degree in Economics at [[The New School]] for Social Research, New York city. Here he was taught by well-known economists, like [[Edward J. Nell]], [[Robert Heilbroner]], Ross Thomson, and Gita Sen. Mehrotra then moved to [[Cambridge University]] to do a PhD in Economics.

==Professional life==
Finishing the PhD in 1985 he returned to India to a life in academia. In 1988 he became [[associate professor]], School of International Studies, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], New Delhi.

In 1991, Mehrotra was called away to the United Nations system in New York. From 1991 to 2006, he spent 15 years with two UN agencies – [[UNICEF]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unicef.org/eapro/Santosh_Bio.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063410/http://www.unicef.org/eapro/Santosh_Bio.pdf }}</ref> and [[UNDP]]. In the latter, he was the chief economist of the global Human Development Report (2002–05), New York. Before that he led the research programme on developing countries at UNICEF's global research institute, the [[Innocenti]] Research Center, [[Florence]], Italy (1999–2002).

After an international career, he left the UN to return to India in September 2006 to head the Rural Development Division of [[Planning Commission (India)]], where he was also the Economic Adviser for the Social Sectors. He then headed Development Policy Division, Planning Commission (till August 2009).<ref name="crop.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.crop.org/storypg.aspx?id=328&MenuNode=633964837658369422&zone=17|title=Santosh Mehrotra|work=crop.org}}</ref>

He was Director-General, [[National Institute of Labour Economics Research]] (earlier called [[Institute of Applied Manpower Research]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iamrindia.gov.in/|title=IAMR|work=iamrindia.gov.in}}</ref>), Planning Commission (in the rank of Secretary, [[Government of India]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120508053411/http://planningcommission.gov.in/rti/doc_rti/off_order.pdf Planning Commission document]</ref> until August 2014.

He also held a three-year appointment as Parkin Visiting Professor at the Centre for International Development in the Faculty of Social Sciences, at the [[University of Bath]],<ref name="bath.ac.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/news/2011/11/29/david-parkin-visiting-prof/|title=David Parkin Visiting Professorship 2012/13|work=bath.ac.uk}}</ref> UK (2010–13).

Mehrotra was till mid 2020 Professor of Economics, [[Centre for Informal Sector and Labour Studies]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=skmehrotra |title=Show Profile |access-date=18 February 2015 |archive-date=26 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426053026/http://www.jnu.ac.in/FacultyStaff/ShowProfile.asp?SendUserName=skmehrotra }}</ref>

Santosh Mehrotra is currently visiting professor, at the Centre for Development studies, [[University of Bath]], UK.

==Contributions==
He was a lead author of several chapters in India's 11th Five Year Plan ([[Five-Year Plans of India]]) (2007–2012). For the 11th Plan, he led the team that authored several chapters related to watershed development; [[land reforms]]; and [[food security]] and nutrition. Later, for the 12th Five Year Plan (2012–17) he led the team that wrote the chapters on Employment and on Skill Development.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120502035448/http://planningcommission.gov.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/wg_emp_planing.pdf Planning Commission document]</ref> He was also the Team Leader of the second-ever national Human Development Report of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iamrindia.gov.in/HDR.htm|title=Untitled Page|work=iamrindia.gov.in}}</ref>

In early 2011 he led the drafting of a National Vocational Education Qualification Framework for India, which is the basis of skill development now being implemented by the Government of India generally, and especially the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=70242|title=Print Release|work=pib.nic.in}}</ref> The NVEQF (now called the National Skills Qualification Framework)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.lotsbuzz.com/haryana-state-government-directorate-of-school-education-along-with-wadhwani-foundation-unveils-pilot-for-the-national-vocational-educational-qualification-framework-nveqf-programme/|title=Haryana State Government Directorate of School Education along with Wadhwani Foundation unveils pilot for the National Vocational Educational Qualification Framework (NVEQF) programme|work=lotsbuzz.com}}</ref><ref>[http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/EXECUTIVE%20ORDER_new.pdf Executive order] Ministry of Human Resource Development</ref> is the basis of vocational education being introduced in class 9 in India, enabling 15-year-old children in schools in India to access vocational education. This was a change for India's school children, as millions of them drop out after completing 8 years of compulsory schooling. Currently he is a member of the National Steering Committee of National Skills Qualification Framework, [[MHRD]]

As Member-Secretary of the Expert Group on 'Development Challenges in Extremist-Affected Areas', he steered a landmark report to the Planning Commission, which became the basis of several policy initiatives by the Planning Commission for rural areas that are Maoist-affected districts.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908095833/http://planningcommission.gov.in/reports/publications/rep_dce.pdf Planning Commission document]</ref>

He was a member of the NC Saxena Committee on 'Criteria to Identify the Poor', and a member of its Drafting Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Food%20Security/Report%20of%20the%20Expert%20Group%20%28NC%20Saxena%29%20on%20the%20methodology%20for%20the%20BPL%20Census%202009.pdf|title=PRSIndia|access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> He co-authored the research paper that became the basis of the methodology now adopted by the government of India in the Socio-Economic Census over 2011–2013 to identify the poor conducted.

He was also a member of the Expert Group of government of India to revamp the self-help groups based programme, SGSY ([[Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana]]), and convert it into the [[National Rural Livelihood Mission]]. NRLM has been taken to scale all over India, as a much improved programme to promote women's self-help groups.

He was a member of the inter-ministerial Expert Group that designed the first major Conditional Cash Transfer for the Govt of India ([[Ministry of Women and Child Development]]), giving cash transfers to pregnant and lactating mothers, 2009.

He was the only Indian economist on the international review panel of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation 2009–10.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.3ieimpact.org/media/filer_public/2013/10/22/updated_agenda_1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026025624/http://www.3ieimpact.org/media/filer_public/2013/10/22/updated_agenda_1.pdf }}</ref> He was a member of the World Bank's High Level Advisory Panel, Washington, DC, in 2011 to advise IDA/World Bank on criteria for selecting projects for conducting Impact Evaluations. For the World Bank he was invited by its Independent Evaluation Group prepare a paper on the state of evaluation in India.<ref>[https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/19000/884180NWP0Box300ecd0wp280india0me00.pdf?sequence=1 Evaluation Capacity Development] World Bank</ref>

Mehrotra writes regularly for a number of English<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a-fuels-errand/|title=A fuel's errand|date=4 February 2015|work=The Indian Express}}</ref> and Hindi language newspapers on these issues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/jobless-growth-no-more/article5919426.ece|title = 'Jobless growth' no more|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 17 April 2014|last1 = Mehrotra|first1 = Santosh}}</ref> He also appears regularly on Indian and international TV channels<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iamrindia.gov.in/_media.htm|title=Dr. Santosh Mehrotra, Director General IAMR in MEDIA|work=iamrindia.gov.in}}</ref> as a poverty specialist and human development economist.<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zH29koxMyw|title=Santosh Mehrotra Policies to Achieve Inclusive Growth in India: Seizing the Demographic Dividend|date=19 December 2013|via=YouTube}}</ref>

==Controversies==
When in 2013 the data suggested that despite the fastest economic growth in the history of independent India, the growth was 'jobless', with manufacturing employment actually falling in absolute terms, he had no hesitation in so averring, despite heading a Planning Commission-funded research institute. Mehrotra was repeatedly interviewed by TV channels, and demonstrated that there had been jobless growth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iamrindia.gov.in/occ_paper/Joblessness.pdf|title = Error- National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (Formerly Institute of Applied Manpower Research), an Autonomous Institute under NITI Aayog, Government of India}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smartinvestor.business-standard.com/market/Features-165922-Featuresdet-Jobless_growth_is_now_official.htm|title=Jobless growth is now official – The Smart Investor|work=Business Standard}}</ref>

Mehrotra has also shown through his research that the government commitment to skilling 500 million people between 2012 and 2022 is based on an incorrect estimate, and the government's instruction to its ministries to plan skill development capacity accordingly risks wasting resources. He showed that the numbers to be skilled over 10 years was only about 200 million, a daunting enough task.<ref name="epw.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/special-articles/estimating-indias-skill-gap-realistic-basis-2022.html|title=Estimating India's Skill Gap on a Realistic Basis for 2022|work=epw.in}}</ref>

==Awards and fellowships==
* Member, International Scientific Committee, Council on Research on Poverty (CROP), International Social Science Research Council, Paris, 2004–10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Comparative_Research_Programme_on_Poverty|title=Comparative Research Programme on Poverty|work=sourcewatch.org}}</ref>
* Fellow, Council for Research on Poverty (CROP),<ref name="crop.org"/> Norway, 2011 to present.
* Parkin Visiting Professor, Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath 2010–13<ref name="bath.ac.uk"/>
* Visiting Fellow, Centre for Development Studies, University of Bath.
* [[Rockefeller Foundation]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/|title=The Rockefeller Foundation|work=rockefellerfoundation.org}}</ref> Bellagio Centre, Italy: Author Fellowship, June 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/bellagio-center/conferences-and-residencies/20937|title=Santosh K. Mehrotra|work=rockefellerfoundation.org}}</ref>
* Visiting Research Professor, [[University of Bergen]], Norway (2014–15)
* Professorial fellow, Nehru Memorial Museum and library, New Delhi;
* Research fellow, IZA institute of labour economics, Bonn, Germany;

==National advisory boards==
He has been on a large number of advisory boards in India since 2006:

* Member, National Steering Committee for the National Skils Qualification Framework, Ministry of HRD, Government of India<ref name="iamrindia.gov.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.iamrindia.gov.in/proposed.pdf|title = Error- National Institute of Labour Economics Research and Development (Formerly Institute of Applied Manpower Research), an Autonomous Institute under NITI Aayog, Government of India}}</ref>
* Member of six working groups or steering committees for 12th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission: two in education (one for elem edu, one for higher edu); one in rural development; two in labour and employment; one in industry, 2011–12
* Member, National Governing Council, National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme, Ministry of Rural Development, 2006–2008
* Member, ExpertGroup of Feminist Economists (created to make recommendations on the 11th and 12th Five Year Plan)

==International advisory boards==
* Member, International Advisory Board, [[Chronic Poverty Research Centre]], UK, since 2008
* Member, Editorial Board, Compare, a journal of International Comparative Education (UK),2005–11
* Member, Editorial advisory board of Journal of Global Social Policy (Sage), [[Sheffield University]] and [[Globalism]] and Social Policy Programme, [[Helsinki]], 2002–11
* Member, International Advisory Board, Younglives<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.younglives.org.uk/who-we-are/international-advisory-board|title=International Advisory Board – Young Lives|work=younglives.org.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705034934/http://www.younglives.org.uk/who-we-are/international-advisory-board|archive-date=5 July 2012}}</ref> Research Project, [[Queen Elizabeth House]], [[Oxford University]], UK (in India, [[Vietnam]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Peru]]), 2001–2012
* International Expert Advisory panel of UNDP's global Human Development Report, New York (Consumption for Human Development 1997; Human Development to Eradicate Poverty 1998)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150415073824/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/264/hdr_2003_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report]</ref>
* Member, International Advisory Board, Research programme on macro-economic policy analysis for growth and employment (PEP), IDRC ([[International Development Research Centre]]), Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.pep-net.org/users/view/id/10016|title=Edit user – Intranet PEP Research Network|work=pep-net.org}}</ref>
* Chair, global Expert Group on Technical and Vocational Education and Training, [[UNESCO]], Paris, 2014–15

==Books and publications==
He has written or edited eleven books, which are taught in universities around the world:

* Social and Economic Policies to Reduce Poverty in Latin America: Is there something that can be learned from the experience in Asia, (National University of Maxico, 2021)
* Reviving Jobs: an Agenda for Growth,[https://global.penguinrandomhouse.com/ penguinrandomhouse], 2020
* Planning in the 20th Century and Beyond: India's Planning Commission and NITI Aayog, [[Cambridge University Press]].
* Seizing the Demographic Dividend. Policies to Achieve Inclusive Growth in India (Cambridge University Press 2015);<ref name="youtube.com" />
* Countering Naxalism with Development: The Challenge of State Security with Social Justice (Sage 2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sagepub.in/books/Book242980?subject=B00&imprint=%22SAGE%20India%22&sortBy=defaultPubDate%20desc&fs=1|title=SAGE: Countering Naxalism with Development: Challenges of Social Justice and State Security: Santosh Mehrotra: 9788132113935|work=SAGE|date=20 September 2021}}</ref>
* Land Policies for Growth with Equity:Transforming the Agrarian Structure in [[Uttar Pradesh]] (Sage 2014);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.alibris.com/Land-Policies-for-Equity-and-Growth-Transforming-the-Agrarian-Structure-in-Uttar-Pradesh/book/27258670|title=Land Policies for Equity and Growth: Transforming the Agrarian Structure in Uttar Pradesh|author=Santosh Mehrotra, Ajit Kumar Singh|work=alibris.com}}</ref>
* India's Skills Challenge: Reforming Vocational Education and Training to Harness the Demographic Dividend, ed. (Oxford University Press 2014)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199452774.do|title=India's Skills Challenge|work=oup.com|date=30 December 2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-945277-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oup.co.in/product/academic-general/economics/development-economics/155/indias-skills-challenge-reforming-vocational-education-training-harness-demographic-dividend/9780199452774|title=India's Skills Challenge: Reforming Vocational Education and Training to Harness the Demographic Div – Economics – Development-Economics|work=oup.co.in}}</ref>
* Eliminating Human Poverty: Macro-economic and Social Policies for Equitable Growth (Zed, London, 2007).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo20848966.html |title=Eliminating Human Poverty: Macroeconomic and Social Policies for Equitable Growth, Mehrotra, Delamonica |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-date=8 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608023058/http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/E/bo20848966.html }}</ref>
* Asian Informal Workers. Global Risks, Local Protection ([[Routledge]], London, 2007),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cambridgeindia.org/showbookdetails1.asp?ISBN=9780415382755&category_id=56X|title=Cambridge University Press India|work=cambridgeindia.org}}</ref>
* The Economics of Elementary Education in India, [[SAGE Publications]], 2006;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sagepub.in/books/Book228903|title=SAGE: The Economics of Elementary Education in India: The Challenge of Public Finance, Private Provision and Household Costs: Santosh Mehrotra: 9780761934196|work=SAGE|date=19 September 2021}}</ref>
* Universalizing Elementary Education in India. Unchanging the Tiger Economy (Oxford, 2005);
* Le Developpement a Visage Humain, Economica, Paris, 2001;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.alibris.com/Le-Developpement-a-Visage-Humain-La-Voie-Qui-Mene-Au-Developpement-Social-Et-La-Croissance-economique/book/-271784234?qsort=c&matches=3|title=Le Developpement a Visage Humain: La Voie Qui Mene Au Developpement Social Et La Croissance economique|author=Et, Mehrotra S.|work=alibris.com}}</ref>
* Development with a Human Face.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/publications/index_4383.html|title=Development with a Human Face: Experiences in Social Achievement and Economic Growth – UNICEF Publications – UNICEF|date=28 April 2003|work=UNICEF}}</ref> Experiences in Social Achievement and Economic Growth ([[Clarendon Press]], 1997 and [[Oxford]], 2000);<ref>{{cite book|url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780198296577.do|title=Development with a Human Face|work=oup.com|date=20 July 2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-829657-7}}</ref>
* India and the Soviet Union: Trade and Technology Transfer, [[Cambridge University Press]], 1990)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9780511559884|title=India and the Soviet Union|publisher=cambridge.org|year=1991|doi=10.1017/CBO9780511559884|last1=Mehrotra|first1=Santosh K.|isbn=978-0-521-36202-3}}</ref>

==Research articles==
*"Explaining Employment Trends in India, 1993/4 to 2011/12, [[Economic and Political Weekly]], vol 49, no. 32.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/special-articles/explaining-employment-trends-indian-economy-1993-94-2011-12.html|title=Explaining Employment Trends in the Indian Economy: 1993–94 to 2011–12|work=epw.in}}</ref>
*"International Experience with National Training Funds: Lessons for India", Economic and Political Weekly, vol 49, no 26-7.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/special-articles/international-experience-national-training-funds.html|title=International Experience with National Training Funds|work=epw.in}}</ref>
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |last2=Gandhi |first2=Ankita |last3=Sahoo |first3=Bimal K |title=Estimating India's Skill Gap: on a Realistic Basis for 2022 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=2013 |volume=48 |issue=13 |pages=102–111 |jstor=23391471 }}
*{{cite web |first1=Santosh |last1=Mehrotra |first2=Ankita |last2=Gandhi |first3=Partha |last3=Saha |first4=Bimal Kishore |last4=Sahoo |title=Joblessness and Informalization: Challenges to Inclusive Growth in India |website=Institute of Applied Manpower Research |date=December 2012 |url=http://iamrindia.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Joblessness.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013142504/http://iamrindia.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Joblessness.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-13}}
*"A Proposed National Qualifications Framework for Vocational Education for India", IAMR Occasional Paper no 4, 2012.<ref name="iamrindia.gov.in"/>
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=India and the global economic crisis |journal=Journal of Asian Public Policy |date=22 October 2010 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=122–134 |doi=10.1080/17516234.2010.504326 |s2cid=153663875 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=Monitoring, evaluation and performance management in South Asia: The challenge of building capacity |journal=Evaluation |date=2013-01-01 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=74–84 |doi=10.1177/1356389012471257 |s2cid=143775418 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=The cost and financing of the right to education in India: Can we fill the financing gap? |journal=International Journal of Educational Development |date=January 2012 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |doi=10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.02.001 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |last2=Kapoor |first2=Sushma |title=Capability deprivation of women: are women holding up half the sky in Asia? |journal=Journal of Asian Public Policy |date=28 October 2009 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=243–265 |doi=10.1080/17516230903204729 |s2cid=153645420 }}
*"The 'reformed' Planning Commission: The Way Forward, Economic and Political Weekly, 2014, vol 49, no 37.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epw.in/after-planning-commission/reformed-%E2%80%98planning-commission%E2%80%99.html|title=The Reformed 'Planning Commission'|work=epw.in}}</ref>
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=Reforming elementary education in India: A menu of options |journal=International Journal of Educational Development |date=May 2006 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=261–277 |doi=10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.08.001 }}
*Social Protection in the Informal Economy: Home-based Women Workers and Outsourced Manufacturing in South Asian, World Development ([[Boston]] United States), Oct 2005, vol 33, no 10, 1735–1757, {{ISSN|0305-750X}}<ref>[http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/iwp97.pdf Innocenti Working Paper] unicef-irc.org</ref>
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=Education for All: Policy Lessons from High-Achieving Countries |journal=International Review of Education |date=1998-09-01 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=461–484 |doi=10.1023/A:1003433029696 |jstor=3444849 |bibcode=1998IREdu..44..461M |s2cid=142665983 }}
*Finance for Development, Journal of Global Social Policy (based UK), April 2002, {{ISSN|1468-0181}}.
*{{cite journal |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Santosh |title=Improving cost-effectiveness and mobilizing resources for primary education in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Prospects |date=1998-09-01 |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=469–489 |doi=10.1007/BF02736819 |s2cid=144201854 }}

Many other research articles can be found on [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Santosh_Mehrotra/ this web page.]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehrotra, Santosh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Bath]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Jawaharlal Nehru University]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:La Martinière College, Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:The New School alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Lucknow]]
[[Category:UNICEF people]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]

Anukul Roy

2026-02-09T18:18:09Z

CaseyBroderick: expanded layout as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1998)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Anukul Roy
| image =
| country = India
| fullname = Anukul Sudhakar Roy
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|11|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Seraikela Kharsawan]], [[Jharkhand]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Left-handed
| bowling = [[Slow left-arm orthodox]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| club1 = [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]]
| year1 = 2017/18–present
| club2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]
| year2 = 2019
| club3 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| year3 = 2022-present

| columns = 3
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 44
| runs1 = 1,729
| bat avg1 = 27.01
| 100s/50s1 = 4/7
| top score1 = 153
| deliveries1 = 7,453
| wickets1 = 133
| bowl avg1 = 27.03
| fivefor1 = 6
| tenfor1 = 2
| best bowling1 = 8/55
| catches/stumpings1 = 31/–

| column2 = [[List A cricket|LA]]
| matches2 = 56
| runs2 = 1,099
| bat avg2 = 30.52
| 100s/50s2 = 0/6
| top score2 = 96[[not out|*]]
| deliveries2 = 2,388
| wickets2 = 55
| bowl avg2 = 34.69
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = 4/31
| catches/stumpings2 = 27/–

| column3 =[[Twenty20|T20]]
| matches3 =70
| runs3 = 960
| bat avg3 = 25.94
| 100s/50s3 = 0/2
| top score3 = 95[[not out|*]]
| deliveries3 = 1,283
| wickets3 = 56
| bowl avg3 = 27.41
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = –
| best bowling3 = 4/17
| catches/stumpings3 = 39/–
| date = 28 December 2025
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/1079839.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Anukul Sudhakar Roy''' (born 30 November 1998) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] and [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]. In December 2017, he was named in India's squad for the [[2018 Under-19 Cricket World Cup]].<ref name="IndiaU19">{{cite web |title=Prithvi Shaw to lead India in Under-19 World Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/prithvi-shaw-to-lead-india-in-under-19-world-cup-1128314 |access-date=3 December 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He was the joint highest wicket taker in the Under-19 Cricket World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=11980&type=tournament|title=ICC Under-19 World Cup, 2017/18 Cricket Team Records & Stats - ESPNcricinfo|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref>

He was born in [[Seraikela Kharsawan district|Seraikela Kharsawan]] in the state of [[Jharkhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anukul Roy Profile|url=https://www.mumbaiindians.com/players/66983-anukul-roy-profile|website=Mumbai Indians|access-date=2025-12-01|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anukul Roy Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/anukul-roy-1079839|website=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=2025-12-01|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250815103243/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/anukul-roy-1079839|archive-date=2025-08-15|language=en}}</ref>

He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for [[Jharkhand cricket team|Jharkhand]] in the [[2017–18 Vijay Hazare Trophy]] on 8 February 2018.<ref name="LA">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1118740.html |title=Group D, Vijay Hazare Trophy at Secunderabad, Feb 8 2018 |access-date=8 February 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[first-class cricket|first-class]] debut for Jharkhand in the [[2018–19 Ranji Trophy]] on 1 November 2018.<ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1156949.html |title=Elite, Group C, Ranji Trophy at Ranchi, Nov 1-4 2018 |access-date=1 November 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> He was the leading wicket-taker for Jharkhand in the tournament, with 30 dismissals in nine matches.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12592;team=6558;type=tournament |title=Ranji Trophy, 2018/19 - Jharkhand: Batting and bowling averages |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for Jharkhand in the [[2018–19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] on 21 February 2019.<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157091.html |title=Group A, Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy at Krishna, Feb 21 2019 |access-date=21 February 2019 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> In October 2019, he was named in [[India B cricket team|India B]]'s squad for the [[2019–20 Deodhar Trophy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/deodhar-trophy-2019-squads-india-a-india-b-india-c-parthiv-patel-shubman-gill-anuma-vihari-ranchi/article29788595.ece |title=Deodhar Trophy 2019: Hanuma Vihari, Parthiv, Shubman to lead; Yashasvi earns call-up |work=SportStar |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref>

In February 2022, he was bought by the [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] in the [[List of 2022 Indian Premier League personnel changes|auction]] for the [[2022 Indian Premier League]] tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ipl-2022-auction-the-list-of-sold-and-unsold-players-1300689 |title=IPL 2022 auction: The list of sold and unsold players |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> He made his debut for his new side against [[Rajasthan Royals|RR]] on 2 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |title=KKR vs RR Live Score, IPL 2022 updates: Umesh gets Padikkal early after Kolkata elects to bowl |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/kkr-vs-rr-live-score-rajasthan-royals-vs-kolkata-knight-riders-ipl-2022-today-match/article38483735.ece |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> He won the [[2024 Indian Premier League]] title with them.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kolkata Knight Riders squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Anukul}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:Jharkhand cricketers]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians cricketers]]

Thulasivanam

2026-02-05T22:28:38Z

CaseyBroderick: new...

{{Short description|Indian Telugu-language webseries}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox television
| executive_producer = {{plain list|Shanmukh Rao
*Venkatesh Kakumanu
*Chaitanya Garikapati}}
| producer = {{plain list|Swagath Reddy
*Nilith Paidipally
*Preetham Devireddy
*Anil Reddy
*Sai Jagarlamudi
*Saikrishna Gadwal
*Jeevan Kumar
*Pavan Kandi}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Comedy]]
| music = Smaran
| creator =
| writer = Anil Reddy
| director = Anil Reddy
| starring = {{plain list|Akshay Lagusani
*Aishwarya Holakkal
*Venkatesh Kakumanu}}
| cinematography = Prem Sagar
| editor = Raviteja Girijala
| camera =
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 6
| company =
| network = [[ETV Win]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=y|2024|03|21}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=y|2024|04|04}}
| image = Thulasivanam.jpg
}}

'''''Thulasivanam''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy drama]] [[Streaming television|streaming television series]] written and directed by Anil Reddy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-03-03 |title=Thulasivanam teaser out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Mar/03/thulasivanam-teaser-out-52587.html |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The series featured Akshay Lagusani, Aishwarya Holakka and Venkatesh Kakumanu in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velugu |first=V6 |date=2024-03-21 |title=Tulasivanam Web Series OTT: ఓటీటీలోకి వచ్చిన త‌రుణ్ భాస్క‌ర్ కామెడీ వెబ్‌సిరీస్..ఫ‌స్ట్ ఎపిసోడ్ ఫ్రీ స్ట్రీమింగ్‌! |url=https://www.v6velugu.com/tharun-bhascker-tulasivanam-web-series-free-streaming-in-etv-win |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=V6 Velugu |language=te}}</ref> It was premiered on 21 March 2024 on [[ETV Win]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thulasivanam release date out - Stream Tharun Bhascker's ETV Win web series on this date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/thulasivanam-release-date-out-stream-tharun-bhasckers-etv-win-web-series-on-this-date/b4eba48502232 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |title=Thulasivanam OTT: ఓటీటీలోకి సరికొత్త రొమాంటింక్ కామెడీ క్రికెట్ సిరీస్.. స్ట్రీమింగ్ ఎప్పుడు? ఎక్కడంటే? |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/thulasivanam-web-series-ott-streaming-on-etv-win-from-march-21-tulasivanam-trailer-released-121710643817456.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324040558/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/thulasivanam-web-series-ott-streaming-on-etv-win-from-march-21-tulasivanam-trailer-released-121710643817456.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 March 2024 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* Akshay Lagusani as Thulasi
** Bhanu as Young Thulasi
* Aishwarya Holakkal as Deepika "Deepu"
* Venkatesh Kakumanu as Giribabu
* Vishnu Oi as Prem
* Siddharth Gollapudi as Kaushal "PM Sir"
* Prem Sagar as Prasad Garu, Thulasi's father
* Gaythri Chaganti as Chitra
* Sunitha Anand as Ankitha
* Madhu Mani as Thulasi's mother
* Vasanth Sagar as Dev Patel
* [[Pavan Sadineni]] in an extended cameo appearance as film director
* [[Abhinav Gomatam]] in an extended cameo appearance
* [[Sanjay Thumma]] in a cameo appearance as chef
}}

== Episodes ==

{{Episode table |background=#F0D107 |overall= |title= |director= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |country= |episodes={{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Virat Thulasi
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|3|21}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = The Party Animal
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|3|21}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Deepika
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|3|21}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = Love and Practice
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|4|4}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Nuv Pressure Thattukolev
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|4|4}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = The Final Game
|DirectedBy = Anil Reddy
|WrittenBy = Anil reddy
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|df=yes|2024|4|4}}
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = F0D107
}}
}}

== Reception ==
A critic gave a mixed review, and appreciated the performances of cast while saying that, "Thulasivanam disappoints as it falls into the trap of predictability and staleness, failing to offer anything fresh or engaging".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thulasivanam review. Thulasivanam Telugu Webseries review, story, rating |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/thulasivanam--review-telugu-webseries-1711184466 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt31577377}}
* [https://www.etvwin.com/win-exclusive/thulasivanam ''Thulasivanam''] on [[ETV Win]]

[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian drama web series]]
[[Category:2024 web series debuts]]
[[Category:2024 web series endings]]
[[Category:Telugu-language web series]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Telugu-language television shows]]
[[Category:2024 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian comedy web series]]
[[Category:2020s comedy television series]]
[[Category:2020s drama television series]]
[[Category:ETV Win original programming]]

Tirwa, Kannauj

2026-02-05T04:52:34Z

CaseyBroderick: add information as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tirwa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.963333|N|79.792222|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kannauj district|Kannauj]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = local
| governing_body = nagar panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 30000
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = कन्नैजिया भाषा
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tirwa''' is a town (nagar panchayat) in [[Kannauj district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].

The road to the [[Lakh-Bahosi bird sanctuary]] goes through Tirwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kannauj.nic.in/visit.htm |title=Welcome To District Kannauj |website=kannauj.nic.in |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024211219/http://kannauj.nic.in/visit.htm |archive-date=2010-10-24}} </ref> It is situated on the [[National Highway 91A (India, old numbering)|National Highway 91A]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Tirwa had a population of 20,229. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Tirwa has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 61%. In Tirwa, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

There is a locally well-known, Inter College called Durga Narayan Inter College, which was established in 1923 by King Durga Narayan Singh. The college building and hostel, located near [[Annapurna Devi Mandir|Annapurna Mandir]], are good examples of the architecture of the period. The [[Government Medical College, Kannauj]] is also located in Tirwa.

==Religious Importance==
There are two Hindu temples which hold religious significance:

1- [[Annapurna Devi Mandir|Annapurna Mandir]]<ref>Retrieved from: https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/kannauj-12674517.html</ref> A fair starts in July around this temple, where a large number of people come from across India.
2- Dauleshwar Temple

Annapurna Mandir is related to the deity Annpurna whereas the Dauleshwar temple is related to the [[Shiva]].

There is also one [[mosque]] dating back to the 16th century.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Kannauj district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kannauj district]]

{{Kannauj-geo-stub}}

Chhapra–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Antyodaya Express

2026-02-05T04:18:21Z

CaseyBroderick: stub

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 800000
| name = Chhapra–Mumbai CSMT Antyodaya Express
| logo =
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Express]]
| first =
| last =
| operator = [[North Eastern Railway zone|Northern Eastern Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{stnlnk|Chhapra Junction}}
| stops = 17
| end = {{stnlnk|Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus}}
| distance = {{convert|1882|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 35 hours
| frequency = Weekly
| class = '''UR/GEN'''
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation =
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities =
| stock = [[LHB coach|LHB-Antyodaya]]
| gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm|al=on|allk=on}}
| electrification =
| trainnumber = 15101 / 15102
| speed = {{convert|54|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| map = [[File:(Chhapra - Mumbai CSMT) Jan Sadharan Express route map.jpg|250px|(Chhapra–Mumbai CSMT) Jan Sadharan Express route map]]
| map_state =
}}

The '''Chhapra–Mumbai CST Antyodaya Express''' is a weekly [[Antyodaya Express]], running between {{stnlnk|Chhapra Junction}} and {{stnlnk|Mumbai CST}} via [[Bhopal]], [[Jhansi]], [[Kanpur]] and [[Basti, Uttar Pradesh|Basti]]. It is numbered 15102/15101. This train is operated and maintained by [[North Eastern Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]].<ref>[https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-16011555.html], ''jagran.com'', 12 May 2017</ref>

Till 25 April 2019, it was run as the Jan Sadharan Express with ICF Coaches and later 26 April 2019 it's upgraded to [[LHB coach]] and runs as the Antyodaya Express.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://epaper.jagran.com/mepaper/article-18-Apr-2019-edition-gorakhpur-city-page_4-7728-41173-56.html |title=Jagran ePaper |website=epaper.jagran.com |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>

==Coaches==
The 15101 / 02 Chhapra Junction–Mumbai CST Antyodaya Express has 23 general unreserved & two SLR (seating with luggage rake) coaches . It does not carry a [[pantry car]].

As is customary with most train services in India, coach composition may be amended at the discretion of Indian Railways depending on demand.

==Service==
The 15101 Chhapra Junction–Mumbai CST Antyodaya Express covers the distance of {{convert|1882|km|0|abbr=on}} in 33 hours 10 mins (57 km/h) and in 37 hours 05 mins as the 15102 Mumbai CST–Chhapra Junction Antyodaya Express (51 km/h).

As the average speed of the train is lower than {{convert|55|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, as per railway rules, its fare doesn't includes a Superfast surcharge.

==Routing==

This train runs via {{stnlnk|Siwan Junction}}, Bhatni, {{stnlnk|Gorakhpur Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Basti}}, {{stnlnk|Ayodhya Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Prayagraj Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Kanpur Central}}, {{stnlnk|Orai}}, {{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Khandwa Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}, {{stnlnk|Nasik Road}}, {{stnlnk|Kalyan Junction}} to reach Mumbai CST.

==Traction==
As the route is fully electrified an electric locomotive [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP-4]] pulls the train to its destination.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/chhapra-mumbai-cst-weekly-jansadharan-express-15101/13979/691/1620 15101 Antyodaya Express] at India Rail Info
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/mumbai-cst-chhapra-jansadharan-express-15102/13691/1620/691 15102 Antyodaya Express] at India Rail Info

{{Antyodaya Express}}
{{Jan Sadharan Express}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chhapra-Mumbai CST Antyodaya Express}}
[[Category:Jan Sadharan Express trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Transport in Chhapra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Bihar]]
[[Category:Antyodaya Express trains]]

Kanhai Chitrakar

2026-01-28T21:53:02Z

CaseyBroderick: improve lead and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian painter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Kanhai Chitrakar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1934
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
| death_date = 14 August 2013
| death_place = [[Vrindavan]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Painter
| yearsactive =
| known for =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children = [Krishn Kanhai & Govind.]
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] AISCCON Lifetime Achievement Award<
}}
'''Kanhai Chitrakar''' was an Indian artist and painter,<ref name="Hare Krsna">{{cite web | url=http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/09-05/features72.htm | title=Hare Krsna | publisher=Hare Krsna | date=2014 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="PBCnet">{{cite web | url=http://www.pbcnet.com/artgallery/artists/KanhaiChitrakar/ | title=PBCnet | publisher=PBCnet | date=2014 | access-date=30 December 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050403/http://www.pbcnet.com/artgallery/artists/KanhaiChitrakar/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Hinduism Today">{{cite web | url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=4146 | title=Hinduism Today | publisher=Hinduism Today | date=2014 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref> credited with the revival of the heritage painting discipline of ''Kanhai Art'',<ref name="IBN Live">{{cite web | url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/artist-kanhai-chitrakar-passes-away-lk-advani-pays-tribute/414971-3-242.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102224532/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/artist-kanhai-chitrakar-passes-away-lk-advani-pays-tribute/414971-3-242.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 November 2013 | title=IBN Live | publisher=IBN Live | date=17 August 2013 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref> a method of painting where gold powder, gold leaves, and gemstones are used.<ref name="India PR Wire">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/art/2010010240620.htm | title=India PR Wire | publisher=India PR Wire | date=1 January 2010 | access-date=30 December 2014 | archive-date=2 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152300/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/art/2010010240620.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="DNA India">{{cite web | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-pure-gold-and-crystal-studded-paintings-1130050 | title=DNA India | publisher=DNA India | date=2014 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Hare Krsna 2">{{cite web | url=http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/news/10-05/news127.htm | title=Hare Krsna 2 | publisher=Hare Krsna | date=2014 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref>

Kanhai Chitrakar was born in [[Vrindavan]], in [[Mathura district]], in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="PBCnet" /> His career started as an art director for the renowned filmmaker [[Guru Dutt]], but later, he returned to Vrindavan, where he set up his studio, working in Kanhai art.<ref name="DNA India" /> The studio has since grown to become ''Kanhai Art Works,'' where he and his two sons, [[Krishn Kanhai]] and [[Govind Kanhai]], worked producing artwork. Krishn received the [[Padma Shri]] award, and Govind received the Uttar Pradesh State Ratna Award.<ref name="My Chronicles">{{cite web | url=http://mychronicles2007.blogspot.ae/2007/11/golden-legacy.html | title=My Chronicles | date=28 November 2007 | access-date=30 December 2014}}</ref>

A recipient of the AISCCON lifetime achievement award and the Uttar Pradesh Ratna award,<ref name="Vrindavan Today">{{cite web | url=http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2010/10/gurusharanananda-and-hudda-speak-at-aisccon-conference/ | title=Vrindavan Today | publisher=Vrindavan Today | date=2010 | access-date=30 December 2014 | archive-date=2 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102652/http://news.vrindavantoday.org/2010/10/gurusharanananda-and-hudda-speak-at-aisccon-conference/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Chitrakar was honored by the [[Government of India]] in 2000 with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of [[Padma Shri]].<ref name="PBCnet" /><ref name="IBN Live" /><ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Padma Awards |date=2014 |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref> He died on 14 August 2013.<ref name="IBN Live" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitrakar, Kanhai}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:People from Mathura district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Painters from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]
[[Category:1934 births]]

Aditya Akella

2026-01-24T05:15:45Z

CaseyBroderick: Creating Info...

{{short description | Indian-American computer scientist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Aditya Akella
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Aditya Akella 2021.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[India]]
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| other_names =
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| fields = [[Computer Science]], [[Computer Networking]], [[Distributed Systems]], [[Machine Learning]]
| workplaces = [[University of Texas at Austin]]
[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
[[Stanford University]]
| patrons =
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Carnegie Mellon University]] (PhD 2005) [[IIT Madras]] (B.Tech 2000)
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url = 
| thesis_year =
| doctoral_advisor = [[Srinivasan Seshan]]
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| spouse = [[Shuchi Chawla]] 
| partner = 
| children =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = {{URL|https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~akella/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Srinivasa Aditya Akella''' is a computer scientist, professor and Regents Chair Professor at the [[University of Texas at Austin]]. He is notable for research in [[software-defined networking]],<ref name="SOCC2011">{{cite web |title=CloudNaaS: A Cloud Networking Platform for Enterprise Applications |url=http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~tbenson/papers/CloudNaaS.pdf |author=Aditya Akella |accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> [[Big Data#Architecture|big data systems]],<ref name="SIGCOMM2014">{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~xia/resources/Documents/grandl_sigcomm14.pdf |title=Multi-Resource Packing for Cluster Schedulers |author=Aditya Akella |accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> [[Latency (engineering)|low latency networking]], [[Content delivery network|content distribution]]<ref name="NSDI2010">{{cite web |url=https://wisr.cs.wisc.edu/papers/endre-nsdi10.pdf |title=EndRE: An End-System Redundancy Elimination Service for Enterprises |accessdate=21 June 2020}}</ref> and [[network function virtualization]].

==Career==

Akella completed his undergraduate studies at the [[Indian Institute of Technology Madras|Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]] in 2000, then received his PhD in 2005 from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] with a thesis titled ''End Point-based Routing Strategies for Improving Internet Performance and Resilience''. His doctoral advisor was Srinivasan Seshan.<ref name="cv">{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aditya/research/resume.pdf |title=Curriculum vitae |accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{mathgenealogy|id=140691}}</ref> He completed a post-doc at Stanford University working with [[Nick McKeown]] where he worked on early efforts in [[Software-defined networking|SDN]].<ref name="SANE2005">{{cite web |url=https://wisr.cs.wisc.edu/papers/sane.pdf |title=SANE: A Protection Architecture for Enterprise Networks |publisher=Proceedings of the 15th conference on [[USENIX]] Security Symposium - Volume 15 |date=July 2006 |accessdate=9 July 2020}}</ref> In 2006 Akella joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison as an assistant professor, then later became an associate professor in 2012 and a full professor in 2017. In 2021, he joined the UT Austin Computer Science Department.

He leads the UT Networked Systems (UTNS) Research Group<ref name="UTNS">{{cite web |url=https://utns.cs.utexas.edu/ |title=UT Networked Systems |accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref> and is one of the Principal Investigators leading CloudLab.<ref name="WiscNews2017">{{cite web |url=https://news.wisc.edu/uw-madison-cloud-computing-research-moves-into-new-phase/ |title=UW-Madison cloud computer research moves into new phase |author=Jennifer Smith |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] |date=8 December 2017 |accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref>
In 2014, [[SIGCOMM]] gave him their Rising Star Award for contributions to network management and content delivery.<ref name="SIGCOMMRisingStar">{{cite web |url=http://www.sigcomm.org/awards/sigcomm-rising-stars |title=SIGCOMM Rising Star Award Winners |publisher=[[SIGCOMM]] |accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref> Akella holds over 15 patents related to computer networking and distributed systems.<ref name="JustiaPatents">{{cite web |url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/srinivasa-aditya-akella |title=Patents by Inventor Srinivasa Aditya Akella |publisher=[[Justia]] |accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref> He has published 225 research papers in refereed international conferences and journals with his coworkers and his publications have been cited over 10,000 times (H-index=53).<ref name="cv"/><ref name="GoogleScholar">{{cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=d_rxnzAAAAAJ&view_op=list_works |title=Aditya Akella |publisher=[[Google Scholar]] |accessdate=27 February 2020}}</ref>

Akella was chosen as a finalist in Physical Sciences and Engineering for both the 2021 and 2020 [[Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists|Blavatnik National Award]] for his contributions to improving the speed, efficiency and reliability of data center infrastructure.<ref name="Blavatnik2021">{{cite web |url=http://blavatnikawards.org/news/items/blavatnik-family-foundation-new-york-academy-sciences-name-31-finalists-2021-blavatnik-national-awards-young-scientists/ |title=Blavatnik Family Foundation, New York Academy of Sciences Name 31 Finalists for 2021 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists |publisher=Blavatnik Family Foundation |date=15 June 2021 |accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Blavatnik2020">{{cite web |url=http://blavatnikawards.org/news/items/announcing-finalists-2020-blavatnik-national-awards-young-scientists/ |title=Announcing the Finalists of the 2020 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists |publisher=Blavatnik Family Foundation |date=17 June 2020 |accessdate=27 June 2020}}</ref> His ongoing research focuses on systems for machine learning, low latency networking, big data systems and intent-driven networking.<ref name="SIGPLAN2017">{{cite journal |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3093333.3009845 |title=Genesis: Synthesizing Forwarding Tables in Multi-tenant Networks |publisher=[[SIGPLAN|ACM SIGPLAN]] |accessdate=13 July 2020 |date=January 2017|doi=10.1145/3093333.3009845 |last1=Subramanian |first1=Kausik |last2=d'Antoni |first2=Loris |last3=Akella |first3=Aditya |journal=ACM SIGPLAN Notices |volume=52 |pages=572–585 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Awards==

* 2023: [[ACM Fellow]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditya Akella |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/akella_9932799 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=awards.acm.org |language=en}}</ref>
* 2021: [[Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists]], Finalist<ref name="Blavatnik2021" /><ref name="EurekAlert2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/798252 |title=Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists announces the finalists of 2021 |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |date=15 June 2021 |accessdate=8 February 2022}}</ref>
* 2020: [[Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists]], Finalist<ref name="Blavatnik2020" /><ref name="UWCS2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.wisc.edu/2020/06/30/professor-akella-selected-as-2020-finalist-for-blavatnik-national-award-for-young-scientists/ |title=Professor Akella Selected as 2020 Finalist for Blavatnik Nation Award for Young Scientist |accessdate=13 July 2020 |date=30 June 2020}}</ref>
* 2018: H.I. Romnes Faculty Associate<ref name="HIRomnes2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.cs.wisc.edu/news/2018-02-07-prof-akella-selected-hi-romnes-faculty-fellowship |title=Prof. Akella selected for H.I. Romnes Faculty Fellowship |last=Smith |first=Jennifer |date=7 February 2018 |accessdate=27 June 2020 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin-Madison|University of Wisconsin-Madison Computer Sciences]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223143011/https://www.cs.wisc.edu/news/2018-02-07-prof-akella-selected-hi-romnes-faculty-fellowship |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2017: Vilas Associate<ref name="GATech2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.cc.gatech.edu/calendar/day/2020/02/11/16048 |title=SCS Seminar Talk: Aditya Akella |publisher=[[Georgia Tech]] |date=11 February 2020 |accessdate=27 February 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228005351/https://www.cc.gatech.edu/calendar/day/2020/02/11/16048 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2015: [[Internet Research Task Force]] Applied Networking Research Prize<ref name="GATech2020" />
* 2014: [[SIGCOMM]] Rising Star Award<ref name="SIGCOMMRisingStar"/>

==Personal life==

Akella is a native of [[Hyderabad|Hyderabad, India]], and currently resides in Austin, Texas. His wife [[Shuchi Chawla]] is also a computer science professor at the University of Texas-Austin.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~akella/ Home page]
* {{Google Scholar id|d_rxnzAAAAAJ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Akella, Aditya}}
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:Computer systems researchers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni]]
[[Category:IIT Madras alumni]]
[[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty]]
[[Category:University of Texas at Austin faculty]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery]]

All India Gaming Federation

2026-01-16T04:53:04Z

CaseyBroderick:

{{Short description|Industry body of gaming operators in India}}
{{AI-generated|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = All India Gaming Federation
| image = 
| formation = 2016
| type = [[Industry body]]
| status = Active
| purpose = Self-regulation, advocacy, and standardization of the online skill gaming industry in India
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], [[India]]
| region_served = India
| membership = Online skill gaming operators
| leader_title = [[CEO]]
| leader_name =
| leader_title2 = Advisor
| leader_name2 =
| website = {{URL|aigf.in}}
}}

'''All India Gaming Federation''' ('''AIGF''') is an [[industry body]] representing online skill gaming operators in [[India]]. Founded in 2016, AIGF advocates for [[Self-regulatory organization|self-regulation]], player protection, and responsible gaming practices within India's [[Online gaming in India|online gaming]] sector.

== History ==
The All India Gaming Federation was established in 2016 in response to the growing online gaming industry in India and the need for an industry-wide self-regulatory body.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/industry/news/gaming-federations-tie-up-to-enforce-code-of-ethics-for-user-safety-125030900427_1.html |title=Gaming Federations Tie Up to Enforce Code of Ethics for User Safety |date=9 March 2025 |website=Business Standard |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

In 2017, AIGF launched its Charter of Ethics for self-regulation of the online gaming industry, which was one of the first such initiatives in the Indian gaming sector.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/aigf-egf-and-fifs-adopt-code-of-ethics-to-push-for-responsible-real-money-gaming-12960203.html |title=AIGF, EGF and FIFS Adopt Code of Ethics for Responsible Real Money Gaming |date=9 March 2025 |website=Money Control |access-date=20 March 2025}}</ref>

== Organization ==
AIGF is governed by a council that includes representatives from member companies across the gaming industry. The [[federation]] is led by a CEO and has appointed committees to oversee specific areas such as technical standards, responsible gaming, and legal compliance.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aigf.in/about-us/ |title=About Us |website=All India Gaming Federation |access-date=20 March 2025 |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203073854/https://aigf.in/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Leadership ===
* Roland Landers – [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]]
* Vikramajit Sen – Advisor (Former Judge of the Supreme Court of India)

=== Membership ===
AIGF's membership comprises companies operating in various segments of the online skill gaming industry, including:
* [[Fantasy sport|Fantasy sports]] operators
* Card game platforms ([[Rummy]], [[Poker]])
* Casual gaming companies
* [[Esports|eSports]] organizations
* Game development studios
* Technology providers

== Activities and initiatives ==

=== Skill Games Charter ===
AIGF has developed a Skill Games Charter that provides guidelines for [[game mechanics]], platform integrity, financial integrity, and player protection.{{Citation needed|date=October 2025}}

The charter includes provisions related to:
* Game integrity and fairness
* Transparent terms and conditions
* Age verification mechanisms
* Responsible gaming practices
* User data protection
* Fair marketing and advertising
* Financial security measures

== See also ==
* [[Esports Federation of India]]
* [[Federation of Indian Fantasy Sports]]
* [[Daily fantasy sports]]
* [[Fantasy sport in India]]
* [[Video games in India]]
* [[Online gaming in India]]
* [[Sports betting]]

== External links ==
* {{official website|https://aigf.in}}
* [https://www.meity.gov.in Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology]
* [https://www.gst.gov.in Goods and Services Tax Council]
* [https://www.nasscom.in National Association of Software and Service Companies]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Gaming organizations]]
[[Category:Fantasy sports]]
[[Category:Gambling regulators]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2016]]
[[Category:Sports governing bodies in India|Gaming]]

Purkazi

2026-01-05T07:35:03Z

CaseyBroderick: Made new pg more to come!

{{More citations needed|date=May 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Purkazi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Qazi Pur (Purquazi)
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29|39|29|N|77|50|31|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Muzaffarnagar district|Muzaffarnagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Nagar Panchayat]]
| governing_body = Purkazi Nagar Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 300
| population_total = 27516
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 251327
| registration_plate = UP 12
| website = {{URL|up.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| leader_name = Zaheer Farooqui (Adv.)
| leader_title = [[Chairman]]
}}

'''Purkazi''' or '''Purquazi''' is a town and a [[nagar panchayat]] in [[Muzaffarnagar district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. This town shares its border with the [[Haridwar]] district of [[Uttarakhand]], serving as a connecting link between the two regions. Located in close proximity to the state border, Purkazi offers easy access to nearby towns and cities in both states.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2011||df=}} India [[census]], Purkazi has a population <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=126698|title=Census of India: Search Details|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=2019-06-03}}</ref> of 27,516 which includes 14,332 males and 13,184 females. Children comprise 4,575 of the total population of Purkazi. The Nagar panchayat has 13,244 illiterate people out of which 7,736 are males and 5,508 are females.

==Location==
Purkazi is located on [[NH 58]], Delhi-Dehradun highway, 56 km from the holy city of Ganges.

==Historical significance (Suliwala Bagh) ==
The [[Suliwala Bagh]] located in Purkazi is the witness to the mass murder of 500 freedom fighters after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|first war of independence in 1857]] when the English collector ordered them to be hanged for disobeying British government rule. The citizens of Purkazi are demanding Suliwala Bagh to be declared as a National ‘Shaheed Sthal’. Thousands of people participated in a Tiranga Yatra on 15 August 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-lucknow/20180817/281930248823384|title=Declare Sooli Waga Balalgh as National Shaheed Sthal|date=17 August 2018|website=Hindustan Times|via=Press Reader|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uttarpradesh.org/up-news/bhakiyu-demand-to-declare-suli-wala-bagh-as-a-martyr-destination-253243|title=सूली वाले बाग को शहीद स्थल घोषित कराने की है भाकियू की मांग|date=26 January 2019|website=Uttar Pradesh News, UP News, Hindi News Portal ,यूपी की ताजा खबरें|language=en-US|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>

==Events==
The Chairman of Purkazi, Advocate Zaheer Farooqui has been observing [[Shaheed Diwas]] (Martyr's Day)<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Remembers Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, And Sukhdev on Martyrs’ Day; Read 10 Motivational Quotes |url=https://www.india.com/education/india-remembers-bhagat-singh-rajguru-and-sukhdev-on-martyrs-day-read-10-motivational-quotes-6807699/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> every year on 23 March since 2017 to commemorate the sacrifices of Indian freedom fighters.

Zaheer Farooqui also hosted the patriotic program "Ek Shaam Shaheedon Ke Naam" in Purkazi on 23 March 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभी नहीं बना शहीदों के सपनों का हिदुस्तान - |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/muzaffarnagar-programme-ek-sham-shahido-ke-naam-muzaffarnagar-19069679.html |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> On this occasion, tributes were paid to the freedom fighters and the martyrs of Pulwama. The relatives of [[Bhagat Singh|Shaheed Bhagat Singh]], [[Abdul Hamid (soldier)|Vir Abdul Hamid]], and the families of CRPF personnel who died in the [[2019 Pulwama attack|Pulwama Terror attack]] attended the event, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/hindi/uttar+pradesh-epaper-uttar/purakaji+me+shahido+ke+parijano+ko+kiya+gaya+sammanit-newsid-111898765|title=पुरकाजी में शहीदों के परिजनों को किया गया सम्मानित - Uttar Pradesh|website=Dailyhunt|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ठाकुर |first=सत्येन्द्र |date=2021-03-23 |title=शहीद दिवस पर अमर शहीदों के जयकारों से गूंजा सूली वाला बाग |url=https://www.khojinews.co.in/category/MuzaffarNagar/suli-wala-bagh-echoed-with-the-cheers-of-the-immortal-martyrs-on-martyrs-day-853116 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.khojinews.co.in |language=hi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Muzaffarnagar district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Muzaffarnagar district]]

Leonard Reynolds (civil servant)

2025-12-29T03:20:26Z

CaseyBroderick: Added some stub w/ refs

{{Short description|Administrator in British India}}
'''Sir Leonard William Reynolds''', [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]], [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India|CSI]], [[MC]] (February 1874 – 15 May 1946) was an administrator in British India. A member of the [[Indian Civil Service]] and of the [[Indian Political Service]], he was [[Rajputana Agency|Agent to the Governor-General in Rajputana]] and [[Chief Commissioner of Ajmer-Merwara]] from 1927 to 1932.

== References ==

* "Sir Leonard Reynolds, ''The Times'', 16 May 1946, p. 7
* {{cite IBD1915|wstitle= Reynolds, Leonard William |volume= 19.2 |page= 360 |year=1915|short=1}}

[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Indian Political Service officers]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Military Cross]]
[[Category:People educated at Bradfield College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]

Jeassy

2025-12-21T18:34:25Z

CaseyBroderick: updated page based on references also and cleaned formatting to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian film director and actor}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jaycey Kuttikkat
| image = Jeassy.png
| birth_date = 17 August 1938
| birth_place = Ernakulam
| death_date = 10 April 2001
| death_place = Ernakulam

| occupation = [[Actor]], [[film director]], [[Writer]]
| yearsactive = 1965–1997
| spouse = Baby
| children = Sherly
| father = KV Joseph
| relatives = Abraham Lincoln (Brother)
}}

'''Jeassy''', also known as '''J. C.''' or '''Jesey''', was an Indian director and actor of [[Malayalam]] movies. His first film as an actor
was [[Ramu Kariat]]'s ''[[Ezhu Rathrikal]]''. Some of his notable films as an actor were ''[[Adimakal]], [[Kallichellamma]], [[Allahu Akbar]], [[Manpeda]], [[Kuttyedathi]]'' and ''[[Ganga Sangamam]]''. ''Shapamoksham'', made in 1974, was his first film as a
director. Since the early 1970s, he has directed some 30 movies. {{citation needed |date=March 2023}}

==Filmography==

===Director===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[[Shapamoksham]]'' (1974)
*''[[Aswathy]]'' (1974)
*''[[Chandanan Chola]]'' (1975)
*''[[Sindhooram (1976 film)|Sindhooram]]'' (1976)
*''[[Agni Pushpam]]'' (1976)
*''[[Rajaankanam]]'' (1976)
*''[[Veedu Oru Swargam]]'' (1977)
*''[[Aval Viswasthayayirunnu]]'' (1978)
*''[[Aarum Anyaralla]]'' (1978)
*''[[Thuramukham]]'' (1979)
*''[[Rakthamillatha Manushyan]]'' (1979)
*''[[Ezhunirangal]]'' (1979)
*''[[Puzha (film)|Puzha]]'' (1980)
*''[[Pavizha Mutthu]]'' (1980)
*''[[Dooram Arike]]'' (1980)
*''[[Akalangalil Abhayam]]'' (1980)
*''[[Aagamanam]]'' (1980)
*''[[Thaaraavu]]'' (1981)
*''[[Oru Vilippadakale]]'' (1982)
*''[[Ethiraalikal]]'' (1982)
*''[[Nizhal Moodiya Nirangal]]'' (1983)
*''[[Orikkal Oridathu]]'' (1985)
*''[[Eeran Sandhya]]'' (1985)
*''[[Akalathe Ambili]]'' (1985)
*''[[Adukkan Entheluppam]]'' (1986)
*''[[Neeyethra Dhanya]]'' (1987)
*''[[Ivide Ellavarkkum Sukham]]'' (1987)
*''[[Purappadu (1990 film)|Purappadu]]'' (1990)
*''[[Sarovaram (film)|Sarovaram]]'' (1993)
*''[[Sankeerthanam Pole]]'' (1997)
{{div col end}}

===Actor===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Asthram (1983 film)|Asthram]]''(1983)
*''[[Allahu Akbar (1977 film)|Allahu Akbar]]''(1977)
*''[[Oru Sundariyude Katha]]'' (1972)...Georgekutty
*''[[Kuttyedathi]]''(1971)
*''[[Gangaasangamam]]'' (1971)
*''[[Manpeda]]'' (1971)
*''[[Ernakulam Junction (film)|Ernakulam Junction]]''(1971)
*''[[Jalakanyaka (film)|Jalakanyaka]]'' (1971)
*''[[Rathrivandi]]'' (1971)
*''[[Ara Nazhika Neram (film)|Ara Nazhika Neram]]'' (1970)
*''[[Nizhalattam]]'' (1970)
*''[[Kallichellamma]]'' (1969)
*''[[Adimakal]]'' (1969) .... Ananthan
*''[[Ezhu Rathrikal]]'' (1968)
*''[[Bhoomiyile Malakha]]'' (1965)
{{div col end}}

===Screenplay===
*''[[Thaaraavu]]'' (1981)
*''[[Shapamoksham]]'' (1974)
*''[[Aswathy]]'' (1974)
*''[[Azhimukham]]'' (1972)
*''[[Bhoomiyile Malakha]]'' (1965)

===Dialogue===
*''[[Shapamoksham]]'' (1974)
*''[[Azhimukham]]'' (1972)
*''[[Bhoomiyile Malakha]]'' (1965)

===Story===
*''[[Agni Pushpam]]'' (1976)

==Tele films==
*''Mohapaskhikal''
*''Kuthirakal''

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0420004}}
*http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/profiles.php?i=2004

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kochi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kochi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]

{{India-film-director-stub}}